R-7 (keluarga roket)

Kendaraan peluncur roket Soviet, mulai dari ICBM R7 hingga peluncur Sputnik, Vostok, Voskhod dan Soyuz|200px|jmpl
Keluarga roket R-7 (Rusia: Р-7) adalah serangkaian roket, berasal dari R-7 Semyorka Soviet, ICBM pertama di dunia. Lebih roket R-7 telah diluncurkan daripada keluarga roket besar lainnya.

R-7 ternyata tidak praktis sebagai rudal balistik, tetapi menemukan aplikasi panjang di Soviet dan program ruang Rusia kemudian. Keluarga R-7 terdiri dari kedua rudal, dan roket pembawa orbital. Derivatif termasuk Vostok, Voskhod dan roket Soyuz, yang telah digunakan untuk semua Soviet, dan kemudian spaceflights berawak Rusia. Jenis ini memiliki konfigurasi yang unik di mana empat mesin berbahan bakar cair break-away mengelilingi inti pusat. Inti bertindak sebagai "tahap kedua" berlaku setelah empat mesin yang lain dibuang.

 Varian 
Data di bawah merupakan data pengenalan. Sebagian besar roket R 7 telah pensiun. Versi aktif berwarna hijau.

NamaGRAUindexFungsiN° CoreStagesPenerbangan perdanaPenerbangan finalPeluncuranKeteranganTotalSuksesGagalR-7 Semyorka8K71ICBM115 May 195727 February 196127189World's first ICBMSputnik-PS8K71PSCarrier rocket14 October 19573 November 1957220World's first carrier rocketLaunched Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2Sputnik8A91Carrier rocket127 April 195815 May 1958211Launched Sputnik 3Luna8K72Carrier rocket223 September 195816 April 1960927Launched first Lunar probesR-7A Semyorka8K74ICBM123 December 195925 July 196721183Vostok-L8K72LCarrier rocket215 May 19601 December 1960431Molniya8K78Carrier rocket320 January 19603 December 1965261214Vostok-K8K72KCarrier rocket222 December 196010 July 196413112Used for manned Vostok missionsFirst rocket to launch a man into spaceMolniya-L8K78LCarrier rocket4UnbuiltVostok-28A92Carrier rocket21 June 196212 May 196745405Polyot11A59Carrier rocket11 November 196312 April 1964220Voskhod11A57Carrier rocket216 November 196329 June 197630027723Launched manned Voskhod 1 and Voskhod 2 missionsMolniya-M8K78MCarrier rocket319 February 196430 September 201029727621Vostok-2M8A92MCarrier rocket228 August 196429 August 199194922Soyuz/Vostok11A510Carrier rocket327 December 196520 July 1966220Soyuz11A511Carrier rocket228 November 196624 May 197530282Launched several manned Soyuz missionsSoyuz-B11K55Carrier rocket2UnbuiltSoyuz-V11K56Carrier rocket2UnbuiltSoyuz-R11A514Carrier rocket2UnbuiltSoyuz-L11A511LCarrier rocket224 November 197012 August 1971330Soyuz-M11A511MCarrier rocket227 December 197131 March 1976880Soyuz-U11A511UCarrier rocket2 or 318 May 1973Active78376321In 1983, flight Soyuz T-10a took fire on the launch pad before the end of the countdown, so it is not counted in the list of launches; this is why adding successes and failures yields 778 launches instead of 777.Single most launched carrier rocket ever builtUsed for a number of manned Soyuz launchesSoyuz-U211A511U2Carrier rocket223 December 19823 September 199572720Used for a number of manned Soyuz launchesSoyuz-FG11A511U-FGCarrier rocket2 or 320 May 2001Active56560Used for current manned Soyuz launchesSoyuz-2.1a / STA14A14ACarrier rocket2 or 38 November 2004Active28261+1pSoyuz-2.1b / STB14A14BCarrier rocket2 or 327 December 2006Active30281+1pSoyuz-2-1v14A15Carrier rocket228 December 2013Active211p

 Referensi 




 Rocket R-7  from S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, a Russian rocket and space contractor


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