Bonus Army

Bonus Army adalah nama untuk sekelompok dari sekitar 43,000 pengunjuk rasa—17,000 veteran Perang Dunia I AS, keluarga mereka, dan kelompok yang berafiliasi—yang berkumpul di Washington, D.C. pada musim panas 1932 untuk meminta tebusan bayaran tunai dari sertifikat jasa mereka. Para penyelenggara menyebut para pengunjuk rasa tersebut dengan sebutan "Bonus Expeditionary Force", yang merujuk kepada plesetan nama dari American Expeditionary Forces pada Perang Dunia I, sementara media menyebut mereka "Bonus Army" atau "Bonus Marchers". Kelompok tersebut dipimpin oleh Walter W. Waters, seorang mantan sersan.

 Catatan 

 Daftar pustaka 
 Burner, David. (1979). Herbert Hoover: A Public Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. .
 Daniels, Roger. (1971). The Bonus March: An Episode of the Great Depression. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. 
 Dickson, Paul, and Thomas B. Allen. (2004). The Bonus Army: An American Epic. New York: Walker and Company. .
 Dickson, Paul, and Thomas B. Allen. "Marching On History," in Smithsonian, February 2003
 James, D. Clayton. (1970). The Years of MacArthur, Volume I, 1880–1941. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 

 Lisio, Donald J. (1974). The President and Protest: Hoover, Conspiracy, and the Bonus Riot. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. 
 Smith, Richard Norton. (1984). An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover. New York: Simon & Schuster. .
 Liebovich, Louis W. (1994). Bylines in Despair: Herbert Hoover, the Great Depression, and the U.S. News Media 
 Bennett, Michael J. (1999). When Dreams Come True: The GI Bill and the Making of Modern America 
 Perret, Geoffrey (1996). "MacArthur and the Marchers" in MHQ: the Quarterly Journal of Military History. Vol 8, No 2 American Historical Publication, Inc

 Bacaan tambahan 
 Morrow, Felix. (1932). The Bonus March. International Pamphlets No. 31. New York: International Publishers. 
 Ortiz, Stephen R. 2006. "Rethinking the Bonus March: Federal Bonus Policy, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Origins of a Protest Movement". Journal of Policy History. 18, no. 3: 275–303.
 Rawl, Michael J. (2006). Anacostia Flats. Baltimore: Publish America. .
 Smith, Gene. (1970). The Shattered Dream: Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression. New York: William Morrow and Company. 

 Pranala luar 


 The Bonus Army (EyeWitness to History)
 Vets Owe Debt to WWI's "Bonus Army from military.com
 FBI file on the Bonus Army
 The Sad Tale of the Bonus Marchers
 Memory: The Bonus Army March, Library of Congress
 Paul Dickson & Thomas B. Allen on  The Bonus Army: An American Epic, a lecture recorded at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library

Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1932