Alma Levant Hayden

Alma Levant Hayden (Maris 30, 1927 - Agusta 2, 1967) ƙwararriyar masaniyar sinadarai ce ta Amurka, kuma ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan asalin Afirka ta farko da suka sami matsayin masanin kimiyya a wata hukumar kimiyya da ke Washington, DC  Ta shiga Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa (NIH) a shekarun 1950.  name="Rossiter 1982"   Hayden ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin sinadarai, kuma ta zama ƙwararriya a fannin spectrophotometry .  name="NIH History"  Ta buga aiki kan infrared da sauran dabarun nazarin sinadarai a cikin mujallu daban-daban. An naɗa Hayden Shugabar Sashen Bincike na Spectrophotometer a Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna a Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) a 1963, kuma wataƙila ita ce masanin kimiyya ɗan asalin Afirka ta farko a FDA.  name="Rossiter 1982"  Hayden ya jawo hankalin ƙasa a 1963 lokacin da ta jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta fallasa sinadarin da ake amfani da shi a Krebiozen, wani magani mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da aka daɗe ana jayayya a kansa kuma magani mai tsada da aka tallata a matsayin maganin cutar kansa. 

 Ilimi 
An haifi Alma Levant a Greenville, South Carolina, a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1927  kuma ta kammala karatunta da girmamawa a shekarar 1947 daga Kwalejin Jihar South Carolina, wata kwaleji ta baƙar fata a tarihi a Orangeburg, South Carolina .  Da farko tana shirin zama ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta sami kanta da sha'awar ilimin sinadarai har ta "kawai ba ta son rabuwa da ita ba".  Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Howard . 

 Sana'a 
Hayden ta shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtukan Arthritis da Metabolic a NIH.  An ɗauki hoton da ke sama a can a shekarar 1952, inda ta nuna tana aiki da wata dabara da ake kira chromatography ta takarda, tana fesa reagent akan ruwa da aka zuba a kan takarda don gano abubuwan da ke haifar da steroids .   

A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Hayden ta koma FDA, inda wataƙila ita ce mutum ta farko da ta fara aiki a Hukumar.  An ruwaito cewa an yi ƙin ɗaukar 'yan Afirka-Amurka aiki a can saboda jami'an kimiyya na iya ba da shaida a kotu, kuma akwai damuwa game da yadda za a karɓi wannan a wasu sassan Amurka. A shekarar 1963, Hayden ya zama Shugabar Sashen Bincike na Spectrophotometer a Sashen Sinadarin Magunguna. 

A shekarar 1962, bayan bala'in Thalidomide, Kwaskwarima ta Kefauver Harris ta ƙara rawar da FDA ke takawa wajen tabbatar da amincin magunguna.   Tare da waɗannan tanade-tanaden, FDA ta nemi gano sinadaran da ke cikin Krebiozen, maganin ciwon daji mai tsada da ce-ce-ku-ce.   Hayden ta bai wa ɗalibai a reshenta aikin ganin ko hotunan spectrometer na Krebiozen sun yi daidai da kowane hoto 20,000 da aka jera a haruffa a FDA. A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1963,  an sami daidaito cikin sauri a cikin "Cs": wani abu gama gari, creatine .   Yana faruwa a jiki a matakin da ya fi girma fiye da wanda ke cikin Krebiozen, kuma an nuna cewa ba shi da wani tasiri ga ciwon daji a cikin dabbobi.  

An gudanar da nazarin spectrophotometry da crystallography daban-daban ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi uku, ciki har da masana kimiyya daga MIT . An sanar da gano wannan abu a wani taron manema labarai. Rahoton Hayden yana cikin cikakken bayani a cikin Tarihin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka . Hayden ya ba da shaida a shari'ar laifuka mai tsawo da aka yi wa masu haɓaka Krebiozen, Stevan Durovic da Andrew C. Ivy.

 Littattafai da aka zaɓa 

 Heftmann E, Hayden Al. Takardar chromatography na steroid sapogenins da acetates ɗinsu. J Biol Chem 1952;197(1): 47–55. 
 Hayden AL, Heftmann E, Johnson DF. Tantance magungunan steroids na adrenocortical a cikin fitsari. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1956;23(4):341–356. 
 Hayden AL, Sammul OR. Nazarin infrared na magunguna. 1. Amfani da dabarar diski na potassium bromide ga wasu steroids, alkaloids, barbiturates, da sauran magunguna. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc 1960;49:489–496. 
 Hayden AL, Sammul OR. Binciken infrared na magunguna. 2. Nazarin cinchona alkaloids a cikin faifan potassium bromide. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc 1960;49:497–502. 
 Hayden AL. Binciken magunguna na infrared. III. Ganowa da tantance steroids na adrenocortical, barbiturates, da sulfonamides daga chromatograms na takarda. J Pharm Sci 1960; 51: 617–622. 
 Hayden AL, Sammul OR, Selzer GB. Infrared, ultraviolet, da kuma hasken da ake iya gani na wasu ka'idojin USP da NF da kuma abubuwan da suka samo asali. Ƙungiyar Masana Kimiyyar Noma ta Hukuma, 1962; 45: 797–900. 
 Hayden AL, Brannon WL, Craig NR. Wata dabarar cire ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙwayoyin cuta da aka ware daga siraran chromatograms. J Pharm Sci 1968: 57(5): 858–860. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Hayden ya auri wani abokin aikinsa na bincike kan sinadarai na NIH, Alonzo R. Hayden.  Alonzo Hayden ɗan asalin West Virginia ne, tare da digirin PhD daga Jami'ar Wisconsin .  Ya kuma yi karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Howard, kuma ya yi aiki a NIH daga 1952 zuwa 1958.  Alonzo ya kuma yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Noma ta Amurka don cibiyar bincike da ke Beltsville, MD. 

Haydens suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Michael da Andrea.  Alma Hayden ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1967.   Tana son yin kimiyya a tsawon rayuwarta.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927