Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka (janam Prague me 3 July 1883 – maut Vienna 3 June 1924) ek famous Czechia me paeda bhaes, German bhasa me baat kare waala ek writer rahaa. 

 Zindagi 
 Bachpan 

Kafka ke janam Old Town Square, Prague me bhais rahaa, jon uu time Austro-Hungarian Empire ke hissa rahaa. Uske pawwar German bhasa me baat kare waala   middle-class Ashkenazi Yahudi rahin. Uske pitaji, Hermann Kafka, Jakob Kafka ke chauthaa larrka rahaa, Uu ek  nai to kosher butcher, Osek, ek Czech gaon, jiske jaada abaadi Yahudi rahaa aur jon  Strakonice town, southern Bohemia me rahaa. Hermann Prague  1870s me aais rahaa aur ek dukaan khol ke   haberdashery aur ladies' accessories bechat rahaa. Uu 15 jan ke kaam pe rakkhis rahaa aur image of a jackdaw ( in Czech, pronounced and colloquially written as kafka) ke aapan business logo ke khaatir kaam me laais rahaa. Kafka ke maiyaa, Julie,  Jakob Löwy ke larrki rahii, jon ek "cloth-maker  Humpolec  eastern Bohemia" me rahaa.

Kafka ke mai-baap,  traditional Yahudi sankriti ke rahin, German bhasa me baat karat  rahin,  aapan native Yiddish ke influence ke saathe; uulog ke larrkan jinke  acculturated environment me paala gais rahaa,  Standard German me baat karat rahin. Jon sudh bhasa me  Kafka German me baat karat rahaa ii kaaran se hoe sake hae ki uu barra bhais rahaa uu bhasa me baat kar ke jon uske des ke khaas bhasa nai rahaa. Uske lekh pe contemporary usage that mark the style of his generational peers from the heart of the empire in Vienna or, for that matter, from the center of the Second Reich in Berlin ke asar nai rahaa..

Hermann aur Julie ke chhe larrkan rahin, jisme Franz sab se barraa rahaa. Franz ke dui bhaiyaa,, Georg aur Heinrich, paida hoe ke kuchh din baad mar gae rahin,jab Franz saat saal ke umar se chhotaa rahaa; usk etiin bahini rahine Gabriele ("Elli"), Valerie ("Valli") aur Ottilie ("Ottla"). Tiino ke World War II ke the Holocaust me hatya kar dewa gais rahaa. Valli ke Łódź Ghetto  occupied Poland me 1942 me deport karaa gais rahaa, lekin ii uske baare me khaali ek jaankari hae, lekin ii maana jaawe hae ki uu larrai me mar gais rahaa. Ottilie Kafka ke favourite bahini rahii.

Kafka scholar aur anuwaadak, Stanley Corngold Herman ke baare me batais hae ki uu "huge, selfish, overbearing businessman" rahaa aur Franz Kafka uske baare me batais hae ki uu "a true Kafka in strength, health, appetite, loudness of voice, eloquence, self-satisfaction, worldly dominance, endurance, presence of mind, knowledge of human nature, a certain way of doing things on a grand scale, of course also with all the defects and weaknesses that go with these advantages and into which your temperament and sometimes your hot temper drive you" rahaa. Business waala din, duuno maiyaa aur bappa ghar pe nai rahat rahin, aur Julie Kafkahar din 12 hours kaam karat rahii palwaar ke business ke chalae me madat kar ke. Iske kaaran, Kafka ke bachpan childhood akelaa rahaa, aur larrkan ke  dher  governesses aur naukar paalat rahin. Kafka ke troubled relationship aapan pitaji ke saathe ke dekha jaae hae uske  (Letter to His Father) jon 100 panna se jaada rahaa, jisme uu complain karis hae ki uu bahut kharaab se uske pitaji ke  authoritarian aur demanding character se affected rahaa; uske maiyaa, opposite rahii, chuppi aur sarmaawat rahii.  Kafka ke dominating pitaji ke asar Kafka ke lekh me rahaa. 

Kafka palwaar ke saathe ke naukarani larrki uulog ke chhota ghar me rahat rahii.  Franz ke room jaada kar ke thandaa rahaa. November 1913, me uske palwaar ek aur barraa ghar me jaae ke rahe lagin, jon time talak Ellie aur Valli ke saadi hoe gais rahaa aur uulog apne rahe lage rahin. August 1914 me, jaise  World War I suruu bhais rahaa, duuno bahini log ii nai jaanat rahin ki  uulog ke admii log kahaan pe hae aur jaae ke aapan palwaar ke saathe rahe lage rahin.  Duuno Ellie aur Valli ke larrkan rahaa. Franz 31 saal ke umar me  Valli ke pahile waala apartment me rahe lagaa, jon quiet rahaa aur uu pahila dafe apne se rahaa. 

 Parrhai 

1889 se 1893 talak, Kafka  German boys' elementary school me parrhis raha  (meat market), jiske abhi Masná Street ke naam se jaana jaawe hae. Uske Uhudi sikchhaa khatam bhis uske  bar mitzvah celebration ke saathe, 13 saal ke umar me.   Kafka  synagogue  jaae ke nai pasand karat rahaa aur aapan pitaji ke saathe khaali  four high holidays ke har saal jaawat rahaa.

Elementary school parrhe ke baad,  1893 me, Kafka ke  rigorous classics-oriented state gymnasium me bhati karaa gais rahaa, , ek academic secondary school, Old Town Square me jon Kinský Palace ke bhittar rahaa. Hian ke parrhai German bhasa me karaa jaawat rahaa lekin Kafka  Czech me bhi parrhat aur likhat rahaa. Uu Czech ke gymnasium me aath saal talak sikis rahaa, jisme uske achchhaa grade milaa rahaa. Kafka ke uske Czech ke khaatir barrai karaa gais rahaa, lekin apne ke uu bhasa me  fluent nai maanat rahaa. Uu German bhasa ke  Czech accent me baat karat rahaa. He completed his Matura exams in 1901.

Kafka ke Prague ke  me, 1901 me bharti karaa gais rahaa. Uske suruu me  philosophy ke parrhai khaatir bharti karaa gais rahaa, aur iske saathe uke chemisrt me bhi bharti karaa gais rahaa. Kafka  chemistry parrhe ke suruu karis, lekin  dui haftaa baad, wakiil ke parrhai kare lagaa rahaa. Jab ii field uske excite nai karat rahaa, isse uske dher kaam ile sakat rahaa, jisse uske pitaji khusi rahaa.  Iske saathe, wakiili parrhe me jaada samay lagat rahaa, jisse Kafka time milat rahaa  classes ke German studies aur art history le ke. Uu tudent club ke join karis rahaa,  (Reading aur Lecture Hall of the German students), jon literary events, readings and other activities ke organise karis rahaa. Kafka ke dost rahin journalist Felix Weltsch, jon philosophy study karat rahaa,  actor Yitzchak Lowy jon orthodox Hasidic Warsaw palwaar se aais rahaa, aur lekhak Ludwig Winder, Oskar Baum aur Franz Werfel.

 Duusra websites 

 Franz Kafka 
 Oxford Kafka Research Centre

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vibhag:Czechia ke lekhak