Ethiopia

Ethiopia, jiske sarkari naam Federal Democratic Republic of Ehiopia hae, East Africa ke Horn of Africa ilaaka ke ek des hae. Africa ke sab des me se iske itihass ke baare jaada jaana jaae hae. Aur sab Africa ke des ke rakam Ethiopia koi Europe ke des ke colony nai banaa. Ethiopia ke pahile Abyssinia ke naam se jaana jawat rahaa. "Ethiopia" sabd, Greek sabd Αἰθιοπία se aais hae. 2008 me Ethiopia ke per capita income $1370 rahaa. Ethiopia, Horn of Africa me hae aur iske north me Eritrea, west me Sudan, south me Kenya, east me Somalia aur northeast me Djibouti hae. Iske area 1,100,000 km² (426,400 square miles)  aur 2024 me iske abaadi 132,000,000 hae. Iske capital city Addis Ababa hae.

 Itihaas 
Ethiopia me sab se puraana hominid ke 1994 me paawa gais rahaa jon ki ek 4.2 million puraana Ardipithecus ramidus rahaa. Sabse jaada jaane waala homonid ek Australopithecus afarensis rahaa jon 3.2 million saal puraana rahaa.

Ethiopia uu jagha hae jahaan pe sab se pahile Homo sapiens develop bhae rahin aur hian pe 200,000 saal puraana fossil paawa gais hae. Hian pe 160,000 saal puraana fossil paawa gais hae jiske insaan ke immediate ancestor maana jaae hae.

Bhasa ke adhyan kare waala log ii samjge hae ki pahila Afroasiatic bhasa baat kare waala log Ehiopia ke ilaaka me Neolithic jamaana me aae rahin. Aaj-kal ke jaada vidwaan log ii propose karin hae ki  Afroasiatic bhasa ke palwaar Ehiopia ke ilaaka me develop bhais rahaa.

2019 me archeologists log ek 30,000 saal puraana patthar ke jhoprri ke paain, jon samundar se 3,469 metres uppar rahaa. Hian pe dher jaanwar ke haddi, kuchh sau patthar ke aujaar aur chulha ke paain.

2013 me Ethiopia me sab se puraana hathiyaar jon ki 279,000 saal puraana rahaa, mila Ii hathiyaar patthaar se tipped javelin rahaa jon ki Homo sapien ke hathiyaar hae. 

Ethiopia me pahila kingdim, the Kingdom of Aksum rahaa, jon ki pahila century AD me suruu bhaes rahaa. Persia ke religious figure Mani, Aksum ke Rome, Persia, aur China uu time ke tagatwar des batais hae. 4th century se sruu me Syro-Greek castaway, Frumentius, ke court me lae jawa gais aur kuch din me King Ezana ke Isai banae diis, jon ki ii des ke state religion hoe gais. Iske khatir uske "Abba Selama" ke title milaa. Kuch din talak, jaada kar ke 6th century me, Axum, Yemen, jon ki Red Sea ke uu paar hae ke bhi rule karis hae.

Axumite raja log ke line ke kuch dafe tuurra gais hae: pahila dafe, lagbhag 950 me, Jewish Queen Gudit se aur uske baad a Zagwe dynasty se. Lag bhag 1270 me, the Solomonid dynasty,Ethiopia ke control karis, ii bol ke ki uu logan Axum raja ke palwaar hae. Uu logan apne aap ke Neguse Negest ("King of Kings," nai to Emperor) bolat rahin, ii evidence pe ki uu loagn Solomon aur queen of Sheba ke descendent hoe ke claim karat rahin.

Emperor Lebna Dengel ke raj ke time, Ethiopia, pahila European country, Portugal se contact karis. Ii uu logan khatir achchhaa rahaa kahe ki jab Empire ke wSomali General aur Imam, Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi attack karis tab, Portugal Lebna Dengel ke sahaetaa ke maang pe ek 400 men army bhej ke uske ek larrka, Gelawdewos ke al-Ghazi ke harae me madat karis. Jesuit missionaries logan Orthodox faith of the local Ethiopians ke gussae diin aur, mid-17th century me Emperor Fasilidos uu logan ke des se nikaal diis. Uu time pe Oromo log Ethiopian Christian authorities in the Abyssinian territories, ke question kare lagin aur aapn own dharam rakhe maangat rahin.

1700s me Ethiopia islated hoe gais, uske Emporer logan figureheads ban gain aur warlords jaise ki Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray des pe raj kare lagin. Ethiopian ke isolationism, ek British mission of friendship se khalaas bhaes lekin jab Tewodros II raja banaa tab Ethiopia dunia ke matters me fir se bhaag le laga.

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Category:African Union ke member
Category:Dunia ke des