James Watt

James Watt (19 January 1736 - 19 August 1819) ek Scottish mathematician aur engineer rahaa. Uu pahila steam engine nai banais rahaa lekin iske badal ke aur achchhaa karis rahaa. Watts ke steam engine ke is 18th anur19th centuries me Industrial Revolution ke drive kar ke credit dewa jaawe hae. Unit of power, the watt, uske naam se aais hae. 

 Biography 
 Bachpan ke din aur sikchhaa 
James Watt ke janam 19 January 1736 keGreenock, Renfrewshire me bhais rahaa. Uu Agnes Muirhead (1703–1755) aur James Watt (1698–1782) ke jinda larrkan me se sab se barraa rahaa. Watt ke 25 January 1736 me Old West Kirk,  Greenock me baptise karaa gais rahaa.  Uske maiyaa ek jaana-maana palwaar se aae rahii, parrhi-likhi rahii aur  forceful character ke rahii, aur uske pitaji ek  shipwright, jahaaj ke maalik aur chlaae waala aur contractor rahaa jon  Greenock ke chief baillie ke ruup me 1751 me serve karis rahaa.  Watt palwaar ke daulat Watt ke pitaji ke  slaves aur slave-produced goods ke trade se aais rahaa.Lisa Williams, "Scotland and Slavery", National Galleries Scotland, 9 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021. 
Watt ke maiyaa-bappa Presbyterian rahin aur kattar  Covenanters rahin, lekin iske baawajuut uu baad me deist hoe gais rahaa. Watt ke aaja , Thomas Watt (1642–1734), ek mathematics , surveying aur navigation ke teacher rahaa aur Baron of Cartsburn ke baillie rahaa.

Suruu me, Watt ke parrhai uske ghar me uske maiyaa se bhais rahaa, lekin  baad me uu Greenock Grammar School gais rahaa. Huan pe uu  mathematics me achchhaa karis, lekin Latin aur Greek me uske koi dhyaan nai lagat rahaa.

Ii bataawa gais hae ke, jab uu chhotaa rahaa, Watt dher dafe bemaar rahat rahaa aur murr piraawe ke takliif uske sab time rahaa.

School chorree ke baad,  Watt aapan pitaji ke business ke workshop me kaam karis rahaa, jahaan pe uu achchhaa dexterity aur hunnar dekhais rahaa, engineering models ke banae me. Jab uske pitaji ke business nai chalaa tab, Watt Greenock ke chhorr ke  kaam ke khaatir  Glasgow gais aur mathematical instrument maker banaa rahaa.


Jab Watt 18 saal ke rahaa, tab uske maiyaa mar gais rahaa aur uske pitaji ke tabiyat kharaab hoe lagaa rahaa. Watt London gais aur huan pe uu  ek instrument maker  ke training (1755–56) karis, aur fir Scotland laut aais, aur commercial city of Glasgow me bas gais , jahaan pe uu aapan  instrument-making business ke suruu kare maangat rahaa. Uu kaafi jawaan rahaa aur kaaheki uske full apprenticeship nai rahaa, uske lage uske pahile ke master ke connection nai rahaa, jisse uu  journeyman instrument maker bane sake.

Watt, ii bawaal se bach gais rahaa jab Jamaica se astronomical instruments jiske Alexander MacFarlane, University of Glasgow ke bequeth karis rahaa – instruments jiske maramat kare ke jaruri raha, uske lage aais .Marshall (1925), Chapter 3. Watt iske repair karis aur uske iske khaatirpaisa milaa rahaa. Ii instruments ke baad me  Macfarlane Observatory me install karaa gais rahaa. Baad me, tiin professor log uske, university me ek chhotaa workshop banae ke maukaa diin.  Ii 1757 me suruu bhais rahaa aur dui professors,  physicist aur chemist, Joseph Black aur jaana -maana,  economist Adam Smith, Watt ke dost ban gain.

Suruu me, uu kaam karat rahaa scientific instruments ke repair karnaa, jiske   university me kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa, demonstrations me madat karat rahaa, aur quadrants ke production ke expand karis rahaa. Uu banais aur  brass reflecting quadrants, parallel rulers, scales, parts for telescopes, aur barometers, aur duusra chij ke repair karis rahaa.

Biographers, jaise Samuel Smiles ii daawa kare hae ki  Watt  Glasgow me struggle karis rahaa,  Trades House ke virod ke kaaran, lekin isse duusra itihaasik log sahmat nai hae , jaise Harry Lumsden. Ii time ke records achchhaa nai hae , lekin jab ii clear hae ki  Watt ke virod ke mukaabla kare ke parraa rahaa, fir bhi uu kaam aur veopaar as a  skilled metal worker karte rahaa, ii suggest kare hae ki Incorporation of Hammermen uske kaam se khusi rahaa aur uske   membership ke requirement meet karat rahaa, nai to t Watt uske outright opposition ke safaltaa se avoid kar liis rahaa.

 Duusra websites 
 History of Steam Engines.

References

vibhag:W
Category:Great Britain ke mathematician
Category:Great Britain ke engineer