Peter Paul Rubens

Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) ek Flemish painter rahaa. Uu Baroque style me paint karat rahaa.

Rubens ke uske Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, aur history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects khatir jaana jaawe hae.

Iske saathe uu Antwerp me ek barraa studio chlawat rahaa jon ki Europe bhar ke nobility aur art collectors me mashuur rahaa.  Rubens ek classically-educated humanist scholar, art collector, aur diplomat rahaa jiske duuno Philip IV, Spain ke raja aur Charles I, England ke raja knithood diis rahaa.

 Early life 
Rubens ke janam Siegen, Westphalia, Germany me bhais rahaa. Uske pitaji, Jan Rubens aur maiya Maria Pypelincks rahis.  Jan Rubens ek Calvinist rahis, aur uu aapan aurat ke saathe hissa ke Antwerp se Cologne 1568 me gais, kaahe ki Netherlands me Spain ke raaj me  Protestant log ke bahut satawa jaawat rahaa. Jan Rubens, 1570 me Siegen ke raja ke aurat ke leagal advisor ban gais aur wanhii pe rahe lagaa.  Jan Rubens ke rani ke saathe affair kare ke khatir jahrl bhej aais rahaa aur yahii time 1577 me Peter Paul Rubens paida bhais rahaa. 1588 me puura palwaar  Cologne chal diin, lekin dui saal baad, Rubens ke pitaji ke maut ke baad Rubens aapan maiya ke saathe Antwerp laut gais, jahaan pe uske  Catholic ke upbringing mila. Dharam uske jiwan me khaas sthan rakhis rahaa aur uu baad me Catholic Counter-Reformation style of painting ke .Belkin (1998): 11–18.

Antwerp me Rubens ke  humanist sikchha milaa, jisme uu Latin aur classical literature parrhis. Chaudah saal ke umar me uu aapan artistic apprenticeship  Tobias Verhaeght ke saathe suruu karis. Baad me uu city ke dui sab se achchhaa painter logan Adam van Noort aur Otto van Veen ke niche parhis.Held (1983): 14–35. Uske pahile ke training me jaada training me uu pahile ke artist ke kaam ke paint karat rahaa. Rubens aapan parrhai ke 1598 me khalaas karis, jab uu  Guild of St. Luke me ek independent master ke ruup me join karis.Belkin (1998): 22–38.

 References 

vibhag:P
vibhag:R
vibhag:Chitrkaar
vibhag:Belgium ke log