Pataliputra

Pataliputra (IAST: ), jon abhi ke Patna, Bihar ke bagal me hae, puraana India ke ek  city rahaa jiske  Magadha ke raaja, Ajatashatru 490 BCE me banais rahaa, ek chhotaa fort () ke ruup me,   Ganges naddi ke bagal me.. Udayin ii city ke huan banais jahaan pe dui naddi  Son aur Ganges mile hae. Uu aapan raajdhani ke  Rajgriha se Pataliputra hatae diis rahaa kaaheki ii samrajya ke biich me rahaa. 

Ii puraana India ke dher barraa-barraa samrajya ke raajdhani banaa rahaa, jaise  Shishunaga Empire (–345 BCE), Nanda Empire (),  Maurya Empire (–180 BCE),  Gupta Empire (–550 CE), aur Pala Empire (–1200 CE). Maurya ke jamaana me (niche dekho), ii dunia ke sab se barraa city me se ek rahaa.  Greek diplomat, traveler aur historian Megasthenes ke anusaar, Mauryan Empire (–180 BCE) uu city me se ek pahila rahaa jiske niche ek bahut efficient rakam ke local self government rahaa.
Iske jagha ke, abhi ke jamaana me,  1892 me Laurence Waddell paais rahaa, jon ek book ke chaapis rahaa Discovery of the Exact Site of Asoka's Classic Capital.Discovery Of The Exact Site Of Asoka's Classic Capital, 1892 Hian pe dher  archaeological excavations karaa gais hae, aaj ke Patna ke nagiich."Patna". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2013 <>. 20th century  ke suruu me, Patna ke lage ke excavations ii dekhais rahaa ki  barra fortification diwaal ke sabuut rahaa, jisme reinforcing wooden trusses bhi rahaa.Valerie Hansen Voyages in World History, Volume 1 to 1600, 2e, Volume 1 pp. 69 Cengage Learning, 2012

Naam
Sanskrit bhasa me, "Pāṭali-"  pāṭalī perr (Bignonia suaveolens) ke refer kare hae,jab "-putrá" (पुत्र) ke matlab "larrkaa" hae.

Ek itihassik biswas haeEncyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, p.677 ki ii city ke ek perr ke naam dewa gais hae .Folklore, Vol. 19, No. 3 (30 September 1908), pp. 349–350  Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (Sutta 16 of the Dīgha Nikāya) ke anusaar, Pāṭaliputta uu jagha rahaa "jahaan pe  Pāṭali perr ke biyaa khul jaawat rahaa ". Ek aur itihaas ii batae hae ki   ke matlab   ke larrkaa hae, jon  Raja Sudarsan ke larkaa rahaa.Journal of Francis Buchanan (1812), p.182 Jaise iske pahile    (" village") bola jaawat rahaa, kuchh gyaani log ii biswas kare hae ki    ke transformation hae, " town".Language, Vol. 4, No. 2 (June, 1928), pp. 101–105  Pataliputra ke Kusumapura (fuul ke city) bhi bolaa jaawat rahaa.

References

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