Tata bahasa Inggris

Tata bahasa Inggris adalah sebuah aturan yang menggambarkan struktur ungkapan dalam bahasa Inggris, termasuk di dalamnya memuat struktur kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat.

Ada beberapa variasi terkait sejarah, sosial, budaya dan daerah bahasa Inggris. Divergensi dari tata bahasa yang dijelaskan di sini terjadi di beberapa dialek dalam bahasa Inggris. Artikel ini menjelaskan secara umum tentang bahasa Inggris standar, seperti ucapan yang ada di wacana publik, seperti: siaran televisi, pendidikan, hiburan, pemerintahan, dan laporan berita, termasuk juga di sini: pidato baik formal maupun informal. Ada perbedaan tertentu dalam tata bahasa antara bentuk standar British English, American English dan Australian English, meskipun ini tidak mencolok dibandingkan dengan perbedaan leksikal dan pengucapan.

 Fungsi Dasar 

 Noun 
Pengertian noun adalah kata benda, yang digunakan untuk memberi deskripsi mengenai orang, tempat, benda, serta beberapa hal yang dibendakan.

 Determiner 
Determiner adalah kata, frasa, atau imbuhan yang muncul bersamaan dengan noun atau noun phrase, dan berfungsi sebagai rujukan atas noun/noun phrase tersebut sesuai konteksnya.

Contoh:
 The girl is a student.
 I've lost my keys.
 Some folks get all the luck.
 Which book is that?
 I only had thirty-seven drinks.
 I'll take this one.
 Both windows were open.
Kata yang dicetak tebal merupakan yang merupakan penjelas atas noun (dicetak miring) sesuai konteksnya.

 Tense 
Tense adalah masa atau waktu yang dalam bahasa Inggris terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu

 Present tense 
Present tense adalah jenis kalimat baik lisan maupun tulisan yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi dengan latar waktu saat ini.

 Past tense 

 Future tense 

 Verb 

 Auxiliary 
Auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi untuk membantu kata kerja utama dan untuk menjelaskan aspek ataupun kala dari suatu kalimat.

Contoh:
 I will help you.
 She can read the code well.
 John has looked for Sarah's necklace.
Kata yang dicetak tebal adalah auxiliary verb yang bertugas menjelaskan kata kerja utama yang jatuh setelahnya.

 Irregular verb 
Contoh-contohnya:

 a-: for abide, arise, awake, lihat bide, rise, wake
 be (am, is, are) – was, were – been
 be-: for befall, beset, etc. see fall, set, etc.
 bear – bore – borne
 beat – beat – beaten
 become – became – become
 beget – begot – begot(ten)
 begin – began – begun
 bend – bent – bent
 bet – bet – bet [past tense dan participle kadang kala betted]
 beware – beware
 bid – bid – bid [as in an auction]
 bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid [meaning "request"]
 bide – bided/bode – bided/bidden [but abide mostly uses the regular forms only]
 bind – bound – bound
 bite – bit – bitten
 bleed – bled – bled
 blow – blew – blown
 break – broke – broken
 breed – bred – bred
 bring – brought – brought
 build – built – built
 burn – burnt/burned – burnt/burned
 burst – burst – burst
 buy – bought – bought
 can – could [defective; see anomalous cases above]
 cast – cast – cast [prefixed forms broadcast, forecast, etc. sometimes take -edFor example, forecasted is acceptable as the past participle and past simple of the verb forecast, especially in some technical meanings. See www.usingenglish.com]
 catch – caught – caught
 choose – chose – chosen
 clad – clad/cladded – clad/cladded [clad is also sometimes used as past form of clothe]
 cleave – clove/cleft – cloven/cleft [but regular when meaning "adhere"]
 cling – clung – clung
 come – came – come
 cost – cost – cost [but regular when meaning "calculate the cost of"]
 creep – crept/creeped – crept/creeped
 crow – crowed/crew – crowed [crew normally used only of a cock's crowing]
 cut – cut – cut
 dare – regular except for possible third person singular present dare (see anomalous cases above)
 deal – dealt – dealt
 dig – dug – dug
 dive – dived/dove – dived [the form dove is chiefly American]
 do (does ) – did – done
 drag – dragged/drug – dragged/drug [the form drug is chiefly dialectal]
 draw – drew – drawn
 dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt
 drink – drank – drunk
 drive – drove – driven
 dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled
 eat – ate – eaten
 fall – fell – fallen
 feed – fed – fed
 feel – felt – felt
 fight – fought – fought
 find – found – found
 fit – fit/fitted – fit/fitted
 flee – fled – fled
 fling – flung – flung
 fly – flew – flown
 for(e)-: for forgo, foresee, etc. see go, see, etc.
 forbid – forbade/forbid – forbidden
 forget – forgot – forgotten
 forsake – forsook – forsaken
 freeze – froze – frozen
 get – got – gotten/got [past participle got in British English, gotten in American, but see have got]
 gild – gilded/gilt – gilded/gilt
 give – gave – given
 go – went – gone [see also have been]
 grind – ground – ground
 grow – grew – grown
 hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged [the form hanged is more common in the sense of execution by hanging]
 have (has) – had – had
 hear – heard – heard
 hew – hewed – hewn/hewed
 hide – hid – hidden
 hit – hit – hit
 hoist – hoist/hoisted – hoist/hoisted
 hold – held – held
 hurt – hurt – hurt
 in-: for inlay, input, etc. see lay, put, etc.
 inter-: for interlay, interweave, etc. see lay, weave, etc.
 keep – kept – kept
 kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled
 knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted
 know – knew – known
 lay – laid – laid
 lead – led – led
 lean – leaned/leant – leaned/leant
 leap – leaped/leapt – leaped/leapt
 learn – learned/learnt – learned/learnt
 leave – left – left
 lend – lent – lent
 let – let – let
 lie – lay – lain [but regular when meaning "tell an untruth"]
 light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted
 lose – lost – lost
 make – made – made
 may – might [defective; see anomalous cases above]
 mean – meant – meant
 meet – met – met
 mis-: for misspeak, mistake, etc. see speak, take, etc.
 mow – mowed – mowed/mown
 must – defective [see anomalous cases above]
 need – regular except for possible third person singular present need (see anomalous cases above)
 off-: for offset see set, etc.
 ought – defective [see anomalous cases above]
 out-: for outbid, output, etc. see bid, put, etc.
 over-: for overbid, overdo, etc. see bid, do, etc.
 pay – paid – paid [but sometimes spelt regularly when meaning "let out" (rope etc.)]
 plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled
 pre-: for prepay, preset, etc. see pay, set, etc.
 prove – proved – proved/proven
 put – put – put
 quit – quit – quit
 re-: for redo, remake, etc. see do, make, etc.
 read  – read  – read 
 rend – rent – rent
 rid – rid/ridded – rid/ridded/ridden
 ride – rode – ridden
 ring – rang – rung
 rise – rose – risen
 run – ran – run
 saw – sawed – sawn/sawed
 say (says ) – said – said
 see – saw – seen
 seek – sought – sought
 sell – sold – sold
 send – sent – sent
 set – set – set
 sew – sewed – sewn/sewed
 shake – shook – shaken
 shall – should [defective; see anomalous cases above]
 shear – sheared/shore – shorn/sheared
 shed – shed – shed
 shine – shone/shined – shone/shined
 shit – shat/shit/shitted – shat/shit/shitted
 shoe – shoed/shod – shoed/shod
 shoot – shot – shot
 show – showed – shown/showed
 shrink – shrank/shrunk – shrunk
 shut – shut – shut
 sing – sang – sung
 sink – sank – sunk
 sit – sat – sat
 slay – slew/slayed – slain/slayed
 sleep – slept – slept
 slide – slid – slid
 sling – slung – slung
 slink – slunk – slunk
 slit – slit – slit
 smell – smelled/smelt – smelled/smelt
 smite – smote – smitten
 sneak – sneaked/snuck – sneaked/snuck [snuck is chiefly American, and it is regarded as informal]
 sow – sowed – sown/sowed
 speak – spoke – spoken
 speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded
 spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt
 spend – spent – spent
 spill – spilled/spilt – spilled/spilt
 spin – spun – spun
 spit – spat/spit – spat/spit [the form spit rather than spat is common in America]
 split – split – split
 spoil – spoiled/spoilt – spoiled/spoilt
 spread – spread – spread
 spring – sprang/sprung – sprung
 stand – stood – stood
 stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
 steal – stole – stolen
 stick – stuck – stuck
 sting – stung – stung
 stink – stank – stunk
 strew – strewed – strewn/strewed
 stride – strode – stridden/strode
 strike – struck – struck
 string – strung – strung
 strive – strove/strived – striven/strived
 swear – swore – sworn
 sweat – sweated/sweat – sweated/sweat
 sweep – swept – swept
 swell – swelled – swollen/swelled
 swim – swam – swum
 swing – swung – swung
 take – took – taken
 teach – taught – taught
 tear – tore – torn
 tell – told – told
 think – thought – thought
 throw – threw – thrown
 thrust – thrust/thrusted – thrust/thrusted
 tread – trod – trodden/trod
 un-: for unbend, unweave, etc. see bend, weave, etc.
 under-: for underlie, undergo, understand, etc. see lie, go, stand, etc.
 up-: for upset see set, etc.
 wake – woke – woken
 wear – wore – worn
 weave – wove – woven
 wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded
 weep – wept – wept
 wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted
 will – would [defective; see anomalous cases above]
 win – won – won
 wind – wound – wound [but regular in the meanings connected with air and breath]
 with-: for withdraw, withhold, withstand, see draw,old, stand
 wring – wrang/wrung – wrung
 write – wrote – written

 Article 
Article adalah sebuah kata (baik awalan ataupun akhiran) yang digunakan bersama noun untuk menunjukkan jenis noun tersebut.

Article dalam bahasa Inggris yaitu: the dan a/an. 

Contoh:The children know the fastest way hom Anak-anak itu mengetahui cara tercepat pulang ke rumah.Kalimat di atas merujuk ke "Anak-anak" yang "Tertentu" (yaitu: anak-anak itu) dan "Cara" yang "Tertentu" (yaitu: cara tercepat):Children know the fastest way home. Anak-anak mengetahui cara tercepat pulang ke rumah.Kalimat di atas merujuk ke "Anak-anak" yang "umum"Give me the book.

 Berikan padaku buku itu
Kalimat di atas demikian juga, yaitu merujuk kepada "Buku" yang "Tertentu" (yaitu: buku itu)Give me a book Berikan padaku sebuah bukuKalimat di atas merujuk kepada "Buku" yang sifatnya "umum"..

 Fungsi Lainnya 
 Tense 

 Pranala luar 

  English Grammar (Tata Bahasa Inggris)
  Daftar kata kerja tidak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris

Kategori:Tata bahasa
Kategori:Bahasa Inggris