China

The People's Republic of China (Chinese bhasa: Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国, Traditional Chinese:中華人民共和國), eastern Asia me, ek communist des hae. China ke north me Mongolia aur Russia ke Siberia hae, south me Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar Bhutan aur Nepal aur west me Khazakistan hae. Iske east me South China Sea hae jiske uu paar Taiwan, Korea, aur Japan hae.

Iske Communist Party of China, 1 October 1949 ke banais rahaa.  Iske abaadi dunia ke des me se sab se jaada hae. (1.4 billion log se jaada). 

Iske capital  Beijing hae, lekin Shanghae sab se barraa city hae. 1997 me United Kingdom, Hong Kong ke control aur 1999 me Portugal, Macao ke control China ke lautae diis.  Ii duuno city kuch self-governing hae jab ki central government defense aur foreign affairs ke pachaas saal talak control karii. Taiwan ke Island ke People's Republic of China claim kare hae lekin uske paas ii island ke control nai hae. Taiwan, abhi ek democratic des hae jiske officially Republic of China (Taiwan) bolaa jaawe hae..

 Itihaas 
China ke civilization, second millennium B.C.E. se hae jab ki ii ek feudal society rahaa.  Iske land area abhi ke China ke rakam dekhe me rahaa, western aur northen konaa ke chorr ke jon ke badalte rahat rahaa. Ispe Mongolian log jaise Genghis Khan aur Kublai Khan larrai karte rahin. Jab ki china first millennium C.E. aur second millennium C.E. ke suruu me bahut kuch achieve karis, ii 15th century C.E. me ek isolationaist des hoe gais.

Renaissance ke time talak Europe ke des Asia ke des ke colony banae lagis. Jab ki China ke puura koi des nai le paais rahaa, dher Europe ke des, jisme Britain main des rahaa, China me aapan influence barrhaen. Kahe ki China apne aap ke dunia ke aur des se duur rakhis rahaa, uu technology me pichhe parr gais rahaa aur British log ke roke nai paais. Ii uu time clear bhaes jab 19th century me Opium Wars me Britain China ke harrais. 

1911 me monarchy ke Sun Yat-sen overthrow kar ke ek Nationalist government suruu karis. Dhire dhire Marxist philosophies faela. 1927 me Chiang Kai-shek ke niche Nationalist aur Mao Zedong ke niche Communist ke biich me larrai suruu hoe gais.  1930s me jab Japan, China ke uppar larrai suruu karis tab Nationalists aur Communists ek hoe ke Japan se larrin. Ii larrai me 10 million se jaada log ke maut hoe gais. World War II ke baad civil war fir se suruu hoe gais

1949 me Communist Red Army jiit gais aur Chiang Kai-shek aur uske Nationalists loag Taiwan bhaag gain. Mao Zedong China ke leader 1976 talak rahaa jab uske maut hoe gais.  Ii time me China ke relationship Western World aur Russia se kharaab oe gais.  Mao Zedong ke uske Cultural Revolution khatir bhi jaana jae hae jisme dher logke maar dewa gis rahaa. Uske baad Deng Xiaoping leader banaa.  1979 me, overabaadi problem ke kaaran, China, one-child policy laabu karis jon ke ketnaa larrkian paida karaa jaae sake hae ke uppar rok lagais.In August 2008 me  China, Summer Olympics ke pahila dafe host karis.

 Jagah 
China, Russia ke baad, Asia ke duusra sab se barraa des hae agar khaali jamin ke dekhaa jaae lekin agar duuno jamiin aur samundar ke jorra jaae hae ta ii dunia ke duusra sab se barraa des hae. China ke border 14 des se hae. 

China me dher rakam ke mausam ke jagah hae. East me, Piyar Samundar aur East China Sea ke lage jamiin bahut tagrraa hae aur hian pe dher rakam ke kheti karaa jaawe hae. Mongolia ke lage grasslands hae. South China me dher pahaarr hae. South-east china Piyar Naddi aur Yangtze Naddi ke delta hae. China ke aur naddi hae; Xi, Mekong, Brahmaputra Naddi aur Amur Naddi. West me uuncha pahaarr hae jisme se sab se uunch Himalayas hae. Uuncha plateaus me  Taklamakan aur Gobi Desert hae

 China ke province ke suchi 
GB/T 2260-2007ISOISO 3166-2:CN (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of China)ProvinceChineseHanyu PinyinCapitalPopulation(2020)Density(per km2)Area(km2) Abbreviation HE CN-HE Hebei Héběi Shěng Shijiazhuang  74,610,235 393.08 189,809Jì SX CN-SX Shanxi Shānxī Shěng Taiyuan 34,915,616 222.80 156,713Jìn LN CN-LN Liaoning Liáoníng Shěng  Shenyang  42,591,407 289.59 147,076Liáo JL CN-JL Jilin Jílín Shěng    Changchun  24,073,453  126.51 190,282Jí HL CN-HL Heilongjiang Hēilóngjiāng Shěng  Harbin 31,850,088  67.37 472,766Hēi JS CN-JS Jiangsu Jiāngsū Shěng  Nanjing  84,748,016  847.91 99,949Sū ZJ CN-ZJ Zhejiang Zhèjiāng Shěng Hangzhou  64,567,588 615.67 104,873Zhè AH CN-AH Anhui Ānhuī Shěng    Hefei  61,027,171 436.29 139,879  Wǎn FJ CN-FJ Fujian Fújiàn Shěng   Fuzhou  41,540,086  335.66 123,756  Mǐn JX CN-JX Jiangxi Jiāngxī Shěng  Nanchang  45,188,635 270.69 166,939Gàn SD CN-SD Shandong Shāndōng Shěng  Jinan  101,527,453  643.78 157,704Lǔ HA CN-HA Henan Hénán Shěng    Zhengzhou  99,365,519  600.52 165,467Yù HB CN-HB Hubei Húběi Shěng    Wuhan  57,752,557 310.87 185,776È HN CN-HN Hunan Húnán Shěng    Changsha  66,444,864 313.65 211,842Xiāng GD CN-GD Guangdong Guǎngdōng Shěng Guangzhou 126,012,510  700.02 180,013  Yuè HI CN-HI Hainan Hǎinán Shěng   Haikou   10,081,232  294.27  34,259Qióng SC CN-SC Sichuan Sìchuān Shěng  Chengdu  83,674,866  174.93 484,056Chuān (Shǔ) GZ CN-GZ Guizhou Guìzhōu Shěng  Guiyang  38,562,148 218.93 176,140Guì (Qián) YN CN-YN Yunnan Yúnnán Shěng   Kunming  47,209,277  123.20 383,195Yún (Diān) SN CN-SN Shaanxi Shǎnxī Shěng   Xi'an  39,528,999 192.24 205,624Shǎn (Qín) GS CN-GS Gansu Gānsù Shěng    Lanzhou  25,019,831  54.70 457,382Gān (Lǒng) QH CN-QH Qinghai Qīnghǎi Shěng  Xining   5,923,957 8.58 690,355Qīng TW CN-TW Taiwan Táiwān Shěng  Taipei  23,162,123  650.97 36,161Tái

 People and Culture 

Han, mainland China ke sab se barraa ethnic group hae. 2010 me, 91.51% population ke Han classify karaa gais rahaa (~1.2 billion). Han Chinese ke alawaa, 55 aur ethnic (minority) groups hae, jiske number  approximately 105 million people (8%) hae, jon ki jaada kar ke are concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest.

Khass ethnic minorities in China hae Zhuang (19.6 million), Uyghurs (11 million), Hui (11.4 million), Miao (11 million), Manchu (10.4 million), Yi (9.8 million), Tujia (9.6 million), Tibetans (7 million), Mongols (6.3 million), Buyei (3.5 million), Dong (3.5 million), Yao (3.3 million), Bai (2 million), Koreans (1.7 million), Hani (1.7 million), Li (1.6 million), Kazakhs (1.5 million), and Dai (1.2 million). Lagbhag 126,000 people Canada, the United States, aur Europe se, mainland China me rahe hae. Iske alaawa, there are a number of unrecognized ethnic groups which together comprise over 730,000 people.

China ke Paramount Neta
China ke paramount neta, Chinese Communist Party aur People's Liberation Army ke control kare hae. Uu Communist Party ke General Secretary aur Chairman of the Central Military Commission bhi rahe hae.

Paramount neta ke suchi
 1949 - 1978 - Mao Zedong
 1978 - 1989 - Deng Xiaoping
 1989 - 2002 -Jiang Zemin
 2002 - 2012 - Hu Jintao
 2012 -            Xi Jinping

 Chapa ke gallery 

References