Magnolia

Magnolia adalah salah satu marga tumbuhan berbunga yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti Talauma, Dugandiodendron, Manglietia, Michelia, Elmerrillia, Kmeria, Parakmeria, Pachylarnax, dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam Magnolia s.l. (s.l. = sensu lato: 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = sensu stricto: 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga Magnolia s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari botaniwan Prancis, Pierre Magnol.

Marga Magnolia menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara spiral. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa Magnolia berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah. Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh lebah tetapi kumbang.

Persebaran jenis-jenis Magnolia tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Timur. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua Amerika. Beberapa jenis Magnolia dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional Nusantara, seperti cempaka dan kantil.

 Daftar spesies 

 Subgenus Magnolia 

Bagian Magnolia
 Magnolia faustinomirandae A.Vázquez
 Magnolia grandiflora L.
 Magnolia guatemalensis Donn. Sm.
 Magnolia guerrerensis J.Jiménez Ram., K.Vega & Cruz Durán
 Magnolia iltisiana Vazquez
 Magnolia krusei J.Jiménez Ram. & Cruz Durán
 Magnolia oaxacensis A.Vázquez
 Magnolia pacifica Vazquez
 Magnolia panamensis Vazquez & Iltis
 Magnolia pedrazae A.Vázquez
 Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy
Magnolia poqomchi 
 Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl.
 Magnolia sharpii Meranda
 Magnolia sororum Seibert
 Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez
 Magnolia tarahumara (Vazquez) A.Vázquez
 Magnolia vazquezii Cruz Durán & K.Vega
 Magnolia virginiana L.
 Magnolia yoroconte Dandy
 Magnolia zamudioi A.Vázquez

 Bagian Gwillimia

 Subbagian Gwillimia
 Magnolia albosericea Chun & Tsoong.
 Magnolia bawangensis Law, R.Z.Zhou & D.M.Liu
 Magnolia championii Benth
 Magnolia clemensiorum Dandy
 Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC.
 Magnolia delavayi Franchet
 Magnolia fistulosa (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy
 Magnolia henryi Dunn
 Magnolia nana Dandy
 Magnolia odoratissima Law et Zhou
 Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb.
 Magnolia xiana Noot.

 Subbagian Blumiana
 Magnolia angatensis Blanco
 Magnolia betongensis (Craib) H.Keng
 Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot.
 Magnolia hodgsonii (Hook.f. & Thom.) H.Keng
 Magnolia lasia Noot.
 Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baillon
 Magnolia mariusjacobsia Noot.
 Magnolia persuaveolens Dandy
 Magnolia rabaniana Hook.f. & Thomson D.C.S.Raju & M.P.Nayer
 Magnolia sarawakensis (Agostini) Noot.
 Magnolia singapurensis (Ridl.) H.Keng
 Magnolia villosa (Miq.) H.Keng

 Bagian Talauma
 Subbagian Talauma
 Magnolia allenii Standl.
 Magnolia amazonica (Ducke) Govaerts
 Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia bankardiorum  M.O.Dillon & Sánchez Vega
 Magnolia boliviana (M.Nee) Govaerts
 Magnolia caricifragrans (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia cespedesii (Triana & Planch) Govaerts
 Magnolia chocoensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia coronata M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo
 Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts
 Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts
 Magnolia espinalii (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia georgii (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia gilbertoi (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia gloriensis (Pittier) Govaerts
 Magnolia henaoi (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia hernandezii (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia irwiniana (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia jardinensis M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo
 Magnolia katiorum (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia lacandonica Vazquez-Garcia, Perez-Farrera, Martinez-Camilo, Muniz-Castro & Martinez-Melendez
 Magnolia manguillo Marcelo-Peña & F. Arroyo
 Magnolia mexicana DC.
 Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts
 Magnolia morii (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia narinensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia neillii (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng.
 Magnolia polyhypsophylla (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia quetzal Vazquez-Garcia, Veliz-Perez, Triboullier-Navas & Muniz-Castro
 Magnolia rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts
 Magnolia santanderiana (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia sellowiana (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts
 Magnolia silvioi (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia venezuelensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia wolfii (Lozano) Govaerts

 Subbagian Dugandiodendron
 Magnolia argyrothricha (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia calophylla (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia cararensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia chimantensis Steyermark & Maguire
 Magnolia colombiana (Little) Govaerts
 Magnolia guatapensis (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia jaenensis Marcelo-Peña
 Magnolia lenticellata (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia magnifolia (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia mahechae (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark
 Magnolia striatifolia Little
 Magnolia urraoense (Lozano) Govaerts
 Magnolia yarumalense (Lozano) Govaerts

 Subbagian Cubenses
 Magnolia cristalensis Bisse
 Magnolia cubensis Urb.
 Magnolia domingensis Urb.
 Magnolia ekmannii Urb.
 Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Ekman
 Magnolia hamorii Howard
 Magnolia pallescens Urb. & Ekman
 Magnolia portoricensis Bello
 Magnolia splendens Urban

 Bagian Manglietia
 Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia blaoensis (Gagnep.) Dandy
 Magnolia blumei Prantl
 Magnolia calophylloides Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia caveana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer
 Magnolia changhuntana Noot.
 Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia crassipes (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia dandyi (Gapnep.) Dandy
 Magnolia decidua (Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep.
 Magnolia figlarii V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia fordiana (Oliv.) Hu
 Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia grandis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia hongheensis (Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia hookeri Cubitt & W.W.Sm.
 Magnolia insignis (Wall.) Blume
 Magnolia kwangtungensis Merr.
 Magnolia lanuginosoides Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia longipedunculata (Q.W.Zeng & Law) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia lucida (B.L. Chen & S.C. Yang) V.S. Kumar
 Magnolia obovalifolia (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia ovoidea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia patungensis (Hu) Noot.
 Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V.S. Kumar
 Magnolia sabahensis (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia sapaensis (N.H.Xia & Q.N.Vu) Grimshaw & Macer
 Magnolia utilis (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia ventii (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia xinganensis Noot.
 Magnolia yuyuanensis (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar
 Magnolia zhengyiana (N.H.Xia) Noot.

 Bagian Kmeria
 Magnolia duperreana Pierre
 Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia thailandica Noot. & Chalermglin

 Bagian Rhytidospermum

 Subbagian Rhytidospermum
 Magnolia obovata Thunb.
 Magnolia officinalis Rehd. & Wilson
 Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith
 Magnolia tripetala (L.) L.

 Subbagian Oyama
 Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thoms.
 Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch
 Magnolia wilsonii (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd.

 Bagian Auriculata
 Magnolia fraseri Walt.

 Bagian Macrophylla
 Magnolia dealbata Zuccarini
 Magnolia macrophylla Michx.
 Magnolia rzedowskiana A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & R.Pedraza
 Magnolia nuevoleonensis A.Vázquez & Domínguez-Yescas
 Magnolia vovidesii A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & L.Carvajal

 Subgenus Yulania 

 Bagian Yulania

 Subbagian Yulania
 Magnolia amoena W.C. Cheng
 Magnolia biondii Pampan
 Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson
 Magnolia cylindrica Wilson
 Magnolia dawsoniana Rehd. & Wilson
 Magnolia denudata Desr.
 Magnolia kobus DC.
 Magnolia liliiflora Desr.
 Magnolia × loebneri Paul Kache
 Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.
 Magnolia sargentiana Rehd. & Wilson
 Magnolia × soulangeana Thiéb.-Bern.
 Magnolia sprengeri Pampan
 Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.
 Magnolia zenii Cheng

 Subbagian Tulipastrum
 Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.

 Bagian Michelia

 Subbagian Michelia
 Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia angustioblonga (Law & Wu) Figlar
 Magnolia baillonii Pierre
 Magnolia balansae A.DC.
 Magnolia banghamii (Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar
 Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar
 Magnolia champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre
 Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima
 Magnolia citrata Noot. & Chalermglin
 Magnolia compressa Maxim.
 Magnolia coriacea (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar
 Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar
 Magnolia elegantifolia Noot.
 Magnolia ernestii Figlar.
 Magnolia figo (Lour.) DC.
 Magnolia flaviflora (Law & Wu) Figlar
 Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar.
 Magnolia foveolata (Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia fujianensis (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar
 Magnolia fulva (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar
 Magnolia gioi (A.Chevalier) Noot.
 Magnolia guangdongensis (Y.H.Yan, Q.W.Zeng & F.W.Xing) Noot.
 Magnolia guangxiensis (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima
 Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia iteophylla (C.Y.Wu ex Y.W.Law & Y.F.Wu) Noot.
 Magnolia kingii (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia kisopa (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar
 Magnolia koordersiana (Noot.) Figlar
 Magnolia lacei (W.W.Smith) Figlar
 Magnolia laevifolia (Law & Y.F.Wu) Noot.
 Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia mannii (King) King
 Magnolia martinii H.Lev.
 Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar
 Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia microcarpa (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima
 Magnolia microtricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar
 Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar
 Magnolia oblonga (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar.
 Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia opipara (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima
 Magnolia philippinensis P.Pharm
 Magnolia punduana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar
 Magnolia rajaniana (Craib.) Figlar.
 Magnolia scortechinii (King) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar
 Magnolia sirindhorniae Noot. & Chalermglin
 Magnolia sphaerantha (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima
 Magnolia subulifera (Dandy) Figlar
 Magnolia sumatrae (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia xanthantha (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar

 Subbagian Elmerrillia
 Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia sulawesiana Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee
 Magnolia tsiampacca (L.) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre

 Subbagian Maingola
 Magnolia annamensis Dandy
 Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot.
 Magnolia cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot.
 Magnolia griffithii King
 Magnolia gustavii King
 Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy
 Magnolia pealiana King

 Subbagian Aromadendron
 Magnolia ashtonii Dandy ex. Noot.
 Magnolia bintuluensis (Agostini) Noot.
 Magnolia borneensis Noot.
 Magnolia elegans (Blume) Keng
 Magnolia pahangensis Noot.

 Subgenus Gynopodium 

 Bagian Gynopodium
 Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy
 Magnolia lotungensis Chun & Tsoon
 Magnolia nitida W.W.Smith
 Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy
 Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot.

 Bagian Manglietiastrum
 Magnolia pleiocarpa (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia praecalva (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
 Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot.

 Galeri 

 Referensi 

Kategori:Magnoliaceae
Kategori:Tumbuhan obat