Rasisme sistemik

Rasisme sistemik atau rasisme terinstitusional adalah suatu bentuk rasisme yang tertanam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di dalam suatu masyarakat atau organisasi. Rasisme ini dapat menyebabkan permasalahan seperti diskriminasi di dalam sistem peradilan, sistem ketenagakerjaan, perumahan, jaminan kesehatan, kekuasaan politik, dan pendidikan, serta masalah lainnya.

Istilah rasisme terinstitusional pertama kali dipakai oleh Stokely Carmichael dan Charles V. Hamilton pada tahun 1967 di dalam buku mereka Black Power: The Politics of Liberation.
Mereka menulis bahwa meskipun rasisme individual sering kali dapat dikenali karena sifatnya yang terlihat, namun rasisme terinstitusional tidak begitu terlihat karena sifatnya yang substil. Rasisme jenis ini berasal dari penghulu-penghulu yang mapan dan dihormati di masyarakat, dan maka dari itu tidak mendapat kecaman publik sebanyak rasisme individual.

rasisme terinstitusional didefinisikan oleh Sir William Macpherson di dalam kasus pembunuhan Stephen Lawrence di Britania Raya tahun 1999 sebagai: "kegagalan kolektif sebuah organisasi untuk memberikan layanan yang sesuai dan profesional kepada orang-orang dikarenakan warna kulit, budaya, atau asal etnis mereka. Hal ini dapat dilihat atau dideteksi di dalam berbagai proses, sikap, dan perilaku yang setimpal dengan diskriminasi melalui prasangka, ketidakpedulian, kesembronoan, dan stereotip rasis yang merugikan etnis minoritas."Home Office, The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: Report of an Inquiry by Sir William Macpherson of Cluny, Cm 4262-I, February 1999, para 6.34 (cited in Macpherson Report—Ten Years On in 2009); available on the official British Parliament Website.

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 Referensi 

 Bibliografi 



 Stokes, DaShanne. (In Press) Legalized Segregation and the Denial of Religious Freedom


 Green, David G, (Editor), Institutional Racism and the Police: Fact or Fiction, published by the Institute for the Study of Civil Society 2000, 
 Dennis, Norman; Erdos, George; Al-Shahi, Ahmed; Racist Murder and Pressure Group Politics: The Macpherson Report and the Police, published by the Institute for the Study of Civil Society 2000, 
 The Sentencing Project. Crack Cocaine Sentencing Policy: Unjustified and Unreasonable. . 514 10th Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC.
Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration Author(s): Becky Pettit and Bruce Western Source: American Sociological Review, Vol. 69, No. 2 (Apr. 2004), pp. 151–169 Published by: American Sociological Association
Howell, B. (2009). Exploring race and space: Concentrated subprime lending as housing discrimination. In Dalmage, H. & Rothman, B. K. (eds). Race in an Era of Change: A Reader. New York: Oxford.
 Christopher Brown II, M., & Elon Dancy II, T. (2010). Predominantly white institutions. In K. Lomotey (Ed.), Encyclopedia of African American education. (pp. 524–527). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. 

 Duster, T. (2011). The "Morphing" Properties of Whiteness. In Dalmage, H. & Rothman, B. K. (eds). Race in an Era of Change: A Reader. New York: Oxford.

Starr, Kevin. Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California (1997) p. 261.   The Mexican repatriation

 Pranala luar 

Institutional Racism and the Police Institutional Racism and the Police: Fact or Fiction?, Civitas thinktank pamphlet about the Macpherson Report
Paying the Price: The Human Cost of Racial Profiling On causes and effects of institutional racism in the Canadian criminal justice system
Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration
Crack Cocaine Sentencing Policy: Unjustified and Unreasonable
 Robert R. McKay, "Mexican Americans and Repatriation," Handbook of Texas Online, accessed 12 July 2015. Uploaded on 15 June 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
 Peter Ward, White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy Toward Orientals in British Columbia (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1978), 132.
 When no longer needed to build the railroad, they dispersed along the line into chinatowns, as married singles
The visible minority population in Canada: A review of numbers, growth and labour force issues
Scrip: For discussions on this topic, see Gerhard Ens, Homeland to Hinterland: The Changing Worlds of the Red River Métis in the Nineteenth Century (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996); "Métis Scrip," in S. Corrigan and J. Sawchuk, eds., The Recognition of Aboriginal Rights (Brandon: Bearpaw Publishing, 1996), p. 47-57; and Thomas Flanagan, "The Market for Métis Lands in Manitoba: An Exploratory Study," Prairie Forum 16, 1 (1991), p. 1-20.
Canada Consolidation Indian Act R.S.C., 1985, c. I-5 Current to 9 June 2015.  Last amended on 2 April 2015 and published by the Minister of Justice at the following address:   "Justice Laws Website" / "Site Web de la législation (Justice)", Government of Canada

Kategori:Penyalahgunaan terinstitusional
Kategori:Rasisme
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