Saint Monica

Monica (  - 387), wanda kuma aka rubuta a matsayin Monnica, ta kasance waliyyiyar Kirista ta farko a Arewacin Afirka kuma mahaifiyar Augustine na Hippo . Ana tunawa da ita kuma ana girmama ta a Cocin Katolika da Orthodox, duk da cewa a ranakun bukukuwa daban-daban, saboda kyawawan halayenta na Kirista, musamman wahalar da zinar mijinta ta jawo, da kuma rayuwarta mai addu'a da ta sadaukar da kanta ga gyara ɗanta, wanda ya rubuta abubuwa da yawa game da ayyukanta na ibada da rayuwa tare da ita a cikin littafinsa na Iƙirari . Shahararrun tatsuniyoyi na Kirista suna tuna Monica tana kuka kowace dare ga ɗanta Augustine.

 Rayuwa 
Wataƙila an haifi Monica a Thagaste (Souk Ahras na yanzu, Aljeriya).  An yi imanin cewa ta kasance Berber bisa ga sunanta. Ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama ga Patricius, wani arna, a Thagaste .  An ruwaito cewa Patricius yana da fushin tashin hankali kuma ya bayyana cewa yana da halaye masu lalata; a bayyane yake mahaifiyarsa ta nuna irin wannan hali. Ayyukan Monica da almsgiving, ayyuka da halaye na addu'a sun fusata Patricius, amma an ce koyaushe yana girmama ta.

Monica tana da 'ya'ya uku waɗanda suka tsira daga jariri: 'ya'yan maza biyu, Augustine da Navigius, da kuma 'yar, 'Perpetua' na Hippo. Ba ta iya samun baftisma a gare su ba, sai ta yi baƙin ciki sosai lokacin da Augustine ya yi rashin lafiya. A cikin wahalarta ta nemi Patricius ya ba da izinin Augustine ya yi masa baftisma; ya yarda, sannan ya janye wannan yardar lokacin da yaron ya warke.
Amma sauƙin Monica a lokacin da Augustine ya warke ya zama damuwa yayin da ya yi kuskuren rayuwarsa ta sabuntawa ta zama mai tawaye kuma, kamar yadda shi da kansa ya ce, mai laushi. Daga karshe aka tura shi makaranta a Maduros. Yana da shekara 17 kuma yana karatun maganganu a Carthage lokacin da Patricius ya mutu.

Augustine ya zama Manichaean a Carthage. Lokacin da, a lokacin da ya dawo gida, ya ba da ra'ayinsa game da Manichaeism, Monica ta kore shi daga teburinta. Koyaya, an kuma ce ta sami wahayin da ya shawo kanta ta sulhunta da shi.
A wannan lokacin ta ziyarci wani bishop (ba a san sunansa ba) wanda ya ta'azantar da ita da kalmomin, "ɗan waɗannan hawaye ba zai taɓa ɓacewa ba. " Monica ta bi ɗanta mai saurin fushi zuwa Roma, inda ya tafi a asirce; lokacin da ta isa ya riga ya tafi Milan, amma ta sake bi shi. A nan ta sami Ambrose kuma ta hanyarsa ta ga Augustine ya tuba zuwa Kiristanci bayan shekaru 17 na juriya.

A cikin littafinsa Confessions, Augustine ya rubuta game da wani al'ada na musamman na mahaifiyarsa inda ta " kawo wasu wuraren ibada, waɗanda aka gina don tunawa da tsarkaka, hadayu na shinkafa, gurasa, ruwa da ruwan inabi. "  Lokacin da ta koma Milan, bishop Ambrose ya hana ta yin amfani da hadayar ruwan inabi, tunda "yana iya zama lokacin cin abinci mai yawa ga waɗanda aka riga aka ba su sha". Don haka, Augustine ya rubuta game da ita:

Monica da ɗanta sun kwashe watanni shida na zaman lafiya a Rus Cassiciacum (Cassago Brianza na yanzu) bayan haka Ambrose ya yi wa Augustine baftisma a cocin St John the Baptist a Milan. Monica da Augustine sun tafi Afirka kuma sun fara tafiya, sun tsaya a Civitavecchia da Ostia. A nan ne Monica ta mutu, kuma baƙin cikin Augustine ya yi wahayi zuwa ga Confessions.

 Addu'a 
An binne Monica a Ostia kuma da farko an kusan manta da ita, kodayake an cire jikinta a cikin karni na 6 zuwa wani ɓoyayyen ɓoye a cocin Santa Aurea a Ostia. An binne Monica kusa da kabarin Aurea na Ostia .  Daga baya aka tura kabarinta zuwa Basilica na Sant'Agostino, Roma.

Anicius Auchenius Bassus ya rubuta rubutun jana'izar Monica, wanda ya tsira a rubuce-rubucen tsohuwar. An sake gano ainihin dutsen da aka rubuta shi a lokacin rani na 1945 a cocin Santa Aurea . An gano raguwar ne bayan yara maza biyu suna tono rami don dasa tashar kwallon kafa a cikin farfajiyar kusa da Santa Aurea.

Fassara daga Latin ta Douglas Boin ta karanta:

A cikin karni na 13, duk da haka, addinin Saint Monica ya fara yaduwa kuma an yi biki don girmama ta a ranar 4 ga Mayu. A cikin 1430, Paparoma Martin V ya ba da umarnin cewa a kawo kayan tarihi zuwa Roma. An ce mu'ujizai da yawa sun faru a kan hanya, kuma an kafa addinin Saint Monica. Daga baya babban bishop na Rouen, Guillaume d'Estouteville, ya gina coci a Roma don girmama Augustine, Basilica di Sant'Agostino, kuma ya ajiye kayan Saint Monica a cikin ɗakin sujada a gefen hagu na babban bagaden. Ofishin St. Monica, duk da haka, da alama bai sami wuri a cikin Roman Breviary ba kafin karni na 16.

A cikin 1934, a cikin birnin Utrecht na Holland, an kafa tsari na 'Zusters Augustinessen van Sint-Monica', suna yin aikin zamantakewa, suna ba da mafaka ga mata masu juna biyu ko mata waɗanda suka sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida ko cin zarafi. 'Yan uwan sun kuma fara makarantun firamare da yawa. A lokacin da suka fi girma, tsari yana da masallatai shida, a Amsterdam, Utrecht, Sittard, Maastricht, Hilversum da Arnouville a gefen Paris. Tun lokacin da aka rufe gidan ibada na Hilversum, City of God, a cikin 2014, kawai Utrecht ya kasance a matsayin gidan hutawa ga tsofaffi tsakanin 'yan'uwa mata, da kuma Casella, wani wurin shakatawa na gandun daji kusa da Hilversum. 
Birnin Santa Monica, California, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Monica. Wani labari ya bayyana cewa a cikin karni na 18 Uba Juan Crespí ya ba da sunan wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai dripping Las Lágrimas de Santa Mónica ("Saint Monica's Tears"; a yau da aka sani da Serra Springs) wanda ya tunatar da hawaye da Monica ta zubar a kan rashin tsoron Allah na ɗanta. Kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin littafinsa, duk da haka, Crespí ya kira wurin San Gregorio. Abin da aka sani da tabbaci shi ne cewa a cikin shekarun 1820, ana amfani da sunan Santa Monica kuma an ambaci shi na farko a hukumance a cikin 1827 a cikin hanyar izinin kiwo. Akwai wani mutum-mutumi na wannan saint a cikin Palisades Park na Santa Monica ta hanyar mai zane Eugene Morahan; an kammala shi a 1934. 

Ana girmama Monica a cikin Cocin Ingila da kuma Cocin Episcopal a ranar 4 ga Mayu.

 A cikin al'adun gargajiya 
Patricia McGerr ta ba da labarin rayuwarta a cikin littafin 1964 My Brothers, Remember Monica: A Novel of the Mother of Augustine . 

A cikin fim din 2010 Restless Heart: The Confessions of Saint Augustine, 'yar wasan Italiya Monica Guerritore ce ta nuna Saint Monica.

A cikin oratorio La conversione di Sant'Agostino (1750) wanda Johann Adolph Hasse ya kirkiro (libretto na Duchess Maria Antonia ta Bavaria), rawar da Monica ta taka wajen juyowa na ɗanta Augustine an nuna shi.

A cikin waka "Confessional", Frank Bidart ya kwatanta dangantakar da ke tsakanin Monica da ɗanta Augustine da dangantakar da take tsakanin mai magana da waka da mahaifiyarsa.

A cikin "Mala'ika na Gargadi", karo na biyar na kakar 3 na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Evil, David ya yi iƙirarin Monica baƙar fata ce, kodayake al'ada ana nuna ta a matsayin fari a cikin fasahar addini. A zahiri an yi imanin cewa ita Berber ce. A cikin kashi na goma na kakar wasa ta 3, ya kira St. Monica yayin da yake tsere ya wuce bayyanar aljanu na jarabawar jima'i a matsayin abokin aikinsa Kristen. Ya ci gaba da yin addu'a don ceto daga jaraba kuma St. Monica ta ziyarce shi.

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