Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Mohandas K. Gandhi (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी; Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી:2 October 1869 - 30 January 1948), India ke ek leader rahaa jon ki bina khuun kharabi se India ke ajaadi khatir larris rahaa.

 Jiwan 
Gandhi ke janam India ke Gujarat state ma porbander ma ho a tha. Wo England jaae ke wakiili parrhis. Iske baad wo South Africa me wakiil banaa, jahaan pe uske apartheid ke samna kare ke parraa. Wo jaanat rahaa ki des ke kanuun bhed bhao kare hai. India laute pe uu huan pe ajaadi ke movement me join hoe gais. Uske sab dharam ke log ke support rahaa. Gandhi des ke vibhajan nai mangat rahaa. Unka bharat raaj me bohut naam rahis.

Uske January 30, 1948, ke ek nationalist activist, Nathuram Godse bandook daag ke maar diis, kahe ke uu sochat rahaa ki Gandhi Musulmaan logan ke bahut concession diis rahaa aur India kaa partition kae liye Gandhi jimedar hai.

 Bachpan ke din aur palwaar 
 Mai/Baap 
Gandhi ke pitaji, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi (1822–1885), Porbandar state ke  dewan (chief minister)  rahaa. Uske palwaar  Kutiana gaon, jon uu time ke  Junagadh State me rahaa, ke rahin. Jab ki Karamchand, state administration me khaali ek clerk rahaa aur uske khaali  elementary parrhai rahaa, uu ek achchhaa chief minister rahaa.

Karamchand chaar dafe saadi karis rahaa. Uske pahila dui  aurat  jawaani me mar gay rahin, aur ii sunno ek larrki ke janam de ke baad mare rahin. Uske tiisra saadi me koi larrkan nai rahaa.  1857 me Karamchand, aapan tiisra aurat ke ijaajat se   Putlibai (1844–1891) se saadi karis rahaa, jon bhi  Junagadh ke rahii, aur ek Pranami Vaishnava palwaar ke rahii. Karamchand aur Putlibai ke chaar larrkan rahin: ek larrkaa, Laxmidas (–1914), ek larrki, Raliatbehn (1862–1960), ek duusra larrka, Karsandas (–1913), aur tiisra larrka,  Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, ke janam 2 October 1869 ime Porbandar (jiske Sudamapuri bhi bola jaawat rahaa), ek samundar ke kinaare ke town,  Kathiawar Peninsula aur uu time  princely state  Porbandare Kathiawar Agency,  British Raj ke chhotaa hissa rahaa, me bhais rahaa.

1874 me, Gandhi ke pitaji, Karamchand, Porbandar ke chhorr ke, ek aur chhotaa  state Rajkot gais, jahaan pe uu uske ruler, Thakur Sahib ke  counsellor banaa; jab ki Rajkot ek kamti prestigious state rahaa, Porbandar ke milaan me, British regional political agency huan pe rahaa, jisse ii state ke  diwan ke kaam surakchit rahaa. 1876 me, Karamchand, Rajkot ke diwan banaa aur uske bhiyaa, Tulsidas, Porbandar ke   diwan banaa rahaa. Karamchand ke palwaar iske baad  Rajkot me uske saathe rahe lagin. Uulog aapan palwaar ke khar  Kaba Gandhi No Delo me 1881 me rahe lagin.

 Bachpan 
Jab uu chhotaa rahaa, tab Gandhi ke uske bahini,  Raliat describe karis hae as "budhgrah ke rakam bechaen, chaahe khelat rahaa, nai to ghumat-firat rahaa. . Uske favourite pastime, kutta ke kaan aithnaa rahaa." India ke puraana  classics, jaise Shravana aur king Harishchandra ke kahaani, ke Gandhi ke uppar uske bachpan me dher asar rahaa. Aapn jiwan kahani me , Gandhi likhis hae ki ii sab kahaani ueke dimaag pe ek indelible impression chhorris rahaa. Gandhi likhis hae: "It haunted me and I must have acted Harishchandra to myself times without number." Gandhi ke chhote me sachchaai se self-identification aur supreme values se pyaar ke ii kahaani pe trace karaa jaae sake hae.  

Uske palwaar ke dharmik bichaar udaar rahaa. Mohandas ke janam ek Gujarati Hindu Modh Bania palwaar me bhais rahaa.. "The subcaste the Gandhis belonged to was known as Modh Bania, the prefix apparently referring to the town of Modhera, in Southern Gujarat." Gandhi ke pitaji, Karamchand, ek Hindu aur uske maiyaa,  Putlibai ek Pranami Vaishnava Hindu palwaar se rahii. Gandhi ke pitaji Modh Baniya caste  varna , Vaishya ke rahaa. Uske maiyaa ek puraana jamaana ke Krishna bhakti-based Pranami sanskriti, jiske religious texts me Bhagavad Gita,  Bhagavata Purana, aur  14 texts ke ek sangrah hae jiske  teachings Vedas, Quran aaur Bible me biswas karat rahin. Gandhi aapan maiyaa se deeply influenced rahaa, ek bahut pious aurat jon "bina puja kare khaana nai khaawat rahii... uu sab se kattar vows lewat rahii aur iske bina  flinch hoe rakkhat rahii. Dui, nai tiin fast ke , ek-ke-baad-ek rakkhe se uu nai hichkichhat rahii."

References

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