Italia-Amerika Serikat

Italia Amerika (tunggal: italoamericano, jamak: italoamericani), adalah warga Amerika Serikat keturunan Italia, juga dapat merujuk kepada seseorang yang memiliki kewarganegaraan ganda Italia dan Amerika. Italia Amerika adalah kelompok etnis Eropa terbesar keempat di Amerika Serikat (tidak termasuk mereka yang menyebut komunitas mereka sebagai orang Amerika, etnonim yang digunakan oleh banyak orang di Amerika Serikat). Secara keseluruhan, kelompok Italia Amerika menempati peringkat tujuh di bawah warga keturunan Jerman, Irlandia, Afrika Amerika, Inggris, Amerika dan Meksiko.

Sekitar 5,5 juta orang dari Italia berimigrasi ke AS 1820-2004. Gelombang terbesar imigrasi terjadi pada periode antara 1880 dan 1920, membawa lebih dari 4 juta orang Italia ke Amerika. Sekitar 80% dari imigran Italia berasal dari Italia Selatan, terutama dari Sisilia dan Napoli, bekas Kerajaan Dua Sisilia. Wilayah ini terutama di pedesaan, mengalami kelebihan penduduk dan ekonomi terbelakang, sedikit manfaat dari proses industrialisasi yang lebih terkonsentrasi di bagian utara negara itu setelah penyatuan Italia. Pemerintah Italia bahkan mendorong emigrasi petani tak bertanah untuk meringankan tekanan ekonomi di Italia Selatan. Di Amerika Serikat, orang-orang Italia yang pada awalnya memulai kehidupan baru mereka sebagai pekerja manual dan tidak terampil. Warga Italia Amerika bertahap berpindah status sosial dari tangga yang lebih rendah di awal 1900-an ke tingkat yang sebanding dengan rata-rata nasional pada tahun 1970. Masyarakat Italia Amerika pada umumnya ditandai dengan hubungan yang kuat dengan keluarga, Gereja Katolik, lembaga komunitas dan partai politik. Hari ini, lebih dari 17,8 juta orang Amerika mengaku memiliki keturunan Italia.

Pengalaman orang Italia dan keturunan mereka di Amerika sangat bervariasi, tergantung pada wilayah yang mereka berimigrasi, dan era di mana mereka berimigrasi. Mereka membantu membentuk Amerika dan, pada gilirannya, dibentuk olehnya. Tidak ada identitas umum dibagi oleh semua orang Amerika Italia, melainkan, mereka adalah sebagai beragam seperti penduduk Amerika itu sendiri. Mereka unggul dalam semua bidang usaha, dan telah menjadi terkenal dalam politik, bisnis, hukum, kedokteran, televisi, sastra, pendidikan, seni rupa, seni kuliner, ilmu pengetahuan, militer, teknik, olahraga, musik, dan hiburan.

 Bibliografi 

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 Vecoli, Rudolph, ed. Italian Immigrants in Rural and Small Town America (1987) Staten Island: The American Italian Historical Association
 Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia. Family and Community: Italian Immigrants in Buffalo, 1880-1930 (1982) excerpt and text search

Primary sources
 Moquin, Wayne, ed. A Documentary History of Italian Americans (1974)
 Tamburri, Anthony Julian, Paolo A. Giordano, Fred L. Gardaphé, eds. From the Margin: Writings in Italian Americana (2000, 2nd ed.)

 Pranala luar 
 Italian american websites at the Open Directory Project.
 Italy Revisited (photo archives)
 Taylor Street Archives
 "Immigration -> Italian." Library of Congress.
 "Italian Immigration ." Digital History, University of Houston
 ItalianImmigrants.org 1855 through 1900
 Italian Heritage and Culture Committee of New York, Inc. 

Kategori:Italia-Amerika