India

+Republic of Indiaभारत गणराज्यBharat Gaṇarājya 125px 80px India ka jhanda National Emblem Motto: Satyameva JayateEnglish: Truth Alone TriumphsSanskrit:सत्यमेव जयतेजय हिन्द, jay hind 300px Rajabhasa  हिन्दी Hindi Maatra bhasa Malayalam, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Marwari, Tamil, Telegu, Kannada, Sanskrit, Mizo, Bihari, Kashmiri, Urdu, Farsi, Konkani, Assamese, Sindhi, Odia, Nishi Dusre bhasa  Nepali, Persian(Farsi), Arabic, (Pashton), Adi Sambandh  Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Russia, South East Asia, South Asia NRI (Non Residing Indian)  MENA(5 million), North America aur Asia(2 million each), Europe (500,000), South America, United Kingdom & Australia(350,000 each). Overseas Indian  Asia(3 million), North America(4 million), Africa & UK(1.5 million each), Australia(400,000), Europe & MENA(100,000 each) Migrants  12 million Rashtra Gaana:  Jana Gana Mana Rajdhani  New Delhi28º 34' N, 77º 12' E Sarkaar - President - Prime Minister  - Vice President Federal republicDroupadi MurmuNarendra ModiJagdeep Dankhar Ajaadi -Date - United Kingdom (British Raaj) 15 August 1947  Kshetrafal  - Total   - % paani 7th position 3,287,263 km² 9.56% Janasankhya  - Total (2023)  -Density - 2nd position 1,385,000,000403.8/km2 GDP  - Total (2023)  - Per capita 5th position $ 3,750,000,000 ($1.2 billion - $350 billion) $ 2,707 varies state to state ($2000 - $20000) Dharam Hinduism Dusre Dharam Sikhism, Islam, Buddhism, Christian, Zoroastrian, Judaism Mudra  Indian rupee(INR) Samay Mandal  UTC +5:30 Durbhasha code  +91 Internet TLD .in
India (Bharat, Hindustan), South Asia ka ek desh hae. Iski abaadi 1,370,000,000 se jaada hae. India ki raajdhaani New Delhi hae. Is desh ki 22 adhikarik bhashayen hae. Ye kshetrafal me duniya ka satvaan (7th) sab se bada desh hae aur abaadi mein sab se bada desh hae, aur duniya ki sab se barraa democracy hae. Iske dakshin me Indian Ocean, pashchim me Arabian Sea, purab me Bay of Bengal hae. Iske border ke paschim me Pakistan, uttar me China, Bhutan, Nepal aur poorab me Bangladesh aur Myanmar hae. India ke dakshin me Indian Ocean me to the east. India ke dakshin me Sri Lanka, Maldives, aur Indonesia hae.

India ke ruling ke ithiaas ke bare mein kaha gaya hae ki Chandragupt Murya India ke pehle Raja the aur modern day India ko banane mein Shri Jawaharlal Nehru ka haath hae magar Shri Dr. Rajendra Prasad bhi ho sakte hae British ke madam se. Aur dusre aise ithasik log hae Ashoka the Great. Turko Indian Tuqhlaq aur Mughal Empire ka bhi haath hae, Indus valley civilization. Aaj ke zamane mein All India National Congress aur Bharatiya Janata Party aur Janata Dal aur communist party ka Hukum ke barabari chalta hae aur raja aur politician ke bhi haath hae.

India me 28 states aur 9 union territories hae (jisme national capital territory bhi hae) States and Union Territories of India - Source - Govt of India Official Website. Union territories ke President of India  se appoint karaa gais administrators chalawe hae. Dui territor, (Delhi aur Puducherry) ke partial statehood dewa gais hae, jisme ek elected legislature aur executive councils of ministers hae, lekin state e raam ii logan ke lage puura taagat nai hae.Article 370 5 August ko remove kiya tha aur tab 9 union terretories ho gaye.
National symbols of the Republic of India (Official) National heritage animal 50px National bird 50px National tree Bargad Ka Ped National flower 50px National  animal 50px National aquatic marine mammal 50px National reptile 50px National heritage mammal 50px National fruit 50px National temple 50px National river 50px National mountain 50px

States
NumberStateCodeCapital1Andhra PradeshAPAmaravati2Arunachal PradeshARItanagar3AssamASDispur4BiharBRPatna5ChhattisgarhCGRaipur6GoaGAPanaji7GujaratGJGandhinagar8HaryanaHRChandigarh9Himachal PradeshHPShimla10JharkhandJHRanchi11KarnatakaKABangalore12KeralaKLThiruvananthapuram13Madhya PradeshMPBhopal14MaharashtraMHMumbai15ManipurMNImphal16MeghalayaMLShillong17MizoramMZAizawl18NagalandNLKohima19OrissaORBhubaneswar20PunjabPBChandigarh21RajasthanRJJaipur22SikkimSKGangtok23Tamil NaduTNChennai24TripuraTRAgartala25Uttar PradeshUPLucknow26UttarakhandULDehradun27West BengalWBKolkata28Telangana TSHyderabad;

Union Territories
NumberUnion territoryCodeCapitalAAndaman and Nicobar IslandsANPort BlairBChandigarhCHChandigarhCDadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and DiuDNDadraDLakshadweepLDKavarattiENational Capital TerritoryNDNew DelhiFPuducherryPYPuducherryGJammu and KashmirJKSrinagar and JammuHLadakhLALeh

 Etymology 
India ke naam Indus se aais hae, jon ki purana Farsi bhasa me Hindu sabd hae. Farsi me ii Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu) se aais hae, jisme ii Indus Naddi ke naam hae. Purana jamana ke Greeek logan Hindusani log ke Indoi (Ινδοί), yaaniki Indus ke log, bolate the. India ke Constitution me des ko Bharat (ucharan: [ˈbʱaːrət̪]) bola jata hae. Bharat naam India ke ek purana raja Bharata se aya hae. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn]) , jo ki Farsi se aaya hae, ka matalab “Hinduyon ka desh” hae.

 Itihaas 
India ek prachin des hae jiska lamba itihas hae. Adhunik India 1947 se ajaad desh hae,jo pehle British imperial crown aur usse pehle East India company ke indirect control Mein Tha.
India ke itihaas uu time se suruu hoe hae jab ki 500,000 saal pahle hian pe Homo erectus rahat rahin, Iske baad hian pe 75,000 saal pahile Homo sapiensrahe ke suruu karin. Indus Valley Civilization, jon ki Indian sub-continent ke northwestern hissa me c. 3300 se 1300 BCE talak rahaa, India ke pahila khaas civilization rahaa. Iron Age me ek Vedic Civilization, Indo-Gangetic plain me suru bhais jisme Magadha kingdom rahaa jon ki Mahavira aur Gautama Buddha ke 6th or 5th century BCE me janam dis rahaa.

4th and 3rd centuries BCE me lagbhag subcontinent ke sab hissa ke Maurya Empire aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad 1500 chhota chhota kingdom, jiske middle ke nnam se jaana jaawe hae, rahaa. Ii time India ke economy jorr se barha rahaa. 4h century me India ke north aur cental hissa ke unite kar ke Gupta Empire banaa jon ki 200 saal talak chalaa. Ii time Hinduism aur aage barrha. South India me Chalukyas, Cholas, Pallavas, aur Pandyas raj karat rahin jon ki Hinduism aur Buddhism ke Asia ke dusra des me export karin.

South India me, Kerala 77 CE se Roman Empire se trade karat rahaa. Islam bhi pahile Kerala me Muslim traders se aais. Muslim rule subcontinent me 712 CE me aais jab ki Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim Sindh aur Multan pr kapjaa karis. Iske baad dher aur Muslim invaders central Asia se aain aur Delhi Sultanate aur Mughal Empire jaise Empire ke suruu karin.

Mughal Empire ke saathe dher Rajput kingdoms, aur dher Hindu states, jaise ki Vijayanagara Empire, Maratha Empire, aur Ahom Kingdom bhi rahaa. 18th century me Moghul Empire   Afghans, Balochis, Sikhs, aur Marathas ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais. .

Mid-18th century ke baad, India ke dhire dhire British East India Company aapan niche kar liis. Company ke raaj se nakhusi ke kaaran  Indian Rebellion of 1857 bhais aur iske baad , India ke was directly British Crown ke niche karaa gais. Iske baad  struggle for independence ke Indian National Congress suru karis jiske baad me Muslim League bhi join karis. Subcontinent ke  United Kingdom se 1947 me ajaadi mila aur des ke partition kar ke India aur Pakistan banawa gais.

 List of Vice Presidents of India 

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan - Independent
 Zakir Husain - Independent 
 Varahagiri Venkatagiri - Independent
 Gopal Swarup Pathak - Independent
 B. D. Jatti - INC
 M. Hidayatullah - Independent
 R. Venkatraman - INC
 K. R. Narayan - INC
 Krishan Kant - Janata Dal
 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat - BJP
 M. Hamid Ansari - INC
 M. Venkaiah Naidu - BJP
 Jagdeep Dhankar (Present) - BJP

 Pradhan Mantri/Prime Minister 
 Name Chapa Entered Office Left office Birth Death Political party Jawahar Lal Nehru 100px 15 August 1947 c 27 May 1964 1 14 November 1889   27 May 1964 Indian National Congress|100pxRajiv & Indira Gandhithumb - - - -Indian National Congress Gulzarilal Nanda Gulzarilal Nanda 1|100px 27 May 1964 9 June 1964 * 4 July 1898   15 January 1998 Indian National Congress Lal Bahadur Shastri 100px 9 June 1964 11 January 1966 1 2 October 1904   11 January 1966 Indian National Congress Gulzarilal Nanda  Gulzarilal Nanda 1|100px 11 January 1966 24 January 1966 * 4 July 1898   15 January 1998 Indian National Congress Morarji Desai 100px 24 March 1977 28 July 1979 4 29 February 1896   10 April 1995 Janata Party Charan Singh 118x118px 28 July 1979 14 January 1980 3 23 December 1902   29 May 1987 Janata Party Vishwanath Pratap Singh 75px 2 December 1989 10 November 1990 3 25 June 1931   27 November 2008 Janata Dal Chandra Shekhar 75px 10 November 1990 21 June 1991  1 July 1927  8 July 2007 Samajwadi Janata Party P. V. Narasimha Rao 75px 21 June 1991 c 16 May 1996  28 June 1921   23 December 2004 Indian National Congress Atal Bihari Vajpayee 100px 16 May 1996 1 June 1996 <sup>3</sup> 25 December 1924 16 August 2018 Bharatiya Janata Party Inder Kumar Gujral 100px 21 April 1997 19 March 1998 4 December 1919 30 November 2012 Janata Dal Atal Bihari Vajpayee 100px 19 March 1998 c 22 May 2004  25 December 1924 16 August 2018 Bharatiya Janata Party Dr. Manmohan Singh 100px 22 May 2004 26 May 2014 26 September 1932 Alive Indian National Congress Narendra Damodardas Modi 100px 26 May 2014 c Incumbent 17 September 1950 Alive Bharatiya Janata Party

 Notes 
 * Interim - It is debatable whether Mr. Gulzari Lal Nanda was a Prime Minister or an Acting Prime Minister. The constitution does not have a position of acting Prime Minister. Mr. Nanda was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India. In contrast, the constitution provides for an acting President who discharges the duties of a President. Hence, constitutional experts and historians now agree that Mr. Nanda is the second Prime Minister of India.
c-indicates a full term
 1 Assassinated or Died in Office
 2 Returned to Office
 3 Resigned
 4 Dismissed by President following a no-confidence motion

 Presidents 
Ii suchi ke number karaa gais hae uu order pe jispe uu logan presential election ke jitin rahaa. Varahagiri Venkata Giri, Muhammad Hidayatullah, aur Basappa Danappa Jatti, acting president rahin, aur ii kaaran se number nai karaa gais hae. India ke President koi party ke member nai rahe hae aur Political party waala column ii dekhae hae ki president elect hoe se pahile kon party me rahaa.

+NamePortraitTook officeLeft officeVice PresidentNotes Dr Rajendra Prasad 137x137px 26 January 1950 13 May 1962 Dr.S RadhakrishnanPrasad, ajaad India ke pahila President rahaa aur Bihar ke rahaa.  Uu India ke ajaadi ke larai me bhi involved rahaa. Prasad, ekke President rahaa jon ki dui dafe President banaa. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan thumb|137x137px  13 May 1962 13 May 1967 Zakir HussainRadhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a Knight of the Realm and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University. He was also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI. Zakir Hussain 137x137px 13 May 1967 3 May 1969 Varahagiri Venkata GiriHussain was vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna. He died before his term of office was ended. Varahagiri Venkata Giri * No Image Available? 3 May 1969 20 July 1969Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain. He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections. Muhammad Hidayatullah * 100px 20 July 1969 24 August 1969Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India, and was a recipient of the Order of the British Empire. He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 137x137px 24 August 1974 11 February 1977 Basappa Danappa JattiFakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office. Basappa Danappa Jatti * No Image Available 11 February 1977 25 July 1977Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy thumb|137x137px 25 July 1977 25 July 1982 Muhammad HidayatullahN.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh. He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India. Giani Zail Singh thumb|137x137px 25 July 1982 25 July 1987 Ramaswamy VenkataramanIn March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister. Ramaswamy Venkataraman thumb|137x137px 25 July 1987 25 July 1992 Shankar Dayal SharmaIn 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the India's independence movement. After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence. Shankar Dayal Sharma No Image Available? 25 July 1992 25 July 1997 Kocheril Raman NarayananSharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra. Kocheril Raman Narayanan No Image Available? 25 July 1997 25 July 2002 Krishan KantNarayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities. He was also the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam thumb|137x137px 25 July 2002 25 July 2007 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. Kalam also received the Bharat Ratna. Pratibha Patil thumb|137x137px 25 July 2007 Incumbent25 July 2012 Mohammad Hamid AnsariPatil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.Pranab Mukherjeethumb|137x137px25 July 201225 July 2017Mohammad Hamid AnsariIn a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India.Ram Nath Kovindthumb|137x137px25 July 201725 July 2022Mohammad Hamid Ansari
M. Venkaiah NaiduPreviously he had served as the 26th Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election.Droupadi Murmu 25 July 2022CurrentJagdeep Dhankar
M. Venkaiah NaiduPresidency hasil karne se pehle Murmu Jharkhand mien ke mantri thi inhone 2015 - 2021 take kaam kiya hae. Murmu agricultural department mein ek junior assistant thi aur kai baar chunau mein khadi hui hae.  Governor ke samay mein Murmu ne kai award hasil ki hae. Murmu India ki doosri mahila president hae. 

 Symbol (*) light brown backgroundke saathe, ii dekhae hae ki iiacting president rahaa.

 States and union territories 

 Chapa 

 References 


vibhag:Commonwealth ke member
vibhag:English bhasa waala des
vibhag:Hindi bhasa waala des
vibhag:Panjabi bhasa waala des
vibhag:Urdu bhasa waala des
vibhag:Bengali bhasa waala des
vibhag:Gujarati bhasa waala des
vibhag:Sindhi bhasa waala des
vibhag:Telugu bhasa waala des
vibhag:Tamil bhasa waala des
vibhag:Asia ke des
vibhag:Dunia ke des