The Fox and the Crow (Aesop)

Fox da Hankaka ɗaya ne daga cikin Tatsuniyoyi na Aesop, mai lamba 124 a cikin Perry Index . Akwai farkon sigar Latin da Girkanci kuma wataƙila an nuna tatsuniyoyi a kan wani tsohon tukunya na Girka.  An yi amfani da labarin a matsayin gargaɗi game da sauraron yabo.

 Labarin 
A cikin tatsuniyar, wani hankaka ya sami cuku ya koma wani reshe ya ci shi. Dila, yana son shi da kansa, yana yi wa hankaka daɗi, yana kiransa da kyau kuma yana mamakin ko muryarsa tana da daɗi kamar yadda take. Idan ya fitar da saniya, cukuwar ta faɗi ta cinye shi.

Sigar tatsuniyar da ta fi daɗewa, a cikin Girkanci da Latin, ta samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 1 na Zamanin Zamani . Shaidar cewa an san ta sosai a baya ta zo a cikin waƙoƙin mawaƙin Latin Horace, wanda ya yi nuni zuwa gare ta sau biyu. Da yake jawabi ga wani mai soso mai rashin lafiya mai suna Scaeva a cikin Wasiƙunsa, mawaƙin ya ba da shawarar magana mai tsaro don "da hankaka zai iya ciyarwa cikin shiru, da ya fi kyau, ba tare da jayayya da hassada ba".  Nassoshi na biyu game da tatsuniyar ya bayyana a cikin baƙar fata na Horace game da farautar gado (II.5):

 Scrivener mai ƙwarewa a fannin fasaha, wanda aka rene shi a Office low,
 Cike yake yi wa mutane ba'a, kuma yana yaudarar hankaka mai kallon ido. 

Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar waƙar a matsayin gargaɗi game da sauraron masu faɗin albarka. Phaedrus ya gabatar da waƙarsa ta Latin da gargaɗin cewa "wanda ke jin daɗin faɗin ƙarya mai cin amana yakan biya hukunci ta hanyar tuba da kunya". Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan da suka ba shi fassarar daban ita ce Odo na Cheriton, wanda darasinsa shi ne cewa ana manta da nagarta a cikin neman buri.  Babrius ya nuna ƙarshen dila da barkwanci game da amincin hankaka a cikin sigar labarinsa ta Girkanci: 'Ba ka kasance wawa ba, da alama, kana da murya; kana da komai, Sir Crow, sai dai kwakwalwa.'  A cikin Tatsuniyoyi na La Fontaine (I.2), dila yana isar da ɗabi'a ta hanyar ramawa ga abin da aka yi wa ɗanɗano. A cikin fassarar Norman Shapiro:

 Masu faɗin albarka suna bunƙasa da yarda da wawaye.
 Darasin ya cancanci cuku, ko ba haka ba?
 Hankaka, fuskar kunya da ruɗewa, ya rantse,
 Amma, ya makara: "Har abada!" 

Kamar yadda ya faru da wasu tatsuniyoyi na La Fontaine da dama, akwai rashin gamsuwa a cikin da'irar Kiristoci, inda aka ji cewa an ɓata wa ɗabi'a rai ta hanyar barin dila ya tafi ba tare da an hukunta shi ba saboda satar da ya yi. Saboda haka, an samar da wani ci gaba a cikin wata shahararriyar waƙa wadda aka yi rikodin sigarta a Saskatchewan . A cikin wannan, an bayyana jana'izar dila yadda ya kamata amma ta ƙare da hankaka yana fitowa daga reshenta,

 Ba na yin nadama ko kaɗan, yanzu da ya mutu,
 Ya ɗauki cuku na ya ci a madadina,
 An hukunta shi da ƙaddara - Allah, ka rama mini. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

Marubucin Jamus Gothold Ephraim Lessing, wanda ya yanke shawara kan yadda ya kamata a rubuta tatsuniyoyi, ya ba wa littafin Aesop mai suna Der Rabe und der Fuchs wani abin mamaki. A cikin sigar da ya sake rubutawa, wani mai lambu ya bar nama mai guba don kashe beraye masu shiga. Wannan ne hankaka ya ɗauka amma dila ya yi masa barkwanci, wanda daga nan ya mutu cikin azaba. Don jaddada ɗabi'ar da yake zana, Lessing ya kammala da la'anar, 'Masu yin barkwanci marasa kyau, Allah Ya ba ku lada da guba ɗaya ga wani!'.

Akwai wani labari na Gabas game da yin alfahari da aka ba shi a cikin littattafan Buddha kamar Jambhu-Khadaka- Jataka . History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books A cikin wannan, dila yana yabon muryar hankaka yayin da yake cin bishiyar fure-apple . Hankaka ya amsa cewa yana buƙatar manyan mutane su gano hakan a cikin wasu kuma ya girgiza wasu 'ya'yan itace don dila ya raba.

Abin da ya zama kamar hoton labarin da ke kan wani fenti da aka gano a wurin haƙa rami a Lothal daga Indus Valley Civilization ya nuna cewa wataƙila an san labarin a can aƙalla shekaru dubu kafin kowace majiya.  A cikin wannan yanayin, an nuna tsuntsun yana zaune a kan bishiya yana riƙe da kifi, yayin da dabba mai kama da dila tana ƙasa. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

 Sigar kiɗa 
Tunda tatsuniya ta tsaya ne a farkon tatsuniyoyin La Fontaine, tsararraki na yaran Faransa sun saba koya ta da haddace ta. Wannan zai bayyana wurare da yawa na mawakan Faransa. Sun haɗa da:
Akwai kuma saitin kalmomin Faransanci na mawaƙin Holland Rudolf Koumans a cikin Vijf fabels van La Fontaine (op. 25, 1968) don ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta makaranta. A shekarar 1995 Xavier Benguerel i Godó ya kafa fassarar tatsuniyar Catalan don karantawa tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa a cikin waƙarsa ta 7 Fábulas de la Fontaine . History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

Isabelle Aboulker ta haɗa tatsuniya a cikin bakwai a cikin 'fabl'opera' na 'ya'yanta La Fontaine et le Corbeau (1977) don mezzo-soprano, baritone, muryoyin yara da ƙaramin ƙungiyar makaɗa. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Jean-Marie Morel (an haife shi a 1934) shi ma ya yi amfani da damarsa ta ban mamaki a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin ƙaramin cantata ɗinsa, La Fontaine en retant (1999), don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta yara da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. David Edgar Walther ya fi son kalmar 'gajeren wasan opera' don Aesop's Fables (2009), zagaye na mintuna 12 tare da libretto ta mawaƙi wanda "The Fox and The Raven" ya bayyana a matsayin na farko cikin guda uku. Dominique Hervieu shi ma ya tsara tatsuniya a 2003 don aikin ballet na Annie Sellem, Les Fables à la Fontaine . A cikin tatsuniya, 'yan rawa biyu suna yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da tasirin bidiyo. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

Sauran mawakan sun je kai tsaye zuwa Aesop don yin wahayi. A cikin Turanci, waɗannan sun haɗa da abu na goma sha ɗaya a cikin A Selection of Aesop's Fables Versified and Set to Music with Symphonies and Accompaniments don Piano Forte (London 1847) da kuma na biyar a cikin Aesop's Fables Interpreted Through Music na Mabel Wood Hill (New York 1920). History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books An saita sigar Turanci ta Peter Westmore don muryoyin yara da piano ta Edward Hughes a matsayin na biyu cikin waƙoƙi goma daga Aesop's Fables (1965) kuma Greg Smith ya haɗa shi a cikin "Aesop's Fables" don waƙoƙin rukuni huɗu na muryoyi masu gauraya da rakiyar piano (New York/London 1979). A Jamus, a ƙarƙashin taken Der Fuchs und der Rabe, Werner Egk ya kafa tatsuniya don wasan kwaikwayo na yara a 1932 kuma mawakin Switzerland Bertrand Gay ya rubuta saitin ƙaho biyu, mai ba da labari da piano. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Fassarar baitin Martin Luther ne Hans Poser ya haɗa a matsayin kashi na uku a cikin littafinsa Die Fabeln des Äsop don mawakan maza masu rakiya (shafi na 28, 1956). An yi amfani da tsohuwar Girkanci a cikin saitin Lefteris Kordis don octet da murya (2010) History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books a cikin Waƙoƙinsa na Aesop's Fables, wanda yanzu aka yi rikodin shi a ƙarƙashin taken "Oh Raven, Idan Kana da Kwakwalwa Kawai!"

"The Fox, The Crow, and The Cookie", a kashe "It's All Crazy!" Duk Ƙarya ne! Duk Mafarki ne! Yana da kyau sigar tatsuniyar da ƙungiyar mawakan rock ta Amurka ta yi rikodin mewithoutYou, wanda ya maye gurbin cuku da biredi. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

 Sauran aikace-aikacen fasaha 
An zana tatsuniyar ba kasa da sau uku ba a gefen Bayeux Tapestry kuma an yi hasashen cewa an yi nufin yin sharhin siyasa. Hoton tsuntsu ne mai girman kai zaune a kan bishiyar da dabba ke kwance a ƙarƙashinta. Suna kallon junansu da bakinsu a buɗe, kuma akwai wani abu a sararin sama a tsakaninsu. Dalilin nuna wannan tatsuniyar a bayyane yake. Girman kai na Harold ya sa ya yi wa kansa illa don haka ya rasa komai. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Wani zane mai ban sha'awa daga baya wanda aka nuna labarin ya fito ne daga Gobelins Manufactory kuma Jean-Baptiste Oudry ne ya tsara shi. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

Tatsuniyar ta kuma bayyana a cikin gine-ginen coci, musamman a kan ginshiƙi a cocin Romanesque na San Martín de Tours a Spain. A ƙarni na baya, an yi amfani da tatsuniyar a kan kayan gida, History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books a kan tayal, History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books a kan tukwane, History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books kuma an nuna ta a cikin jerin lambobin yabo na La Fontaine da Jean Vernon ya jefa a Faransa. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Wani amfani da ba a saba amfani da shi ba shi ne mutum-mutumin hydraulic da aka gina wa Versailles Labyrinth wanda aka gina wa Louis XIV, ɗaya daga cikin mutum-mutumi talatin da tara a cikin taswirar da ke nuna tatsuniyoyin Aesop. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Daga ƙarshe dila da hankaka sun bayyana, tsakanin sauran dabbobi da yawa, a kan babban abin tunawa ga La Fontaine wanda Achille Dumilâtre ya tsara a 1891. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Wannan ya tsaya a kusurwar Jardins de Ranelagh tsakanin Avenue Ingres da Avenue du Ranelagh a Paris XVI kuma an narkar da shi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. An maye gurbinsa da abin tunawa na yanzu na Charles Correia a shekarar 1983. Wannan ya nuna mai zane-zanen da ke tsaye yana kallon hankakan da ke ɗauke da cuku a ƙafafunsa, yayin da dila ke kallonsa daga matakala zuwa ga dandamali. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books A Rasha ma, an yi wani gyara na tatsuniyar La Fontaine ta Ivan Krylov, " The Crow and the Fox " (a wannan yanayin ba ta bambanta da ainihin Faransanci ba), History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books wanda ke cikin wasu da yawa a kan allon da ke kewaye da abin tunawa na Andrey Drevin kusa da Patriarch Ponds a Moscow .
A Jamus, tatsuniyar ta shahara, ba wai kawai saboda yadda Lessing ya saba ba, har ma da fassarar Martin Luther mai inganci. Dabbobin daji da dama a can suna da sassaka bisa ga labarin, wanda Stefan Horota ya ɗauki nauyin mutane biyu. A Rostock Zoo, dila ya kalli wani itace da ake tsammanin tsuntsun yana zaune a ciki. Ya dogara ne akan sassaka tagulla na 1965 da ya yi kusa da hanyar daji a cikin gidan namun daji a Gera . A can, wani hankaka mai salo yana tsaye da kansa a murɗe yana riƙe da cuku, yayin da dila ke zaune yana kallon sama da hancinsa a ƙasa da bakin tsuntsun. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Sannan a bango a ƙofar ƙaramin gidan namun daji a Weißwasser akwai wani farantin yumbu na tatsuniyar da gidan al'adu na gida ya ƙirƙira wani lokaci kafin 1990. Karlheinz Goedtke ne ya yi wani rukunin tagulla don filin wani gida a Lübeck (1974). History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Akwai kuma wani dutse mai duwatsu masu yashi a filin Gidan Tarihi na Lessing da ke Kamenz . Wannan yana kama da akwati mai zagaye mai rufin ganye, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa hankaka ke zaune a kan reshe mai aski, dila kuma yana kallonsa sama a ƙasa.

A Amurka, tatsuniyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin allunan ƙofar tagulla guda shida da aka yi wa William Church Osborne Memorial Playground a Manhattan's Central Park a 1952. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Aikin mai sassaka Paul Manship, yanzu yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian American Art . Dila da ke zaune yana kallon hankaka a cikin wani abu mai kyau wanda ke amfani da damar ado na ciyawa da ganyen itacen oak waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙirar gabaɗaya. Kalubalen da ke tattare da wannan batu koyaushe shine guje wa ƙuntatawa da tatsuniyar da ke da tattaunawa fiye da aiki ta sanya. André Deluol kuma ya sami damar canza dabarar sassaka dutse da ya ƙirƙira a wajen makarantar jarirai ta La Fontaine a kwata na Croix-de-Vernailles na Etampes a 1972. A can dila ya kalli hankaka a kan kafadarsa a cikin ƙira da manyan ganyen bishiyar da aka yi wa ado suka riƙe tare. An keɓe wani labarin ga mutum-mutumi da sigar tatsuniyar. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

Akwai ƙuntatawa a cikin girman hoto mai girma biyu: ko an buga shi ko an fenti shi, waɗannan sun gabatar da kusan kamanni na zane tsawon ƙarni da yawa. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambancen da ba kasafai ake samu ba shine zanen da Léon Rousseau ya yi (fl.1849-81) wanda ke nuna dila yana durƙusawa da ƙafa ɗaya akan cukuwar da ta faɗi kuma yana sunkuyar da kansa kai tsaye sama don yi wa hankaka da ya fusata ba'a. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books Akwai kuma rubutun 1961 da mai zane na Jamus Horst Janssen ya yi na wani babban dila mai layi yana kallon tsuntsu mai sauƙi a kan reshe. Ga bambance-bambancen girma da kuma shaharar da ake nunawa idan aka yi la'akari da mai ladabi wanda ya ƙunshi asalinsa. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Leiden 1999, vol 3, p. 161, available at Google Books

 Philately 
Tatsuniya ta kasance abin sha'awa ga masu zane-zanen tambari. Daga cikin ƙasashen da suka nuna ta akwai waɗannan:

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba