आयुर्वेद में प्रयुक्त जड़ी-बूटियाँ तथा खनिज

आयुर्वेद की औषधियाँ मुख्यतः जड़ी-बूटियों में खनिज मिलाकर बनायी जाती हैं।  

आयुर्वेदिक औषधियाँ निम्नांकित प्रकार की होती हैं -

 Fresh juice of herbs

 क्वाथ () : Crushed herbs, used as a decoction or brew for internal and external uses

 चूर्ण : Fine powdered herbs, used as medicine taken with water or food for internal and external uses

 तैल : Herbs cooked in edible oil according to rules laid down for internal and external uses

 घृत : Herbs cooked in ghee (clarified butter)

 आसव, सुरा या अरिष्ट : A kind of light wine obtained from fermentation of herbs

 अर्क : A distillate obtained from herbs

 रसौषधि या खरलीय रसायन : Herbs mixed with metals, minerals and animal ingredients

 भस्म : Ashes

 पर्पटी : Combinations of metals, minerals, animal ingredients and herbs

 क्षार, लवण द्रव : Specially prepared medicaments using salt

 गुग्गुल Medicaments based on Guggul (a herb)

 लौह भस्म : Mandoor Bhasam : Iron based medicaments

 अवलेह, मोदक, पाक तथा प्राश : Herbs cooked in Jaggery or sugar

 बटी/गुटिका/गोली : Mixtures of medicines shaped in pills, pillules or tablets for ease of administration

 प्रलेप/अंजन/वर्ति/धूप : Liniments, drops, paint, and pastes for external uses

 प्रायः प्रयुक्त वनस्पतियाँ एवं खनिज 
(Names ref.)
 Botanical (Latin) Name  Common (English) Name  Sanskrit Name  Therapeutic Use, Functions or Properties(According to Ayurveda) Acacia concinna  Acacia  Shikakai For bilious affliction, jaundice, malarial fever, flatulence. 
Used as a mild laxative. Acacia nilotica  Indian Gum Arabic Tree  Babool  For gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes. 
Used as a demulcent. 
Is styptic and astringent. Acorus calamus  Sweet Flag  Vacha For ague, habitual constipation, atonic dyspepsia, flatulence, paralytic nervous affliction, colic, epilepsy, dropsy, glandular diseases, rheumatic swellings, and children's teething ailments.
Is a bitter tonic. Adhatoda vasica  Malabar Nut  Vasaka  For bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma. 
Supports lung functions. 
Has immune system-boosting properties. Aegle marmelos  Bael Tree  Bael  For intestinal problems, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory conditions of bowels. 
Is anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory, and is a digestive. Allium sativum  Garlic {Chinese: 大蒜} Lahsuna  Used to control excess conversion of lipids and cholesterol. Aloe vera  Indian Aloe {Chinese: 芦荟} Kumari For ophthalmic disorders, hepatospleenomegaly, spleen and liver disorders, cysts, poisons, hydrocele, kaphha fever, vata dosha, and anomalies of blood, glands and skin.
Used as a mild laxative and tonic.
Increases semen quality. Andrographis paniculata  Green chirayta  Yavatika For malaria fever, enlargement of liver, chronic and obstinate fever, dropsy, edema, constipation, and infant disorders such as diarrhoea, colic, vomiting.
Used as an appetiser.  Anethum graveolens  Indian dill  Satahva For abdominal colic, intestinal colic, ophthalmic disorders, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and body pain.
Is analgesic, anti-febric, vermifugal and is a digestive.
Used as an appetiser. Asparagus racemosus  Asparagus {Chinese: 天门冬}  Shatavari To nourish the female reproductive system.
Promotes lactation. Azadirachta indica  Neem  Neem For skin disorders. Has blood purifying and immune-boosting properties. Is an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent. Bacopa monnieri  Bacopa  Brahmi Improves alertness. 
Is an anti-anxiety agent. Benincasa hispida  Winter melon  Kushmanda Used as a food for vigour, to nourish body and to purify blood. It is an appetiser, is easy to digest, and removes constipation. It is used to normalise bowel movements and is a remedy for mental disorders, epilepsy, mania, psychological disorders and other mental conditions. Betula utilis  Himalayan Birch  Bhurjapatra For ear disorders, bile disorders, anomalies of blood, psychological disorders. Has anti-obesity and anti-toxin functions. Boerhavia diffusa  Boerhaavia  Punarnava For efficient kidney and urinary functions, urinary tract infections. Capsicum annuum  Red Pepper  Katuvira Used to arouse the digestive fire, remove kaphha dosha, produce burning sensation, remove indigestion. It is anti-cholera, and helps to heal obstinate wounds. It removes hoarseness, sleepiness and perversion of taste. Used to treat loss of senses and weak pulse conditions. Cassia fistula  Golden Shower Tree  Aragvadha FRUIT-BODY:Is a mild laxative. Used to treat fever, cardiac (heart) problems, Rakta Pitta, hematemesis, hemorrhages, arthritis, vatavyadhi, colic, acidity and acidic eructations. Roots are strongly purgative, and should not be used alone.  Cedrus deodara  Deodar Cedar  Devadaru Bark and stem: creates sweating, urination, anti-vata, eliminates skin disorders, anti-febril, anti-edema, arthritis, joint pain, joint swelling, antitussive, vermifugal, blood and urine anomalies. Cinnamomum camphora  Camphor {Chinese: 樟脑} Karpoora Used in kaphha, thirst, obesity, burning sensations, throat problems, intestinal worms, mouth freshener, analgesics, antitusive, antipyeratic, excessive sweats. Beneficial in small quantity [50 mg] for low blood pressure and asthma. Citrus grandis  Pomelo  Mahanimbu Vata-kaphha nashak, mild laxative, digestive, appetiser, loss of appetite, abdominal colic, worms, vomiting, nausea. Citrus limon  Lemon {Chinese: 柠檬} Nimbaka Use as food for increased taste, increased hunger, digestive, help to pass abdominal wind, flatus. Citrus medica  Citron {TCM: 佛手} Bijapura In heart disorders, abdominal colic, Gulma (abdominal tumors), vomiting, nausea, indigestion, haemorrhoids. Commiphora wightii  Indian Bdellium Tree  Guggulu  For rheumatism, nervous diseases, glandular and scrofulous diseases, and chronic wounds that do not heal easily. 
Used as a tonic, demulcent, emmenagogue and stimulant. 
Is anti-spasmodic and a blood purifier. Cucumis sativus  Cucumber  Trapusha Diuretic, useful in haematamesis, haemorrhages, bleeding, cold in nature, as a food for renal stone patient. Cuminum cyminum  Cumin  Shvetajiraka SEEDS: smell increasing the taste of food, increased taste, appetiser, Cholagogue, useful in abdominal colic, flatulence, wind formation, offensive flatus, vermifugal, dysentery, diarrhoea, Gulma (abdominal tumors), indigestion, inflammatory condition of bowels, renal calculus, gonorrhoea, obstruction of urine, nausea, vomiting. Daucus carota  Carrot  Garjira Seeds: useful in flatulence, renal disorders, pathophysiology of small and large intestines, salpingitis, impotence, female genital disorders, Root: vermifugal, spleenomegaly, physical weakness, cholecystitis, problem before delivery, cardiac problems, piles, colic burning sensation, asthma, hiccough, mouth freshener. Externally for burns, abscess. Eclipta alba  Thistles {TCM: 墨旱莲} Bhringaraja Juice: useful to teeth, skin and hairs, indicated for the treatment of Kaphha-vata disorders, cough, bronchitis, worms, asthma, skin diseases, oedema, mucous disorders, anemia, digestive, support and nourished body, choleggue, hepatomegaly, liver disorders, loss of appetite, vertigo, hepatospleenomegaly, piles, indigestion, headache, weak vision, Externally for burns, skin diseases, leucoderma, hair loss, alopecia.  Embelia ribes  False Black Pepper  Vidanga Fruit: carminative, anthelmintic, stimulant, alterative, anti-dyspeptic, anti-flatulent, skin diseases, rheumatisma, diuretic, laxative, purgative. Eucalyptus globulus  Eucalyptus  Nilgiri Taila External: deodorant, useful in skin disorders, anti-vermicular, wounds us cervix, wounded piles, smells in Cold and coryza, muscular and joints pain, myopathy: Internal: excessive salivation, digestive, antipyretic. Ficus bengalensis  Banyan tree  Vata Kaphha pitta shamak, nausea, diarrhoea, bloody dysentery, haemorrhages, bleeding, dysentery, anomaly of blood, bleeding from all orifices, discoloration of skin, bloody leucorrhoea, leucorrhoea, white discharges from vagina, help in pregnancy, anomaly of urine, Prameha, ueful for childless women, increased fertility in women. Foeniculum vulgare  Fennel {TCM: 小茴香}  Shatapushpa In Vata-pitta dosha, useful in mental weakness, weakness of eyesight, nausea, vomiting, weak appetite, flatulence, abdominal wind, abdominal colic, dysentery, piles, cardiac disorders, anomaly of blood, cough, bronchitis, pulmonary disorders, anomaly of urine and urination, fever, skin disorders, weakness, burning sensations.  Gaultheria fragrantissima  Indian Wintergreen  Gandapura Oil: cures Vata, pain, stimulant, antipyeretic, brings sweats, diuretic, antispasmodic, removes pain of all kinds, useful in cardiac disorders, joint pain, sciatica, flatulence, wind formation in abdomen, rheumatic pain, myolitis.  Hippophae rhamnoides  Seabuckthorn {Chinese: 沙棘} Bhasam [ashes]: for respiratory disorders, hiccough, asthma, cough, cardiac pain, glandular swellings, rheumatism, arthritis, tuberculosis, pulmonary disorders, joint pain, increases sexual desire in male and female, impotence. External: paste is applied in Pleuritis, Pneumonia, backache, painful inflammatory condition with swelling. Jasminum officinale  Jasmine  Jati Cold nature, bitter taste, increases Vata and Kaphha Dosha, useful in burning pain wounds, anomaly of blood, oral problems, tooth problems, eye disorders, headache, migraine, antitoxic. Oil: cold, heals wounds, anomaly of blood, useful in skin, head and ophthalmic disorders, stomatitis.  Juglans regia  Walnut {TCM: 胡桃肉} Akschota In facial paralysis, cervical lymphadenitis, adenitis, ringworm, edema, dropsy, swelling, fistula, opium poisoning, devermicular, purgative, laxatives, provides strength, pulmonary tuberculosis, cardiac disorders, uric acid diathesis, gout, burning sensations, rheumotoid arthritis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, dermatitis, skin disorders and anomaly of blood, blood purifier. Lilium polyphyllum  White Lily {Chinese: 百合}  Kshirakakoli Increasing the quantity of semen, condensed semen, increasing lactations in feeding mothers, creates sexual excitement both in male and female, increases vitality, vigour. Malus domestica  Apple {Chinese: 苹果}  Seva  Mangifera indica  Mango  Amra Raw: sour, tasteful, increases Vata and Pitta Dosha, Ripe, sweet: increases semen quality, appetiser, increases taste, wound healer, anomaly of blood, Mimosa pudica  Sensitive plant  Lajjalu  For gynaecological disorders, skin disorders, bleeding piles, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea. Melaleuca leucadendra  Tea Tree  Kayaputi In hyperpyerexia, gout, uric acid, diarrhoea, skin disorders, bronchitis, cough, dermatitis, joints pain, muscular pain. Mel despumatum  Honey {TCM: 峰蜜} Madhu Sweet, cool, easy to digest, for constipation, better for eyes and voice, beneficial to heart, heals wounds quickly, obesity, frequent urination, hiccough, asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, emaciation, excessive thirst, haemorrhagic tendency, faintness, burning sensation, healing wounds. Mentha arvensis  Mint  Putiha  Mentha piperita  Peppermint {TCM: 薄荷} Oils and crystal form: carminative, cool, analgesic, relives painful muscular conditions, smells in colds and coryza, relieves headache, sinusitis. Used both internally and externally. Very powerful effect. When use internally, use very small quantity (one drop in four divided doses) with precautions. Nardostachys jatamansi  Musk {Chinese: 麝香} Jatamansi  Pinus roxburghii  Chir Pine  Shrivasa  Piper longum  Indian Long Pepper {Chinese: 荜茇}  Pippali  Prunus amygdalus  Almond  Vatadha  Punica granatum  Pomegranate {TCM: 石榴}  Dadima  Rosmarinus officinalis  Rosemary   Salmalia malabarica  Silk Cotton Tree  Shalmali  Santalum album  Sandalwood {Chinese: 檀香} Chandana  Sapindus mukorossi  Soapnut  Arishta  Sesamum indicum  Sesame {Chinese: 芝麻} Til  Sesbania sesban  Egyptian Rattle Pod  Jayanti  Shorea robusta  Sal tree  Shala  Solanum lycopersicum  Tomato   Trigonella foenum-graecum  Fenugreek {Chinese: 胡庐巴}  Medhika  Triticum aestivum  Common Wheat {Chinese: 小麦} Godhuma  Vetiveria zizanioides  Poppy  Ushira  Vitex negundo  Five-leaved Chaste Tree  Nirgundi  Vitis vinifera  Grape {Chinese: 白藜芦醇} Draksha  Wrightia tinctoria  Pala indigo plant  Hyamaraka  Zanthoxylum alatum  Prickly ash  Tumburu  Zingiber officinale  Ginger {TCM: 生姜 (fresh ginger), 干姜 (dry ginger)}http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_(General_Usage_Part_2)  Sunthi {Adrak (Fresh Ginger) & Shunthl (Dry Ginger)}  Digestive disorders, low appetite, indigestion, nausea, vomiting and motion sickness. {Chemical name: Aluminium potassium sulfate}  Alum {TCM: 明礬} Saurashtri Internal: bloody dysentery, dysentery, worms, remittant and intermittent fever, anti-tussive, External: piles, wounds, traumatic wounds and conditions, stings, itching, eczema, conjunctivitis, leucorrhoea, otorrhoea, gonorrhoea, as gargle in pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat problems.   Conch Shell  Shankha  Bhasam [ashes]: loss of appetite, indigestion, peptic ulcers, dueodenal ulcers, hyperacidity, bronchitis, hepatospleenomegaly, Gulma, asthma, cough, respiratory disorders.  Sodium carbonate  Svarjikshara Internal: constipation, diuretic, Gulmanashak, colic, pain abdominal, worms intestinal, flatulence, eructations, abdominal winds, tympenitis, irritable bowel syndrome. External: promotes suppuration of boils, burns, pimples, leucoderma, white patches of skin.   Sodium bicarbonate  Tankana First purify according of Ayurveda directions: increased digestive fire, Kaphha nashak, antitoxic, cough, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary resoiratory disorders, antipyeritic, Gulm nashak, colic, bodyache, sensation of chilliness etc. spleenomegaly hyperacidity, diminished hunger, stomatitis. External: eczema, ringworm, itching of skin, mouth pain in aphthea, vaginal itching, leucorrhoea, hydrocele, mammary gland inflammation, toothache, black spot on face.   Cowrie Shell  Varatika Bhasam [ash]: used in colic of all nature, mucous colitis, dysentery, hyperacidity, weak assimilation, diarrhoea, gastritis, gas formation, flatulence, excessive thirst, tympenitis, rumbling in abdomen, loss of appetite, Irritable bowel syndromes, improves digestive power, asthma, bronchitis, otorrhoea, dry cough, Tuberculosis, exhaustive disease conditions, aphthea, stomatitis.  Natural Zinc  Yashad Bhasma Bhasam [ash]: ophthalmic disorders, night blindness, kaphha-pitta disorders, jaundice, liver disorders, hepatitis, anomalies of urine, diabetes, asthma, cysts, glands, diarrhoea, mucous colitis, dhatu kshaya, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, gonorrhoea, impotency, improves digestion, beneficial in vomiting and nausea. Botanical (Latin) Name  Common (English) Name  Sanskrit Name  Therapeutic Use(According to Ayurveda)

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