Robert Allerton

Robert Henry Allerton (Maris 20, 1873 - Disamba 22, 1964), an haife shi a Chicago, Illinois, Amurka, ɗa ne kuma magajin wanda ya kafa First National Bank of Chicago, Samuel Allerton .  Ya kasance mai taimakon jama'a wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintacce kuma shugaban girmamawa na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu ba shi taimako ta hanyar bayar da dubban ayyukan fasaha.  name="ARPC"> Ya kuma zama amintaccen Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, inda ya bar amintaccen da ke ba da kuɗin Kwalejin har zuwa yau. name="Syrett2013"> 

Robert Allerton ya yi yawo a duniya yana siyan mutum-mutumi da sauran ayyukan fasaha. An sanya da yawa a cikin kadarorinsa "The Farms" a Piatt County, Illinois . A shekarar 1946, Allerton ya ba da kadarorin, wanda aka sake masa suna Robert Allerton Park ga Jami'ar Illinois. Ana samun mutum-mutumi sama da 100 da sauran ayyukan fasaha da yawa a can. Ya taka rawa wajen kafa Lambun Tsirrai na Ƙasa, wanda yanzu ya haɗa da Lambun Allerton, tsohon kadarorinsa a tsibirin Kaua ʻ a jihar Hawaii . 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Robert Henry Allerton a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1873, a matsayin ɗa na biyu kuma ɗa tilo ga Samuel Waters Allerton (1828–1914) da Pamilla Thompson Allerton (1840–1880). Ta hanyar zuriyar uba gaba ɗaya, Robert Henry Allerton ya fito ne daga Isaac Allerton, ɗan Puritan ɗan Ingila wanda ya zo Amurka a watan Mayu a 1620.  Mahaifinsa mutum ne mai son kansa wanda ya sami miliyoyin kuɗi a filaye, dabbobi, banki, da sauran kasuwancin kasuwanci. Mahaifiyar Robert ta mutu a 1880, kwana biyar kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta bakwai. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, mahaifinsa ya auri Agnes Thompson, ƙanwar mahaifiyarsa. Agnes Thompson Allerton (1858–1924) ta zama uwa, aboki, kuma mai ba da shawara kan al'adu ga ɗanta/ɗanta. Ta ƙarfafa sha'awarsa ga adabi, kiɗa, aikin lambu, da kuma fiye da duka, fasahar gani.

Al'ummar Allertons suna zaune ne a titin Prairie da ke Chicago, wanda shine titin zama mafi tsada a wannan birnin a ƙarshen shekarun 1800. Al'ummar Allertons maƙwabta ne ga Marshall Field, Pullmans, Kimballs, da Armours . Robert ya halarci Allen Academy da Harvard School a Chicago, bayan haka shi da abokinsa Frederic Clay Bartlett (1873−1953), aka tura su gabas zuwa Makarantar St. Paul, wata babbar makarantar shirye-shiryen kwaleji a Concord, New Hampshire . Matasan 'yan Chicago sun yanke shawarar kada su je kwaleji, sai dai su yi karatun fasaha a Turai .

Daga 1894 zuwa 1896 sun yi karatu a Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste (Royal Bavarian Academy of Art) da ke Munich, Jamus da kuma Académie Julian da ke Paris. Bayan shekaru da dama na karatu a Turai, Allerton ya kasa gamsuwa da iyawarsa a matsayin mai zane, ya ƙone zane-zanensa ya koma gida Illinois. Frederic Bartlett ya ci gaba da zama ƙwararren mai zane.

A shekarar 1922, Allerton ya haɗu da John Gregg (1899–1986), wani maraya kuma mai neman zama mai gine-gine wanda ya yi aiki da mai ginin al'umma David Adler a Chicago a shekarun 1920. Bayan faduwar kasuwar hannayen jari a shekarar 1929, aikin Adler ya ragu kuma Gregg ya koma zama a gidan Allerton a matsayin mai ginin shimfidar wuri da manajan kasuwanci, wanda ke da albashi mai tsoka. Allerton da Gregg sun zama abokan zama na tsawon rai. Bayan sauya dokar Illinois a shekarar 1959, Allerton ya ɗauki Gregg a matsayin ɗansa bisa doka duk da cewa Gregg bai ɗauki sunan Allerton ba sai bayan mutuwar Robert a shekarar 1964.   Bayan mutuwar Robert Allerton a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1964, bisa ga burinsa, John ya watsa tokarsa a Lawai Bay, Kauai, Hawaii. Lokacin da John ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1986, tokarsa ta bazu a kan teku. Ana kyautata zaton cewa Allerton da Gregg sun shiga cikin dangantaka tsakanin jinsi ɗaya, a lokacin da Amurka ke nuna wariya ga 'yan luwaɗi a zamantakewa da shari'a. Idan haka ne, an rufe su.   Syrett, Nicholas L. (2013). ""Lord of a Hawaiian Island": Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i". Pacific Historical Review. 82 (3): 396–427. doi:10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396. ISSN 0030-8684. JSTOR 10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396.  Ɗaukar yara maza da mata a matsayin hanyar kafa dangantaka ta doka da ma'aurata ke amfani da ita a lokacin da aka halatta auren jinsi ɗaya da kuma auren jinsi ɗaya .

 "Gonaki" 
Gidansa ya fara ne a shekarar 1897 lokacin da Allerton ya yanke shawarar zama manomi. Zuwa shekarar 1914, "gonarsa" ta girma zuwa sama da  kuma an san shi da "Gonakin". "About Robert Allerton". Allerton Retreat and Park Center. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Yanzu ana kiransa Robert Allerton Park, mallakar Jami'ar Illinois ne kusa da Monticello, Illinois . Mujallar tsire-tsire ta Allertonia da wuraren shakatawa guda biyu an sanya musu suna bayan Robert Allerton. Babban ginin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban girmamawa kuma amintacce, an sake masa suna zuwa Ginin Allerton don girmama shi a shekarar 1968.

 Hawai ʻ 
Tsohon gidan sarauta na Hawaiian Royal, wanda ke tsibirin Kaua ʻ i a Hawai ʻ i, yanzu ana kiransa Lambun Allerton . Bayan mutuwar John Gregg Allerton, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lambun Tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi na ƙasa, tare da yawon shakatawa na jama'a.

 Duba kuma 

 Robert Allerton Park ("The Farms," Illinois)
 Lambun Allerton (Kaua'i, Hawaii)

 Manazarta