Muhtasib

Muhtasib () adalah seseorang yang bertugas melaksanakan hisbah, yaitu kewajiban amar makruf nahi mungkar ("menegakkan yang benar dan melarang yang mungkar"). Di negara-negara Islam pada Abad Pertengahan dan Periode Modern Awal, tugas ini dijalankan oleh lembaga publik yang disebut Ihtisāb (). Lembaga semacam ini dapat ditemu di Maroko, Pakistan, dan Aceh saat ini.

Muhtasib pertama diangkat di Irak pada abad kedelapan. Muhtasib diangkat oleh penguasa, wazir, atau qadi, dan kadang juga dibantu oleh petugas-petugas lainnya. Muhtasib aktif di tempat-tempat umum, seperti pasar, tempat pemandian, masjid, dan kuburan. Muhtasib juga dapat menghukum mereka yang melanggar hukum Islam.

 Lihat pula 
 Muhtasib di Aceh

 Bacaan lanjut 
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 Ahmad ʿAbd ar-Rāziq: Les muḥtasibs de Fosṭaṭ au temps des mamluks in Annales Islamologiques 14 (1978) 127–146. PDF
 Tarik M. Al-Soliman: Management and Supervision of Public Environments. The Role of the Muhtaseb in the Market of the Early Muslim Community in Habitat International 12/2 (1988) 43–52.
 Nicoară Beldiceanu: Recherche sur la Ville Ottomane au XVe Siècle. Étude et Actes. Adrien Maisonneuve, Paris, 1973. S. 73–81.
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 Roger Le Tourneau: Fès avant le protectorat. Étude économique et sociale d’une ville de l’occident Musulman. SMLE, Casablanca, 1949. S. 212–214, 293–295.
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 Joseph Sadan: A new source of the Būyid Period in Israel Oriental Studies 9 (1979) 355–376.
 R.B. Serjeant: A Zaidī Manual of Ḥisbah of the 3rd century (H) in Rivista degli Studi Orientali 28 (1953) 1–34.
 Boaz Shoshan: Fatimid Grain Policy and the Post of the Muhtasib in International Journal of Middle East Studies 13 (1981) 181–189.
 M.Z. Siddiqi: The Muhtasib under Aurangzeb in Medieval India Quarterly 5 (1963) 113–119.
 Kristen Stilt: Islamic law in action: authority, discretion, and everyday experiences in Mamluk Egypt. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2011. S. 38–72.
 Richard Wittmann: The muḥtasib in Seljuq times: insights from four chancery manuals in Harvard middle eastern and Islamic review 7 (2006) 108–128.
 Michèle Zirari-Devif: La „hisba“ au Maroc: hier et aujourd’hui in Hervé Bleuchot: Les institutions traditionelles dans le monde arabe. Karthala, Paris, 1996. S. 71–85.
 Niqūlā Ziyāda: Al-Ḥisba wa-l-muḥtasib fī l-islām. Imprimerie Catholique, Beirut, 1962.

Kategori:Hukum Islam