राज्य-हरण

अंतरराष्ट्रीय कानून में विलय, (Latin ad, to, and nexus, joining), एक राज्य के क्षेत्र पर दूसरे राज्य द्वारा जबरन अधिग्रहण और कानूनी अधिकार का दावा है, जो आमतौर पर क्षेत्र पर सैन्य कब्जे के बाद होता है। : "Annexation is distinct from cession. Instead of a State seeking to relinquish territory, annexation occurs when the acquiring State asserts that it now holds the territory. Annexation will usual follow a military occupation of a territory, when the occupying power decides to cement its physical control by asserting legal title. The annexation of territory is essentially the administrative action associated with conquest. Mere conquest alone is not enough, but rather the conquering State must assert it is now sovereign over the territory concerned. For example, the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 led to their occupation by the United States and allies for a number of years, but the States themselves were not absorbed by the Allied Powers part of their respective territories. Examples of annexation in contemporary practice are not common, and are generally viewed as illegal." वर्तमान अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कानून में, इसे आम तौर पर एक अवैध कार्य माना जाता है। : "Annexation means the forcible acquisition of territory by one State at the expense of another State. It is one of the principal modes of acquiring territory... in contrast to acquisition a) of terra nullius by means of effective occupation accompanied by the intent to appropriate the territory; b) by cession as a result of a treaty concluded between the States concerned (Treaties), or an act of adjudication, both followed by the effective peaceful transfer of territory; c) by means of prescription defined as the legitimization of a doubtful title to territory by passage of time and presumed acquiescence of the former sovereign; d) by accretion constituting the physical process by which new land is formed close to, or becomes attached to, existing land. Under present international law, annexation no longer constitutes a legally admissible mode of acquisition of territory as it violates the prohibition of the threat or use of force. Therefore annexations must not be recognized as legal." विलय एक एकतरफा कार्य है जहां क्षेत्र को जब्त कर लिया जाता है और एक राज्य द्वारा कब्जा कर लिया जाता है,  यह विजय से अलग है,   Kohen, p.288, refers to clause 101 of the PERMANENT COURT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE, 1933, April 5th, General List: No. 43.  और सेशन से अलग है, जिसमें संधि के माध्यम से क्षेत्र दिया या बेचा जाता है।

यदि सामान्यत: अन्य राज्यों और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संगठनों द्वारा स्वीकृत हो, तो विलय को वैध बनाया जा सकता है, जिससे इसे औपचारिकता प्राप्त होती है   : "Annexation is distinct from cession. Instead of a State seeking to relinquish territory, annexation occurs when the acquiring State asserts that it now holds the territory. Annexation will usual follow a military occupation of a territory, when the occupying power decides to cement its physical control by asserting legal title. The annexation of territory is essentially the administrative action associated with conquest. Mere conquest alone is not enough, but rather the conquering State must assert it is now sovereign over the territory concerned. For example, the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 led to their occupation by the United States and allies for a number of years, but the States themselves were not absorbed by the Allied Powers part of their respective territories. Examples of annexation in contemporary practice are not common, and are generally viewed as illegal."

अवैध विलय का मतलब है कि वे राज्य जो इस तरह के कार्यों को करते हैं, वे आमतौर पर इसे विलय शब्द का उपयोग करके अपने कार्यों की विवरण से बचते हैं; इस तरह के अनुबंधों में, जैसे कि इजराइल, मोरक्को और रूस, राज्यों ने अपने कार्यों को इस प्रकार से प्रस्तुत करने में सावधानी बरती है।  
श्रेणी:साम्राज्यवाद
श्रेणी:सम्प्रभुता
श्रेणी:राजनीतिक भूगोल
श्रेणी:अन्तरराष्ट्रीय विधि