Mangalgrah

Mangalreah, Suraj se chauthaa grah hae. Ii grah ke matti laal-gulaabi hae, kaaheki isme dher iron oxide hae aur yahii kaaran se iske "Laal grah" ke naam dewa gais hae.. Mangalgrah, dunia se dekhaae aasmaan me ek sab se jaada bright chij hae. Ii ek terrestrial grah hae aur saur mandal ke duusra sab se chhotaa grah hae, jiske diameter  hae. Mangalgrah ke ek din 24.6 ghantaa ke rahe hae aur iske ek saal 1.88 dunia ke saal ke baraabar hae (687 dunia ke baraabar din). Mangalgrah ke lage dui chandarma hae, Phobos aur Deimos

Mangalgrah ke north hissa samthar hae, jab ki south ke hissa cratar se bharaa hae. Hian pe dher barraa barraa exticnt jwakamukhi hae, jisme se sab se uuncha Olympus Mons hae, jiske uunchaai  hae aur saur mandal ke sab se barraa canyon, Valles Marineris, jiske lambaae  hae. Iske dharti ke bhittar dher bhukamp hoe hae. Mangalgrah ke polar ice caps me dher carbon dioxide hae. Saal bhar me average temperature  aur  ke biich me rahe hae. Iske axis ke tilt 23.5 degrees hae.

Mangalgrah 4.5 billion saal pahile banaa rahaa. 4.5 se 3.5 billion saal pahile ii grah ke surface meteor impact se marked rahaa, valley banatrahha, erosion howat rahaa aur saait hian pe samundar bhi rahaa. 3.5 se 3.3–2.9 billion  saal pahile hian pe dher jwalamukhi fuutat rahaa aur baarr ke kaaran dher channels banaa rahaa. Uu time se abhi talak hawaa jaada chale hae. Lig ii biswas kare hae ki saait pahila hian pe jiu rahaa hoi.

20th century me Mangalgrah me dher spacecraft aur rover bheja gais hae. 1965 me pahila dafe Marina 4 Mangalgrah ke bagal se urr ke gais rahaa, 1971 me Mars 2 pahila dafe orbit karis aur 1976 me Viking 1 pahila dafe hian pe utra rahaa. 2023 me 11 orbiroes aur rovers ii grah ke parigrama kare hae. Aage waala saal me aur dher mission hian ke khaatir plan karaa gais hae.

Mangalgrah ka jaankari
Mars ke lage hue chhota chhota chandrama hae, jiske naam Phobos aur Deimos he. Is planet me jaada kar ke patthar he. Iski matti laal he kahe ki hian pagal ho gaye hae 
pe dher  iron oxide (murcha) hae. Ii planet me thorra se carbon dioxide ke atmosphere hae. Mangalgrah ke temperature dunia se aur jaada thanda hae, kahe ki ii Suraj se aur duur har. Mangalgrah ke  north aur south pole me ice aur frozen carbon dioxide hae. Mars me paani nai hae, poles ke alawa, lekin scientist log ii soche hae ki hian pe pahile paani rahaa.

 Physical characteristics 

Magalgrah ke diameter, dunia ke lagbhag aadha hae, lekin iske surface area dunia ke jhuura jagha ke surface arease khaali thorra kamtii hae. Ii grah dunia se kamtii dense hae aur iske volume dunia ke khaali 15% hae aur mass khaali 11% hae. Iske kaaran iske gravity dunia ke khaali 38% hae. Mangalgrah ke abhi ek desert planet bola jaae hae, kaaheki iske surface dunia ke desert ke rakam hae. NASA – Mars in a Minute: Is Mars Really Red?  (Transcript ) 

 Internal structure 

 Mangalgrah ka Itihaas 
Mangalgrah ke baare me pichhle kai varso  se jaana jata hae. Greek log is planet ko Ares khte the , lekin jab Roman log raj karne lage tab ve  log iske naam ko badal kr Mars ka nam de diya.

Ii planet ke chapa banae me pahila kaam Giovanni Schiaparelli karis rahaa. Ii jon kuchh aapan duurbin se dekhis rahaa uske confuse kar diis kahe ki uu canal ke jiske paani ke khatir khoda gias rahaa, ke dekhis.  Iske kaaran log ii soche lagin ki Mangalgrah me janwar aur alien rahe hae. Aajkal ii planet me rocket bheje ke kaaran ham log ii jantaa hae ki  ii planet me koi janwar nai hae.

 References 

 Dusre websites 

 Mars at Space Wiki
 Mars at ESA/Hubble
 Mars Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
 Mars  - About Space
 NASA's Mars fact sheet
 Mars Research News
 Planets - Mars A kid's guide to Mars.

vibhag:M