Turkey

Turkey ( jiske Anatolia bhi bila jaae hai), jiske sarkari naam, Republic of Turkiye hae, Anatolia West Asia me aur southeast Europe ke ek chhotaa hissa, jiske East Thrace bola jaae hae, ke au ek des hai. Iske north me Black Sea hae, east me Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan aur Iran, Irag, Syria aur  Mediterranean Sea south me aur Aegean Sea, Greece aur Bulgaria west me hae. Turkey ke puura ilaka 780,000 square kilometres hae aur iske population 85 million hae. Iske jaada log Turks hae aur ethnic minority me sab se jaada Kurds hae.  Turkey ke official bhasa  Turkish hai. Turkey ke jaada log Muslim hae , lekin ii officially ek secular des hae. Ankara Turkey ke capital aur duusra sab se barraa city hae, jab Istanbul sab se barraa city aur des ke economic aur financial center hae. Aur barraa city hae Izmir, Bursa aur Antalya

Turkey, ek republic hai. Turkey me 81 cities hai. Turkish ke paisa Turkish Lira bola jaawe hai.

Iske capital Ankara hai jon ki Anatolia ke biich me hai lekin iske cultural aur economic center Istanbul.

Turkey me 50,000BC se 15,000BC talak insaan aae ke rahe lage rahin. Ii jagha me dher jaat ke log rahat rahin. Alexander the Great ke conquest ke baad, hian pe Greek sanskriti jarr pakarr liis.: "Subsequently, hellenization of the elites transformed Anatolia into a largely Greek-speaking region" 11th century me ii jagha me Seljuk Turks aain  aur Turkish saskriti hian pe bhi sael gais. 1243 me Mongol log invade karin aur des chgota-chhota raj me vibhajit hoe gais. 1299 me Ottomans des ke unite kar diin aur iske aur barraa karin. 1453 me Istanbul, Ottoman Empire ke niche hoe gais.  Baad me ii dunia ke ek sab se taagatwar des ban gais rahaa. 1789 ke baad Ottoman Empire gire ke suruu karis.

19th aur 20th century me Russia me base Muslim log ke virod me bhed bhaao ke kaaran dher Muslim log Balkans, Caucasus aur Crimea se aae ke abhi ke Turkey me rahe lagin. Ottoman Empire, Germany aur Austrua-Hungary ke saathe World War I me larris. Ii samay Turkey me base dher Armenian, Greek aur Assyrian ke maar dewa gias, nai to uu logan ke ghar se nikaal dewa gais rahaa. World War I ke baad Turkey me sultanate khalaas hoe gais aur 29 October 1923 me iske ek Republic banaawa gais.

Modern Turkey ke  1923 me Atatürk suruu karis rahaa. Ise pahile ii Ottoman Empire ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa. 

Purana jamana me ii jagah pe dher civilizations rahaa, jaise ki Hittites aur Byzantine Roman Empire.

Geography
Turkey ke area 783,562 square kilometres (302,535 square miles) hae. Turkey Asia aur Southeartern Europe ke jorre hae. Turkey ke 97% hissa aur 90% abaadi Asia ke side, jiske Anatolia bola jaae hae, me rahe hae.<ref name=anatolia_definition> Turkey ke Europe waala side ke Easter Thrace bola jaae hae aur ii jagha Turkey ke 3% area hae lekin hian pe iske 10% population rahe hae. Turkey ke saat hissa me baata gais hae; Marmara, Aegean, Central Anatolia, Blacj Sea, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia aur Mediterranean.  Iske pahaar me Koroglu, Pontic aur Taurus ranges hae. Kuchh barra lake hae Lake Beysehir aur Lake Egirdie. Eastern Anatolia region me Mount Ararat hae jon Turkey ke sab se uuncha pahaarr hae. Iske ke uunchaai 5,137 metres (16,854 feet) hae. Des ke sab se barraa lake, Lake Van hae. Turkey me se Euphrates, Tigris aur Aras naddi suruu hoe hae.

Perr aur Jaanwar
Kaaheki Turkey dui continent ke biicj me hae, hian pe dher rakam ke perr aur jaanwar rahe hae. Dunia ke 36 "Biodiversity hotspots" me se 3 Turkey me hae. Ii hae Mediterranean Basin, Irano-Anatolian aur Causasus. 21st century me development aur "climate change" ke kaaran ii biodiversity pe khatraa hae. 

 Gallery 

President ke suchi
 No. Chhaapa  Naam (janam-maut)  Chuna gais  Presidency ke suruu  Presidency ke ant  Presidency ke lambaai  Party 1  100px Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938)  1923192719311935  29 October 1923  10 November 1938  15 saal, 12 din  Republican Peoples's Party 2   Ismet Inonu (1884-1973)  1938193919431946  11 November 1938  27 May 1950  11 saal 197 din  Republican Peoples's Party 3   Celai Bayar (1883-1986)  195019541957  27 May 1950  27 May 1960  10 saal Democrat Party 4 100px  Cemal Gursel (1895-1966)  1961  10 October 1961  2 February 1966  4 saal, 115 dinIndependent 5 100px  Cevdet Sunay (1899-1982) 1966  28 March 1966  28 March 1973  7 saal  Independent 6  no image  Fahri Koruturk (1903-1987  1973  6 April 1973  6 April 1980  7 saal  Independent 7  100px  Kenan Evren (1917 -2015) 9 November 1982  9 November 1989  Example  7 saal  Independent 8  100px  Turgut Ozal (1927-1993) 1989 9 November 1989  17 April 1993  3 saal, 159 din   Motherland Party 9  100px  Suleyman Demirel (1924-2015)  1993  16 May 1993  16 May 2000 7 saal  True Path Party 10  100px  Ahmet Necdet Sezer  2000  16 May 2000 28 August 2007  7 saal, 104 din Independent 11  100px  Abdullah Gul (1950-)  2007 28 August 2007  28 August 20014  7 saal Justice and Development Party 12  100px  Recep Tayyip Erdogan  201420182023  28 August 20014  Incumbent 10 saal   Justice and Development Party

 Bahaari jorr 
 CIA World Factbook - Turkey 

References

Category:Dunia ke des
Category:Asia
Category:Europe
Category:NATO ke member
vibhag:Turkey