Propulsi wahana antariksa

Propulsi wahana antariksa digunakan untuk mengubah kecepatan wahana antariksa dan satelit buatan, atau singkatnya, untuk menyediakan delta-v. Ada beberapa metode. Setiap metode memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan tersendiri, dan propulsi wahana antariksa adalah bidang riset yang aktif. Banyak wahana antariksa sekarang ini didorong oleh pemanasan reaksi massa dan mebuatnya mengalir dari belakang kendaraan. Mesin semacam ini disebut mesin roket.

Pesawat angkasa sekarang ini seluruhnya menggunakan mesin roket kimiawi (roket bipropelan) atau roket padat untuk peluncuran, meskipun beberapa (seperti roket Pegasus dan SpaceShipOne) telah menggunakan mesin penghisap-udara dalam roket multitingkatannya. Banyak satelit memiliki roket sederhana tepercaya (sering kali roket monopropelan) atau roket resistojet untuk menjaga stasiunnya, meskipun beberapa menggunakan roda momentum untuk pengontrol ketinggian. Pesawat geo-orbit baru mulai menggunakan pendorong listrik untuk penjagaan stasiun utara-selatan. Kendaraan antar planet kebanyakan menggunakan roket kimiawi dan juga, beberapa menggunakan pendorong ion dengan beberapa kesuksesan (sejenis pendorong listrik).Mason, Lee S. "A practical approach to starting fission surface power development." proceedings of International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP'06), American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois, 2006b, paper. Vol. 6297. 2006.

Produsen propulsi
 Nama perusahaan Negara Mesin Jenis mesin KomentarDawn AerospaceNetherlandsB20, B1, SatDrive, CubedriveBi-Propellant, Cold GassNitrous Oxide based, turnkey propulsion systems ArianeGroupLampoldshausen, GermanyS10, S20, S200, S400
CHT-1N, CHT-20N, CHT-400N

RIT-10, RIT-2xpropellant and Monopropellant Thrusters, Gridded Ion ThrustersMain manufacturer for Propulsion Systems, Equipments and Services in Europe, serving major space projects like ATV, ORION-ESM, ExoMars, JUICE, MTG, GEO and EO satellites with Propulsion Solutions. Comat Flourens, FrancePlasma Jet PackVacuum Arc thruster ; Modular installation (PPSU + Nozzles)To be used on @Isispace and @U-space platforms for French and European missions. 
Modular Thruster with up to 4 nozzles per PPSCU.AB 360 SpaceWashington DC, United StatesCLEPS X-100, CLEPS C100hybrid Thrusters, Combined Liquid Electric Propulsion Systems, Methane/ Oxygen Ion Thrusters Uses Electric and Liquid Propulsion simultaneously for space propulsion for LEO/MEOsatellites Moog-ISP (In Space Propulsion) Westcott, Buckinghamshire United Kingdom
Niagara Falls, NY United States All Forms of Chemical Propulsion including Main Apogee Engines and AOCS Thrusters Bipropellant and Monopropellant Product Families Include: LEROS, MONARC Thruster, LTT Thruster  Division of Moog Inc. Bradford SpaceNew York, NYLMP-103s thrusters, 
Water based thrustersLMP-103s green monopropellant propulsion systems & thrusters,
COMET water based propulsion systems>100 thrusters on flight satellites Busek Natick, Massachusetts United States BHT-200, BHT-1500, BHT-20k, BET-1, BmP-220, BIT-1, BIT-3, BIT-7, uPPT-3 Hall-effect thruster, Gridded Ion, Electrospray, micro Pulsed Plasma, Green Monopropellant, Electrothermal, Hollow Cathodes, Field Emission Cathode  TacSat-2, FalconSat-5, FalconSat-6, ST-7/LISA Pathfinder. Licensed technology for BPT-4000 aboard AEHF 1, AEHF 2, AEHF 3. Propulsion options ranging from CubeSats to GEO Communications Satellites to Asteroid Redirect Mission Spacecraft. Aerojet Rocketdyne Rancho Cordova, California United States Numerous liquid rocket engine, Solid rocket engine, Hall-effect thruster, Gridded Ion thruster.  Hanwha AerospaceSouth KoreaKRE-075, KRE-007 and Monopropellant Thrusters Bipropellant, Monopropellant and MotorHanwha aerospace manufacturing liquid rocket engine for KSLV-II and monopropellant enginesd spacecraft (Lunar Orbiter, KOMPSAT series, etc.). The engines are co-developed with KARI. American Rocket Company United States  hybrid rocket intellectual property acquired by SpaceDev CU Aerospace Champaign, IL United States PUC, CHIPS, PPT-11 MCD / Resistojet / PPT Small satellite / CubeSat Propulsion Modules VIPER liquid rocket engine reusable rocket engine Ad Astra Rocket Company Webster, TX United States VASIMR magnetoplasma may be used for future Mars missions Enpulsion GmbH Wiener Neustadt, Austria Propulsion Systems for Cubesats, Small Sats, and Medium/Large Satellites Field Emission Electric Propulsion Enpulsion is commercializing a technology that has been developed for ESA science missions for more than 10 years. PLD Space Spain TREPEL family  used on Miura Rockets  Reaction Engines Ltd. Oxfordshire, England United Kingdom SABRE combined cycle precooled jet engine and closed cycle rocket engine planned to be used in Skylon LIA Aerospace Ltd. England United Kingdom KX11 Pressure Fed, bipropellant, green, non-toxic, storable regen cooled  used in Zonda 1.0 Sierra Space United States VR35K-A hybrid rocket, liquid rocket engine Commercial space subsidiary of Sierra Nevada Corporation  SpaceDev Poway, CA United States  hybrid rocket acquired by Sierra Space; used on SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo SpaceX Hawthorne, California, United States Merlin / Raptor / Draco / Kestrel liquid rocket engine used on SpaceX rockets and spacecraft (Falcon, Starship, Dragon) ArianeGroup Vernon, France Vinci / Viking / Vulcain / HM7B liquid rocket engine used on Ariane rockets NPO Energomash Russia  liquid rocket engine used on R-7, Molniya, Soyuz, Energia, Zenit, Atlas III, Atlas V, Angara, Antares KBKhA Russia  liquid rocket engine used on Soyuz, Proton, Energia  KBKhM Russia  liquid rocket engine used on Vostok, Voskhod, Zenit, Soyuz, Progress, Salyut 1, Salyut 4, Salyut 6, Salyut 7, Mir Core Module, Zvezda, GSLV Mk I NIIMash Russia  liquid rocket engine used on Almaz, Buran, Briz-M  TsNIIMash Russia   used on STEX  Kuznetsov Design Bureau Russia  liquid rocket engine used on N1, Soyuz-2-1v, Antares  OKB Fakel Russia  Hall-effect thruster used on SMART-1, LS-1300  Proton-PM Russia  liquid rocket engine used on Proton, Angara  Keldysh Research Center Russia   Voronezh Mechanical Plant Russia  liquid rocket engine used on Vostok, Voskhod, Molniya, Soyuz, Proton, Energia, Luna  Yuzhnoye Design Office / Yuzhmash Ukraine RD-8
 RD-843
 RD-855
 RD-856 etc. 
 Oxygen+kerosene and N204+UDMH liquid rocket engine
 Solid rocket engine
 thrusters
 Hall-effect thruster
 ammonia jet propulsion system
 gas-jet propulsion system used on
 Vega, Zenit, Cyclone and lot of soviet missiles
 Okean-O, Sich-1, EgyptSat 1 and many Soviet spacecraftIndependence-X Aerospace MalaysiaID-1, ID-2, ID-3 and unnamed 2-stage rocket engine for DNLVsolid rocket motor and liquid rocket engineused on ID-1, ID-2 and DNLV rocketBorneo SubOrbitals Malaysiahybrid rocketused on yet-to-be-named rocketApollo Fusion United States ACE, ACE Max Hall-effect thruster To be used on Spaceflight, Inc.'s Sherpa-LTE space tugBenchmark Space Systems United States Starling, Halcyon, Peregrine Warm gas thruster, High-test peroxide thruster, Hypergolic thruster To be used on Spaceflight, Inc.'s Sherpa-LTC space tugThrustMeFranceNPT30, I2T5Gridded ion thruster, Cold gas thrusterfirst in-orbit demonstration of an electric propulsion system powered by iodine 

 Lihat pula 
 Perjalanan antarplanet
 Perjalanan antarbintang
 Impuls spesifik
 Roket
 Persamaan roket Tsiolkovsky
 Satelit

 Referensi 

 NASA Beginner's Guide to Propulsion
 Advanced Propulsion Concepts  at islandone.org
 NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics project 
 Rocket Propulsion
 Journal of Advanced Theoretical Propulsion 
 Different Rockets 
 Spaceflight Propulsion - a detailed survey by Greg Goebel, in the public domain

Kategori:Propulsi wahana antariksa
Kategori:Program NASA
Kategori:Teknologi penerbangan antariksa
Kategori:Komponen wahana antariksa