Bhangra (dance)

Bhangra wani nau'in rawa ce ta gargajiya ta yankin Punjab na ƙasar Indiya .  A cewar Manuel (2001), bhangra yana da alaƙa musamman da bikin vernal Vaisakhi, wanda ake yi a lokacin girbi tsakanin watan Afrilu da kwata na farko na watan Mayu. 

A wani wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun, 'yan rawa da yawa suna yin bugun jiki mai ƙarfi, tsalle, da lanƙwasa jiki—sau da yawa suna motsa hannu ko kafada sama—tare da waƙoƙin gajeru da ake kira boliyan, kuma mafi mahimmanci, zuwa bugun dhol (ganga mai kai biyu).  Dhol yana buge shi da babban bugun a gefe ɗaya kuma da sanda mai sauƙi a ɗayan ɗayan, yana cika waƙar da wani abu mai kama da juna (lakabi akan raunin bugun), hali mai ƙarfi wanda gabaɗaya ya kasance alamar kiɗan bhangra.  Wata rawa mai ƙarfi ta Punjabi, bhangra ta samo asali ne daga manoman Punjabi a matsayin bikin al'adu da na jama'a; juyin halittarta ta zamani ya ba bhangra damar riƙe tushen Punjabi na gargajiya, yayin da take faɗaɗa isa ga haɗakar da haɗakar kiɗan shahara da DJ, gasa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, har ma da motsa jiki da shirye-shiryen rawa a makarantu da situdiyo. 

 Asali 
Bhangra ta samo asali ne daga gundumar Sialkot ta tarihi wadda ake ganin tana da tsari mafi tsarki ko na yau da kullun da kuma gundumomin da ke makwabtaka da ita kamar Gurdaspur, Gujranwala, Gujrat, da Shekhupura na Majha .   An ci gaba da tsarin al'umma na bhangra na gargajiya a Gurdaspur,  inda manoma suka yi bhangra don nuna jin daɗin nasara da kuma maraba da sabon lokacin girbi a lokutan kafin a raba su, kuma mutanen da suka zauna a Hoshiarpur, Punjab, Indiya ne suka ci gaba da kiyaye shi. Ana yin bhangra na gargajiya a cikin da'ira  kuma ana yin sa ta amfani da matakan rawa na gargajiya. Yanzu haka ana yin bhangra na gargajiya a wasu lokutan banda lokacin girbi.   A cewar Ganhar (1975), an shigo da bhangra  name="Ganhar"> zuwa Jammu wanda ake rawa a Baisakhi. An shigo da wasu raye-rayen gargajiya na Punjabi kamar giddhā da luḍḍī zuwa Jammu,    Balraj Puri (1983). Simmering Volcano: Study of Jammu's Relations with Kashmir   waɗanda ke da tasirin Punjabi  da kuma alaƙa da Punjab. 

 Ci gaba 
A shekarun 1950, an ga ci gaban bhangra na gargajiya a Punjab, wanda Maharaja na Patiala ya jagoranta, wanda ya nemi a yi wa bhangra wasa a shekarar 1953. Manyan masu haɓaka wannan salon sune ƙungiyar rawa wadda 'yan'uwa daga dangin Sunam Deepak (Manohar, Avtar da Gurbachan) da kuma ɗan wasan dhol Bhana Ram Sunami suka jagoranta.  An ƙirƙiri bhangra na gargajiya na kyauta a lokacin wasannin kwaikwayo waɗanda suka haɗa da motsa jiki na bhangra na gargajiya kuma sun haɗa da jerin waƙoƙi daga wasu raye-rayen Punjabi, wato Luddi, Jhumar, Dhamaal, da Gham Luddi. An haɗa waƙar gargajiya ta Punjabi, boliyan, daga Malwai Giddha .  An gudanar da gasannin Bhangra a Punjab, Indiya, tsawon shekaru da yawa, tare da Kwalejin Mohindra da ke Patiala da ke cikin shekarun 1950.

 Hasashen 
Ko da yake an kira shi da "zanen Jat ," wataƙila ba shi da takamaiman asali, maimakon haka, asali yana da alaƙa da yankin Yammacin Punjabi. Da farko, 'yan Punjabi na Gabashin Jatts sun ɗauki rawa a matsayin mace mai kama da mace, kuma wani aiki ne da aka iyakance ga rawa ta mata kamar Giddha, ko kuma ƙwararrun 'yan rawa maza (ਨਚਾਰ nachāră ) waɗanda ba a ɗauke su a matsayin masu daraja ba.

Bayan rabuwar, rawan ya shahara a tsakanin 'yan gudun hijira daga Yammacin Punjab ta hanyar nunin al'adu da harabar jami'a, yayin da ra'ayoyi suka fara canzawa. Sakamakon haka, rawan ya fara bunƙasa a Gabashin Punjab, yayin da ake danne shi a Yammacin Punjab.  Bhangra mai ƙarfi zai maye gurbin tsohuwar, wacce ta fi shahara a tarihi ਝੁੰਮਰ jhummară, kodayake yanayin bhangra na ƙarshe zai haifar da farfaɗo da jhummar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. 

Bhangra tana da alaƙa da wani tsari mai zurfi na ɗabi'un maza .  name=":1"> Yawancin waɗannan ɗabi'un an tsara su ne ta hanyar aiki, masana'antu da wadatar kai a fannin noma, aminci, 'yancin kai da jarumtaka a cikin ayyukan mutum, siyasa da na soja; kuma ci gaba da bayyana ƙarfin hali, ƙarfin hali, da girmamawa jigo ne gama gari. Amfani da dogayen sanda, ko khuṇḍā, da maza ke yi yana tunatar da raye-rayen yaƙi kamar bagha, wanda daga cikinsu aka samo asalin bhangra. 

Bhangra ta yi magana game da wasannin kwaikwayo na maza da kuma rawa ta jama'a tsakanin maza da mata.  name=":1">Mooney, Nicola (2008-09-19). "Aaja Nach Lai [Come Dance]". Ethnologies. 30 (1): 103–124. doi:10.7202/018837ar. ISSN 1708-0401. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, an kafa Bhangra a duk faɗin duniya. Ya shiga cikin al'adun Asiya masu shahara bayan an haɗa shi da salon kiɗan hip hop, house da reggae. An daidaita wasu motsin bhangra kuma an canza su akan lokaci amma a cikin zuciyarsa har yanzu yana da ma'anar asali da al'ada.  name=":2"> A al'ada, maza suna rawa da bhangra amma yanzu muna ganin maza da mata suna shiga cikin wannan salon rawa. Tare da gasannin bhangra a duk faɗin duniya, muna ganin nau'ikan mutane daban-daban suna fafatawa a cikin waɗannan tarurrukan. 

 Mata a bhangra 
A zamanin yau, yayin da bhangra "ba ta dace da mata ba kwata-kwata," yawancin matan Punjabi da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje na biyu sun haɗu da al'adunsu ta hanyar bhangra, kodayake suna fuskantar gidha na mata na gargajiya, wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan motsi mai laushi, wasan kwaikwayo, da bayar da labarai. Sau da yawa ana daidaita Bhangra don dacewa da mata a wannan yanayin, a cikin zaɓin motsi, kayan sawa, da kayan haɗi.  Wannan ya kasance tare da ƙaruwar shaharar waƙar bhangra a ƙasashen waje a shekarun 1970 da 1980, tare da haɗuwa da nau'ikan kiɗan Yamma. Mata da ke shiga bhangra, waɗanda ake gani a matsayin rawa mai ƙarfi, galibi ana motsa su ne ta hanyar ra'ayoyin zamani na daidaito, galibi suna karo da ƙa'idodin sahihanci da al'ada.  Kamar jhummar maza, yawan siyayya da bhangra ya haifar da ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da sauran raye-rayen mata kamar ਸੰਮੀ sammī . 

Raanyan Di Raunaq ita ce gasar Bhangra ta farko da aka yi a Indiya wacce mata suka fito daga ciki.  Ko da yake akwai mata da yawa da ke yin wasan Bhangra, mutane da yawa suna ganin wannan rawa a matsayin ta maza kawai.  Mata da yawa da ke yin wasan Bhangra ana yanke musu hukunci bisa ga wani sharaɗi da aka yi wa maza masu yin wasan.  Raanyan Di Raunaq ya tsara gasar Bhangra ga mata kawai ko kuma waɗanda suka bayyana a matsayin waɗanda ba su da jinsi ɗaya ko kuma waɗanda ba su da jinsi ɗaya.  Wannan gasar ta nemi wuri mai aminci ga mata don su sami damar yin gasa kuma a yi musu hukunci daidai wa daida.

 Sabbin abubuwa da daidaitawa 
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kuma yi wasan bhangra a cikin salo na zamani, ciki har da wani nau'in wasan bhangra mai suna "Bhangra on Skates", inda ake yin matakan bhangra na gargajiya yayin wasan kankara.   An nuna wannan nau'in a Chandigarh, Indiya, ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na mai wasan kankara mai suna Janvi Jindal..  

 Hotunan Hotuna 

 Duba kuma 

 Daular Bhangra
 Dhol
 Rawar gargajiya ta Punjabi
 Gidda
 Kiɗan Punjab

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba