Galileo Galilei

He kanaka naʻauao ʻepekema Ikālia ʻo Galileo Galilei (15 Pepeluali 1564 – 8 Ianuali 1642). He mea nui kona kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka telescope astronomical a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻike nui o ka universe. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka Scientific Revolution a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "makua o ka physics experimental modern." Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ko kākou ʻike no ka honua a me kona wahi i loko o ka universe.

 Ke ola mua 
Hānau ʻia ʻo Galileo ma Pisa, ʻIkālia, i ka makua kāne ʻo Vincenzo Galilei, he mea pila a mea hoʻokani pū kaulana, a me ka makuahine ʻo Giulia Ammannati. Aʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Kulanui o Pisa ma ka makahiki 1581, kahi āna i hoʻomaka ai e aʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā, hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna kumuhana aʻo i ka mathematics ma muli o kona makemake nui i nā helu.

 Ke aʻo ʻana 
Ma ke kula, aʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o Aristotle a me nā mea naʻauao kahiko ʻē aʻe. Akā, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūʻē i kekahi o ko lākou mau manaʻo ma o ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka hōʻike experimental. Ma ka makahiki 1589, ua lilo ʻo ia i professor ma ka Kulanui o Pisa. Ma ka makahiki 1592, neʻe ʻo ia i ka Kulanui o Padua, kahi āna i aʻo ai no 18 mau makahiki.

 Nā ʻike nui 
 Ka telescope 
Ma ka makahiki 1609, lohe ʻo Galileo e pili ana i kekahi mea nānā i hana ʻia ma Hōlani. Hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kāna telescope ponoʻī, e hiki ai ke nānā i nā mea ma ka lani he 30 manawa ʻoi aku ka nui. Me kēia mea hana, ʻike ʻo ia i:

 Nā mahina o Iupika
 ʻIke ʻo ia i ʻehā mahina
 Kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Medicean Stars
 I kēia lā, kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Galilean moons

 Nā kukuna o Saturna
 ʻIke mua ʻo ia i nā kukuna
 ʻAʻole maopopo loa iā ia ke ʻano o nā kukuna
 Ma hope, hoʻomaopopo ʻia e Christiaan Huygens

 Nā phases o Venusa
 Hōʻoia kēia i ka heliocentrism
 Hōʻike i ke poʻo like ʻana me ka mahina
 He mea nui kēia no ka hoʻohiō ʻana i ka manaʻo geocentric

 Nā kinohi ma luna o ka Mahina
 Hōʻike i ka ʻole o ka hemolele o ka lani
 Kākau ʻo ia i ka puke Sidereus Nuncius
 Kaha kiʻi ʻo ia i nā kinohi a pau āna i ʻike ai

 Ka physics 
Hana ʻo Galileo i nā hoʻāʻo nui e pili ana i:

 Ka gravity
 Ka hāʻule like ʻana o nā mea kaumaha like ʻole
 Ka hoʻāʻo kaulana ma ka Hale Hoʻokolokolo o Pisa
 Ka hōʻole ʻana i ka manaʻo o Aristotle

 Ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea
 Ke principle of inertia
 Ka acceleration
 Ka projectile motion
 Nā lawa o ka mechanics

 Ka pendulum
 Ka synchronicity
 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pendulum no ka ana manawa
 Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka horologe

 Ka relativity
 Ka principle o ka relativity
 Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka relative motion
 Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka physics modern

 Nā hana ʻē aʻe 
Hana pū ʻo Galileo i:
 Ka thermoscope (ka mea ana wela mua)
 Ka military compass
 Kekahi microscope compound
 Ka water lifting machine

 Ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻana 
 Ke kūʻē ʻana i ka Hale Pule 
Ma ka makahiki 1633, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Galileo e ka Catholic Church no kona kākoʻo ʻana i ka manaʻo heliocentrism a Copernicus, ka manaʻo e kū ana ka Lā ma ka waena o ka solar system. 

 Ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana 
 Koi ʻia ʻo ia e hōʻole i kāna mau manaʻo
 Hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e noho paʻa ma kona hale
 Pāpā ʻia ka paʻi hou ʻana i kāna mau puke
 ʻAʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio me nā mea ʻepekema ʻē aʻe

 Ka noho paʻa ʻana 
Noho paʻa ʻo ia ma kona hale ma Arcetri no nā makahiki hope o kona ola. I kēia manawa:
 Hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻepekema
 Kākau ʻo ia i kāna puke hope loa
 Mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e kekahi mau hoa ʻepekema koʻikoʻi
 Makapo ʻo ia i nā makahiki hope

 Ka hopena 
Make ʻo Galileo ma Arcetri, kokoke i Florence, ma ka makahiki 1642. Ua lilo kāna hana i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema modern a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko kākou honua.

 Kona hoʻoilina 
 Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻepekema
 Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka physics experimental
 Hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mathematics i ka physics
 Kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka scientific method

 Ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻana 
 Nā kikowaena ʻepekema he nui i kapa ʻia ma kona inoa
 Ka Galileo space mission i Iupika
 Nā telescope nui ma ka honua
 Nā makana ʻepekema i kapa ʻia nona

 Nā puke koʻikoʻi 
 Sidereus Nuncius (1610)
 Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632)
 Two New Sciences (1638)

Māhele:Poʻe ʻepekema
Māhele:Poʻe Ikālia