Rencana Marshall

Rencana Marshall () (secara resmi disebut Program Pemulihan Eropa, ERP) adalah inisiatif Amerika yang diberlakukan pada tahun 1948 untuk memberikan bantuan luar negeri ke Eropa Barat. Amerika Serikat mentransfer $13,3 miliar (setara dengan $173,8 miliar pada tahun 2024) dalam program pemulihan ekonomi ke ekonomi Eropa Barat setelah berakhirnya Perang Dunia II. Menggantikan proposal sebelumnya untuk Rencana Morgenthau, program ini beroperasi selama empat tahun yang dimulai pada tanggal 3 April 1948, meskipun pada tahun 1951, Rencana Marshall sebagian besar digantikan oleh Mutual Security Act. Tujuan Amerika Serikat adalah untuk membangun kembali wilayah yang dilanda perang, menghilangkan hambatan perdagangan, memodernisasi industri, meningkatkan kemakmuran Eropa, dan mencegah penyebaran komunisme. Rencana Marshall mengusulkan pengurangan hambatan antarnegara dan integrasi ekonomi Benua Eropa sekaligus mendorong peningkatan produktivitas serta penerapan prosedur bisnis modern.

 Referensi 

 Bacaan lanjutan 
 Agnew, John and Entrikin, J. Nicholas eds. The Marshall Plan Today: Model and Metaphor Routledge. (2004) online version
 Arkes, Hadley. Bureaucracy, the Marshall Plan, and the National Interest (1972).
 Behrman, Greg, The Most Noble Adventure: The Marshall Plan and the Time When America Helped Save Europe (2007) ISBN 0-7432-8263-9
 Bonds, John Bledsoe. Bipartisan Strategy: Selling the Marshall Plan (2002) online version
 Esposito, Chiarella. America's Feeble Weapon: Funding the Marshall Plan in France and Italy, 1948–1950 (1994) online version
 Djelic, Marie-Laure A. Exporting the American Model: The Post-War Transformation of European Business  (1998) online version
 Fossedal, Gregory A. Our Finest Hour: Will Clayton, the Marshall Plan, and the Triumph of Democracy. (1993).
 Gimbel, John, The origins of the Marshall plan (Stanford University Press, 1976). (reviewed here)
 Kipping, Matthias and Bjarnar, Ove. The Americanisation of European Business: The Marshall Plan and the Transfer of Us Management Models (1998) online version
 Lewkowicz, Nicolas. The German Question and the International Order, 1943-48 (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke and New York) (2010)
 Lewkowicz, Nicolas. The German Question and the Origins of the Cold War (IPOC: Milan) (2008)
 Mee, Charles L. The Marshall Plan: The Launching of the Pax Americana (1984).
 Milward, Alan S. The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945–51. (1984).
 Röpke, Wilhelm, Humane Economist,
 Vickers, Rhiannon. Manipulating Hegemony: State Power, Labour and the Marshall Plan in Britain (2000) online edition
 Wallich, Henry Christopher. Mainsprings of the German Revival (1955)
 Wasser, Solidelle F. and Dolfman, Michael L., "BLS and the Marshall Plan: The Forgotten Story: The Statistical Technical Assistance of BLS Increased Productive Efficiency and Labor Productivity in Western European Industry after World War II; Technological Literature Surveys and Plan-Organized Plant Visits Supplemented Instruction in Statistical Measurement", Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 128, 2005
 Wend, Henry Burke. Recovery and Restoration: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Politics of Reconstruction of West Germany's Shipbuilding Industry, 1945–1955 (2001) online version
 Zmirak, John, Wilhelm Röpke: Swiss Localist, Global Economist (ISI Books, 2001)

 Pranala luar 

 George C. Marshall Foundation
 The German Marshall Fund of the United States
 The Marshal Plan documents collection at MCE 
 Marshall Plan from the National Archives
 Excerpts from book by Allen W. Dulles 
 United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes famous Stuttgart speech, September 6, 1946 The speech marked the turning point away from the Morgenthau Plan philosophy of economic dismantlement of Germany and towards a policy of economic reconstruction.
 Marshall Plan Commemorative Section: Lessons of the Plan: Looking Forward to the Next Century 
 U.S. Economic Policy Towards defeated countries  April, 1946.
 "Pas de Pagaille!" , Time magazine July 28, 1947
 Luis García Berlanga's critique of the Marshall Plan in a classic Spanish film: Welcome Mr. Marshall!
 Marshall Plan Still Working, 60 Years Later Cincinnati Enquirer December 10, 2006
 Economist Tyler Cowen questions the conventional wisdom surrounding the Plan 
 Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards 
 "The Marshall Plan as Tragedy", comment on Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, "The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan", both published in the Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 7, no. 1 (Winter 2005) (text of comment on pdf ) (text of original article on pdf )

Kategori:Sejarah ekonomi Eropa
Kategori:Pembangunan di Eropa
Kategori:Sejarah ekonomi tahun 1940an
Kategori:Sejarah ekonomi tahun 1950an
Kategori:Perang Dingin
Kategori:Hubungan internasional dalam tahun 1948
Kategori:Program pembangunan ekonomi
Kategori:Ekonomika dalam tahun 1948
Kategori:Sejarah diplomasi