Daftar Ibu Kota Myanmar

Ibu kota Myanmar (Burma) saat ini adalah Naypyidaw. Berikut ini adalah daftar ibu kota politik negara yang dikenal dalam Sejarah Myanmar dari abad ke-9 hingga saat ini. Daftar ini disusun dalam urutan dinasti dan kronologis. Ibu kota nasional ditampilkan dalam huruf tebal

 Daftar ibu kota 

 Negara Ibu kota Periode Lamanya Catatan Kerajaan Pagan Pagan (Bagan) 23 Desember 849 – 17 Desember 1297  The date of fortification (6th waxing of Pyatho 211 ME) per Zatadawbon Yazawin (Zata 1960: 41) given as the date of foundation. Zata (Zata 1960: 53) says the city of Arimaddana was founded in 190 CE (Sunday, 15th waxing of Tagu 112 Pyu Era) while the palace was moved to Thiri Pyissaya in 390 (Thursday, 1st waxing of Pyatho 312 Pyu Era). Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 185–188) gives 107 CE as the date of foundation of Pagan. According to scholarship, Pagan was founded in mid-to-late 9th century, and fortified in the late 10th century at the earliest. (Aung-Thwin 2005: 185): radiocarbon dating shows the earliest human settlement in Pagan dates only to c. 650 CE. (Aung-Thwin 2005: 38): radiocarbon dating of Pagan's surviving walls yields dates no earlier than 980 CE, with more likely dates c. 1020 CE. It means the Pyu Era dates claimed by Zata may  have been Burmese Era dates. If true, Pagan was founded on 16 March 751 (15th waxing of Late Tagu 112 ME) and the palace was moved to Thiri Pyissaya on 12 December 950 (1st waxing of Pyatho 312 ME).  (Than Tun 1959: 119–120): King Kyawswa was dethroned on 17 December 1297 (13th waxing of Pyatho 659) according to inscriptional evidence. Chinese records show that the dethronement occurred in June–July 1298. Kerajaan Myinsaing  Myinsaing, Mekkhaya dan Pinle  17 Desember 1297 – 13 April 1310  (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 369) states that King Yazathingyan, ruler of Mekkhaya, died after having reigned for five years. But (Than Tun 1959: 123) quotes an inscription which says two brothers Yazathingyan and Thihathu were still alive after the eldest brother Athinhkaya died on 13 April 1310. Pinle  13 April 1310 – 7 Februari 1313  Kerajaan Pinya  Pinya    (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 370) gives Wednesday, 15th waxing of Tabaung 674 ME, which to
 Saturday, 10 February 1313. But 15th waxing is most probably a copying error since it is highly uncommon to say 15th waxing instead of full moon. The date was probably 12th waxing of Tabaung, which correctly translates to Wednesday, 7 February 1313. Burmese numerals 2 () and 5 () are similar and can easily be miscopied. Kerajaan Sagaing Sagaing 15 Mei 1315 – 26 Februari 1365  (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 375): Saw Yun began his reign at Sagaing on 12th waxing of Nayon 677 ME (15 May 1315). Kerajaan Ava Ava (Inwa)  26 Februari 1365 – 22 Januari 1555  Ava fell to Toungoo forces on 22 January 1555 (Tuesday, 2nd waxing of Tabaung 916 ME) per (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 221). Ava had two prior dynastic changes both wrought by the men from Mohnyin. The founding Thado Minbya dynasty () fell on 20 May 1426 (14th waxing of Nayon 788 ME) to forces led by Mohnyin Thado per (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 62). The Mohnyin dynasty () in turn fell to the forces of the Confederation of Shan States led by Sawlon on 14 March 1527 (12th waxing of Late Tagu 888 ME) per (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 113). Prome iyotanan Prome (Pyay) c. November 1482 – 19 Mei 1542 59 tahun, 6+ bulan (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 213): 5th waxing of Nayon 904 = 19 May 1542 Kerajaan Hanthawaddy  Martaban (Mottama)  4 April 1287 –  Februari 1364 76+ tahun (Pan Hla 2004: 25–26) says per Mon records King Wareru proclaimed independence on Thursday, 6th waning of Tagu 648 ME (16 March 1286). But 648 ME is most probably a typographical error. The date is more likely 6th waning of Tagu 649 ME (4 April 1287) since Mon records themselves say Wareru, who was born on 20 March 1253, came to power at age 34 (35th year). Moreover, Burmese records recognize Full moon of Tabodwe 649 (18 January 1288), which Pan Hla conjectures as the date of coronation. Donwun  by 29 Maret 1364 – 1369 5+ tahun (Phayre 1967: 66) says King Saw Zein moved his capital to Pegu soon after he came to power in Thadingyut 685 ME (31 August 1323 to 28 September 1323). (Pan Hla 2004: 39–41) only states Saw Zein first had to reacquire Pegu but does not mention a move. According to Pan Hla, Saw Zein' successor ascended the throne at Martaban in 1330. As for the move to Donwun, (Pan Hla 2005: 57–59) gives 725 ME (1363/64). (Pan Hla 2005: 48) says that King Binnya U learned of the coup at the Martaban palace four months into his hunting trip. Since the trip most probably began after the end of the Buddhist Lent on 22 September 1363 (full moon of Thadingyut 725 ME), the earliest he learned of the rebellion would be around January 1364. If he began the trip only after the rainy season was over,  November 1363, he might have learned of the rebellion only in March 1364. Harvey 1925: 368 Pegu (Bago)  1369 –  November 1538 169+ tahun Chronicles give only 900 ME (30 March 1538 to 29 March 1539) as the date when Pegu fell to Toungoo forces. (Harvey 1925: 368) translates that to year 1539. (Harvey 1925) generally adds 639 when translating from the Burmese calendar to the Western calendar for Ava and early Toungoo periods, which is highly inaccurate. (The Burmese calendar straddles the Western year. In the 16th century, a little over 75% of the Burmese year fell on the Western year arrived at by adding 638. The book does revert to adding 638 in later periods.) Nonetheless many history books on Burma follow (Harvey 1925)'s dates. (Than Tun's books are an exception.) The date Pegu fell is almost always given as 1539 in Western history books although the actual chronicle text clearly indicates that Pegu fell early in the dry season of 1538–1539 (probably c. November/December 1538), and plenty of fighting ensued after Pegu's fall. Pegu unahan sa june 123
 – 12 Maret 1552 1 tahun, 8+ bulan (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 197): Smim Sawhtut took over Pegu a little over a month and i love you juliana pusing by adrianne hahaha Tabinshwehti's assassination on 30 April 1550. Per the Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 339), Bayinnaung took Pegu on 12 March 1552 (Saturday, 3rd waning of Late Tagu 913 ME). Kerajaan Mrauk-U  Launggyet  18 April 1429 – 16 November 1430  Rakhine Razawin Thit (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 11) says Min Saw Mon took Launggyet on Thursday, 1st waning of Kason 791, which translates to Monday, 18 April 1429. Mrauk-U  16 November 1430 – 2 Januari 1785  The founding date of Mrauk-U appears differently in different sources. The Burmese encyclopedia (Myanma Swezon Kyan Vol. 9 1964: 425) gives the date as Sunday, 1st waxing of Natdaw 792 ME (16 November 1430). But (Harvey 1925: 139) gives 1433, and (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 13) gives Sunday, 1st waxing of Tawthalin 792 ME (20 August 1430). (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 2 2004: 2-25): Sunday, 8th waning of Pyatho 1146 ME = 2 January 1785 Dinasti Toungoo  Toungoo (Taungoo)  16 Oktober 1510 – 1539 28–29 tahun (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 179): Mingyi Nyo declared independence from Ava on Tuesday, Full moon of Tazaungmon 872 ME, which translates to Wednesday, 16 October 1510. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 196): Tabinshwehti moved his capital to Pegu in 901 ME (30 March 1539 to 29 March 1540). Pegu  1539 – 30 April 1550 ~11 tahun (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 257): Wednesday, 1st waning of Kason 912 = 30 April 1550 Toungoo  11 Januari 1551 – 12 Maret 1552  (Maha Yazawin 2006: 201): Bayinnaung took Toungoo on 11 January 1551 (Sunday, 5th waxing of Tabodwe 912 ME). (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 339): He took Pegu, and moved his capital on 12 March 1552 (Saturday, 3rd waning of Late Tagu 913 ME). Pegu  12 Maret 1552 – 19 Desember 1599  (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 102): Sunday, 4th waxing of Pyatho 961 = 19 December 1599 Ava  19 Desember 1599 – 14 Mei 1613  (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 172–173): The Burmese chronicles do not state that King Anaukpetlun officially moved the capital to Pegu. But Anaukpetlun arrived at Pegu in early May 1613 as part of his war operations and hosted the first function at his temporary palace on 14 May 1613 (10th waning of Kason 975). He did not go back to Ava afterwards. Pegu  14 Mei 1613 – 25 Januari 1635  (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 223): 7th waxing of Tabodwe 996 = 25 January 1635 Ava  25 Januari 1635 – 23 Maret 1752  (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 392): 8th waxing of Old Tagu 1113 = 23 March 1752 Pemulihan Kerajaan Hanthawaddy Pegu November 1740 – 6 Mei 1757 16 tahun, 6 bulan (Zata 1960: 44): Natdaw 1102 ME = 19 November 1740 to 17 December 1740(Maung Maung Tin Vol. 1 2004: 128): 4th waning of Kason 1119 = 6 May 1757 Dinasti Konbaung  Shwebo  29 Februari 1752 –  26 Juli 1760  (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 1 2004: 52): Full moon of Tabaung 1113 = 29 February 1752 Buyers: King Naungdawgyi Sagaing   26 Juli 1760 – 23 Juli 1765  (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 1 2004: 278): Tuesday, 7th waxing of Wagaung 1127 = 23 July 1765 Ava  23 Juli 1765 – 13 Mei 1783  (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 1 2004: 395): Tuesday, 13th waxing of Nayon 1145 = 13 May 1783 Amarapura  13 Mei 1783 – 22 November 1821  (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 2 2004: 223): Thursday, 13th waning of Thadingyut 1183 = 22 November 1821 Ava  22 November 1821 – 10 Februari 1842  (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 3 2004: 33): 1st waxing of Tabaung 1203 = 10 February 1842 Amarapura  10 Februari 1842  – 23 Mei 1859  (Maung Maung Tin Vol. 3 2004: 193): Monday, 7th waning of Kason 1221 = 23 May 1859 Mandalay  23 Mei 1859 – 29 November 1885  Htin Aung 1967: 263 Burma Britania  Mawlamyine (Moulmein) dan  Sittwe (Akyab)  24 Februari 1826 – 20 Desember 1852  Mawlamyaing/Moulmein was the capital of the Tenesserim Division while Sittwe/Akyab was that of the Arakan Division of British India. The start date is counted from the date of signing of the Treaty of Yandabo. Arakan, Tenasserim and Pegu were united as British Burma within British India on 31 January 1862. Mawlamyine  Sittwe  Yangon (Rangoon)  20 Desember 1852 – 31 Januari 1862  Yangon/Rangoon became the capital of Pegu Division after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. Yangon  31 Januari 1862 – 7 Maret 1942  Yangon became the capital of the Province of Burma of British India on 31 January 1862. Yangon  3 Mei 1945 – 4 Januari 1948  Burma Jepang Yangon 7 Maret 1942 – 3 Mei 1945   Myanmar  Yangon  4 Januari 1948 – 6 November 2005  Nay Pyi Taw  6 November 2006 – sekarang  

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