ʻO Paswan

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ʻO ka Paswan, ʻike ʻia ʻo Dusadh, kahi kaiāulu Dalit mai ka hikina India .  Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Bihar,  Uttar Pradesh a me Jharkhand . ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Urdu Paswan ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiaʻi a i ʻole "kekahi e pale aku". ʻO ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo, no ka hilinaʻi o ke kaiāulu, ke waiho nei i ko lākou komo ʻana i ke kaua me Siraj-ud-daulah, ka Nawab o Bengal ma ke kauoha a ka British East India Company, a ma hope ua uku ʻia lākou me ka noho o Chowkidars a me ka ʻauhau ʻauhau lathi e lawe ana no nā Zamindars . Hāhai lākou i kekahi mau hana e like me ka hele ʻana i ke ahi e hōʻoia i ko lākou koa.

 ʻEtimology 
Wahi a nā Paswans i ko lākou kumu mai kekahi mau poʻe a me nā huapalapala epic i mea e ʻimi ai i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ko lākou nohona. Manaʻo kekahi ʻo Paswan no Rahu lākou i hele mai ai, kahi mana nui loa a me kekahi o nā paneta ma nā moʻolelo moʻomeheu Hindu, ʻoiai kekahi e ʻōlelo ana no Dushasana lākou, kekahi o nā aliʻi Kaurava. ʻO nā hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ke kumu mai "Gahlot Kshatriya" e mau nei ma waena o kekahi o ka poʻe castemen, akā ʻike kekahi i nā hoʻopiʻi me ka hoʻowahāwahā, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake e pili pū me Rajputs . 

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e kekahi mau Bhumihars ʻo lākou nā mamo o ka male kea ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine o nā castes ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻole ke kaiāulu Paswan i kēia mau kumumanaʻo a hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ke kumu o ka inoa 'Dusadh' e waiho nei ma Dusadh, ʻo ia hoʻi "paʻakikī e lanakila ʻia".

 Mōʻaukala 
Ka mea, ua, ua manaoia e lilo i untouchable kaiāulu.  Ma Bihar, he ʻāina ʻole lākou, he limahana mahiʻai a he kiaʻi kiaʻi a me nā ʻelele i ka wā kahiko.  Ma mua o ka makahiki 1900, hoʻohana lākou i ka puaʻa hope ma Uttar Pradesh a me Bihar hoʻi. Pale ka poʻe Pasikana i ka hana o ka hānai puaʻa ma o ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma ke ʻano he papahana e kūʻē i nā Mahometa . ʻ Theylelo lākou, i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho mai nā Mahometa, hoʻohana nā kaikamahine Paswan i nā ʻākoakoa i hana ʻia mai nā iwi puaʻa a mālama i nā puaʻa ma ko lākou mau puka, no ka huhū o ka poʻe Mahometa me nā puaʻa. Ma muli o ka hānai ʻia ʻana o Rajputs o Rajasthan a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā puaʻa ʻāhiu, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e pale aku i kēia ʻoihana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana Zamindari, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana kuʻuna o ka lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi ke hāʻawi i ke ola. lākou. 

Ua pili pū kekahi ʻo Pasewans i ka mōʻaukala me ka hana koa  a he nui nā mea i hakakā ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka East India Company ma ka 18th kenekulia i ka Bengal Army.  Ua hōʻike ka Helu 2011 o India no Uttar Pradesh i ka heluna Paswan, ka mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he CAST i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, ma kahi o 230,593.  Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu kanaka like i ka heluna kanaka o 4,945,165 ma Bihar. 

ʻO Chaurarmal ka meʻe kanaka o nā poʻe Paswans . Ma loko o ka moʻomeheu Paswan, ʻike nui ʻia ka moʻolelo o Chauharmal a me Reshma. ʻO Reshma, ke kaikamahine a kahi konohiki mana Bhumihar, hoʻonāukiuki iā Chauharmal e male iā ia e kūʻē i ka makemake o kona makuakāne. Ma hope ua kū ʻo Chauharmal i ka makuakāne o kāna mea aloha a lanakila iā ia, e hōʻailona ana i ka lanakila o ke kaiāulu ma luna o kā lākou poʻe hoʻokaumaha Bhumihar.  ʻO nā mana ʻē aʻe o ka moʻolelo i hōʻole i kēia ʻōlelo mana ma ke koi ʻana iā Chauharmal i hānau ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana Brahmin i ka wā hānau mua ʻoiai ʻo Reshma i hānau ʻia kāna wahine.  

Ma waho o Chauharmal Baba, hoʻomana kekahi mau Dusadh iā Gauriya Baba. ʻO kēia meʻe meʻe e like me kā lākou kuʻuna waha i ka wā o ka noho aliʻi ʻo Mughal ma India. Wahi a nā kamaʻāina ua holo ʻo ia i ka lio a pale aku ʻaʻole wale i kāna mau castemen ponoʻī akā ʻo nā Hindus ʻē aʻe me nā Rajputs mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā koa Mughal a me ka hoʻohuli ikaika i ka hoʻomana Islam . Ua kanu ʻo Baba i ke poʻo o ka puaʻa i mua o kona hale e waiho ana ma ka lihi o ke kauhale. ʻOiai he anathema nā puaʻa no nā Mahometa, pale ia i ke kauhale mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā koa Mughal ka mea nui i ka Muslim. 

 Kālaiʻāina 
I ka makahiki 1900, ua lilo ka hui caste i ʻano hana nui e kūleʻa ai no nā pono kaiāulu a me nā politika. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui o ka caste o nā kime ʻike politika i kēia manawa. E like me Koeri, Kurmi a me Yadav kaiāulu, ua hana ʻo Paswans i kā lākou Paswan Sabha ponoʻī i 1911 e hoʻopiʻi i ke kūlana Kshatriya. ʻO lākou ka mea ma waena o Dalits e hoʻokō i kēia mele. 

Ua kū aʻe ka poʻe Paswans ma ke ʻano he mana politika ma Bihar, ma hope o ke ala hou ʻana o ke alakaʻi kaiāulu ʻo Ram Vilas Paswan . Ua lana ʻo Paswan i ka Lok Janshakti Party, a lilo i mea pili i ka Lalu Prasad Yadav -led Rashtriya Janata Dal . Ma mua, ua koho nā Dalits me ke kaiāulu Paswan no ka ʻAhaʻōlelo akā i ka manawa o ke kuikahi RJD-LJP ua lilo lākou i mea kākoʻo i kahi poloka i hoʻokomo pū ʻia me kā lākou makemake nui ʻo ka ʻAhaʻōlelo a me ka LJP koho hou. He paʻakikī e wānana i ka ʻikepili maoli e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka o nā hui caste like ʻole akā e like me nā mea kālaiʻike politika, ʻo kēia poloka hou o RJD-Congress i kōkua ʻia e LJP i kauoha nui ʻia mai ke kākoʻo mai Yadav, Muslim a me Paswan kaiāulu. Ua kūleʻa kēia axis social e hoʻopau i ke kuʻikahi JDU-BJP ma 2004 Lok Sabha koho o Bihar. 

Ma mua, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e aloha iā Paswans e ke aliʻi RJD ʻo Laloo Yadav (ʻo ia ke Kuhina Nui o Bihar), nāna i hōʻike iā Chauharmal ma ke ʻano he kiʻi a hoʻāʻo e hoʻolaulea iā lākou me kāna politika o ka hoʻoponopono kaiaulu. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi Chauharmal Mela ma 1995. ʻO Ram Vilas Paswan kekahi i kēia kaua, nāna i kuhikuhi i ʻelua e hoʻokūkū iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he alo maoli o kēia kaiāulu a e ʻohi hoʻi i ke kākoʻo no kāna hui i hoʻokumu hou ʻia, ʻo Dalit Sena. 

Māhele:Hōʻike Hōʻikeʻike o Bihar a me Uttarpradesh
Māhele:Pūʻulu Kaiāulu o Bihar
Māhele:Nā kaiāulu Dalit
Māhele:ʻO Gehlot Rajput
Māhele:Nā kaiāulu ʻo Rajput