Switzerland

Switzerland (German bhasa:Schweiz), Europe ke west me ek chhota des hae. Switzerland ke north me Germany, east me Austria aur Liechtenstein, south me Italy aur west me France hae.

Switzerland ke uske  nishpakshataa khatir jaana jaawe hai.  Dher international sanstha Switzerland me based hai. United Nations ke khaaas office Geneva me hai aur isse pahile League of Nations, ke headquarters bhihian pe rahaa.

Switzerland ke official naam Confoederatio Helvetica hai.  Switzerland ke chaar official languagehai: German, French, Italian, aur Romansh.

Switzerland ke capital Bern hai aur sab se barraa city Zürich hai.

 Geography 

Switzerland ke area 41,285 km² hai. 

Switzerland me 2,889 villages, towns and cities.

Switzerland me dher pahaarr hai. 

Rhine aur Rhône naddii Switzerland ke pahaarr se suruu hoe hai. Hian pe dher talao bhi hai.

 People 
Switzerland ke population 7.5 million log hai, jisme se 64% German me baat kare ai, 19% French, 8% Italian aur khaali 1% Romansh me baat kare hai. 

Switzerland ke jaada log  Christian hai, jisme se 43% Catholic, 35% Protestantism, 2% Eastern Orthodoxy, 4% Islam hai.

Chhaapa ke gallery

Itihaas
Switzerland me 150,000 saal pahile insaan ke rakam log ke rahe ke sabuut hae. Kisaani was basti, jon 5300 BC me rahaa ke bhi paawa gais hae. Hian ke puraana tribes, La Tene 450 BC se hian pe rahat rahin. Isme ke ek tribe, Helvetti Switzerland ke pahaarr ke chhorr ke eastern France me jaae ke bas gain. Hian pe uu logan ke takkar ROman army se bhais, aur ek larrai me uu log ke haar hoe gais. Iske baad uulog ke Switzerland laute ke parra aur uu logan ke adhikaar aur kahin jaae ke uppar rok lagaawa gais rahaa. 15 BC me Rome ke Emperor, Tiberius Switzerland ke aapan niche kar liis. 4th century me Rome, Germanic tribe ke attack ke kaaran Switzerland ke chhorr diin.

4th century ke baad, Switzerland ke western hissa Kinkdom of Burgundy ke niche rahaa, jahaan se huan pe French bhasa introduce karaa gais rahaa. 4th century me ek duusra tribe ke log aae ke Swiss plateau me rahe lagin aur 8th century talak hian pe dui kingdom rahaa. Sixth century me ii duuno kingdom Frakish empire ke niche hoe gais.

843 me Switzerland ke dui bhaag me baat dewa gais rahaa - Middle Francia aur East Framcia, lekin 1000 AD me duuno ek hoe ke Holy Roman Empire ke niche hoe gais. 10th century me ii raj kamjor parr gais aur Magyar log Switzerland ke dui town ke barbaad kar diin. Iske baad East Francia ke raja sab settlement ke batais ki uu logan fortifications banae. Ii kaaran se dher city saarkar eastern Awitzerland me banaa rahaa. 1200 talak Switzerland me dher chota-chota raj rahaa.

Puraana Swiss Confederacy, central alps ke log ke alliance rahaa. Ii Confederacy pe nobles aur patricians raj karat rahin. 1291 ke Federal Charter  ii confederacy ke founding document rahaa. Ii document pe Uri, Schwyz aur Unterwalden agree bhae rahin. 

1353 me pahila tiin canton me Glarus, Zug, Lucerne, Zurich aur Bern bhi join hoe gais aur aath state ke "Old Confederacy" banaa. Confederacy ke barra hoe ke kaaran, 1460 talak ii confederacy Rhine ke south west se Alps talak ke sab jagha ke control karat rahin. 1470s ke Swabain war me Swiss log Holy Roman Empire ke hare ke dher ajaadi le lin rahaa. 1501 me Basel aur Schaffhausen bhi Old Swiss Confederacy ke join kar liin.

Suruu me Confederacy dher larrai jiitis rahaa, lekin 1515 me ek battle me haar khaais. Iskke baad cantons ke biich me dharmik larrai bhais, lekin 1648 me, Peace of Westphalia ke niche Europe ke des Switzerland ke independencs ke recognize karin. Azaad Switzerland ke suruu me ruler log dictator ke rakam rahin. . 

1798 me France, Switzerland ke invade karis aur aur ek nawaa constitution impose karis.

 Duusra websites 
 English homepage of the Swiss Federal Authorities 
 The Swiss Confederation: A Brief Guide 2006 
 Switzerland information at Traveldir.org 
 Pictures from Switzerland 

References

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