Nagaradhane

Nagaradhane wani nau'i ne na bautar maciji wanda, tare da Bhuta Kola, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'adun musamman da suka zama ruwan dare a gundumomin bakin teku na Dakshina Kannada, Udupi da Kasaragod waɗanda aka fi sani da Tulu Nadu, waɗanda membobin al'ummar Tuluva ke yi. Ba wai kawai ana ɗaukar macizai a matsayin alloli ba, har ma a matsayin nau'in dabbobi wanda ya kamata a girmama su, a kwantar musu da hankali da kuma kare su saboda dalilai da dama na zamantakewa, addini da muhalli.

 Asalin Nagaradhane 
Ana danganta macizai da iko, girmamawa da girmamawa a Indiya. A bisa al'adar Hindu, Ubangiji Vishnu yana hutawa a ƙarƙashin inuwar babban macijin, Adishesha . Ubangiji Shiva yana sanya macizai Vasuki a wuyansa.

Yana da wuya a gano asalin Nagaradhane, kodayake wasu kabilu daga cikin mutanen Tulu na zuriyar Nagavanshi, don haka wataƙila bautar macizai ta shahara a gare su. Duk da cewa yawancin al'adun bautar macizai ne Brahmins ke yi, babu wata iyali guda ɗaya ta Tuluva da ba ta da Nagabana, inda ake bauta wa Nagadevatha bisa ga Zuriyar Aliyasantana a tsakanin Tuluvas. Nagamandala, Ashlesha Bali, Dakke Bali nau'ikan pooja ne daban-daban da ake yi wa macizai don faranta musu rai. Duk iyalan Tuluvas: Bunts, Kulala, Moolya, Mogaveera, Billava, Malayali Billava, Tuluva Brahmins, Sapaliga/Sapalya, Madivala, Devadiga, Ganiga, Aachari, Parava / Nalkedaye, Koraga-Harijan, Tulu da Arebhashe Gowdas suna bauta wa Naga tun zamanin da a cikin Nagabana da Moolastanas.

Al'adun bauta na Cobra da ake yi a Tulu Nadu sun bambanta sosai kuma sun bambanta da sauran al'adu. Cobras suna da nasu wuraren bauta na macizai a cikin wani wuri mai tsarki da aka sani da Nagabana. Wuraren ibada suna da hotunan macizai da aka sassaka a kan duwatsu. Saboda haka, ba a yarda kowa ya sare bishiyar da ke kusa da Nagabana ba. Haka kuma ana kyautata zaton cewa ba za a cutar da macizai, musamman macizai, ko wani ya kashe su ba. Idan aka cutar da su, dole ne mutum ya yi wata al'ada don tsarkake zunubin kisa ko cutar da macijin. Imani shine cewa mutumin da ya ƙi yin al'adar Cobra zai la'ance shi har abada.

Manufar Moolastana a tsakanin al'ummomi ta fi mayar da hankali kan bauta wa Naga da danginsu na zuriyar Aliyasantana . Waɗannan Moolastanas suna nan a jere a gefen teku kuma suna da al'adar tsara kansu zuwa Grama Sabhas da sauransu bisa ga Bali/Bari wanda yake daidai da tsarin Gotra na al'ummar Tuluva. Akwai Bari a cikin wannan al'umma, kowace Bari tana da Moolastanas na musamman kuma kaɗan daga cikin Bari suna da Moolastanas da yawa a faɗin Tulunadu. Kowace Moolastanas tana da bukukuwa na shekara-shekara da kuma Poojas a lokacin Nagarapanchami lokacin da kowane gida na wannan Bali ne dole ne ya yi Pooja da Addu'ar Moola (asalin) Nagadevatha wanda kakanninsu suka haɗu da shi.

Haka kuma za a iya lura cewa a Tulu Nadu ko yankin Kudancin Canara da ke Karnataka, noma ya fi yawa, noma shine babban amfanin gona. A cikin waɗannan gonakin macizai suna taimakawa wajen ceton amfanin gona daga beraye. Wannan na iya zama dalili mai ma'ana na bauta wa macizai.

 Al'adar 
Akwai al'adu guda biyu daban-daban da ake yi don girmama macijin; Aashleshabali da Nagamandala. Daga cikin waɗannan, Nagamandala ita ce mafi tsayi da launi a cikin su biyun. Nagamandala tana nuna haɗin allahntaka na macizai maza da mata. Firist biyu ne ke yin sa. Firist na farko, wanda ake kira patri, yana shaƙar furen areca kuma ya zama macijin namiji. Firist na biyu, wanda ake kira Nagakannika ko macijin mace yana rawa yana lilo a kusa da wani zane mai ban sha'awa na maciji wanda aka zana da launuka na halitta a ƙasa mai tsarki. Ana ƙara wa al'adar ta hanyar kunna kayan kida mai siffar gilashi na awa ɗaya da ake kira Dakke. Zane-zanen launuka biyar daban-daban a ƙasa mai tsarki sune fari (farin laka), ja (gauraye foda na lemun tsami da foda na turmeric), kore (foda ganye kore), rawaya (foda turmeric) da baƙi (fushin paddy da aka gasa da foda).

Aashleshabali al'ada ce da ake yi a ranar Ashlesha Nakshatra (Ɗaya daga cikin tauraro 27 kamar yadda ilmin taurari na Vedic ya nuna). Wannan al'ada ce ta musamman da ake miƙa abinci ga Sarpa devatas (Allolin Maciji) kuma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin Vedic. Haɗin Puja ne, Homa da Bali (hadayar abinci). Ana kiran Sarpa Devatas, ana bauta musu, kuma ana ba wa kowannensu Bali. An yi Sarpa Sooktha Japam. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin al'adar don faranta wa sarpa devatas rai da kuma samun albarkarsu.

Al'adar, wacce ta dogara da ƙirar maciji, ta ci gaba har zuwa safiyar yau. Ana samun irin wannan al'ada a Kerala kuma ana kiranta da Sarpam Thullal da Sarpam Kali. Duk al'ummomin Tulu Nadu masu revere macizai. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Muhimmancin Nagabanas 
Ana ɗaukar Nagabanas ko kuma wuraren ibada a matsayin wurin hutawa na macizai. Ana ɗaukar yanke bishiyoyi ko lalata wurin a matsayin abin ƙyama. Mutane suna cikin fargaba game da cizon macizai kuma suna son kiyaye muhalli.

 Duba kuma 

 Billava
 Naga
 Yakshagana
 Suyam

 Manazarta