Totaram Sanadhya

Totaram Sanadhya (1876 - 1947) ek girmitya rahaa, jon ki Fiji ke Hindustani ke adhikar khatir maang kare waala pahila admii rahaa. Uske dhoka se bharti kar ke girmit me India se Fiji lawa gais rahaa. Uu 1893 me Fiji pahuchis aur paanch saal ke girmit kaatis lekin aapan adhikaar ke khaatir larrai karte rahis. Girmit khalaas kare ke baad, Sanadhya aapan kheti suruu karis aur sanghe sanghe pandit ke kaam bhi karis. Uu duusra Hindustani log ke madat hardam karat rahaa aur India se bhi madat le ke kosis karis. Uske khaas haanth, Fiji me pahila Hindustani wakiil (Manilal Doctor) ke laae me rahaa. 1914 me uu India laut gais aur aapan experience, aur Fiji ke Hindustani logan ke pratithi ke baare me ek book, Benarsidas Chaturvedi ke saathe, Mere Fiji Dwip me Ikkis Varsh, likhis. Ii book ke parr ke India me Fiji ke prastithi ke baare sab log ke jaankari mila. Abhi talak, itihaas ke likhe waala log ii book se girmit ke time ke jindagi ke baare me jankari le hae. Uu, aapan jindagi ke aakhri din Mahatma Gandhi ke saathe, Sabramati Ashram me, bitais.

 Jawaani ke din 
totaram Sanadhya ka janam gaon Hirangaon district firozabad uttar pradesh India mai vars 1876 me, ek Brahman parwaar me, hua tha.1887 me uske pitaji mar gaye aur parwar ke log Hirangaon me hi rahe Uske palwaar bahut takliif me rahis, aur Totaram aapan palwaar ke uppar bojhaa kamti kare ke khatir, 1893 me,  kaam khoje chal diis.

 Girmit ke din 
Ek roj uke, bajaar me, ek arkathi mila aur achha talab ke bahaana me girmit sign karawae lis. Uske bataawa gais rahaa ki jab Magistrate kuch puchhi tab khali haan bolna aur ii nahi bataana ki uu Brahaman hae. Uske fir Calcutta laawa gais, jahaan pe uu aapan dimaag badal liis lekin uske ek rum me band kar dewa gais. 28 May 1893 me, Sanadhya 500 aur girmitya log ke saathe Jumna Jahaaj me Fiji pahichis. Nukulau ke quarantine station me, uu fir se protest karis lekin uske ek boat me biig ke Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) ke Nausori estate me laawa gais.

Sanadhya khatir girmit bahut karra rahaa aur pet bhar ke khana bhi nahi milat rahaa. Hapta bhar ke raisan uu tiin roj me khalas kar det rahaa aur baaki din bhuke rahe ke parrat rahaa, nahi to duusar firiman se khana maang ke khat rahaa. Jinda rahe ke khatir uske kuch baimani bhi kare ke parat rahaa, jaise ki jhute ke batao ki pet pirrae jisse ki uske karra kaam nahi mile. Ek dafe Sanadhya ek kulambar ke bhi maris rahaa. 

 Firiman ke jindagi 
Paanch saal ke girmit ke baad jab Sanadhya firi hoe gais tab uske paas ek penny paisa nahi rahaa lekin uu duusar ke 15 shilling karja rahaa. Uu tab kuch paisa uhaar leke jamin lease karis aur usme ganna bois. Sanadhya carpentary, metalwork aur photography ke saathe Kaiviti bhasa bhi sikhis. Uu mangat rahaa ki uu Fiji me hoe waala atyachar ke photo laike newspaper me chapwae, lekin uske camera ke koi chri kar lis aur uske duusra estate me jaae ke manaai kar dewa gae.

Sanadhya jaanat rahaa ki khali kheti se enough paisa nahi bani, tab uu pandit ke kaam bhi kare lagaa. Uu Hindi parre janat rahaa, aur dharmic book kharid ke apne se dharam ke baare me sikhis. Sanadhya 1902 me Fiji me sab se pahila Ram Lila karis. Jab uske paas kuch paisa hoe gais to aapan khet majduur log ke haat me chorr ke girmitya log ke madat kare ke khatir nikal gae. Uske estate ke bhitar jae ke manaai rahaa tab uu estate ke bahaar baith ke bhajan gae, jiske sun ke girmitya log aeke aapan dukh use bataae.  

 Samaj sewa 
1910 me, Sanadhya ek petition Hindi me likh ke aur 200 Suva aur Nausori ke Hindustani se sign karwae ke Governor ke lage bhejis. 1911 me ek tuufan ke kaaran Hindustani log ke ppar bahut takliif aais aur British Indian Association of Fiji ke suruu karaa gais. Association meeting kare ke baad Sanadhya ke adhikar dis ki uu Gandhi ke lage chtthi likh ke ek Hindustani wakeel ke Fiji bheje ke batae. Gandhi chithi parr ke bahut move bhae aur Manilal Doctor ke Fiji bhejis. Sanadhya paisa batorke kanuni book Manilal khatir kharidis. 1912 me Gokhale ke lage telegram bhej ke uske prastao ki "girmit khatam kar diya jae" ke support karis.

 Sanadhya ke book 
Sanadhya 27 March 1914 ke India ke khatir Fiji se chala gais. Uske jae ke time newspaper me bhi bahut charcha bhaes. India pahunch ke uu sab prant me ghunis aur Fiji ke baare me batais.Uu Madras ke Indian National Congress me be bhasan dis. Uuaapan baare me ek book, Mere Fiji Desh me Ikkis Varsh, likhis. Ii book ke parr ke India me Fiji ke prastithi ke baare sab log ke jaankari mila aur girmit band kare ke jorr mila. Uu Bhut Len ke khanai bhi likhis rahaa, jon ki ek girmitya admii ek baare me jon ki aapan dharam aur Kaiviti ligan ke dosti se girmit se jinda nikla.

 Aakri ke din 
1922 me Sanadhya, Gandhi ke saathe Sabarmati Ashram me rahe lagaa. Uske maut 1947 me hoe gais, jiske ke baad Ganghi likhis:
 Burra totaram Ji bina koi piira ke mar gais. Uu Sabramati Ashram ke ek ornament rahaa. Jab ki uu bahut parra lika nahi rahaa fir bhi uu wise rahaa. UU bhajan gaat rahaa lekin music bajae nahii sakat rahaa. UU aapan tamburra se sab log ke khusi rakhat rahaa. Uu aapan aurat se pahile mar gais aur uu dunoo me ham koi jhanjhat nahi dekha.Totaram ke dharti se pyarr rahaa aur uu kheti like karat rahaa. Uu bahut din bhae ashram aais rahaa aur fir laut ke nahi gae. Uu ek kattar Hindu rahaa lekin sab dharam waale ke respect karat rahaa. Uu cast system nahi practice karat rahaa aur usme kai kharabi nahi rahaa. UU aapan des ke pyaar karat rahaa jiske khatir uu sab kuch ckrr dis rahaa. 

 References 
 Sanadhya, Totaram; English translation by J.D. Kelly & U.K. Singh (1991). My Twenty-One Years in the Fiji Islands. Suva, Fiji: Fiji Museum. ISBN 982-208-003-4.

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Sanadhya, Totaram
Sanadhya, Totaram