Madhmakkhi

Madhmakkhi urre waala kirwaa hae jon monophyletic clade Anthophila ke bane hae superfamily Apoidea, order Hymenoptera ke,Engel, M. S. (2005) Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum Novitates 3476. aur jisme 20,000 jaana gais species saath jaana jaawe waala families me hae. Kuchh speciesjisme honey bees, bumblebees, aur stingless bees hae  social insects hae jon ek  jaada hierarchical colonies me rahe hae, jab dher species (>90%)jisme mason bees, carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, aur sweat bees hae solitary hae. Sab se jaada jaane waala genus, Apis (i.e. honey bees), ke baare me ii jaana jaawe hae ki ii hexagonally celled waxy nests called hives ke banae hae.

Jab madhmakkhi ke nagiich ke palwaar barre aur chuunti, carnivorous/omnivorous hae, madhmakkhi herbivores hae jon khaali  nectar (nectarivory) aur pollen (palynivory) khaawe hae, nector se  carbohydrate jon metabolic energy ke source hae, aur pollen protein ke khaatir aur duusra nutrients aapan larvae ke khaatir. Madhmakkhi ke dunia ke sab continent me,  Antarctica ke chhorr ke paawa jaawe hae, aur ii dunia ke sab jagha hae jahaan pe paudha  jisme insect-pollinated flowering plants hae.  Northern Hemisphere ke sab se jaada bee  Halictidae, nai to sweat madmakkhi hae, lekin ii chhotaa hae aur iske barre aur makkhi se mistake karaa jaawe hae. Madmakki ke size chhotaa  stingless madmakkhi ke  species, jiske majuur   lambaa se kamti rahe hae, se lae ke  leafcutter madmakkhi Megachile pluto talak, jon sab se barraa madmakkhi ke  species hae, jiske females ke lambaai  talak rahe hae. Madmakkhi ke khaae waala jaanwar me  primates aur chirriya jaise bee-eaters ; insect predators jaise beewolves aur dragonflies hae.

Madmakkhi ke insaan uske ecological roles pollinator ke ruup me aur, sab se jaada jaane waala species ke case me , the western honey bee, madh banae ke khaatir, ek regurgitated aur dehydrated viscous mixture jon thorra digested monosaccharide ke madhmakkhi colony ke khaatir khaana ke godaam ke ruup me hae. Pollination management madhmakkhi ke kaam me laae ke important hae duuno  ecologically aur agriculturally, au janglee madhmakkhi ke abaadi kamti hoe ke kaaran domesticated pollination by commercially managed hives of madhmakkhi ke demand barr gais hae. 1980 se 2013 talak  353 janglii madhmakkhi ke analysis me paawa gais hae ki  ek chauthaai species extinct hoe gais hae.  Insaan se beekeeping nai to apiculture (meliponiculture for stingless bees) ke hajaaro saal se karaa jaawe hae , kamti se kamti Ancient Egypt aur Ancient Greece me. Madhmakkhi  mythology aur folklore me bhi aais hae.

vibhag:M
Category:Kirwa