Orisha

Orishas (mutum ɗaya: orisha ; jam'i kuma na iya zama orisha ) ruhohin allahntaka ne waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a addinin Yarabawa na Yammacin Afirka da kuma addinai da dama na ƙasashen waje na "Afirka" waɗanda suka samo asali daga gare ta, kamar Haitian Vodou, Cuban Santería da Brazilian Candomblé .  Rubutun da aka fi so ya bambanta dangane da harshen da ake magana a kai: òrìṣà shine rubutun a cikin harshen Yarabawa (mutum ɗaya da jam'i), orixá a cikin Portuguese, da orisha, oricha, orichá ko orixá a cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Sifaniyanci .  A cikin al'adar Lucumí, wacce ta samo asali a Cuba, an haɗa orishas da waliyyai na Katolika, suna ƙirƙirar tsarin bauta mai kama da juna inda aka ɓoye allolin Yarabawa a bayan zane-zanen Kirista. Wannan ya ba wa 'yan Afirka damar bauta su kiyaye al'adunsu a ƙarƙashin tsanantawar addini na mulkin mallaka.

A bisa koyarwar waɗannan addinai, ruhohin alloli ruhohi ne da babban mahalicci, Olodumare, ya aiko don taimaka wa ɗan adam da kuma koya musu su yi nasara a Duniya . An samo asali ne daga addinin asalin mutanen Yarbawa, yawancin alloli an ce sun wanzu a baya a cikin Ruhu (sararin samaniya) sannan suka zama Irunmọlẹ (ruhohi ko halittun allahntaka da suka zama ɗan adam a Duniya).  Irunmọlẹ ya ɗauki asalin ɗan adam kuma ya rayu a matsayin mutane na yau da kullun a duniyar zahiri, amma saboda asalinsu daga allahntaka ne, suna da hikima da iko mai girma a lokacin da aka halicce su.

Orishas sun sami hanyarsu ta zuwa mafi yawan Sabuwar Duniya sakamakon cinikin bayi na Atlantika kuma yanzu ana bayyana su a cikin ayyuka daban-daban kamar Haitian Vodou, Santería, Candomblé, Trinidad Orisha, Umbanda da Quimbanda, da sauransu. Ra'ayin òrìṣà yayi kama da na alloli a cikin addinan gargajiya na mutanen Bini na Jihar Edo a kudancin Najeriya, mutanen Ewe na Benin, Ghana, da Togo, da kuma mutanen Fon na Benin.   

A cikin al'ummomin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, bautar orishas sau da yawa tana haɗa da yin ganga, rawa, da kuma mallakar ruhohi a matsayin muhimman fannoni na rayuwar al'ada.  Waɗannan ayyukan suna taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa alaƙar jama'a da kuma haɓaka abubuwan ruhaniya kai tsaye tsakanin masu aiki. 

 Lamba 
Al'adar Yarbawa sau da yawa tana cewa akwai orisha 400 + 1, wanda ke da alaƙa da lamba mai tsarki. Wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa adadin yana "adadin da za ku iya tunani, da ƙari ɗaya - adadi mara adadi". Al'adun baki daban-daban suna nufin orisha 400, 700, ko 1,440.     Wannan tsarin lambobi na alama yana nuna sarkakiya da faɗin duniyar ruhaniya a cikin ilimin sararin samaniya na Yarbawa. Kalmar "400 + 1" tana wakiltar ra'ayin cewa ba za a iya ƙididdige ko fahimtar duniyar allahntaka gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tunanin ɗan adam ba. 

 Imani 

 Orí 
Masu aikin sun yi imani da cewa rayuwa ta yau da kullun ta dogara ne akan daidaito da sanin Orí na mutum. Ori a zahiri yana nufin kai, amma a cikin al'amuran ruhaniya, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na rai wanda ke ƙayyade ƙaddarar mutum. 

Hadaya, addu'o'i, da tunani kai duk hanyoyi ne da mai ibada zai iya daidaitawa da Orí ɗinsa, ta haka ne zai tabbatar da daidaito, nasara, da gamsuwa a rayuwa. Idan ba tare da daidaito mai kyau da Orí ɗin mutum ba, ko da taimakon Orishas zai iya zama mara amfani. 

 Addinin Allah 
Wasu orishas sun samo asali ne daga bautar kakanni; ana bikin jarumai, sarakuna, da kuma waɗanda suka kafa birane bayan mutuwa kuma sun shiga cikin allolin Yarbawa. Kakanni ba su mutu ba amma an gan su sun "ɓace" kuma sun zama orishas. Wasu orishas bisa ga mutanen tarihi an takaita su ga bauta a cikin iyalansu ko garuruwan da suka fito; wasu kuma ana girmama su a faɗin yankuna daban-daban. 

 Ashe 
Asẹ shine ikon rai wanda ke ratsa dukkan abubuwa, masu rai da marasa rai, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin ikon sa abubuwa su faru. Tabbatarwa ce da ake amfani da ita a gaisuwa da addu'o'i, da kuma ra'ayi na ci gaban ruhaniya. Masu bauta wa Orìṣà suna ƙoƙari su sami Ase ta hanyar iwa-pele, mai tawali'u da kyawawan halaye, kuma a bi da bi suna fuskantar daidaito da ori, abin da wasu za su iya kira kwanciyar hankali na ciki da gamsuwa da rayuwa. Ase shine kuzarin allahntaka wanda ya fito daga Olodumare, allahn mahalicci, kuma yana bayyana ta hanyar Olorun, wanda ke mulkin sammai kuma yana da alaƙa da Rana. Ba tare da Rana ba, babu rayuwa da za ta iya wanzuwa, kamar yadda rayuwa ba za ta iya wanzuwa ba tare da wani matakin toka ba. Ase wani lokacin ana danganta shi da Eshu, manzon orisha.  Ga masu aikatawa, ashe yana wakiltar hanyar haɗi zuwa kasancewar allahntaka mafi girma, orishas, da kakanninmu har abada.  Al'adu, addu'o'i, waƙoƙi, da hadayu duk hanyoyi ne na kira ko canja wurin ase. Ta wannan hanyar, kowane aiki da kalma zai iya zama mai tsarki, yana ɗauke da nauyi da sakamako na ruhaniya. 

Ana yawan ambaton wannan ra'ayi a cikin capoeira na Brazil . Axé a cikin wannan mahallin ana amfani da shi azaman gaisuwa ko ban kwana, a cikin waƙoƙi da kuma azaman nau'in yabo. Faɗin cewa wani "yana da axé" a cikin capoeira yana nuna ƙarfinsa, ruhin yaƙi, da halayensa. 

 Pantheon 
An haɗa orisa a matsayin waɗanda launin fari ke wakilta, waɗanda aka siffanta su da tutu "mai sanyi, mai natsuwa, mai laushi, da kuma mai laushi"; da kuma waɗanda launukan ja ko baƙi ke wakilta, waɗanda aka siffanta su da gbigbona "masu ƙarfin hali, masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfin hali, da kuma masu sauƙin fushi". Kamar mutane, orishas na iya samun launin da aka fi so, abinci, ko abu. An rubuta halayen orishas ta hanyar al'adar baki. 

Kowace Orisha tana jagorantar takamaiman fannoni na yanayi da ƙwarewar ɗan adam—misali, Ogun tana mulkin ƙarfe da yaƙi, Oshun tana mulkin ƙauna da koguna, kuma Yemoja tana da alaƙa da uwa da teku. Alamominsu, abubuwan da suka bayar, da ayyukan ibada ana kiyaye su a hankali kuma ana watsa su ta hanyar tsararraki na farko.

 Jerin Orisha 
SunaAbin bautarƘabila AddiniAsalin ƙasaAgemoChameleon, ServantYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAganjuVolcanoes, Wilderness, Desert, FireYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAjakaPeaceful, Love, EqualityYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAyangaluDrummer, GánganYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAra AraWeather, Storm, ThunderYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAyelalaPunishes CrimeYoruba People (Part)Yoruba Religion (Part)Yorubaland (Part)AroniBeauty Of Nature, Spirit Of The Forest, Herb, Plant, TreeYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAlaafiaPeace, Humble, PatienceYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAjeWealth, Property, Prosperity, Fortune, SuccessYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAyéPassion, Environmentalism, NatureYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandAjaWild, Herb, Plant, LeafYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandBiriDarkness, Night, MidnightYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandBabalu AyeSmallpox, Epidemic Diseases, HealingYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandBayanni (Dada)Children, Dreadheads, Prosperity, vegetablesYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandElaManifestation & Light & Passion For Charity & GivingYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandErinleHunter, Earth, Natural Force Of UniverseYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandEshuTrickery, Crossroads, Misfortune, Chaos, Death, Travelers, MessengerYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandIbejiTwinsYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandIrokoTree, WildernessYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandIya NlaPrimordial SpiritYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandImoleSunlight, SoothsayerYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandLogun EdéWar & HuntingYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandMoremiSaviourYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandObaRivers, homemaking, domestic policiesYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandObatalaCreationYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOduduwaProgenitor, WarriorYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOgunWarriors, Soldiers, Blacksmiths, Metal Workers, CraftsmenYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOkeMountain, HillYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOkoAgriculture, Farming, FertilityYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOlokunWater, Health, WealthYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOlumoMountainYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandỌranyanProgenitorYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOròJustice, BullroarersYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOronsenProgenitorYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandỌrunmilaWisdom, Knowledge, Ifa Divination, Philosophy, Fate, Destiny, Prophecy, BabalawoYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOriBeforelife, Afterlife, Destiny, Personal IdentityYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOsanyinHerb, Plant, Nature, Herbalist, MagicianYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOshosiHunt, Forest, Warrior, JusticeYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOshunGoddess of Water, Purity, Fertility, Love, and SensualityYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOshunmareRainbow, Serpent, Regeneration, RebirthYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandOtinRiver, FighterYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandỌyaStorms, Wind, Thunder, Lightning, DeadYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandShangoThunder, Lightning, Fire, Justice, Dance, VirilityYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandYemojaWater, Moon, The Motherhood, ProtectionYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandYemowoCreation, Sea, WaterYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubalandYewaYewa RiverYoruba PeopleYoruba ReligionYorubaland

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Al'adun Najeriya
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba