Ekonomi Tiongkok

Ekonomi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok adalah ekonomi berorientasi pasar yang sedang berkembang, yang menggabungkan perencanaan ekonomi melalui kebijakan industri dan rencana strategis lima tahun.—Xu, Chenggang. “The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development.” Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 4, American Economic Association, 2011, pp. 1076–151, .
—Nee, Victor, and Sonja Opper. “Political Capital in a Market Economy.” Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 5, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 2105–32, .
—Shue Tuck Wong & Sun Sheng Han (1998) Whither China's Market Economy? The Case of Lijin Zhen, Geographical Review, 88:1, 29-46, 
—Gregory C. Chow (2005) The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 3:3, 193-203, 
—HUA, HUANG. “The Market Economy in China.” Security Dialogue, vol. 24, no. 2, Sage Publications, Ltd., 1993, pp. 175–79, .
—Chow, Gregory C. “Development of a More Market-Oriented Economy in China.” Science, vol. 235, no. 4786, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1987, pp. 295–99, . Perekonomian Tiongkok terdiri dari perusahaan milik negara (BUMN) dan perusahaan kepemilikan campuran, serta sektor swasta domestik yang besar dan keterbukaan terhadap bisnis asing dalam sistem yang secara resmi digambarkan sebagai ekonomi pasar sosialis. Perusahaan milik negara menyumbang lebih dari 60% kapitalisasi pasar Tiongkok pada 2019 dan menghasilkan 40% dari PDB Tiongkok sebesar US$15,98 triliun (101,36 triliun yuan) pada tahun 2020, dengan bisnis swasta domestik dan asing serta investasi menyumbang 60% sisanya. Hingga akhir 2019, total aset seluruh BUMN Tiongkok, termasuk yang bergerak di sektor keuangan, mencapai US$58,97 triliun pada 2015. Sembilan puluh satu (91) BUMN ini masuk dalam daftar perusahaan Fortune Global 500 tahun 2020. Tiongkok memiliki ekonomi terbesar kedua di dunia jika diukur dengan PDB nominal, dan yang terbesar di dunia sejak 2014 jika diukur dengan Keseimbangan Kemampuan Berbelanja (KKB). Tiongkok telah menjadi negara dengan ekonomi terbesar kedua berdasarkan PDB nominal sejak 2010, dengan data mengandalkan nilai tukar pasar yang berfluktuasi. Tiongkok juga baru-baru ini telah melampaui ekonomi Uni Eropa pada tahun 2021. Sebuah perkiraan menyatakan bahwa Tiongkok akan menjadi ekonomi terbesar di dunia dalam PDB nominal pada tahun 2028.  Secara historis, Tiongkok adalah salah satu kekuatan ekonomi terkemuka di dunia selama hampir dua milenium, dari abad ke-1 hingga ke-19.

 Ekonomi wilayah 
jmpl|Distribusi GDP di daratan utama Tiongkok pada 2007

 GDP menurut pembagian administratif 

Terdapat 31 pembagian administratif di Tiongkok. Di bawah ini adalah pembagian administratif teratas di Tiongkok menurut peringkat GDP pada 2012. GDP dialihkan dari CNY ke USD menggunakan rating FX dari 6.3125 CNY/USD.

Peringkat  Divisi Administratif  GDP $ miliar 2012  GDP per kapita $2012  Jumlah pendudukpertengahan tahun 20121  Guangdong  904.05  8,570  105,494,2002  Jiangsu  856.37  10,827  79,093,9003  Shandong  792.29  8,201  96,610,0004  Zhejiang  548.22  10,022  54,700,0005  Henan  472.24  5,025  93,970,0006  Hebei  420.99  5,796  72,640,1007  Liaoning  392.89  8,958  43,860,0008  Sichuan  377.82  4,686  80,631,0009  Hubei  352.48  6,111  57,682,50010  Hunan  350.96  5,304  66,172,500

 Tren makroekonomi 

 Sejarah figur GDP di Tiongkok pada 1978 - 2012 the gross domestic product in 2012 is a preliminary data according to Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2012 National Economic and Social Development (China NBS, 22 February 2013); the Data of GDP in 2011 is the Final Verification (7 Januari 2013), see China NBS: Bulletin on the Final Verification Data of GDP in 2011; Data GDP 1978-2010 is from China Statistical Yearbook 2012 (ISBN 978-7-5037-6693-0/C•2752). Purchasing power parity (PPP) is estimate according to IMF WEO 16 Apr. 2013 figures; Exchange rate of CN￥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, pubulished on China Statistical Yearbook 2012 Tahun GDP (dalam jutaan)  GDP per kapitaCN￥pertumbuhan<span style="font-size:80%;">berdasarkan padaCN￥(%)US$pertumbuhan<span style="font-size:80%;">berdasarkan padaUS$(%)PPP(Intl$.)pertumbuhan<span style="font-size:80%;">berdasarkan padappp (%)pertumbuhan<span style="font-size:100%;">riil(%)CN￥pertumbuhan<span style="font-size:80%;">berdasarkan padaCN￥(%)US$ PPP(Intl$.)pertumbuhanriil(%)p201251,932,2109.88,226,88512.312,405,6709.77.838,4499.26,0919,1857.2r201147,310,40017.87,324,95223.511,305,76911.69.335,19817.35,4508,4118.8r201040,151,28017.85,931,20318.810,128,39911.910.430,01517.24,4347,5719.9r200934,090,2818.64,990,52610.49,049,45010.29.225,6088.03,7496,7988.7200831,404,54318.14,521,82729.48,214,36612.19.623,70817.53,4146,2019.1200726,581,03122.93,495,66428.87,329,92017.514.220,16922.22,6525,56213.6200621,631,44317.02,713,49520.26,239,56716.312.716,50016.32,0704,75912.0200518,493,73715.72,257,61916.95,364,25814.211.314,18515.01,7324,11510.7200415,987,83417.71,931,64417.74,697,90113.010.112,33617.01,4903,6259.4200313,582,27612.91,640,96612.94,157,82212.310.010,54212.21,2743,2279.3200212,033,2699.71,453,8209.73,701,13310.89.19,3989.01,1352,8918.4200110,965,51710.51,324,81810.53,338,91910.78.38,6229.71,0422,6257.520009,921,45510.61,198,47510.63,014,89110.88.47,8589.89492,3887.619998,967,7056.21,083,2796.32,721,5569.27.67,1595.38652,1726.719988,440,2286.91,019,4627.02,492,1899.17.86,7965.98212,0076.819977,897,30311.0952,65311.32,285,33311.29.36,4209.87741,8588.219967,117,65917.1856,08517.62,054,66612.110.05,84615.97031,6888.919956,079,37326.1727,98130.21,832,82713.210.95,04624.86041,5219.719944,819,78636.4559,224-8.81,618,58915.513.14,04434.94691,35811.819933,533,39231.2613,22325.61,401,82316.514.02,99829.75201,19012.719922,692,34823.6488,22219.31,203,46216.914.22,31122.14191,03312.819912,178,15016.7409,1734.81,029,04313.09.21,89315.13568947.719901,866,7829.9390,279-13.5910,2707.83.81,6448.23448022.319891,699,23213.0451,31111.7844,0448.04.11,51911.24037552.519881,504,28224.7404,14924.7781,29715.111.31,36622.83677099.519871,205,86217.4323,9748.9678,66114.811.61,11215.52996269.819861,027,51814.0297,590-3.1590,96611.28.896312.32795547.21985901,60425.1307,023-0.9531,42116.913.585823.429250611.91984720,80520.9309,7572.6454,45519.515.269519.329943813.71983596,26512.0301,7997.3380,21015.310.958310.42953729.31982532,3358.8281,287-2.0329,79915.89.15287.22793277.51981489,1567.6286,895-5.5284,91015.15.24926.22892873.91980454,56211.9303,44616.1247,6227.846310.53092526.51979406,25811.4261,25920.77.641910.02706.11978364,52213.2216,46211.738111.722610.2

+ Figur GDP di Tiongkok pada 1952-1978(berdasarkan pada nilai saat ini; dalam jutaan dari GDP; pertumbuhan riil dari %)tahunGDP (dalam jutaan)GDP per kapitaCN￥pertumbuhanpertumbuhanriilCN￥pertumbuhanpertumbuhanriil1978364,52213.211.738111.710.21977322,1058.87.63417.26.21976296,147<span style="color:red;">-1.7<span style="color:red;">-1.6318<span style="color:red;">-3.3<span style="color:red;">-3.11975301,3117.58.73295.86.81974280,3742.62.33110.30.21973273,3358.07.93105.45.41972253,0223.93.82941.41.21971243,5267.77.12905.14.11970226,13216.219.427613.116.11969194,57812.516.92449.413.71968173,016<span style="color:red;">-2.8<span style="color:red;">-4.1223<span style="color:red;">-5.5<span style="color:red;">-6.61967178,028<span style="color:red;">-5.0<span style="color:red;">-5.7236<span style="color:red;">-7.5<span style="color:red;">-8.11966187,3089.110.72556.37.71965171,72018.01724015.414.31964145,55417.718.320814.915.51963123,6377.410.21814.67.51962115,124<span style="color:red;">-5.7<span style="color:red;">-5.6173<span style="color:red;">-6.5<span style="color:red;">-6.41961122,094<span style="color:red;">-16.2<span style="color:red;">-27.3185<span style="color:red;">-15.1<span style="color:red;">-26.61960145,7471.2<span style="color:red;">-0.32180.9<span style="color:red;">-0.51959144,03610.18.82168.06.71958130,82122.321.320019.018.31957106,9293.95.11681.22.41956102,89813.01516610.712.7195591,0786.06.81504.24.5195485,9384.34.21441.41.8195382,41921.415.614219.313.1195267,900119

 Sistem pajak 

 Sektor 

 Agribudaya 

jmpl|kiri|Kebun kacang tanah di Distrik Jiangxia, Hubei
Tiongkok adalah produsen dan konsumen produk-produk agribudaya terbesar di dunia – dan sekitar 300 juta pekerja perkebunan Tiongkok berada di perindustrian

 Energi dan sumber daya mineral 

 Pertambangan 

 Perdagangan luar negeri 

jmpl|300px|Distribusi global ekspor Tiongkok pada 2006 sebagai persentase dari pasar teratas

 PeriodePerdagangan Dua JalurEksporImpor1981–85+12.8%+8.6%+16.1%1986–90+10.6%+17.8%+4.8%1991–95+19.5%+19.1%+19.9%1996–2000+11.0%+10.9%+11.3%2001–05+24.6%+25.0%+24.0%2006-10+15.9%+15.7%+16.1%2014+3.4%+6.1%+0.4%
 Demografi 

 Transportasi dan infrastruktur 

 Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi 

 Catatan 
 China: Country Studies – Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Lcweb2.loc.gov (27 Juli 2010). Retrieved on 6 Agustus 2010.

 Referensi 

 Lihat juga 
 Buatan Tiongkok 2025

 Pranala luar dan bacaan tambahan 

 China Economic Information Network (CEInet) under the SIC
 China Monitor is the International presence of the SIC's CEInet 
 Chinability Background and statistics on China's economy and business climate.
 Chinability Blog  Up-to-date analysis of the Chinese economy.
 China on the World Stage from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
 Asian Development Bank, China 
 China Economy  (China Economic Information Network). News stories and subscriber-only market analysis for various sectors of the country's economy.
 The State of the Chinese Economy USC U.S. China Institute 2011 conference on the structure, health, and future of China's economy. Twenty leading analysts examined the macroeconomic situation, worries about property bubbles and debt accumulation, labor and human capital trends, and the challenges posed by the health care and pension needs of an aging population. .
 China's economy. Articles By Subject. Economist.com
 China Economic Net
 China Economic Review
 Far Eastern Economic Review  Dow Jones' monthly magazine on Asia. For valuable insights on Asia's business and political development. With search and 58-year archive.
 Chinese Economy China Daily Special Coverage
 Financial Times, China
 The New York Times series "Choking on Growth"
 "Goldman Sachs Downgrades China’s Economy"  Stocknewsdesk

 Data dan Statistik 
 National Bureau of Statistics of China
 China's State Information Center (SIC)
 World Bank, China
 World Bank China 2012 Trade Summary Statistics
 IMF, China
 Comprehensive current and historical economic data
 Chinese Economy statistics NationMaster (All stats)
 Economy of China | statistics and charts statistics and charts extracted from the CIA Factbook & Worldbank data
 Tariffs applied by China as provided by ITC's Market Access Map, an online database of customs tariffs and market requirements.
 Trade Profile (Exports/Imports) - China

 Jurnal 
 China Economic Journal Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome. Tandf.co.uk. Retrieved on 2010-08-06.
 China Economic Quarterly
 China & World Economy China & World Economy – Journal Information . Blackwellpublishing.com (2010-05-07). Retrieved on 2010-08-06.
 Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies (JCEBS) Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome. Tandf.co.uk. Retrieved on 2010-08-06. is the official journal of the Chinese Economic Association (UK). CEA Publications – Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies. Ceauk.org.uk. Retrieved on 2010-08-06.
 Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies Emerald, Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies information. Emeraldinsight.com. Retrieved on 2010-08-06.
 The China Quarterly Journals.cambridge.org
 The Chinese Economy M.E. Sharpe, Inc. – Journal Information. Mesharpe.com. Retrieved on 2010-08-06.
 Journal of Chinese Economic Studies (ISSN: 1348-2521)
 Journal of the Chinese Statistical Association (ISSN: 0529-6528)
 China: An International Journal (ISSN: 0219-7472)
 China Economic Review (ISSN: 1043-951X)
 China Review (ISSN: 1680-2012)
 Frontiers of Economics in China (ISSN: 1673-3444)
 China 2030: Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative High-Income Society (pre-publication version)
 Citation: "World Bank; Development Research Center of the State Council, P.R.C.. 2012. China 2030: Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative High-Income Society [pre-publication version]. © Washington, DC: World Bank. http://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6057 License: Creative Commons license CC BY 3.0 Unported."
 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6057
 Date: 2012-02-27
 Author(s): World Bank; Development Research Center of the State Council, P.R.C.
 China 2030

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