Nina Kandinsky

Nina Kandinsky (27 ga Janairu 1899 - 2 ga Satumba 1980) ita ce matar mawakiyar Wassily Kandinsky ta biyu. Bayan rasuwar Wassily a 1944 ta kula da kadarorinsa, tana sayar da ayyuka ga manyan gidajen tarihi  kuma bayan rasuwarta ta bar sauran tarin ayyukansa da takardunsa ga Cibiyar Pompidou .   A 1963 ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun rancen farko na zane-zane daga gwamnatin Rasha zuwa gidan kayan tarihi na Amurka tun kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.  Ta buga Wassily und ich: Mein leben mit einem großen Künstler a 1976 kuma ta kafa Société Kandinsky a Cibiyar Pompidou a 1979. An kashe ta a 1980.  name="auto">

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Nina Nikolaevna Andreevskaya 'yar wani jami'in Rasha ce.  A shekarar 1916, lokacin da ta haɗu da Wassily Kandinsky, tana zaune tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yar uwarta gwauraye kuma tana aiki a Sashen Fasaha na Kayayyaki (IZQ) a cikin Kwamitin Kula da Wayar da Kan Jama'a (NARKOMPROS) da ke Moscow. 

 Alaƙa da Wassily Kandinsky 
Nina ta haɗu da mai zane-zane na Rasha Wassily Kandinsky a watan Mayu na 1916. Ya ƙare dangantaka da mai zane-zane na Jamus Gabriele Münter .  Nina da Wassily sun taɓa yin magana ta waya a baya, kuma Wassily, wacce muryarta ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, ta zana En Hommage a Une Voix Inconnue (In Tribute to an Unknown Voice).  Sun haɗu a karon farko a Gidan Tarihi na Pushkin  kuma suka yi aure a Moscow watanni shida bayan haka, a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 1917,  suna tafiya zuwa Finland don hutun amarcinsu.  Sun yi lokacin bazara a cikin wani dacha a Achtyrka  kuma "ba su rabu da juna ba na kwana ɗaya" bayan haka.  An haifi ɗansu tilo, Vsevolod Vasilevich, a watan Satumba na 1917.  
Bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba na 1917, Nina ta rubuta a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarta game da yadda rayuwarsu a Moscow ta zama "ba za a iya jurewa ba" kuma cewa sun "jure sanyi, yunwa, da mawuyacin hali na tsawon shekaru."  Ɗan ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar a watan Yunin 1920. 

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1921, Nina ta raka Wassily zuwa ziyartar Walter Gropius da Bauhaus a Berlin.  An gayyaci Wassily ya koyar a can a watan Maris na shekarar 1922  kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Motzstraße, Berlin  inda ya fara koyarwa a watan Yuli. 

Tun daga shekarar 1922, Nina ta fara yin lissafin launukan ruwa da zane-zanen mai da Wassily ta nuna, gami da farashi da sauran bayanan sayarwa.  A daidai wannan lokacin, ta shirya wa Jean Leppien, ɗalibar Kandinsky, fassara rubutun Kandinsky zuwa Faransanci. 

A watan Yunin 1926 suka ƙaura zuwa wani sabon gida, inda maƙwabtansu su ne Paul da Lily Klee .  Nina za ta ci gaba da hulɗa da Lily bayan da Kandinskys suka ƙaura zuwa Paris a 1933, ma'auratan sun rubuta wa junansu "matsalolin gida, matsalolin kuɗi, da kuma fargabar yaƙi."  A 1928, Kandinskys sun sami 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Jamus.  Nina ta ɗauki hoton "sanannen taron farko tsakanin Kandinsky, Rebay da Guggenheims " a Bauhaus Dessau a 1930. 

Wassily ta ba Nina waɗannan zane-zane a matsayin kyauta :Lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka rufe Bauhaus a shekarar 1933, an "tilasta wa Kandinskys su tafi". Sun yi tafiya zuwa Paris inda Marcel Duchamp ya ba da shawarar su zauna a Neuilly-sur-Seine . Suna fatan za su iya komawa Jamus, amma bayan shekara guda suka zauna a Faransa kuma ba su sake komawa Jamus ba.  A nan ne Wassily ta mutu a shekarar 1944. 

A shekarar 1938, an yi wani babban nazari kan ayyukan Wassily a Guggenheim, New York, wanda "Kandinsky da matarsa suka tsara su da kyau".  Mai tattara kayan fasaha Peggy Guggenheim "bai yi mu'amala da Nina mai mallakar gida da kuma mai son kasuwanci ba." 

Tun bayan neman zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa tun daga shekarar 1934, an ba wa Kandinskys izinin zama ɗan ƙasar a watan Yulin 1939. Fasfo ɗinsu na Jamus ya ƙare kuma ba a sabunta shi ba.  A shekarar 1941, ɗan jaridar Amurka Varian Fry ya shirya wa Kandinskys su sami biza zuwa Amurka, amma suka yanke shawarar zama a Faransa. 

 Gudanar da gadon Wassily 
Game da rawar da bazawar mai zane take takawa, ta ce, "Bazawar mai zane ita ce mai kula da kuma mai gudanarwa. Ana sonta, ana sonta, ana ƙinta ta, ana yaba mata kuma ana cin zarafinta. Ana zarginta da cewa tana da wahala, girman kai, son zuciya, rashin son jama'a, kishi, mulkin kama-karya, kwadayi da kuma son kai." 

Watanni uku bayan rasuwar Wassily, bayan "bai taɓa jin daɗin girmamawar da yake nema ba", Nina "ta ɗauki al'amura"  ta kuma tuntuɓi René Drouin, mai ɗaya daga cikin gidajen tarihi kaɗan da suka kasance a buɗe a lokacin aikin . Ta aika masa da "zanen mai guda goma sha biyu da zane-zanen mai guda uku a kan kwali don duba baya",  ta maimaita wannan sau uku a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa.

Karl Nierendorf, ma'aikacin banki da ke zaune a New York, wanda ya zama dillalin fasaha, ya ɗauki babban kayan aikin Wassily daga Nina a shekarun 1940. Lokacin da ya mutu a 1947, an miƙa wa Leo Castelli kayan aikin wanda a lokacin "komai yana tafiya da kyau. Babu kuɗi, babu komai." "Girman" ayyukan Kandinsky yana nufin cewa kasuwancin Castelli zai iya bunƙasa.  Duk da haka, ya "ba da ƙarfin gwiwa sosai wajen magance gwauruwar da ta yi wahala" kuma ya haɓaka ra'ayin cewa "wani lokacin mu'amala da masu fasaha masu rai ya fi sauƙi fiye da mu'amala da matattu, musamman idan gwauruwa mai wahala tana cikin tattaunawar."  Lokacin da Sonia Delaunay ke tunanin abin da za ta yi game da gadon mijinta, duk da cewa ba ta taɓa son Nina ba, "dole ne ta yarda [ta] yi tasiri wajen shirya nunin faifai a ko'ina." 

A shekarar 1946, Nina ta ba da "tallafin ɗabi'a" wajen kafa Prix Kandinsky  don "taimakawa matasa masu fasaha da ke aiki a yanayin da ba a saba gani ba".  An fara ba da shi ga Jean Dewasne kuma ana ba shi kowace shekara har zuwa 1957.  

A shekarar 1947, Nina ta ba da izinin yin wani sabon sigar rubutun Wassily na shekarar 1910 mai suna Uber das Geistige in der Kunst (Fasaha ta Haɗin Kan Ruhaniya) mai suna Game da Ruhaniya a Fasaha, wanda ta ƙara nata rubutun. 

A shekarun 1960, Nina ta ba da lasisi ga wani mai yin kayan ado da ke Landan don ƙirƙirar kayan ado bisa ga fasahar Wassily. 

A shekarar 1962, Nina ta ƙi amincewa da buga wani littafi da Lothar-Günther Buchheim ya rubuta, Der Blaue Reiter da die "Neue Künstervereinigung Münster" saboda ya yi nuni ga dangantakar Wassily da Münther a baya. Ƙin amincewa daga ƙarshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma an buga littafin. 

Nina za ta ba da rancen wasu daga cikin tarin kayanta don baje kolin kayan tarihi, ciki har da zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco a 1952,  Gidan Tarihi na Steinburg, Gidan Tarihi na Washington (1963)  da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a 1969.  Ta kasance "babban mai ba da rance" na ayyukan da aka yi a 1963 na baya-bayan nan na ayyukan Kandinsky a Guggenheim, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattaunawar da aka yi a Moscow don samar da damar ba da rancen da ba a taɓa gani ba ga Guggenheim na muhimman ayyukan Kandinsky guda 7 daga tarin gidajen tarihi na Rasha."  Wannan shine rancen farko da gwamnatin Rasha ta ba wa gidan tarihi na Amurka tun kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 
Nina abokiyar Georges da Claude Pompidou ce. Ba kamar iyalan sauran masu fasaha ba kamar Henri Laurens da Georges Rouault, ta kasance mai goyon bayan Cibiyar Pompidou tun farko. Yayin da wasu suka yi zanga-zanga kan wurin da ginin yake da kuma tsarinsa, Nina ta bayar da gudummawar zane-zane 15 da launukan ruwa 15 - ciki har da Improvisation III (1909) da Mit b (1912)  - ga cibiyar a shekarar 1976,  ta zama babbar mai ba ta taimako har zuwa wannan lokacin.  Wannan gudummawar ta ƙarfafa wasu su ba da gudummawar ayyuka, ciki har da waɗanda Constantin Brâncuşi, Max Ernst, Joan Miró da Antoine Pevsner suka yi.  

A cikin wannan shekarar Nina ta buga Wassily und ich: Mein leben mit einem großen Künstler . Nufinta na littafin shine "dot the i's, saboda sau da yawa masu suka ba sa yin bincike." 

A shekarar 1977 ta kasance bako mai girmamawa a bikin cika shekaru 40 na Gidauniyar Solomon R Guggenheim.  Za ta ci gaba da "ido sosai" kan nunin ayyukan Wassily kuma za ta kuma tabbatar da aikinsa, tana cewa a shekarar 1978 "Yawancin jabun - na ga 20 a bara."  Game da wannan tsarin tantancewa, mai gidan adana kayan tarihi na Amurka Richard L. Feigen ya bayyana bukatar a tabbatar da aikin Kandinsky ta Nina. Ya rubuta "Yayin da nake tafiya zuwa gare ta da zanen a hannuna, daga nesa ta ce "Wannan Kandinsky ne na 1904." Amma lokacin da ta karanta rubutun [ Münter 06 - wataƙila sadaukarwa ga tsohon abokin aikinsa], ta ce "Wannan ba Kandinsky ba ne." A cewar Nina, babu wani Kandinsky da Münter ya taɓa mallaka wanda ya kasance Kandinsky." 

A shekarar 1979 ta kafa Société Kandinsky, wanda ke da hedikwata a Cibiyar Pompidou, "don karewa da haɓaka ayyukan mai zane".  A watan Janairun 1980 ta ba da gudummawar duk ayyukan Wassily da suka rage a hannunta ga Cibiyar.   

 Rubutu 

 Game da ruhaniya a cikin fasaha (1942) - muƙala 
 Lamunin Zane-zane na Musamman daga USSR (1963) Pub. Gidan Tarihi na Solomon R Guggenheim - muƙala
 Kandinsky, Nina Kandinsky: Aquarelle und Zeichnungen (1972) Pub. Galerie Beyeler
 Kandinsky, Nina Wassily und ich: Mein leben mit einem großen Künstler (1976) Pub. Droemer Knaur 

 Bayan mutuwar Wassily 
Bayan rasuwar Wassily a shekarar 1944, Nina ta ci gaba da zama a gidansu na Neuilly-sur-Paris, tana canzawa "ba kamar yadda za ta yiwu ba" har sai da ta rasu shekaru 36 bayan haka. Ɗakin Wassily ya ci gaba da kasancewa yayin da ya bar shi a shekarar 1944. 

Ma'auratan sun yi rayuwa mai sauƙi, amma bayan mutuwar Wassily, yayin da darajar aikinsa ta ƙaru sosai, Nina ta sami damar sha'awar kyawawan kayan ado. Za ta yi bikin shayi a kowace Ranar Sabuwar Shekara inda ake gayyatar Yvan Le Tourneur na Van Cleef & Arpels koyaushe, don ta iya "sha'awar da zaɓar kayan ado da za ta saya a wannan shekarar." Tana da sha'awar emeralds. A shekarun 1970s ta gina wani gida a Gstaad, Switzerland wanda ta kira "Chalet Esmerelda". Jimilla Nina ta ba Cibiyar Pompidou zane-zane 113 na mai, launukan ruwa 741 da zane-zane, "ayyuka da yawa" na wasu masu fasaha (gami da Klees marasa tsari) da kuma tarin takardu masu yawa.

Ta sami kyaututtuka bakwai daga gwamnatin Faransa, ciki har da Legion d'Honneur.  

 Kisan kai 
An kai wa Nina hari aka kashe ta a gidanta a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1980.  An shake ta. Dalilin da ake zargin fashi ne. An kwace kayan ado na dala miliyan 2, ciki har da sarkar sarkar Cartier ta dala $930,000 da ta saya kwanan nan, amma babu wani zane-zane. An yi bincike a duk fadin nahiyar Afirka don gano wanda ya kashe ta, amma babu wanda aka tuhume shi da laifin.   Mutane 14 sun halarci jana'izarta a Paris.  An sayar da Chalet Esmerelda kan dala miliyan 1.14 a shekarar 1983, kuma an ba da gudummawar kudaden ga gwamnatin Faransa.  Nunin 1983 na Kandinsky: Rasha da Bauhaus Shekaru 1915-1933 a Gidan Tarihi na Guggenheim an sadaukar da shi ne don tunawa da Nina. 

 Duba kuma 


 Richardson, John Kandinsky's Merry Widow (Fabrairu 1995) Vanity Fair, shafi na 128

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba