Austria

Austria (German: Österreich), sarkari taur se "Republic of Austria", madhya Europe ke ek des hae. Austria ke parrosi des hae Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, aur Liechtenstein. Abhi Austria ke chancellor Werner Faymann hae. 1995 se Austria European Union ke sadasya hae.

Austria ke log German bhasa me baat kare hae, lekin aur kuch log Hungarian, Slovenian aur Croatian bhasa me bhi baat kare hae. Austria ke raajdhaanii Vienna (Wien) hae.

Austria, hajaar saal se bhi purana hae. Iske itihaas ninth century se suruu karaa jaae sake hae jab ki pahile Austrain log uu jagha jiske abhi Austria bola jaae hae me aae ke rahe lagin.

Austria, ek democratic des hae jisme nau state hae: Vorarlberg, the Tyrol, Salzburg, Carinthia, Styria, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna aur Burgenland. Ii ek neutral des hae jon ki 1955 se United Nations me hae.

 Itihaas 
 Purana jamana 
Jon jagha pe abhi Austria hae, me bahut din se admii log rahe hae. Pahila settlers Paleolithic age me, Neanderthal log rahin. Uu log kuch works of art, jaise ki Venus of Willendorf chhorr gain hae. Neolithic age, admii log hian rahat rahin mining kare ke khati jaise ki copper. Ötzi, ek mummy ke Austria aur Italy ke biich me glacier me pawa gais hae. Bronze Age me barraa basti aur fortress uu jagha pe banawa gais hae jahan pe resources rahaa jaise ki nimak ke mine Hallstatt ke nachdik.

 Romans ke time 
Romans log Austria bhar me bas gain rahaa. Uu log shahar banain jisme se khaas rahaa Carnuntum (Vienna ke nachdik), Virunum (Klagenfurt ke north me) aur Teurnia (Spittal an der Drau ke nachdik).

 Nawaa jamana 
800 se 1918 talak, Austria ek empire rahaa, jiske raja log House of Hapsburg ke rahin. 1914 me,Austria ke Archduke Franz Ferdinand ke Serbia me, hatya ke kaaran World War I suruu bhais rahaa. Larrai ke baad, jab ki Austrian Empire Germany aur Turkey ke saathe haar gais rahaa, tab uske sab non-German area ke ajaadi de diya gais. Iske baad ii ek republic hoe gais. Pahila republic 1918 se 1938, Second Republic 1945 se rahaa. 1938 se 1945 talak, Austria, Germany ke ek hissa rahaa. World War II ke baad 1955 talak, Austria ke Allied powers, occupy kare rahin.

1955 me,Austria United Nations ke join karis aur 1995 me [[European Union ke join karis. Ii OECD aur Interpol ke member bhi hae. 1999 se Austria me Euro currency ke kaam me laawa jaae hae.

 Geography 
Austria jaada kar ke pahaarr waala des hae kahe ki ii Alps me hae. Gharb ke uuncha Alps, sharq ke plains me hoe jaae hae.

 Austria ke state 
# State () Capital Area Popu­lation  Rank1  Burgenland  Eisenstadt  3,966 km²  280,350  92  Carinthia ()Klagenfurt  9,536 km²  560,753  63  Lower Austria ()St. Pölten  19,174 km²  1,588,545  24  Upper Austria ()Linz  11,980 km²  1,405,986  35  Salzburg  Salzburg  7,154 km²  529,085  76  Styria ()Graz  16,392 km²  1,203,986  47  Tyrol ()Innsbruck  12,648 km²  698,472  58  VorarlbergBregenz  2,601 km²  364,611  89  Vienna ()Vienna ()  414.90 km²  1,660,534  1The States of Austria|400px|center

Austrian Parliament|thumbnail|upright
 Culture 
 Music and Arts 
Dher jaana maana composers Austria ke rahin jaise ki Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert, Anton Bruckner, Johann Strauss, Sr., Johann Strauss, Jr. aur Gustav Mahler. Nawaa jamana me Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern aur Alban Berg, Second Viennese School ke rahin.

Austria me dher artist rahin jaise ki Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele or Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Inge Morath aur Otto Wagner.

 Khana 
Kuch mashhuur Austrian khana hae Wiener Schnitzel, Schweinsbraten, Kaiserschmarren, Knödel, Sachertorte au Tafelspitz.

 Mashhuur Austrians 
 Scientists 
 Ludwig Boltzmann
 Ernst Mach
 Christian Doppler
 Lise Meitner
 Erwin Schrödinger
 Wolfgang Pauli
 Anton Zeilinger
 Theodore Billroth
 Sigmund Freud
 Alfred Adler

 Khel aur Entertainment 
 Hermann Maier
 Arnold Schwarzenegger
 Falco
 Franz Joseph Haydd

Politics
Adolf Hitler
Kurt Waldheim

 Austria ke President ke list (1919 se abhi talak) 
First Austrian Republic (1918-1938) ke President No.  Naam Picture  Born-Died Term of office  Party 1 Karl Seitz (President of the Constituent National Assembly to 10 November 1920, then acting president) 80px 1869-1950 5 March 1919 – 9 December 1920 Social Democratic Party 2 Michael Hainisch 80px 1858-1940 9 December 1920 – 10 December 1928 koi party ke nai 3 Wilhelm Miklas 80px 1872-1956 10 December 1928 – 13 March 1938 Christian Social PartySecond Austrian Republic (1945 se abhi talak) ke President No.  Naam Picture  Born-Died Term of office  Party 1 Karl Renner 80px 1870-1950 29 April 1945 - 31 December 1950 Social Democratic Party 2 Theodor Körner 80px 1873-1957 21 June 1951 - 4 January 1957 Social Democratic Party 3 Adolf Schärf 80px 1890-1965 22 May 1957 - 28 February 1965 Social Democratic Party 4 Franz Jonas 80px 1899-1974 9 June 1965 - 24 April 1974 Social Democratic Party 5 Rudolf Kirchschläger 80px 1915-2000 8 July 1974 - 8 July 1986 Social Democratic Party 6 Kurt Waldheim 80px 1918-2007 8 July 1986 - 8 July 1992 Austrian People's Party 7 Thomas Klestil 80px 932-2004 8 July 1992 - 6 July 2004 Austrian People's Party 8 Heinz Fischer 80px *1938 8 July 2004 - 8 July 2016 Social Democratic Party 9 Alexander Van der Bellen 80px *1944 26 January 2017 se abhi talak The Greens

 Chapa ke gallery 

 References 


Category:European Union ke member
Category:German bhasa waala des