Jane Eleanor Datcher

Jane Eleanor "Nellie" Datcher (1868 – 24 ga Fabrairu, 1934) ƙwararriyar masaniyar tsirrai ce 'yar Amurka kuma mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta sami digiri na gaba daga Jami'ar Cornell a 1890.  name="psb"> Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Dunbar da ke Washington, DC kuma memba ce ta kafa ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Collegiate.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Jane Eleanor Datcher a shekarar 1868 kuma ta girma a Washington, DC,  name="cornell"> 'yar Samuel da Mary Victoria Cook Datcher. Kakanta na wajen uwa, Rev. John Francis Cook, Sr., shine fasto na farko na cocin Fifteenth Street Presbyterian da ke Washington, DC 

 Ilimi 
Datcher ta halarci makarantun gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu waɗanda membobin al'ummar Baƙar fata ke gudanarwa a Washington, DC A shekara ta 1877, ta sami takardar shaidar nasarar karatunta daga Makarantun Gwamnati na Gundumar Columbia .  name="cornell">Cobb, Ed (January 24, 2020). "Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell". Cornell University. School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee. Retrieved 26 November 2020. A shekara ta 1886, Jane ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Cornell tana da shekaru 19 tare da ɗan uwanta, Charles Chauveau Cook . Ita ce kaɗai makarantar da za ta ilmantar da su duka.  Ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya daga Cornell a shekara ta 1890 saboda bincikenta kan nau'in Hepatica triloba da Hepatica acutiloba . "The Importance of the Early Students" (PDF). Plant Science Bulletin. 60 (3). Botanical Society of America: 144. 2014. Ta kasance cikin 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa uku na farko da suka kammala karatunsu daga Cornell, tare da ɗan uwanta Charles da George Washington Fields . Saboda kyakkyawan karatunta a lokacin shekarunta a Cornell, Datcher ta sami damar zama a tsakiyar layin gaba a cikin hoton kammala karatun Cornell na 1890. 

'Yan uwan Datcher sama da 20 sun halarci Cornell. Daga ƙarshe ɗan uwanta, Charles C. Cook, ya shiga ma'aikatan Jami'ar Howard a matsayin farfesa kuma shugaban Sashen Turanci.  Datcher ya ci gaba da zuwa Makarantar Likitanci ta Howard daga 1893 zuwa 1894. Cobb, Ed (January 24, 2020). "Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell". Cornell University. School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

 Shekarun da suka gabata da kuma gado 
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Cornell, Datcher ya taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Collegiate (wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Colored Women's League ), wata ƙungiya da Mary Church Terrell ke gudanarwa a matsayin wata hanya ga mata baƙaƙe masu ilimi. Wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗu a karon farko a Washington DC a lokacin bazara na 1892 don yin shawarwari kan inganta yanayin yara baƙaƙe, mata da talakawan birni. Sauran fitattun mata da suka halarta sun haɗa da Anna Julia Cooper, Helen Appo Cook, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, Charlotte Forten Grimké, Mary Jane Patterson, Evelyn Shaw . Duk da cewa waɗanda suka kafa ta sun yi adawa da wariyar launin fata, suna son buɗe membobinsu ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun Howard da sauran waɗanda ake kira "kwalejoji masu tsattsauran ra'ayi," waɗanda aka hana su zama membobinsu a cikin ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta White Association of Collegiate . 

Datcher ta koyar da ilmin sinadarai a Makarantar Sakandare ta Dunbar har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta a shekarar 1934. An san Dunbar a matsayin makarantar sakandare mafi kyau ga ɗaliban baƙar fata a yankin, kuma iyaye suna ba da bas ga ɗalibansu daga garuruwan da ke kewaye don halartar makarantar da kuma samun ingantaccen ilimi. Wannan makarantar ta ba wa Datcher damar koyar da ɗaliban baƙar fata a matakin ilimi mai zurfi, yayin da kuma take samun albashin daidai gwargwado tare da malaman makarantun fararen fata na Washington.

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