Bahasa Pirahã

Pirahã (juga dieja Pirahá, Pirahán) atau Múra-Pirahã adalah bahasa yang dituturkan oleh suku Pirahã yang tinggal di negara bagian Amazonas, Brasil. Suku Pirahã tinggal di sepanjang Sungai Maici, yang merupakan anak sungai Amazon.

Pirahã adalah satu-satunya dialek bahasa Mura yang masih bertahan; dialek-dialek lain telah punah karena sebagian besar suku Mura beralih menggunakan bahasa Portugis. Bahasa Matanawi yang diduga berkerabat juga telah punah. Akibatnya, bahasa Pirahã adalah bahasa yang terisolasi, atau dalam kata lain tidak memiliki kekerabatan dengan bahasa lain yang masih hidup. Bahasa ini diperkirakan dituturkan oleh sekitar 250 hingga 380 penutur.Nevins, Andrew, David Pesetsky and Cilene Rodrigues (2009). "Piraha Exceptionality: a Reassessment", Language, 85.2, 355–404. ( ) Bahasa ini tidak terancam punah karena penggunaannya masih kuat dan sebagian besar suku Pirahã hanya dapat menuturkan satu bahasa.

Bahasa Pirahã telah digunakan sebagai bukti untuk mendukung klaim-klaim yang kontroversial; misalnya, bahasa ini dianggap sebagai bukti relativitas bahasa.Michael C. Frank, Daniel L. Everett, Evelina Fedorenko and Edward Gibson (2008), Number as a cognitive technology: Evidence from Pirahã language and cognition . Cognition, Volume 108, Issue 3, September 2008, pp. 819–824. Kontroversi ini diperparah oleh kesulitan mempelajari bahasa ini dan jumlah ahli bahasa Pirahã yang sedikit.

 Catatan kaki 

 Bibliografi 
 Dixon, R. M. W. and Alexandra Aikhenvald, eds., (1999) The Amazonian Languages. Cambridge University Press.
 Everett, D. L. (1992) A Língua Pirahã e a Teoria da Sintaxe: Descrição, Perspectivas e Teoria (The Pirahã Language and Syntactic Theory: Description, Perspectives and Theory). Ph.D. thesis. (in Portuguese). Editora Unicamp, 400 pages; ISBN 85-268-0082-5.
 Everett, Daniel, (1986) "Piraha". In the Handbook of Amazonian Languages, vol I. Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum (eds). Mouton de Gruyter.
 Everett, Daniel (1988) On Metrical Constituent Structure in Piraha Phonology. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 6: 207–246
 Everett, Daniel and Keren Everett (1984) On the Relevance of Syllable Onsets to Stress Placement. Linguistic Inquiry 15: 705–711
 Everett, Daniel 2005. Cultural Constraints on Grammar and Cognition in Pirahã: Another Look at the Design Features of Human Language. Current Anthropology 46:621–646
 Keren Everett (1998) Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Pirahã. The Journal of Amazonian Languages: 104–162. (Published version of University of Pittsburgh M.A. thesis.)
 Nevins, Andrew, David Pesetsky and Cilene Rodrigues (2009) "Piraha Exceptionality: a Reassessment" , Language, 85.2, 355–404. 2009, a response to Everett (2005).
 Everett, Daniel (2009) "Pirahã Culture and Grammar: A Response to Some Criticism", Language, 85.2, 405–442, reply to previous article.
 Nevins, Andrew, David Pesetsky and Cilene Rodrigues (2009) "Evidence and Argumentation: a Reply to Everett (2009)" , Language", 85.3, 671–681. 2009, reply to previous article
 Sauerland, Uli. (2010). "[http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/001095 Experimental Evidence for Complex Syntax in Pirahã"]".
 Sheldon, Steven N. (1974) Some Morphophonemic and Tone Perturbation Rules in Mura-Pirahã. International Journal of American Linguistics, v. 40 279–282.
 Sheldon, Steven N. (1988) Os sufixos verbais Mura-Pirahã (= Mura-Pirahã verbal suffixes). SIL International, Série Lingüística Nº 9, Vol. 2: 147–175 PDF.
 Thomason, Sarah G. and Daniel L. Everett (2001) Pronoun Borrowing. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society 27. PDF.
 Michael Frank (2008) "Number as a Cognitive Technology: Evidence from Pirahã Language and Cognition". PDF.

 Pranala luar 
 Piraha Alphabet (at Omniglot)
 Everett, Daniel. Home page( )
 Pirahã language - by Professor Marco Antonio Gonçalves (UFRJ) in Encyclopedia of Indigenous People in Brazil
 Pirahã Dictionary/ Dicionário Mura-Pirahã( )
 Mura-Pirahã Dictionary
 Etnolinguistica.Org: discussion list on native South American languages
 NPR: Tribe Helps Linguist Argue with Prevailing Theory
 Unlocking the Secret Sounds of Language: Life Without Time or Numbers  — article in The Independent
 Brazil's Pirahã Tribe: Living without Numbers or Time — Spiegel
 New Yorker article 'The Interpreter' (abstract)
 Audio sample of sung Pirahã — two boys singing about a day's events 
 BBC Radio 4, The Material World: The Language of the Piraha — Prof. Daniel Everett discusses the linguistic significance of the language with Prof. Ian Roberts.
 Daniel Everett: Endangered Languages and Lost Knowledge  (video), presentation for the Rosetta Project
 Sample1 and Sample2 of Pirahã, spoken by native speakers.
 Audio recordings of words lists in Pirahã, spoken by native speakers.

Kategori:Bahasa Mura