Makrraa

Makrraa (order Araneae) ek rakam ke aath gorr waala, aur saans le waala (air breathing) arthropod hae, jiske lage khaang (fang) rahe hae jisse ii jahar ke inject kare hae. Ii jaala (web) bhi banae hae. Arachnids me makrraa sab se jaada hae aur sab jiu me se 7th rank me hae.

Makrraa ke, Antartica ke chhorr ke, dunia ke sab continent me paawa jaae hae. November 2023 me taxonomist log 51,673 makrraa ke species, 136 family me record kare rahin. Lekin jiu vigyanik my bahae hoe hae ki makrraa ke palwaar ke kaise  classify karaa jaae, aur 1900 se lagbhag 20 different classification ke propose karaa gais hae.

Anatomically, makrraa (duusra arachnids ke rakam), aur arthopods se different hae kaaheki   usual dehin ke segments dui  tagmata me fused rahe hae, cephalothorax nai to prosoma, aur opisthosoma, nai to peet, ek chhotaa cylindrical pedicel se jurraa rahe hae. Lekin abhi koi  paleontological nai to embryological sabuut nai hae ki makrraa ke kabhi alag thorax-like division rahaa. Yahii rakam se  term "abdomen" ke virod me bhi argument hae, kaaheki makrraa ke  opisthosoma me dil aur fefrraa rahe hae.

Aur sab kirwaa se alag, makrraa ke lage antennae nai rahe hae. Sab se primitive group ke chhorr ke aur sab rakam makrraa me aur sab arthopods ke milaan me sab se centralized nervous system rahe hae, kaaheki uske sab ganglia ek mass me  fused rahe hae,  cephalothorax me. Duusra  arthropod ke rakam, makrraa ke koi  extensor muscles uske  limbs me nai rahe hae, aur iske jaghaa aapan gorr ke  hydraulic pressure se extend kare hae.

Makrraa ke peet me appendages rahe hae, jiske spinnerets me modify bhais hae jon   silk ke chhe rakam ke  glands me se nikaale hae. Makrraa ke jaala dher rakam ke rahe hae, aur dher different amount aur shape me sticky thread ke kaam me laawa jaawe hae.   Ii abhi samjhaa jaae hae ki spiral orb web sab se puraana hoi, aur makrraa jon tangled cobwebs banae hae  orb-weaver spider se aur jaada hae. Makrraa ke rakam arachnid jiske silk-producing spigot hae (Uraraneida)  Devonian period me evolve bhais rahaa, lagbhag  me, lekin ii jaanwar me  spinnerets nai rahaa. Aslii makrraa  ke Carboniferous rocks me  se paawa gais hae aur ii sab se puraana jindaa  suborder hae. Makrraa ke main group, Mygalomorphae aur Araneomorphae, sab se pahile Triassic period me,   se jaada saal pahile aae rahin.

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 References 

vibhag:M
vibhag:Janwar