Nobel Prize

Har saal Nobel Prizes dher vibhag me dewa jaawe hae. Ii vibhag hae Literature, Science aur Peace. Nobel Prize ke Alfred Nobel ke baad naam dewa gais hae. Iske dunia me sab se barraa prize maana jaawe hae. 

Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences bhi Alfred Nobel ke yaad me dewa jaae hae, aur kabhi kabhi iske Nobel Prize in Economics bola jaawe hae, lekin ii Nobel ke will ke hissa nai hae. Iske 1969 me Bank of Sweden suruu karis rahaa. Ii prize ke aur Nobel Prize ke ssathe dewa jaae hae. 

 Prize ke vibhag aur jiite waala 
Bhautik vigyan (Physics) me nobel prize jiite waalaNobel.org jiske Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences de hae 

SaalJiite waala Des Kaaran190175pxWilhelm Conrad RöntgenGermany"uske ek rakam ke ray ke pawe ke khatir jiske naam uske naam dewa gais hae."190275pxHendrik LorentzNetherlands" uske ii khoj ke khatir ki radiation ke uppar magnetism ke kon asar rahe hae."75px Pieter Zeeman Netherlands190375pxAntoine Henri Becquerel France"uske spontaneous radioactivity ke baare me paawe ke baad"Pierre Curie France" uu logan ke Professor Henri Becquerel se pawa gais radiation phenomena ke baare me khoj "75pxMarie Curie Poland / France190475pxJohn William Strutt United Kingdom"uske khaas gas ke uppar khoj aur uske  argon ke paawe ke khaatir"190575pxPhilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Germany"uske cathode ray ke uppar kaam ke khaatir"190675pxJoseph John Thomson United Kingdom" uske "conduction of electricity by gases" ke uppar ke khoj ke khaatir190775pxAlbert Abraham Michelson United States"uske optical precision instruments aur spectroscopic aur metrological ke uppar ke khoj ke khaatir"190875pxGabriel Lippmann France"uske rang se chaapa ke banae ke tarika, jon ki interference phenomenon pe based hae", ke khaatir190975pxGuglielmo Marconi Italyuske "development of wireless telegraphy " ke yogdaan ke khaatir75pxKarl Ferdinand Braun Germany191075pxJohannes Diderik van der Waals Netherlands"Uske "equation of state for gases and liquids" ke kaam ke khaatir"191175pxWilhelm Wien Germany"uske "laws governing the radiation of heat" ke paawe ke khaatir"191275pxNils Gustaf Dalén Sweden"uske automatic valves" ke banae ke khaatir, jiske "gas accumulators" ke saathe  lighthouses aur buoys me kaam me laawa jaae sake hae"191375pxHeike Kamerlingh-Onnes Netherlands"uske "properties of matter at low temperatures" ke baare me khoj ke khaatir jiske kaaran liquid helium banae jaae sakaa gais"191475pxMax von Laue Germany"Uske "diffraction of X-rays by crystals" ke adhyan ke khaatir", jon ki X-ray spectroscopy ke paae ke ek khaas kadam rahaa.1915William Henry Bragg United Kingdom"Uske yogdaan "analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays" ke khaatir,ek khaas kadam rahaa X-ray crystallography me75pxWilliam Lawrence Bragg United Kingdom1916Nai dewa gais191775pxCharles Glover Barkla United Kingdom"Uske characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements, ke baare me paae ke khaatir", jon ki ek aur khaas kadam rahaa X-ray spectroscopy ke development me191875pxMax Planck Germany"Uske yogdaan Bhutik vigyan (Physics) ke barrhan me uske  quanta ke discovery se"191975pxJohannes Stark Germany"uske canal rays me Doppler effect ke paae ke khaatir in canal rays aur  electric fields me spectral lines ke splitting ke khaatir"192075pxCharles Édouard Guillaume Switzerland"uske yogdaan Bahutik vigyan me precision measurements ke khaatir, nickel-steel alloys me anomalies paae ke paae ke"192175pxAlbert Einstein Germany"uske Theoretical Physics me yogdaan ke khaatir, khaas kar ke law of the photoelectric effect ke khaatir"192275pxNiels Bohr Denmark"atoms ke structure aur isme se jon radiation nike hae ke investigation me use yogdaan ke khaatir "192375pxRobert Andrews Millikan United States"uske kaam elementary charge of electricity aur photoelectric effect ke khaatir"192475pxManne Siegbahn Sweden"uske X-ray spectroscopy ke field me khoj aur discoveries ke khaatir "192575pxJames Franck Germany"uske laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxGustav HertzGermany1926Jean Baptiste Perrin France"uske kaam discontinuous structure of matter ke baare me, aur uske sedimentation equilibrium ke khoj"192775pxArthur Holly Compton United States"uske Compton effect ke khoj ke khaatir "75pxCharles Thomson Rees Wilson United Kingdom"uske method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour ke khaatir"192875pxOwen Willans Richardson United Kingdom"thermionic phenomenon pe uske kaam aur khaas kar ke  Thermionic emission#Richardson's Law ke khoj ke khaatir"192975pxPrince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie France"uske wave nature of electrons ke khoj ke khaatir"193075pxChandrasekhara Venkata RamanIndia"uske kaam scattering of light me aur uske aRaman scattering ke khoj"1931Nai dewa gais193275pxWerner Heisenberg Germany"uske quantum mechanics banae ke khaatir, jiske kaaran hydrogen ke allotropic forms ke paawa gais rahaa"1933Erwin Schrödinger Austria"uske nawaa productive forms of atomic theory ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxPaul Dirac United Kingdom1934Nai dewa gais193575pxJames Chadwick United Kingdom"uske neutron ke khoj ke khaatir"193675pxVictor Francis Hess Austria"uske cosmic radiation ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxCarl David Anderson United States"uske positron ke khoj ke khaatir"193775pxClinton Joseph Davisson United States"uske diffraction of electrons by crystals ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxGeorge Paget Thomson United Kingdom193875pxEnrico Fermi Italy"uske ii dekhaae ke khaatir ki nawaa radioactive elements  neutron irradiation se bane hae, aur uske  nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons ke khij ke khaatir"1939 75pxErnest Lawrence United States"uske cyclotron ke banae ke khaatir aur isse artificial radioactive elements pe adhyan kare ke khaatir"1940Nai dewa gais1941Nai dewa gais1942Nai dewa gais194375pxOtto Stern United States"uske yogdaan development of the molecular ray method aur uske  magnetic moment of the proton ke khoj"194475pxIsidor Isaac Rabi United States"uske resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei ke khaatir"194575pxWolfgang Pauli Austria"uske Exclusion Principle ke khoj ke khaatir, jiske Pauli principle bhi bolaa jaae hae"194675pxPercy Williams Bridgman United States"uske apparatus to produce extremely high pressures ke banae ke khaatir, aur isse field of high pressure physics me discoveries ke khaatir"194775pxEdward Victor Appleton United Kingdom"uske physics of the upper atmosphere ke jaanch parrtaal khaas kar ke Appleton layer ke khoj ke khaatir"194875pxPatrick Maynard Stuart Blackett United Kingdom"uske Wilson cloud chamber method ke banae ke khaatir, aur isse fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation me khoj"1949Hideki Yukawa Japan"uske mesons ke existence ke prediction ke khaatir, jiske uu nuclear forces pe theoretical work se karis rahaa"1950Cecil Frank Powell United Kingdom"uske photographic method of studying nuclear processes ke banae ke khaatir aur uske khoj mesons ke baare me ii method ke kaam me laae kae."1951John Douglas Cockcroft United Kingdom"uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles pe kaam karis rahaa" 75px Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton Ireland195275pxFelix Bloch United States"uske nawaa methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements ke banaae ke khaatir aur isse jin khoj bhais rahaa."75pxEdward Mills Purcell United States195375pxFrits Zernike Netherlands"uske phase contrast method ke dekhae ke khaatir, khaas kar ke phase contrast microscope ke banae ke khaatir"195475pxMax Born United Kingdom"uske  quantum mechanics ke adhyan, khaas kar ke  uske statistical interpretation of the wavefunction ke khaatir"75pxWalther Bothe West Germany"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"195575pxWillis Eugene Lamb United States"uske fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxPolykarp Kusch United States"uske precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron ke khaatir"195675pxJohn Bardeen United States"uske semiconductors pe adhyan aur transistor effect ke khoj"75pxWalter Houser Brattain United States75pxWilliam Bradford Shockley United States1957Tsung-Dao Lee "uske  parity laws pe ahyan jiske kaaran elementary particlespe khaas jaankari paawa gais rahaa"75pxChen Ning Yang Republic of China195875pxPavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov Soviet Union"Cherenkov effect ke paae ke aur samjhaae ke khaatir"75pxIl'ya Frank Soviet UnionIgor Yevgenyevich Tamm Soviet Union195975pxOwen Chamberlain United States"uske antiproton ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxEmilio Gino Segrè Italy196075pxDonald Arthur Glaser United States"uske bubble chamber ke banae ke khaatir"196175pxRobert Hofstadter United States"uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki electron scattering in atomic nuclei ke adhyan karis rahaa aur uu isse structure of the nucleons ke paais rahaa"75pxRudolf Ludwig Mössbauer West Germany"uske resonance absorption of gamma radiation ke adhyan ke khaatir aur uske effect ke khoj"1962Lev Davidovich Landau Soviet Union"uu pahila jan rahaa jon condensed matter pe theory banais rahaa, khaas kar ke liquid helium"196375pxEugene Paul Wigner United States"uske yogdaan atomic nucleus aur  elementary particles ke theory ke khaatir, khaas kar ke fundamental symmetry principles ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxMaria Goeppert-Mayer United States" uu log ke nuclear shell structure ke khoj ke khaatir"75pxJ. Hans D. Jensen West Germany1964Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov Soviet Union"uske field of quantum electronics me khaas kaam ke khaatir, jiske kaaran oscillators aur amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle ke banaawa gais, ke khaatir"75pxAleksandr Prokhorov Soviet UnionCharles Hard Townes United States196575pxRichard Phillips Feynman United States" uske khaas kaam quantum electrodynamics me, aur deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles, ke khaatir"75pxJulian Schwinger United States75pxSin-Itiro Tomonaga Japan1966 75pxAlfred Kastler France"uske optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms, ke khoj ke khaatir"196775pxHans Albrecht Bethe United States"uske theory of nuclear reactionske adhyan ke khaatir, khaas kar ke uske energy production in stars ke khoj, ke khaatir"196875pxLuis Walter Alvarez United States"uske elementary particle physics ke yogdaan ke khaatir, khaas kar ke dher resonance states ke khoje ke khaatir, jiske uu paae sakis through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis, ke khaatir"196975pxMurray Gell-Mann United States"uske yogdaan classification of elementary particles aur uske interactions interactions, ke khaatir"197075pxHannes Olof Gösta Alfvén Sweden"uske magneto-hydrodynamics me khaas kaam ke khaatir aur iske plasma physics ke dher hissa me kaam me laae ke khaatir "Louis Néel France"uske khaas kaam antiferromagnetism aur ferrimagnetism me jon ki solid state physics me achchhaa kaam aais "1971Dennis Gabor United Kingdom"uske holographic method ke banae ke khaatir"197275pxJohn Bardeen United States"uske theory of superconductivity ke banae ke khaatir, jiske jaada kar ke BCS-theory bola jaae hae"Leon Neil Cooper United States 75pxJohn Robert Schrieffer United States1973Leo Esaki Japan"uske tunneling phenomena in semiconductors aur superconductors me khoj ke khaatir"75pxIvar Giaever United States Norway75pxBrian David Josephson United Kingdom"uske theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier ke khaatir, khaas kar ke Josephson effect me"1974Martin Ryle United Kingdom"uske dunia me sab se pahila kaam radio astrophysics me"Antony Hewish United Kingdom1975Aage Bohr Denmark"uske  collective motion aur particle motion in atomic nuclei ke biich ke sambandh ke adhyan ke aur  theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus, ke khaatir "75pxBen Roy Mottelson DenmarkLeo James Rainwater United States197675pxBurton Richter United States"uske a heavy elementary particle ke paae ke khaatir "Samuel Chao Chung Ting United States197775pxPhilip Warren Anderson United States"uske theoretical ikhoj selectronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, ke khaatir"75pxNevill Francis Mott United KingdomJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck United States197875pxPyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Soviet Union"uske khoj low-temperature physics me"75pxArno Allan Penzias United States"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" Robert Woodrow Wilson United States197975pxSheldon Lee Glashow United States"uske yogdaan theory of the unified weak aur electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles me, jisme prediction of the weak neutral current bhi hae"75pxAbdus Salam Pakistan75pxSteven Weinberg United States198075pxJames Watson Cronin United States"uske "violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" me adhyan"Val Logsdon Fitch United States198175pxNicolaas Bloembergen United States"uske yogdaan laser spectroscopy ke banaae me"75pxArthur Leonard Schawlow United StatesKai Manne Börje Siegbahn Sweden"uske yogdaan high-resolution electron spectroscopy ke banae me"1982Kenneth G. Wilson United States"uske "theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions" ke khaatir"1983Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar India, United States"uske adhyan "physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars", ke khaatir"William Alfred Fowler United States"uske adhyan "nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe" ke khaatir"198475pxCarlo Rubbia Italy"uske yogdaan ek barraa project me, jiske kaaran field particles W aur Z ke paawa gais"Simon van der Meer Netherlands198575pxKlaus von Klitzing West Germany"uske quantized Hall effect ke paae ke khaatir"1986Ernst Ruska West Germany"uske khaas kaam electron optics me, aur pahila electron microscope ke design ke khaatir"75pxGerd Binnig West Germany"uske scanning tunneling microscope ke design ke khaatir"75pxHeinrich Rohrer Switzerland 198775pxJohannes Georg Bednorz West Germany "uske superconductivity in ceramic materials ke baare me adhyan ke khaatir"75pxKarl Alexander Müller Switzerland198875pxLeon Max Lederman United States"uske neutrino beam method ke khaatir, aur "doublet structure of the leptons" ke dekhaae ke khaatir, muon neutrino ke paae ke baad"Melvin Schwartz United States75pxJack Steinberger United States1989Norman Foster Ramsey United States"uske "separated oscillatory fields method" ke adhyan ke khaatir aur iske kaam   hydrogen maser aur duusra atomic clocks me, ke khaatir"Hans Georg Dehmelt United States"for the development of the ion trap technique"Wolfgang Paul West Germany1990Jerome I. Friedman United States"uske adhyan deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons ke khaatir, jisse quark model ke particle physics me banaawa gais hae, ke khaatir"75pxHenry Way Kendall United StatesRichard E. Taylor Canada199175pxPierre-Gilles de Gennes France"uske adhyan "studying order phenomena in simple systems" jiske aur complex matter, jaise ki   liquid crystals aur polymers me kaam me laawa jaae sake hae"199275pxGeorges Charpak France"uske particle detectors ke banae ke khaatir, khaas kar ke multiwire proportional chamber"1993Russell Alan Hulse United States"uske nawaa rakam ke pulsar ke paae ke khaatir, jiske kaaran gravitation ke adhyan me madat milaa"75pxJoseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. United States199475pxBertram Brockhouse Canada"uske "neutron spectroscopy" ke banae ke khaatir aur uske khaas kaam aur neutron scattering techniques ke banae ke khaatir,  condensed matter ke adhyan kare ke khaatir"Clifford Glenwood Shull United States"uske neutron diffraction technique" ke banae ke khaatir aur "khaas kaam neutron scattering techniques ke suruu kare ke khaatir jisse  condensed matter ke adhyan hoe hae"199575pxMartin Lewis Perl United States"uskee tau lepton" ke paae ke khaatir aur uske yogdaan lepton physics me"75pxFrederick Reines United States"uske neutrino ke paae ke khaair" aur "for yogdaan lepton physics me"1996David Morris Lee United States"fuske superfluidity in helium-3 ke paae ke khaatir"75pxDouglas D. Osheroff United States75pxRobert Coleman Richardson United States199775pxSteven Chu United States "uulog ke laser light ke thandaa kar ke pakrre ke khaatir adhyan."75pxClaude Cohen-Tannoudji France75pxWilliam Daniel Phillips United States199875pxRobert B. Laughlin United States"uulog ke ek nawaa rakam ke "quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" ke paae ke khaatir "75pxHorst Ludwig Störmer GermanyDaniel Chee Tsui United States199975pxGerardus 't Hooft Netherlands"uske "elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" ke khaatir75pxMartinus J. G. Veltman Netherlands200075pxZhores Ivanovich AlferovRussia"uske semiconductor heterostructures ke banae ke khaatir jiske  optoelectronics me kaam me laawa jaae hae"Herbert Kroemer GermanyJack St. Clair Kilby United States"uske kaame integrated circuit ke banae me"2001Eric Allin Cornell United States"uske kaam "Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms", aurr  "fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" ke khaatirCarl Edwin Wieman United States75pxWolfgang Ketterle Germany2002Raymond Davis, Jr.United States"uske kaam astrophysics ke ilaaka me, khaas kar ke "detection of cosmic neutrinos" meMasatoshi Koshiba Japan75pxRiccardo Giacconi United States"uske kaam astrophysics me, jiske kaaran cosmic X-ray sources ke paawa gais rahaa"200375pxAlexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov RussiaUnited States"uske yogdaan "theory of superconductors and superfluids" me75pxVitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg RussiaAnthony James Leggett United KingdomUnited States200475pxDavid J. Gross United States"uske asymptotic freedom ke paae ke khaatir "theory of the strong interaction" meH. David Politzer United States75pxFrank Wilczek United States200575pxRoy J. Glauber United States"uske yogdaan quantum "theory of optical coherence" meJohn L. Hall United States"uske yogdaan laser-based precision spectroscopy ke banae me , jisme optical frequency comb technique" bhi hae75pxTheodor W. Hänsch Germany200675pxJohn C. Mather United States"uske blackbody form aur anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation" ke paae ke khaatir75pxGeorge F. Smoot United States200775pxAlbert Fert France"uske giant magnetoresistance ke paae ke khaatir"75pxPeter Grünberg Germany200875pxMakoto Kobayashi Japan"uske "origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" ke paae ke khaatir75pxToshihide Maskawa Japan75pxYoichiro Nambu United States"the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics ke baare me paae ke khaatir"200975pxCharles K. Kao Hong KongUnited KingdomUnited States"transmission of light in fibers for optical communication ke baare me abhootapoorv upalabdhi "75pxWillard S. Boyle CanadaUnited States"imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor ke invent kare ke khaatir"75pxGeorge E. Smith United States201075pxAndre Geim RussiaNetherlands"uske groundbreaking experiments dui-dimensional material graphene ke baare me"75pxKonstantin Novoselov RussiaUnited Kingdom

 Chemistry me Nobel prize jiite waala log (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences dwaara tae karaa gais hae) 

SaalJiite waala Des Kaaran190175pxJacobus Henricus van 't Hoffthe Netherlands"uske laws of chemical dynamics aur solutions me osmotic pressure ke khoj ke khaatir"1902Hermann Emil FischerGermany"uske kaam sugar aur purine syntheses ke khaatir"1903Svante August ArrheniusSweden"uske electrolytic theory of dissociation ke khaatir"1904 75pxSir William Ramsay"uske inert gaseous elements in air ke khoj ke khaatir, aur iske periodic system me sahii jagha rakkhe ke khaatir"1905 75pxJohann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von BaeyerGermany"uske kaam organic chemistry aur chemical industry ke barrhan ke khaatir, uske kaam organic dyes aur hydroaromatic compounds ke baare me", ke khaatir1906Henri MoissanFrance" use khoj aur  element fluorine ke alag kare ke khaatir, aur electric furnace ke khaatir"1907 75pxEduard BuchnerGermany"uske  biochemical adhyans ke khaatir aur uske cell-free fermentation ke paae ke khaatir"190875pxErnest RutherfordUnited KingdomNew Zealand"uske disintegration of the elements, aur chemistry of radioactive substances ke khoj ke khaatir"1909 75pxWilhelm OstwaldGermany"uske catalysis pe kaam aur uske fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction ke khoj, ke khaatir"1910Otto WallachGermany"uske organic chemistry aur chemical industry ke yogdaan khaas kaam  aur field of alicyclic compounds me kaam kare ke khaatir"191175pxMarie Curie, née SklodowskaPoland"uske elements radium aur polonium ke paae ke khaatir"1912Victor GrignardFrance" Grignard reagent ke paae ke khaatir"Paul SabatierFranceuske "method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals', ke khaatir1913Alfred WernerSwitzerland"uske linkage of atoms in molecules me kaam ke khaatir"191475pxTheodore William RichardsUnited States"uske dher chemical element ke  atomic weight ke khoje ke khaatir"191575pxRichard Martin WillstätterGermany"uske  chlorophyll" ke adhyan ke khaatir1916Nai dew gais1917Nai dewa gais191875pxFritz HaberGermany"uske synthesis of ammonia ke banae ke khaatir"1919Nai dewa gais192075pxWalther Hermann NernstGermany"uske kaam thermochemistry" me, ke khaatir1921Frederick SoddyUnited Kingdom"uske yogdaan, hamlog ke chemistry of radioactive substances ke samjhe ke aur uske adhyan  isotopes me"1922Francis William AstonUnited Kingdom"uske,  mass spectrograph ke kaam me laae ke dher non-radioactive elements ke  isotopes ke paae ke khaatir aur uske whole-number rule ke suruu kare ke khaatir"192375pxFritz PreglAustriauske "method of micro-analysis of organic substances" ke banae ke khaatir1924Nai dewa gais1925Richard Adolf ZsigmondyGermany"uske ii dekhae ke khaatir ki colloid heterogeneous hae"1926The (Theodor) SvedbergSweden"uske kaam disperse systems me"1927Heinrich Otto WielandGermany"uske adhyam ke khaatir ki bile acids kon chij se banaa hae."1928Adolf Otto Reinhold WindausGermany"uske adhyan ki sterols kon chij se banaa hae aur iske vitamins se kon sambandh hae"1929Arthur HardenUnited Kingdomuske adhyan  "fermentation of sugar" aur fermentative enzymes"Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-ChelpinGermany1930Hans FischerGermanyuske adhyan ki haemin aur chlorophyll kon chij se banaa hae aur "synthesis of haemin"1931Carl BoschGermany"uu log ke yogdaan chemical high pressure methods ke banaae me"Friedrich BergiusGermany193275pxIrving LangmuirUnited Statesuske khoj aur adhyan "surface chemistry"me , ke khaatir1933Nai dewa gais193475pxHarold Clayton UreyUnited States"uske heavy hydrogen ke paae ke khaatir"1935Frédéric JoliotFrance"uu log ke synthesis of new radioactive elements ke khaatir"Irene Joliot-CurieFrance193675pxPetrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debyethe Netherlands"uske kaam "molecular structure" pe   dipole moments aur diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases ke adhyan ke baad"1937Walter Norman HaworthUnited Kingdom"uske adhyan carbohydrates aur vitamin C pe, ke khaatir"Paul KarrerSwitzerland"uske adhyan carotenoids, flavins aur vitamins A aur B2, ke khaatir"1938Richard KuhnGermany"uske kaam carotenoids aur vitamins ke khaatir"1939Adolf Friedrich Johann ButenandtGermany"uske kaam sex hormones" pe, ke khaatirLeopold RuzickaSwitzerland"uske kaam polymethylenes aur higher terpenes pe, ke khaatir"1940Nai dewa gais1941Nai dewa gais1942Nai dewa gais1943 75pxGeorge de HevesyHungary"uske kaam ki  isotopes ke tracers ke rakam kaam me laawa jaae sake hae chemical processes ke adhyan me"1944Otto HahnGermany"uske fission of heavy nuclei" ke paae, ke khaatir1945Artturi Ilmari VirtanenFinland"uske fodder preservation method" ke banae ke khaatir1946James Batcheller SumnerUnited States"uske ii paae ke khaatir ki enzymes ke crystallize karaa jaae sake hae"John Howard NorthropUnited States"uske pure enzymes aur virus proteins ke banae ke khaatir"Wendell Meredith StanleyUnited States1947Sir Robert RobinsonUnited Kingdom"uske plant products of biological importance ke paae ke khaatir, khaas kar ke alkaloids"1948Arne Wilhelm Kaurin TiseliusSweden"uske adhyan electrophoresis aur adsorption analysis me, khaas kar ke "complex nature of the serum proteins" ke paae ke khaatir1949William Francis GiauqueUnited States"uske field of chemical thermodynamics me kaam,ke khaatir"1950Otto Paul Hermann DielsFederal Republic of Germany"uske diene synthesis" ke banaae ke khaatirKurt AlderFederal Republic of Germany1951Edwin Mattison McMillanUnited States"uske adhyan transuranium elements pe", ke khaatir  Glenn Theodore SeaborgUnited States1952Archer John Porter MartinUnited Kingdom"uske partition chromatography" ke banaae ke khaatirRichard Laurence Millington SyngeUnited Kingdom1953Hermann StaudingerFederal Republic of Germany"uske macromolecular chemistry me dher chij paae ke khaatir"195475pxLinus Carl PaulingUnited States"uske adhyan the nature of the chemical bond ke khaatir"1955Vincent du VigneaudUnited States"uske kaam first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone, ke khaatir"1956Sir Cyril Norman HinshelwoodUnited Kingdom"uske adhyan "mechanism of chemical reactions" pe, ke khaatirNikolay Nikolaevich SemenovUSSR1957Lord (Alexander R.) ToddUnited Kingdomuske "nucleotides aurnucleotide co-enzymes" pe kaam ke khaatir195875pxFrederick SangerUnited Kingdom"uske kaam "the structure of proteins", khaas kar ke insulin" pe, ke khaatir1959Jaroslav Heyrovský Czechoslovakiauske "polarographic methods of analysis" ke paae ke khaatir1960Willard Frank LibbyUnited States"uske adhyan ki carbon-14 ke kaise age determination ke khaatir  archaeology, geology, geophysics me kaise kaam me  laawa jaae sake hae, ke khaatir"196175pxMelvin CalvinUnited Statesuske adhyan "carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" pe, ke khaatir1962Max Ferdinand PerutzUnited Kingdomuske adhyan "globular proteins" pe, ke khaatir75px|John Cowdery KendrewJohn Cowdery KendrewUnited Kingdom1963Karl ZieglerFederal Republic of Germanyuske "chemistry and technology of high polymer" [[Ziegler-Natta catalyst| me nawaa chij paae ke khaatir "Giulio NattaItaly1964Dorothy Crowfoot HodgkinUnited Kingdom"uske determinations by X-ray techniques khaas biochemical substances ke structure ke adhyan ke khaatir"1965Robert Burns WoodwardUnited States"uske outstanding achievements organic synthesis kare me, ke khaatir"1966Robert S. MullikenUnited Statesuske khaas kaam "molecules ke chemical bonds aur electronic structure ke baare me,  molecular orbital method ke kaam me laae ke", ke khaatir1967Manfred EigenFederal Republic of Germanyuulog ke "ekdam jor chemical reactions ke adhyan, jiske equilibrium ke badlae jaae hae chhotaa pulse of energy se", ke khaatirRonald George Wreyford NorrishUnited KingdomGeorge PorterUnited Kingdom1968Lars OnsagerUnited Statesuske "reciprocal relations ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki thermodynamics of irreversible processes khaatir jaruri hae", ke khaatir1969Derek H. R. BartonUnited Kingdomuulog ke yogdaan "concept of conformation" ke banae ke khaatir aur iske chemistry me kaise kaam me laawa jaae hae", ke khaatirOdd HasselNorway197075pxLuis F. LeloirArgentinauske "sugar nucleotides ke paae ke khaatir aur iske jaruri biosynthesis of carbohydrates me", ke khaatir1971Gerhard HerzbergCanada"uske yogdaan  ""electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" ke baare me jaane ke khaatir197275pxChristian B. AnfinsenUnited Statesuske kaam "ribonuclease pe, khaas kar ke amino acid sequence aur the biologically active conformation ke biich ke sambandh", ke khaatir Stanford MooreUnited Statesuu log ke yogdaan "connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule", ke baare me samjhe ke khaatirWilliam H. SteinUnited States1973Ernst Otto FischerFederal Republic of Germanyuu pahila jan rahaa jon ki apne se "chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" pe adhyan karis rahaa.Geoffrey WilkinsonUnited Kingdom1974Paul J. FloryUnited Statesuske khaas kaam, duuno theoretical aur experimental, "physical chemistry of macromolecules pe", ke khaatir1975John Warcup CornforthAustraliaUnited Kingdomuske kaam " stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions me", ke khaatirVladimir PrelogSwitzerlanduske "stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions pe adhyan", ke khaatir1976William N. LipscombUnited Statesuske adhyan "structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding", ke khaatir1977Ilya PrigogineBelgiumuske yogdaan "non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" me, ke khaatir1978Peter D. MitchellUnited Kingdomuske yogdaan "biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" ke samjhe ke khaatir 1979Herbert C. BrownUnited Statesuske "boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, ke kaam me laae ke  important reagents in organic synthesis ke khaatir kaam me laais"Georg WittigFederal Republic of Germany198075pxPaul BergUnited Statesuske khaas adhyan "biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA", ke khaatir75px|Walter GilbertWalter GilbertUnited Statesuulog ke yogdaan determination of base sequences in nucleic acids", ke khaatir75px|Frederick SangerFrederick SangerUnited Kingdom1981Kenichi FukuiJapan"uulog ke theories, concerning the course of chemical reactions" jiske uulog apne se develop karin, ke khaatir Roald HoffmannUnited States1982Aaron KlugUnited Kingdomuske "crystallographic electron microscopy aur structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes", ke khaatir1983Henry TaubeUnited Statesuske kaam "on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes", ke khaatir1984 Robert Bruce MerrifieldUnited Statesuske "chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" ke parrhe ke method ke adhyan ke khaatir1985Herbert A. HauptmanUnited Statesuulog ke bahut achchhaa safaltaa "in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures", ke khaatirJerome KarleUnited States198675px|Dudley R. HerschbachDudley R. HerschbachUnited States" uulog ke yogdaan "concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes", ke khaatirYuan T. LeeUnited StatesJohn C. PolanyiCanada1987Donald J. CramUnited Statesuulog ke "molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" banae aur kaam me laae ke khaatir75px|Jean-Marie LehnJean-Marie LehnFranceCharles J. PedersenUnited States1988Johann DeisenhoferFederal Republic of Germanyuulog ke " photosynthetic reaction centre ke three-dimensional structure" ke determine kare ke khaatir75px|Robert HuberRobert HuberFederal Republic of GermanyHartmut MichelFederal Republic of Germany1989Sidney AltmanCanadaUnited Statesuske "for catalytic properties of RNA" ke paae ke khaatir75px|Thomas R. CechThomas R. CechUnited States1990Elias James CoreyUnited Statesuske " organic synthesis", ke method ke develop kare ke khaatir1991Richard R. ErnstSwitzerlanduske yogdaan "high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" ke banae me 199275pxRudolph A. MarcusUnited Statesuske yogdaan "theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems", ke khaatir1993Kary B. MullisUnited Statesuske  " polymerase chaen reaction (PCR) method" ke banae ke khaatir Michael SmithCanadauske yogdaan "DNA-based chemistry" me, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"1994George A. OlahUnited Statesuske yogdaan "carbocation chemistry" me1995Paul J. Crutzenthe Netherlandsuulog ke yogdaan "fatmospheric chemistry me, khaas kar ke formation aur decomposition of ozone"75px|Mario J. MolinaMario J. MolinaUnited States75pxF. Sherwood RowlandUnited States1996Robert F. Curl Jr.United Statesuske "fullerenes" ke paae ke khaatir75px|Harold KrotoSir Harold W. KrotoUnited KingdomRichard E. SmalleyUnited States1997Paul D. BoyerUnited Statesuske "enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" ke samjhaae ke khaatirJohn E. WalkerUnited KingdomJens C. SkouDenmarkuske "ek ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" ke khoj ke khaatir 1998Walter KohnUnited Statesuske "density-functional theory" ke banae ke khaatir John A. PopleUnited Kingdomuske quantum chemistry me "computational methods" ke banae ke khaatir1999Ahmed H. ZewailEgyptUnited Statesuske adhyan "transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" me 2000Alan J. HeegerUnited Statesuulog ke "conductive polymers" paae ke khaatir Alan G MacDiarmidUnited StatesNew ZealandHideki ShirakawaJapan2001William S. KnowlesUnited Statesuulog ke kaam "chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" me75px|Ryoji NoyoriRyoji NoyoriJapanK. Barry SharplessUnited Statesuske kaam " chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" me200275px|John B. FennJohn B. FennUnited Statesuske "development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules", ke khaatirKoichi TanakaJapan75px|Kurt WüthrichKurt WüthrichSwitzerlanduulog ke "development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" ke khaatir2003Peter AgreUnited Statesuske "discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels", ke khaatir75px|Roderick MacKinnonRoderick MacKinnonUnited Statesuske "discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels", ke khaatir200475pxAaron CiechanoverIsraeluske "ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation", ke paae ke khaatir75pxAvram HershkoIsrael75pxIrwin RoseUnited States2005Yves ChauvinFranceuulog ke "development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis", ke khaatir75px|Robert GrubbsRobert H. GrubbsUnited StatesRichard R. SchrockUnited States200675pxRoger D. KornbergUnited States"uske molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription ke adhyan ke khaatir"200775pxGerhard ErtlGermany"uske his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces ke khaatir"200875pxOsamu ShimomuraUnited StatesAs of 26 October 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives Shimomura's country as "USA". However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 October 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen. "uske green fluorescent protein, GFP ke paae ke aur banaae ke khaatir"75pxMartin ChalfieUnited States75pxRoger Y. TsienUnited States

 Medicine me Nobel prize jiite waala log (jiske Karolinska Institutet tae karis hae) 
 1901-1910 
 1901 - Emil Adolf von Behring, Germany, ek serum banae ke khaatir jisse log ke diphtheria pakrre se rokaa jaae sake hae
 1902 - Ronald Ross, United Kingdom, uske malaria pe kaam kare ke khaatir
 1903 - Niels Ryberg Finsen, Denmark, lupus vulgaris (chamrraa waala tuberculosis) ke light radiation se achchhaa kare ke khaatir.
 1904 - Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Russia, uske digestion kaise kaam kare hae ke adhyan ke khaatir.
 1905 - Robert Koch, Germany, tuberculosis ke adhyan ke khaatir
 1906 - Camillo Golgi, Italy aur Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spain, nervous system pe adhyan ke khaatir 
 1907 - Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, France, uske adhyan protozoa pe, jon ki bemaari ke kaaran bane sake hae, ke khaatir.
 1908 - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Russia, aur Paul Ehrlich, Germany, ii paae ke khaatir ki immunity kaise bemaari se larre hae
 1909 - Emil Theodor Kocher, Switzerland, thyroid gland pe uske kaam ke khaatir
 1910, Albrecht Kossel, Germany, uske proteins aur nucleic substances pe uske kaam ke khaatir

 1911-1919 
 1911 - Allvar Gullstrand, Sweden, light refraction aur aankhi pe uske kaam ke khaatir
 1912 - Alexis Carrel, France, uske joining blood vessels aur transplantation of blood vessels aur organs pe kaam ke khaatir
 1913 - Charles Robert Richet, France, uske anaphylaxis pe kaam ke khaatir
 1914 - Robert Bárány, Austria, uske kaan aur balance pe kaam ke khaatir
 1915 - Nai dewa gais
 1916 - Nai dewa gais
 1917 - Nai dewa gais
 1918 - Nai dewa gais
 1919 - Jules Bordet, Belgium,  uske immunity ke baare me khij ke khaatir

 1920-1929 
 1920 - Schack August Steenberg Krogh, Denmark, uske capillaries ke baare me khoj ke khaatir
 1921 - Nai dewa gais
 1922 - Archibald Vivian Hill, United Kingdom, ii paae ke khaatir ki muscle kaise garmii ke utpaadan kare hae, ke khaatir
 1922 - Otto Fritz Meyerhof, Germany, ii paae ke khaatir ki oxygen kaise muscle me lactic acid ke badle hae, ke khaatir
 1923 - Frederick Grant Banting, Canada aur John James Richard Macleod, Canada, uske insulin ke paae ke khaatir"
 1924 - Willem Einthoven, The Netherlands, electrocardiogram banae ke khaatir"
 1925 - Not awarded
 1926 - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Denmark,  ii paae ke khaatir ki infection se kaise cancer hoe hae
 1927 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austria, ii paae ke khaatir ki malaria ke inoculation kaise paralysis ke achchhaa kare hae
 1928 - Charles Jules Henri Nicolle, France, uske typhus pe kaam ke khaatir
 1929, Christiaan Eijkman, The Netherlands, ii paae ke khaatir ki vitamin se kaise dard ke roka jaae sake hae."
 1929 - Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, United Kingdom, for his discovery of the vitamins that help growth

 1930-1939 

 1930 - Karl Landsteiner, insaan me kon rakam ke khuun rahe hae, ke paae ke khaatir
 1931 - Otto Heinrich Warburg, Germany, respiratory enzyme ke paae ke khaatir
 1932 Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, United Kingdom, aur Edgar Douglas Adrian, United Kingdom,  neurons (nerve cells) ke paae ke khaatir
 1933 - Thomas Hunt Morgan, United States,  uske chromosomes aur heredity pe kaam ke khaatir"
 1934 - George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, aur William Parry Murphy, United States, uulog ke  treating the liver to help with anaemia ke kaam ke khaatir
 1935 - Hans Spemann, Germany, embryonic development me organizer effect ke paae ke khaatir 
 1936 - Sir Henry Hallett Dale, United Kingdom, aur Otto Loewi, Austria  neurotransmitters aur nerve impulses ke paae ke khaatir
 1937 - Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt, Hungary, uske cells, vitamin C aur fumaric acid ke chemical badlao of  ke paae ke khaatir
 1938 - Corneille Jean François Heymans, Belgium,  sinus aur aortic mechanisms, jisse saans le me kaabu rakhkhaa jaae sake hae, me uske kaam ke khaatir. 
 1939 - Gerhard Domagk, Germany,  antibacterial effects of prontosil ke paae ke khaatir

 1940-1949 
 1940 - Nai dewa gais
 1941 - Nai dewa gais
 1942 - Nai dewa gais
 1943 - Carl Peter Henrik Dam, Denmark, vitamin K ke paae ke khaatir
 1943 - Edward Adelbert Doisy, United States, vitamin K me kaam ke khaatir"
 1944 - Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser, United States, uske nerve fibre ke paae ke khaatir
 1945 - Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chaen, United Kingdom and Howard Walter Florey, Australia, uske penicillin ke paae ke khaatir aur iske ek antibiotic me banae ke infectious disease ke achchhaa kre, ke khaatir
 1946 - Hermann Joseph Muller, United States, uske  X-ray irradiation ke kaaran se mutation ke paae ke khaatir 
 1947 - Carl Ferdinand Cori aur Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz, United States, uulog ke catalytic conversion of glycogen ke adhyan , ke khaatir
 1947 - Bernardo Alberto Houssay, Argentina, ii paae ke khaatir ki   anterior pituitary ke hormone kaise sugar ke metabolise kare hae, ke khaatir 
 1948 - Paul Hermann Müller, Switzerland, uske kaam DDT pe ek poison against several insects ke ruup me, ke khaatir
 1949 - Walter Rudolf Hess, Switzerland, for his discovery of the way the uske ii paae ke khaatir ki dimaag kaise dehin ke bhittar ke organs ke control kare hae. 
 1949 - Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz, Portugal,  leucotomy (brain surgery) ke kaam me laae ke dimaagi rog ke achchhaa kare, ke khaatir.

 1950-1959 
 1950 - Philip Showalter Hench, Edward Calvin Kendall, United States, aur Tadeusz Reichstein, Switzerland,  hormones of the adrenal cortex kebaare me paae ke khaatir.
 1951 - Max Theiler, Union of South Africa, yellow fever ke paae ke khaatir.
 1952 - Selman Abraham Waksman, United States, streptomycin ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki pahilat antibiotic rahaa jon ki  tuberculosis ke achchhaa karis rahaa
 1953 - Hans Adolf Krebs, United Kingdom, citric acid cycle ke paae ke khaatir
 1953 - Fritz Albert Lipmann, United States, co-enzyme A ke paae ke khaatir
 1954 - John Franklin Enders, Frederick Chapman Robbins, aur Thomas Huckle Weller, United States, poliomyelitis virus ke paae ke khaatir aur iske laboratory me paida kare ke khaatir
 1955 - Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, Sweden, uske uu enzymes ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki oxygen se badle hae
 1956 - André Frédéric Cournand, Dickinson W. Richards, United States, aur Werner Forssmann, Federal Republic of Germany, uske heart catheterization aur  circulatory system me badlao ke paae ke khaatir
 1957 - Daniel Bovet, Italy uske antihistamine  pe kaam ke khaatir aur ii dehin ke hissa ke kon chij kare hae.
 1958 - George Wells Beadle aur Edward Lawrie Tatum, United States, ii paae ke khaatir ki genes kaise kaam kare hae
 1958 - Joshua Lederberg, United States, ii paae ke khaatir ki genes kaise sanghe kaam kare hae aur  bacteria me genes kaise organused hae
 1959 - Arthur Kornberg and Severo Ochoa, United States, ii paae kr khaatir ki jinda chij kaise   ribonucleic acid (RNA) aur deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ke jorre hae

 1960-1969 

 1960 - Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australia, aur Peter Brian Medawar, United Kingdom, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki dehin ke  immunity koi chij badle ke, ekke rakam nai rahe hae
 1961 - Georg von Békésy, United States, uske cochlea ke khoj ke khaatir"
 1962 - Francis Harry Compton Crick, United Kingdom, James Dewey Watson, United States, aur Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins, New Zealand, uulog ke nucleic acids ke structure ke paae ke khaatir aur iske jaruri jinda chij me jaankari ke move kare ke. 
 1963 - Sir John Carew Eccles, Australia, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, United Kingdom, aur Andrew Fielding Huxley, United Kingdom, uulog ke  nerve cell membrane ke khoj ke khaatir
 1964 - Konrad Bloch, United States, aur Feodor Lynen, Federal Republic of Germany, ii paae ke khaatir ki  cholesterol aur fatty acid dehin me kaise kaam kare hae
 1965 - François Jacob, André Lwoff, aur Jacques Monod, France, ii paae ke khaatir ki genes viruses ke kaise control kare hae 
 1966 - Peyton Rous, United States, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki viruses tumours ke kaaran hoe sake hae
 1966 - Charles Brenton Huggins, United States, for using hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer
 1967 - Ragnar Granit, Sweden, Haldan Keffer Hartline, aur George Wald, United States, uulog ke paae ke khaatir ki aanki kaise kaam kare hae
 1968 - Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, aur Marshall W. Nirenberg, United States, uulog ke ii samjhe ke khaatir ki genetic code ke protein synthesis me kon role hae
 1969 - Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, aur Salvador E. Luria, United States, ii paae ke khaatir ki viruses kaise reproduce kare hae

 1970-1979 
 1970 - Julius Axelrod, Ulf von Euler, Sweden, aur Sir Bernard Katz, United Kingdom, uulo ke transmittors in the nerve terminals ke baare me paae ke khaatir aur ii kaise kaam kare hae. 
 1971 - Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., United States, uske hormones ke baare me khoj ke khaatir
 1972 - Gerald M. Edelman, United States, aur Rodney R. Porter, United Kingdom, uske  antibodies ke chemical structure ke paae ke khaatir
 1973 - Karl von Frisch, Federal Republic of Germany, Konrad Lorenz, Austria, aur Nikolaas Tinbergen, United Kingdom, uulog ke  individual aur social behaviour patterns ke khij ke khaatir
 1974 - Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, Belgium, aur George E. Palade, United States, uulog ke cells ke baare me khoj ke khaatir
 1975 - David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, aur Howard Martin Temin, United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki konchi hoe hae jab tumour causing viruses infect normal cells.
 1976 - Baruch S. Blumberg aur D. Carleton Gajdusek, United States, uulog ke khoj ki infectious diseases kaise suruu hoe hae aur faile hae.
 1977 - Roger Guillemin, Andrew W. Schally, United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki dimaag kaise peptide hormone ke banae hae
 1977 - Rosalyn Yalow, United States, uske radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones ke adhyan ke khaatir
 1978 - Werner Arber, Switzerland, Daniel Nathans, United States, aur Hamilton O. Smith, United States uske restriction enzymes ke paae ke khaatir, aur iske kaise molecular genetics me kaam me laawa jaae sake hae"
 1979 - Allan M. Cormack, United States, aur Godfrey N. Hounsfield, United Kingdom, uske computer assisted tomography banae ke khaatir

 1980-1989 
 1980 - Baruj Benacerraf, United States, Jean Dausset, France, aur George D. Snell, United States, uulog ke  genetically determined structures on the cell surface that control immunological reactions ke paae ke khaatir
 1981 - Roger W. Sperry, United States, uske brain ke cerebral hemispheres ke jaruri ke baare me paae ke khaatir
 1981 - David H. Hubel, United States, and Torsten N. Wiesel, Sweden, for their discoveries about information processing in the visual system"
 1982 - Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, Sweden, aur John R. Vane, United Kingdom, uulog ke  prostaglandins ke baare me khoj ke khaatir.
 1983 - Barbara McClintock, United States, uske mobile genetic elements ke khoj ke khaatir
 1984 - Niels K. Jerne, Denmark, Georges J.F. Köhler, Federal Republic of Germany, César Milstein, Argentina aur the United Kingdom, uulog ke theory development and control of the immune system ke baare me aur ii paae ke khaatir ki  monoclonal antibodies kaise bane hae.
 1985 - Michael S. Brown, aur Joseph L. Goldstein, United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki  cholesterol ke kaise kaabu me rakkhaa jaae hae
 1986 - Stanley Cohen, United States, aur Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italy and the United States, uulog ke growth factors pe khoj ke khaatir
 1987 - Susumu Tonegawa, Japan, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki gene kaise antibodies banae hae
 1988 - Sir James W. Black, United Kingdom, Gertrude B. Elion, aur George H. Hitchings, United States, uulog ke  drug treatment ke khaas niyam bane ke khaatir
 1989 - J. Michael Bishop aur Harold E. Varmus, United States, uulog ii paae rahin ki genes ke ek barraa palwaar ke disturb kare se saadhaaran cell cancer cell ban jaae hae.

 1990-1999 
 1990 - Joseph E. Murray aur E. Donnall Thomas, United States, uulog ke kaam organ and cell transplantation bemaari ke achchhaa kare ke khaatir"
 1991 - Erwin Neher aur Bert Sakmann, Federal Republic of Germany, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki ek ion channels cells me kon chij kare hae
 1992 - Edmond H. Fischer, Switzerland and the United States, aur Edwin G. Krebs, United States, uulog ke protein phosphorylation as a biological control mechanism ke paae ke khaatir
 1993 - Richard J. Roberts, United Kingdom, aur Phillip A. Sharp, United States, uulog ke split genes me khoj ke khaatir
 1994 - Alfred G. Gilman, aur Martin Rodbell, United States, uulog ke for G-proteins ke paae ke khaatir aur iske kon kaam rhae hae signal transduction in cells me
 1995 - Edward B. Lewis, United States, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Federal Republic of Germany, aur Eric F. Wieschaus, United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki  embryonic development ke genes kaise badle hae
 1996 - Peter C. Doherty, Australia, aur Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Switzerland, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki immune system kaise ii jaane hae ki kon cell virus se infected hae. 
 1997 - Stanley B. Prusiner, United States, uske Prions ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki proteins hae jon ki log ke bemaar kare hae
 1998 - Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro aur Ferid Murad, United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki nitric oxide kaise ek  signalling molecule ke rakam cardiovascular system me kaam kare hae
 1999 - Günter Blobel, United States, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki proteins ke lage  built-in signals rahe hae jon cell me transport aur localization ke control kare hae

 2000-2009 
 2000 - Arvid Carlsson, Sweden, Paul Greengard, United States, aur Eric R. Kandel, United States, signal transduction in the nervous system ke khoj ke khaatir"
 2001 - Leland H. Hartwell, United States, Tim Hunt, United Kingdom, aur Sir Paul M. Nurse, United Kingdom, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki cell cycle me khaas controls kon chij hae 
 2002 - Sydney Brenner, United Kingdom, H. Robert Horvitz, United States, aur John E. Sulston, United Kingdom, uulog ke genetic controls of organ development and programmed cell death paae ke khaatir 
 2003 - Paul Lauterbur, United States, and Sir Peter Mansfield, United Kingdom,  magnetic resonance imaging ke banae ke khaatir"
 2004 - Richard Axel aur Linda B. Buck, United States, uulog ke  odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system ke paae ke khaatir, (ham log chij ke kaise sughtaa hae)
 2005 - Barry J. Marshall aur J. Robin Warren, Australia, uulog ke  bacterium Helicobacter pylori jon gastritis aur peptic ulcer disease ke kaaran hae, ke paae ke khaatir
 2006 - Andrew Z. Fire aur Craig C. Mello, United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki  RNA interference kaise genes ke switch "on" aur "off" kare hae
 2007 - Mario R. Capecchi, United States, Sir Martin J. Evans, United Kingdom, Oliver Smithies, United States, uu log ke ii paae ke khaatir ki chuuha me genes ke, embryonic stem cells ke kaam e laae ke, kaise badlaa jaae sake hae.  
 2008 - Harald zur Hausen, Germany, papilloma viruses jon ki cervical cancer ke kaaran hae ke paae ke khaatir
 2008 - Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, France, human immunodeficiency virus ke paae ke khaatir

 Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature (Swedish Academy tae kare hae)
 Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian Nobel Committee tae kare hae, jiske Norwegian Parliament, Stortinget appoint kare hae)
 Winners of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences tae kare hae)

 References 


Category:Dher des ke sanstha