Gerakan Kesadaran Kulit Hitam

Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) adalah sebuah gerakan aktivis anti-Apartheid akar rumput yang muncul di Afrika Selatan pada pertengahan 1960an saat keluar dari vakum politik yang dibuat dengan menahan dan mencekal kepemimpinan Kongres Nasional Afrika dan Kongres Pan Afrikanis setelah Pembantaian Sharpeville pada 1960.THE SHARPEVILLE MASSACRE: Its historic significance in the struggle against apartheid by David M. Sibeko BCM mewakili gerakan politik untuk hati nurani politik.

 Referensi 

 Bacaan tambahan 
 Taylor Branch, At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–68, Simon & Schuster, 2006.
 Amatoritsero (Godwin) Ede, The Black Consciousness Movement in South African Literature.
 George M. Fredrickson (1981), White Supremacy: a Comparative Study of American and South African History, Oxford University Press USA, 1995.
 Gail M. Gerhart, Black Power in South Africa: the Evolution of an Ideology, University of California Press, 1979.
 Thomas G. Karis, Gail M. Gerhart, From Protest to Challenge: Nadir and Resurgence, 1964-1979, vol. 5: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa 1882 - 1990, Unisa Press, 1997.

 Pranala luar 
 The BCM in South African literature 
 Interview with Mamphela Ramphele 
 The relevance of Black Consciousness today , 2010
 Black Consciousness in Dialogue: Steve Biko, Richard Turner and the ‘Durban Moment’ in South Africa, 1970 – 1974, Ian McQueen, SOAS, 2009
 "Tribute: Strini Moodley's Legacy" Economic and Political Weekly, 3 June 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
 Columbia University research page on the BCM. 
 Bikoism or Mbekism? Thesis on Biko's Black Consciousness in contemporary South Africa
 Black Consciousness in South Africa, by Nigel Gibson
 New introduction to Biko's I Write What I Like , by Lewis Gordon, 2007
 Steve Biko: The Black Consciousness Movement