Eugene Lee-Hamilton

Eugene Lee-Hamilton (6 ga Janairu 1845 - 9 ga Satumba 1907) mawaƙin Ingilishi ne na Victoria .  Ayyukansa sun haɗa da wasu fitattun waƙoƙin sonnets a cikin salon Petrarch . Ya ba da kyautar adabi da Kwalejin Oriel da ke Jami'ar Oxford ke gudanarwa, inda yake ɗalibi. Kyautar a buɗe take ga ɗaliban Oxford da na Jami'ar Cambridge kuma har zuwa yau.

 Rayuwa da ayyuka 
An haifi Eugene Lee-Hamilton a Landan a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1845; iyayensa sune James Lee-Hamilton, wanda ya mutu a 1852, da Matilda (ɗan Abadam, daga baya Paget) (1815–1896), 'yar Edward Hamlyn Adams .  Yana da ƙanwarsa Violet Paget, wacce ta rubuta a matsayin Vernon Lee.  'Yar uwa ce ta uwa Alice Abadam, 'yar Birtaniya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.  

Lee-Hamilton ya yi karatu ne musamman a Faransa da Jamus. A shekarar 1864 aka tura shi Jami'ar Oxford . A shekarar 1869 ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Burtaniya. An fara aiki da shi a Ofishin Jakadancin da ke Paris, inda, saboda kwarewarsa ta farko a rayuwar Faransa, da kuma ƙwarewar harshen Faransanci, ya dace sosai. Bayan Yaƙin Faransa da Jamus ya ɓarke, ya shiga cikin sulhu a Alabama da ke Geneva . Daga baya aka naɗa shi sakatare a ƙungiyar Burtaniya da ke Lisbon . Dole ne ya yi watsi da wannan matsayi na biyu a shekarar 1873, lokacin da, ba zato ba tsammani, ya faɗi gaba ɗaya, ya rasa amfani da ƙafafunsa, kuma yana fama da azaba mai tsanani. [1] Ya bayyana hakan a ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa,"Domin kiyaye yanayin kabari a rayuwa,

 Yayin da wasu ke tafiya da gudu suna rawa da tsalle.Ya fara rubuta baitukan wakokinsa na wannan lokacin ba tare da alkalami ko takarda mai taɓawa ba, sannan daga baya aka rubuta su. The Encyclopedia Americana (1919)

 Waƙoƙin farko 
Waƙoƙin Hamilton iri-iri na farko sun bayyana a shekarar 1878, kuma ba su jawo hankali ba; kuma sai da buga littafin The New Medusa ne waƙarsa ta fara samun kulawa. An bi wannan kundin, a shekarar 1885, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da Apollo da Marsyas, kuma littafinsa na gaba, mai suna Imaginary Sonnets, ya fito a kaka ta 1888. A matsayinsa na marubucin sonnets, ya fi ban mamaki. 

Ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa ta girma yana fama da cututtukan tabin hankali. 

Mahaifiyarsa ce ta shayar da shi nono, kuma 'yar uwarsa, Violet Paget, wacce ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan Vernon Lee, ta yi masa renon lokaci-lokaci. Lee-Hamilton ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma mahaifinsa a Florence, Italiya, a lokacin rashin lafiyarsa, kuma sai bayan da mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekarar 1896 kuma ya warke ne ya sake yin tafiya, daga ƙarshe ya auri marubuciya Annie E. Holdsworth a shekarar 1898 kuma ya haifi ɗa, Persis Margaret, a shekarar 1903, amma ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarau tun tana ƙarama.  Wannan ya sa ya rubuta waƙar, Mimma Bella; In Memory of a Little Life .  

 Bincike 
Lee-Hamilton ya rubuta a cikin al'adar gajeriyar baiti ta Victorian, musamman sonnet mai ban mamaki. Robert Browning ya kasance mai tasiri, amma Lee-Hamilton ya inganta fasahar magana mai ban mamaki, kuma akwai tunanin da ba shi da tabbas ga sonnets ɗinsa.

Wasu siffofi suna sake faruwa, kamar nutsewa cikin ruwa, binnewa a cikin ƙasa, ɗaurewa, rikici tsakanin jiki da tunani, nau'ikan baka masu duhu na mata kamar gorgon, da nau'ikan baka na maza kamar mahaukaci ko masoyi mai kisan kai. Lee-Hamilton yana da gazawa lokacin da hoto ko makircin da ya rasa ƙarfi saboda ba shi da kamewa. Manyan ayyukansa sune sonnets ɗinsa, kuma nasarorin da ya samu sun dogara ne akan ƙwarewar fasaha. Ya tattara tattaunawar wasan kwaikwayo zuwa tsarin sonnet, kuma ya sami iko, a cikin sonnets masu taƙaice kuma masu kamewa.