Martha Nierenberg

Martha Nierenberg (Maris 12, 1924 – Yuni 27, 2020) (wanda aka fi sani da Martha née Weiss de Csepel Nierenberg ), 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Hungary wacce ta kafa Kamfanin Dansk International Designs tare.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Nierenberg a Budapest a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1924, cikin ɗaya daga cikin iyalan da suka fi arziki a Hungary. Ita 'yar Alfonz Weiss de Csepel ce, wanda ya jagoranci Manfréd Weiss Steel and Metal Works da gidauniyarta  da Erzsbet Herzog Weiss de Csepel, likita ce da ta yi karatun tabin hankali a Vienna tare da Anna Freud .

Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu (John, 1936–2017) da kuma 'yar'uwa ɗaya (Mary Radcliffe). A lokacin haihuwarta Bayahudiya, Martha ta halarci makarantar Calvinist, don mayar da hankali kan kimiyya da lissafi, sannan ta shiga kwalejin kimiyya a Budapest. 

Kakanta na wajen uwa, ma'aikacin banki Baron Mór Lipót Herzog (1869–1934), wanda aka sanya shi cikin manyan masu tattara kayan tarihi na Turai. Kakanta na wajen uba, Manfred Weiss de Csepel, ya kafa Manfred Weiss Steel and Metal Works, babbar masana'antar injina a Hungary, inda ya dauki ma'aikata 40,000 aiki sau daya.

Ta kauce wa kamawa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta hanyar tserewa ta Austria zuwa Portugal a 1944. Bayan fiye da shekara guda a can, ta yi ƙaura tare da mahaifiyarta zuwa Amurka a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1946. 

 Sana'a 
Martha, wacce take da ilimin kimiyya wacce take jin harsuna shida, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai daga Kwalejin Radcliffe kuma ta gudanar da bincike a MIT da Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Rockefeller da ke Manhattan.

 Kafa Tsarin Zane-zane na Duniya na Dansk 
A wata tafiya zuwa Turai a shekarar 1954, Nierenbergs sun nemi kayayyakin da za su ƙera a Amurka ga masu amfani da Amurka. A gidan tarihi na fasaha da sana'o'i na Denmark—Kunsthandwaerkmuseet (wanda a yau ake kira Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Zane na Denmark —Kunstindustrimuseet) sun lura da kayan yanka teak da na bakin ƙarfe na Jens Quistgaard . Nierenbergs sun ɗauki Quistgaard don ƙera kayan yanka, wanda ya zama samfurin farko na Dansk Designs, Fjord flatware. A wannan shekarar, Nierenbergs sun kafa Dansk a cikin garejin gidansu na Great Neck, New York, tare da Quistgaard a matsayin wanda ya kafa shi.

 Na Kai 
Ta haɗu da Theodore David Nierenberg (1923–2009), mamallakin wani kamfanin kammala ƙarfe, a bikin nuna fina-finan Guys and Dolls na Broadway a shekarar 1950. Sun yi aure a shekarar 1951, suka ƙaura zuwa Great Neck, a Long Island, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu - Lisa, Karin Weisburgh, Peter da Al. Iyalin sun zauna a Armonk daga 1963 zuwa 2013. A shekarar 1954, ita da Nierenberg suka kafa kamfanin kayan gida na Dansk Designs. 

Ta mutu a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2020, a Rye, New York.

 Da'awar dawo da kayan fasaha 
A shekarar 1995, Nierenberg ta fara fafatawar shekaru da dama kan batun dawo da kayayyakin tarihi na Holocaust da Jamhuriyar Hungary, wanda za a iya ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'in da suka fi daraja da iyali ɗaya ya taɓa yi. Daga cikin zane-zane 44 da Hungary ta ƙi mayarwa akwai ayyuka huɗu na El Greco, da kuma wasu na Zurbarán, Velázquez, Corot, Courbet, da Lucas Cranach the Elder . Amintaccen Nierenberg, jikarta Robin Bunevich, ta kiyasta cewa tarin ya kai dala miliyan 100.  a shekarar 2010, ɗan'uwan Nierenberg, David, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga attajirin mai ba da agaji Ronald S. Lauder, ya shigar da ƙara a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Columbia.  A watan Yunin 2017, Alkali Tatel ya gano cewa Dokar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama ta Ƙasashen Waje ba ta hana waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan gillar Holocaust su kai ƙara don dawo da kayayyakin tarihi da 'yan Nazi suka sace ba, saboda rashin amincewar Babban Alkali A. Raymond Randolph .   A shekarar 2017, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta ƙi sauraron ƙarar. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutattun 2020
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924