K League 1

K League 1 (Hangul: K리그1) adalah divisi sepak bola profesional teratas dari sistem liga sepak bola Korea Selatan. Liga ini diikuti oleh dua belas klub.

 Pembentukan 
K-League didirikan pada 1983 sebagai Liga Super Korea, dengan anggota lima klub. Lima klub pertama adalah Hallelujah FC, Yukong Kokkiri, POSCO Dolphins, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank FC. Hallelujah FC memenangkan gelar perdananya, menyelesaikan satu poin di depan Daewoo FC untuk mengangkat mahkota.

Pada 1998, liga sepak bola Korea direformasi dan diganti namanya menjadi K-League. Sejak didirikan, liga telah berkembang dari 5 hingga 15 klub awal. Dari 5 klub pengukuhan, hanya Yukong Kokkiri, POSCO Dolphins, dan Daewoo Royals yang tersisa di K-League; Kookmin Bank FC keluar dari liga pada akhir 1984, dan Hallelujah FC mengikuti musim berikutnya.

 Struktur 
Saat ini K-League adalah satu-satunya liga profesional di Korea. Ini berisi enam belas klub anggota.

Di bawah level K-League terdapat Liga Nasional, liga semi-profesional / amatir tertutup dengan lima belas klub, didirikan pada tahun 2003. Level ketiga sepak bola di Korea adalah Challengers League.

Saat ini, tidak ada sistem resmi promosi dan degradasi di antara ketiga liga. Namun, mulai tahun 2006, juara Liga Nasional telah memenuhi syarat untuk promosi ke Liga-K asalkan mereka telah memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Goyang Kookmin Bank dan Ulsan Mipo Dockyard, juara Liga Nasional pada tahun 2006 dan 2007, keduanya menolak kesempatan untuk naik ke K-League. Setelah penolakan promosi K-League back-to-back, komite Liga Nasional memutuskan untuk menghentikan sistem promosi bersyarat sebelum musim 2008.

 Kejadian Penting 
K Liga Klasik didirikan pada tahun 1983 sebagai Korea Super League, dengan lima klub anggota. Lima klub awal adalah Hallelujah FC, Yukong Gajah, POSCO Dolphins, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank FC. Haleluya FC memenangkan gelar perdana, menyelesaikan satu poin dari Daewoo Royals untuk mengangkat mahkota.

Pada tahun 1998, liga sepak bola Korea direformasi dan berganti nama menjadi Liga K. (K League adalah ortografi resmi tahun 2012) Sejak pembentukannya, liga telah berkembang dari awal 5 sampai 16 klub. Dari 5 klub perdana, hanya Yukong Gajah, POSCO Dolphins, dan Daewoo Royals tetap di Liga K; Kookmin Bank FC keluar dari liga pada akhir tahun 1984, dan Hallelujah FC diikuti musim ini setelah.

Pada tahun 2013, K League memperkenalkan sistem divisi. Nama divisi pertama adalah K Liga klasik, nama divisi kedua adalah K Liga Challenge dan nama merek komprehensif K League.

Di bawah K Liga klasik, ada K Liga Challenge, dan di bawah K Liga Challenge, ada Liga Nasional, liga semi-profesional tertutup dengan sepuluh klub, didirikan pada tahun 2003. Tingkat keempat sepak bola di Korea adalah K3.

Tidak ada sistem resmi promosi dan degradasi. Namun, mulai tahun 2013, juara K Liga Challenge memenuhi syarat untuk promosi ke K League Classic, asalkan mereka telah memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Pada musim 2012, dua tim dari K Liga Klasik diturunkan ke K Liga Challenge, dan pada tahun 2013, dua tim akan diturunkan ke K Liga Challenge, dan 11 ditempatkan tim dari K League Classic.

 Sejarah K-League 

 Juara K-League 
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma are the most successful team in terms of championship victories, having lifted the title on no less than seven occasions. The roll-call of champions is as follows (present-date names included where teams have changed names previously):

 K-League's principle of official statistics is that final club succeeds to predecessor club's history & records.

 Gelar berdasarkan Musim 
2000—sekarang
MusimPemenangJuara Dua2000Anyang LG CheetahsBucheon SK  2001Seongnam Ilhwa ChunmaAnyang LG Cheetahs 2002Seongnam Ilhwa ChunmaUlsan Hyundai Horang-i2003Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i2004Suwon Samsung Bluewings Pohang Steelers 2005Ulsan Hyundai Horang-iIncheon United2006Seongnam Ilhwa ChunmaSuwon Samsung Bluewings 2007Pohang Steelers Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma2008Suwon Samsung Bluewings FC Seoul2009Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 2010FC Seoul Jeju United2011Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors Ulsan Hyundai2012FC Seoul Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors2013Pohang SteelersUlsan Hyundai2014Jeonbuk Hyundai MotorsSuwon Samsung Bluewings2015Jeonbuk Hyundai MotorsSuwon Samsung Bluewings2016FC SeoulJeonbuk Hyundai Motors2017Jeonbuk Hyundai MotorsJeju United2018Jeonbuk Hyundai MotorsGyeongnam FC2019Jeonbuk Hyundai MotorsUlsan Hyundai

 Gelar berdasarkan Klub 
 Klub  Pemenang  Runner-up  Menang  Runners-Up SeasonsSeongnam Ilhwa Chunma<center> 7<center> 3 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006 1992, 2007, 2009Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors<center> 7<center> 1 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 20192016FC Seoul<center> 6<center> 5 1985, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2016 1986, 1989, 1993, 2001, 2008Pohang Steelers<center> 5<center> 41986, 1988, 1992, 2007, 20131985, 1987, 1995, 2004Suwon Samsung Bluewings<center> 4<center> 41998, 1999, 2004, 20081996, 2006, 2014, 2015Busan IPark<center> 4<center> 3 1984, 1987, 1991, 1997 1983, 1990, 1999Ulsan Hyundai<center> 2<center> 8 1996, 2005 1988, 1991, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2011, 2013, 2019Jeju United<center> 1<center> 5 1989 1984, 1994, 2000, 2010, 2017Hallelujah FC<center> 1<center> 0 1983 Chunnam Dragons<center> 0<center> 1 1997Incheon United<center> 0<center> 1 2005Gyeongnam FC<center>0<center>12018

 Gelar brdasarkan Kota / Wilayah 
 Since 1987 season: K-League introduced home and away matches system in 1987.
City / AreaTitlesClubs<center> Seoul<center>6Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1990), FC Seoul (2010, 2012)Ilhwa Chunma (1993, 1994, 1995)<center>Seongnam<center>4Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2001, 2002, 2003, 2006)<center>Suwon<center>4Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1998, 1999, 2004, 2008)<center>Pohang<center>3POSCO Atoms (1988, 1992), Pohang Steelers (2007)<center>Busan<center>2Daewoo Royals (1991), Busan Daewoo Royals (1997)<center>Jeonbuk<center>2Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2009, 2011)<center>Ulsan<center>2Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996, 2005)<center>Anyang<center>1Anyang LG Cheetahs (2000)<center>Busan+Gyeongnam<center>1Daewoo Royals (1987)<center>Incheon+Gyeonggi<center>1Yukong Kokkiri (1989)

 Sponsor Gelar 
 Start End Name 1983 1993 <CENTER>None 1994 1995  Hite 1996 1997  Rapido 1998 -  Hyundai 1999 -  Buy Korea 2000 -  Samsung DigiTall 2001 -  POSCO 2002 2008  Samsung Hauzen 2009 - <CENTER>None 2010 -  Hyundai Motor Company Sonata 2011 2012  Hyundai Oilbank

 Klub K-League Sepanjang Masa 
There have been a total of 19 member clubs in the history of the K-League - those clubs are listed below with their current names (where applicable):

 K-League's principle of official statistics is that final club succeeds to predecessor club's history & records.

Club (Duration)Owner(s)Sponsor(s)Note POSCO Dolphins (1983–1984)  POSCO Atoms (1985–1994)  Pohang Atoms (1995–1996)  Pohang Steelers (1997–present) Pohang Steelworks in POSCO  Founded as a Semi-Professional FC on April 1973  Transferred into a Professional FC on Februari 1984 Hallelujah FC (1983–1985) defunct Shindongah Group  Inauguration Date - 20 December 1980 Yukong Kokkiri (1983–1995)  Bucheon Yukong (1996–1997.09.30)  Bucheon SK (1997.10.01–2005)  Jeju United (2006–present) SK Energy[1] in SK Group   Inauguration Date - 17 December 1982 Daewoo Royals (1983–1995)  Busan Daewoo Royals (1996–1999)  Pusan I'Cons (2000–2004)  Busan I'Park (2005–2011)  Busan IPark (2012–present) defunct Daewoo Group (1983–1999)  IPark Sports in Hyundai Development Company (2000–present)  Founded as a Semi-Professional FC in 1979  Refounded as a Professional FC  Inauguration Date - 3 December 1983 Kookmin Bank FC (1983–1984) Kookmin Bank  Played as a Semi-Professional FC Hyundai Horang-i (1984–1995)  Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996–2008)  Ulsan Hyundai (2008–present) Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Motor Group (1984–1997)Hyundai Heavy Industries in Hyundai Heavy Industries Group (1998–present)  Inauguration Date - 6 December 1983 Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1984–1990)  LG Cheetahs (1991–1995)  Anyang LG Cheetahs (1996–2003)  FC Seoul (2004–present) LG Sports in LG Group (1984–2004)  GS Sports in GS Group[2] (2004–present)   Inauguration Date - 22 December 1983 Hanil Bank FC (1984–1986) Hanil Bank[3]   Played as a Semi-Professional FC  Ilhwa Chunma (1989–1995)  Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma (1996–1999)  Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2000–present) Ilhwa in Tongil Group  Inauguration Date - 18 March 1989 Jeonbuk Buffalo (1994)  Bobaesoju (1994) Inauguration Date - 1993  Dissolution Date - 1994 Jeonbuk Dinos (1995–1996)  Jeonbuk Hyundai Dinos (1997–1999)  Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2000–present) Consortium of Hyunyang & Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Motor Group and (1995–1998)  Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Motor Group (1999–present)   Inauguration Date - 12 December 1994 Chunnam Dragons (1995–present) Gwangyang Steelworks in POSCO  Inauguration Date - 16 December 1994 Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1996–present) Samsung Electronics in Samsung Group  Inauguration Date - 15 December 1995 Daejeon Citizen (1997–present) Government of Daejeon  Citizen Stockholder Kyeryong Construction  Hanwha Group Inauguration Date - 12 March 1997 Daegu FC (2003–present) Government of Daegu  Citizen Stockholder Doosan Group  Daegu Bank Inauguration Date - 19 March 2003 Sangmu FC (1985)  Gwangju Sangmu Bulsajo (2003–2007)  Gwangju Sangmu FC (2008–2010)  Sangju Sangmu Phoenix (2011–present) Ministry of National Defence (1985)Government of Gwangju & Ministry of National Defence (2003–2010) Government of Sangju & Ministry of National Defence (2011–present) Official statistics of Sangmu FC, Gwangju Sangmu, Sanju Sangmu are separated by K-League.Because They are special clubs for military service.  Incheon United (2004–present) Government of Incheon  Citizen Stockholder Daewoo E&C  Shinhan Bank  GM Daewoo Inauguration Date - 1 March 2004 Gyeongnam FC (2006–present) Government of Gyeongsangnam-do  Citizen Stockholder  STX Corporation  Gyeongnam Bank Inauguration Date - 17 January 2006  Gangwon FC (2009–present) Government of Gangwon-do  Citizen Stockholder  High1 Resort  Nong Hyup Inauguration Date - 18 December 2008 Gwangju FC (2011–present) Government of Gwangju  Citizen Stockholder  Gwangju Bank Inauguration Date - 16 December 2010

[1] Yokong renamed to SK Energy
[2] GS Group is separated from LG Group
[3] Hanil Bank is merged by Woori Bank
Note: Kokkiri means elephant, Horang-i means tiger, Hwangso means bull, Chunma means pegasus, Bulsajo means phoenix.</small>

 Franchise relocations in K-League 
 Not Franchised Period (1983–1986): K-League Clubs had franchise but clubs played the all game of round at one stadium.
 Franchised Period (1987–present): K-League introduced home and away matches system in 1987.
 Clubs which are not listed in the table don't have franchise relocations.

 Club Original City / Area (Joined Year) Not Franchised Period  1983-1986 Franchised Period  1987–present Pohang Steelers Daegu+Gyeongbuk (1983) N/A Pohang (1990 / 1988[1]-present) Jeju United Seoul+Incheon+Gyeonggi (1983) Seoul (1984) Incheon+Gyeonggi (1987) ▶  Seoul (1991) ▶  Bucheon / Mok-dong, Seoul (1996)[2] ▶  Bucheon (2001) ▶  Jeju (2006–present) Busan IPark Busan+Gyeongnam (1983) N/A Busan (1990 / 1989[1]-present) Ulsan Hyundai Incheon+Gyeonggi (1984) Incheon+Gyeonggi+Gangwon(1986) Gangwon (1987) ▶  Ulsan (1990–present) FC Seoul Chungcheong (1984) N/A Chungcheong (1987) ▶  Seoul (1990) ▶  Anyang (1996) ▶  Seoul (2004–present) Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma Seoul (1989) N/A Cheonan (1996) ▶  Seongnam (2000–present) Sangju Sangmu Phoenix Gwangju (2003) N/A Gwangju (2003) ▶  Sangju (2011–present)
[1] K-League officially began city franchise policy in 1990, But Pohang Stleeers began in 1988 and Busan I'Park began in 1989.
[2] Actually Bucheon SK held all home matches at Mokdong Stadium in Seoul until 2000. Because Bucheon Stadium was under construction.

 PEnghargaan K-League 
 Penghargaan Pemain Terbaik K-League
 Penghargaan Pencetak Gol Terbanyak K-League
 Penghargaan Assist Terbanyak K-League
 K-League Rookie of the Year Award
 PEnghargaan Manajer Tahunan K-League
 Terbaik XI K-League
 Pemain 'FAN'tastis K-League
 K-League Players' Player of the Year YAAHAHAHAHAYUKKK

 Pemain 

 Pencetak gol 
Following list is all-time top scorers in the K-League. Goals are including league and league cup goals.

RankPlayerGoals1 Lee Dong-Gook1212 Woo Sung-Yong1163 Kim Do-Hoon1144 Kim Hyun-Seok1105 Kim Eun-Jung1076 Saša Drakulić1047 Yoon Sang-Chul1018 Shin Tae-Yong999 Dejan Damjanović9310 Roh Sang-Rae76<small>(Italics denotes players still playing professional football,Bold denotes players still playing in the K-League).

 Appearances 
Following list is all-time most appearances in the K-League. Appearances are including league and league cup.

RankPlayerAppearances1 Kim Byung-Ji5682 Kim Gi-Dong5013 Choi Eun-Sung4644 Woo Sung-Yong4395 Kim Sang-Sik4116 Shin Tae-Yong4017 Kim Hyun-Soo3838 Lee Woon-Jae3779 Kim Hyun-Seok37110 Kim Han-Yoon367<small>(Italics denotes players still playing professional football,Bold denotes players still playing in the K-League).

 Foreign Players 

SeasonSquadPlay in matchNote1983–199322199432If three players chosen to  in one club,three foreign players can play.1995331996–200053From 1997 season, foreign goalkeepers were restricted in play the match.* 1997 season: Two-third of all matches* 1998 season: one-third of all matches* From 1999 season: foreign goalkeepers were restricted in K-League2001–200273Temporary operation due to support the World Cup 2003–2004532005432006–2008332009–3+13+1'+1' is Asian quota.

At the inception of the K-League in 1983, only two Brazilian players made rosters. At the time, rules allowed each club to have three foreign players and that the three could also play simultaneously in a game. From the 1996 season, each team had five foreign players among whom three could play in a game at the same time. Moreover,
from the 2000 season to the 2002 season, the limit on foreign players was expanded seven but only three could play in a game at the same time. The limit was lower to five in 2003, four in 2005, and three in 2007. From the 2009 season, the number of foreign players went back up to four per team, including a slot for a player from AFC countries.

In the 1985 season, Piyapong Pue-on of Thailand led foreign players in the league in scoring and assists. Other leading players were Rade Bogdanović, who had 10 goals and 10 assists in the 1996 season. Valeri Sarychev, the K-League's most famous foreign goalkeeper, played in 320 league games from 1992 to 2004. He was eventually naturalized as a Korean citizen and given the Korean name Shin Eui-Son which means God's hand because of his stellar play.

In the 1990s, the trend was for the K-League to get foreign players from Eastern Europe like Rade Bogdanović, Radivoje Manic, Saša Drakulić and Denis Laktionov. From 2000, Brazilians became the K-League's priority such as Tavares, Mota, Nádson, Adilson and Edu. Since 2009, players from AFC have been fairly popular especially those from Australia, China PR, Japan and Uzbekistan.

Notable Foreign Players

 Africa
  Michel Pensée
  Jean-Kasongo Banza
  Mutamba Kabongo
  Derek Asamoah
  Cheick Oumar Dabo
 Asia
  Ahmad Elrich
  Matt McKay
  Saša Ognenovski
  Li Weifeng
  Feng Xiaoting
  Huang Bowen
  Abbas Obeid Jassim
  Naohiro Takahara
  Kazuyuki Toda
  Akihiro Ienaga
  Valeri Sarychev
  Piyapong Pue-on
  Server Djeparov
  Alexander Geynrikh
  Timur Kapadze

 Europe
  Jasmin Agić
  Mato Neretljak
  Dalian Atkinson
  Frank Lieberam
  Paulo Rink
  Slavčo Georgievski
  Stevica Ristić
  Ion Testemitanu
  Dejan Damjanović
  Dženan Radončić
  Kiki Musampa
  Ricardo Nascimento
  Pavel Badea
  Adrian Neaga

 Europe (cont.)
  Gabriel Popescu
  Ianis Zicu
  Denis Laktionov
  Andrei Solomatin
  Rade Bogdanović
  Saša Drakulić
  Ognjen Koroman
  Radivoje Manic
  Dragan Mladenović
  Alpay Özalan
  Ceyhun Eriş
  Rahim Zafer
  Vitaliy Parakhnevych
  Volodymyr Savchenko

 South America
  Carlos Esteban Frontini
  Juan Arce
  Andrezinho
  Dodô
  Edmilson
  Edu Gonçalves
  Grafite
  Itamar
  Leandro Machado
  Léomar Leiria
  Magno Alves
  Mota
  Nádson
  Renaldo
  Roberto

 South America (cont.)
  Juan Carlos Arce
  Hugo Droguett
  Mauricio Molina
  Carmelo Valencia
  Juan Estiven Vélez
  José Ortigoza
  Arsenio Luzardo

 North America, Central America & Caribbean
  Jeaustin Campos

 Lihat juga 
 K-League Championship
 Piala K-League
 R-League
 High School Club Challenge League
 Korean National Youth Football League
 Piala FA Korea
 Piala Super Korea
 Liga Champions AFC
 Liga Nasional Korea
 Challengers League
 U-League
 K-League All-Star Game
 Korean football league system
 Daftar klub sepak bola di Korea Selatan
 List of foreign K-League players

 Referensi 

 Pranala luar 
 Official K-League website 
 Official K-League Facebook 
 Official K-League Twitter 
 Official K-League YouTube channel 
 ROKfootball.com website 
 Footkorean.net website  
 Soccerphile K-League news 
 2017 Korea League  (bahasa Indonesia)

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Korea Selatan