The Frogs Who Desired a King

The Frogs Who Desired a King  yana ɗaya daga cikin Tatsuniyoyin Aesop kuma yana lamba 44 a cikin Perry Index .  A tsawon tarihinsa, an ba da labarin a matsayin aikace-aikacen siyasa.

 Tatsuniya 
A cewar majiya ta farko, Phaedrus, labarin ya shafi wani gungun kwaɗi waɗanda suka yi kira ga babban allahn Zeus ya aiko musu da sarki. Ya jefar da wani itace, wanda ya faɗi a cikin tafkinsu da babbar fashewa kuma ya tsorata su. Daga ƙarshe ɗaya daga cikin kwaɗin ya leƙa sama da ruwan, kuma ganin cewa ba ya motsi, nan da nan duk suka hau kan ruwan suka yi wa sarkinsu ba'a.  The author Christoff Mürer has a similar sentiment in his emblem book XL emblemata miscella nova (1620). Under the title Freheit there is a verse that warns that those who do not appreciate freedom are sent a tyrant by divine will.Emblem 11

Sai kwaɗin suka sake yin buƙata ta biyu don neman sarki na gaske, aka kuma aiko musu da macijin ruwa wanda ya fara cinye su. Kwaɗin suka sake roƙon Zeus, amma a wannan karon ya amsa cewa dole ne su fuskanci sakamakon buƙatarsu.

A cikin bambance-bambancen labarin daga baya, sau da yawa ana maye gurbin macijin ruwa da zamiya ko heron .

 Sharhi, nazari da kuma kwatantawa 
Asalin mahallin labarin, kamar yadda Phaedrus ya ruwaito, ya bayyana a fili cewa mutane suna jin buƙatar dokoki amma ba sa haƙuri da kame kansu. Shawararsa ta ƙarshe ita ce a gamsu da tsoron abin da zai iya faruwa.  A zamanin William Caxton, wanda ya buga sigar farko a Turanci, darasin da aka koya shi ne cewa '  '. A cikin sigarsa, jarumi ne maimakon maciji da aka aika a matsayin sarki.  Wani mai sharhi daga baya, ɗan Ingila mai suna Roger L'Estrange, ya taƙaita yanayin kamar haka: "Taron yana cikin damuwa ba tare da mai mulki ba. Suna cikin rashin natsuwa da ɗaya; kuma sau da yawa suna canzawa, mafi muni: don haka Gwamnati ko babu Gwamnati, Sarkin da Allah ya yi ko na Al'umma, ko babu ɗaya, Al'umma ba za su taɓa gamsuwa ba." 

Wani ra'ayi kuma da masanin tauhidi na Jamus Martin Luther ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa mai suna "On Governmental Authority" (1523). A can ya yi magana game da ƙarancin masu mulki nagari, yana ɗaukar wannan rashin a matsayin hukunci ga muguntar ɗan adam. Sannan ya yi nuni ga wannan tatsuniya don nuna yadda ɗan adam ya cancanci masu mulki da ake samu: 'kwaɗi dole ne su sami shamuwa.'  Marubucin Christoff Mürer yana da irin wannan ra'ayi a cikin littafinsa na alama XL emblemata miscella nova (1620). A ƙarƙashin taken Freheit akwai wata aya da ke gargaɗin cewa waɗanda ba su yaba da 'yanci ana aika su azzalumi ta hanyar nufin Allah. 

Labarin yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi 39 na Aesop da Louis XIV na Faransa ya zaɓa don labyrinth na Versailles, wani shinge na mutum-mutumin ruwa da aka ƙirƙira masa a shekara ta 1669 a cikin Lambunan Versailles, bisa shawarar Charles Perrault . Wataƙila ya san fassarar ta don gamsuwa da yanayin da ake ciki .  Tatsuniyar Jean de la Fontaine ta  (III.4) ya bi sigar Phaedrus sosai kuma ya maimaita ƙarshen a can.  Duk da haka, yayin da yake tsara yanayin, ya ɗauki kwaɗin a matsayin 'masu gajiya da mulkin dimokuraɗiyya', yana ɗaukar matsayi iri ɗaya da Roger L'Estrange ya yi a 1692 a 1668. La Fontaine yana rubutu jim kaɗan bayan dawo da mulkin mallaka a Ingila bayan lokacin gwamnatin jamhuriya; L'Estrange ya yi tsokaci nasa shekaru uku bayan juyin juya hali ya hambarar da gwamnatin da aka maido kuma ya kafa wani.
Da zarar Faransawa sun sami nasu gogewar canjin mulki, masu zane-zane sun fara bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ta wannan tatsuniya. Wani zane mai ban dariya da aka yi tun daga shekarar 1791 mai taken Le roi soliveau, ou les grenouilles qui demandent un roi (King Log, ko kwaɗi suna buƙatar sarki)  ya nuna waɗanda ke da alhakin kisan kiyashin Champ de Mars .  A ƙarni na gaba, mai zane-zane Grandville ya juya don kwatanta tatsuniyoyin La Fontaine bayan dokar hana fita ta sa rayuwa ta yi masa wahala. A can akwai wani shaho da aka sani na sarauta wanda ke yawo a cikin ruwa sanye da kambin laurel, magoya bayan sycophantic suka yi masa ihu a gefe ɗaya kuma suka haifar da barna a ɗayan gefen.  Ernest Griset, ɗan 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa na Faransa daga wani canjin mulki, ya bi irin wannan misalin. Hotonsa mai ban tsoro na shaho mai ban tsoro da ke zaune a kan banki yana haɗiye abin farautarsa ya bayyana a cikin bugu na 1869 na tatsuniyoyin Aesop.  Sharhinsa ne game da Daular Faransa ta Biyu wanda ya kori iyayensa daga ƙasarsu.

An rage duhun masu zane-zane na ƙarni na 19 ta hanyar taɓawa mai sauƙi a ƙarni na gaba. A cikin bugun Aesop na 1912 na Fables, Arthur Rackham ya zaɓi ya yi tunanin kwaɗin da ba su da damuwa da ke wasa a kan King Log ɗinsu, wani batu da ya fi rikitarwa a tsakanin masu zane-zane.  Amma mai zane-zanen Faransa Benjamin Rabier, bayan ya riga ya zana tarin tatsuniyoyi na La Fontaine, ya karkatar da dukkan batun a cikin wani hoto na baya, Le Toboggan ('The sleigh-run', 1925). A cikin wannan, shamuwa ma ta zama abin wasa na kwaɗin da son rai yayin da suke tsalle a bayansa cikin farin ciki suna amfani da lissafinsa azaman zamewar ruwa. 

 Alamomin adabi 
Yawancin ma'anonin adabi game da tatsuniyar sun bambanta rashin yarda da King Log da manufofin kuzari na Sarki Stork, amma an matsa shi zuwa ga yin sharhin siyasa a cikin taken "Sarki Stork da King Log: a farkon sabuwar mulki", wani bincike kan Rasha da aka rubuta a 1895 ta hannun mai kisan gillar siyasa Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky, ta amfani da sunan alkalami S. Stepniak. Littafin ya bambanta manufar Tsar Alexander III da manufar da ake tsammanin za ta iya cimmawa a ƙarƙashin Nicholas II, wanda ya gaje gadon sarauta kawai. 

Baya ga wani bayani da aka yi daga baya a cikin taken littafin Alyse Gregory na mata mai suna King Log da Lady Lea (1929), an sake fassara tatsuniyar a cikin ɗaya daga cikin gajerun labarai guda huɗu na Margaret Atwood a cikin fitowar mujallar Daedalus ta 2005. Mai taken "King Log in Exile", yana nuna sarkin da aka tuɓe yana tunani game da mulkinsa mara inganci, yana nuna a hankali cewa rashin ƙarfin halinsa bai ɓoye rashin lahani ba amma son kai mai lalata.

Nassoshi guda biyu na waƙar zamani ba su da tabbas. Thom Gunn ya yi nuni ga tatsuniya a cikin farkon waƙarsa "Tawayen Kotu". Yanayin da aka bayyana makirci ne wanda da yawa daga cikin fadawa suka yi amfani da shi don gundura: 'An yi maraba da Sarki shamuwa ya maye gurbin katako'.  A gefe guda kuma, mawaƙin New Zealand James K. Baxter, ya nuna fifiko a cikin rubutunsa na Zaɓen 1960 :A democratic people have elected
King Log, King Stork, King Log, King Stork again.

Because I like a wide and silent pond
I voted Log. That party was defeated.WH Auden ya sake ƙirƙirar tatsuniya a cikin wani lokaci a cikin baiti a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Halayen Ɗabi'a" guda uku da ya rubuta wa mawaƙin Jamus Hans Werner Henze don shirya waƙar makaɗa da waƙoƙin yara a 1967. Jigon duka ukun shine zaɓin da bai dace ba da mutanen da ba sa yaba wa sa'arsu idan suna da ita. Waƙar farko ta saitin ta biyo bayan faɗuwar halittu, daga yanayin rashin laifi lokacin da A farkon zamani kwaɗin suka zauna cikin kwanciyar hankali, cikin rashin gamsuwa, wauta da bala'i.  Ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, mawaƙin Jamus Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ya ba jigon fassarar mafi duhu a cikin "The Water Maciji" ( Die Wasserschlange ). Daga farkonsa daga sigar Phaedrus, waƙar ta ba da labarin yadda kwaɗi ya tambayi macijin dalilin da yasa yake cinye irinsa. 'Domin ka gayyace ni zuwa,' ita ce amsar; amma lokacin da kwaɗin ya musanta wannan, macijin ya bayyana cewa saboda haka zai cinye kwaɗin domin bai ci ba. Wani ɓangare na wani ɓangare na bambancin jigogi na Aesopic, wannan ya bayyana a matsayin na ƙarshe a cikin saitin Gary Bachlund na tatsuniyoyi biyar na Lessing ( Fünf Fabelen, 2008). 

A baya, waƙoƙin sun haɗa da kalmomin da Louis-Nicolas Clérambault ya rubuta bisa ga tatsuniyar La Fontaine (1730s)  da kuma salon da Louis Lacombe ya rubuta na kalmomin La Fontaine (Op. 72) don muryoyin maza huɗu a matsayin wani ɓangare na tatsuniyar La Fontaine 15 (1875). Hakanan ya zama na uku a cikin waƙoƙin Trois na La Fontaine na Maurice Thiriet don yara huɗu suna rera waƙa a cappella .

 Fina-finai 
A shekarar 1922, wani mai zane-zane ɗan ƙasar Poland mai suna Ladislas Starevich ya shirya wani fim mai motsi na tsayawa a birnin Paris wanda ya dogara da labarin, mai suna Les Grenouilles qui demadent un roi (wanda aka fi sani da Frogland ).  Ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan zane-zane na farko da suka yi aiki a matsayin sharhin siyasa, ya yi amfani da tatsuniyar a matsayin hanyar sukar yanayin da ke tasowa a gida.

Kashi na ƙarshe na shirin BBC na I, Claudius (1976), bayan ambato da aka saba gani a cikin littafin Robert Graves mai suna Claudius the God, an yi masa taken "Tsohon Sarki Log". A cikinsa, sarkin da ya tsufa yana kiran kansa a matsayin haka, ga ruɗani na masu ba shi shawara.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba

The Protestant Reformation, Hans J. Hillerbrand, (New York: Harper Row, 1968), p. 61

Le Tobogan

Fighting Terms, London, 1954, p. 22.

Howrah Bridge and Other Poems, London, 1961.

First published in the London Magazine VII.11 (February 1968), pp. 34–40; reprinted in City without walls and other poems (London 1969, NY 1970).

There is a performance on YouTube, beginning at 1.50