Tafseer-e-Usmani

Tafseer-e-Usmani or Tarjuma Shaykh al-Hind ( Urdu   شیخ الہند ) fassarar Alƙur'ani ce ta Urdu da kuma fassararta. An sanya mata suna ne bayan babban marubucinta, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, wanda ya fara fassarar a shekarar 1909. Daga baya Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya haɗu da shi don kammala tafsirin. Fassarar ta sami karɓuwa da yabo daga Musulmai masu jin harshen Urdu saboda tsarin iliminta da kuma fahimtar rubutun Alƙur'ani. Gwamnatin Saudiyya ta buga sigar fassarar Urdu a shekarar 1989 ta hanyar King Fahd Complex don Buga Alƙur'ani Mai Tsarki, yayin da Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta buga fassarar Bengali a shekarar 1996 ta hanyar Islamic Foundation Bangladesh . 

 Bayani 
Asalin da tarihin Tafseer-e-Usmani za a iya gano su tun farkon ƙarni na 20 a yankin Indiya. Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, wani malami kuma jagora da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Deobandi ne ya fara wannan aikin. Mahmud Hasan Deobandi ya fara fassara Alƙur'ani zuwa Urdu a shekarar 1909.  A lokacin fassarar, an kama Mahmud Hasan Deobandi da wasu abokan aikinsa saboda hannunsu a cikin ƙungiyar Haruffa ta Siliki, wata ƙungiyar siyasa da ke adawa da mulkin Birtaniya a Indiya, kuma aka tura su gidan yari a Malta . Duk da cewa an tsare shi, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi ya ci gaba da aikinsa kan fassarar Alƙur'ani. Ya yi amfani da lokacinsa a Malta don kammala fassarar, kuma zuwa 1918, ya kammala aikin. A lokacin da yake tsare, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi shi ma ya fara rubuta bayanai masu bayani a cikin rubutun, yana ba da nau'in tafsiri tare da fassarar. Mahmud Hasan Deobandi ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Rabi'ul Awal 1338 (kalandar Musulunci) kafin ya kammala dukkan tafsirin.  A lokacin rasuwarsa, ya kammala tafsirin An-Nisa, inda ya bar wani aiki da bai kammala ba. Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, wani malami kuma almajirin Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, ya ɗauki nauyin ci gaba da kammala tafsirin. Usmani ya sadaukar da kansa ga kammala Tafsirin-e-Usmani. Haɗaɗɗen ƙoƙarin Mahmud Hasan Deobandi da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya haifar da kammala Tafsirin-e-Usmani, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama sananne a matsayin fassarar Urdu da fassarar Alƙur'ani mai mahimmanci. 

 Hanyar 
Babban manufar Tafseer-e-Usmani ita ce samar da fahimtar ayoyin Alƙur'ani da kuma saƙonninsu na asali. Tana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don cimma wannan burin. Hanyar Tafseer-e-Usmani, sai Mahmud Hasan Deobandi sannan Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya ci gaba, ta samo asali ne daga hanyar gargajiya ta fassara Alƙur'ani. Abubuwan da ke tafe sun nuna hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita a Tafseer-e-Usmani: 

1. Nazarin Harsuna: Tafseer-e-Usmani ya yi cikakken nazari kan harshen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ayoyin Alƙur'ani. Yana bincika ma'anonin kalmomi, jimloli, da tsarin nahawu, tare da la'akari da bambance-bambancen da ke cikin harshen Larabci. Wannan nazarin harshe yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar ainihin ma'anonin da aka yi niyya da su a cikin rubutun Alƙur'ani. 

2. Fahimtar Ma'anar Ma'ana: Tafseer-e-Usmani ya jaddada fahimtar ayoyin Alqur'ani a cikin mahallinsu na tarihi da zamantakewa. Yana la'akari da yanayi, abubuwan da suka faru, da al'adun da suka mamaye yayin bayyanar ayoyi na musamman. Wannan fahimtar ma'ana tana ba da haske game da ma'anoni da ma'anar rubutun Alqur'ani. 

3. Tafsir al-Quran bi al-Quran: Tafsir-e-Usmani yana bin ƙa'idar "Tafsir al-Quran bi al-Quran," wanda ke nufin bayyana ayoyin Alqur'ani ta amfani da wasu ayoyi daga Alqur'ani da kansa. Wannan hanyar tana tabbatar da daidaito da daidaito a cikin fassarar, domin Alqur'ani yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara nasa. ayoyi masu nuni ga juna suna taimakawa wajen samun cikakkiyar fahimtar saƙon. 

4. Majiyoyin Sahihai: Tafseer-e-Usmani ya dogara ne akan ingantattun hanyoyin samun ilimin Musulunci. Tafseer-e-Usmani ya dogara ne akan ayyukan fitattun malamai da masu sharhi kamar Shah Waliullah Dehlawi da Shah Abdul Qadir . Ta hanyar la'akari da ra'ayoyi da fahimtar malamai masu daraja, Tafseer-e-Usmani yana da niyyar gabatar da fassarar Alqur'ani mai tushe. 

5. Magance Sabani: Tafseer-e-Usmani yana magance sabanin da ke cikin ayoyin Alqur'ani. Yana ƙoƙarin samar da sulhu da bayani waɗanda suka daidaita fassarori daban-daban, yana tabbatar da fahimtar saƙon Alqur'ani daidai gwargwado. Wannan hanyar tana taimakawa wajen kawar da shakku da rashin fahimta. 

6. Fahimtar Shari'a: Tafseer-e-Usmani ya haɗa da fahimtar shari'a da ta shafi ayoyin Alƙur'ani. Yana bincika ma'anar shari'a, koyarwar ɗabi'a, da kuma jagora da suka shafi shari'ar Musulunci (Shari'a). Ta hanyar bayar da bayanai kan shari'a, Tafseer-e-Usmani yana taimaka wa masu karatu wajen fahimtar aikace-aikacen ƙa'idodin Alƙur'ani a aikace. 

7. Gabatarwa Mai Daidaito: Tafseer-e-Usmani ya gabatar da fassarar ayoyin Alƙur'ani cikin tsari mai tsari. Ya mayar da hankali kan kiyaye kwararar bayanai da fahimta mai ma'ana, yana tabbatar da cewa masu karatu za su iya bin tafsirin ba tare da fuskantar wani cikas ko rudani ba. 

 Siffofi 
A cewar Muhammad Wali Razi, Tafseer-e-Usmani yana da siffofi daban-daban da ke taimakawa ga muhimmancinsa. Waɗannan siffofi sune kamar haka: 

1. Cikakken bayani kuma mai cikakken bayani: Tafseer-e-Usmani yana ba da cikakken bayani da fassarar ayoyin Alƙur'ani mai cikakken bayani. Masu karatu ba sa buƙatar duba ayyukan tafsiri masu cikakken bayani domin yana da nufin samar da cikakkiyar fahimta a cikin tsarinsa.

2. Bayyanannen alaƙa tsakanin ayoyi: Tafseer-e-Usmani ya yi bayani dalla-dalla game da alaƙar (rabt) tsakanin ayoyin Alƙur'ani daban-daban. Yana tabbatar da jin ci gaba da haɗin kai yayin nazarin Alƙur'ani, yana bawa masu karatu damar fahimtar saƙon haɗin kai da aka isar a cikin rubutun.

3. Magance Sabanin da ke Bayyana: Tafsirin da ke cikin Tafseer-e-Usmani yana magance kuma yana bayani dalla-dalla kan duk wani sabani da ke bayyana a cikin ayoyin Alqur'ani. Yana bayar da bayanai a cikin mahallin da ya dace, yana kawar da rashin fahimta da shakku daga zuciyar mai karatu. Wannan halayyar tana taimakawa wajen daidaita fassarori daban-daban da kuma daidaita sakon Alqur'ani.

4. Amsoshi Masu Ma'ana ga shakku na zamani: Tafseer-e-Usmani yana bayar da amsoshi masu gamsarwa da ma'ana ga shakku da rudanin da ka iya tasowa a zukatan masu karatun zamani game da Alqur'ani. Yana magance damuwa na zamani kuma yana bayar da fahimta da bayani da suka samo asali daga ilimin Musulunci.

5. Tafsirin Sahihi: Idan akwai ra'ayoyi da fassarori daban-daban a tsakanin malamai (Mufasirin) game da takamaiman ayoyi, Tafseer-e-Usmani yana la'akari da mafi ingancin bayani bisa ga ƙa'idodin ilimi masu inganci. Wannan hanyar tana tabbatar da aminci da daidaito a cikin fassarar da aka gabatar.

6. Jagorori ta hanyar abubuwan da za su iya zama da shubuha: Tafseer-e-Usmani yana amfani da alamomi masu laushi da maganganun harshe don shiryar da masu karatu ta hanyar abubuwan da za su iya zama da shubuha. Yana hango kuma yana magance matsalolin da ka iya tasowa wajen fahimtar wasu ayoyi, yana sauƙaƙa fahimtar saƙon Alƙur'ani mai girma.

7. Harshe mara Dorewa: An ƙera harshen da ake amfani da shi a Tafseer-e-Usmani ta hanyar da za a iya fahimta da kuma sauƙin fahimta koda bayan shekaru da yawa. Zaɓin kalmomi da maganganu yana tabbatar da cewa harshen ya bayyana a matsayin na zamani, wanda hakan ke sa fassarar ta dace da tsararraki masu zuwa.

 Fassara 

 Bengali 
An fassara Tafseer-e-Usmani zuwa Bengali a cikin sigar da dama. Ɗaya daga cikin fassarorin farko an yi ta ne ta Al Quran Academy London a shekarar 1996 kuma an buga ta a cikin juzu'i 7. Gidauniyar Musulunci ta Bangladesh ta kuma buga fassarar juzu'i 4 a tsakanin 1996–1997.  An gudanar da wani bikin bugawa kwanan nan a Dhaka a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, wanda Thanwi Library ya shirya, don fassarar da Ghiyasuddin Ahmad ya yi. 

 Turanci 
An fassara Tafseer-e-Usmani zuwa Turanci a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. An buga wani sigar da ta shahara ta Idara Impex, Indiya, kuma Mohammad Ashfaq Ahmad ne ya fassara ta. 

 Larabci 
Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri yana fassara Tafseer-e-Usmani a juzu'i ta hanyar shafi na Al-Daie, Al-Fikr al-Islami . 

 Liyafar maraba 
Bilal Ahmad Wani, wani mai bincike a Jami'ar Kashmir, ya bayyana cewa Tafseer-e-Usmani yana ɗauke da teku na ilimi. Yana karyata zato da Mirzais da ƙungiyoyi marasa addini suka yi, wanda hakan ya kasance mai matuƙar muhimmanci a wannan lokacin. Abubuwan da aka ambata a cikin wannan Tafsir an samo su ne daga nassoshi na gaske. Mafi mahimmancin fasalin wannan Tafsir shine ƙin Isra'iliyat ba kawai ta hanyar rashin fahimta ba har ma ta hanyar jayayya. Fazlur Rahman Laskar, masanin digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Gauhati, ya bayyana cewa a cikin adabin tafsir na Urdu, Tafseer-e-Usmani yana da matsayi mafi girma a fannoni da dama. Wannan aikin ba shi da kwatanci a fannin hankali, magana, balaga, da zurfin tunani. 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba

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