Spain

Spain,jiske pahile Kingdom of Spain ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, Europe ke southwest me ek des hae. Ii Iberian Peninsula me Portugal aur Gibraltar ke bagal me hae.  Iske north me France aur ek chhotaa des, Andorra hae. 

Spain ke jaada log Spanish bhasa me bat kare hae, lekin des ke kuch jagah me duusra bhasa me baat karaa jaae hae jaise ki Catalan bhasa, Basque bhasa, aur Galician bhasa, Leonese bhasa, Aragonese, Aranese Occitan aur Portuguese bhasa. Spain ke jada log ke dharam,  Roman Catholic hae.

1975 se Spain me ek Raja hae jiske palace capital , Madrid me hae.  

Spain ke area five hundred thousand square kilometres hae aur ii iske France se chhota aur Sweden aur Germany se barraa kar de hae. Forty-three million log Spain me rahe hae.

Itihaas
Iberian Peninsula, jisme Spain aur Portugal hae, me 1.3 million saal pahile homonid rahat rahin. Aadhmik insaan Iberia me 35,000 saal pahile aawe rahin.Typical Aurignacian items were found in Cantabria (Morín, El Pendo, El Castillo), the Basque Country (Santimamiñe) and Catalonia. The radiocarbon datations give the following dates: 32,425 and 29,515 BP. 

Rome ke Iberian Peninsula ke aapan niche kare se pahile hian pe Iberians aur Celts rahat rahin. Iberian log peninsula ke Mediterranean ke taraf rahat rahin aur Celts log bhittar waala jagha aur Atlantic waala taraf rahat rahin. Basques log Pyrenees pahaarr ke west aur nigiich ke jagha me rahat rahin. Phoenician log samundar ke kinare dher city banae rahin aur Greek log kuch colony aur trading post ke east me banae rahin. Carthage ke log bhi ii ilaaka me ghuse rahin lakin jaada kar ke samundar ke kinare rahat rahin.

210 aur 205 BC ke biich me Rome, Mediterranean coast pe Carthage ke trading colony ke aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad Rome ke 200 saal lagaa puura Iberia ke aapan niche kare ke. Rome ke kaanun, bhasa aur rasta Iberia me kaam me laawa jaae lagaa. Dhire dhire hian ke log Roman ke sanskriti ke apnaae lagin aur kuch huan ke neta ke Roman aristrocacy me jagha milaa.

Hispania (Spain), Rome ke khaatir dher khaae waala chij ke utpaadan karat rahaa aur hian se wool, olive oil aur wine ke export karaa jaawat rahaa. Christianity ke hian pe pahila century AD me laawa gais rahaa aur duusra century talak city me jaada log isme biswas karat rahin. 170 AD se Mauri log North Africa se Spain me ghuse lage rahin.

409 me Germanic log North se aae ke north-west iberia me ek kingdom banain aur Vandal log south me aae ke bas gain, lekin Roamn sanskriti aur Christainity nai badlaa. Byzantine Empire ek colony ke Spain ke south  me banain jisse ki Rome ke Raj ke fir se hian pe laawa jaae sake. Baad me Visigothic Kingdom ke niche Spain ek des bhais.

711 se lae ke 718 talak, Umayyad Caliphate jon North Africa ke Byzantine Empire se lae lin rahaa, lagbhag sab Iberian Peninsula ke aapan niche kae liin. Khaali ek kgha north ke pahaar ke lage Visigoth Kindoam ke niche rahaa. Iske baad north me aur Christian Kingdom banaa aur Muslim aur Christian ilaaka ke siima Ebro aur Douro valley rahaa. 
alt=|thumb|right|200px|The Mihrab in the Cordoba ke mosque
Ii time huan ke dher jan Muslim hoe gais aur Al-Andalus ke jaada log Muslim rahin. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. Chapter 5: Ethnic Relations , Thomas F. Glick

Viking log coast ke ilaaka pe 9th aur 10th century me raid kare rahin. 11th century me Caliphate of Cordoba tuut gais aur dher chhota chhota kindom me vibhajit hoe gain aur Christian kingdom south ke bagal expand hoe lagin.
1248 me Muslim Kingdom jon Cordoba aur serville me rahaa, Christian raja ke niche aae gain. Dhire dihre muslim influence kamtii bhais aur 1492 me puuura peninsula pe Christians ke raaj fir se hoe gais.

Chhaapa ke gallery

 Bahaari jorr 
 Official tourism portal for Spain
 Weather forecast 

References


Category:European Union ke member
Category:Spanish bhasa waala des

vibhag:S