Poland

Poland (Polish bhasa: Polska) ke  official naam Republic of Poland (Polish bhasa: Rzeczpospolita PolskaArticle 1 of Polish constitution) hae.  Iske parrosi des west me Germany, south me Czechia aur Slovakia,  east me Ukraine aur Belarus, aur north me Baltic Sea, Lithuania, aur Russia (Kaliningrad exclave).  Iske paani ke border Denmark aur Sweden se Baltic Sea me hae. Poland ke puura land area 312,679 km2 (120,728 mi2) hae. Iske matlab hae ki Poland dunia ke 77th sab se barraa des hae  38.5 million ke abaadi se. TPoland ke log jaada kar ke kuch barraa city me rahe hae jaise ki capital, Warsaw (Polish bhasa: Warszawa), Łódź, Kraków, Katowice, Gdańsk aur Poznań.

Poland des ke naam pahila dafe 966 me sunaa gais rahaa. 1569 me, Poland, Lithuania ke saathe jorr ke Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth banaa. Ii Commonwealth 1795 me tuut gais aur iske baad 123 talak poalnd ke log ke koi des nai rahaa.  World War I ke baad Poland fir se independent bhaes lekin 1939 me iske Germany ayr Russia ke biich me baat dewa gais rahaa. World War II ke baad me ii ek communist des hoi ke Russia ke influence ke niche aais. 

1989 me Poland communism ke chhorr diis aur ek liberal democracy ban gais. 2004 me Poland, European Union ke member an gais. Poland NATO, United Nations, aur World Trade Organization ke member bhi hae.

Itihaas
Puraana itihaas
Uu jagha jahaan pe abhi Poland hae, pahila insaan ke species, Homo erectus, lagbhag 500,000 saal phile base rahin, lekin kharaab mausam ke kaaran huan pe pakka settlement nai bane paais. Jab picchhlaa ice age, lagbhag 10,000 BC me khalaas bhais, tab Homo sapiens log huan pe aae ke rahe lagin. Hian pe 5,500BC me cheese banae ke sabuut milaa hae aur pahiyaa waala gaarri ke 3,400BC ke chaapa bhi milaa hae.

1300BC se 500BC talak ii ilaaka ke abaadi barrhe lagaa, permanent settlement banaa aur ii jagha ke sanskriti barrha.

400BC se 500AD talak abhi ke Poland ke jagha me dher jaati ke log rahae lagin rahaa, khaas kar ke Celts, Scythian, germanic, Sarmatian, Baltic aur Slavic log. Iske bhi sabuut mila hae ki Roman log ii time aapan siphaahi ke ii ilaaka me "amber trade" ke bachae ke khaatir bhejaa gais rahaa. 6
th century me ek migration wave ke baad Slavic Polish tribes ke ii jgha pe rahe ke sabuut hae. Isme bahaar ke log aur puraana log ke biich ke "inter-mixing" bhi hae. 10th century ke baa Polish log aur sab tribe ke dominate kare lagin. 

Kingdom of Poland
Poland, Piast dynasty ke niche, 10th century me ek des ke rakam rahaa. 966 me Poland ke raja Isaahi hoe gais. 

 References 

 Duusra websites 
 Tourist information portal
 Poland.gov.pl - Polish national portal 
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 Poland at the World Factbook 
 Background Note: Poland
 WorldFlicks in Poland: photos and interesting places on Google Maps 


Category:NATO ke member
Category:European Union ke member
Category:Polish bhasa waala des