Musulmai na farko

Daga 613 zuwa 619 AZ, annabin Musulunci Muhammadu  Amincin Allah su tabbata a gareshi ya tara a garinsu na Makka ƙananan mabiya waɗanda suka rungumi saƙonsa na Musulunci kuma ta haka ne suka zama Musulmai. Mutumin farko da ya yi ikirarin Musulunci shine matarsa, Khadija bint Khuwaylid . Asalin namiji Musulmi na biyu, bayan Muhammadu da kansa, ana jayayya da shi sosai tare da layin ɗarika, kamar yadda Shia da wasu kafofin Sunni suka bayyana shi a matsayin Shia imam na farko Ali ibn Abi Talib, yaro a lokacin, wanda ya girma a gidan dan uwansa, Muhammad. Sauran kafofin sun ba da rahoton CE namiji na farko da ya tuba shi ne Abu Bakr, wanda daga baya ya gaji Muhammadu a matsayin KHalifa na Sunni na farko, ko kuma ɗan Muhammadu, Zayd ibn Haritha . Duk da yake yana da wahala a kafa tsari na lokaci-lokaci na juyowa na farko, an san asalin Musulmai na farko da tabbaci.

 Mata Musulmi ta farko 
Muhammad ya fara da'awar CE ya karbi wahayinsa na farko a kusa da 610 AZ, wanda da farko ya fara kiran matarsa ne kawai , Khadija bint Khuwaylid. Bayan lokaci, a garinsu na Makka, Muhammadu ya tara ƙananan mabiya waɗanda suka rungumi saƙonsa na musulunci (lwato miqa wuya ga Allah) kuma suka zama Musulmai. Wannan ya kara fusata manyan mutanen Makka, wadanda suka tsananta wa wayanda suka karbi musulunci a  farko, musamman bayi da masu zaman kansu. Duk da yake an san Khadija a duniya a matsayin mace ta farko da ta karbi  addinin Musulunci, sanin gaskiyan waye namiji daya karbi addinin baya Annabin muhammad dakansa, an samu sabanin akan wannan .

 wanda ya musulunta na biyu a maza 
Ga wani sabani da ke gudana dangane da wanene musulmi namiji na biyu, wato namiji na farko da ya yarda da koyarwar Muhammadu. [1] [1] Mabiya Shi'a da wasu mabiya Sunna sun bayyana shi a matsayin dan uwan Muhammadu, Ali ibn Abi Talib, wanda shekarunsa a lokacin ke tsakanin tara zuwa goma sha daya. [1] Alal misali, wannan labari ya zo daga masanin tarihi na Sunna, Ibn Hisham (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 833), a cikin littafinsa na Al-Sira Al-Nabawiya, wanda shine littafin tarihin rayuwa na Ibn Ishaq (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 767), wanda ya karkata ga Shi'a. [1] [1] Irin wadannan bayanai sun bayyana a cikin ayyukan malaman Sunna, Ibn Sa'd (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 845) da Al-Suyuti (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1505). [1] [1] Shi kansa Ali ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne musulmi namiji na biyu a cikin Al-Qasi'a, wata huɗuba da aka jingina masa a cikin Nahj al-Balagha. [1] Daga cikin marubuta na zamani, wannan ra'ayi ne na Hassan Abbas, [1] John Esposito, [1] Clément Huart, [1] Betty Kelen, [1] John McHugo, [1] Moojan Momen, [1] Hossein Nasr da Asma Afsaruddin, [1] da kuma Reza Shah-Kazemi, [1] yayin da W. Montgomery Watt (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 2006) yake ɗaukar jerin sunayen musulman farko da aka ambata a Al-Sira Al-Nabawiya a matsayin "kusan daidai".."

Sauran kafofin Sunni sun ƙayyade namiji na farko da ya karbi musulunci ya zama ko dai KHalifa na Sunni na farko, Abu Bakr, ko kuma ɗan Muhammad, Zayd ibn Haritha .  Musamman, masanin tarihin Sunni al-Tabari (d.d. 923) ya lissafa al'adun Sunni da yawa masu saɓani game da fifiko na Ali, Abu Bakr, da Zayd, amma - da kansa ya guji yin hukunci a kan batun - ya bar mai karatu ya yanke shawarar wane daga cikin labaran da za a fi so. Rubuce-rubucen da suka fi dacewa sun sanya Ali a gaban Abu Bakr, a cewar mai bin addinin Musulunci Robert Gleave;  duk da haka, rashin jituwa na Sunni-Shia game da wannan al'amari yana  bayyane,   kuma babban matsayi na Abu Bakr na baya-bayan nan na iya nunawa a cikin bayanan Musulunci na farko.

Tushen Sunni sau da yawa suna bayyana Ali a matsayin yaro na farko da ya rungumi Islama,   kodayake Watt [2] da masanin tarihin Sunni al-Jahiz (d.d. 869) sun yi tambaya game da muhimmancin juyowa. A madadin haka, masanin shari'a na Shia Ibn Shahrashub (d.d. 1192) ya ce matasan Ali - ba tare da hana ikonsa na fahimtar saƙon Muhammadu ba - a zahiri kawai yana ƙara cancanta wajen yin hakan; Shahras Hub ya ci gaba da jayayya cewa Yesu da Yahaya Maibaftisma an ba su irin wannan hikimar Allah tun suna yara, bisa ga Alkur'ani. A cikin kafofin Shia, an yaba wa Ali ba kawai a matsayin namiji na farko da ya tuba ba, har ma da - tun da Muhammad ya tashe shi tun yana ƙarami - ba tare da yin bautar gumaka ba. Wannan ya sanya shi - a cikin Shi'a - sama da Abu Bakr, wanda ya kasance mutum ne mai matsakaicin shekaru a lokacin da ya tuba.
Tun da matsayin zamantakewa a cikin Islama ya dogara da fifiko na Islama, rahotanni na tarihi game da tsari wanda mabiyansa suka shiga Muhammadu sau da yawa ba abin dogaro ba ne. Duk da haka, ana iya tattara kimanin jerin Musulmai na farko tare da tabbaci mai ma'ana, kuma Ibn Ishaq ne ya ba da irin wannan jerin. Da yawa daga cikinsu matasa ne da maza masu matsakaicin matsayi, kamar yadda Watt ya yi, wasu daga cikinsu ba su ji daɗin kariya ta dangi ba kuma saboda haka suna iya fuskantar tsangwama daga arna na Makka.

Daga cikin Banu Hashim, dangin Muhammad, Ja'far ibn Abi Talib da Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib Musulmai ne na farko. Ubyda ibn al-Harith, wasu shekaru da suka fi Muhammad girma, wani dangi ne na shi wanda ya rungumi Islama tun da wuri. Baya ga Abu Bakr, wani matashi Talha ibn Ubayd Allah wani ne na farko da ya tuba daga dangin Banu Taym a Makka. Daga cikin Banu Zuhra, wani dangin Makka, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas da 'yan uwansa, Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud, al-Muttalib ibn Azhar da ɗan'uwansa, da Khabbab ibn al-Aratt duk Musulmai ne na farko, kodayake adadi na ƙarshe ya kasance matalauta mai haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙaramin kariya, kuma mai yiwuwa ya sha wahala a Makka. Miqdad ibn Aswad da Mas'ud bin Rabi'a, duka Musulmai ne na farko, wasu 'yan haɗin gwiwa biyu ne na wannan dangi. Masu tuba na farko daga cikin dangin Banu Adi na Mecca sun hada da Sa'id ibn Zayd, Nu'aym ibn Abd Allah, da Umar ibn al-Khattab, wanda daga baya ya gaji Abu Bakr zuwa Khalifanci. Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah da Suhayl ibn Bayda' sun zama Musulmai daga cikin rukunin Banu al-Harith, wani dangin Makka. Musulmai na farko daga dangin Makka na Banu Amir sun hada da Ibn Umm Makhtum, Suhayl ibn Amr, da 'yan uwansa. Zubayr ibn al-Awwam shine watakila kawai mai suna farkon tuba daga Banu Asad, wani dangin Makka. Daga cikin dangin Abd Shams masu tasiri a Makka, Uthman ibn Affan, Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba, Khalid ibn Sa'id, da dangin Jahsh sun yi ikirarin Islama da wuri. Banu Makhzum, a bayyane yake dangin da ke da rinjaye a siyasa a Makka, suma suna da wasu Musulmai na farko, ciki har da Abu Salama, al-Arqam, Shams ibn Uthman, da kuma Ammar ibn Yasir. Khunays ibn Hudhafa shine kawai mai suna farkon tuba daga Banu Sahm, wani dangin Makka. Daga cikin Banu Juma, Uthman ibn Maz'un da wasu daga cikin danginsa na kusa an jera su daga cikin masu tuba na farko.https://byenah.com/ar/muslim-content/431

https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/raayi/10317-10317.html?tztc=1

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah

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