Ion Antonescu

jmpl|250px|antonescu bersama Hitlersaat kunjungannya ke jerman
Ion Victor Antonescu () adalah tentara, politikus otoriter dan penjahat perang Rumania. Ia menjadi Perdana Menteri dan Conducător Rumania selama Perang Dunia II.

Selama akhir tahun 1930-an, pendirian politiknya membawanya dalam konflik dengan Raja Rumania Carol II. Antonescu bangkit selama krisis politik tahun 1940. Ia bersekutu dengan Jerman Nazi dan Blok Poros. Segera setelah Rumania bergabung dengan Blok Poros dalam Operasi Barbarossa, merebut kembali Bessarabia dan Bukovina Utara, Antonescu menjadi Marshal of Romania.

Ia bertanggung jawab atas kematian lebih dari 400.000 orang, kebanyakan Yahudi Bessarabia, Ukraina dan Rumania. Selain holocaust, rezimnya juga melaksanakan pogrom dan pembunuhan massal, seperti pembantaian Odessa 1941 dengan pembersihan etnis serta deportasi sistematis.

Dengan kekalahan di Front Timur Perang Dunia II, Antonescu melakukan negosiasi dengan Sekutu. Koalisi politik dibentuk di antara raja muda Michael I. Michael menggulingkannya dalam kudeta 23 Agustus 1944. Setelah berada di Uni Soviet dalam waktu singkat, Antonescu diserahkan kembali kepada Rumania, dimana ia dieksekusi.

 Referensi 
 Final Report  of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, Polirom, Iaşi, 2004. ISBN 973-681-989-2
 Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2004. ISBN 963-9241-84-9
 Jean Ancel,
 Preludiu la asasinat. Pogromul de la Iaşi, 29 iunie 1941, Polirom, Iaşi, 2005. ISBN 973-681-799-7
 " 'The New Jewish Invasion' - The Return of the Survivors in Transnistria", in David Bankier (ed.), The Jews are Coming Back: The Return of the Jews to Their Countries of Origin after WWII, Berghahn Books, Providence, 2005, p. 231-256. ISBN 1-57181-527-9
 Lucian Boia, Istorie şi mit în conştiinţa românească, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1997. ISBN 973-50-0055-5
 Christopher R. Browning, The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9
 Maria Bucur,
 "Edificies of the Past: War Memorials and Heroes in Twentieth-century Romania", in Maria Todorova (ed.), Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, London, 2004, p. 158-179. ISBN 1-85065-715-7
 "Women's Stories as Sites of Memory: Gender and Remembering Romania's World Wars", in Nancy M. Wingfield, Maria Bucur (eds.), Gender & War in Twentieth-century Eastern Europe, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2006, p. 171-192
 Christopher Chant, The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II, Routledge & Kegan Paul Books Ltd., London, 1987. ISBN 0-7102-0718-2
 Adrian Cioroianu, , Editura Curtea Veche, Bucharest, 2005. ISBN 973-669-175-6
 Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer (eds.), History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe, John Benjamins, Amsterdam & Philadelphia, 2004. ISBN 90-272-3452-3; see:
 Letiţia Guran, Alexandru Ştefan, "Romanian Literature under Stalinism", p. 112-124
 John Neubauer et al., "1945", p. 143-177
 Dennis Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940-1944, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2006. ISBN 1-4039-9341-6
 Stanislaw Frankowski, "Post-Communist Europe", in Peter Hodgkinson, Andrew Rutherford (eds.), Capital Punishment: Global Issues and Prospects, Waterside Press, Winchester, 1996, p. 215-242. ISBN 1-872870-32-5
 Aleksander Gella, Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe: Poland and Her Southern Neighbors, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1989. ISBN 0-88706-833-2
 Juliana Geran Pilon, The Bloody Flag. Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe. Spotlight on Romania (Studies in Social Philosophy & Policy No. 16), Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick & London, 1992. ISBN 1-56000-620-X
 Roger Griffin, The Nature of Fascism, Routledge, London, 1993. ISBN 0-415-09661-8
 Arnold D. Harvey, Collision of Empires: Britain in Three World Wars, 1793-1945, Continuum International Publishing Group, London, 1992. ISBN 1-85385-078-7
 Rebecca Ann Haynes, " 'A New Greater Romania'? Romanian Claims to the Serbian Banat in 1941" , in Central Europe, Vol. 3, No. 2, November 2005, p. 99-120; republished by University College London's Library Services
 Radu Ioanid, "Romania", in David S. Wyman, Charles H. Rosenzveig (eds.), The World Reacts to the Holocaust, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, 1996, p. 225-252. ISBN 0-8018-4969-1
 Michelle Kelso, "Gypsy Deportations from Romania to Transnistria, 1942-44", in Karola Fings, Donald Kenrick (eds.), In the Shadow of the Swastika: Volume 2: The Gypsies during the Second World War, University of Hertfordshire Press, Hatfield, 1999, p. 95-130. ISBN 0-900458-85-2
 Padraic Kenney, The Burdens of Freedom: Eastern Europe since 1989, Zed Books, London, 2006. ISBN 1-84277-663-0
 Peter C. Kent, The Lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: The Roman Catholic Church and the Division of Europe, 1943-1950, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal & Kingston, 2002. ISBN 0-7735-2326-X
 Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture, Hoover Press, Stanford, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X
 Walter Laqueur, Fascism: Past, Present, Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford etc., 1997. ISBN 0-19-511793-X
 Philip Morgan, Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945, Routledge, London, 2003. ISBN 0-415-16943-7
 David Nicholls, Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2000. ISBN 0-87436-965-7
 William O. Oldson, A Providential Anti-Semitism. Nationalism and Polity in Nineteenth-Century Romania, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1991. 0-87169-193-0
 Z. Ornea, Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească, Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Române, Bucharest, 1995. ISBN 973-9155-43-X
 Monty Noam Penkower, The Jews Were Expendable: Free World Diplomacy and the Holocaust, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1988. ISBN 0-8143-1952-1
 Antony Polonsky, Joanna B. Michlic, introduction to The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2004, p. 1-43. ISBN 0-691-11306-8
 Sabrina P. Ramet, "The Way We Were—And Should Be Again? European Orthodox Churches and the 'Idyllic Past' ", in Timothy A. Byrnes, Peter J. Katzenstein (eds.), Religion in an Expanding Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006. ISBN 0-521-85926-3
 Steven D. Roper, Romania: The Unfinished Revolution, Routledge, London, 2000. ISBN 90-5823-027-9
 Michael Shafir, "The Mind of Romania's Radical Right", in Sabrina P. Ramet (ed.), The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989, Penn State University Press, University Park, 1999, p. 213-232. ISBN 0-271-01811-9
 Ottmar Traşcă, "Ocuparea oraşului Odessa de căre armata română şi măsurile adoptate faţă de populaţia evreiască" , in the Romanian Academy George Bariţ Institute of History's Historica Yearbook 2008, p. 377-425
 Francisco Veiga, Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaţionalismului, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1993. ISBN 973-28-0392-4
 Petru Weber, "Die Wahrnehmung des »Domestic Holocaust« im Rumänien der Nachkriegsjahre", in Regina Fritz, Carola Sachse, Edgar Wolfrum (eds.), Nationen und ihre Selbstbilder. Postdiktatorische Gesellschaften in Europa, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen, 2008, p. 150-167. ISBN 978-3-8353-0212-9
 Gerhard L. Weinberg, Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996. ISBN 0-521-56626-6
 George W. White, Nationalism and Territory. Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 2000. ISBN 0-8476-9809-2

Kategori:Perdana Menteri Rumania
Kategori:Diplomat Rumania
Ion, Antonescu