सेवा (अर्थशास्त्र)

अर्थशास्त्र में, सेवा (Services) एक ऐसा लेनदेन है जिसमें विक्रेता से खरीदार को कोई भौतिक सामान स्थानांतरित नहीं किया जाता। इस तरह की सेवा का लाभ विनिमय करने के लिए खरीदार की इच्छा द्वारा प्रदर्शित होता है। सार्वजनिक सेवाएं वे हैं जिनके लिए पूरा समाज (राष्ट्र राज्य, वित्तीय संघ या क्षेत्र) भुगतान करता हैं। संसाधनों, कौशल, सरलता और अनुभव का उपयोग करते हुए, सेवा उपभोक्ताओं को सेवा प्रदाता लाभ प्रदान करते हैं। सेवा अमूर्त प्रकृत का है।

दो I 
I के संदर्भ में सेवाओं का वर्णन किया जा सकता है।

Intangibility अर्थात् अमूर्तता

Perishability अर्थात् भंगुरता

Inconsistency (variability) अर्थात् असंगति (परिवर्तनशीलता)

==सेवा की गुणवत्ता (Service quality)

विशिष्टता (Specification)

वितरण (Delivery)

सेवा-वस्तु माल सातत्य (Service-commodity goods continuum)

सेवा के प्रकार (Service types)
नीचे सेवा उद्योगों की एक सूची दी गई है, जिसे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है। अभिभावकीय संकेतन इंगित करते हैं कि कैसे विशिष्ट व्यवसायों और संगठनों को उस हद तक सेवा उद्योगों के रूप में माना जा सकता है जिस हद तक वे एक अमूर्त सेवा प्रदान करते हैं, न कि एक मूर्त वस्तु।

 Business functions (that apply to all organizations in general)
 Consulting
 Customer service
 Human resources administrators (providing services like ensuring that employees are paid accurately)
 Cleaning, patronage, repair and maintenance services
 Gardeners
 Janitors (who provide cleaning services)
 Mechanics
 निर्माण
 Carpentry
 Electricians (offering the service of making wiring work properly)
 Plumbing
 Death care
 Coroners (who provide the service of identifying cadavers and determining time and cause of death)
 Funeral homes (who prepare corpses for public display, cremation or burial)
 Dispute resolution and prevention services
 Arbitration
 Courts of law (who perform the service of dispute resolution backed by the power of the state)
 Diplomacy
 Incarceration (provides the service of keeping criminals out of society)
 Law enforcement (provides the service of identifying and apprehending criminals)
 Lawyers (who perform the services of advocacy and decisionmaking in many dispute resolution and prevention processes)
 Mediation
 Military (performs the service of protecting states in disputes with other states)
 Negotiation (not really a service unless someone is negotiating on behalf of another)
 Education (institutions offering the services of teaching and access to information)
 Library
 Museum
 School
 मनोरंजन (when provided live or within a highly specialized facility)
 Gambling
 Movie theatres (providing the service of showing a movie on a big screen)
 Performing arts productions
 यौन सेवाएं
 Sport
 Television
 Fabric care
 Dry cleaning
 Laundry
 वित्तीय सेवाएँ
 Accountancy
 Banks and building societies (offering lending services and safekeeping of money and valuables)
 Real estate
 Stock brokerages
 Tax services
 Valuation 
 Foodservice industry
 स्वास्थ्य सेवा (all health care professions provide services)
 Hospitality industry
 Information services
 Data processing
 Database services
 Interpreting
 Translation
 Personal grooming
 Body hair removal
 Dental hygienist
 Hairdressing
 Manicurist / pedicurist
 Public utility
 Electric power
 Natural gas
 दूरसंचारs
 Waste management
 Water industry
 Risk management
 Insurance
 Security
 Social services
 Social work
 Childcare
 Elderly care
 Logistics
 Transport
 Warehousing
 Stock management
 Packaging

तृतीयक उत्पाद के आधार पर देशों की सूची


नीचे बाजार की उच्चतम विनिमय दरों पर सेवा उत्पाद के आधार पर देशों की एक सूची दी गई है।

इन्हें भी देखें
 As a service
 Deliverable
 Good (economics)
 Intangible good
 List of economics topics
 Product (economics)
 Services marketing

सन्दर्भ

 Athens University of Economics and Business: Introduction to Services Marketing

 Valerie Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990): SERVQUAL 
 Sharon Dobson: Product and Services Strategy
 John Swearingen: Operations Management - Characteristics of services
 James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons: Service Management - Operations, Strategy, Information Technology 
 Russell Wolak, Stavros Kalafatis, Patricia Harris: An Investigation Into Four Characteristics of Services 
 Sheelagh Matear, Brendan Gray, Tony Garrett, Ken Deans: Moderating Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage - Positional Advantage Relationship 

 Alan Pilkington, Kah Hin Chai, "Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005)," International Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 83–110.

बाहरी कड़ियाँ

श्रेणी:Goods (economics)