Sejarah pemikiran ekonomi

Sejarah pemikiran ekonomi mengacu pada berbagai inovasi, revolusi dan teori tentang hal-hal yang kelak menjadi ekonomi politik dan ekonomi dari zaman dahulu sampai saat ini. Studi ini mencakup banyak pemikiran ekonomi yang berbeda-beda.
Filsuf Yunani seperti Aristoteles membahas pemikiran tentang "seni" memperoleh kekayaan dan mempertanyakan apakah properti sebaiknya berada dalam kepemilikan swasta atau umum. Pada abad pertengahan, cendekiawan Thomas Aquinas menyatakan adalah suatu kewajiban moral bisnis untuk menjual barang-barang dengan harga wajar.

Filsuf Britania, Adam Smith, sering disebut-sebut sebagai bapak ekonomi modern karena treatise-nya The Wealth of Nations (1776). Pemikirannya dibuat berdasarkan berbagai karya dari pendahulunya pada abad ke-18, terutama pada fisiokrat. Bukunya muncul pada malam Revolusi Industri dengan perubahan-perubahan besar dalam dunia ekonomi.Mark Blaug.Economic theory in retrospect. Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN 9780521577014 p. 34 Penerus Smith meliputi para pakar ekonomi klasik seperti Rev. Thomas Malthus, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, dan John Stuart Mill. Mereka menguji cara kelas bawah, kapitalis dan buruh memproduksi dan mendistribusikan penghasilan negara dan menguji efek populasi dan perdagangan internasional. Di London, Karl Marx mengkritik sistem kapitalis yang ia anggap eksploitatif dan mengasingkan pihak lain. Sejak 1870, ekonomi neoklasik berusaha menciptakan bidang studi yang lebih positif, matematis dan ilmiah daripada politik normatif.

Setelah peperangan pada awal abad ke-20, John Maynard Keynes memimpin reaksi melawan abstensi pemerintahan dari urusan-urusan ekonomi dan menganjurkan kebijakan fiskal intervensionis untuk mendorong permintaan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dengan dunia dibagi antara dunia pertama yang kapitalis, dunia kedua yang komunis, dan dunia ketiga yang miskin, konsensus pascaperang mulai hilang. Para ahli seperti Milton Friedman dan Friedrich von Hayek memperingatkan The Road to Serfdom dan sosialisme serta memfokuskan teori mereka terhadap hal-hal yang dapat diperoleh melalui kebijakan moneter dan deregulasi yang lebih baik. Karena kebijakan Keynesian gagal pada 1970-an, muncullah kelompok Klasik Baru, dengan pencetus teori utama seperti Robert Lucas dan Edward Prescott. Kebijakan ekonomi pemerintah sejak 1980-an ditantang dan pakar ekonomi pembangunan seperti Amartya Sen dan pakar ekonomi informasi seperti Joseph Stiglitz memperkenalkan ide-ide baru terhadap pemikiran ekonomi pada abad ke-21.

 Lihat pula 
Artikel

 Sejarah perdagangan internasional
 Marshall Plan
 Hukum kompetisi
 Hukum kontrak
 Hukum korporat
 Ekonomi energi
 Hukum buruh
 Sudut pandang terhadap kapitalisme
 Regulasi
 Torts
 World Trade Organisation

 Ekonomi konstitusional

Daftar

 Daftar pakar ekonomi
 Daftar topik ekonomi
 Daftar sistem ekonomi
 Daftar topik perdagangan internasional
 Daftar karya tulis tentang ekonomi
 Daftar jurnal ilmiah tentang ekonomi

 Catatan kaki 

 Bahan rujukan 
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 Stigler, George J. (1965). Essays in the History of Economics. University of Chicago Press.

 Jurnal 

 European Journal of the History of Economic Thought (U.K.)
 History of Economic Ideas (Italy)
 History of Economics Review  (Australia)

 History of Economic Thought (Japan)
 History of Political Economy  (U.S.)
 ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought (U.K.)

 Pranala luar 

 Pioneers of the social sciences London School of Economics and Political Science 
 The History of Economic Thought website 
 Archive for the History of Economic Thought 
 Biographies of economists 
 Library of Economics and Liberty
 The Prehistory of Modern Economic Thought by Justin Ptak
 Chapter One and Chapter Sixteen from An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought by Murray Rothbard.

Kategori:Sejarah ekonomi
Kategori:Ekonomi politik
Ekonomi