Abu al-Hasan al-Qabisi

Abu ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalaf al-Maʿāfirī al-Qābiṣī[lower-alpha 1] (935-1012) [lower-alpha 1] ya kasance babban masanin Ifrīqiyan (uṣūlī) na Makarantar Mālikī na Shari'ar Musulunci (fiḳh). A shekara ta 996, ya gaji dan uwansa na farko Ibn Abī Zayd a matsayin jagora (Shaykh) na makarantar a al-Qayrawān (Kairouan). [1]

An haifi mahaifin Al-Qābiṣī a ƙauyen al-Maʿāfiriyyīn kusa da Kabis (Gabès) kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga al-Qayrawān . Bisa ga al'adar baki, shi dan uwan farko ne na Ibn Abī Zayd da Muḥriz ibn Khalaf, 'ya'yan'uwan mahaifiyarsa. Ya kasance makaho.

A Afirka al-Qābiṣī ya koyar da shi daga Abu ʾl-ʿAbbās al-Ibyānī, masanin Shāfiʿī daga Tunis; Darrās al-Fāsī, wani Ashʿarī; da Ibn Masrūr al-Dabbāgh. Tare da Darrās al-Fāsī da Andalusian al-Aṣīlī, ya ci gaba da tafiya mai tsawo a gabas daga 963 har zuwa 968.  A lokacin tafiyarsa, saboda makaho ne, sahabbansa sun yi aiki a matsayin sakatarensa.

Kafin ya fara shari'a, al-Qābiṣī ya koyar da qirāʾāt (karya da Alkur'ani). A matsayinsa na lauya ya kasance mai bin al'ada tare da sha'awar Ashʿarī kuma yana da ra'ayi ga rubuce-rubucen Ibn al-Mawwāz . Yana da zurfin ilimin Hadist. Ya taimaka wajen yada Ṣaḥīḥ na al-Bukhārī, tarin ḥadīths, a arewacin Afirka kuma ya rubuta masa wani riwāya, asusun watsa shi. Sauran ayyukansa sun haɗa da tarin ḥadīths na Muwaṭṭaʾ, sananne a al-Andalus; wani rubutu game da halin malamai, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta rubuce-rubucen Saḥnūn; tarin al'adun fiḳh; da haruffa da yawa akan komai daga fassarar Kur'ani, gine-ginen Ribāṭ, al-Ashʿarī da ƙaryata Bakrites (watau, Khārijites ). A lokacin da ya tsufa, an ce ya gabatar da saurayi Ibn Sharaf ga shayari.

Ikon Al-Qābiṣī da suna sun tashi bayan mutuwar Ibn Abī Zayd (996) da Ibn Shiblūn (999) kuma ya zama babban lauya a arewacin Afirka da al-Andalus. A lokacin mutuwarsa har yanzu yana koyar da dalibai tamanin. Wadanda suka gaje shi, wadanda suka ci gaba da aikinsa, sune Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān da Abū Imrān al-Fāsī . Ƙarshen aikin waɗannan malaman Mālikī na al-Qayrawān shine nasarar makarantar Mālikī a Afirka yammacin Misira da kuma raguwa tsakanin Mālikī Zīrids da Shīʿa Fāṭimids.

 Bayani 

 Manazarta