Vietnam

Việt Nam, Southeast Asia  ke ek des hae. Iske official naam the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam hae. Iske parrosi des hae China, Laos aur Cambodia. Vietnam ke capital Hànội hae aur sab se barraa city Hồ Chí Minh City city hae jiske pahile Sàigòn ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa. Vietnam me 86.5 million log rahe hae.

Vietnam pe ek dafe Chinese Empire raj karat rahaa tab iske naam Annam ("peaceful south") rahaa.


Itihaas
Purana itihaas
Aecheologists ke khodaai se ii pataa chale hae ki Vietnam me Paleolithic jamaana me insaan rahat rahin. Kuchh chij jiske khodaai me paawa gais hae ke 780,000 saal puraana rahe ke daawa karaa jaae hae, jiske "tektite ke paae ke kaaran biswas karaa jaae hae, lekin aur log ii bhi daawa karin hae ki ii chij duusra jamaana me bhi paawa jaae hae. 500,000 saal puraana Homo erectus ke haddi ke northern Vietnam ke gufaa me paawa gais hae. Sab se puraana :Homo sapiens" ke haddi ke bhi hian pe paawa gais hae. 

Jon jagha abhi Vietnam hae, Maritime Jade Road ke hissa rahaa. Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.

Lagbhag 1000 BC me Ma Naddi aur Red Naddi ke floddplains me dhaan ke kheti suruu bhais aur isse Son sankriti, jiske bronze ke kaam me laae khaatir jaana jaae hae, develop bhais. Ii time me Van Lang aur Au Lac kingdom aur iske influence Southeast Asia ke aur jagha me faelaa rahaa.

Vietnam ke dynasties
Vietnamese log ii biswas kare hae ki Hong Bang dynasty ke Hing raja log 2879 BC me pahila Vietnamese des seuruu kare rahin. 257 BC me aakhri Hung raja ke Thuc Phan harae ke Au Lac ke suruu kare rahin. 179 BC me China ke general, Zhao Tuo, An Duong Vuong ke harae ke au Lac ke Nanyue me jorr diis. Lekon Nanyue 111 BC me Han dynasty ke hissa hoe gais rahaa. Iske baad 1000 saal talak China ke niche rahaa.

938 AD me Vietnamese lord Ngo Quyen Chinese army ke harae ke Vietnam ke ajaadi dewais. 960 Ad talak Dai Viet dynasty hian pe banaa rahaa. Ii time Vietnam tiin Mogol invasion ke repel karis rahaa. Vietnamese ab se taagatwar emporer Le Thanh Tong ke time (1460-1497)  me rahin. 11th aur 18th century ke biich me Vietnam south ke bagal barrha rahaa.

French Indochina
1500s me Portuguese loag Vietnam ke coast ke explore kare rahin. 1533 me uu log Vietnam ke delta me utre lagin , lekin Vietnam ke bhittar ke larrai ke kaaran uu log chale gain. Jab Poetuguese log Macau aur Japan ke Nagasaki me bas ke trade suruu kare rahin. Hian se Portuguese log Vietnam se trade karat rahin. Christian missionaries log bhi ii time Vietnam me aae rahin. Dutch log, 1601 me Vietnam se trade kare ke kosis kare rahin, lekin kuch larrai ke baad uu log ke laute ke parraa. 1637 me Dutch East India Company khaali Tonkin me tading station ke suruu kare rahin. 1672 talak English log bhi Tonkin se Vietnam se trade suruu kare rahin.
1615 aur 1753 ke biich me French trader log Vietnam se trade karat rahin. 1658 se French missionaries log Vietnam aae lage rahin. Vietnamese log isse khusi nai rahin, aur jab kuchh French missionary ke dhamki dewa gais tab 1843 me French Navy attack karis rahaa. 1859 se 1885 talak French log, Spain ke sahaetaa se Vietnam ke conquer kain.

1962 aur 1867 ke biich me Vietnam ke south ke hissa French colony hoe gais, aur 1884 talak puura des France ke niche rahaa. Ii colonial time me vietnam ke puraana raja ke samarthan kare waala guerrilla log des ke lagbhag one-third Christian log ke maar de rahin aur 10 saal ke larrai ke baad uu log ke 1890s me harae dewa gais rahaa. 1908 me fir se rebel kare ke kosis karaa gais rahaa.
World War II talak French log Vietnam pe control rakkhe rahin, lekin 1940 me Vivhy French sarkar Japan ke hian pe troops rakke ke ijaajat diis. Japan, Vietnam ke natural resources ke exploit karis aur March 1945 me French ke virod me ek coup ke support karis jisme dui million log ke maut bhais rahaa. 

 First Indochina War 
1941 me Ho Chi Minh ek nationalist movement jon communist ideology be based rahaa ke suruu karis, jiske ke naam Viet Minh rahaa. Viet Minh France se ajaadi maangat rahaa aur Japan ke troops ke des se baahar maangat rahaa. August 1945 me Japan ke haar ke baad, Viet Minh Hanoi ke occupy kar ke 2 September me ek nawaa sarkar banain. July 1945 me Allies log Indochina ke 16th parallel se divide kare ke soche rahin jisse Chiag Kai-shek north me Japan ke surrender le aur Britain south me surrender le.
Kaaheki France ke sarkar Workd War II ke baad bahut kamjor rahaa, Britain ke army aur bachaa Japan ke army ke kaam me laae ke France Indochina ke aaoan niche karis. Suruu me Ho Chi Minh France ke des se nikle ke maang karis lekin ki batais ki France ke engineer aur professor log raha sake hae, lekin France ke sarkar iske inkaar kar ke French Expeditionary Force ke Vietnam bhejis. Iske kaaran 1946 me Viet Minh France ke virod me guerrilla larrrai suruu karis, jon July 1954 talak chalaa. France ke larrai me haar ke kaaran ek ceasefire ke negotiate karaa gais, jisme Vietnam ke 17th parallel me North aur South Vietnam me divide karaa gais rahaa. Ii socha jaawat rahaa ki election ke baad duuo hissa ek hoe jaai. Lekin 1955 me south me ek coup bhais aur nawaa sarkar ke United States, Britain, France, Republic of China aur Thailand support karis aur north ke Soviet Union support karis.

 Vietnam War 

 References 

 Bahaari jorr 
 Vietnam images

vibhag:Dunia ke des
vibhag:ASEAN ke member
vibhag:Asia