Indo-Greek Samrajya

Indo-Greek Samrajya, jiske Yavana Kingdom ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, ek Hellenistic-era Greek samrajya rahaa, jon abhi ke  Afghanistan aur Pakistan ke kuchh hissa ke cover kare hae. 

"Indo-Greek Kingdom" motaa taur pe  uu sab Greek states ke bola jaawe hae jon  regional capitals jaise Taxila, Sagala, Pushkalavati, aur Bagram se raaj karat rahin.Mortimer Wheeler  Flames over Persepolis (London, 1968). Pp. 112 ff. It is unclear whether the Hellenistic street plan found by Sir John Marshall's excavations dates from the Indo-Greeks or from the Kushans, who would have encountered it in Bactria; Tarn (1951, pp. 137, 179) ascribes the initial move of Taxila to the hill of Sirkap to Demetrius I, but sees this as "not a Greek city but an Indian one"; not a polis or with a Hippodamian plan."Menander had his capital in Sagala" Bopearachchi, "Monnaies", p. 83.McEvilley supports Tarn on both points, citing Woodcock: "Menander was a Bactrian Greek king of the Euthydemid dynasty. His capital (was) at Sanghol in the Punjab, "in the country of the Yonakas (Greeks)"." McEvilley, p. 377. However, "Even if Sagala proves to be a city, it does not seem to be Menander's capital for the Milindapanha states that Menander came down to Sagala to meet Nagasena, just as the Ganges flows to the sea." Duusra jagha bhi hoe sake hae, jaise  Ptolemy ke Geographia aur ii naam ke baad waala raaja log kaam me laawat rahin jon ii suggest kare hae ki ek Theophilus Indo-Greek sphere of influence saait raaj dhani rahaa hoe. 

Ii sanrajya uu time suruu bhais rahaa, jab Graeco-Bactrian raaja Demetrius I,  India ke Bactria se Bactria 200 BC me invade karis rahaa. Jon Greeks log  Seleucid Empire ke east me rahin, kuchh din baad divide hoe ke Graeco-Bactrian Samrajya aur Indo-Greek Samrajya,  North Western Indian Subcontinent me.

Aapan dui sau saal ke raaj me, Indo-Greek raaja log Greek aur Indian bhasa aur chinh ke combine kare rahin, jaise uulog ke coin me dekhae hae , aur Greek aur Indian ideas ke combine karaa gais rahaa, jaise archaeological remains me dekha jaawe hae."A vast hoard of coins, with a mixture of Greek profiles and Indian symbols, along with interesting sculptures and some monumental remains from Taxila, Sirkap and Sirsukh, point to a rich fusion of Indian and Hellenistic influences", India, the Ancient Past, Burjor Avari, p. 130 Indo-Greek culture ke Indian sanskriti me asar abhi bhi dekha jaawe hae, jaada kar ke Greco-Buddhist art se.Ghose, Sanujit (2011). "Cultural links between India and the Greco-Roman world". Ancient History Encyclopedia  Indo-Greek ke jaat bhi saait milaawal rahaa kuch had talak. Euthydemus I rahaa, Polybius ke anusaar,11.34 ek Magnesian Greek. Uske larrka, Demetrius I, founder of Indo-Greek samrajya ke suruu kare waala, kamti-se-kamti Greek jaat ke rahaa, uske pitaji ke bagal se.  Ek saadi ke sandhi  Demetrius ke  Seleucid ruler Antiochus III se. Baad ke Indo-Greek rulers  ke jaat clear nai hae. ("Notes on Hellenism in Bactria and India". W. W. Tarn. Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 22 (1902), pp. 268–293). Jaise, Artemidoros (80 BC) ke Indo-Scythian descent ke rahe ke rahaa, lekin aaj-kal iske ek samaan  Indo-Greek raaja maana jaawe hae.Osmund Bopearachchi Was Indo-Greek Artemidoros the son of Indo-Sctythian Maues 

Menander I, jon sab se jaana-maana Indo-Greek raaja rahaa, ke jaada kar ke khaali "Menander,"  ke naam se jaana jaawe hae ii rahe par bhi ke ek aur   Indo-Greek raaja ke naam Menander II rahaa. Menander I ke capital Sakala Punjab (abhi ke Sialkot) me rahaa.  Menander ke maut ke baad,  uske samrajya chhotaa-chhotaa tukrraa me bat gay rahin aur Indo-Greek influence kamti hoe gais rahaa. Ravi Naddi ke east ke dher sanrajya aur republics aapan coin ke banae lagin jisme yudh me safalta dekhaawa jaawat rahaa."Most of the people east of the Ravi already noticed as within Menander's empire -Audumbaras, Trigartas, Kunindas, Yaudheyas, Arjunayanas- began to coins in the first century BC, which means that they had become independent kingdoms or republics.", Tarn, The Greeks in Bactria and India  Isme se sab se khaas Yaudheya Republic,  Arjunayanas, aur Audumbaras. Yaudheyas aur Arjunayanas duuno ke bola jaawe hae  "victory by the sword". Datta raaj-kul aur  Mitra raaj- Mathura me rahin.

References

vibhag:I
vibhag:India ke samrajya