Kejatuhan pemancingan bakalau barat laut Atlantik

Pada 1992, Menteri Perikanan dan Samudera Kanada, John Crosbie, medeklarasikan moratorium terhadap perikanan bakalau Utara, yang selama 500 tahun sebelumnya banyak mengubah kehidupan dan komunitas di pantai timur Kanada. Masyarakat perikanan bermain dengan sumber daya yang mereka gantungkan: perikanan mengubah ekosistem, yang menekan perikanan dan masyarakat untuk beradaptasi.Hamilton et al., 195. Pada musim panas 1992, saat biomassa bakalau Atlantik jatuh sampai 1% dari tingkat sebelumnya,Hamilton and Butler, 1. pemerintah federal Kanada menyoroti bahwa hubungan ini telah menekan titik kejatuhan, dan mendeklarasikan moratorium, mengakhiri penangkapan bakalau Utara di kawasan tersebut yang telah berlangsung selama 500 tahun.

 Catatan 

 Referensi 
 Cochrane, Kevern. "Reconciling Sustainability, Economic Efficiency and Equity in Fisheries: the One that Got Away." Fish and Fisheries 1 (2000): 3-21.
 Dayton, Paul, et al. "Environmental Effects of Marine Fishing." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 5 (1995): 205-232.
 Dolan, Holly, et al. "Restructuring and Health in Canadian Coastal Communities." EcoHealth 2 (2005): 195-208.
 Gien, Lan. "Land and Sea Connection: The East Coast Fishery Closure, Unemployment and Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health 91.2 (2000): 121-124.
 Hamilton, Lawrence, and Melissa J. Butler. "Outport Adaptations: Social Indicators through Newfoundland's Cod Crisis." Human Ecology Review 8.2 (2001): 1-11.
 Hamilton, Lawrence, et al. "Above and Below the Water: Social/Ecological Transformation in Northwest Newfoundland." Population and Environment 25.3 (2004): 195-215.
 Hutchings, Jeffrey. "Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Density of Northern Cod a Review of Hypotheses for the Stock's Collapse." Canadian Journal of Aquatic Science 53 (1996): 943-962.
 Keating, Michael. "Media, fish and Sustainability." National Round Table on Environment and Economy Februari (1994).
 Kennedy, John. "At the Crossroads: Newfoundland and Labrador Communities in a Changing International Context." The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 34.3 (1997): 297-318.
 MacDowell, L. (2012). Chapter 12: Coastal Fisheries. In An Environmental History of Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press.

 Bacaan tambahan 
 Harris, Michael. Lament for an Ocean: The Collapse of the Atlantic Cod Fishery (1998), McClelland & Stewart, 
[Norman Holy (aktivis)], "Deserted Ocean - 1000 year history of fishing in the Northwest Atlantic" (2009), Authorhouse, 

Kategori:Perikanan