Kalbelia

Kalbelia ƙabila ce mai kama da maciji daga Hamadar Thar a Rajasthan, Indiya.  Rawa muhimmin ɓangare ne na al'adunsu kuma maza da mata ne ke yin ta.

 Kabilun Kalbelia 
Kalbelias mabiya Sage Kanifnath ne, waɗanda a cewar wani labari, suka sha kwano na guba kuma aka albarkace su da iko kan macizai da dabbobi masu guba.  

Kalbelias sun kasu kashi biyu manyan rukuni, Daliwal da Mewara. Kalbelias suna yawo akai-akai daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani a zamanin da. Aikinsu na gargajiya shine kama macizai da cinikin dafin macizai . Suna kiwon macizai, karnuka, kaji, dawaki, jakuna, aladu da awaki. Saboda haka, motsin rawa da kayan ado na al'ummarsu suna kama da na macizai. Ana kuma kiransu Sapera da Jogira, Gattiwala da Poogiwara. Babban rukuni na Kalbelias yana cikin gundumar Pali, sai kuma wasu ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci a gundumar Ajmer, Chittorgarh da Udaipur . Suna rayuwa ne ta makiyaya kuma suna cikin ƙabilun da aka tsara .  

A al'ada, mazan Kalbelia suna ɗaukar macizai a cikin kwandunan rake daga ƙofa zuwa ƙofa a ƙauyuka yayin da matansu ke waƙa, rawa da roƙon sadaka. Suna girmama macizai kuma suna ba da shawarar hana kashe irin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. A ƙauyuka, idan maciji ya shiga gida ba da gangan ba, za a kira Kalbelia don ya kama macijin ya tafi da shi ba tare da ya kashe shi ba. Kalbelias a al'ada ƙungiya ce ta ƙabila a cikin al'umma, suna zaune a wurare a wajen ƙauyen da suke zaune. Suna zaune a sansanonin wucin gadi da ake kira deras . Kalbelias suna motsa macizainsu daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani ta hanyar da ke kewaye da juna a tsawon lokaci. Tsawon tsararraki, Kalbelias sun sami fahimtar musamman game da tsirrai da fauna na gida, kuma suna sane da magungunan ganye don cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda, a biyun, suna zama madadin hanyar samun kuɗi a gare su. 

Tun lokacin da aka kafa Dokar Namun Daji ta 1972, an kori Kalbelias daga sana'arsu ta gargajiya ta sarrafa macizai. Yanzu haka ayyukan fasaha babban tushen samun kuɗi ne a gare su kuma waɗannan sun sami karbuwa sosai a ciki da wajen Indiya. Damammakin yin aiki ba sa tafiya lokaci-lokaci, kuma sun dogara ne akan yawon buɗe ido, wanda ya keɓance yanayi, don haka membobin al'umma suna aiki a gonaki, ko kuma suna kiwon shanu don ciyar da kansu. 

Kalbelias mabiya addinin Hindu ne na al'adu kuma suna bauta wa macizai ; suna bauta wa Nāga da Manasa, kuma ranarsu mai tsarki ita ce Naga Panchami . Kalbelias suna da al'adu daban-daban da yawancin Hindu. Mazan Kalbelia suna sanya Apadravya . Kalbelias suna binne gawarwakinsu, maimakon ƙona su (kamar yadda ya zama ruwan dare ga Hindu a sauran sassan ƙasar). Ango dole ne ya biya mahaifin amarya kuɗin amarya, mahaifin ango kuma dole ne ya biya kuɗin bikin auren.  

 Rawar Kalbelia 
Rawar Kalbelia, wacce ake yi a matsayin biki, muhimmin bangare ne na al'adar Kalbelia. Rawar da waƙoƙinsu abin alfahari ne kuma alama ce ta asali ga Kalbelias, domin suna wakiltar yadda wannan al'umma ta masu sihiri ta yi amfani da fasahar zamani wajen sauya yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma rawar da suke takawa a cikin al'ummar Rajasthan da ke karkara.
Masu rawa mata ne sanye da siket baƙi masu yawo waɗanda ke rawa da juyawa, suna kwaikwayon motsin maciji. Suna sanye da wani yadi na sama da ake kira angrakhi da kuma mayafin kai da aka sani da odhani ; ana kiran yadi na ƙasa da lehenga . Duk waɗannan tufafin suna da launuka iri-iri na ja da baƙi kuma an yi musu ado.

Mazan mahalarta suna buga kayan kida, kamar pungi, wani kayan kida na katako da aka saba amfani da shi don kama macizai, dufli, been, khanjari - kayan kida na kaɗa, morchang, khuralio da dholak don ƙirƙirar salon da masu rawa ke yi. Ana yi wa masu rawa zane da zane na gargajiya kuma suna sanya kayan ado da tufafi masu kyau waɗanda aka yi wa ado da ƙananan madubai da zare na azurfa. Yayin da wasan kwaikwayon ke ci gaba, salon ya zama da sauri da sauri haka ma rawa. "Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan". UNESCO.

Wakokin Kalbelia sun dogara ne akan labaran da aka ɗauko daga tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, kuma ana yin raye-raye na musamman a lokacin Holi . Kalbelia suna da suna wajen rubuta waƙoƙi ba zato ba tsammani da kuma yin waƙoƙin da aka tsara yayin wasan kwaikwayo. Waɗannan waƙoƙi da raye-raye wani ɓangare ne na al'adar baki da aka gada daga tsararraki kuma babu rubuce-rubuce ko wasu littattafan horo. A shekara ta 2010, UNESCO ta ayyana waƙoƙi da raye-rayen Kalbelia na Rajasthan a matsayin wani ɓangare na Jerin Gadonta na Ba a Gado Ba . "Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan". UNESCO.

 Duba kuma 

 Gulabo Sapera
 Ghoomar
 Mutanen Rajasthan
 Mutanen Roman

 Manazarta