India ke itihaas

Insaan pahila dafe  Indian subcontinent me 73,000 se 55,000 saal pahile. Quote: "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka." Sab se pahila jaana waala insaan ke  remains, South Asia me, ke  30,000 saal pahile ke date karaa jaawe hae. Ek jagha rahe waala sankriti  South Asia me lagbhag 7000 BCE me suruu bhais rahaa; aur 4500 BCE talak, settled jindagi fael gais rahaa, aur dhire-dhire Indus Valley Civilisation me hoe gais rahaa, jon puraana dunia ke ek  cradle of civilisation hae, jon  2500 BCE aur 1900 BCE ke biich me  abhi ke Pakistan aur north-western India me rahaa. Second millennium BCE ke suruwaat me, persistent jhuura ke kaaran Indus Valley ke abaadi sab bagal chhitraae gain aur city se jaae ke gaon me rahe lagin.  Indo-Aryan tribes  Punjab me  Central Asia se aae ke bas gain dher waves of migration me. Vedic log ke Vedic jamaana northern India (1500–500 BCE) me ek extensive collections of hymns (Vedas) ke lokha gais rahaa. Uu log ke sanckriri ke ke loosely stratify karaa gais rahaa,  varna system se, jon evolve hoe ke abhi ke Jāti system banaa. Jaanwar charaae waala, aur ek jagha se duusra jagha ghuume waala,  Indo-Aryans  Punjab se Gangetic plain me fael gay rahin. Lagbhag 600 BCE me, duusra  urbanization bhais  jiske kaaran ek nawaa  interregional culture; jisme uutime ke chhotaa-chhota janapadas (realms) ke jorr ke  mahajanapadas (great states) banaa rahaa. Ii jamaana me nawaa  ascetic movements aur dharmik consepts suruu bhais rahaa,Flood, Gavin. Olivelle, Patrick. 2003. The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Malden: Blackwell. pp. 273–274 jisme  Jainism aur Buddhism rahaa. Buddhism uutime ke dharmik bichaar se mil ke aabhi ke  Hinduism banaa hae.

Chandragupta Maurya, Nanda Samrajya ke palat ke India ke pahiila barraa samrajya, Maurya Samrajya ke suruu karis rahaa. India ke Mauryan raaja Ashoka ke violent Kalinga War ke khaatir jaana jaawe hae, jiske baad uu Buddhism ke accept karis rahaa aur uske kosis  ahinsa aue santi ke sanrajya bhar faelais rahaa. Ii jamaana me jorr se  Śramaṇic dharam faela rahin.

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