Chirriya

Chirriya (Latin: Aves) ek rakam ke vertebrate hae, jiske 

{{Taxobox|domain=Eukaryota|regnum=Animalia|phylum=Chordata|classis=Aves|name=Chirriya|image=File:Bird Diversity 2013.png}}

matlab ii hae ki iske lage backbones hae. 

Chiroya warm-blooded hae au anda de hae. Iske dehin pakhna se covered rahe hae. Iske haddi hollow rahe hae. Iske pakhnaa rahe hae, bina daant ke chooch, hard shell waala andaa de hae, jaada metabolic rate rahe hae, chaar chamber waala dil hae aur iske haddi bahut halluk rahe hae. Chirriya dunia bhar me rahe hae aur iske size  (hummingbird) se lae ke   (common ostrich) talak rahe hae. 11,000 se jaada species ke chirriya abhi rahe hae aur iske 44 order me baata gais hae. Aadha se jaada "perching" chirriya hae. Chirriya ke pankhaa rahe hae jon species ke rakam different rahe hae. Khaali dui chirriya ke group ke pankhaa nai hae; moa aur elephant bird. Pankhaa modified haanth hae, jisse chirriya urre hae, lekin kuchh chirriya aur evolve hoe ke urre nai paawe hae, jaise penguin. Chirriya ke digestive system aur respiratory system urre khaatir adapted hae. Kuchh chirriyapaani me adept hoe ke pahurre sake hae.

Chirriya pankhaa waala dinosaur hae, jon pahile ke theropods se evolve bhais hae, aur ii khaali ek jindaa dinosaur hae. Yhii rakam se, chirriya ke reptile maana jaawe hae, aur iske sab se magiich ke palwaar magarmachh hae. Chirriya ouraana avialan se evolve bhia hae (jiske members me hae Archaeopteryx) jon pahile  Late Jurassic period me evolve bhae rahin. Kuchh anumaan ke anusaar, aadhmik chirriya, (Neornithes''')  Late Cretaceous  jamaana me evolve bhae rahin, nai to  Early aur Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) ke biich ke aur  Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event ke jamaana me,  66 million saal pahile, jon  pterosaurs aur sab non-ornithuran dinosaurs ke maar diis rahaa.

Dher social species, gyan ke duusra  generations talak lae jaawe hae . Chirriya social hae, jon ek duusre se sankii, awaaj, aur gaana se communicate kare hae, aur khslaa aur hunt ek duusre ke saathe kare hae. Jaada chirriya ke species socially (but not necessarily sexually) khaali ek partner ke saathe rahe hae, usually khaali ek  breeding season bhar, kabhi-kabhi kuchh saal talak, aur bahut kamtii jindagi bhar. Aur species ke breeding systems polygynous rahe hae (ek admi aur dher aurats) nai to, kabhi-kabhi, polyandrous (ek female dher admi ke saathe ). Chirriya andaa de hae  jiske [sexual reproduction sefertilize karaa jaawe hae. Ii andaa ke ek khoslaa me dewa jaawe hae . Jaada chirriya andaa hatch hoe ke baad  dher din talak bachchaa ke paale hae. 

Dher species ke chirriya, insaan ke khaatir economically important hae, khaana khaatir aur manufacturing ke raw material ke khaatir, janglee aur palti chirriyaa andaa,gos aur pakhnaa ke khaatir important hae. Songbird, parrots, aur duusra species pets ke rakam popular hae. Chirriyaa ke tatti ke khaad ke ruup me kaam me laawa jaae hae. Insaan ke sanskriti me suruu se chirriya rahis rahaa. Inssan ke activity ke kaaran, lagbhag 120 se 130 chirriya ke species, 17th century se, extinct hoe gais hae, aur dher sau isse pahile. Insaan ke activity lagbhag  1,200 chirriya ke species extinct hoe waala hae, jab ki iske bachaae ke kosis karaa jaawe hae.  Recreational birdwatching  ecotourism industry ke khaas hissa hae.

Evolution aur classification

alt= Slab of stone with fossil bones and feather impressions|thumb|Archaeopteryx ke sab se puraana, cachchaa chirriya maana jaawe hae.
Chirriya ke pahila classification ke Francis Willughby aur John Ray develop kare rahin, uulog ke 1676 volume Ornithologiae me.
Carl Linnaeus, ii kaam ke 1758 me   taxonomic classification system ke banais rahaa, jiske abhi kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Chirriya ke jaada kar ke ek biological class me, in traditional evolutionary taxonomy me classify karaa jaawe hae. Aadhmil phylogenetic taxonomy, Aves ke clade Theropoda me rakkhe hae, kabhi-kabhi ek Linnean rank jon class ke niche rahaa, jaise subclass nai to infraclass.

Definition
Aves aur ek sister group, order Crocodilia, me  khaali ek jindaa  representatives reptile clade Archosauria ke hae. Late 1990s me, Aves ke jaada kar ke  phylogenetically ke modern chirriya ke  most recent common ancestor  define karaa jaawat rahaa aur Archaeopteryx lithographica. Lekin, puraana definition jiske Jacques Gauthier propose karis rahaa, ke 21st century me jaada kaam me laae jaae lagaa, aur iske dher vigyanik jisme adherents to the PhyloCode'' bhi hae, kaam me laawe hae. Gauthier define karis hae Aves ke   crown group of the set of aadhmik chirriya me karis hae. Iske ii kaaran se karaa gais rahaa, jisse jon chirriya ke khaali uske fossils se jaana jaawe hae ke nikaala jaae sake, aur uske ek aur motaa group  Avialae rakkhaa jaawe sake, ii principle ispe based hae ki  extant species should ke limit karaa jaae jisse khaali extant species aur uske nachdik ke  palwaar ii geoup me raha. 

Gauthier aur de Queiroz chaar different definitions ke identify kare rahin  biological jiske naam "Aves" hae, ke khaatir, jon ek problem hae. Iske uthors log ii propose karin ki  Aves naam ke  khaali crown group  khaatir, jisme last common ancestor of all living birds and all of its descendants hae, ke khaatir reserve karaa jaae. Uu log duusra group ke aur naam de rahin. .

 Gallery of well-known little birds 

 References 

 Duusra websites 

 Avibase - The World Bird Database 
 Bird Hybrids Database - Search by bird name, use Sibley classification
 International Ornithological Committee

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