Pembantaian Rumbula

Pembantaian Rumbula adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941, di mana sekitar 25.000 Yahudi dibantai di dalam atau pada perjalanan menuju hutan Rumbula dekat Riga, Latvia, pada masa Holocaust. Terkecuali the pembantaian Babi Yar di Ukraina, peristiwa tersebut adalah kejahatan Holocaust dua hari terbesar sampai operasi kamp-kamp kematian.

Catatan

Referensi

Historiografi
Anders, Edward, and Dubrovskis, Juris, "Who Died in the Holocaust?  Recovering Names from Official Records", Holocaust and Genocide Studies 17.1 (2003) 114-138

Bloxham, Donald, Genocide on Trial; war crimes trials and the formation of Holocaust History and Memory, Oxford University Press, New York NY 2001 

Dribins, Leo, Gūtmanis, Armands, and Vestermanis, Marģers, "Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Trajedy, Revival", Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Latvia
Edelheit, Abraham J. and Edelheit, Hershel, History of the Holocaust : A Handbook and Dictionary, Westview Press,  Boulder, CO 1994 
Eksteins, Modris, Walking Since Daybreak: A story of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the Heart of our Century, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1999 .

Friedländer, Saul, The years of extermination : Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945, New York, NY 2007 
Hilberg, Raul, The Destruction of the European Jews (3d Ed.) Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 2003. 
Hobrecht,Jürgen "We did survive it"- The Riga Ghetto. Documentary film, Berlin 2013, 98 Min. Outtakes: www.phoenix-medienakademie.com/Riga-survive

Klee, Ernst, Dressen, Willi, and Riess, Volker, eds., The Good Old Days: The Holocaust as seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders, (English translation) MacMillan Free Press, NY 1991 
Latvia Institute, The Holocaust in German-Occupied Latvia 
Michelson, Frida, I Survived Rumbuli, Holocaust Library, New York, NY 1979 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Remembrance - Rumbula Memorial Site Unveiled, December 2002 
Press, Bernard, The Murder of the Jews in Latvia, Northwestern University Press, 2000 
Reitlinger, Gerald, The SS—Alibi of a Nation, at 186, 282, Viking Press, New York, 1957 (Da Capo reprint 1989) 
Roseman, Mark, The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution—A Reassessment, Holt, New York, 2002 
Rubenstein, Richard L., and Roth, John K., Approaches to Auschwitz, page 179, Louisville, Ky. : Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.  
 Scheffler, Wolfgang, "Zur Geschichte der Deportation jüdischer Bürger nach Riga 1941/1942", Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e.V. – 23.05.2000
Schneider, Gertrude, Journey into terror: story of the Riga Ghetto, (2d Ed.) Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2001 
Schneider, Gertrude, ed., The Unfinished Road: Jewish Survivors of Latvia Look Back, Praeger Publishers (1991) 
Smith, Lyn, Remembering: Voices of the Holocaust, Carroll & Graf, New York 2005 
Winter, Alfred, "Rumbula Viewed From The Riga Ghetto" from  The Ghetto of Riga and Continuance - A Survivor's Memoir  1998

Bukti dan pengadilan kejahatan perang
Brätigam, Otto, Memorandum dated 18 Dec. 1941, "Jewish Question re correspondence of 15 Nov. 1941" translated and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Exhibit 3666-PS, Volume VII, pages 978–995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series")
Jeckeln, Friedrich, excerpts from minutes of interrogation, 14 December 1945 (Maj. Zwetajew, interrogator, Sgt. Suur, interpreter), pages 8–13, from the Historical State Archives, as reprinted in Fleming, Hitler and the Final Solution, at pages 95–100 (Portions of the Jeckeln interrogation are also available online at the Nizkor website ).
Stahlecker, Franz W., "Comprehensive Report of Einsatzgruppe A Operations up to 15 October 1941", Exhibit L-180, translated in part and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volume VII, pages 978–995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series")

Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Nuernberg, October 1946 - April 1949, Volume IV, ("Green Series) (the "Einsatzgruppen case") also available at Mazel library (well indexed HTML version)

Bacaan tambahan
Katz, Josef, One Who Came Back, University of Wisconsin Press, (2nd Ed. 2006) 
Iwens, Sidney, How Dark the Heavens—1400 Days in the Grip of Nazi Terror, Shengold Publishing (2d ed. 1990) 
 Michelson, Max, City of Life, City of Death: Memories of Riga, University Press of Colorado (2001) 

Pranala luar

The Holocaust in Latvia and Latvia's Jews Yesterday and Today
Remembering Rumbula
Killed in Rumbala forest
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Education, Research and Remembrance in Latvia, 16 Sept 2003 
  Berliner Zeitung, Das Lange Warten des Abram Kit, 29 October 1997

Kategori:Einsatzgruppen