Ayan Utsmaniyah

Ayan Utsmaniyah (tunggal: ayn) adalah bangsawan lokal atau anggota dinasti yang memegang kontrol administratif atas paruh wilayah Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah dari abad ke-16 sampai awal abad ke-19.Gabor Agoston, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (New York: Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters, 2008), https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=ottoman+empire+ayan&source=bl&ots=Pe-6L9KHwb&sig=WkQBRxbuH6C83tUd1hL5hL6wqn0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidhKqXiPTMAhVMO1IKHdrmAecQ6AEIQjAI#v=onepage&q=ottoman%20empire%20ayan&f=false. Para anggota dinasti tersebut memegang otonomi signifikan dari pemerintahan pusat Utsmaniyah.M. Sukru Hanioglu, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).

 Referensi 

 Pranala luar 

  Gabor Agoston, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (New York: Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters, 2008).
  Gabriel Piterberg, “The Formation of an Ottoman Egyptian Elite in the 18th Century,” in International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 22, No. 3, 1990.
  Eliana Balla and Noel D. Johnson, “Fiscal Crisis and Institutional Change in the Ottoman Empire and France,” in The Journal of Economic History Vol. 63, No. 9, 2009.
  Sherry Lee Williams, “Ottoman Land Policy and Social Change: The Syrian Provinces,” in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Vol. 35, No. 1, 1981.

Kategori:Masyarakat Utsmaniyah