Marsupiales

Marsupiales (Marsupialia) forma un del tres subdivisiones existente del mammiferos; le altere duo son monotremas e  placentarios. Le marsupiales se distingue de altere mammiferos principalmente in que le progenitura, un "larva marsupial" multo pauc disveloppate, se displacia post parto ad mammelas ubi illo es generalmente portate e protegite in un marsupio (marsupial bursa) usque su maturitate.

Marsupiales actual include opossumes, diablos de Tasmania, kangurus, koalas, wombates, wallabies e pandikokkus inter alteres; multe extincte species son cognoscite, como thylacino.

Circa 70% del 334 species actual vive in le Australian continente (includente Tasmania, Nove Guinea e insulas proxime). Alteres species vive in America: principalmente in Sud America, 13 in Central America e un, le opossum de Virginia, in Nord America e nord de Mexico.

Etymologia
Marsupial deriva del parola latin marsupium, del ancian grec  mársippos 'bursa', utilisate in anatomia pro describer lor ventral bursa.

Classification
Rango taxinomic
 infraclass
 cohorte

Supertaxones
 Metatheria

Subtaxones
 Order Didelphimorphia (93 species) – see list of didelphimorphs
 Family Didelphidae: opossums
 Order Paucituberculata (7 species)
 Family Caenolestidae: musaranea opossumes
 Superorder Australidelphia
 Order Microbiotheria: monitos del monte
 Order Yalkaparidontia † (incertae sedis)
 Order Dasyuromorphia (73 species)
 Family †Thylacinidae: thylacine
 Family Dasyuridae: antechinuses, quolls, dunnarts, Tasmanian devil e relatives
 Family Myrmecobiidae: numbat
 Order Notoryctemorphia (2 species)
 Family Notoryctidae: marsupial talpas
 Order Peramelemorphia (27 species)
 Family Thylacomyidae: bilbies
 Family Chaeropodidae †
 Family Peramelidae: pandikokkus e relatives
 Order Diprotodontia (136 species)
 Suborder Vombatiformes
 Family Vombatidae: wombates
 Family Phascolarctidae: koalas
 Family Diprotodontidae †: giant wombats
 Family Palorchestidae †: marsupial tapirs
 Family Thylacoleonidae †: marsupial lions
 Suborder Phalangeriformes:
 Family Acrobatidae: feathertail glider e feather-tailed possum
 Family Burramyidae: pygmeo possumes
 Family Ektopodontidae †: sprite possumes
 Family Petauridae: striped possum, Leadbeater's possum, yellow-bellied glider, sugar glider, mahogany glider, squirrel glider
 Family Phalangeridae: brushtail possums e cuscuses
 Family Pseudocheiridae: ringtailed possums e relatives
 Family Tarsipedidae: honey possum
 Suborder Macropodiformes:
 Family Macropodidae: kangaroos, wallabies e relatives
 Family Potoroidae: potoroos, ratto kangurus, bettonges
 Family Hypsiprymnodontidae: ratto kangurus
 Family Balbaridae †: basal quadrupede kangurus

Historia evolutive
Le ultime ancestre commun al insimile del mammiferos actual serea apparite 180 Ma retro. Illo poneva ovos. Therios, le pangruppo del marsupiales e placentarios haberea divergite 160 Ma retro. Depois, le corona gruppos del marsupiales et del placentarios (i.e. les clados Marsupiala e Placentalia, respectivemente) serea apparite verisimilemente durante le Cretaceo tardive, ante le extinction del dinosauros non-avee, ma lor expansion esseva multo importante postea, le placia essente libre.

Se pensa communmente que le modo de reproduction del marsupiales serea intermedie inter istos del monotremas e del placentarios. Es false: le duo modos de reproduction son simplemente differente. De plus, un studio de 2023 considera que le Marsupiales son morphologicamente plus distante que le placentarios de lor ancestre commun.

Categoria:Mammalia