Maratha Samrajya

Maratha Samrajya,  jiske Maratha Confederacy ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, ek early modern samrajya  Indian subcontinent me rahaa. Isme Peshwa ke ilaaka aur chaar khaas ajaad Maratha states rahin. jon sab Peshwa ke  nominal leadership ke niche rahaa.

Marathas log Marathi- me baat kare waala  western Deccan Plateau (abhi ke Maharashtra)  ke rahin jon  Shivaji (17th century) ke niche,  Bijapur Sultanate aur Mughal Empire se revolt kar ke  "Hindavi Swarajya" banae rahin. Emperor Aurangzeb ke attitude non-Muslims ke bagal ke kaaran dher non-Muslims khusi nai rahin, aur  Maratha insurgency suruu bhais rahaa jisse des pe dhan aur aadmi ke dher kharchaa rahaa.  Maratha sarkar me   warriors, administrators, aur duusra Marathi groups ke nobles rahin. Shivaji ke monarchy, ke Maratha Samrajya, bola jaawe hae jon 18th century me dher barr gais rahaa,  Peshwa Bajirao I neta ke niche. Marathas,   Shahu I ke time se  Mughal emperor ke aapan neta maane rahin, uutime ke duusra  Indian states ke rakam, lekin asliyat me, Mughal politics were ke jaada kar ke Maratha log 1737 aur 1803 ke biich me control karat rahin.: "Vishwanath consolidated the Maratha power in the Deccan and led an expeditionary force to Delhi (1718–19) as an ally of the Sayyad brothers. He made the Maratha presence felt at the metropolis for the first time, secured the release of Shahu's family members from Mughal captivity, and obtained the confirmation of the Mughal-Maratha Treaty of 1718 from the emperor. This treaty, by which Shahu accepted the nominal suzerainty of the Mughal Crown in return for his right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi from all the six provinces of 'the Mughal Deccan'...Delhi became the hub of Maratha political and military activities with effect from 1752, and they used the Mughal emperor as a mere tool in their hands to wield the imperial powers in his name and under his nominal suzerainty."

1707 me, Aurangzeb ke maut ke baad, Shivaji ke potaa Shahu  Peshwa Bajirao ke leadership ke niche,  Maratha taagat ke revive kar diis aur dher authority   Bhat palwaar ke diis rahaa, jon  hereditary peshwas (prime ministers) ban gain. 1749 me uske maut ke baad, Bhatt palwaar raaj kare lagin. Agwai kare waala Maratha palwaarScindia, Holkar, Bhonsle, aur Gaekwad aapan ilaake ke  northern aur me barrhain aur ajaad hoe gay rahin.   Marathas log ke jor se aage barrnaa ke uutime roka gais jab  defeat of Panipat 1761 me,  Durrani Empire ke agaianr uulog ke haar hoe gais rahaa. Jawaan Peshwa Madhavrao I ke maut ke baad  Peshwa’s effective authority empire ke duusra chiefs ke uppar se khalaa hoe gais rahaa. 1802 me jab  Holkar raaj-kul uulog ke harae diis rahaa,  Peshwa Baji Rao II  British East India Company se sahaetaa maangis, jiske kaaran Maratha confederacy 1818 me, Second aur Third Anglo-Maratha Wars ke baad khalaas hoe gais rahaa.

References

vibhag:M
vibhag:India ke samrajya
vibhag:1674 establishments
vibhag:1818 disestablishments