Washington Irving

Washington Irving (3 April 1783 – 28 November 1859) adalah seorang penulis, pengesai, biografer dan sejarawan Amerika Serikat pada abad ke-19. Ia dikenal karena cerita pendek "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" dan "Rip Van Winkle", keduanya muncul di bukunya The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Karya-karyanya meliputi biografi George Washington, Oliver Goldsmith dan Muhammad, dan beberapa sejarawan Spanyol abad ke-15 yang membicarakan tokoh seperti Christopher Columbus, Moor, dan Alhambra. Irving juga menjabat sebagai dubes AS untuk Spanyol mulai 1842 hingga 1846.

Ia membuat debut pertamanya pada 1802 dengan serangkaian surat pengamatan kepada Morning Chronicle, ditulis dengan pseudonim Jonathan Oldstyle. Setelah pindah ke Inggris demi bisnis keluarga tahun 1815, ia mendapatkan ketenaran internasional dengan diterbitkannya The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. tahun 1819. Ia terus menerbitkan karya secara rutin—dan hampir selalu sukses—sepanjang hidupnya, dan menyelesaikan biografi George Washington sebanyak lima volume delapan bulan sebelum kematiannya pada usia 76 tahun di Tarrytown, New York.

Irving, bersama James Fenimore Cooper, termasuk di antara para penulis pertama Amerika Serikat yang berpengaruh di Eropa, dan Irving mendorong para penulis Amerika seperti Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, dan Edgar Allan Poe. Irving juga disukai oleh sejumlah penulis Eropa, seperti Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, Thomas Campbell, Francis Jeffrey, dan Charles Dickens. Sebagai penulis terlaris internasional pertama AS, Irving mengakui menulis sebagai profesi yang sah, dan meminta hukum yang lebih kuat untuk melindungi penulis Amerika dari pelanggaran hak cipta.

 Daftar karya 
JudulTanggal terbitOlehGenreLetters of Jonathan Oldstyle1802Jonathan OldstyleSurat ObservasiSalmagundi1807–1808Launcelot Langstaff, Will WizardSatirA History of New York1809Diedrich KnickerbockerSatirThe Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.1819–1820Geoffrey CrayonCerita pendek/EsaiBracebridge Hall1822Geoffrey CrayonCerita pendek/EsaiTales of a Traveller1824Geoffrey CrayonCerita pendek/EsaiThe Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus1828Washington IrvingBiografi/SejarahThe Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada1829Fray Antonio AgapidaIrving's publisher, John Murray, overrode Irving's decision to use this pseudonym and published the book under Irving's name—much to the annoyance of its author. See Jones 258-59.Sejarah romantisVoyages and Discoveriesof the Companions of Columbus1831Washington IrvingBiografi/SejarahTales of the Alhambra1832"The Author of the Sketch Book"Cerita pendek/PerjalananThe Crayon MiscellanyComposed of the three short stories "A Tour on the Prairies", "Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey", and "Legends of the Conquest of Spain".1835Geoffrey CrayonCerita pendekAstoria1836Washington IrvingBiografi/SejarahThe Adventures of Captain Bonneville1837Washington IrvingBiografi/Sejarah RomantisThe Life of Oliver Goldsmith1840(direvisi 1849)Washington IrvingBiografiBiography and Poetical Remainsof the Late Margaret Miller Davidson1841Washington IrvingBiografiMahomet and His Successors1850Washington IrvingBiografiWolfert's Roost1855Geoffrey CrayonDiedrich KnickerbockerWashington IrvingBiographyThe Life of George Washington (5 volume)1855–1859Washington IrvingBiografi

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 Bahan pustaka 

 Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. (Basic Books, 2007). ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7
 Bowers, Claude G. The Spanish Adventures of Washington Irving. (Riverside Press, 1940).
 Hellman, George S. Washington Irving, Esquire. (Alfred A. Knopf, 1925).
 Grant, Edward. (2001) God & Reason in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-80279-2 hardcover; ISBN 978-0-521-00337-7 softcover.
 Grant, John. (2006) Discarded Science: Ideas that seemed good at the time ... [sic], ff&f (Facts, Figures & Fun), publisher, ISBN 978-1-904332-49-7 hardcover.
 Irving, Pierre M. Life and Letters of Washington Irving. 4 vols. (G.P. Putnam, 1862). Cited herein as PMI.
 Irving, Washington. The Complete Works of Washington Irving. (Rust, et al., editors). 30 vols. (University of Wisconsin/Twayne, 1969–1986). Cited herein as Works.
 Irving, Washington. (1828) History of the Life of Christopher Columbus, 3 volumes, 1828, G. & C. Carvill, publishers, New York, New York; as 4 volumes, 1828, John Murray, publisher, London; and as 4 volumes, 1828, Paris A. and W. Galignani, publishers, France.
 Irving, Washington. (1829) The Life and Voyage of Christopher Columbus, 1 volume, 1829, G. & C. & H. Carvill, publishers, New York, New York; an abridged version prepared by Irving of his 1828 work.
 Jones, Brian Jay. Washington Irving: An American Original. (Arcade, 2008). ISBN 978-1-55970-836-4
 Warner, Charles Dudley. Washington Irving. (Riverside Press, 1881).
 Williams, Stanley T. The Life of Washington Irving. 2 vols. (Oxford University Press, 1935). ISBN 0-7812-5291-1

 Pranala luar 

 Works by or about Washington Irving at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
 Works by Washington Irving at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
 Famous Quotes by Washington Irving
 Washington Irving's Sunnyside 
 Timothy Hopkins' Washington Irving collection, 1683–1839(5 volumes) is housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives  at Stanford University Libraries
 Index Entry for Washington Irving at Poets' Corner

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