SARS-CoV-2

Le Coronavirus 2 del syndrome respiratori acute sever (abbreviate: SARS-CoV-2SARS veni del acronymo anglese: Severe acute respiratory syndrome) es un virus de ARN monocatenari del familia Coronaviridae, que causa le maladia de coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19). Illo essava initialmente cognoscite como nove coronavirus-19 (abbreviate: 2019-nCoV) per le Organisation Mundial del Sanitate.

Le virus lanceava le pandemia de coronavirus 2019-2020. Le prime casos suspectate esseva reportate per le OMS le 31 de decembre 2019. Plure casos del nove coronavirus esseva vinculate al mercato de alimentos marin de Wuhan, in China. Le virus poterea venir ex animales appestate in le mercato, ma il non es ancora certe que iste loco es le fonte del epidemia."Update and Interim Guidance on Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China CDC Health Update". New Jersey Department of Health. 18 January 2020 

Le material genetic de iste nove coronavirus monstra similaritates con le SARS-CoV (79.5%) e altere cippos de coronavirus de vespertilion (96%). Hoc significa que le virus pote haber primo venite ex vespertiliones.Sample CoVZC45 and CoVZXC21, see there for an interactive visualisation 

Le scientistas faceva varie experimentos que monstrava que le virus forsan vadeva ex vespertiliones ad hospites intermedie, significante que altere animales hospitante existe inter le vespertilion e le human.

Principal variantes preoccupante
A mesura que la pandemia progressa, le virus evolua pro se adaptar al immunisation del population e de nove variantes appare con mutationes genetic que permitte le  (escappamento al anticorpores del responsa immunitari). Iste mutationes concerna principalmente le dominio de ligamine al receptor sur le qual le anticorpores se fixa.

Depost la apparition del duo cippos original (A & B) al fin de 2019 a WuhanXiaolu Tang, Changcheng Wu, Xiang Li, Yuhe Song, Xinmin Yao, Xinkai Wu, Yuange Duan, Hong Zhang, Yirong Wang, Zhaohui Qian, Jie Cui, Jian Lu, On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, National Science Review, Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2020, Pages 1012–1023, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036, le principal variantes responsabile de ondas de contamination es le siquente:
 Alpha (B.1.1.7), apparite in octobre 2020 al Regno Unite;
 Beta (B.1.351), apparite le 18 decembre 2020 in Africa del Sud;
 Gamma (P.1), apparite le 6 januario 2021 in Japan de personas originari del Brasil; P1 e P.2 deriva de  B.1.1.28 que harea circulate al Brasil depois februario 2020;
 Delta (B.1.617.2), derivante del B.1.617 apparite le 5 octobre 2020 in India;
 Omicron (B.1.1.529), discoprite in Africa del Sud in novembre 2021 con circa trenta mutationes sul ; del 3 formas BA.1, BA.2 e BA.3, BA.2 es le plus frequente. Le coronavirus continua su evolution in le familia del subvariantes Omicron:
 BA.4/BA.5, classate preoccupante le 17 maio 2022, es responsabile del unda epidemic del primavera-estate 2022 in Europa; le subvariantes BA.2.75, BA.5.3.1 e BF.7 prolonga le contaminations;
 BQ.1.1 (B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1) associate con disordines gatrointestinal (Nigeria 07-2022);https://www.inspq.qc.ca/covid-19/labo/variants
 XBB.1.5 'Kraken', es un variante recombinante (XBB = BJ.1 x BA.2.75) discoperite al SUA in octobre 2022; le vaccino es actualisate pro proteger contre iste variante;https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-action-updated-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-better-protect-against-currently-circulatinghttps://www.vidal.fr/actualites/30397-vaccination-covid-19-trois-nouvelles-formulations-de-comirnaty-adaptees-au-variant-xbb-1-5.html
 XBB.1.9 'Hyperion';
 XBB.1.16 'Arcturus', sub vigilantia al primavera 2023;
 XBB.2.3 'Acrux';
 EG.5.1 (=XBB.1.9.2.5.1) 'Eris', emergente in augusto 2023 (del 'Hyperion' clan).https://www.midilibre.fr/2023/08/07/eris-le-nouveau-variant-du-covid-contagiosite-nombre-de-cas-quel-est-ce-virus-qui-descend-domicron-11383307.php
 JN.1 (=BA.2.86.1.1, septembre 2023, vaccino 2024-2025)https://www.santemagazine.fr/actualites/actualites-sante/tout-savoir-sur-jn1-le-nouveau-variant-du-covid-19-notamment-repere-au-royaume-uni-1040261, subvariante de Pirola (BA.2.86, sub surveliantia depost augusto 2023). Iste ultime se characterisa per eruptiones cutanee (principalmente sul facie e axillas) e irritation ocular, ultra digestive symptomas.https://lasanteauquotidien.com/coronavirus-covid-19/covid-19-quel-est-ce-nouveau-symptome-du-variant-pirola-qui-touche-le-visage/
 XDK, sub surveliantia in Francia in martio 2024, un recombinante JN1 x XBB.1.16.https://www.capital.fr/economie-politique/covid-19-un-nouveau-variant-recombinant-xdk-identifie-faut-il-s-en-mefier-1495302
 KP.2 (=B.1.1.529.2.86.1.1.11.1.2=JN.1.11.1.2, SUA, april 2024), un variante "FLiRT" (gruppo de variantes characterisate per mutationes F456L e R346T in spicula proteina, meliorante le escappamento de JN.1 al anticorpores); V1104L compensa un ligamine plus debile al ACE2 receptor.https://cov-lineages.org/lineage_list.htmlhttps://theconversation.com/as-covid-cases-rise-again-what-do-i-need-to-know-about-the-new-flirt-variants-230423(pdf) https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.595020v1.full.pdf
 XEC, un variante recombinante KS.1.1 (FLiRT) x KP.3.3 (FLuQE)
 LP.8.1 (julio 2024, descendante de JN.1 ; vaccino 2025-2026 in Europa)https://www.gavi.org/fr/vaccineswork/huit-choses-savoir-nouveaux-variants-covid-19-nimbus-stratus
 NB.1.8.1 'Nimbus' (januario 2025, epidemia in Est Asia 2025)
 XFG 'Stratus' (januario 2025, Canada, descendante de JN.1 LF.7 x LP.8.1.2)

 Referentias

Categoria:Coronaviridae
Categoria:Virus pathogen