Scopas na Aetolia

Scopas (Girkanci: ) ya kasance janar na Aetolian, wanda ya yi aiki da Ƙungiyar Aetolian ta asali a cikin Yakin Jama'a (220-217 BC) da Masar ta Ptolemaic a kan Seleucids, tare da nasara mai rikitarwa. An kashe shi a shekara ta 196 BC a Alexandria saboda makirci don kwace ikon mulkin don kansa.

 Hidima a Yakin Jama'a 
A lokacin barkewar Yakin Jama'a (220-217 BC), Scopas ya kasance babban matsayi tsakanin 'yan kasansa. Ya kasance dangin Ariston, wanda a wannan lokacin yana da ofishin strategos a cikin Aetolian League, kuma wannan ya gaya masa babban aikin al'amuran. A kan wannan dabarun shi ne ga Scopas cewa Dorimachus ya nemi taimako bayan rashin nasarar da ya samu a kan Messenia, kuma kodayake ba a ba da wata hujja don shigar da Aetolians a yaƙi ba, waɗannan janar-janar biyu (Scopas da Dorimachus) sun kasance masu ƙarfin zuciya don gudanar da aikin a kan kansu.

A cikin bazara na 220 BC Scopas da Dorimachus sun Akaya balaguro a kan Messenians, kuma ba wai kawai sun lalata yankunan na ƙarshe ba, amma lokacin da Aratus a kan shugaban sojojin Achaean ya zo ga goyon bayan Messenians. Sojojin Scopas da Dormimachus sun koma gida. Wannan matakin ya haifar da sanarwar yaki ta jama'a ta Ƙungiyar Achaean da abokinsu Philip V na Makidoniya a kan Aetolians. Aetolians sun zaɓi Scopas don dabarun su a cikin shekara mai zuwa, kuma sun danƙa wa Scopas gudanar da yakin da shi da kansa ya kawo musu. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 219 Scopas ya mamaye Makidoniya tare da babban karfi, ya lalata ƙasar Pieria ba tare da adawa ba, kuma bayan ya sanya kansa mai mulkin Dion, ba wai kawai ya lalata garin ba, amma ya kwace kuma ya ƙone shahararren haikalin wanda ya ba da sunansa ga birnin. A halin yanzu, duk da haka, Scopas ya yi watsi da kare Aetolia kanta, ya bar ta a buɗe ga Filibus don samun muhimman fa'idodi a gefen Acarnania" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Acarnania">Acarnanians. A shekara ta gaba (218 BC) Dorimachus (wanda ya gaji Scopas a matsayin strategos) ya aiko da Scopas tare da dakarun mercenary don taimakawa Eleans,  amma ba mu da wani asusun ayyukansa a wannan shekarar, ko kuma sauran Yakin Jama'a. Sunan Scopas bai sake bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubuce ba har zuwa shekara ta 211 BC, lokacin da Scopas ya sake rike mukamin janar, kuma a wannan matsayin yana jagorantar taron Aetolians, wanda ya kammala kawance tare da Roman praetor, Marcus Valerius Laevinus. Cin nasarar Acarnania ita ce tarko da aka yi don yaudarar Aetolians cikin wannan ƙungiyar, kuma nan da nan Scopas ya tara sojojinsa don mamaye ƙasar. Amma juriya mai ƙarfi na Acarnanians da kansu, da kuma ci gaban Filibus zuwa ga taimakon su, ya sa ƙoƙarin Scopas ya zama banza. A shekara ta gaba (210 BC) Scopas yana aiki tare da Laevinus a cikin kewaye da Anticyra a Phocis . Bayan kama shi, an ba da birnin ga Aetolians.

 Hidima a Masar 
Bayan karshen yakin da Philip ya yi, an gaya mana cewa Aetolians sun janye hankalinsu da rikice-rikicen farar hula, kuma don kwantar da hankalin wadannan rikice-rikice don samar da wasu magunguna game da nauyin basussuka wanda aka zalunta manyan mutane a kasar, an nada Scopas da Dorimachus don sake fasalin kundin tsarin mulki, a cikin 204 BC. Tabbas ba su cancanci zama 'yan majalisa ba, kuma Scopas ya ɗauki cajin ne kawai daga burin kansa; bayan ya sami kansa ya yi takaici, sai ya janye zuwa Alexandria. A nan ne ministocin da suka yi mulki a lokacin ƙarancin matashi Ptolemy V Epiphanes suka karɓe shi da babbar ni'ima, kuma aka nada shi a matsayin babban kwamandan sojoji a Coele-Syria, inda dole ne ya yi tsayayya da ƙirar Antiochus the Great. Da farko ya ci nasara gaba ɗaya, kuma ya rage dukan lardin Yahuza zuwa ƙarƙashin Ptolemy, amma daga baya Antiochus ya ci nasara a Yaƙin Panium . Ya rufe kansa a cikin ganuwar Sidon, bayan wani yunkuri mara inganci da Ptolemy ya yi na sauƙaƙe shi, yunwa ta tilasta masa ya mika wuya.[1]

 Manazarta 

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