Wazir Agung

Wazir Agung (dalam bahasa Turki Vezir-i Azam atau Sadr-ı Azam (Sadrazam), dalam bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah: صدر اعظم or وزیر اعظم), berasal dari bahasa Arab wazir (وزير), adalah menteri tertinggi di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah yang setara dengan Perdana Menteri dengan surat kuasa tertinggi dan hanya dapat dicopot oleh Sultan sendiri.Diplomatic documents relating to the outbreak of the European war, Volume 2. By Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. hal.1411 Ia memegang segel kesultanan dan dapat mengumpulkan semua wazir lainnya untuk mengurus urusan negara.

Di Turki, setelah runtuhnya Kesultanan Utsmaniyah, jabatan ini dihapuskan.

 Sejarah 
Selama fase-fase munculnya Negara Utsmaniyah, hanya menggunakan kata "wazir" dalam istilah jabatan kenegaraan. Wazir pertama Utsmaniyah yang menggunakan gelar Wazir Agung adalah Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha. Adapun tujuan dibentuknya gelar wazir agung adalah adalah untuk membedakan pemegang stempel sultan dengan wazir lainnya.

Pada awalnya dalam bahasa Turki, wazir agung dikenal sebagai vezir-i âzam yang kemudian perlahan-lahan diganti menjadi sadrazam. Sepanjang sejarah berdirinya Turki Utsmani, para wazir agung juga digelar sebagai adr-ı âlî ('Wazir Tinggi'), vekil-i mutlak ('Jaksa Mutlak'), sâhib-i devlet ('Pengampu Negara'), serdar-ı ekrem ('Jenderal'), serdar-ı azam ('Jenderal Besar') and zât-ı âsafî (orang wazir') dan başnazır, yang bermakna "perdana menteri".

Dimasa-masa akhir menjelang runtuhnya Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah, khususnya selama dan setelah abad ke-19, Wazir Agung mulai memegang jabatan yang hampir identik dengan jabatan perdana menteri di negara-negara Eropa. Reformasi dilihat pada era Tanzimat (1838), Era Kontitusional Pertama (1876–1878) dan Era Konstitusional Kedua (1908–1920) lebih lanjutnya membawa jabatan Wazir Agung segaris dan sejalan dengan standar Eropa yang membuat penjabatnya dapat mengetuai kabinet. Selama dua era konstitusional, Wazir Agung juga menjabat sebagai Ketua Senat Utsmaniyah. Dengan dibentuknya Republik Turki pada tahun 1923, Perdana Menteri Turki mengambil alih peran dan kewenangan Wazir Agung.

Wazir Agung sering diganti atau mengundurkan diri dalam sebuah suksesi yang cepat, yang membuat ketidakstabilan politik. Pada sepuluh tahun terakhir menjelang runtuhnya Kekaisaran Turki Utsmani, pemegang jabatan Wazir Agung telah mengalami 13 kali penggantian.

 Daftar Wazir Agung Utsmaniyah 

Wazir Agung Kesultanan Utsmaniyah 75px|Flag of the Ottoman EmpireGrand Viziers
NamaMulai bekerjaSelesai bekerjaBackground notes1. Alaeddin Pasha13201331Turkİsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 7. 2. Nizamuddin Ahmed Pasha13311348TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 8. 3. Hacı Pasha13481349Turk4. Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha13491364Turk5. Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder)136422 January 1387Turk, from Cendere (or Çandar), a village near Ankara; see Çandarlı family. The first vizier to hold the title "grand vizier" and also the first with a military background.6. Çandarlı Ali Pasha13871406TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 9.  (Çandarlı family)7. "Osmancıklı" Imamzade Halil Pasha14061413Turk, from Osmancık8. "Amasyalı" Beyazid Pasha14131421Turk, from Amasya, of Albanian originhttp://books.google.al/books?id=q2YopOyq66AC&pg=PT246&dq=bayezid+pasha+albanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ryECVNa8GOLm7AaJrIC4Dw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=bayezid%20pasha%20albanian&f=falsehttp://books.google.al/books?id=ptXG0uA70lAC&pg=PA55&dq=bayezid+pasha+albanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ryECVNa8GOLm7AaJrIC4Dw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=bayezid%20pasha%20albanian&f=false9. Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder14211429Turk (Çandarlı family)10. Amasyalı Hazır Dânişmendoğlu Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha14291439Turk, from Osmancık or Amasya11. Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger14391 June 1453TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 10.  (Çandarlı family). First grand vizier who was executed.12. Zaganos Pasha14531456Devşirme. Albanian, Greek or Serb.13. Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1st time)14561468Devşirme. Greek or Serb14. Rum Mehmed Pasha14681469Greek15. İshak Pasha (1st time)14691472Croat or Greek16. Mahmud Pasha Angelović (2nd time)14721474Devşirme. Greek or Serb17. Gedik Ahmed Pasha14741477AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 11.  or Greek or Serb.18. Karamanlı Mehmed Pasha14771481Turk, from Karaman19. İshak Pasha (2nd time)14811482Croat< or Greek.20. Koca Davud Pasha14821497Albanian21. Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (Ahmed Hercegović) (1st time)14971498Devşirme. From Herzegovina (Kosača family)22. Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger14981499TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 12.  (Çandarlı family)23. Mesih Pasha14991501Devşirme. Greek (Member of the Palaiologos family, according to von Hammer)24. Hadim Ali Pasha (1st time)15011503Devşirme, from Albania (Hadim = Manservant)25. Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (Ahmed Hercegović) (2nd time)15031506Devşirme. From Herzegovina (Kosača family)26. Hadim Ali Pasha (2nd time)15061511Devşirme, from Albania (Hadim = Manservant)27. Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (Ahmed Hercegović) (3rd time)15111511Devşirme. From Herzegovina (Kosača family)28. Koca Mustafa Pasha15111512Greek (Rum), and not a devşirme. Possibly "Western" (Frenk)Danişmend (1971), p. 13. 29. Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (Ahmed Hercegović) (4th time)151228 November 1514Devşirme. From Herzegovina (Kosača family)30. Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha18 December 15148 September 1515Albanian.Danişmend (1971), p. 14.  (Dukagjin family)31. Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (Ahmed Hercegović) (5th time)8 September 151526 April 1516Devşirme. From Herzegovina (Kosača family)32. Hadım Sinan Pasha26 April 151622 January 1517Devşirme,Danişmend (1971), p. 15.  from the noble Boronivic family (Hadim = Manservant)33. Yunus Pasha22 January 151713 September 1517Devşirme, Greek, Pomak, Serb, or Croat origin.Alper, Omer Mahir, "Yunus Paşa", (1999) Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.2 s.678 ISBN 975-08-0072-934. Piri Mehmed Pasha25 January 151827 June 1523Turk, from Aksaray35. Pargali Ibrahim Pasha, also called Frenk Ibrahim Pasha27 June 152314 March 1536Greek from Parga (The nickname Frenk refers to his European manners and tastes)36. Ayas Mehmed Pasha14 March 153613 July 1539Devşirme. AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 16.  from Vlora or Delvina37. Çelebi Lütfi Pasha13 July 1539April 1541Devşirme. Albanian,Danişmend (1971), p. 17.  from Avlonya (Vlorë) (Çelebi = a refined gentleman with good manners)38. Hadim Suleyman PashaApril 154128 November 1544Devşirme. Hungarian eunuch.A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War by Andrew James McGregor p.30  (Hadim = Manservant)39. Kehle-i-ikbâl Damat Rüstem Pasha (1st time)28 November 15446 October 1553Devşirme. Croat from Skradin (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)40. Kara Ahmed Pasha6 October 155329 September 1555AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 18. 41. Kehle-i-ikbâl Damat Rüstem Pasha (2nd time)29 September 155510 July 1561Devşirme. Croat from Skradin (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)42. Semiz Ali Pasha10 July 156128 June 1565From Bosnia43. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (Мехмед-паша Соколовић)28 June 156512 October 1579Devşirme. Serb from Bosnia Samarčić, Radovan (2004). Sokollu Mehmet Paşa (3rd ed.) Istanbul: Aralik. ISBN 975-8823-62-0Kočan, Ismet (Dec. 21, 2005). Mit i stvarnost - Mehmed-paša Sokolović, Večernje Novosti Online.Danişmend (1971), p. 19.  (Sokolović family)44. Şemsi Pasha12 October 157928 April 1580Turk45.Vekîl-i Saltanat Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha28 April 15807 August 1580From Bosnia. (Lala = a tutor to a Sultan)46. Koca Sinan Pasha (1st time)7 August 15806 December 1582AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 21. 47. Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (1st time)24 December 158225 July 1584Hungarian from Nagykanizsa48. Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha28 July 158429 October 1585TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 22.  or Circassian Mameluks49. Hadim Mesih Pasha1 November 158514 April 1586Devşirme unknown origin (Hadim = Manservant)50. Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (2nd time)14 April 15862 April 1589Hungarian from Nagykanizsa49. Koca Sinan Pasha (2nd time)14 April 15891 August 1591AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 23. 50. Serdar Ferhad Pasha (1st time)1 August 15914 April 1592Albanian51. Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (3rd time)4 April 159228 January 1593Hungarian from Nagykanizsa52. Koca Sinan Pasha (3rd time)28 January 159316 February 1595AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 24. 53. Serdar Ferhad Pasha (2nd time)16 February 15957 July 1595Albanian54. Koca Sinan Pasha (4th time)7 July 159519 November 1595Albanian55. Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha19 November 159528 November 1595Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 25.  from Manisa (Lala = Tutor to a Sultan)
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|56. Koca Sinan Pasha (5th time)
|1 December 1595
|3 April 1596
|Albanian
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|57. Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1st time)
|4 April 1596
|27 October 1596
|From Bosnia (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
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|58. (Cağaloğlu/Cağalazâde) Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
|27 October 1596
|5 December 1596
|Italian.Danişmend (1971), p. 26.  From the noble Genoese family of Cicala.
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|59. Damat Ibrahim Pasha (2nd time)
|5 December 1596
|3 November 1597
|Bosniak  (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
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|60. Hadim Hasan Pasha
|3 November 1597
|9 April 1598
|Devşirme unknown origin
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|61. Cerrah Mehmed Pasha
|9 April 1598
|6 January 1599
|Devşirme (?)Danişmend (1971), p. 27.  (Cerrah = Surgeon)
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|62. Damat Ibrahim Pasha (3rd time)
|6 January 1599
|10 July 1601
|Bosniak  (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
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|63. Yemişçi Hasan Pasha
|22 July 1601
|4 October 1603
|Albanian (Yemişçi = Fruit-vendor; in reference to his previous profession)
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|63. Yavuz Ali Pasha
|16 October 1603
|26 July 1604
|Bosniak.Danişmend (1971), p. 28.  "The Malkoçoğlu Family, properly known as Malković."
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|64. Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha
|5 August 1604
|21 June 1606
|Serb  (Lala = Tutor to a Sultan). Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's nephew.
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|66. Dervish Mehmed Pasha
|21 June 1606
|9 December 1606
|Bosniak
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|67. Kuyucu Murad Pasha
|11 December 1606
|5 August 1611
|BosniakDanişmend (1971), p. 29.  (Kuyucu = The well-digger; name given since he had the habit of burying his enemies in wells)
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|68. Gümülcineli Damat Nasuh Pasha
|5 August 1611
|17 October 1614
|Albanian, from Gümülcine. (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty). One of the seven husbands of Ahmed I's daughter Ayşe Sultan.
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|69. Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha (1st time)
|17 October 1614
|17 November 1616
|Turk, from Istanbul (Öküz = Oxen; literally Mehmed Pasha the Oxen; name given since he was heavily built)
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|70. Damat Halil Pasha (1st time)
|17 November 1616
|18 January 1619
|Armenian,Danişmend (1971), p. 30.  from Zeytun (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
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|71. Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)
|18 January 1619
|23 December 1619
|Turk, from Istanbul
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|72. Güzelce Ali Pasha
|23 December 1619
|9 March 1621
|(?) (Güzelce = Handsome)
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|73. Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha
|9 March 1621
|17 September 1621
|Albanian,Danişmend (1971), p. 31.  from Ohri
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|74. Dilaver Pasha
|17 September 1621
|20 May 1622
|Bosniak
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|75. Kara Davud Pasha
|20 May 1622
|13 June 1622
|Bosniak
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|76. Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1st time)
|13 June 1622
|8 July 1622
|Albanian ("Mere!" = "Take it!" in Albanian; purportedly the only grand vizier who did not speak Turkish, named after the oft-repeated order he gave on the subject of opponents' heads)
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|77. Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha
|8 July 1622
|21 September 1622
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 32.  from former Lefke, today Orhaneli
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|78. Hadim Mehmed Pasha (Hadım -'Eunuch'- Mehmed Pasha)
|21 September 1622
|5 February 1623
|Georgian (Gürcü = Georgian)
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|79. Mere Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time)
|5 February 1623
|30 August 1623
|Albanian
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|80. Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha
|30 August 1623
|3 April 1624
|Turk (Kemankeş = Archer)
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|81. Çerkes Mehmed Pasha
|3 April 1624
|28 January 1625
| CircassianDanişmend (1971), p. 33.  (Çerkes = Circassian)
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|82. Hafız Ahmed Pasha (1st time)
|8 February 1625
|1 December 1626
|Pomak, from Filibe. One of the seven husbands of Ahmed I's daughter Ayşe Sultan.
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|83. Damat Halil Pasha (2nd time)
|1 December 1626
|6 April 1628
|Armenian, from Zeytun (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
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|84. Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha
|6 April 1628
|25 October 1631
|BosniakDanişmend (1971), p. 34. 
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|85. Hafız Ahmed Pasha (2nd time)
|25 October 1631
|10 February 1632
|Pomak from Filibe.
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|86. Topal Recep Pasha
|10 February 1632
|18 May 1632
|Bosniak (Topal = Lame)
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|87. Tabanıyassi Mehmed Pasha
|18 May 1632
|2 February 1637
|Albanian (from Drama)(Tabanıyassı = Flat-footed)
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|67. Bayram Pasha
|2 February 1637
|26 August 1638
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 35.  from Istanbul
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|68. Tayyar Mehmed Pasha
|27 August 1638
|24 December 1638
|Turk
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|90. Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha
|23 December 1638
|31 January 1644
|AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 36.  (Kemankeş = Archer)
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|91. Sultanzade Mehmet Pasha (Civan Kapucubaşı Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha)
|31 January 1644
|17 December 1645
|Albanian (Sultanzade = Son of a female member of the Ottoman dynasty)
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|92. Nevesinli Salih Pasha
|17 December 1645
|16 September 1647
|BosniakDanişmend (1971), p. 37.  from Nevesinje.
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|93. Kara Musa Pasha
|16 September 1647
|21 September 1647
|(?) Not included in some lists. The imperial seal was sent to him by way of sea to Crete where he was in campaign, but he fell in front of the castle of Kandiye (Iraklion) five days after his naming to the rank and before receiving the seal.
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|94. Hezarpare Ahmet Pasha
|21 September 1647
|8 August 1648
|Greek (?), from Istanbul. Promoted from in-attorney title to the rank of full grand vizier upon Kara Musa Pasha's death. (Hezarpare = Thousand pieces; literally Ahmed Pasha the Thousand Pieces; name given by chroniclers since he was lynched by the mob)
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|95. Sofu Mehmed Pasha (or Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha)
|8 August 1648
|21 May 1649
|(?)Danişmend (1971), p. 38.  (Sofu = Devout and see Mevlevi)
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|96. Kara Murat Pasha (Kara Dev Murat Pasha)
|21 May 1649
|5 August 1651
|Albanian (Dev = Giant)
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|97. Melek Ahmed Pasha
|5 August 1651
|21 August 1651
|Abazin (Melek = Angel)
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|98. Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I (1st time)
|21 August 1651
|27 September 1651
|AbazinDanişmend (1971), p. 39. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|99. Gürcü Mehmed Pasha
|27 September 1651
|20 June 1652
|Georgian (Gürcü - Georgian)
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|100. Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha
|20 June 1652
|21 March 1653
|Albanian (Tarhoncu, more seldom transcribed as Tarhoncu = 'Tarragon vendor'; in reference to his former profession)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|101. Koca Dervish Mehmed Pasha
|21 March 1653
|28 October 1654
|Circassian
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|102. İpşiri Mustafa Pasha
|28 October 1654
|11 May 1655
|AbazinDanişmend (1971), p. 40.  (İpşiri = Bearer of good news) One of the seven husbands of Ahmed I's daughter Ayşe Sultan.
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|103. Kara Murat Pasha (2nd time)
|11 May 1655
|19 August 1655
|Albanian
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|104. Ermeni Suleyman Pasha
|19 August 1655
|28 February 1656
|Armenian Ermeni means Armenian. From Malatya.
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|105. Deli Gazi Hüseyin Pasha, also called Deli Hüseyin Pasha
|28 February 1656
|5 March 1656
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 41.  from Yenişehir. Not included in some lists. The imperial seal was sent to him by way of sea to Crete where he was in campaign, but the ships were called back because of Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha's lobbying, who had been appointed in-attorney in between but wanted the full title for him. (Deli = Mad; due to his daring and courage in the battlefield)
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|106. Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha (held office for 4 hours)
|5 March 1656
|5 March 1656
|Albanian (Zurnazen = Clarinettist). Not included in some lists. Promoted from in-attorney title to the rank of full grand vizier due to the influence he exerted on the sultan for Gazi Hüseyin Pasha's dismissal from the office. His appointment caused an uprising in Istanbul and he was exiled after having held the seal for four hours.
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|107. Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I (2nd time)
|5 March 1656
|25 April 1656
|Abazin
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|108. Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha
|26 April 1656
|15 September 1656
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 42.  from Samsun (Boynu yaralı = Wounded neck)
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|109. Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
|15 September 1656
|31 October 1661
|Albanian, from the region of Rushnik, associated with his wife's hometown of Köprü in north-central Anatolia, called Vezirköprü today in honor of the family. (see; Köprülü family)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|110. Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
|31 October 1661
|19 October 1676
|Albanian (see Köprülü family)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|111. Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
|19 October 1676
|25 December 1683
|Turk from Merzifon (adopted son in the Albanian Köprülü family)
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|112. Kara İbrahim Pasha
|15 December 1683
|18 November 1685
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 44. 
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|113. Sarı Süleyman Pasha
|18 November 1685
|18 September 1687
|BosniakDanişmend (1971), p. 45.  (Sarı = Blond)
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|114. Abaza Siyavuş Pasha
|18 September 1687
|23 February 1688
|Abazin
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|115. Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha
|23 February 1688
|2 May 1688
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 46.  from Ayaş)
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|116. Bekri Mustafa Pasha
|30 May 1688
|7 November 1689
|Turk, from Tekirdağ.
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|117. Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha
|10 November 1689
|19 August 1691
|Albanian (Köprülü family)
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|118. Arabacı Ali Pasha
|24 August 1691
|21 March 1692
|AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 47.  (Arabacı = Coachman; in reference to his background)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|119. Merfizonlu Hacı Ali Pasha
|23 March 1692
|17 March 1693
|Turk, from Merzifon.
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|120. Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha
|17 March 1693
|March 1694
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 48.  from Bozok (Yozgat today).
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|121. Sürmeli Ali Pasha
|13 March 1694
|22 April 1695
|(?) Greek (from Dimetoka) (Sürmeli = One who has eyes tinged with kohl)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|122. Elmas Mehmed Pasha
|3 May 1695
|11 September 1697
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 49.  (Elmas = Diamond)
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|123. Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha
|17 September 1697
|4 September 1702
|Albanian (Köprülü family).
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|124. Daltaban Mustafa Pasha
|4 September 1702
|24 January 1703
|BosniakDanişmend (1971), p. 50.  according to Joseph von Hammer, from Manastır (Daltaban = Barefoot)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|125. Rami Mehmed Pasha
|25 January 1703
|22 August 1703
|Turk (?), from Istanbul
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|126. Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha
|22 August 1703
|16 November 1703
|RussianDanişmend (1971), p. 51.  (Kavanoz = A jar; named as such because purportedly very short and fat)
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|127. Damat Hasan Pasha
|18 November 1703
|28 September 1704
|Greek Ottoman, from Morea, Greece (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)128. Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed PashaOctober 170425 December 1704Turk (Kalaylıkoz = Varnished; a reference on his fondness for make-up, ornaments and dresses)129. Teberdar/Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1st time)25 December 17043 May 1706Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 52.  from Osmancık.130. Çorlulu Damat Ali Pasha3 May 170615 June 1710Turk (?), from Çorlu (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)131. Köprülü Numan Pasha16 June 171017 August 1710Albanian (Köprülü family).132. Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)18 August 171020 November 1711Turk, from Osmancık.133. Ağa Yusuf Pasha20 November 171111 November 1712GeorgianDanişmend (1971), p. 53. 134. Silahtar Süleyman Pasha12 November 17126 April 1713Abazin135. Hoca Ibrahim Pasha6 April 17137 April 1713Turk, from Serez (Serres)136. Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha27 April 17135 August 1716TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 54.  from İznik (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)137. Hacı Halil Pasha21 August 1716October 1717Albanian138. Nişancı Mehmed PashaOctober 17179 May 1718Turk (?), from Kayseri139. Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha9 May 171816 October 1730Turk, from Nevşehir. (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)140. Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha16 October 173023 January 1731Turk (?),Danişmend (1971), p. 55.  from Istanbul (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)141. Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha23 January 173111 September 1731Turk, from Şebinkarahisar (Kabakulak = Someone with mumps)142. Topal Osman Pasha21 September 173112 March 1732TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 56.  (Topal = Lame)143. Hekimbaşızâde/Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1st time)12 March 173214 July 1735Italian (son of Venetian convert Hekimbaşı Nuh Efendi)144. Gürcü İsmail Pasha14 July 173525 December 1735Georgian (Gürcü = Georgian)145. 10 January 17365 August 1737Turk (?),Danişmend (1971), p. 57.  from Dimetoka146. Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha22 August 173719 December 1737Arab (?), from Aleppo147. Yeğen Mehmed Pasha3 December 173723 March 1739Turk (Yeğen = Nephew, of the Sultan in his case)148. İvaz Mehmed Pasha17 March 173923 June 1740AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 58. 149. Nişancı Hacı Ahmed Pasha22 July 17407 April 1742Turk, from Alanya150. Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (2nd time)21 April 17424 October 1742Italian (son of Venetian convert Hekimbaşı Nuh Efendi)151. Seyyid Hasan Pasha4 October 174210 August 1746Turk, from Karahisar (Şebinkarahisar today)152. Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha11 August 174624 August 1747(?)Danişmend (1971), p. 59.  (Tiryaki= Someone who has an addiction, to tobacco, opium, alcohol etc.). Reputed to have taken measures which made the prices of these substances plummet during his office.153. Seyyid Abdullah Pasha24 August 17472 January 1750Arab (?), from Kerkük154. Devâtdar/Divitdar Mehmed Pasha9 January 17501 July 1752(?), from Istanbul155. Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1st time)1 July 175216 February 1755Turk (?), from Çorlu (Köse = A bowl, someone with no beard)156. Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (3rd time)16 February 175519 May 1755ItalianDanişmend (1971), p. 60.  (son of Venetian convert Hekimbaşı Nuh Efendi)157. Naili Abdullah Pasha19 May 175524 August 1755Turk, from Istanbul158. Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha, aka Nişancı Ali Pasha24 August 175523 October 1755Turk (?)159. Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha25 October 17551 April 1756Georgian, from Edirne (Yirmisekiz = Twenty-eight; named as such because his father, Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi, had served in the 28th battalion ("orta") in the corps of Janissaries)160. Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (2nd time)30 April 17563 December 1756Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 61.  from Çorlu (Köse = A bowl, someone with no beard)161. Koca Ragıp Pasha12 January 17578 April 1763Turk, from Istanbul162. Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha11 April 176329 September 1763Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 62.  from Develi163. Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (3rd time)29 September 176330 March 1765Turk (?), from Çorlu164. Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1st time)30 March 17657 August 1768Arab (?), son of Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha165. Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha7 August 176820 October 1768Turk, from Develi166. Yağlıkçızade Mehmed Emin PashaOctober 176812 August 1769Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 63.  from Istanbul167. Moldovancı Ali Pasha12 August 176912 December 1769Turk, from Daday168. Ivazzade Halil Pasha13 December 176925 December 1770Albanian (son of İvaz Mehmed Pasha)169. Silahdar Mehmed Pasha25 December 177011 December 1771Turk (?),Danişmend (1971), p. 64.  from Istanbul170. Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)December 17716 August 1774(Arap ?)171. Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1st time)11 August 17747 July 1775172. Moralı Dervish Mehmed Pasha7 July 17755 January 1777Turk (from Mora = The Peloponnese)173. Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha5 January 17771 September 1778Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 65.  from Darende.174. Kalafat Mehmed Pasha1 September 177822 August 1779Bulgarian, from Sofia (Kalafat = Caulker).175. August 177920 February 1781Turk, from Arabsun near Kırşehir176. Izzet Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)20 February 178125 August 1782177. Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha25 August 178231 December 1782TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 66.  (Yeğen = Nephew, to the Ottoman sultan in his case).178. Halil Hamid Pasha31 December 178230 April 1785Turk, from Isparta. Great-grandfather of Kemal Derviş, current administrator of the UNDP.179. Şahin Ali Pasha30 April 178525 January 1786Georgian180. Koca Yusuf Pasha (1st time)25 January 178628 May 1789Georgian181. Cenaze Hasan Pasha or Meyyit Hasan Pasha28 May 17892 January 1790CircassianDanişmend (1971), p. 67.  ("Cenaze" or "Meyyit" = A funeral, a corpse; literally "Hasan Pasha the Funeral" or "Hasan Pasha the Corpse"; named as such because he was in his deathbed, seriously ill, throughout his term)182. Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha2 January 179030 March 1790(?), possibly with origins related to any which one of the Caucasian/Iranian ethnicities, bought as a slave in childhood in eastern Turkey, raised by Turkish family in Tekirdağ. His name Cezayirli means from Algiers since he had been a corsair there.183. Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha16 April 179012 February 1791(?), from Rusçuk.184. Koca Yusuf Pasha (2nd time)12 February 17911792GeorgianDanişmend (1971), p. 68. 185. Damat Melek Mehmed Pasha179221 October 1794Serb (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)186. Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha21 October 179423 October 1798Turk, from Safranbolu.187. Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1st time)23 October 179824 June 1805GeorgianDanişmend (1971), p. 69.  (Kör = Blind)188. Bostancıbaşı Hafız İsmail Pasha24 September 180513 October 1806(?)189. Keçiboynuzu İbrahim Hilmi Pasha13 October 18063 June 1807Turk (?) (Keçiboynuzu = Carob fruit, named as such because purportedly an extremely puny person)190. Çelebi Mustafa Pasha3 June 180729 July 1808(?)Danişmend (1971), p. 70.  (Çelebi = A refined gentleman with good manners)191. Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, also called (Bayrakdar Mustafa Pasha)29 July 180815 November 1808Albanian (?), from Rusçuk. (Alemdar or Bayraktar = standard bearer, same rank with two different names among the Janissaries)192. Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha16 November 1808December 1808Albanian (Çavuşbaşı = Head sergent)Çarhacı Ali PashaDecember 1808March 1809Turk (Çarhacı = Skirmisher)193. Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (2nd time)March 1809February 1811GeorgianDanişmend (1971), p. 71. 194. Laz Ahmed PashaFebruary 1811July 1812Turk (?), Laz195. Hurşit Ahmed PashaJuly 181230 March 1815Georgian, the only grand vizier who committed suicide (while in office)196. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1st time)30 March 18156 January 1818Turk197. Burdurlu Dervish Mehmed Pasha6 January 18185 January 1820(?),Danişmend (1971), p. 72.  from Burdur198. Seyyid Ali Pasha5 January 182021 April 1821Turk199. Benderli Ali Pasha21 April 182130 April 1821(?), from Bender (Moldavia today). The last grand vizier who was executed upon an order clearly given by the sultan (because of the Greek War of Independence).200. 30 April 182111 November 1822Donmeh (?)201. Bostancıbaşı Deli Abdullah Pasha11 November 18224 March 1823TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 73.  (Deli = Mad, literally Abdullah Pasha the Mad)202. Turnacızade Silahdar Ali Pasha4 March 182313 December 1823(?)203. Mehmed Said Galip Pasha13 December 182315 September 1824Turk204. "Benderli" Mehmed Selim Pasha15 September 182426 October 1828(?), from Bender (Moldavia today)205. Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1st time)26 October 182828 January 1829Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 74.  from Darende.206. Reşid Mehmed PashaJanuary 182917 February 1833Georgian or Greek207. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (2nd time)17 February 18338 July 1839Turk208. Husrev Pasha8 July 183929 May 1841AbazinDanişmend (1971), p. 75. 209. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (3rd time)29 May 18417 October 1841Turk210. Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)7 October 18413 September 1842TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 76.  from Darende211. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (4th time)3 September 184231 July 1846Turk212. Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1st time)31 July 184628 April 1848Turk213. İbrahim Sarim Pasha28 April 184813 August 1848TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 77. 214. Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (2nd time)13 August 184827 January 1852Turk215. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (5th time)27 January 18527 March 1852Turk216. Koca Mustafa Reşit Pasha (3rd time)7 March 18527 August 1852TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 78. 217. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1st time)7 August 18524 October 1852Turk218. Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha4 October 185214 May 1853Hamsheni     History and identity among the Hemshin -HOVANN H. SIMONIAN -172(Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman Dynasty).219-220. Mustafa Naili Pasha (1st time)14 May 185330 May 1854Albanian,Danişmend (1971), p. 79.  from Egypt, called Giritli=Cretan because he had served as governor in that island for a long time.221. Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1st time)30 May 185424 November 1854Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 80.  from Cyprus222. Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (4th time)24 November 18544 May 1855Turk223. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (2nd time)4 May 18551 December 1856TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 81. 224. Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (5th time)1 December 18562 August 1857Turk225. Mustafa Naili Pasha (2nd time)2 August 185723 October 1857Albanian226. Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (6th time)23 October 18577 January 1858Turk227. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (3rd time)11 January 18588 October 1859TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 82. 228. Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (2nd time)8 October 185924 December 1859Turk, from Cyprus229. Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1st time)24 December 185927 May 1860Turk (Mütercim = A translator, an interpreter)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|230. Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (3rd time)
|27 May 1860
|6 August 1861
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 83.  from Cyprus
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|231. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (4th time)
|6 August 1861
|22 November 1861
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|232. Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1st time)
|22 November 1861
|6 January 1863
|Turk, from Konya (Keçecizade family).
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|233. Yusuf Kamil Pasha
|6 January 1863
|3 June 1863
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 84. 
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|234. Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (2nd time)
|3 June 1863
|5 June 1866
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|235. Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (2nd time)
|5 June 1866
|11 February 1867
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 85. 
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|236. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (5th time)
|11 February 1867
|7 September 1871
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|237. Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1st time)
|September 1871
|31 July 1872
|Georgian, was often called Nedimoff due to his Russophile policies
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|238. Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (1st time)
|31 July 1872
|19 October 1872
|Turk (?),Danişmend (1971), p. 86.  family from Rusçuk, born in Istanbul.
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|239. Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (3rd time)
|19 October 1872
|February 1873
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|240. Sakızlı Ahmed Esat Pasha (1st time)
|15 February 1873
|15 April 1873
|Turk, from Sakız/Chios
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|241. Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha
|15 April 1873
|14 February 1874
|Turk or Kurd, from Şirvan.
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|242. Hüseyin Avni Pasha
|14 February 1874
|25 April 1875
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 87. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|243. Sakızlı Ahmed Esat Pasha (2nd time)
|April 1875
|August 1875
|Turk, from Sakız (Chios)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|244. Mahmud Nedim Pasha (2nd time)
|21 August 1875
|11 May 1876
|Georgian
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|245. Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (4th time)
|12 May 1876
|19 December 1876
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|246. Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (2nd time)
|19 December 1876
|5 February 1877
|Turk (?)Danişmend (1971), p. 88.  The last grand vizier who was executed -while in exile in Taif-. Whether or not there was a direct order from the Sultan Abdulhamid II remains subject of discussion to this day.)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|247. İbrahim Edhem Pasha
|5 February 1877
|11 January 1878
|Greek, from Chios/Sakız; sold as a slave in childhood to -later- Grand Vizier Husrev Pasha during the 1822 events in that island)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|248. Ahmed Hamdi Pasha
|11 January 1878
|4 February 1878
|AbazinDanişmend (1971), p. 89. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|249. Ahmed Vefik Pasha
|4 February 1878
|18 April 1878
|Turk, from Istanbul.
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|250. Mehmed Sadık Pasha
|18 April 1878
|28 May 1878
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 90. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|251. Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (5th time)
|28 May 1878
|4 June 1878
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|252. Saffet Pasha
|4 June 1878
|October 1878
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 91. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|253. Tunuslu Hayreddin Pasha
|October 1878
|28 July 1879
|Abazin
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|254. Ahmed Arifi Pasha
|28 July 1879
|September 1879
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|255. Mehmed Said Pasha (1st time)
|18 October 1879
|9 June 1880
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 92. 
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|256. Kadri Pasha
|9 June 1880
|12 September 1880
|Turk, from Antep
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|257. Mehmed Said Pasha (2nd time)
|12 September 1880
|2 May 1882
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 93. 
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|258. Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha
|2 May 1882
|12 July 1882
|Turk, from Kütahya (Germiyanid family)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|259. Mehmed Said Pasha (3rd time)
|12 July 1882
|30 November 1882
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 94. 
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|260. Ahmed Vefik Pasha (2nd time)
|1 December 1882
|3 December 1882
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|261. Mehmed Said Pasha (4th time)
|3 December 1882
|24 September 1885
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|262. Kâmil Pasha (1st time)
|25 September 1885
|4 September 1891
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 95.  from Cyprus.
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|263. Ahmed Cevat Şakir Pasha
|4 September 1891
|8 June 1895
|Turk, from Kabaağaç in Afyonkarahisar (Şakirpaşazade family)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|264. Mehmed Said Pasha (5th time)
|9 June 1895
|3 October 1895
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|265. Kâmil Pasha (2nd time)
|3 October 1895
|7 November 1895
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 96.  from Cyprus.
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|266. Halil Rifat Pasha
|7 November 1895
|9 November 1901
|Turk (?), from Serez
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|267. Mehmed Said Pasha (6th time)
|13 November 1901
|15 January 1903
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|268. Avlonyalı Mehmed Ferid Pasha
|15 January 1903
|22 July 1908
|Albanian,Danişmend (1971), p. 97.  from Avlonya (Vlorë)
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|269. Mehmed Said Pasha (7th time)
|22 July 1908
|6 August 1908
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|270. Kâmil Pasha (3rd time)
|5 August 1908
|14 February 1909
|Turk, from Cyprus
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|271. Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1st time)
|14 February 1909
|14 April 1909
|Greek or TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 98.  from Cyprus
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|272. Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (1st time)
|14 April 1909
|5 May 1909
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|273. Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (2nd time)
|5 May 1909
|12 January 1910
|Greek or Turk, from Midilli
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|274. İbrahim Hakkı Pasha
|12 January 1910
|30 September 1911
|Turk (?)Danişmend (1971), p. 99. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|275-276. Mehmed Said Pasha (8th time)
|30 September 1911
|22 July 1912
|Turk
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|277. Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
|22 July 1912
|29 October 1912
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 100.  from Bursa
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|278. Kâmil Pasha (4th time)
|29 October 1912
|23 January 1913
|Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 101.  from Cyprus
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|279. Mahmud Shevket Pasha
|23 January 1913
|11 June 1913
|Chechen (?), CircassianNâzım Tektaş, Sadrazamlar: Osmanlı'da ikinci adam saltanatı, Çatı Kitapları, 2002, p. . and/or ArabAli Bilgenoğlu, Osmanlı Devleti'nde Arap milliyetçi cemiyetler, Müdafaa-i Hukuk Yayınları, 2007, p. 87. Ottoman, from Baghdad
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|280. Said Halim Pasha
|12 June 1913
|4 February 1917
|Albanian (?)Danişmend (1971), p. 102.  Albanian origins (from the family of the Khedives of Egypt)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|281. Mehmed Talaat Pasha
|4 February 1917
|14 October 1918
|(?), from Edirne
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|282-283. Ahmed Izzet Pasha
|14 October 1918
|11 November 1918
|AlbanianDanişmend (1971), p. 103. Nâzım Tektaş, Sadrazamlar: Osmanlı'da ikinci adam saltanatı, Çatı Kitapları, 2002, p. . Ottoman, from Istanbul
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|284. Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (2nd time)
|11 November 1918
|4 March 1919
|TurkDanişmend (1971), p. 104. 
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|285-287. Damat Ferid Pasha (1st time)
|4 March 1919
|2 October 1919
|Albanian Serbian with family origins in the village of Potoci, near Pljevlja (Damat, bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|288. Ali Rıza Pasha
|2 October 1919
|8 March 1920
|Turk (?),Danişmend (1971), p. 105.  from Istanbul
|- bgcolor="#e5e5e5"
|289. Salih Hulusi Pasha
|8 March 1920
|5 April 1920
|Circassian, from Istanbul
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|290-291. Damat Ferid Pasha (2nd time)
|5 April 1920
|21 October 1920
|Albanian Serbian with family origins in the village of Potoci, near Pljevlja (Damat'', bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)292. Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (3rd time)21 October 19201 November 1922Turk,Danişmend (1971), p. 106.  last grand vizier

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