Aleshia Brevard

Aleshia Brevard (Disamba 9, 1937 – Yuli 1, 2017)  marubuciya ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo, talabijin, da talabijin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai nishadantarwa, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mai tallan kayan kawa, zomo Playboy, farfesa a wasan kwaikwayo, kuma marubuciya. Ta kuma yi tiyatar sake canza wurin jima'i da aka yi a Amurka.  Brevard ta rayu rayuwarta a wajen al'ummar masu canza jinsi, kuma sakamakon haka, ba a bayyana ta a bainar jama'a a matsayin mai canza jinsi ba har sai da ta buga tarihin rayuwarta a shekarunta na ƙarshe.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Brevard a Erwin, Tennessee a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1937,   tana girma a cikin iyali masu addini a wani yanki na karkara na tsakiyar Tennessee.   Tana kusa da mahaifiyarta. Brevard koyaushe tana jin bambanci da sauran yara, kamar yarinya a ciki, kuma tana addu'a dare da rana don ta tashe yarinya.   Shekarunta na ƙuruciya sun kasance marasa daɗi, kuma bayan rashin jin daɗin soyayya a makarantar sakandare, ta tafi bayan kammala karatunta zuwa Yammacin Tekun. 

 San Francisco da sauyin yanayi 
Bayan ya kammala a San Francisco, Brevard ya sami aiki a matsayin mai kwaikwayon mace a Finocchio's Club da ke San Francisco a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Lee Shaw a farkon shekarun 1960,  yana yin abubuwan ban mamaki na Marilyn Monroe,   daga ƙarshe ya sami isasshen shahara har Marilyn da kanta ta zo wasan kwaikwayo. 

Brevard ta fara canjin rayuwa tana da shekaru 21 a ƙarƙashin kulawar sanannen ƙwararren masanin jinsi Harry Benjamin a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Bisa shawarar Benjamin, Brevard ya yi tiyatar sake sanya wurin aiki a Asibitin Westlake da ke Los Angeles ƙarƙashin kulawar likitan fiɗa Elmer Belt . 

Daga baya Brevard ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa a Reno da kuma a matsayin zomo na Playboy. 

 Ilimi 
Bayan shekara guda da ta warke bayan tiyata,  ta yi rajista a matsayin ɗaliba a Jami'ar Jihar Middle Tennessee don karatun digirinta na farko   . A wannan lokacin, ta ƙara jin daɗin zama mace, ta yi aure, kuma ta ɗauki darasi.  Wannan ya faru ne a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, tana yawon shakatawa a Amurka tana yin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma tana aiki a fina-finai ko talabijin. Ta sami mamba a ƙungiyoyin kwadago na Hollywood,   kuma daga ƙarshe ta sami digirin digiri na biyu a wasan kwaikwayo daga Jihar Tennessee ta Tsakiya. 

Ta hanyar Benjamin, Brevard ya zama abokai a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da 1960 tare da wasu marasa lafiya na transgender, ciki har da Charlotte Frances McLeod da Kathy Taylor, kuma sun zama hanyar sadarwa ta tallafi ga juna. Sun ci abincin rana tare da Benjamin, wanda suka ɗauka a matsayin mai ba da shawara na uba kuma aboki.

 Ra'ayi game da jinsi 
Brevard's yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon canjin likita, kuma ya faru kafin a ƙirƙiri kalmar transgender da kuma kafin a sami al'umma mai transgender a San Francisco.  

Brevard ba ta bayyana a matsayin transgender ba tun farkon rayuwarta kuma sau da yawa tana karkatar da tambayoyi.  Mazanta ba su san cewa ta canza ba.  Duk da haka ta yanke shawarar canzawa saboda ta fahimci cewa tana musanta tarihin kanta.  Da zarar an buga tarihin rayuwarta a shekara ta 2001, ta fara zama "marubuciya transgender" kuma "yar wasan kwaikwayo transgender". Kamar yadda ta fada a cikin littafinta na biyu, "An sanya min suna - an tilasta min shiga cikin tsarin transgender." 

"A fannin sana'a, duka a matsayina na 'yar fim/matasan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma daga baya, a matsayina na farfesa a fannin wasan kwaikwayo na jami'a, rayuwata ta kasance a wajen al'ummar jinsi. Sai bayan na buga littattafai guda biyu na tarihi, lokacin ina da shekaru 60 da 70, na fara jin kalmar 'mai canza jinsi' kuma na fahimci ajandar da al'umma ta bayyana," in ji ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekarar 2013.  Ta kuma ce a watan Afrilun 2017 "Ban sake sanya jinsi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin jinsi ba. Ina kallon hakan a matsayin wani lokaci mai wahala da na shiga - kamar lokacin ƙuruciya mai raɗaɗi. Ban ma yi tunanin kaina yanzu a matsayin wanda ya canza jinsi. Wannan wani abu ne da na fuskanta kuma (wani abu) na kasance. 

"A gare ni, da kuma ga 'yan'uwana mata na farko, manufar ba ta taɓa zama da 't' ba kafin sunayenmu. Manufarmu ita ce mu haɗu sosai har ba za a iya gane abubuwan da suka haɗu ba. Zabi ne, ba don mun ji kunya game da tarihin jinsinmu na transsexual ba, amma saboda burinmu koyaushe shine mu rayu cikakke kamar matan da aka haife mu." 

A cikin littafin Bodies in the Making: Transgressions and Transformations (2006) na Nancy N. Chen, an yi wa Brevard hira da Mary Weaver, inda ta tattauna batutuwa kamar jinsi, sake rarraba jinsi, muhimmancin tarihin mutum, da kuma sauye-sauyen mutum. 

 Sarauniya Masu Kururuwa: Tashin Hankali a Compton's Cafeteria 
A shekarar 2005, an nuna Brevard a cikin shirin Susan Stryker mai suna Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria. Shirin ya yi nazari kan wani rikici da ya barke a Compton's Cafeteria, wani shahararren gidan cin abinci a gundumar Tenderloin da ke San Francisco a shekarar 1966. Rikicin ya faru ne kafin rikicin Stonewall da shekaru uku, wanda ya haifar da muhimman ci gaba a fafutukar kare hakkin mata masu canza jinsi. 

Matsayin Brevard, a cikin shirin Tenderloin da kuma a cikin shirin gaskiya, ya haskaka mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka "wuce" fiye da sauran mata masu canza jinsi, da kuma bambancin kulawar da Brevard ta samu fiye da sauran takwarorinta da aka yi hira da su. Yayin da Brevard ta gabatar da ƙarin mata, ko da kafin sauyinta, ba ta ga wahalar yin rayuwa da kanta ba idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinta domin an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shirin Tenderloin.

 Rayuwa daga baya 
Bayan aikinta a talabijin da fina-finai, ta koma Tennessee ta sami digirinta na biyu a fannin zane-zane na Theater Arts daga Jami'ar Jihar Middle Tennessee.  Ta haɗu da mijinta na farko a Tennessee kuma ta yi wasu aure, wanda, a cewar 'yar uwarta, bai yi nasara ba.  Ta koma California a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta zauna a wajen Santa Cruz, California tare da wani tsohon abokinta, ta sami aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta, sannan ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma.

Aleshia Brevard ta mutu a gida a Scotts Valley, California a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2017, tana da shekaru 79. 

 Ayyuka 

 Fim da talabijin 
+Matsayin fina-finai da talabijin Shekara Lakabi Nau'i Matsayin Bayanan kula 1969 Nunin Red Skelton Talabijin Fitowar farko ta talabijin; fitowa da yawa.  1969 Allahn da Ke Ƙauna? Fim Sherry (ɗaya daga cikin "Pussycats na Peacock")  1969 Ƙungiyar Mata Fim Sadie  1970 Babban Tafiya Fim  Rayuwa Daya Da Za A Rayu Talabijin Tex  Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ABC na wasan opera. 1970 Iyalan Partridge Talabijin Mai hidimar hadaddiyar giya  Nunin Dean Martin Talabijin  1972 Hotunan Dare Talabijin Mai karɓar robot Sashen "Ba Za Ka Iya Samun Taimako Irin Wannan Ba Kuma" 1979 Tatsuniyoyin Jarumai Masu Kyau Talabijin Giganta 1980 Mutumin da ke da Fuskar Bogart Fim Uwa mai gidan Labarin barkwanci mai ban dariya.  Smokey da Alkali Fim Wally Lewis  1981 Ƙasa Mai Wuya Fim Uwargidan Snoopy 1981 Pop na Amurka Fim Muryar "Showgirl #2" ta Brevard Fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa mai motsi na manya. 2005 Sarauniya Masu Kururuwa: Tashin Hankali a Compton's Cafeteria Fim A matsayin kai Fim ɗin shirin gaskiya, wanda ke nuna Brevard a matsayin mai nishadantarwa game da yadda ja ya buɗe ƙofofin dama. 

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 
+ Shekara Sunan wasan kwaikwayo Matsayin Wuri Bayanan kula Canja wurin Ms. Markham Joanna Markham  Uwar Gingerbread Evy MearaKaikayi na Shekaru Bakwai Yarinyar da ke sama  Akwatin Inuwa Beverly  Karfe Magnolia Truvy Jones, mai shagon gyaran gashi Banda babban titin New York   Daren Iguana Maxine Faulk  Marar tausayi! Waƙar Emily Green Chicago Nunin shekara ɗaya.  Mafarkin Daren Tsakiyar Lokacin bazara Hyppolyta Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Globe  Yana iya Canji Madeline Bassett

 Duba kuma 


 Jerin mutanen da suka canza jinsi
 Jerin batutuwa masu alaƙa da masu canza jinsi

 Majiyoyi 











 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba