Channa gachua

{{Taxobox
| name = Channa gachua
| image = Channa gachua TH203 - W004.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = 
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Chordata
| classis = Actinopterygii
| ordo = Anabantiformes
| familia = Channidae
| genus = Channa
| species = C. gachua| binomial = Channa gachua| binomial_authority = (Hamilton, 1822)
| synonyms =
 Ophiocephalus gachua   (1822).  An account of the Fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches.   p. 68.  Edinburgh : Printed for Archibald Constable & Co.  Plate XXI.
 Ophiocephalus aurantiacus 
 Ophiocephalus gachua var. basalis 
 Ophicephalus cora-mota 
 Ophicephalus fuscus 
 Ophicephalus marginatus 
 Ophicephalus montanus 

Sumber: Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. (eds) (2022).  Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references. (http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp). Versi elektronik diakses pada 08/IV/2022.
}}Channa gachua' adalah sejenis ikan air tawar anggota suku Channidae (kerabat gabus). Ikan buas ini menyebar luas di Asia Selatan, mulai dari Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India (Benggala Barat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goalpara, Visakhapatnam), Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Langka, hingga ke Burma.  Bertubuh relatif kecil, dalam bahasa Inggris ikan ini dikenal sebagai Dwarf snakehead, Frog snakehead, dan juga Brown snakehead. (2004). USGS Circular 1251: Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) - A Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

 Jenis serupa 
jmpl|kiri|180px|Pelat identifikasi
jmpl|kiri|180px|Sirip dada dengan pola belang konsentris di pangkalnyaChanna gachua sebelumnya dianggap menyebar luas, bahkan hingga ke Asia Timur dan Indonesia.  Berdasarkan banyak kajian genetika dan filogeografi, kelompok C. gachua itu kini telah dibeda-bedakan, paling tidak, atas sekitar 20-an spesies, termasuk yang belum dideskripsi. (2019). "Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) diversity and the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot".  J. Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58:356–386.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12324  (laman ResearchGate) (2019). "Channa rara, a new species of snakehead fish from the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, India (Teleostei: Anabantiformes: Channidae)". Zootaxa, 4683:589–600.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.8  Kelompok ikan ini, dengan perkecualian satu spesies, memiliki ciri bersama yaitu pola belang-belang konsentris pada pangkal sirip dadanya. (2020).  "Channa kelaartii, a valid species of dwarf snakehead from Sri Lanka and southern peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae)".  Vertebrate Zoology 70(2):157-170 (April 2020).  https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ70-2-2020-05

Di wilayah Srilanka, C. gachua sangat mirip dan dapat tertukar dengan Channa orientalis yang endemik di negeri itu. Sebagian ahli malah menganggapnya bersinonim.

Sementara itu di Burma, Channa harcourtbutleri memiliki bentuk tubuh serupa dan hanya dapat dibedakan melalui pengamatan yang teliti. (1999). "Channa harcourtbutleri (Annandale, 1918): a valid species of snakehead (Perciformes: Channidae) from Myanmar". J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 57-63.  (laman ResearchGate)C. gachua (sensu stricto) kini diketahui hanya menyebar luas di Asia Selatan.  Sedangkan takson serupa yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia bagian barat sekarang dikenal sebagai C. limbata.  (2017). "Barcoding snakeheads (Teleostei, Channidae) revisited: discovering greater species diversity and resolving perpetuated taxonomic confusions". PLoS ONE, 12(9): e0184017.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184017

 Kelompok Gachua 
Beberapa jenis yang termasuk kelompok Gachua, di antaranya:
 Channa amphibeus .  (1845). "Description of four species of fishes from the rivers at the foot of the Boutan Mountains". Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 5(18):274-282. (as Ophicephalus amphibeus p. 275)  Menyebar di Asia Selatan: India timur laut dan Bhutan.
 Channa andrao .  (2013). "Channa andrao, a new species of dwarf snakehead from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Channidae)". Zootaxa, 3731(2):287-294.  (abstrak).  India: Benggala Barat, distrik Jalpaiguri.
 Channa aurantimaculata .  (2000). "Channa aurantimaculata, a new channid fish from Assam (Brahmaputra River basin), India, with designation of a neotype for C. amphibeus (McClelland, 1845)". Ichthyological Research, 47(1):27-37. (laman Academia).  India: Assam utara (Dibrugarh).
 Channa aurantipectoralis . (2016).  "Channa aurantipectoralis, a new species of snakehead from Mizoram, north-eastern India (Teleostei: Channidae)".  Zootaxa, 4147(3):343-350. (abstrak).  India: Mizoram, aliran Sungai Karnaphuli.
 Channa barca (.  (1822).  Op. cit.  p.67, 367, Pl. 35 (fig. 20).  Asia Selatan: India utara, Bhutan, Nepal, dan Bangladesh.
 Channa bipuli .  (2018).  "Channa bipuli, a new species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Assam, northeast India". aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 24(4):153-166. (abstrak ).  India: Assam: sungai-sungai di hutan Garbhanga.
 Channa bleheri .  (1991).  "Ein farbenfroher neuer Schlangenkopffisch aus Assam: Channa bleheri spec. nov." Das Aquarium, Magazin für zeitgemässe Vivaristik, 25(259): 20-24.  India: Assam: aliran Sungai Brahmaputra.
 Channa brahmacharyi . (2020).  "Channa brahmacharyi sp. nov., a new species of dwarf snakehead from Meghalaya, north-east India (Teleostei: Channidae)". Species, v. 21(67):101-108.  India: Meghalaya, DAS Simsang.
 Channa brunnea .  (2019).  "Channa brunnea, a new species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from West Bengal, India".  Zootaxa, 4624(1):59-70. (abstrak).  India: Benggala Barat, DAS Sankosh - Jalpaiguri.
 Channa burmanica .  (1919).  "Report on a small collection of fish from Putao (Hkamti Long) on the northern frontier of Burma".  Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta), 16(4; art. 18):271-287. (Channa burmanica p.284, Pl. 22. fig. 4, 4a-b).  Asia Selatan: Burma, dataran Putao.
 Channa gachua 
 Channa harcourtbutleri .  (1918).  "Fish and fisheries of the Inlé Lake".  Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta), 14:33-64.  (Ophiocephalus harcourt-butleri p. 54, Pl. 2 fig. 7, Pls. 4 figs. 16-17).  Asia Selatan: Burma (Shan selatan), Yunnan.
 Channa hoaluensis .  (2011).  "Two new species belonging to genus Channa (Channidae, Perciformes) discovered in Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam". Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (Journal of Biology), 33(4):8-17. 15 July 2012. (abstract).  Vietnam: Propinsi Ninh Binh, distrik Hoa Lu.
 Channa limbata .  (1831).  Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième VII:412 (bagian dari uraian Ophicephalus marginatus);  Planche 201. F. G. Levrault, Paris. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208. Asia Tenggara dan Timur:  Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia hingga ke Vietnam dan Cina.
 Channa lipor .  (2019).  "A new species of dwarf Channa (Teleostei: Channidae) from Meghalaya, northeast India". Copeia, 107(1):61-70. (laman ResearchGate).  India, Meghalaya, DAS Umraling. 
 Channa melanostigma .  (2011).  "Channa melanostigma, a new species of freshwater snakehead from north-east India (Teleostei: Channidae)". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 107(3) [2010]:231-235.  India utara: DAS Brahmaputra.
 Channa ninhbinhensis .  Vietnam: Propinsi Ninh Binh: distrik Hoa Lu, Gia Vien dan Yen Mo.
 Channa nox .  (2002).  "Channa nox, a new channid fish lacking a pelvic fin from Guangxi, China".  Ichthyological Research, 49(2):140-146. (laman ResearchGate).  Cina: Guangxi, DAS Nanliujiang.
 Channa orientalis .  (1801).  M.E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110. (C. orientalis p.496, Pl. 90.  Asia Selatan: Srilangka baratdaya.
 Channa ornatipinnis .  (2008).  "Channa ornatipinnis and C. pulchra, two new species of dwarf snakeheads from Myanmar (Teleostei: Channidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 18(4) [for 2007]:335-344. (abstrak).  Burma: Rakhine State: Waloun Chaung.
 Channa panaw .  (1998).  "Channa panaw, a new channid fish from the Irrawaddy and Sittang River basins, Myanmar". Ichthyological Research, 45(4):355-362. (abstrak).  Burma.
 Channa pardalis .  (2016).  "Channa pardalis, a new species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Meghalaya, northeastern India". Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(3):8583-8589.  Hanya diketahui dari Pegunungan Khasi, Meghalaya, India baratlaut.
 Channa pulchra .    Burma: Rakhine State: Kyeinthali Chaung.
 Channa punctata .  (1793).  Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360. (Ophicephalus punctatus: Pt.2 v.4 th.7:139, Pt.2 Atlas 4: Pl. 358).  Asia Selatan, Asia Tenggara, hingga ke Asia Timur: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Srilangka, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia dan Cina; diintroduksi ke negeri-negeri lainnya.
 Channa quinquefasciata .  (2018).  "Channa quinquefasciata, a new species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Torsa River, North Bengal, India". aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 24(4):141-152. (abstrak ).  India utara: aliran S. Brahmaputra: DAS S. Torsa.
 Channa rara .  India, Maharashtra, DAS Jagbudi.
 Channa shingon .  (2017).  "Description of a new dwarf snakehead (Perciformes: Channidae) from western Yunnan".  Vertebrate Zoology, v. 67(2):173-178.  Cina: Yunnan, bagian hulu DAS Irrawaddy dan Salween;  kemungkinan juga di Burma.
 Channa stewartii .  (1867).  "On the fishes of Cachar". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867(pt 1; art. 3) (for 10 Jan. 1867):14-17.  (Ophiocephalus stewartii p.14, Pl. 3).  India (Benggala Barat, Assam), Bangladesh, Bhutan dan Nepal, mungkin juga lebih jauh ke timur.
 Channa stiktos .  (2018).  "Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of snakehead fish, Channa stiktos (Teleostei: Channidae), from Mizoram, North Eastern India". Vertebrate Zoology 68(2):165-175.  India timurlaut, Mizoram, DAS Kaladan.
 Channa torsaensis'' .  (2019).  "A new ornamental species of snakehead fish (Teleostei: Channidae) from River Torsa of West Bengal, India". Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(6):497-503 (2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7131  India: Benggala Barat, DAS Torsa.

 Referensi 

 Pranala luar 

 ITIS: Channa gachua. Diakses pada 28 September 2012.
 FishBase: Channa gachua. Diakses pada 28 September 2012.
 snakeheads.org

Kategori:Channidae
Kategori:Fauna India