शनि के प्राकृतिक उपग्रह

upright=1.5|right|thumb|शनि के कुछ मुख्य उपग्रह: टाइटन बीच का बड़ा नारंगी गोला है जिसके ऊपर बाक़ी चन्द्रमा दर्शाए गए हैं
हमारे सौर मण्डल के छठे ग्रह शनि के बहुत से भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार के उपग्रह हैं, जिनमें १ कि॰मी॰ से भी कम आकार के नन्हे चाँद और भयंकर आकार वाला टाइटन (जो बुध ग्रह से भी बड़ा है) शामिल हैं। शनि के छल्लों में लाखों वस्तुएँ शनि की परिक्रमा कर रहीं हैं - लेकिन इनमें से बहुत तो छोटे-छोटे पत्थर या धुल के Cake ही हैं। कुल मिलकर, 1 दिसंबर २०२३ तक, शनि के 146 ज्ञात उपग्रह थे जिनकी परिक्रमा की कक्षाएँ परखी जा चुकी थीं। इनमें से केवल १३ का व्यास (डायामीटर) ५० किमी से अधिक था और इनमें से ५३ का नामकरण किया जा चुका था। शनि के सात चन्द्रमा इतने बड़े हैं के वे अपने गुरुत्वाकर्षण की खींच से स्वयं को पूरा गोल आकार का कर पाएँ हैं। इन सारे चंद्रमाओं में से दो वैज्ञानिकों की लिए विशेष दिलचस्पी रखते हैं: टाइटन, जो सौरमंडल का दूसरा सब से बड़ा उपग्रह है और जिसपर पृथ्वी की तरह नाइट्रोजन गैस से भरपूर पृथ्वी से भी घना वायुमंडल है और ऍनसॅलअडस, जिसपर गैस और धुल के फव्वारे हैं और जिसके दक्षिणी ध्रुव की सतह के नीचे पानी का बड़ा जलाशय होने की सम्भावना है।

 आकार 
शनि का उपग्रह मण्डल बहुत ही एक-तरफ़ा है: शनि के इर्द-गिर्द उसके उपग्रहों और छल्लों में मिलकर जितना भी द्रव्यमान उसकी परिक्रमा कर रहा है उसका ९६% से अधिक हिस्सा सिर्फ़ एक उपग्रह, टाइटन में निहित है। शनि के बाक़ी ६ गोलाकार चंद्रमाओं में लगभग ४% है। अन्य ५० से भी अधिक उपग्रहों और छल्लों को मिलाकर सिर्फ़ ०.०४% ही बनता है।

 शनि के मुख्य उपग्रह (पृथ्वी के चन्द्रमा की तुलना में) नाम व्यास(किमी) द्रव्यमान(किलोग्राम)Jacobson, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; et al. (December 2006). "The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data". The Astronomical Journal 132 (6): 2520–2526. Bibcode 2006AJ....132.2520J. doi:10.1086/508812 परिक्रमा कक्षा का अर्धव्यास(किमी) एक परिक्रमा का समय(दिन) माइमस  400(चाँद का 12%)  0.4×1020(चाँद का 0.05%)  185,000(चाँद का 50%)  0.9(चाँद का 3%) ऍनसॅलअडस  500(चाँद का 14%)  1.1×1020(चाँद का 0.2%)  238,000(चाँद का 60%)  1.4(चाँद का 5%) टॅथिस  1,070(चाँद का 30%)  6.2×1020(चाँद का 0.8%)  295,000(चाँद का 80%)  1.9(चाँद का 7%) डायोनी  1,120(चाँद का 32%)  11×1020(चाँद का 1.5%)  377,000(चाँद का 100%)  2.7(चाँद का 10%) रिया  1,530(चाँद का 44%)  23×1020(चाँद का 3%)  527,000(चाँद का 140%)  4.5(चाँद का 20%) टाइटन  5,150(चाँद का 148%)(चाँद का 75%)  1,350×1020(चाँद का 180%)  1,222,000(चाँद का 320%)  16(चाँद का 60%) आऐपिटस  1,470(चाँद का 42%)  18×1020(चाँद का 2.5%)  3,560,000(चाँद का 930%)  79(चाँद का 290%)

 उपग्रहों की तालिका
 पुष्ट उपग्रह 
शनि के चंद्रमा अपनी सबसे छोटी से लेकर सबसे लंबी कक्षीय अवधि (या अर्द्ध मुख्य अक्ष) के साथ यहां सूचीबद्ध हैं। बहुत बड़े चंद्रमा जिन्होंने गुरुत्वीय पतन से अपना गोलीय आकार धारण किया है, मोटे अक्षरों में वर्णित है। जबकि अनियमित आकार वाले चंद्रमा लाल, नारंगी और भूरे पृष्ठभूमि में सूचीबद्ध हैं। 
कुंजी † प्रमुख बर्फीले चंद्रमा♠ टाइटन‡ इनुइट समूह♦ गैलिक समूह♣ नोर्स समूह

 अनुक्रम लेबल नामउच्चारण (key)छवि व्यास (किमी) द्रव्यमान( किग्रा)  अर्द्ध दीर्घ अक्ष (किमी)  कक्षीय अवधि (d) झुकावTo Saturn's equator विकेन्द्रतास्थिति खोज के  वर्षआविष्कारक  S/2009 S 1  —  50px          outer B Ring  2009  Cassini–Huygens  (मूनलेट)  —  50px|alt=A noisy image showing a few bright dots marked by circles        Three 1000 km bands within A Ring  2006  Cassini–Huygens   पान    50px|alt=A bright fuzzy band (rings of Saturn) is running from the left to right. In the center a bright irregularity shaped body is superimposed on its upper edge. A narrow grayish band, which is a part of the main band, partially covers the body.          in Encke Division  1990  M. Showalter   डाफनिस    50px|alt=Two bright bands run from the left to right. In the narrow gap between them (Keeler gap), which has wavy edges, a small oblong object can be seen.            in Keeler Gap  2005  Cassini–Huygens   एटलस    50px|alt=An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom. The body, which looks like a cone viewed from the vertex, is elongated in the direction perpendicular to the image.         outer A Ring shepherd  1980  Voyager 2   प्रोमेथियस    50px|alt=An irregularly shaped oblong body is fully illuminated. It is elongated in the direction from the right to left. Its surface is covered by craters. There is valley at the top.         inner F Ring shepherd  1980  Voyager 2   पैंडोरा    30px|alt=An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right. The surface is covered by numerous craters.         outer F Ring Shepherd  1980  Voyager 2   एपिमेथियस    50px|alt=A fully illuminated irregular body, which has a shape remotely resembling a cube. One vertex with a large crater is at the right side of the image pointing towards the light source. The body's surface consists of ridges and valleys and is covered by craters.         co-orbital with Janus  1977  J. Fountain, and S. Larson   जानूस    50px|alt=An irregular body, whose outline looks like an approximate circle in this image. It is illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top-left to bottom-right. The surface is covered by craters.          co-orbital with Epimetheus 1966  A. Dollfus   इगेओन    50px|alt=There images of a ring's segment are stacked together from the right to left. They shows motion of a moon along the ring.              G Ring moonlet  2008  Cassini–Huygens   †माइमस    50px|alt=A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. A large crater with a central peak sits on the terminator slightly to the right and above the center of the body. It makes the body look like the Death Star. There are numerous smaller craters.            1789  W. Herschel10   मिथोन    50px|alt=From May 2012 flyby            Alkyonides  2004  Cassini–Huygens11   एंथे    50px|An animated image showing as a dot (right) moves around Saturn (left) outside the main rings (in the middle), which are viewed from a relatively low angle             Alkyonides  2007  Cassini–Huygens12   पालिन    50px|alt=A dot in the glare of Saturn            Alkyonides  2004  Cassini–Huygens13   †ऍनसॅलअडस    50px|alt=A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. In the center and at the top there are heavily cratered areas. The areas to the left and at the bottom have few craters and are intersected by lots of sinuous greenish grooves. The four prominent grooves at the bottom are Tiger stripes.          Generates the E ring  1789  W. Herschel14   †टॅथिस    50px|alt=A spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right in the vicinity of the top limb. There is a wide curved graben running from the center of the body to the bottom. It is Ithaca Chasma.             1684  G. Cassini   टेलेस्टो    50px|A potato shaped body is illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom. There is a large crater at the bottom near the terminator. The body is elongated from the right to left.            leading Tethys trojan  1980  B. Smith, H. Reitsema, S. Larson, and J. Fountain   केलिप्सो    50px|alt=An oblong reddish body is seen in this low resolution image.             trailing Tethys trojan  1980  D. Pascu, P. Seidelmann, W. Baum, and D. Currie17   †डायोनी    50px|alt=A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. The central part of the body is smooth and has only a few craters. A heavily cratered terrain is near the right limb. A part of a large crater is intersected by the terminator in the lower-left corner. To the left of it there is a long crack running parallel to the terminator.             1684  G. Cassini   हेलेन    50px|alt=An irregularly shaped body illuminated from the left. Its surface is covered by numerous impact craters.              leading Dione trojan  1980  P. Laques and J. Lecacheux   पॉलीड्युसस    50px|alt=A small oblong body is barely resolved in this image.             trailing Dione trojan  2004  Cassini–Huygens20   †रिया    50px|alt=A spherical body is almost fully illuminated. The terminator is running near the top edge. The surface is covered by numerous craters. Two partially overlapping large craters can be seen above the center. One that is younger is above and to the right from the older one.              1672  G. Cassini21   ♠टाइटन    55px|alt=An orange spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. Both limb and terminator are fuzzy due to light scattering in the atmosphere.                 1655  C. Huygens22   †हिपेरायन    50px|alt=An irregularly shaped oblong body is illuminated from the left. The terminator is near the right limb. The body is elongated in the top-bottom direction. The surface is punctured by numerous impact craters, which make it look like a sponge or cheese.             in 4:3 resonance with Titan  1848  W. Bond G. Bond W. Lassell23   †आऐपिटस    50px|alt=A walnut shaped body illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top to right along the top-right limb. An equatorial ridge runs from the left to right and is convex in the direction of the bottom-left. Above and below it there are dark areas. Above the upper dark area and below the lower one there are bright poles. There numerous craters. Three among them are very large: one sits on the limb at the right another is in the center above the ridge. The third is below the ridge near the left limb.               1671  G. Cassini24   ‡किवियक               Inuit group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.25   ‡ऐजराक               Inuit group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.26   ♣†फोबे    50px|alt=An approximately spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom-right. The terminator runs near the left and top limbs. There is huge crater at the top, which affects the shape, and another slightly smaller at the bottom.              Norse group  1899  W. Pickering27   ‡पालियाक               Inuit group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.28   ♣स्केथि               Norse (Skathi) Group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.29   ♦अल्बियोरिक्स               Gallic group  2000  M. Holman30    ♣S/2007 S 2  —               Norse group  2007  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, B. Marsden31   ♦बेभियोन्न               Gallic group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna32   ♦एरियपस               Gallic group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.33   ♣स्कॉल               Norse (Skathi) group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna34   ‡Siarnaq               Inuit group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.35   ‡तार्केक                Inuit group  2007  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna36    ♣S/2004 S 13  —              Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna37   ♣ग्रेइप               Norse group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna38   ♣हीरोकीन               Norse (Skathi) group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna39   ♣जार्नसेक्सा               Norse group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna40   ♦टार्वोस               Gallic group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.41   ♣मंडलफैरी               Norse group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.42    ♣S/2006 S 1  —             Norse (Skathi) group  2006  S. Sheppard, D.C. Jewitt, J. Kleyna43    ♣S/2004 S 17  —             Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna44   ♣Bergelmir               Norse (Skathi) group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna45   ♣Narvi               Norse (Narvi) group  2003  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna46   ♣Suttungr               Norse group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.47   ♣Hati               Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna48    ♣S/2004 S 12  —             Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna49   ♣Farbauti               Norse (Skathi) group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna50   ♣Thrymr               Norse group 2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.51   ♣Aegir               Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna52    ♣S/2007 S 3  —               Norse group  2007  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna53   ♣Bestla               Norse (Narvi) group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna54    ♣S/2004 S 7  —             Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna55    ♣S/2006 S 3  —             Norse (Skathi) group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna56   ♣Fenrir               Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna57   ♣Surtur               Norse group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna58  ♣Kari               Norse (Skathi) group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna59   ♣Ymir               Norse group  2000  B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.60   ♣Loge               Norse group  2006  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna61   ♣Fornjot               Norse group  2004  S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

 अपुष्ट उपग्रह 
The following objects (observed by Cassini) have not been confirmed as solid bodies. It is not yet clear if these are real satellites or merely persistent clumps within the F Ring.

 Name Image Diameter (km) Semi-majoraxis (km) Orbitalperiod (d) Position Discovery year S/2004 S 6 50px|alt=A bright narrow band runs from the top to bottom. To the right of it in the diffuse halo the is a bright small object.  ≈ 3–5  ≈ 140,130  +0.61801  uncertain objects around the F Ring  2004 S/2004 S 3/S 4  50px|A segment of the ring with bright overexposed Saturn in the top-left corner. Near the right edge of the ring there is a bright dot.  ≈ 3−5  ≈ 140,300  ≈ +0.619  2004

 परिकल्पित उपग्रह 
Two moons were claimed to be discovered by different astronomers but never seen again. Both moons were said to orbit between Titan and Hyperion.
 Chiron which was supposedly sighted by Hermann Goldschmidt in 1861, but never observed by anyone else.
 Themis was allegedly discovered in 1905 by astronomer William Pickering, but never seen again. Nevertheless it was included in numerous almanacs and astronomy books until the 1960s.

 इन्हें भी देखें 
 शनि (ग्रह)
 टाइटन (चंद्रमा)
 प्राकृतिक उपग्रह
 शनि के छल्ले

 सन्दर्भ 

श्रेणी:प्राकृतिक उपग्रह
श्रेणी:शनि के प्राकृतिक उपग्रह
श्रेणी:सौर मंडल
श्रेणी:हिन्दी विकि डीवीडी परियोजना