माइक्रोसॉफ्ट विंडोज़ के घटकों की सूची

माइक्रोसॉफ्ट विंडोज़ (अंग्रेजी में: Microsoft Windows) के घटकों की सूची निम्नलिखित है-

 Configuration and maintenance 
Component DescriptionIntroducedSettingsWindows 8Control Panel Control Panel Allows users to view and change basic system settings and controls, such as adding hardware, adding and removing software, controlling user accounts, and changing accessibility options Windows 1.0 Device Manager Allows the user to display and control the hardware attached to the computer, and control what device drivers are used Windows 95 Windows Mobility Center Centralizes the most relevant information related to mobile computing Windows Vista Security and Maintenance Centralizes and reports on the status of anti-virus, Automatic Updates, Windows Firewall, and other security-related components of the operating system Windows XP SP2Administrative Tools  Microsoft Management Console Provides system administrators and advanced users with a flexible interface through which they may configure and monitor the system Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack Windows System Assessment Tool Built-in benchmarking tool that analyzes the different subsystems (graphics, memory, etc.), and uses the results to allow for comparison to other Windows Vista systems, and for software optimizations. It rates the computer's performance using the Windows Experience Index. Windows Vista System Restore Allows for the rolling back of system files, registry keys, installed apps, etc., to a previous state in the event of a system failure Windows Me Windows Recovery Environment Helps diagnose and recover from serious errors which may prevent Windows from booting successfully, or restore the computer to a previous state using System Restore or a backup image Windows Vista Microsoft Drive Optimizer Rearranges files stored on a hard disk to occupy contiguous storage locations in order to optimize computer performance Windows 95, Windows 2000 Event Viewer Lets administrators and users view the event logs on a local or remote machine Windows NT 3.1 Resource Monitor(previously Reliability and Performance Monitor) Lets administrators view current system reliability and performance trends over time Windows Vista Logical Disk Manager Logical volume manager developed by Microsoft in conjunction with Veritas Software Windows NT 4.0 (Separate Tool), Windows 2000 Registry Editor Allows users to browse and edit the Windows registry Windows 3.1 Task Scheduler Allows users to script tasks for running during scheduled intervals Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95Software installation and deployment Windows Update An online service providing updates such as service packs, critical updates and device drivers. A variation called Microsoft Update also provides software updates for other Microsoft products. Windows 98 Windows Installer An engine for the management of software installation.  Includes a GUI framework, automatic generation of the uninstallation sequence and deployment capabilities for corporate networks. Windows 2000 ClickOnce Technology for deploying .NET Framework-based software via web pages, with automatic update capabilities.  Intended for per-user only applications. .NET Framework 2.0

 User interface 
Component DescriptionIntroducedAction CenterWindows 10 Version 1507 Windows PowerShell Command-line shell and scripting framework. Windows XP  Windows Shell The most visible and recognizable aspect of Microsoft Windows. The shell provides the container inside of which the entire graphical user interface is presented, including the taskbar, the desktop, Windows Explorer, as well as many of the dialog boxes and interface controls. In Windows Vista, a new compositing glass-like user interface called Windows Aero has been shown. Windows 95  File Explorer(previously Windows Explorer) Provides an interface for accessing the file systems, launching applications, and performing common tasks such as viewing and printing pictures Windows 95 Windows Search Starting with Windows Vista, search is a tightly shell-integrated component of Windows. A downloadable Windows Desktop Search software is available for Windows XP and older versions. Windows Vista, downloadable for older versions Search Folders Virtual folders that retrieve items based on queries rather than hierarchical folder trees on disk. Windows Vista Special Folders Folders which are presented to the user through an interface as an abstract concept, instead of an absolute path. This makes it possible for an application to locate where certain kinds of files can be found, regardless of what version or language of operating system is being used.  See also Windows Shell namespace. Windows 95 Start menu Serves as the central launching point for applications. It provides a customizable, nested list of apps for the user to launch, as well as a list of most recently opened documents, a way to find files and get help, and access to the system settings. By default, the Start Button is visible at all times in the lower left-hand corner of the screen. Windows 95 Taskbar The application desktop bar which is used to launch and monitor applications Windows 1.0Task ViewWindows 10 Version 1507 File associations Used to open a file with the appropriate app. Users can assign file associations uniquely to specific actions, known as verbs. Windows 1.0

Applications and utilities
Component DescriptionIntroduced Easy Transfer Used to transfer many files at once from one computer to another Windows Vista Contacts Keeps a single list of contacts that can be shared by multiple apps Windows Vista Camera  Windows 8 Calculator Calculation application Windows 1.0 Calendar Calendaring application Windows Vista Character Map Utility to view and search characters in a font, copy them to the clipboard and view their Windows Alt keycodes and Unicode names Windows 3.1 Cortana Digital personal assistant Windows 10 Version 1507 EdgeWeb browser Windows 10 Version 1507 Feedback HubPlatform for exchanging communication with Windows Insiders and developersWindows 10 Version 1607 Groove Music(previously Xbox Music) Digital media player and media library application that is used for playing audio. In addition to being a media player, Groove includes the ability to copy music to compact discs, synchronize content with a digital audio player (MP3 player) or other mobile devices, and let users purchase or rent music from the Windows Store. Windows 8 Movies & TV(previously Xbox Video) Digital media player and media library application that is used for playing video. In addition to being a media player, Movies & TV lets users purchase or rent movies and TV episodes from the Windows Store. Windows 8 OneDrive(previously SkyDrive) Freemium cloud storage folder and sync service Windows 8.0 OneNote Integrated note-taking app, based on the Microsoft Office product of the same name Windows 10 Version 1507 On-Screen Keyboard (osk.exe) Virtual keyboard  Paint Simple graphics painting app Windows 1.0 Paint 3D Simple graphics painting app Windows 10 Version 1703 Photos Simple image viewer Windows 8 Steps Recorder(called Problem Steps Recorder in Windows 7)  Windows 7 Windows To Go Utility to create bootable versions of Windows 8 and above Windows 8 Notepad Simple text editor Windows 1.0 Narrator Screen reader utility that reads dialog boxes and window controls in a number of the more basic applications for Windows Windows 2000 Sound Recorder Simple audio recording app that can record from a microphone or headset, and save the results in WAVE format and Windows Media Audio format in some Windows versions Windows 3.0 Multimedia Extensions Skype Messaging and calling service Windows 8.1, downloadable for previous versions Sticky Notes Tool for jotting notes on the desktop Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Command Prompt Text-based shell (command line interpreter) that provides a command line interface to the operating system Windows NT 3.1 WordPad Simple word processor that is more advanced than Notepad. It has facilities to format and print text, but lacks intermediate features such as a spell checker and thesaurus. Windows 95 Private Character Editor Utility to create private use characters as defined under Unicode and various East Asian encoding schemes  Windows 3.1 East Asian editions Remote Desktop Connection Client implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol; allows a user to securely connect to a computer running Terminal Services (Remote Desktop on Windows XP and Server 2003) and interact with a full desktop environment on that machine, including support for remoting of printers, audio, and drives. Windows XP, downloadable for previous Windows versions Remote Assistance Allows a user to temporarily take over a remote computer over a network or the internet to offer help with and resolve issues Windows XP Mobility Center Allows a user to adjust settings related to mobile computing Windows Vista Speech Recognition Allows a user to input voice commands Windows Vista Internet Explorer Web browser and FTP client. See also: Internet Explorer versions, Features, History,  Removal, Browser Helper Objects Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 IExpress Allows users to create self-extracting, self-installing INF installation-based packages Internet Explorer 6 Xbox Console Companion(previously Xbox and Xbox Games) Account manager for Xbox Live user accounts and a screen recording tool Windows 8Xbox Game BarWindows 10 May 2019 Update (Version 1903) Magnifier Screen enlargement app Windows 98 Fax and Scan Integrated faxing and image scanning application Windows Vista, older faxing and scanning applications were present in previous Windows versions Windows Media Player Digital media player and media library application that is used for playing audio, playing video and viewing images. In addition to being a media player, Windows Media Player includes the ability to rip music from, and copy music to compact discs, synchronize content with a digital audio player (MP3 player) or other mobile devices, and let users purchase or rent music from a number of online music stores. Downloadable for Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 98 Photo Viewer Simple image viewer that can play a simple slideshow Windows 7 Mail Email aggregator Windows 8.0 Maps Map viewer that allows users to look for locations, plan routes, and store offline maps  Windows 8 Media Center Designed to serve as a home-entertainment hub, to be viewed from a distance up to 3 meters (~10 feet) and controlled by specially designed remote controls. Lets users browse and view pictures, videos, and music from local hard drives, optical drives, and network locations, along with viewing, recording and deferred-playing live TV. Features an interactive TV guide with scheduled recording capabilities. Can also be used for visualization of other information (like sports scores) within the interface. Windows XP Media Center Edition Task Manager Provides information about computer performance and displays details about running applications, processes, network activity, logged-in users, and system services Windows 3.0 Disk Cleanup Utility for compacting rarely used files and removing files that are no longer required Windows 98 Snipping Tool Screen-capture tool that allows for taking screenshots (called snips) Experience Pack for Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005Microsoft Store(previously Windows Store)Initially known as Windows Store, it started as an app store for Windows 8. In Windows 10, it expanded into a broad digital distribution platform for apps, games, music, digital video and e-books. In 2017, it was renamed Microsoft Store and started offering hardware in United States, Canada and United Kingdom.Windows 8 MSN apps Provide information from MSN web services Windows 8 Alarms & Clock(pre Alarms) App that allows Windows users to set alarms, stopwatches, timers, and view a world clock  Windows 8Windows Security(previously Windows Defender Security Center)Windows 10 Version 1703 Solitaire Collection Set of solitaire card games Windows 10 Version 1507

 Windows Server components 
Component DescriptionSupported by Active Directory A set of technologies introduced with Windows 2000 that allows administrators to assign enterprise-wide policies, deploy apps to many computers, and apply critical updates to an entire organization. Active Directory stores information and settings relating to an organization in a central, organized, accessible database. Networks can vary from a small installation with a few objects, to global-scale directories with millions of objects.   Related topics: Domain controller, Flexible single master operation Windows 2000 and later server versions Group Policy Provides centralized management of user and computer settings in an Active Directory environment. Group policy can control a target object's registry, NTFS security, audit and security policy, software installation, logon/logoff scripts, folder redirection, and Internet Explorer settings. Policy settings are stored in Group Policy Objects (GPOs), and may be linked to one or more sites, domains or organizational units.   Related topics: Administrative Templates Windows 2000 and later Internet Information Services Web server Windows NT family

File systems
Component DescriptionSupported by FAT12, FAT16 The original file systems used with MS-DOS.  The standard file systems used with Windows 1.0 through Windows 95. All versions FAT32 Extensions to FAT supporting larger disk sizes.  The standard file system for Windows 98 and Me. Windows 95 OSR2 and later versions NTFS Standard file system of Windows NT; supports security via access control lists, as well as file system journaling and file-system metadata.  Windows 2000 added support for reparse points (making NTFS junction points and Single instance storage possible), Hard links, file compression, and Sparse files.  Encryption of data is provided by Encrypting File System.  Symbolic links and transactioning of file operations via Transactional NTFS are features new to Windows Vista.
Although Windows 9x operating systems cannot read or write NTFS formatted disks, they can access the data over a network if it is shared by a computer running Windows NT. Windows NT (all versions) ISO 9660 (CDFS) The predominant file system for CD-ROM and DVD-ROM media. Windows includes support for Joliet extensions and the ISO 9660:1999 standard. ISO 9660:1999 is supported since Windows XP. MS-DOS and Windows 9x via extensions, such as MSCDEX.EXE (Microsoft CDROM Extension), natively in Windows NT Universal Disk Format (UDF) A file system for storing files on optical media. It is an implementation of the ISO/IEC 13346 standard (also known as ECMA-167). It is considered to be a replacement of ISO 9660.  Successive versions of Windows have supported newer versions of UDF. Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista HPFS High-Performance File system, used on OS/2 computers. Read and write capability in Windows 95 (where it also listed network computer NTFS-formatted drives as "HPFS", even though it had no direct NTFS capabilities). HPFS write support was dropped in Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 98, and dropped altogether shortly before the release of Windows 2000. Windows 95 (Read/write), Windows 98, Windows NT (read), 3.1/3.51 (read/write/boot) ReFS A newer file system, based on NTFS. This system adds built-in integrity checking and removes the need for chkdsk, among other features. The maximum partition size is 1 YB. Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1

 Core components 
ComponentAcronym DescriptionWindows kernel (Windows NT) Ntoskrnl.exe  The Windows kernel image. Provides the kernel and executive layers of the kernel architecture, and is responsible for services such as hardware virtualization, process and memory management, etc. hal.dll HAL Provides and handles the interaction between software and hardware via the Hardware Abstraction Layer. kernel32.dll  This application provides kernel operations to apps in the Win32 mode, like memory management, I/Os, process creation, etc.Core processes (Windows NT) System idle process SIP A counter which measures how much idle capacity the CPU has at any given time. The process runs in the background and monitors processing bandwidth, occupied memory and the Windows virtual paging file. Session Manager Subsystem SMSS Performs several critical boot-time operations, such as the creation of environment variables, starting CSRSS, and performing file-copy operations that were queued up from before the system was booted (pending file rename operations). During system operation, it handles Windows File Protection and the creation of logon sessions via Winlogon. Client/Server Runtime Subsystem CSRSS User-mode side of the Win32 subsystem.  Provides the capability for applications to use the Windows API. Local Security Authority Subsystem Service LSASS Responsible for enforcing the security policy on the system.  Verifies users logging on to the computer and creates security tokens.  Winlogon  Responsible for handling the secure attention key, loading the user profile on logon, and optionally locking the computer when a screensaver is running.  On Windows NT systems prior to Windows Vista, Winlogon is also responsible for loading GINA libraries which are responsible collecting logon credentials from the user. Svchost.exe  A generic host process name for services that run from dynamic-link libraries (DLLs). Several Svchost processes are typically present on a Windows machine, each running in a different security context, depending on what privileges the contained services require. Windows on Windows and WOW64 WoW An abstraction layer that allows legacy code to operate on more modern versions of Windows; typically this means running 16-bit Windows applications on 32-bit Windows, and 32-bit applications on 64-bit Windows. Virtual DOS machine NTVDM Allows MS-DOS apps to run on Intel 80386 or higher computers when there is already another operating system running and controlling the hardware.  Introduced in Windows 2.1; not available in any 64-bit edition of Windows.System startup (Windows NT) NTLDR, IA64ldr, Winload  The boot loader; performs basic system initialization options such as loading the hardware abstraction layer and boot-time device drivers, prior to passing control to the Windows kernel.  In versions prior to Vista, NTLDR and IA64ldr also display menus to the user if multiple operating systems are defined in boot.ini, or if F8 is pressed. Recovery Console  Provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command line interface, primarily to aid in recovering from situations where Windows does not boot successfully. ntdetect.com  Used during the boot process to detect basic hardware components that may be required during the boot process Windows Boot Manager  In Windows Vista and later operating systems, displays boot menus to the user if multiple operating systems are configured in the system's Boot Configuration Data.Graphical subsystem Desktop Window Manager DWM The compositing manager introduced in Windows Vista that handles compositing and manages special effects on screen objects in a graphical user interface Graphics Device Interface GDI/GDI+ The kernel graphics component for representing graphical objects and transmitting them to output devices such as monitors and printers Windows USER  The Windows USER component provides core user interface, messaging and visual elements 

 Services 

This list is not all-inclusive.
Display nameService key name DescriptionIntroduced Active Directory Service NTDS Network Authentication Management Windows 2000 Server Alerter service Alerter Sends administrative alerts over the network to client computers, administrators and users Windows NT Application LayerGateway service ALG Provides support for plugins that allow network protocols to pass through Windows Firewall and work behind Internet Connection Sharing  Windows 2000 Application Experience service  Processes application compatibility cache requests for applications as they launch  Application Management AppMgmt Processes requests to enumerate, install, and remove applications that are installed on the computer or deployed through an organization's network Windows 2000 Background IntelligentTransfer Service BITS Transfers files between machines using idle network bandwidth. Used by Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, and Systems Management Server to deliver software updates to clients, as well as by Windows Messenger. Windows XP Computer Browser Browser Crawls neighboring computers on the network and locates shared resources. One of the computers acts as the Master Browser and supplies this information to other computers designated as browsers. Windows for Workgroups Delivery Optimization DoSvc A peer-to-peer distribution service that downloads Windows updates and Microsoft Store apps from the local network or Internet peers, and redistributes them to others. Can be configured using either the Settings app or Group Policy. The Settings app can turn it on or off, and specify whether the service operates on the local network only, downloads from and uploads to the Internet peers as well. Group Policy allows finer control. Delivery Optimization relies on a centralized web service that does not index contents under 10 MB. Computers without Internet access cannot use Delivery Optimization. Windows 10 Anniversary Update Distributed Link Tracking TrkWks, TrkSrv Used to track links to files on NTFS volumes. Windows uses these services to find linked files if they are renamed or moved (locally or to another machine). Windows 2000 Distributed TransactionCoordinator MSDTC Allows transactional components to be configured through COM+ by coordinating transactions that are distributed across multiple computers and/or resource managers, such as databases, message queues, file systems, and other transaction–based resource managers. Windows 2000 and later NT-based DNS Client DNSCache Resolves and caches domain names (e.g. “en.wikipedia.org”) to IP addresses Windows 2000 Event Log EventLog Stores and retrieves events that can be viewed in the event viewer. Part of services.exe. Windows NT Extensible Authentication Protocol EAPHost Provides EAP authentication to connecting clients Windows 2000 Indexing Service CISVC Indexes contents and properties of files on local and remote computers; provides rapid access to files through flexible querying language. Windows 2000 and later NT-based Interactive Services Detection UI0Detect For compatibility; when a service-displayed user interface is detected, it gives the user an option to switch to Session0 to see it Windows Vista Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) SharedAccess When enabled, it allows other computers on the local network to access an internet connection that is available to the host computer Windows 2000;"Windows 2000 Professional and Server Service Pack 4 Services Configuration by Black Viper" , notice that the service is listed on this page. Retrieved April 2013 Windows Vista onward"Windows Firewall" . Retrieved April 2013 Network Location Awareness NLA Manages network configurations and information, and notifies applications of changes Windows XP Network Store Interface Service NSIS Collects routing information of active network interfaces, shares this with other services and notifies applications of changes Windows XP NTLM Security Support Provider NTLMSSP Uses the NTLM MS-CHAP protocol to encapsulate and negotiate options in order to provide signed and sealed communication. Deprecated now in favor of Kerberos authentication. Windows NT Peer Name Resolution Protocol PNRPSvc Resolves domain names using Peer Name Resolution Protocol Windows XP Plug and Play PlugPlay Enables autodetection and configuration of hardware Windows 2000  Spooler Manages printer devices and moves files into memory for printing Windows 95, Windows NT Remote Procedure Call (RPC) RpcSs Provides Remote Procedure Call features via remotely accessible Named Pipes Windows NT family Routing and Remote Access Service RRAS  API and server software that enables applications to administer the routing and remote-access service capabilities of the operating system, to function as a network router. Windows 2000 Secondary Logon SecLogon Allows users to run apps with a different account than the one they logged in with. Allows non-administrative accounts to perform administrative tasks. Security Accounts Manager SamSs Manages user account security information Windows NT family System Event Notification Service SENS Monitors system events, such as network, power, logon, logoff, terminal services session connection and disconnection, and delivers these to applications and other system components. Windows 2000 Superfetch SysMain Monitors file usage patterns and boosts system speed by caching frequently accessed files to RAM"Myth Busted: Why Disabling SuperFetch on Vista and Windows 7 Is a Bad Idea", retrieved April 2013 Windows Vista Task Scheduler Schedule Lets users setup and schedule automated tasks Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper LmHosts Enables support for NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) service and NetBIOS name resolution Windows NT family Volume Shadow Copy VSS Creates multiple versions of files that change. The ability to store persistent snapshots was added in Windows Server 2003.  Windows XP Windows Audio AudioSrv Manages audio devices for Windows-based apps. Controls all audio functions. Windows XP Windows Error Reporting WERSvc Generates error logs and reports errors. On Windows Vista and later, it notifies of solutions. Windows XP Windows Firewall MpsSvc Blocks unauthorized network connections to and from the computer Windows Vista Windows Firewall(née Internet Connection Sharing) SharedAccess Provides a simple firewall feature which was introduced in Windows XP. It also shares the internet on the local network, if the internet connection sharing feature is turned on."Windows Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)" , Retrieved April 2013 Windows XP only"Windows 2000 Professional and Server Service Pack 4 Services Configuration by Black Viper" , Notice the absence of the service on this page. Retrieved April 2013"Windows Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)" , Notice that XP is the operating system listed. Retrieved April 2013 Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) STISvc Handles scanner and camera inputs Windows Me Windows Time W32Time Synchronizes the system time with external time servers. From Windows Server 2003 forward, full and compliant NTP support is provided. Windows 2000 Windows Update WUAUServ Provides updates for the operating system and its installed components Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration WZCSvc (XP), WLANSvc Configures and manages 802.11 wireless adapters Windows XP, Server 2003 only Windows Messenger service Messenger Allows users to send pop-up messages to other computers over the network Windows NT family WebClient  Enables Windows-based apps to create and interact with  Internet-based files Windows XP

 DirectX 
 Direct3D
 DirectDraw
 DirectInput
 DirectMusic
 DirectPlay
 DirectShow
 DirectSound
 DirectX Media Objects
 DirectX plugin
 DirectX Video Acceleration

 Networking 
 Administrative share
 Distributed File System
 My Network Places (formerly Network Neighborhood)
 Network Access Protection
 Remote Installation Services
 Server Message Block
 Windows Rights Management Services

Scripting and command-line
 Batch file
 CHKDSK
 Cmd.exe
 ComSpec
 Ipconfig
 Net / Net Send
 Netdom.exe: Windows Domain Manager
 Netsh
 Netstat
 QBasic
 Regsvr32
 Robocopy
 Win32 console
 Windows Script Host
 Windows PowerShell
 XCOPY

 Kernel 
 Commit charge
 Kernel Transaction Manager
 Win32 Thread Information Block

 .NET Framework 
 Assembly
 CLI Languages
 Metadata
 .NET Remoting
 ADO.NET
 ASP.NET
 Base Class Library
 Common Intermediate Language
 Common Language Infrastructure
 Common Language Runtime
 Common Type System
 Virtual Execution System
 Windows CardSpace
 Windows Communication Foundation
 Windows Forms
 Windows Presentation Foundation
 Windows Workflow Foundation

Security
 Component Description  Introduced  AppLocker Policy-based component that enables or disables execution of software based on rules such as location, properties and digital signature Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate editionsWindows Server 2008 R2 BitLocker Drive Encryption Disk encryption software, designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes Windows Vista Enterprise and Ultimate editions,Windows Server 2008 Credential Guard Virtualization-based isolation of stored credentials to prevent theft and pass-the-hash attacks. Windows 10 Enterprise, Education, IoT Enterprise, or ,Windows Server 2016 Data Execution Prevention Security feature that is intended to prevent an application or service from executing code from a non-executable memory region Windows XP Service Pack 2 Encrypting File System File system driver that provides file system-level encryption Windows 2000 Security Account Manager Database stored as a registry file Windows NT 3.1 SYSKEY Utility that encrypts the hashed password information in a SAM database using a 128-bit encryption key Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 3 User Account Control Technology and security infrastructure utility that aims to improve the security of Microsoft Windows by limiting application software to standard user privileges until an administrator authorizes an increase Windows Vista,Windows Server 2008 Windows Firewall  Utility designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. An earlier edition known as Internet Connection Firewall that was disabled by default was included with the original Windows XP release. Windows XP Service Pack 2 Windows Defender Security utility to prevent, remove and quarantine malware (viruses, Trojan horses, etc.) Downloadable for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Windows Resource Protection Protects Registry keys and folders in addition to critical system files Windows Vista

 Deprecated components and apps 
 Component Description  Category  Introduced  Last OS included Superseded by  3D Pinball Pinball game Game Plus! 95 for Windows 95 Windows XP  ActiveMovie Streaming media technology API Windows 95 Windows Me DirectShow Cardfile Personal information manager Personal organizer Windows 1.0 Windows Me Outlook Express, Windows Mail, or Windows Live Mail Chess Titans Chess game Game Windows Vista Windows 7 Microsoft Chess DriveSpace Disk compression utility Data compression MS-DOS Windows Me  Windows DVD Maker DVD authoring software VideoWindows Vista Windows 7  File Manager File manager app File manager Windows 3.0 Windows Me Windows Explorer FreeCell FreeCell game Game Win32s Windows 7 Microsoft Solitaire Collection Hearts Version of the Hearts game using Black Lady scoring Game Windows for Workgroups 3.11 Windows 7 Microsoft HeartsInsider HubWindows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1511Feedback Hub Windows Help and Support Online and offline reference manual for troubleshooting.  Utility Windows Me Windows 8.1 Tips app or Get Started HyperTerminal Communication utility based on a low end version of HyperACCESS Communication Windows 95 Windows XP  Hold 'Em Version of the Texas hold 'em game Game Windows Vista Windows Vista  Hover! Video game in a combination of bumper cars and capture the flag Game Windows 95 Windows 95  InkBall Game where the user tries to get colored balls into the correct holes Game Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows Vista  Mahjong Titans Version of the Mahjong solitaire game Game Windows Vista Windows 7 Microsoft Mahjong Windows Mail E-mail client E-mail Windows Vista Windows Vista Mail (Windows) Internet Mail and News E-mail and news client E-mail Windows 95 Windows 95 Outlook Express, Windows Mail, or Windows Live Mail Minesweeper Version of the minesweeper game Game Microsoft Entertainment Pack, Windows 3.1 Windows 7 Microsoft Minesweeper Media Control Interface An app that can play media files and record sound by passing commands as strings. API Windows 3.0 Windows Me  Media Player Digital media player app Media player  Windows 3.0 Multimedia Extensions Windows XP Windows Media Player, Movies & TV, or Groove Music Microsoft Calendar Calendaring app Personal organizer Windows 1.0 Windows 3.1 Windows Calendar, Windows Live Mail, or the Calendar app for Windows Microsoft Diagnostics Tool that provides detailed technical information about user's software and hardware Diagnostics MS-DOS Plus! 95 for Windows 95 Microsoft System Information Microsoft Fax Faxing app Fax Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Fax and Scan Windows Help Documentation browser that used a proprietary format  Online help Windows 3.0 Windows XP Microsoft HelpWindows FeedbackWindows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1511Feedback Hub NTBackup Built-in backup app Backup Downloadable for Windows NT 4.0 Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 Backup and Restore, Windows Server Backup Outlook Express E-mail client E-mail Internet Explorer 4 Windows XP Windows Mail or Windows Live Mail Program Manager Shell composed of a task-oriented graphical user interface, consisting of icons (shortcuts for apps) arranged into app groups. GUI Windows 3.0 Windows XP Windows Explorer Purble Place Educational game for children, teaching pattern recognition, shapes, and colors Game Windows Vista Windows 7  Reader e-book reader e-book reader Windows 8 Windows 10 Creators Update Microsoft Edge (PDF), XPS Viewer (XPS), Photos (TIFF) Reversi Version of Reversi. Game Windows 1.0 Windows 3.0 Internet Reversi only on Windows Me and Windows XP Solitaire Klondike Solitaire game Game Windows 3.0 Windows 7 Microsoft Solitaire Collection Spider Solitaire Spider Solitaire game Game Microsoft Plus! 98 Windows 7 Microsoft Solitaire Collection System File Checker Utility that allows users to scan for and restore corruptions in Windows system files Security Windows 98 Windows Server 2003 Windows Resource Protection Tinker Puzzle game in which the player controls a robot through various mazes and obstacle courses Game Windows Vista Windows Vista  Video for Windows Multimedia framework API Windows 3.1 Windows 95 DirectShow Windows Address Book List of contacts that can be shared by multiple apps Contact manager Internet Explorer 3 Windows XP Windows Contacts, People, or Windows Live Mail Windows Desktop Gadgets Widget engine for Microsoft Gadgets User interface Windows Vista Windows 7 Live tiles Windows File Protection Sub-system in the operating system, aims to prevent apps from replacing critical Windows system files. Security Windows Me as System File Protection Windows XP Windows Resource Protection Windows Journal Notetaking application that allows for the creation of handwritten notes AccessoriesWindows XP Tablet PC EditionWindows 10 Threshold 2General improvements in Ink API Windows Messaging E-mail client E-mail Windows 95 Windows 95 Internet Mail and News, Windows Mail, or Windows Live Mail Windows Messenger Instant messaging client Internet messaging Windows XP Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 Windows Live Messenger or Skype Windows Movie Maker Non-linear video editing software Video Windows Me Windows Vista Windows Live Movie Maker or Microsoft Photos Windows NetMeeting Video conferencing client  Web conference Windows 95 OSR2 Windows XP Windows Meeting Space Windows Photo Gallery Image organizer Photo Windows Vista Windows Vista Windows Live Photo Gallery or Microsoft Photos Windows Picture and Fax Viewer Image viewer Photo Windows XP Windows XP Windows Photo Gallery, Windows Fax and Scan, Windows Live Photo Gallery, Windows Photo Viewer, or Microsoft Photos Windows Write Simple word processor Word processor Windows 1.0 Windows NT 3.51 WordPad

APIs
 ClearType
 Media Foundation
 Windows Driver Foundation
 Windows Imaging Component
 Windows Management Instrumentation

Miscellaneous (to be categorized)
 ActiveSync
 Compatibility Appraiser collects telemetry information.
 DMRC (Device Metadata Retrieval Client) interfaces to metadata about devices from Windows 7 onwards.Compare: 
 I/O technologies
 Macro Recorder
 Microsoft Agent
 Prefetcher
 ReadyBoost
 Sync Center
 Text Services Framework
 Universal Audio Architecture
 Windows Color System
 Windows Diagnostic Infrastructure (WDI)
 Windows Mobile Device Center
 Windows Rally
 Windows Registry
 Windows Speech Recognition
 XML Paper Specification

 इन्हें भी देखें 
 List of Microsoft topics
 List of Unix daemons

 सन्दर्भ 

Windows