सम्प्रभु राज्य

कहते हैं, एक जन समूह को, जिनकी एक पहचान होती है, जो कि उन्हें उस राष्ट्र से जोङती है। इस परिभाषा से तात्पर्य है कि वह जन समूह साधारणतः समान भाषा, धर्म, इतिहास, नैतिक आचार, या मूल उद्गम से होता है।

‘राजृ-दीप्तो’ अर्थात ‘राजृ’ धातु से कर्म में ‘ष्ट्रन्’ प्रत्यय करने से संस्कृत में राष्ट्र शब्द बनता है अर्थात विविध संसाधनों से समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक पहचान वाला देश ही एक राष्ट्र होता है | देश शब्द की उत्पत्ति "दिश" यानि दिशा या देशांतर से हुआ जिसका अर्थ भूगोल और सीमाओं से है | देश विभाजनकारी अभिव्यक्ति है जबकि राष्ट्र, जीवंत, सार्वभौमिक, युगांतकारी और हर विविधताओं को समाहित करने की क्षमता रखने वाला एक दर्शन है |

सामान्य अर्थों में राष्ट्र शब्द देश का पर्यायवाची बन जाता है, जहाँ कुछ असार्वभौमिक राष्ट्र, जिन्होंने अपनी पहचान जुङने के बाद, पृथक सार्वभौमिकिता बनाए रखी है। एक राष्ट्र कई राज्यों में बँटा हो सकता है तथा वे एक निर्धारित भौगोलिक क्षेत्र में रहते हैं, जिसे राष्ट्र कहा जाता है। देश को अपने रहेने वालों का रक्षा करना है।

 सम्प्रभु राष्ट्र 
नाम अँग्रेजी में संक्षिप्त नामआधिकारिक नाम (अँग्रेजी / मूल)संक्षिप्त नाम (मूल सरकारी नाम) :en:AfghanistanIslamic Republic of Afghanistanد افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریتDa Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyatجمهوری اسلامی افغانستانJomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye AfġānistānPushtu: Afġānistān / افغانستانDari: Afġānestān / افغانستان :en:AlbaniaRepublic of AlbaniaRepublika e ShqipëriseAlbanian: Shqipëria :en:AlgeriaPeople's Democratic Republic of Algeriaالجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبيةAl-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazā’irīyahad-Dīmuqrāţīyah ash-Sha’bīyahअरबी: Al-Jazā'ir / الجمهورية الجزائرية :en:AndorraPrincipality of AndorraPrincipat d'AndorreCatalan: AndorraFrench: Andorre :en:AngolaRepublic of AngolaRepública de AngolaPortugese: Angola :en:Antigua and Barbuda4Antigua and Barbudaअंग्रेज़ी: Antigua and Barbuda :en:Argentina3Argentine Nation or Argentine RepublicRepública ArgentinaSpanish: Argentina :en:ArmeniaRepublic of ArmeniaՀայաստանի ՀանրապետությունHayastani Hanrapetut'yunArmenian: Hayastan / Հայաստան :en:Australia3Commonwealth of Australiaअंग्रेज़ी: Australia :en:Austria4Republic of AustriaRepublik ÖsterreichGerman: Österreich :en:Azerbaijan1, 4Republic of AzerbaijanAzərbaycan RespublikasıAzeri: Azərbaycan :en:The BahamasCommonwealth of the Bahamasअंग्रेज़ी: The Bahamas :en:BahrainKingdom of Bahrainمملكة البحرينMamlakat al Bahraynअरबी: al-Baḥrayn / بحرين :en:BangladeshPeople's Republic of Bangladeshগণ প্রজাতঁত্রী বাংলাদেশGana Prajātantrī BānglādeshBengali: Banglādeś / বাংলাদেশ  :en:BarbadosBarbadosअंग्रेज़ी: Barbados :en:BelarusRepublic of BelarusРэспу́бліка Белару́сьRespublika BiełaruśBelarusian: Bjelarúś / Белару́сьRussian: Bjelorússija / Белору́ссия :en:BelgiumKingdom of BelgiumKoninkrijk BelgiëRoyaume de BelgiqueKönigreich BelgienDutch: BelgiëFrench: BelgiqueGerman: Belgien :en:BelizeBelizeअंग्रेज़ी: Belize :en:BeninRepublic of BeninFrench: Bénin :en:BhutanKingdom of BhutanJonghka: Druk Yul :en:BoliviaRepublic of BoliviaSpanish: Bolivia :en:Bosnia and Herzegovina4Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и ХерцеговинаSerbian and Croatian: idem :en:BotswanaRepublic of BotswanaTswana: Botswanaअंग्रेज़ी: Botswana :en:Brazil3Federative Republic of BrazilPortuguese: Brasil :en:BruneiBrunei DarussalamMalay: Brunei :en:BulgariaRepublic of BulgariaBulgarian: Bălgarija / България :en:Burkina FasoBurkina FasoFrench: Burkina Faso :en:BurundiRepublic of BurundiKirundi: UburundiFrench: Burundi :en:CambodiaKingdom of CambodiaCambodian: Kampuchea / កម្ពុជា :en:CameroonRepublic of CameroonFrench: Camerounअंग्रेज़ी: Cameroon :en:Canada3Canadaअंग्रेज़ी: CanadaFrench: Canada :en:Cape VerdeRepublic of Cape VerdePortugese: Cabo Verde :en:Central African RepublicCentral African RepublicFrench: République CentrafricaineSango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka :en:ChadRepublic of ChadFrench: Tchadअरबी: Tašād / تشاد :en:ChileRepublic of ChileRepública de ChileSpanish: Chile China (PRC)4People's Republic of ChinaChinese: Zhōngguó / 中國 :en:ColombiaRepublic of ColombiaSpanish: Colombia :en:Comoros3Union of the ComorosFrench: ComoresComorian: Komoriअरबी: Qumur / قمر Congo-KinshasaDemocratic Republic of CongoFrench: Congo Congo-BrazzavilleRepublic of CongoFrench: Congo :en:Costa RicaRepublic of Costa RicaSpanish: Costa Rica :en:Côte d'Ivoire10Republic of Côte d'IvoreFrench: Côte d'Ivoire :en:CroatiaRepublic of CroatiaCroatian: Hrvatska :en:CubaRepublic of CubaSpanish: Cuba :en:Cyprus1Republic of CyprusGreek: Kypros / ΚυπροςTurkish: Kıbrıs  :en:Czech Republic12Czech RepublicCzech: Česko :en:Denmark2Kingdom of DenmarkDanish: Danmark :en:DjiboutiRepublic of DjiboutiFrench:Djiboutiअरबी: Jibuti / جيبوتي :en:DominicaCommonwealth of Dominicaअंग्रेज़ी: Dominica:en:Dominican RepublicDominican RepublicSpanish: República Dominicana :en:East TimorDemocratic Republic of East TimorTetum: Timor Lorosa'ePortuguese: Timor-Leste  :en:EcuadorRepublic of EcuadorSpanish: Ecuador :en:EgyptArab Republic of Egyptअरबी: al-Mişr / مصر :en:El SalvadorRepublic of El SalvadorSpanish: El Salvador :en:Equatorial GuineaRepublic of Equatorial GuineaSpanish: Guinea Ecuatorial :en:EritreaState of EritreaHagere Ertraሃገረ ኤርትራدولة إرترياDawlat Iritriyaतिग्रिन्या भाषा: Ertra - ኤርትራIrītriyā /अरबी: إريتريا :en:EstoniaRepublic of EstoniaEstonian: Eesti :en:Ethiopia3Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaAmharic: Ityop'ia / ኢትዮጵያ :en:Fiji4Republic of the Fiji Islandsअंग्रेज़ी: FijiFijian: Viti :en:Finland4Republic of FinlandFinnish: SuomiSwedish: Finland :en:France2French RepublicFrench: France :en:GabonGabonese RepublicFrench: Gabon :en:The GambiaRepublic of the Gambiaअंग्रेज़ी: The Gambia Georgia1,4GeorgiaGeorgian: Sak'art'velo / საქართველო :en:Germany3Federal Republic of GermanyGerman: Deutschland :en:GhanaRepublic of Ghanaअंग्रेज़ी: Ghana :en:Greece4Greek RepublicGreek:'Ellas / 'Eλλας :en:Grenada4 Grenadaअंग्रेज़ी: Grenada :en:GuatemalaRepublic of GuatemalaSpanish: Guatemala :en:GuineaRepublic of GuineaFrench: Guinée:en:Guinea-BissauRepublic of Guinea-BissauPortuguese: Guiné-Bissau:en:Guyana
|Co-operative Republic of Guyana
|अंग्रेज़ी: Guyana
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|French: HaïtiHaitian Creole: Ayiti
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|Spanish: Honduras
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|Hungarian: Magyarország
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|:en:Iceland|Republic of Iceland
|Icelandic: Ísland
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|:en:India3
|Republic of India
|Hindi: Bharat / भारतअंग्रेज़ी: India
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|:en:Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia
|Indonesian: Indonesia
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|:en:Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran
|Farsi: Īrān / ایران
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|:en:Iraq|Republic of Iraq
|अरबी: Al-ʿĪrāq / العیراقKurdish: ʿÎraq / عیراق
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|Ireland, Republic of|Republic of Ireland
|अंग्रेज़ी: IrelandIrish: Éire
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|:en:Israel|State of Israelמְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵלMedīnat Yisrā'elدَوْلَةُ إِسْرَائِيلَDawlat Isrā'īl
|Hebrew: Yisra'el / ישראלअरबी: Isra'il / اسرائيل
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|:en:Italy|Italian Republic
|Italian: Italia
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|:en:Jamaica|Jamaica
|अंग्रेज़ी: Jamaica
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|:en:Japan|Japan
|Japanese: Nihon-koku / 日本国
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|:en:Jordan|Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
|अरबी: Al-Urdun / الاردن
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|:en:Kazakhstan|Republic of Kazakhstan
|Kazakh: Qazaqstan / ҚазақстанRussian: Kazachstan / Казахстан
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|:en:Kenya|Republic of Kenya
|अंग्रेज़ी: KenyaSwahili: Kenya
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|:en:Kiribati|Republic of Kiribati
|Kiribati: Kiribatiअंग्रेज़ी: Kiribati
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|Korea (North)
|Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|Korean: Chosŏn / 조선
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|Korea (South)
|Republic of Korea
|Korean: Hanguk / 대한
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|:en:Kuwait|State of Kuwait
|अरबी: Al-Kuwayt / الكويت
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|:en:Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz Republic
|Kyrgyz: Kyrgyzstan / КыргызстанRussian: Kyrgyzstan / Кыргызстан
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|:en:Laos|Lao People's Democratic Republic
|Laotian: Lao / ນລາວ
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|:en:Latvia|Republic of Latvia
|Latvian: Latvija
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|:en:Lebanon|Republic of Lebanon
|अरबी: Lubnān / لبنان
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|:en:Lesotho|Kingdom of Lesotho
|अंग्रेज़ी: LesothoSotho: Lesotho
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|:en:Liberia|Republic of Liberia
|अंग्रेज़ी: Liberia
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|:en:Libya|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|अरबी: Lībiyyah / ليبية
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|:en:Liechtenstein|Principality of Liechtenstein
|German: Liechtenstein
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|:en:Lithuania|Republic of Lithuania
|Lithuanian: Lietuva
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|:en:Luxembourg|Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
|Luxembourgian: LëtzebuergFrench: LuxembourgGerman: Luxemburg
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|Macedonia (FYROM)5
|Republic of Macedonia
|Macedonian: Makedonija / МакедонијаAlbanian: Maqedoni
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|:en:Madagascar|Republic of Madagascar
|Malagasy: MadagasikaraFrench: Madagascar
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|:en:Malawi|Republic of Malawi
|अंग्रेज़ी: MalawiChewa: Malaŵi 
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|:en:Malaysia3 
|Federation of Malaysia
|Malay: Malaysia
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|:en:Maldives|Republic of Maldives
|Divehi: Divehi Rājje / ގުޖޭއްރާ ޔާއްރިހޫމްޖު
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|:en:Mali|Republic of Mali
|French: Mali
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|:en:Malta|Republic of Malta
|Maltese: Malta
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|:en:Marshall Islands|Republic of the Marshall Islands
|अंग्रेज़ी: Marshall Islands
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|:en:Mauritania|Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|अरबी: Mūrītāniyyah / موريتانيةFrench: Mauritanie
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|:en:Mauritius|Republic of Mauritius
|अंग्रेज़ी: MauritiusFrench: Maurice 
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|United Mexican States
|Spanish: México
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|Micronesia3
|Federated States of Micronesia
|अंग्रेज़ी: Micronesia
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|:en:Moldova1,4
|Republic of Moldova
|Romanian/Moldovan: MoldovaRussian: Moldova / Молдова
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|:en:Monaco|Principality of Monaco
|French: Monaco
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|:en:Mongolia|Mongolia
|Mongolian: Mongol Uls / Монгол Улс
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|Kingdom of Moroccoالمملكة المغربيةal-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya
|अरबी: al-Maġrib / مغرب
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|:en:Mozambique|Republic of Mozambique
|Portuguese: Moçambique
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|Union of Myanmar
|Burmese: Myanma
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|:en:Nagorno-Karabakh1
|Nagorno-Karabakh Republic 
|Armenian: Lernayin Gharabagh / Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ
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|:en:Namibia|Republic of Namibia
|अंग्रेज़ी: Namibia
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|:en:Nauru|Nauru
|Nauran: Naoeroअंग्रेज़ी: Nauru
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|:en:Nepal|Kingdom of Nepal
|Nepali: Nepāl / नेपाल
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|:en:Netherlands2
|Kingdom of the Netherlands
|Dutch: Nederland
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|:en:New Zealand2
|New Zealand
|अंग्रेज़ी: New ZealandMaori: Aotearoa
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|:en:Nicaragua|Republic of Nicaragua
|Spanish: Nicaragua
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|:en:Niger|Republic of Niger
|French: Niger
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|:en:Nigeria3 
|Federal Republic of Nigeria
|अंग्रेज़ी: Nigeria
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|Northern Cyprus1
|Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
|Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs 
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|:en:Norway2
|Kingdom of Norway
|Norwegian (bokmål): NorgeNorwegian (nynorsk): Noreg
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|:en:Oman|Sultanate of Omanسلطنة عمان‎Salṭanat ‘Umān
|अरबी: ʿUmmān / عمان
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|:en:Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan
|Islami Jamhuriye Pakistan
|Urdu: Pākistān / پاکستان
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|:en:Palau|Republic of Palau
|Palauan: Belauअंग्रेज़ी: Palau
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|:en:Palestine7
|State of Palestine
|अरबी: Filastīn / فلسطين 
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|:en:Panama|Republic of Panama
|Spanish: Panamá
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|:en:Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea
|अंग्रेज़ी: Papua New Guinea
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|:en:Paraguay|Republic of Paraguay
|Spanish: ParaguayGuarani: Paraguái
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|:en:Peru|Republic of Peru
|Spanish: Perú
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|:en:Philippines|Republic of the Philippines
|Pilipino: Pilipinasअंग्रेज़ी: Philippines
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|Polish: Polska
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|Portuguese Republic
|Portuguese: Portugal
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|:en:Qatar|State of Qatar
|अरबी: Qaṭar / قطر
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|:en:Romania|Romania
|Romanian: România
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|:en:Russia3
|Russian Federation
|Russian: Rossija / Россия
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|:en:RwandaRepublic of RwandaRwandese: UrwandaFrench: Rwanda
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|Sahara6 (Western)|Democratic Arab Republic of Sahara
|अरबी: Al-Saḥrāwiyyah / صحراوية
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|:en:Saint Kitts and Nevis4 
|Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
|अंग्रेज़ी: Saint Kitts and Nevis
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|:en:Saint Lucia
|Saint Lucia
|अंग्रेज़ी: Saint Lucia
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|:en:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|अंग्रेज़ी: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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|:en:Samoa
|Independent State of Samoa
|अंग्रेज़ी: SamoaSamoan: Samoa
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|:en:San Marino
|Italian: Repubblica di San Marino
|San Marino
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|:en:São Tomé and Príncipe4
|Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe
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|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|अरबी: Al-ʿArabiyyah as-Saʿūdiyyah / العربية السعودية
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|:en:Senegal
|Republic of Senegal
|French: Sénégal
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|:en:Serbia and Montenegro3,4,8
|State Community of Serbia and Montenegro
|Serbian: Srbija i Crna Gora / Србија и Црна Гора
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|:en:Seychelles
|Republic of Seychelles
|अंग्रेज़ी: SeychellesFrench: SeychellesSeselwa: Sesel
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|:en:Sierra Leone
|Republic of Sierra Leone
|अंग्रेज़ी: Sierra Leone
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|:en:Singapore
|Republic of Singapore
|Malay: SingapuraChinese: Xinjiapo / 新加坡Tamil: Čiṅkappūr / சிங்கப்பூர்अंग्रेज़ी: Singapore
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|:en:Slovakia
|Slovak Republic
|Slovak: Slovensko
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|:en:Slovenia
|Republic of Slovenia
|Slovenian: Slovenija
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|:en:Solomon Islands
|Solomon Islands
|अंग्रेज़ी: Solomon Islands
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|:en:Somalia1,9
|Somalia
|Somalian: Soomaaliya
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|Republic of Somaliland
|Somalian: Somaliland
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|Republic of South Africa
|अंग्रेज़ी: South AfricaAfrikaans: Suid-AfrikaXhosa: Mzantsi AfrikaZulu: Ningizimu Afrika etc.
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|:en:South Ossetia1
|Republic of South Ossetia
|Ossetian: Xussar Iryston / Хуссар ИрыстонRussian: Južnaja Osetia / Южная Осетия
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|:en:Spain3
|Kingdom of Spain
|Spanish: EspañaBasque: EspainiaCatalan: EspanyaGalician: España
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|:en:Sri Lanka
|Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
|Sinhala: Sri LankaTamil: Llankai / இலங்கை
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|:en:Sudan
|Republic of the Sudan
|अरबी: As-Sūdān / السودان
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|:en:Suriname
|Republic of Suriname
|Dutch: Suriname
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|:en:Swaziland
|Kingdom of Swaziland
|अंग्रेज़ी: SwazilandSwazi: eSwatini
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|:en:Sweden
|Kingdom of Sweden
|Swedish: Sverige
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|:en:Switzerland3
|Swiss Confederation
|German: SchweizFrench: SuisseItalian: SvizzeraRaeto-Romance: Svizra
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|:en:Syria
|Syrian Arab Republic
|अरबी: Sūriyyah / سورية
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|Taiwan (ROC)1
|Republic of China
|Chinese: Táiwān / 台湾(official: JhongHuá MínGuó / 中華民國)|- valign=top
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|:en:Tajikistan4
|Republic of Tajikistan
|Tajik: Tojikistan / Тоҷикистон
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|:en:Tanzania
|United Republic of Tanzania
|Swahili: Tanzaniaअंग्रेज़ी: Tanzania
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|:en:Thailand
|Kingdom of Thailand
|Thai: Prathēt Thai / ราชอาณาจักรไทย 
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|:en:Togo
|Togolese Republic
|French: Togo
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|:en:Tonga
|Kingdom of Tonga
|Tongan: Tongaअंग्रेज़ी: Tonga
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|:en:Transnistria1
|Transdniestrian Moldovan Republic
|Russian: Pridnestrovje / приднестровеRomanian/Moldovan: Stînga Nistrului 
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|:en:Trinidad and Tobago4
|Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
|अंग्रेज़ी: Trinidad and Tobago
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Tunisia
|Republic of Tunisia
|अरबी: Tūnis / تونس
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Turkey
|Republic of Turkey
|Turkish: Türkiye
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Turkmenistan
|Turkmenistan
|Turkmen: Türkmenistan
|- valign=top
|
|:en:Tuvalu
|Tuvalu
|Tuvaluan: Tuvaluअंग्रेज़ी: Tuvalu
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Uganda|Republic of Uganda
|अंग्रेज़ी: Uganda
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Ukraine4
|Ukraine
|Ukrainian: Ukrajina / Україна
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:United Arab Emirates3
|United Arab Emirates
|अरबी: Al-Imarat Al-Arabiyah Al-Muttahidah / الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:United Kingdom2,3
|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|अंग्रेज़ी: United Kingdom
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:United States2,3
|United States of America
|अंग्रेज़ी: United States
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Uruguay|Eastern Republic of Uruguay
|Spanish: Uruguay
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Uzbekistan4
|Republic of Uzbekistan
|Uzbek: O'zbekiston
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Vanuatu|Republic of Vanuatu
|Bislama: Vanuatuअंग्रेज़ी: VanuatuFrench: Vanuatu
|- valign=top
|
|:en:Vatican City|State of the City of the Vatican
|Italian: Città del Vaticano (Holy See9)
|- valign=top
|
|:en:Venezuela 3
|Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
|Spanish: Venezuela
|- valign=top
|
|:en:Vietnam
|Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|Vietnamese: Việt Nam
|- valign=top
| 
|:en:Yemen
|Republic of Yemen
|अरबी: Al-Yaman / اليمن
|- valign=top
|
|:en:Zambia
|Republic of Zambia
|अंग्रेज़ी: Zambia
|- valign=top
|
|:en:Zimbabwe
|Republic of Zimbabwe
|अंग्रेज़ी'': Zimbabwe

सन्दर्भ

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