Daftar hitam Hollywood

Daftar hitam Hollywood—atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai daftar hitam industri hiburan—adalah praktik penolakan pekerjaan terhadap para penulis latar, aktor, sutradara, musisi, dan anggota profesional dunia hiburan Amerika lainnya pada pertengahan abad ke-20 karena mereka dituduh simpatisan atau berhubungan dengan Komunis. Para artisditarik dari pekerjaannya atas dasar tuduhan keanggotaan mereka dalam atau bersimpati dengan Partai Komunis AS atau menolak untuk ikut penyelidikan dalam aktivitas partai tersebut. Bahkan pada masa penegakan terkuatnya, akhir 1940an sampai akhir 1950an, daftar hitam-nya terkadang eksplisit atau terverifiabel, tetapi langsung menghancurkan karier orang-orang dalam industri film.

Daftar hitam Hollywood sistematis pertama dilembagakan pada 24 November 1947, sehari setelah sepuluh penulis dan sutradara dikutip kontem Kongres karena menolak pentestifikasian untuk House Un-American Activities Committee. Sekelompok eksekutif studio, yang bertindak di bawah naungan Motion Picture Association of America, membela artis-artis tersebut—yang disebut Hollywood Ten—dan menjadi dikenal sebagai Pernyataan Waldorf.

Pada 22 Juni 1950, sebuah pamflet berjudul Red Channels diterbitkan. Berfokus pada bidang penyiaran, pamflet tersebut mengidentifikasikan 151 anggota profesional industri hiburan dalam konteks "Fasis Merah dan simpatisan mereka". Kemudian, kebanyakan dari mereka, bersama dengan pembawa acara dari artis lainnya, dikeluarkan dari pekerjaan dalam sebagian besar bidang dunia hiburan.

Daftar hitam berlanjut sampai 1960, saat Dalton Trumbo, seorang anggota Partai Komunis dari 1943 sampai 1948Victor Navasky, Naming Names, New York: Viking, 2003
dan anggota Hollywood Ten, diangkat sebagai penulis latar dari film yang sangat sukses Exodus, dan kemudian secara terbuka diketahui oleh aktor Kirk Douglas karena menulis permainan latar untuk film Spartacus.ref blacklist Kirk Douglas, "My Spartacus Broke All the Rules", the Telegraph Namun, sejumlah orang yang masuk daftar hitam masih ditolak bekerja dalam profesi-profesi mereka selama bertahun-tahun setelahnya.

 Hollywood Ten dan orang-orang yang masuk daftar hitam lainnya pada 1947 

 Hollywood Ten 

Berikut ini adalah sepuluh orang yang dikutip kontem Kongres dan dimasukkan daftar hitam setelah menolak menjawab pertanyaan tentang tuduhan keterlibatan mereka dengan Partai Komunis:
 Alvah Bessie, penulis latar
 Herbert Biberman, penulis latar dan sutradara
 Lester Cole, penulis latar
 Edward Dmytryk, sutradara
 Ring Lardner Jr., penulis latar
 John Howard Lawson, penulis latar
 Albert Maltz, penulis latar
 Samuel Ornitz, penulis latar
 Adrian Scott, produser dan penulis latar
 Dalton Trumbo, penulis latar

 Lain-lain 

 Hanns Eisler, komposerHerman (1997), p. 356; Dick (1989), p. 7.
 Bernard Gordon, penulis latarGordon (1999), p. 16.
 Joan LaCour Scott, penulis latarCeplair and Englund (2003), p. 403; Goldstein (1999).

 Orang-orang yang masuk daftar hitam antara Januari 1948 dan Juni 1950 
(yang berbintang menandakan orang yang juga masuk dalam Red Channels)
 Ben Barzman, penulis latarCeplair and Englund (2003), p. 401.
 Paul Draper, aktor dan penari*Everitt (2007), p. 53.
 Sheridan Gibney, penulis latarNavasky (1980), p. 88.
 Paul Green, pengarang drama dan penulis latarWard and Butler (2008), pp. 178–79.
 Lillian Hellman, pengarang drama dan penulis latar*Newman (1989), p. 140.
 Canada Lee, aktorHorne (2006), pp. 204–5, 224; Goudsouzian (2004), p. 88.
 Paul Robeson, aktor dan penyanyiGill (2000), pp. 50–52.
 Edwin Rolfe, penulis latar dan penyairNelson and Hendricks (1990), p. 53.
 William Sweets, penyiar radio*Cogley (1956), pp. 25–28.
 Richard Wright, penulis

 Daftar Red Channels 
(lihat, e.g., Schrecker [2002], p. 244; Barnouw [1990], pp. 122–24)

 Larry Adler, aktor dan musisi
 Luther Adler, aktor dan sutradara
 Stella Adler, aktor dan guru
 Edith Atwater, aktor
 Howard Bay, perancang latar
 Ralph Bell, aktor
 Leonard Bernstein, komposer dan konduktor
 Walter Bernstein, penulis latar
 Michael Blankfort, penulis latar
 Marc Blitzstein, komposer
 True Boardman, penulis latar
 Millen Brand, penulis
 Oscar Brand, penyanyi foklor
 Joseph Edward Bromberg, aktor
 Himan Brown, produser dan sutradara
 John Brown, aktor
 Abe Burrows, pengarang drama dan pembuat lirik
 Morris Carnovsky, aktor
 Cliff Carpenter, aktor
 Vera Caspary, penulis
 Edward Chodorov, penulis latar dan produser
 Jerome Chodorov, penulis
 Mady Christians, aktor
 Lee J. Cobb, aktor
 Marc Connelly, pengarang drama
 Aaron Copland, komposer
 Norman Corwin, penulis
 Howard Da Silva, aktor
 Roger De Koven, aktor
 Dean Dixon, konduktor
 Olin Downes, kritikus musik
 Alfred Drake, aktor dan penyanyi
 Paul Draper, aktor dan penari
 Howard Duff, aktor
 Clifford J. Durr, jaksa
 Richard Dyer-Bennet, penyanyi foklor
 José Ferrer, aktor
 Louise Fitch (Lewis), aktor
 Martin Gabel, aktor
 Arthur Gaeth, komentator radio
 William S. Gailmor, jurnalis dan komentator radio
 John Garfield, aktor
 Will Geer, aktor
 Jack Gilford, aktor dan komedian
 Tom Glazer, penyanyi foklor
 Ruth Gordon, aktor dan penulis latar
 Lloyd Gough, aktor
 Morton Gould, pianis dan komposer
 Shirley Graham, penulis
 Ben Grauer, pembawa acara radio dan TV
 Mitchell Grayson, sutradara dan produser radio
 Horace Grenell, konduktor dan produser musik

 Uta Hagen, aktor dan guru
 Dashiell Hammett, penulis
 E. Y. "Yip" Harburg, pembuat lirik
 Robert P. Heller, jurnalis televisi
 Lillian Hellman, pengarang drama dan penulis latar
 Jon Hering, intern
 Nat Hiken, penulis dan produser
 Rose Hobart, aktor
 Judy Holliday, aktor dan komedian
 Roderick B. Holmgren, jurnalis
 Lena Horne, penyanyi dan aktor
 Langston Hughes, penulis
 Marsha Hunt, aktor
 Leo Hurwitz, sutradara
 Charles Irving, aktor
 Burl Ives, penyanyi foklor dan aktor
 Sam Jaffe, aktor
 Leon Janney, aktor
 Joe Julian, aktor
 Garson Kanin, penulis dan sutradara
 George Keane, aktor
 Donna Keath, aktor radio
 Pert Kelton, aktor
 Alexander Kendrick, jurnalis dan pengarang
 Adelaide Klein, aktor
 Howard Koch, penulis latar
 Tony Kraber, aktor
 Millard Lampell, penulis latar
 John La Touche, pembuat lirik
 Arthur Laurents, penulis
 Gypsy Rose Lee, aktor dan ekdisias
 Madeline Lee, aktris
 Ray Lev, pianis klasik
 Philip Loeb, aktor
 Ella Logan, aktor dan penyanyi
 Alan Lomax, folkloris dan musikologis
 Avon Long, aktor dan penyanyi
 Joseph Losey, sutradara
 Peter Lyon, penulis televisi
 Aline MacMahon, aktor
 Paul Mann, sutradara dan guru
 Margo, aktor dan penari
 Myron McCormick, aktor
 Paul McGrath, aktor radio
 Burgess Meredith, aktor
 Arthur Miller, pengarang drama
 Henry Morgan, aktor
 Zero Mostel, aktor dan komedian
 Jean Muir, aktor
 Meg Mundy, aktor
 Lyn Murray, komposer dan pemimpin paduan suara

 Ben Myers, jaksa
 Dorothy Parker, penulis
 George Pepper, produserhttps://books.google.com/books?id=HvC3WaGZF3UC&pg=PA218&lpg=PA218&dq=ceplair+george+pepper&source=bl&ots=Ep3qCwB9b2&sig=3cho2HcWTwjo2N68tJwluagSwkQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjii4nNkKLPAhUB5WMKHfCpBm4Q6AEIQDAH#v=onepage&q=ceplair%20george%20pepper&f=false
 Jeanette Pepper, ekonomis
 Arnold Perl, produser dan penulis
 Minerva Pious, aktor
 Samson Raphaelson, penulis latar dan pengarang drama
 Bernard Reis, akuntan
 Anne Revere, aktor
 Kenneth Roberts, penulis
 Earl Robinson, komposer dan pembuat lirik
 Edward G. Robinson, aktor
 William N. Robson, penulis radio dan TV
 Harold Rome, komposer dan pembuat lirik
 Norman Rosten, penulis
 Selena Royle, aktor
 Coby Ruskin, sutradara TV
 Robert William St. John, jurnalis, penyiar
 Hazel Scott, musisi jazz dan klasik
 Pete Seeger, penyanyi foklor
 Lisa Sergio, pembawa acara radio
 Artie Shaw, musisi jazz musisi
 Irwin Shaw, penulis, pengarang drama
 Robert Lewis Shayon, mantan presiden badan direktur radio dan TV
 Ann Shepherd, aktor
 William L. Shirer, jurnalis, penyiar
 Allan Sloane, penulis radio dan TV
 Howard K. Smith, jurnalis, penyiar
 Gale Sondergaard, aktor
 Hester Sondergaard, aktor
 Lionel Stander, aktor
 Johannes Steel, jurnalis, komentator radio
 Paul Stewart, aktor
 Elliott Sullivan, aktor
 William Sweets, pembawa acara radio
 Helen Tamiris, koreografer
 Betty Todd, sutradara
 Louis Untermeyer, penyair
 Hilda Vaughn, aktor
 J. Raymond Walsh, komentator radio
 Sam Wanamaker, aktor
 Theodore Ward, pengarang drama
 Fredi Washington, aktor
 Margaret Webster, aktor, sutradara dan produser
 Orson Welles, aktor, penulis dan sutradara
 Josh White, musisi blues
 Irene Wicker, penyanyi dan aktor
 Betty Winkler (Keane), aktor
 Martin Wolfson, aktor
 Lesley Woods, aktor
 Richard Yaffe, jurnalis, penyiar

 Orang-orang lainnya yang mula-mula masuk daftar hitam setelah Juni 1950 

 Eddie Albert, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 188.
 Lew Amster, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 28.
 Richard Attenborough, aktor, sutradara dan produserBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 253.
 Norma Barzman, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 159.
 Sol Barzman, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 146.
 Orson Bean, aktorFaulk (1963), p. 7.
 Albert Bein, penulis latar
 Harry Belafonte, aktor dan penyanyiMcGill (2005), pp. 249–50; Ward (1998), p. 323; Cogley (1956), pp. 8–9.
 Barbara Bel Geddes, aktrisKatz (1994), p. 106.
 Ben Bengal, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 50.
 Seymour Bennett, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 123.
 Leonardo Bercovici, penulis latar
 Herschel Bernardi, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 42.
 John Berry, aktor, penulis latar dan sutradaraDenning (1998), p. 374; Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 108.
 Henry Blankfort, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 31.
 Laurie Blankfort, artis
 Roman Bohnen, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 49.
 Allen Boretz, penulis latar and songwriterBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 83.
 Phoebe Brand, aktrisSchwartz, J. (1999); Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 50.
 John Bright, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 2.
 Phil Brown, aktorBarzman (2004), p. 449.
 Harold Buchman, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 22.
 Sidney Buchman, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 128.
 Luis Buñuel, sutradara
 Val Burton, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 17.
 Hugo Butler, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 22.
 Alan Campbell, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 129.
 Charles Chaplin, aktor, sutradara dan produserKatz (1994), p. 241.
 Maurice Clark, penulis latarNavasky (1980), p. 283.
 Richard Collins, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 73.
 Charles Collingwood, komentator radioFaulk (1963), pp. 7–8.
 Dorothy Comingore, aktrisDenning (1998), p. 374; Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 20.
 Jeff Corey, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 77.
 George Corey, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 151.
 Irwin Corey, aktor dan komedianSullivan (2010), p. 64.
 Oliver Crawford, penulis latarTimes (2008).
 John Cromwell, sutradaraLumenick 2007a.
 Charles Dagget, animatorCohen (2004), p. 178.
 Danny Dare, koreograferBoyer (1996); Cogley (1956), p. 124.
 Jules Dassin, sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 105.
 Ossie Davis, aktor
 Ruby Dee, aktrishttp://brbl-archive.library.yale.edu/exhibitions/cvvpw/gallery/dee1.html
 Dolores del Río, aktrisRamón (1997), p. 44.
 Karen DeWolf, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 5.
 Howard Dimsdale, penulisBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 250.
 Ludwig Donath, aktor
 Arnaud d'Usseau, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 83.
 Phil Eastman, penulis kartunCohen (2004), pp. 178–81.
 Leslie Edgley, penulis latarNavasky (1980), p. 282.
 Edward Eliscu, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 7.
 Faith Elliott, animatorBarzman (2004), p. 89.
 Cy Endfield, penulis latar dan sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 137.
 Guy Endore, penulis latar
 Francis Edward Faragoh, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 14.
 Frances Farmer, aktris
 Howard Fast, penulisBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 48.
 John Henry Faulk, pembawa acara radioFaulk (1963), pp. 6–7.
 Jerry Fielding, komposer
 Carl Foreman, produser dan penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. xi.
 Anne Froelick, penulis latar
 Lester Fuller, sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 251.
 Bert Gilden, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 105.
 Lee Gold, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 139.
 Harold Goldman, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 16.
 Michael Gordon, sutradaraDick (1982), p. 80.
 Jay Gorney, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 96.
 Lee Grant, aktrisBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 31.
 Morton Grant, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 13.
 Anne Green, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 95.
 Jack T. Gross, produserBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 37.
 Margaret Gruen, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 164.
 David Hilberman, animatorCohen (2004), pp. 172–76.
 Tamara Hovey, penulis latar
 John Hubley, animatorCohen (2004), pp. 178, 181–83.
 Edward Huebsch, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 18.
 Ian McLellan Hunter, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 86.
 Kim Hunter, aktrisBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. viii.
 John Ireland, aktor
 Daniel James, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 80.
 Walter Elias Disney
 Paul Jarrico, produser and penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 134.
 Gordon Kahn, penulis latar
 Victor Kilian, aktorGraulich and Tatum (2003), p. 115.
 Sidney Kingsley, pengarang dramaZecker (2007), p. 106.
 Alexander Knox, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 194.
 Mickey Knox, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 106.
 Lester Koenig, produserHerman (1997), p. 356.
 Charles Korvin, aktorKorvin (1997).
 Hy Kraft, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 39.
 Constance Lee, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 24.
 Will Lee, aktor dan komika
 Robert Lees, penulis latar
 Carl Lerner, penyunting dan sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 150.
 Irving Lerner, sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 53.
 Sam Levene, aktorhttps://books.google.com/books?id=bXSdUTdA_dUC&pg=PA163
 Lewis Leverett, aktorSchwartz (1999).
 Alfred Lewis Levitt, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 130.
 Helen Slote Levitt, penulis latar
 Mitch Lindemann, penulis latar
 Norman Lloyd, aktorDenning (1998), p. 374; Lumenick (2007b).
 Ben Maddow, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 110.
 Arnold Manoff, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 20.
 John McGrew, animatorCohen (2004), pp. 172–73178.
 Ruth McKenney, penulisBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 142.
 Bill Meléndez, animatorCohen (2004), pp. 178–79, 186.
 John "Skins" Miller, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 8.
 Paula Miller, aktris
 Josef Mischel, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 110.
 Karen Morley, aktrisBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 78.
 Henry Myers, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 26.
 Mortimer Offner, penulis latar
 Alfred Palca, penulis dan produserBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 157.
 Larry Parks, aktorNavasky (1980), pp. 371–73.
 Leo Penn, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 45.
 Irving Pichel, sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 10.
 Louis Pollock, penulis latar
 Abraham Polonsky, penulis latar and director
 William Pomerance, animation executive
 Vladimir Pozner, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 11.
 Stanley Prager, sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 15.
 John Randolph, aktorBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 247.
 Maurice Rapf, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 163.
 Rosaura Revueltas, aktrisBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 253.
 Robert L. Richards, penulis latar
 Frederic I. Rinaldo, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 1.
 Martin Ritt, aktor dan sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 18.
 W. L. River, penulis latar
 Marguerite Roberts, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 88.
 David Robison, penulis latarLerner (2003), pp. 337–38.
 Naomi Robison, aktris
 Louise Rousseau, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 6.
 Jean Rouverol (Butler), aktris dan penulisBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 142.
 Shimen Ruskin, actor
 Madeleine Ruthven, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 55.
 Waldo Salt, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 208.
 John Sanford, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 101.
 Bill Scott, pengisi suara
 Martha Scott, aktris
 Robert Shayne, aktor
 Joshua Shelley, aktor
 Madeleine Sherwood, aktrisPerebinossoff, Gross, and Gross (2005), p. 9; Kisseloff (1995), p. 416.
 Reuben Ship, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 218.
 Viola Brothers Shore, penulis latar
 George Sklar, pengarang drama
 Art Smith, aktor
 Louis Solomon, penulis latar dan produserBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 63.
 Ray Spencer, penulis latar
 Janet Stevenson, penulis
 Philip Stevenson, penulis
 Donald Ogden Stewart, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 36.
 Arthur Strawn, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 91.
 Bess Taffel, penulis latar
 Julius Tannenbaum, producer
 Frank Tarloff, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 175.
 Shepard Traube, sutradara dan penulis latar
 Dorothy Tree, aktrisBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 47.
 Paul Trivers, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 141.
 George Tyne, aktor
 Michael Uris, penulisBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 90.
 Peter Viertel, penulis latarNavasky (1980), pp. 93–94.
 Bernard Vorhaus, sutradaraBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 9.
 John Weber, produserBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 209.
 Richard Weil, penulis latar
 Hannah Weinstein, produserBuhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 66.
 John Wexley, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 111.
 Michael Wilson, penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. vii.
 Nedrick Young, aktor dan penulis latarBuhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 248.
 Julian Zimet, penulis latar

 Referensi 

Kutipan

Daftar pustaka

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 Jablonski, Edward (1998 [1988]). Gershwin. Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-80847-1
 Johnpoll, Bernard K. (1994). A Documentary History of the Communist Party of the United States, vol. 3. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. ISBN 0-313-28506-3
 Katz, Ephraim (1994). The Film Encyclopedia, 2d ed. New York: HarperPerennial. ISBN 0-06-273089-4
 Kisseloff, Jeff (1995). The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920–1961. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-86470-6
 Korvin, Charles (1997). "Actors Suffered, Too" [letter to the editor], New York Times, May 4 (available online).
 Lasky, Betty (1989). RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All. Santa Monica, California: Roundtable. ISBN 0-915677-41-5
 Lerner, Gerda (2003). Fireweed: A Political Autobiography. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-889-4
 Lumenick, Lou (2007a). "Father's Footsteps", New York Post, February 22 (available online).
 Lumenick, Lou (2007b). "Ask the Old Pro", New York Post, November 23 (available online).
 McGill, Lisa D. (2005). Constructing Black Selves: Caribbean American Narratives and the Second Generation. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-5691-3
 Murphy, Brenda (2003). Congressional Theatre: Dramatizing McCarthyism on Stage, Film, and Television. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-89166-3
 Navasky, Victor S. (1980). Naming Names. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-50393-2
 Nelson, Cary, and Jefferson Hendricks (1990). Edwin Rolfe: A Biographical Essay and Guide to the Rolfe Archive at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01794-3
 Newman, Robert P. (1989). The Cold War Romance of Lillian Hellman and John Melby. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1815-1
 O'Neill, William L. (1990 [1982]). A Better World: Stalinism and the American Intellectuals. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction. ISBN 0-88738-631-8
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 Ramón, David (1997). Dolores del Río. México: Clío. ISBN 968-6932-35-6
 Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television (1950). New York: Counterattack.
 Ross, Stephen J. (ed.) (2002). Movies and American Society. Malden, Mass., and Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-21960-9
 Schrecker, Ellen (2002). The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents. New York: Palgrave. ISBN 0-312-29425-5
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 Smith, Jeff (1999). "'A Good Business Proposition': Dalton Trumbo, Spartacus, and the End of the Blacklist", in Controlling Hollywood: Censorship/Regulation in the Studio Era, ed. Matthew Bernstein. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2707-4
 Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-05880-8
 Sullivan, James (2010). Seven Dirty Words: The Life and Crimes of George Carlin. Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81829-5
 Trumbo, Dalton (1970). Additional Dialogue: Letters of Dalton Trumbo 1942–1962. Manfull, Helen, ed. New York: Evans and Company. ISBN
 "Oliver Crawford: Hollywood Writer", Times (London), October 8, 2008 (available online).
 Verrier, Richard (2011). "Writers Guild Restores Screenplay Credit to Trumbo for 'Roman Holiday'", Los Angeles Times, December 19 (available online).
 Wakeman, John, ed. (1987). World Film Directors—Volume One: 1890–1945. New York: H. W. Wilson. ISBN 0-8242-0757-2
 Ward, Brian (1998). Just My Soul Responding: Rhythm and Blues, Black Consciousness, and Race Relations. London: UCL Press. ISBN 1-85728-138-1
 Ward, Jerry Washington, and Robert Butler (2008). The Richard Wright Encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. ISBN 0-313-31239-7
 Weigand, Kate (2002). Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women's Liberation. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6489-5
 Weinraub, Bernard (2000). "Blacklisted Screenwriters Get Credits", New York Times, August 5.
 Zecker, Robert (2007). Metropolis: The American City in Popular Culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-99712-X

Further reading
 Berg, Sandra (2006). "When Noir Turned Black" (interview with Jules Dassin), Written By (November) (available online Archived version of May 2013).
 Bernstein, Walter (2000). Inside Out: A Memoir of the Blacklist. New York: Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-80936-2
 Briley, Ronald (1994). "Reel History and the Cold War", OAH Magazine of History 8 (winter) (available online Archived version of Jan.2003).
 Georgakas, Dan (1992). "Hollywood Blacklist", in Encyclopedia of the American Left, ed. Mari Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle, and Dan Georgakas. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press (available online). ISBN 0-252-06250-7
 Kahn, Gordon (1948). Hollywood on Trial: The Story of the 10 Who Were Indicted. New York: Boni & Gaer (excerpted online). ISBN 0-405-03921-2
 Leab, Daniel J., with guide by Robert E. Lester (1991). Communist Activity in the Entertainment Industry: FBI Surveillance Files on Hollywood, 1942–1958. Bethesda, Maryland: University Publications of America (available online). ISBN 1-55655-414-1
 Murray, Lawrence L. (1975). "Monsters, Spys, and Subversives: The Film Industry Responds to the Cold War, 1945–1955", Jump Cut 9 (available online).
 Nizer, Louis. (1966). The Jury Returns. New York: Doubleday & Co. ISBN 978-0-671-12505-9
 "Seven-Year Justice", Time, July 6, 1962 (available online ).
 Vaughn, Robert. (2004). Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting, 2nd ed. New York: Proscenium/Limelight Editions. (Originally published New York: Putnam, 1972).ISBN 978-0-87910-081-0

 Pranala luar 
 Albert Maltz's HUAC Testimony transcript of the writer's testimony (preceded by excerpts of actor Ronald Reagan's testimony—see below for link to complete Reagan transcript)
 "Congressional Committees and Unfriendly Witnesses" detailed examination of legal issues involved in HUAC proceedings by historian Ellen Schrecker
 "McCarthy Era Blacklist Victims, Peace Groups, Academics, and Media File Amicus Briefs in CCR Case" news release focused on 2009 brief filed by former blacklistees including Irwin Corey in Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project Supreme Court free speech case
 Ronald Reagan's HUAC Testimony transcript of the actor's testimony of October 23, 1947 (Archived version of Nov. 2004)
 "Seeing Red"  transcript of excerpts from PBS documentary The Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist and interview by NewsHour correspondent Elizabeth Farnsworth with two blacklisted artists, writer/producer Paul Jarrico and actress Marsha Hunt
 FBI Documents on Communist Infiltration- Motion Picture Industry (COMPIC)
 Hollywood Blacklist , series of interviews and transcripts (many online) from Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles.


Kategori:Sejarah dan budaya Hollywood
Kategori:Sejarah film
Kategori:McCarthyisme
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