Bianca Babb

Bianca Babb (Agusta 26, 1856 - Afrilu 13, 1950) mace ce ta farko 'yar Amurka kuma tsohuwar mai garkuwa da mutanen Comanche . Tun tana ƙarama, an kama ta a lokacin wani hari da Comanche ta kai wa gidan iyalinta a Wise County, Texas, a 1866. Babb ta yi watanni bakwai tana zaune a tsakanin Comanches kafin a fanshe ta kuma aka mayar da ita ga mahaifinta a 1867. Daga baya ta rubuta wani tarihin rayuwa wanda ya ba da labarin mutum na farko daga hangen wata yarinya 'yar kama, yana ba da haske game da al'adun Comanche da rayuwa a kan iyakar Kudancin Plains na ƙarshen ƙarni na 19.  

 Rayuwar farko, kamawa, da kuma bauta 
Bianca Babb, wacce aka fi sani da Bianca Louella kuma aka fi sani da Bankuella, an haife  a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 1856, a lokacin tafiyar iyalinta daga Wisconsin zuwa Texas, a cikin wata motar da aka rufe kusa da Lecompton, Kansas . Iyayenta, John S. Babb da Isabel A. Babb, mazauna ne kuma masu kiwon dabbobi.  A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Bianca ta zauna tare da iyalinta a cikin wani gida kusa da Chico na yanzu a Wise County, Texas . Yankin, wanda ke gefen matsugunan da ba 'yan asalin Amurka ba ne, galibi yana cike da rikici da rikice-rikice tsakanin mazauna da kabilun 'yan asalin ƙasar, musamman mutanen Comanche waɗanda suka mamaye yankin. 

A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1866, wata ƙungiyar Nokoni Comanches, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Persummy, ta kai hari a gidan Babbs.  Mahaifin Bianca da babban ɗan'uwanta ba su nan a lokacin, inda suka bar mahaifiyarta, Isabel Babb, da Bianca da kanta, tare da 'yan'uwanta, cikin haɗarin kai harin. An daba wa Isabel Babb wuka ko harbi sau biyar, an yanke masa kai da rai, aka bar shi ya mutu tare da jaririnta da ke shayarwa,   yayin da Bianca, tare da ɗan'uwanta Theodore Adolphus ("Dot") da wata matashiyar baƙo mai suna Sarah Jane Luster, Comanches suka kama su.  

Mayakan Comanche, waɗanda aka san su da hazakar dawaki, sun ƙware wajen yin tafiya mai nisa ba tare da abinci ba. Sun yi tsere zuwa yamma cikin dare, suka ketare Kogin Little Wichita da sauri kusa da Henrietta ta zamani. Tafiyar ta kasance mai wahala ga waɗanda aka kama, waɗanda suka jure tafiya mai tsayin akalla  ba tare da tsayawa ba, daga ƙarshe ya tsaya a 11Washegari ina kusa da Holiday Creek. A can, suka shirya suka cinye naman wani tuƙi da kerkeci suka yi wa karen duka. Bianca, wacce yunwa ta cinye ta, ta roƙi nama danye. Ta gaji da suma, ta zauna a tsakiyar ƙazantarta, inda ta sami suna mai ban haushi "ƙamshi lokacin tafiya" daga waɗanda suka kama ta. Ramsay, Annetta (March 12, 2021). "Comanche captive Bianca Babb Bell reintegrated to Denton". Denton Record-Chronicle. Retrieved May 17, 2024.

Bayan da matashin baƙon gida, wanda aka yi wa fyaɗe, Ramsay, Annetta (March 12, 2021). "Comanche captive Bianca Babb Bell reintegrated to Denton". Denton Record-Chronicle. Retrieved May 17, 2024. ya tsere da taimakon Dot, jaruman suka yi wa yaron duka suka shirya kashe shi. 'Yan'uwan suka ƙi aiwatar da hukuncin kisa, wanda hakan ya sa suka bar ɗan'uwanta ya rayu. An raba Bianca da ɗan'uwanta. Jarumin Kerno wanda ya kama ta ya ba wa 'yar'uwarsa Tekwashana wacce mijinta ya mutu Bianca a matsayin 'yar renon ta. Tsawon watanni bakwai a 1866–1867, Bianca ta rayu cikin al'ummar Comanche ta gargajiya. Yayin da aka tilasta mata tattara itace da jawo ruwa, ta koyi ƙwarewa kamar shirya sansani, iyo, da al'adun gargajiya kamar huda kunne daga mahaifiyarta da ta ɗauke ta. Tekwashana ta kuma yi wa gashin Bianca duhu. Ƙungiyar mawakan ta bi salon rayuwar makiyaya, suna yawan ƙaura zuwa sansani a yankin Oklahoma-Texas panhandle, wanda hakan ya ba Bianca damar dandana ayyukan yau da kullun, al'adu, da salon rayuwa a tsakanin Comanches da kanta.  

Bayan kama Bianca, mahaifinta John Babb ya haɗu da ƙoƙarin 'yan yankin gaba da ƙawayen 'yan asalin ƙasar don neman 'ya'yansa da suka ɓace. A watan Afrilun 1867, Jacob J. Sturm, wani jami'in farar hula daga Fort Arbuckle, ya gano Bianca kuma ya sami fansar ta da kuma 'yantar da ita daga Comanches akan dala $333 (kimanin dala $ 7,671 a yau).  Daga nan Sturm ya kawo Bianca zuwa sansanin. Duk da watanni da ta yi tana zaune tare da ƙabilar, Bianca ta koma ga iyalinta da son rai. Yawancin yara sun kamu da cutar Stockholm bayan irin wannan wahalar kuma ba su so su dawo ba. A watan Yunin 1867, an fanshi ɗan'uwanta Dot akan dala $210 (kimanin dala $ 4,837 a yau), tare da kayan tufafi masu darajar dala $23.75,  sannan aka mayar da su ga mahaifinsu. 

 Shekarun da suka gabata da kuma tarihin rayuwa 
Da farko Babbs sun ƙaura zuwa Reedsburg, Wisconsin, bayan wannan matsala, kodayake Bianca daga baya ta koma Texas a 1881. A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1882, ta auri Jefferson Davis Bell, wani mai tsara filayen ƙasa. Bianca ta danganta sha'awarta ta yawo da yawan ƙaura tsakanin garuruwa daban-daban na Arewacin Texas kamar Henrietta, Denton, Greenville, da kuma lokutan da ta yi a California da New Mexico, da gogewarta ta zama makiyaya tare da Comanches.  

Daga 1897 zuwa 1900, an raba filayen ajiyar tsohuwar Kiowa – Comanche – Apache zuwa ga gidaje. A matsayinta na tsohuwar mai riƙon yara, Bianca ta shigar da ƙara tana neman a ba ta rabon gado da kuma diyya ga asarar da ta yi a harin 1866, ciki har da mutuwar mahaifiyarta. Duk da cewa ta sake duba wurin ajiyar kuma ta sami shaidu masu goyon baya daga abokan Comanche, an ƙi amincewa da ikirarinta na rabon gado.  

A shekarun 1920, Bianca ta rubuta wani littafin tarihin rayuwarta wanda ba a buga ba, wanda ya ba da labarin watanni bakwai da ta zauna a tsakanin Comanches tun tana yarinya. Duk da cewa an rarraba shi a cikin nau'in rubutu, ba a buga shi ba a tsawon rayuwarta.  

Ba kamar ɗan'uwanta Theodore "Dot" Babb wanda ya wallafa tarihin rayuwarsa don shahara ba, Bianca ba ta yi ta yaɗa abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yarintarta a tsakanin Comanches ba lokacin da 'yan jarida suka yi mata hira da ita daga baya a rayuwa.  Ta rasu a shekarar 1934 bayan shekaru sama da 50 na aure. Bianca Babb ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1950, a Denton, Texas, tana da shekaru 93, an gane ta a matsayin Ba'amurke na ƙarshe da ya tsira da aka ɗauke shi zuwa ƙabilar Plains Indians tun tana ƙarama.  

 Martabar ilimi 
Rubutun tarihin rayuwar Bianca Babb wanda ba a buga ba ya sami kulawar masana a matsayin muhimmin tushe na labarin zaman kurkuku. Duk da cewa labarin zaman kurkuku sanannen nau'in adabi ne a Amurka a ƙarni na 19, misalai da yawa sun kasance labarai masu ban sha'awa na sahihancin da ba a iya shakkar sa ba. Sabanin haka, masu bincike suna kallon aikin Babb a matsayin ra'ayi mai sahihanci da fahimta game da mutum na farko.  

Labarin tarihin ya bayar da ɗaya daga cikin bayanai kaɗan da aka tattara daga ra'ayin wata yarinya 'yar fursuna da aka ɗauka a cikin ƙabilar Indiyawan Plains, wanda ya bambanta da labaran da suka fi mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da suka faru na samari maza da aka ɗaure a cikin al'adun mayaƙa. Tunanin Babb ya ta'allaka ne akan zane-zane na sirri na rayuwar gida, al'adun duniya, da ƙwarewar rayuwa da aka koya yayin da aka nutse cikin al'ummar Comanche ta gargajiya.

Bayan ta ƙware a yaren Comanche a lokacin ƙuruciya, Babb ta nuna kyakkyawar fahimtar al'adu a cikin bayaninta game da al'adu kamar tsarin dangi, bukukuwan addini, da ayyukan rayuwa. Masana sun tabbatar da yawancin abubuwan da ta lura da su a kan wasu tushe na tarihi da na ɗan adam daga wannan zamanin.  

Duk da wahalhalun da ta sha, Babb ta zana hoton Comanches mai tausayi a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, tana mai bayyana lokacin da ta kasance tare da su a matsayin "kowace rana ta zama kamar hutu".  

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1950
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba