Carmel Budiardjo

Carmel Budiardjo (nee Brikaman; (18 June 1925 - [[10 July 2021) ek English maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta, vyaakhyaata aur lekhak the. vah gair-sarakaaree sangathan tapol kee sansthaapak theen. budiyaardo indoneshiya aur poorvee timor mein yuddh aparaadhon aur maanavaadhikaaron ke hanan ke baare mein jaagarookata ke lie abhiyaan chalaane ke lie jaane jaate the. unakee sakriyata ke lie, unhen 1995 mein rait laivaleehud avaard se sammaanit kiya gaya. vah landan mein ek yahoodee parivaar se aaee theen, jinakee phaaseevaad virodhee maanyataon ne unakee vaamapanthee raajaneeti ko prabhaavit kiya tha. unhonne 1946 mein landan vishvavidyaalay se arthashaastr mein snaatak kee digree praapt kee, jahaan ve neshanal yooniyan oph stoodents mein sakriy ho gaeen. intaraneshanal yooniyan oph stoodents ke lie praag mein kaam karane ke dauraan, unakee mulaakaat ek indoneshiyaee sarakaaree adhikaaree suvondo bad budiyaardajo se huee, jinase unhonne 1950 mein shaadee kee. dampati 1951 mein indoneshiya chale gae, aur vah 1954 mein indoneshiyaee naagarik ban gaeen. budiyaardo ne pahale indoneshiyaee samaachaar ejensee antara ke lie anuvaadak ke roop mein kaam kiya, phir videsh mantraalay ke lie aarthik anusandhaan mein, baad mein indoneshiya ke skool oph ikonomiks mein adhyayan kiya aur phir baandung aur res pablika (ab trishakti) mein padajadajaran vishvavidyaalay mein vyaakhyaan diya. jakaarta mein vishvavidyaalay. 1966 mein janaral suhaarto dvaara satta hathiyaane ke baad, unake pati ko 12 saal jel mein bitaane ke lie jel mein daal diya gaya tha. unhen khud giraphtaar kiya gaya tha, aur baad mein 1968 mein teen saal ke lie jel mein daal diya gaya tha aur 1971 mein unakee rihaee ke baad, unhen inglaind bhej diya gaya tha. lautane par usane indoneshiya mein raajaneetik kaidiyon ke lie abhiyaan chalaane ke lie tapol kee sthaapana kee, jisaka naam tahanaan raajaneetik, ya indoneshiyaee mein raajaneetik kaidee ke sankshipt naam se liya gaya. sangathan ne apanee gatividhiyon ka vistaar kiya, aur poorvee timor mein sainy gatividhi aur maanavaadhikaaron ke ullanghan ke baare mein jaanakaaree praapt karane mein pramukh tha, 1975 mein indoneshiya dvaara aakraman aur kabja kar liya, saath hee saath pashchim paapua aur aache. taapol buletin nae aadesh ke tahat indoneshiya mein maanavaadhikaar kee sthiti ke baare mein jaanakaaree ka ek pramukh srot tha. vah indoneshiya mein maanavaadhikaaron aur raajaneeti par kaee pustakon kee lekhika bhee theen. sangathan sakriy rahata hai, budiyaardo abhee bhee apanee mrtyu tak apanee gatividhiyon mein ek bahut hee mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibha raha hai.http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/4323/rights-activist-says-genocide-continues-in-indonesia/https://books.google.com/books?id=uCOrNL9jPJsC&pg=PA117&dq=%22Carmel+Brickman%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jRqGVce5CsXYU-T-gLAL&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Carmel%20Brickman%22&f=truehttps://books.google.com/books?id=c4pBAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Carmel+Brickman%22&dq=%22Carmel+Brickman%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jRqGVce5CsXYU-T-gLAL&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAAhttps://books.google.com/books?id=sjJQAQAAIAAJ&q=suwondo+budiardjo&dq=suwondo+budiardjo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nSGGVb7YL8j-UpHjgJgI&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCAhttps://books.google.com/books?ei=ggKGVcboH8uAUbTWgOgC&id=WUVxAAAAMAAJ&dq=Budiardjo%2C+Carmel.+%27%27Surviving+Indonesia%27s+Gulag%27%27.+London%3A+Cassell%2C+1996&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=IUS

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