फैरो की सूची

इस लेख में प्राचीन मिस्र के सभी फैरोगण की सूची है। यह मिस्र का आरंभिक राजवंश काल जो लगभग ३००० ई.पू. था, से लेकर प्टॉल्मिक राजवंश तक, जब कि मिस्र ३० ई.पू. में अगस्तर सीज़र के अधीन प्राचीन रोम का एक प्रांत बना, तब तक की है। 

 फैरोगणों की प्राथमिक प्राचीन सूची 
इस सूची का पाठ अभी अपूर्ण है:
 पालर्मो स्टोन
 तुरिन रॉयल कैनन
 मनेथो ऐजिप्टियासा 
 एबाय्डॉस राजा सूची
 कर्नाक राजा सूची
 दक्षिण सक्कारा पाषाण (1923 में खोजा गया, इसमें 6 वंश हैँ)

 मिथक काल 

 आर्कैइक काल 
बहुत ही पुराने समयों में प्रारंभिक राजवंश काल शामिल है, जब निचले मिस्र और ऊपरी मिस्र पर दो अलग साम्राज्य थे - प्रथम और द्वितीय राजवंश।

 आरंभिक राजवंश: निचला मिस्र 
निचला मिस्र, जिसे काली भूमि भी कहा जाता था, उत्तरी नील और [[[नील नदी|नील]] नदीमुख-भूमि। नीचे दी गई सूची पूर्ण नहीं है:
 नाम टिप्पणी तिथियां तिउBreasted (1909) p.36 — ? थेश — ? ह्सेक्यु  — ? वाज़नेर — ३१०० ईसा पूर्व 

 Early dynastic: Upper Egypt 
Upper Egypt, known as the Red Land, consisted of the southern Nile and the deserts. The following list may not be complete (there are many more of uncertain existence):
 Name Comments Dates Scorpion I Oldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insignia c. 3200 BC? Iry-Hor kingship uncertain c. 3150 BC? KaRice (1999) p.86Wilkinson (1999) pp.57f.—c. 3100 BC King Scorpion Potentially pronounced Serqet, but uncertain; possibly the same person as Narmer. c. 3100 BC Narmer The king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt.Shaw (2000) p.196 c. 3100 BC

 First Dynasty 
The First Dynasty ruled from c.3050 BC to 2890 BC.
 Name Comments Dates Menes Potentially the same person as Narmer, Hor-Aha, Serket II, or any combination of the three. contingent upon identity Hor-Aha Arguably the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt.Wilkinson (1999) pp70-71 c. 3050 BC Djer — 41 years Merneith Regent for Den — Djet — 23 years Den — 14 to 20.1 years Anedjib — 10 years Semerkhet — 9 years Qa'a — 2916?–2890

 Second Dynasty 
The Second Dynasty ruled from 2890 to
2686 BC.
 Name Comments Dates HotepsekhemwyWilkinson (1999) pp. 83-84 — 2890–? RanebWilkinson (1999) p. 84 — 39 years NynetjerWilkinson (1999) p. 79 — 40 years WnegWilkinson (1999) pp 87-88 — 8 years SenedjPascal Vernus, Jean Yoyotte, The Book of the Pharaohs, Cornell University Press 2003, p.27 — 20 years Seth-Peribsen  Seth-Peribsen — 17 years Sekhemib-Perenmaat —  Khasekhem(wy)  King Khasekhem  King Khasekhemwy ?–2686 BC 17 to 18 years

 Old Kingdom 
The Old Kingdom is the period in the third millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilisational complexity and achievement (the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilization in the Nile Valley), spanning the period when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty (2630–2151 BC). Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom as a continuation of the administration centralised at Memphis. The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period -- or, as the Egyptians called it, the "first illness."

The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was located at Memphis, where Djoser established his court. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however, for the large number of pyramids which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places. For this reason, the Old Kingdom is frequently referred to as "the Age of the Pyramids".

 Third Dynasty 
The Third Dynasty ruled from 2686 to 2613 BC.
 Name Comments Dates Sanakhte — 2686-2668 DjoserToby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999, pp.83 & 95Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, pp.79 & 258 Had the Step Pyramid constructed by ImhotepVerner (2001) 2668–2649 SekhemkhetClayton (1994) p.32 — 2649–2643 Khaba — 2643–2637 HuniClayton (1994) p.42 — 2637–2613

 Fourth Dynasty 
The Fourth Dynasty ruled from 2613 to 2498 BC and included the pharaohs who had the Great Pyramids built, Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerinus).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="200" | Nomen (Praenomen)
! width="400" | Comments
! width="120" | Dates
|-
|Sneferu || Built the Bent Pyramid, which is a pyramid built at a normal angle at the bottom but drastically changes at the top. He also built the first "true" pyramid, known as the Red Pyramid. Some say that he was buried at the Red Pyramid, while others say that he was buried at the Bent Pyramid. Bones have been found at the Red Pyramid, but there is no evidence that this is Sneferu's body. || |2613–2589
|-
|Khufu || Greek form: Cheops. Built the great pyramid of Giza. Note that Khufu is spoken of in early sources as being "third" of his family to rule, although there is no known record of a Pharaoh between Sneferu and Khufu. One supposition is that there might have been a very short reign of some elder brother of Khufu, whose inscriptions, name, and monuments have perished for one reason or another. || 2589–2566
|-
|Djedefra (Radjedef) || Believed to have created the Sphinx at Giza as a monument for his deceased father. He also created a pyramid at Abu Rawash however this pyramid is no longer intact as it is believed the Romans recycled the materials it was made from. Before being demolished by the Romans, according to a documentary aired by the History Channel, the pyramid may actually have been the highest ever built (about 20 meters taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza although this is due to its elevated location rather than the size from base to tip). || 2566–2558
|-
|Khafra || Greek form: Chephren His pyramid is the second largest in Giza. || 2558–2532
|-
| — || here some authorities insert Bikheris, following Manetho ||  —
|-
|Menkaura || Greek form: Mycerinus. His pyramid is the third and smallest in Giza. || 2532–2503
|-
|Shepseskaf || – || 2503–2498
|-
|Djedefptah || – || — 
|-
| here some authorities insert Thampthis, following Manetho || – || — 
|}

 Fifth Dynasty 
The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC.
 Name Comments Dates Userkaf — 2498–2491 Sahure — 2490–2477 Neferirkare Kakai — 2477–2467 Shepseskare Isi — 2467–2460 Neferefre — 2460–2453 Nyuserre Ini — 2453–2422 Menkauhor Kaiu — 2422–2414 Djedkare Isesi — 2414–2375 Unas — 2375–2345

 Sixth Dynasty 
The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Teti — 2345–2333 Userkare — 2333–2332 Pepi I Meryre — 2332–2283 Merenre Nemtyemsaf I — 2283–2278 Pepi II Neferkare Possible unto 2224 which would explain the following 4 kings. 2278–2184 Neferka Only mentioned in the redford. Reigned during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-ruler. 2200–2199 Nefer Reign of 2 years, 1 month and a day according to Turin Canon 2197–2193 Aba Reigned for 4 years and 2 months. Reign dates don't follow Turin Canon. Highly unlikely. 2193–2176 Unknown king Unknown king attested here Merenre Nemtyemsaf IIDodson & Hilton (2004) p.73 Uncertain pharaoh. 2184 Neitiqerty Siptah This king may have been confused in later years as a supposed female ruler Nitocris.Ryholt & Bardrum (2000) pp.87–100. 2184–2181

 First intermediate period 
The First Intermediate Period is the period between the end of the Old Kingdom and the advent of the Middle Kingdom.

The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. He had reigned for 94 years, longer than any monarch in history, and died aged 100. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age.

The Union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting famine.

Around 2160 BC, a new line of pharaohs tried to reunite Lower Egypt from their capital in Herakleopolis Magna. In the meantime, however, a rival line based at Thebes was reuniting Upper Egypt and a clash between the two rival dynasties was inevitable.

Around 2055 BC, a descendant of the pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs, reunited the Two Lands, founded the Eleventh Dynasty and ruled as Mentuhotep II, the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom.

 Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined) 
The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled from 2181 to 2160 BC.
(This table is based on the Abydos Table from the Temple of Seti I, taken from www.narmer.pl/main/abydos_en.html)
 Name Comments Dates Neferkara I -  Netjerkare -  Menkare -  Neferkare II -  Neferkara Nebi -  Djedkara Shemai -  Neferkara Khendu -  Some authorities place here Merenhor  Neferkamin Seneferka -  Nikara -  Neferkara Tereru -  Neferkahor -  Neferkara Pepyseneb -  Neferkamin Anu -  Qakare Ibi -  Neferkara II -  Neferkawhor Khuwihap -  Neferirkara - 

 Ninth Dynasty 
The Ninth Dynasty ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Meryibre Khety (Achthoes I) - 2160– ? Meribre Khety II - ? Neferkare III - ?Nebkaure (Acthoes II) - ? Setut - ? Wakhare Khety I - ? Merykare - ? Wankhare Khety II - ? Menethoupe I - ? Wankhare Khety III - ? Khety II - ? Khety II's daughter - ? Merikare's daughter - ? –2130

 Tenth Dynasty 
The Tenth Dynasty was a local group that held sway over Lower Egypt that ruled from 2130 to 2040 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Meryhathor — 2130– ? Neferkare IV — ? Wankare (Acthoes III) — ? Merykare — ? — Courtnie — ? –2040

 Eleventh Dynasty 
The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Mentuhotep I Tepy-a —  Sehertawy Intef I — 2134–2117 Wahankh Intef II — 2117–2069 Nakhtnebtepnefer Intef III — 2069–2060

 Middle Kingdom 
The Middle Kingdom is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. In addition to the Twelfth Dynasty, some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. This opening of trade eventually led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, induced by an invasion from the Hyksos.

 Eleventh Dynasty Continued 
The second part of the Eleventh Dynasty is considered to be part of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

 Name Comments Dates Nebhetepre Mentuhotep IILabib Habachi: King Nebhepetre Menthuhotep: his monuments, place in history, deification and unusual representations in form of gods. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 19 (1963), p. 16-52 Gained all Egypt 2040, Middle Kingdom begins. 2060–2010 Sankhkare Mentuhotep IIIGrajetzki (2006) pp. 23-25 — 2010–1998 Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IVGrajetzki (2006) pp. 25-26 — 1997–1991

 Twelfth Dynasty 
The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC, and is considered by later Egyptians to have been their greatest dynasty.
 Name Comments Dates Amenemhat I  Amenemhat IGrajetzki (2006) pp.28-35 — 1991–1962 Senusret IMurnane (1977) p.2 (Sesostris I) — 1971–1926 Amenemhat IIMurnane (1977) p.7 — 1929–1895 Senusret IIMurnane (1977) p.9 (Sesostris II) — 1897–1878 Senusret IIIJosef Wegner, The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret III–Amenemhat III Regnal Succession: Some Considerations based on new evidence from the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos, JNES 55, Vol.4, (1996), pp.251 (Sesostris III) Most powerful of the Middle Kingdom pharaohs. 1878–1860 Amenemhat IIIGrajetzki (2006) pp.56-61 — 1860–1815 Amenemhat IV Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso. 1815–1807 SobekneferuGrajetzk (2006) pp.61-63 A rare female ruler. 1807–1803

 Second intermediate period 
The Second Intermediate Period is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom. It is best known as when the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties.

The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the long land of Egypt. The provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the western Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Fourteenth Dynasty.

The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell ed-Dab'a/Khata'na). The Hyksos, led by Salitis, the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, overran Egypt during the reign of Dudimose I.

Around the time Memphis fell to the Hyksos, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes declared its independence and set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia

 Thirteenth Dynasty 
The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1803 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 Yrs according to Manetho. This table should be contrasted with Known kings of the 13th Dynasty
 Name Comments Dates Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep or Wegaf Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is attested by several Nile Records and Papyri. 1803–1799  4 yrs. Sekhemkare Amenemhat V Senebef, brother of Sekhemre Khutawy. 3 Yrs. — Amenemhat — 1795–1792  Sehetepre — ? –1790 Iufni — ? Seankhibre — ? Semenkare — ? Sehetepre — ? Sewadjkare — ? Nedjemibre 7 months ? Sobekhotep I — ? Renseneb 4 months c. 1775 Awybre Hor I? — c. 1775? Sedjefakare A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents. c. 5 to 7 yrs. Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep Compare Wegaf c. 1767 Khendjer Minimum 4 yrs and 3 months  c. 1765 Imyremeshaw — ? Antef V — ? Sobekhotep III 4 years and 2 months c. 1755 Neferhotep I 11 years  1751–1740 Sobekhotep IV 10 or 11 years 1740–1730 Sobekhotep V — c. 1730 Wahibre Ibiau 10 years & 8 months c. 1725–1714 Merneferre Ay 23 years & 8 months c. 1714–1691 Merhotepre Ini 2 years & 2 months ? Sankhenre Sewadjtu — ? Mersekhemre Ini — ? Sewadjkare Hori — ?

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

 Name Comments Dates Dudimose I — c. 1654 Dudimose II — ? Senebmiu — ? Mentuhotep V — ? Senaaib — ?

 Fourteenth Dynasty 
The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Xois (Avaris), that ruled from around 1705 to around 1690 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Nehesy - c. 1705 Khakherewre ? - ? Nebefawre - c. 1704 Sehebre ? - ? Merdjefare - c. 1699 Sewadjkare ? - ? Nebdjefare - c. 1694 Webenre ? - ? ? - ? —djefare ? - ? —webenre - c. 1690

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

 Name Comments Dates Sheshi —  Yakubher — ?

The Turin King List provides an additional 25 names, some fragmentary, and no dates. None are attested to elsewhere, and all are of very dubious provenance.

 Fifteenth Dynasty 
The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyksos people: desert Bedouins who emerged out of the Fertile Crescent to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Salitis Sakir-Har - ?  Khyan - 30-40 Years Apepi - 40 Years or more Khamudi - ? -1535

 Sixteenth Dynasty 
The Sixteenth Dynasty was a local native kingdom from Thebes who ruled Egypt for between 80 and 100 years, according to Kim Ryholt.
 Name Comments Dates - name of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered - Djehuti (Sekhemresementawy)  –  3 yrs Sobekhotep VIII (Sekhemreseusertawy)  –  16 yrs Neferhotep III (Sekhemresankhtawy)  –  1 yr Mentuhotep VI (Sankhenre)  –  1 yr Nebiriau I (Sewadjenre)  –  26 yrs Nebiriau II  –   Semenre  –   Bebiankh (Seuserenre)  –  12 yrs (Sekhemre Shedwast)  –   - The names of five kings are lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered. Their identity is uncertain -

Some sources include as many as six more names –

 Seventeenth Dynasty 
The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BC:
 Name Comments Dates Rahotep Sekhemrewahkhau - 1650- ? Sobekemsaf I Sekhemreshedtawy - 3 years Intef VI Sekhemrewepmaat  - -  Intef VII Nebkheperre - Intef VIII Sekhemreheruhirmaat - - Sobekemsaf II Sekhemrewadjkhau - -  Tao I the Elder (ie: Senakhtenre) - c. 1558 Tao II the Brave (Seqenenre) - c. 1558-1554 Kamose - 1554-1549

 New Kingdom 
The New Kingdom is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.

Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into Nubia in the south, and held wide territories in the Near East. Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria.

Two of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, and Ramesses II, who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reconquest led to the Battle of Qadesh, where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king Muwatalli II.

 Eighteenth Dynasty 
The Eighteenth Dynasty ruled from 1550 to 1295 BC:
 Name Comments Dates Ahmose I, Ahmosis I Successor to Kamose, above. 1550-1525 Amenhotep I - 1525-1504 Thutmose I - 1504-1492 Thutmose II - 1492-1479 Thutmose III Often called the "Napoleon of Egypt." Dominated early in his reign by his stepmother Hatshepsut; after she died, he began expanding Egyptian rule into the Levant. 1479-1425 Hatshepsut The second known female ruler, though quite possibly the seventh (the reigns of five other women are likely, but disputed). Recent evidence suggests she died of bone cancer.1473-1458 Amenhotep II - 1425-1400 Thutmose IV - 1400-1390 Amenhotep III The Magnificent King His name means Lord of the truth is Ra. He ruled Egypt at the peak of her glory, his mortuary temple was the largest ever built, but was destroyed by Rameses II to build his own temple. Thought to be the grandfather of Tutankhamun 1390-1352 Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten Founder of brief period of a solar-centered religion (Atenism) His original name means "Amun is pleased." 1352-1334 Smenkhkare Co-regent and successor of Akhenaten. The identity of this individual is uncertain and disputed. Usually believed to be either a son or son-in-law of Akhenaten but sometimes identified as Akhenaten's wife Nefertiti. Other scholars distinguish two individuals between Akhenaten and Tutankhamun, namely Smenkhkare, who is then seen as male, and a female ruler, who is then most often identified as Akhenaten's eldest daughter Meritaten  1334-1333 Tutankhaten/Tutankhamun Commonly believed to be the son of Akhenaten, probably reinstated the polytheistic religion and the name change reflects the change in primary deity from Aten to Amun. 1333-1324 Ay - 1324-1320 Horemheb Former General and advisor to Tutankhamun. Obliterated images of the Amarna queens and kings (all except Amenhotep III and Tiye). 1320-1292

 Nineteenth Dynasty 
The Nineteenth Dynasty ruled from 1292 to 1186 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs: रामेसेस द्वितीय the Great:

 Name Comments Dates Ramesses I - 1292-1290 Seti I - 1290-1279 रामेसेस द्वितीय the Great The ruler usually associated with Moses; he reached a stalemate with the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh in 1275 BC, after which a peace treaty was signed in 1258 BC. 1279-1213 Merneptah A stele describing his campaigns in Libya and Canaan contains the first known reference to the Israelites. 1213-1203 Amenemses - 1203-1200 Seti II - 1203-1197 Merneptah Siptah - 1197-1191 Tausret A rare female ruler also known as Tawosret in some places, she was probably the wife of Seti II. 1191-1190

 Twentieth Dynasty 
The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1185 to 1069 BC:

 Name Comments Dates Setnakhte - 1190-1186 Ramesses III Fought the Sea Peoples in 1175 BC. 1186-1155 Ramesses IV - 1155-1149 Ramesses V - 1149-1145 Ramesses VI - 1145-1137 Ramesses VII - 1137-1130 Ramesses VIII - 1130-1129 Ramesses IX - 1129-1111 Ramesses XGrimal (1992) p.291 - 1111-1107 Ramesses XI Ended rule sharing power with High Priest of Amun Herihor ruling in the south and Smendes I ruling in the north, a period known as wehem mesut. 1107-1077

 Third intermediate period 
The Third Intermediate Period marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.

 Twenty-first Dynasty 
The Twenty-first Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1069 to 945 BC

 Name Comments Dates Nesbanebdjed ICerny p.645 Also known as Smendes I 1077-1051 Amenemnisu - 1051-1047 Psusennes I - 1047-1001 Amenemope - 1001-992 Osorkon the Elder - * (Osochor) 992-986 Siamun - 986-967 Psusennes II - 967-943

 Twenty-second Dynasty 
The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were Libyans, ruling from around 945 to 720 BC:
 Name Comments Dates Shoshenq I Commonly believed to be the biblical Shishaq 943-922 Osorkon I - 922-887 Shoshenq II - 887-885 Takelot I - 885-872 Harsiese A rebel, at Thebes 880-860 Osorkon II - 872-837 Shoshenq III - 837-798 Shoshenq IV - 798-785 Pami - 785-778 Shoshenq V - 778-740 Osorkon IV - 740-720

 Twenty-third Dynasty 
The Twenty-third Dynasty was a local group, again of Libyan origin, based at Herakleopolis and Thebes that ruled from 836 to c.735 BC:
 Name Comments Dates Takelot II Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd 837-813 Pedubast A rebel—seized Thebes from Takelot II 826-801 Iuput I - 812-811 Shoshenq VI Successor to Pedubast 801-795 Osorkon III Son of Takelot II- recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king 795-767 Takelot III - 773-765 Rudamun - 765-762

 The Libu 
Not reckoned a dynasty as such, the Libu were yet another group of western nomads (Libyans) who occupied the western Delta from 805 to 732 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Inamunnifnebu - 805-795 ? - 795-780 Niumateped - 780-755 Titaru - 763-755 Ker - 755-750 Rudamon - 750-745 Ankhor - 745-736 Tefnakht - 736-732

 Twenty-fourth Dynasty 
The Twenty-fourth Dynasty was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (Sais), with only two Pharaoh ruling from 732 to 720 BC.

 Name Comments Dates Tefnakhte - 732-725 Bakenrenef (Bocchoris) - 725-720

 Late period 
The Late Period runs from 732 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome in 30 BC, and includes periods of rule by Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians.

 Twenty-fifth Dynasty 
Nubians invaded Egypt in 732 BC and took the throne of Egypt, establishing the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC.
 Name Comments Dates Piye King of Nubia; conquered Egypt in 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years 752-721 Shabaka - 721-707 Shebitku Synchronism with Sargon II of Assyria establishes his accession date at 707/706 BC 707-690 Taharqa - 690-664 Tantamani lost control of Upper Egypt in 656 BC when Psamtik I extended his authority into Thebes in that year. 664-653

They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at Napata (656-590), and, later, at Meroë (590 BC-4th cent. AD).

 Twenty-sixth Dynasty 
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty ruled from around 672 to 525 BC.

 Name Comment Dates Necho I - 672 – 664 BC Psamtik I - 664 – 610 BC Necho II - 610 – 595 BC Psamtik II - 595 – 589 BC Wahibre - 589 – 570 BC Ahmose II - 570 – 526 BC Psamtik III - 526 – 525 BC

 Twenty-seventh Dynasty 
Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and annexed by the Persians until 404 BC. The Achaemenid shahs were acknowledged as pharaohs in this era, forming a "Twenty-seventh" Dynasty:

 Name Comments Dates Cambyses II - 525 – 521 BC Smerdis the Usurper - 522 – 521 BC Darius I the Great - 521 – 486 BC Xerxes I the Great - 486 – 465 BC Artabanus the Hyrcanian - 465 – 464 BC Artaxerxes I Longhand - 464 – 424 BC Xerxes II claimant 424 – 423 BC Sogdianus claimant 424 – 423 BC Darius II 424 – 404 BC

 Twenty-eighth Dynasty 
The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:
 Name Comments Dates Amyrtaeus Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians 404 – 398 BC

 Twenty-ninth Dynasty 
The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:
 Name Comments Dates Nefaarud I Also known as Nepherites 398 – 393 BC Psammuthes - 393 BC Hakor (Achoris) - 393 – 380 BC Nefaarud II - 380 BC
 Thirtieth Dynasty 
The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC:
 Name Comments Dates Nectanebo I Also known as Nekhtnebef 380 – 362 BC Teos of Egypt - 362 – 360 BC Nectanebo II - 360 – 343 BC

 Thirty-first Dynasty 
Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty:
 Name Comments Dates Artaxerxes III Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time 343–338 BC Artaxerxes IV Arses Only reigned in Lower Egypt 338–336 BC Khababash Leader of a Nubian revolt in Upper Egypt 338–335 BC Darius III Codomannus Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC 336–332 BC

Argead Dynasty
The Macedonians under Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:

 Name Comments Dates Alexander III the Great Macedon conquered Persia and Egypt 332–323 BC Philip III Arrhidaeus Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great 323–317 BC Alexander IV of Macedon Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana 317–309 BC

 Ptolemaic Dynasty 
The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency):

 Name Comments Dates Ptolemy I Soter Abdicated in 285 BC; died in 283 BC 305–285 BC Berenice I Wife of Ptolemy I ?-285 BC Ptolemy II Philadelphos - 288–246 BC Arsinoe I Wife of Ptolemy II 284/81-ca. 274 BC Arsinoe II Wife of Ptolemy II 277-270 BC Ptolemy III Euergetes I - 246–222 BC Berenice II Wife of Ptolemy III 244/3-222 BC Ptolemy IV Philopator - 222–204 BC Arsinoe III Wife of Ptolemy IV 220-204 BC Hugronaphor Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South 205-199 BC Ankhmakis Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South 199-185 BC Ptolemy V Epiphanes Upper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC 204–180 BC Cleopatra I Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority 193-176 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor Died 145 BC 180–164 BC Cleopatra II Wife of Ptolemy VI 173-164 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Proclaimed king by Alexandrians in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Died 116 BC 171–163 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BC 163-145 BC Cleopatra II Married Ptolemy VIII; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt. 163-127 BC Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Proclaimed co-ruler by father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II 145-144 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Restored 145-131 BC Cleopatra III Second wife of Ptolemy VIII 142-131 BC Ptolemy Memphitis Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII 131 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Restored  127-116 BC Cleopatra III Restored with Ptolemy VIII; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X. 127-107 BC Cleopatra II Reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy until 116. 124-116 BC Ptolemy IX Soter II Died 80 BC 116–110 BC Cleopatra IV Shortly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III 116-115 BC Ptolemy X Alexander I Died 88 BC 110–109 BC Ptolemy IX Soter II Restored 109–107 BC Ptolemy X Alexander I Restored 107–88 BC Ptolemy IX Soter II Restored again 88–81 BC Berenice III Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later 81-80 BC Ptolemy XI Alexander II Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III 80 BC Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) Son of Ptolemy IX; died 51 BC 80–58 BC Cleopatra V Tryphaena Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV ?-57 BC Cleopatra VI Daughter of Ptolemy XII ?-58 BC Berenice IV Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but has him strangled 58–55 BC Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Restored; reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death 55–51 BC Cleopatra VII Jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply as Cleopatra 51–30 BC Ptolemy XIII Brother of Cleopatra VII 51–47 BC Arsinoe IV In opposition to Cleopatra VII 48-47 BC Ptolemy XIV Younger brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII 47–44 BC Ptolemy XV Caesarion Infant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra 44–30 BC

 रोम 
Cleopatra VII had an affair with Roman Dictator Julius Caesar, and Roman General Marc Antony, but it was not until after her suicide in 30 BC (after Marc Antony was defeated by Octavian, who would later be the emperor Augustus) that Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC.
Subsequent Roman Emperors were accorded the title of Pharaoh, although exclusively while in Egypt. One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius. See the list of Roman emperors.

 Fictional Pharaohs 
Imaginative authors have created fictitious monarchs of ancient Egypt, including:

 Akhenemkhanem, Atem, and Seto, in the manga and anime Yu-Gi-Oh!

 Akmen-Ra in the book and movie Night at the Museum.

 Aneh-Tet, a fictional Egyptian queen featured in the film Legion of the Dead.

 Kih-Oskh, in Cigars of the Pharaoh, part of The Adventures of Tintin.

 Neb-Maat and Rama-Tut, in Marvel Comics.

 Rubatitti, the fictional founder of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt (the real founder being Sneferu) featured in the horror spoof Carry On Screaming!.

 Upshe and Hammon-Ra, both from the animated series Count Duckula.

 देखें 
 Conventional Egyptian chronology
 Egyptian chronology
 मिस्र का इतिहास
 Lists of office-holders
 The Greatest Pharaohs
 Pharaoh of the Exodus

 टिप्पणी 

 सन्दर्भ 
 J. H. Breasted, History of Egypt from the Earliest Time to the Persian Conquest, 1909
 J. Cerny, 'Egypt from the Death of Ramesses III to the End of the Twenty-First Dynasty' in The Middle East and the Aegean Region c.1380-1000 BC, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-08691-4
 Clayton, Peter A. (1994) Chronicle of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt Thames and Hudson, New York, ISBN 0-500-05074-0
 Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3
 Sir Alan Gardiner Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, Third Edition, Revised. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Excursus A, pp. 71-76.
 Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, (Blackwell Books: 1992)
 Murnane, William J. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. No. 40. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1977
 Michael Rice, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge 1999
 Ryholt, Kim & Steven Bardrum. 2000. "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris." Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 127' Shaw, Ian. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt., Oxford University Press, 2000.
 Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt'', Routledge 1999, ISBN 0-415-18633-1
 Verner, Miroslav, The Pyramids - Their Archaeology and History, Atlantic Books, 2001, ISBN 1-84354-171-8

बाहरी कड़ियाँ
 Egyptian Royal Genealogy
 Manetho and the King Lists Review of different primary king lists
 Problems with Manetho's "Reign of the Gods" Page with different versions of god king lists
 Chronology Table - 0 Dynasty&History Period, by Dariusz Sitek Multi-pages of list of pharaohs in different king lists, without the god kings, in Egyptian hieroglyphs and English
 Egyptian Journey 2003: History: King Lists Hyperlink texts of the Manetho, Abydos & Turin king lists, without the god-kings
 Digital Egypt for Universities
 Ancient Egyptian papyrus collection and stories behind each scene, Egyptian museum masterpieces reproductions


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