Orang Palestin

Palestinians () iya nya raban etnonasional Arab ke asal ari pelilih menua Levan di Palestin.: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous population, descended from Jews, other Semitic groups, and non-Semitic groups such as the Philistines, had been mostly Christianized. Over succeeding centuries it was Islamicized, and Arabic replaced Aramaic (a Semitic tongue closely related to Hebrew) as the dominant language"
 : "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture." 
 : "Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the 'conquest of land' and the 'conquest of labor' slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian 'other'."
 : "The origin of the term Palestinian is uncertain. Some historians connect it to the Philistines, a biblical people that resided on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea as early as the twelfth century B.C.E. Thus, Palestinians are considered by some to be the indigenous people of present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Other scholars dispute this view, asserting that Jews and others resided in Palestine—usually defined as the narrow strip of land bordered by the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea—long before these Arabs arrived in the seventh century."
 : "Although their leaders welcomed the Jews as refugees, many Palestinians (the indigenous Arab population of Palestine) viewed the arrival of Jewish settlers as a threat to their security and to their land."
 : "Although at the beginning of the twentieth century a considerable proportion of the Palestinian Arabs were evidently immigrants from adjacent countries, some may be the descendents of the ancient inhabitants of the country. Thus, some Palestinian Arabs, like the Jews, may claim a genetic relationship to the ancient inhabitants of the country."; "Even though not a race in a biological sense, political Zionism, after a century of attempts to prove contemporary Jews' material, biological relationships – not merely their spiritual, cultural ones – to the ancient people of the biblical stories, in spite of widespread interspersing with local communities, finally has succeeded. It is tragic that Zionism, as well as Arab Nationalism, have failed to recognize the Palestinians, many of whom similarly appear to share phylogenetic relations to the historic inhabitants of the country, as equal partners."
  : "But given that the groups we are concerned with (Israelis and Palestinians) are ethnonational groups, their political cultures are heavily shaped by their ethnonational identities."
 : "This blurring has led to a situation in which characteristics of the State of Israel are presented as characteristics of a nation-state, even though (de facto) it is a binational state, and Palestinian citizens are presented as an ethnic minority group although they are a homeland majority."
 : "The Palestinians...are an ethnic minority in their country of residence."
 : "What is noteworthy here is the use of a general category 'Arabs', instead of a more specific one of 'Palestinians.' By turning to a general category, the particularity of Palestinians, among other ethnic and national groups, is erased and in its place Jordanian identity is implanted."
 : "...throughout the 1990s and 2000s a growing number of PAI political organizations have been increasingly promoting Palestinian consciousness, advancing ethnonationalist objectives, and demanding recognition of collective group rights."

  : "The Palestinians are an Arab people, largely Moslem but with important numbers of Christians, who live in, once lived in, or trace their descent through parents or grandparents to the land once known as Palestine, which came under a British mandate in 1922 and now is the land of Israel, the West Bank of the Jordan and the Gaza Strip."
 : "Of course, the notion that the Palestinians are an Arab people, an integral part of the Arab world ('the Arab nation'), is wholly legitimate and natural, given the history and culture of the people in question."
 : "People know who they are, where they live, and where their families have lived for centuries or millennia."
 : "Palestinians are an indigenous people who either live in, or originate from, historical Palestine.... Although the Muslims guaranteed security and allowed religious freedom to all inhabitants of the region, the majority converted to Islam and adopted Arab culture."
 : "The process of Arabization and Islamization was gaining momentum there. It was one of the mainstays of Umayyad power and was important in their struggle against both Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula.... Conversions arising from convenience as well as conviction then increased. These conversions to Islam, together with a steady tribal inflow from the desert, changed the religious character of Palestine's inhabitants. The predominantly Christian population gradually became predominantly Muslim and Arabic-speaking. At the same time, during the early years of Muslim control of the city, a small permanent Jewish population returned to Jerusalem after a 500-year absence."

 : "the word 'Arab' needs to be used with care. It is applicable to the Bedouin and to a section of the urban and effendi classes; it is inappropriate as a description of the rural mass of the population, the fellaheen. The whole population spoke Arabic, usually corrupted by dialects bearing traces of words of other origin, but it was only the Bedouin who habitually thought of themselves as Arabs. Western travelers from the sixteenth century onwards make the same distinction, and the word 'Arab' almost always refers to them exclusively.... Gradually it was realized that there remained a substantial stratum of the pre-Israelite peasantry, and that the oldest element among the peasants were not 'Arabs' in the sense of having entered the country with or after the conquerors of the seventh century, had been there already when the Arabs came." Sida ngarika komuniti ti homogen amat ti bekunsika identiti budaya enggau etnik, bejaku Arab Palestin sereta bekunsi kaul ti rapit ba pengarap, jaku, enggau budaya enggau orang Arab Levan ke bukai.

Ba taun 1919, Orang Islam enggau Kristian Palestin cnumbuhka 90 peratus ari penyampau tubuh Palestin, sebedau gelumbang ketiga pemindah tama orang Judah nengah penumbuh Menua Palestin Bemandat British pengudah Perang Dunya I. Penyakal ngagai imigresyen orang Judah meransang penegap identiti bansa ti beserakup, taja pan mensia mayuh Palestin agi bepechah ketegal bida pelilih menua, kelas, pengarap, enggau ruang bilik. Sejarah identiti bansa Palestin nyadi isu ke diperebutka bala pakar. Ba sekeda, leka jaku “Palestin” dikena madahka konsep nasionalis bansa Palestin ulih orang Arab Palestin ari ujung abad ke-19 enggau ba timpuh sebedau Perang Dunya I, lalu sekeda agi netapka identiti Palestin mungkur pesaka semua jeman ari jeman bup kudus nyentuk ngagai jeman Ottoman. Pengudah Penesau Meredeka Israel, pengawa muru Palestin taun 1948, lalu lebih agi pengudah pemansut orang Palestin 1967, leka jaku “Palestin” berevolusyen nyadi asai bekunsi jemah ila dalam tukuh juluk ati ke sebengkah menua Palestin.: "The Arabs of Palestine began widely using the term Palestinian starting in the pre–World War I period to indicate the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people. But after 1948—and even more so after 1967—for Palestinians themselves the term came to signify not only a place of origin but also, more importantly, a sense of a shared past and future in the form of a Palestinian state." Taja pan konsep peranak menua Palestin ungkup tuju undang-undang entarabansa udah diidupka baru, tang in fieri realisasyen penentu diri agi bedau chukup, enggau nya rayat Palestin mengkang ngelui ari ambang pematut nerima lindung entarabansa nyadi pelarian enggau orang ke nadai peranak menua.

Ditumbuhka dalam taun 1964, Gerempung Pengelepas Palestin nyadi gerempung payung ungkup raban ke ngarika rayat Palestin ba mua nengeri entarabansa. Piak Bekuasa Nasional Palestin ke ditumbuhka enggau rasmi dalam taun 1994 asil ari Sempekat Oslo, iya nya siti tubuh pengatur menua interim ke megai tanggungpengawa nominal ngatur pengawa ba palan pengentap pendiau Palestin di Tebing Barat enggau Jalur Gaza. Kenyau ari taun 1978, Gerempung Bansa Beserakup udah ngintu Hari Solidariti Antarabansa enggau Rayat Palestin ninting taun. Nitihka penerang ari sejarawan Britain, Perry Anderson, dipelabaka setengah ari penyampau tubuh ba kandang menua Palestin nya orang tasah., citing 

Taja pan bemacham perang enggau pemuru pansut, kira-kira setengah ari penyampau tubuh Palestin dunya mengkang diau ba kandang menua Palestin Bemandat ke suba, ke diatu mungkur Israel enggau kandang menua Palestin ke dipegai iya nya Tebing Barat enggau Jalur Gaza. Ba Israel empu, rayat Palestin nyadi urung 21 peratus ari penyampau tubuh nyadi sebagi ari peranak bansa Arab iya. Mayuh sida nya orang tasah Palestin tauka orang Palestin ke pindah ari menua sida, nyengkaum lebih 1.4 juta iku ba Jalur Gaza, lebih 870,000 di Tebing Barat, lalu urung 250,000 iku ba menua Israel empu. Ari penyampau tubuh Palestin ke diau di menua luar, ke dikelala enggau nama diaspora Palestin, lebih setengah ari sida nya nadai peranak menua, nadai peranak menua ke sah ba sebarang menua. 2.3 juta iku ari penyampau tubuh diaspora nya direjista nyadi orang tasah ba menua sepiak Jordan, lalu tebal agi sida nya megai peranak menua Jordan; lebih 1 juta diau entara Siria enggau Lebanon, lalu urung 750,000 diau di Arab Saudi, enggau Chile megai penias diaspora Palestin ke pemadu besai (urung setengah juta) di luar dunya Arab.

Nota

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