Algeria

Algeria (Arbii: الجزائر, Literary Arabic Pronounciation: al-Jazā’ir IPA2:ælʤæˈzæːʔir, Algerian Arabic aur Berber pronounciation: Dzayer, IPA:ˈdzæjər, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ ), official naam People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, North Africa ke ek des hae. Ii Mediterranean sea ke border kare waala sab se barraa des hae, African continent ke duusra sab se barraa des hae aur land- area me dunia ke 11th sab se barraa des hae. Iske northeast me Tunisia, east me Libya, southeast me Niger, southwest me Mali aur Mauritania, west me Western Sahara, northwest me Morocco aur north me in the north me Mediterranean Sea hae. Iske area 2,400,000 km² aur population 42,000,000 hae (2018). Iske capital Algiers hae.

Algeria Arab League, United Nations, African Union aur OPEC ke member hae. Iske haanth Arab Maghreb Union ke banae me rahaa.

Algeria ke naam iske capital city, Algiers (Al-jazā’ir Arabii me) se aais hae. 

 Etymology 
ii des ke naam Algiers city se aais hae. ii city ke naam Al-jazā’ir, se aais hae jon ki city ke purana naam jazā’ir banī mazghanā, jiske matla Arbii me "the islands of Mazghanna" se aais hae. 

Purana time me northern Algeria ke Numidia naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, jisme western Tunisia aureastern Morocco bhi rahaa.

 Bhasa 
Algeria ke official bhasa Arbii aur Berber hae. French bhasa ke bhi kaam me lawa jaae hae.

 Itihaas 
Berber log 10,000 BC se ii jagah pe rahe hae. 1000 BC ke baad Carthaginian log aae ke hian pe base lagin lekin Berber logan Punic Wars ke baad Carthage se ajaad hoe gain. Lekin 200 BC me Rome ii jagah ke aapan niche kar liis. Jab Western Roman Empire khalaas hoe gais tab Berbers ligan kuch jagah pe control karin aur Vandals log duusra jaah pe. Ii jagah ii rakam rahaa jab talak ki Byzantine Emperor, Justinian I ii jagah ke aapan niche nai karis. 642 aur 669 ke biich me Arbii logan Islam aur Arbii bhasa ke haen pe laain. 

Ii 5 July 1962 ke Algeria, France se ajaad bhaes rahaa.

 Algeria ke President ke Title 
 1954 - 1962: President of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
 1962 - 1962: Chairman of the Provisional Executive
 1962 - 1963: President of the National Constituent Assembly
 1963 - 1965: President of the Republic
 1965 - 1976: Chairman of the Revolutionary Council
 1976 - 1992: President of the Republic
 1992 - 1994: Chairman of the High Council of State
 1994 - 1995: State President
 1995 - Present: President of the Republic

 Provinces aur districts 
Algeria ke 48 province (wilaya), 553 district (daïra) aur 1,541 municipalities (baladiyah) me baata gais hae. Ii sab province, district, aur municipality ke naam iske Capital se aais hae, jon ki jaada kar ke ek barraa city hae.
Algerian constitution ke niche , ek province a territorial collectivity enjoying some economic freedom hae.

People's Provincial Assembly, ek proince ke political governing entity hae, jiske ek "president" ahe hae, jiske assembly ke member logan chune hae. Ii sab member logan ke common roll se har paanch saal me chuna jaawe hae. Sab province me ek "Wali" (Prefect nai to governor) rahe hae, jiske Algeria ke President choose kare hae. 

Administrative division ke ajaadi ke baad dher dafe badla gais hae. Jab nawaa province banawa gais hae tab purana province ke number nai badla gais, aur ii kaaran se province ke suchi alphabetical order me nai hae. 
1 Adrar
2 Chlef
3 Laghouat
4 Oum el-Bouaghi
5 Batna
6 Béjaïa
7 Biskra
8 Béchar
9 Blida
10 Bouira
11 Tamanghasset
12 Tébessa13 Tlemcen
14 Tiaret
15 Tizi Ouzou
16 Algiers
17 Djelfa
18 Jijel
19 Sétif
20 Saïda
21 Skikda
22 Sidi Bel Abbes
23 Annaba
24 Guelma25 Constantine
26 Médéa
27 Mostaganem
28 M'Sila
29 Mascara
30 Ouargla
31 Oran
32 El Bayadh
33 Illizi
34 Bordj Bou Arréridj
35 Boumerdès
36 El Tarf37 Tindouf
38 Tissemsilt
39 El Oued
40 Khenchela
41 Souk Ahras
42 Tipasa
43 Mila
44 Aïn Defla
45 Naama
46 Aïn Témouchent
47 Ghardaïa
48 Relizane

 Chapa ke gallery 

 References 


vibhag:Arbii bhasa waala des
vibhag:Arab League ke member
vibhag:United Nations ke member
vibhag:African Union ke member
vibhag:OPEC ke member
vibhag:Dunia ke des