Louisine Havemeyer

Louisine Waldron Elder Havemeyer (28 ga Yuli, 1855 - 6 ga Janairu, 1929) ta kasance mai tattara zane-zane, mai kare hakkin mata, kuma mai taimakon jama'a . Baya ga kasancewa mai kula da zane-zanen imprisonist, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar zaɓe a Amurka. Mai zane-zanen imprisonist Edgar Degas da mai kare hakkin mata Alice Paul suna cikin shahararrun waɗanda suka sami goyon bayan wannan mai taimakon jama'a .

 Bayani 
An haifi Louisine Waldron Elder a birnin New York a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1855, ga wani ɗan kasuwa George W. Elder (1831–1873) da matarsa, Matilda Adelaide Waldron (1834–1907). Ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya huɗu: Anne Eliza Elder, daga baya Mrs. Henry Norcross Munn (1853–1917), Adaline Deliverance Mapes Elder, daga baya Mrs. Samuel Twyford Peters (1859–1943), da ɗan'uwa George Waldron Elder (1860–1916).

 Rayuwa a Paris 
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Louisine Elder da iyalinta suka yi tafiya zuwa Turai na tsawon shekaru uku. Sun tashi a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1873, a cikin jirgin ruwa na SS Calabria, tare da danginsu na nesa, goggo Amanda McCready da danginta, da kuma 'yar uwar Mary Mapes Dodge, editan mujallar St. Nicholas kuma marubucin Hans Brinker; ko kuma Silver Skates .  'Yar uwar Mary Mapes Dodge Sophie Mapes Tolles tana zaune a Paris tare da kawarta Emily Sartain, tana karatun fasaha a cikin gidan cin abinci na Evariste Luminais da kuma shiga cikin shirin Mme. Del Sarte, bazawara ga François Del Sarte, malamin da ya shahara a fannin fasahar bayyana abubuwa. Louisine da 'yar uwarta Addie sun haɗu da Sophie Mapes Tolles da Emily Sartain a cikin jirgin a cikin shirin Mme. Del Sarte, kuma a wannan lokacin ne Sartain ta gabatar da Louisine ga Mary Cassatt .  'Yan uwan Philadelphia, Cassatt da Sartain sun yi karatu tare a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania a farkon shekarun 1860 kuma sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Turai tare a kaka ta 1871.  A wannan lokacin, Mary Cassatt ta ɗauki Louisine Elder a ƙarƙashin fikafikanta, ta zama mai ba da shawara kuma ta ƙarfafa ta ta yi siyayyar fasaha ta farko, ta Edgar Degas.  Yayin da lokaci ya shuɗe, musamman bayan Louisine ta auri Henry O. Havemeyer, Cassatt ta zama mai ba da shawara ga Havemeyers, tana taimakawa wajen gina tarin fasaharsu da kuma sauƙaƙe dangantakar aiki da za su yi da Impressionist Artists, ciki har da Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Camille Pissarro da Claude Monet . Abota ta tsawon rai ta haɗu tsakanin Louisine Havemeyer da Mary Cassatt, waɗanda daga baya suka yi pastels da yawa na Louisine da 'ya'yanta.

 Tarin zane-zane 
Tare da mijinta, Louisine za ta gina mafi kyawun tarin zane-zane a Amurka. Gidanta mai hawa uku a Fifth Avenue da East 66th Street a New York ya cika da mafi kyawun misalai na ayyukan Manet, El Greco, Rembrandt, da Corot . Louis Comfort Tiffany da Samuel Colman sun yi wa gidan ado a tsakanin 1889-1890, waɗanda suka sanya shi wuri mai kyau don tarin kayan tarihi daban-daban masu mahimmanci na mai gidansu.  Henry Clay Frick, JP Morgan, da Mrs. Isabella Stewart Gardner suna cikin masu tattara kayan tarihi waɗanda Mr. da Mrs. Havemeyer za su sani kuma su yi gasa da su.

 Rayuwar iyali 
A ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1883, shekaru goma bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Louisine ta auri Henry O. Havemeyer na Kamfanin Refining Sugar na Amurka .

Louisine da Henry Osborne suna da 'ya'ya uku:

 Adaline Havemeyer, wacce aka fi sani da Mrs. Peter HB Frelinghuysen — (1884–1963)
 Horace Havemeyer — (1886–1956)
 Electra Havemeyer, wanda aka fi sani da Mrs. James Watson Webb — (1888–1960)

* (Kafin aurensa da Louisine, Henry ya auri goggon Louisine Mary Louise Elder (1847–1897 ), amma wannan auren ya ƙare da saki.)

 Gado 
Baya ga matsayinta na farko kuma mai mahimmanci wajen tattara zane-zanen Impressionist, Louisine Havemeyer ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata.

 Mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a 
Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1907, Mrs. Havemeyer ta mayar da hankalinta kan fafutukar mata ta zaɓe . A shekarar 1912 ta ba da rancen tarin kayanta na fasaha ga Knoedler 's Gallery da ke New York don tara kuɗi don wannan manufa.  A shekarar 1913, ta kafa Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa tare da mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Alice Paul . (A da an san ƙungiyar da "Congressal Union for Women Suffrage".) Ta maimaita baje kolin fasahar tara kuɗi a Knoedler's a shekarar 1915. 

Tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Mrs. Havemeyer da wasu irinta, Ms. Paul ta ƙaddamar da jerin zanga-zangar da ke ƙara tayar da hankali waɗanda ke tayar da hankalin 'yancin zaɓe. Kokarin da Paul ya fi shahara shi ne na 1913 National Suffrage Parade, wanda ya haifar da tarzoma a jajibirin rantsar da Shugaba Woodrow Wilson na farko, kuma a matsayinta na memba na Silent Sentinels, zanga-zangar yaƙi a Fadar White House. A lokacin na ƙarshe, Paul ya yi amfani da wasu sassan jawabin Shugaban ƙasa da ke shelar kare dimokuraɗiyya a Turai wanda ta kwatanta da hana 'yanci ga matan Amurka. Lokacin da aka daure ta saboda toshe zirga-zirga a shekarar 1917, yunwa ta kama ta, wanda ya kawo matsin lamba mai yawa ga Majalisa da Gwamnatin Wilson. An yi muhawara kan Kwaskwarima ta Sha Tara, wadda ta faɗaɗa haƙƙin zaɓe ga mata, Majalisa ta yi muhawara a kai, ta sami ƙuri'u 2/3 da ake buƙata a shekarar 1919, an aika ta zuwa jihohi don amincewa, kuma ta sami 3/4 na jihohi da suka amince da ita a shekarar 1920.

Louisine Havemeyer ta zama fitacciyar mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a, inda ta buga labarai biyu game da aikinta na wannan manufa a cikin Mujallar Scribner . Na farko, mai taken "The Prison Special: Memories of a Military", ya bayyana a watan Mayu 1922, ɗayan kuma, "The Suffrage Torch: Memories of a Military" ya bayyana a watan Yuni a wannan shekarar. A cikin 1912 da 1915, Mrs. Havemeyer ta shirya nune-nunen ayyukan fasaha daga tarin kayanta a Knoedler Gallery don tara kuɗi don tallafawa ƙoƙarin zaɓe. Ta halarci zanga-zangar, abin da ya ɓata wa 'ya'yanta rai. , a kan sanannen titin Fifth Avenue na New York kuma ya yi wa masu sauraro jawabi a ɗakin tsaye kawai a Carnegie Hall bayan kammala rangadin jawabi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wani sanannen hoton Mrs. Havemeyer ya nuna ta da tocilar lantarki, irin ta Statue of Liberty, tare da sauran fitattun masu ra'ayin 'yancin zaɓe. Yunkurinta na ƙona wani mutum-mutumin Shugaba Wilson a wajen Fadar White House a shekarar 1919 ya jawo hankalin ƙasa.

Bayan tsawon lokaci na rashin lafiya, Mrs. Havemeyer ta mutu a shekarar 1929. An binne Mrs. Havemeyer a Makabartar Green-Wood da ke Brooklyn, New York . Wa'adin wasiyyarta ya bar wasu zane-zane da aka zaɓa ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan da ke birnin New York. Wa'adin ƙarshe, wanda ya samu ta hanyar karimcin 'ya'yanta, ya haɗa da ayyukan da suka wadatar da kusan kowane ɓangare na tarin kayan tarihin.

Ana nuna kayan ado da yawa na Tiffany daga gidanta na Fifth Avenue, gami da wani kyakkyawan kayan ado na peacock mantelpie, da kuma chandelier na dindindin a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Michigan .  Wani ɓangare na ɗakin kayan daki na ɗakin kiɗa yana nan a Gidan Tarihi na Shelburne . 

 Gadon iyali 
'Ya'yan Louisine za su ci gaba da ginawa a kan gadon iyalansu a matsayin masu tattara zane-zane. 'Yar Louisine Electra Havemeyer Webb ta tattara zane-zane da sassaka na Amurka da suka taimaka wajen kafa Gidan Tarihi na Shelburne . Gidan Tarihi yana nuna "tarin tarin abubuwa" a cikin kyawawan misalai na gidajen Amurka na farko da gine-ginen jama'a; shago na gabaɗaya, gidan taro, ɗakin katako, har ma da jirgin ruwa mai tururi a filin. Jikan jikan ta, John Wilmerding, sanannen farfesa ne na fasaha, mai tattarawa, da mai kula da shi, kuma an fi saninta a matsayin marubuciya mai hazaka a fannin littattafai kan fasahar Amurka.  'Yarta Adaline da ɗanta Horace Havemeyer, da jikoki Horace Havemeyer, Jr. da Harry W. Havemeyer sun ba da ayyuka da yawa daga Vermeer, Goya, Corot, Manet, da sauransu ga Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa . 

 Zane-zanen da aka ba wa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan 
imagetitlepainterdateaccession numberThe Met urlcenter|174x174pxPortrait of Herman DoomerRembrandt164029.100.1METcenter|150x150pxPortrait of an Old WomanJacob Adriaensz Backer1640s29.100.2METcenter|161x161pxPortrait of a Man, probably a Member of the Van Beresteyn FamilyRembrandt163229.100.3METcenter|161x161pxPortrait of a Woman, probably a Member of the Van Beresteyn FamilyRembrandt163229.100.4METcenter|200x200pxCardinal Fernando Niño de GuevaraEl Greco160029.100.5METcenter|145x145pxView of ToledoEl Greco159629.100.6METcenter|154x154pxThe VisitPieter de Hooch165729.100.7METcenter|177x177pxPortrait of Petrus ScriveriusFrans Hals162629.100.8METcenter|171x171pxPortrait of Anna van der AarFrans Hals162629.100.9METcenter|197x197pxMajas on a BalconyFrancisco de Goya180829.100.10METcenter|167x167pxMaría Luisa of Parma (1751–1819), Queen of SpainCopy after Goya1900s29.100.11METcenter|128x128pxA City on a RockStyle of Goya1900s29.100.12METcenter|152x152pxSaint CeciliaAbraham van Diepenbeeck1700s29.100.14METcenter|152x152pxPortrait of a ManHugo van der Goes29.100.15METcenter|162x162pxPortrait of a Young Man with a BookBronzino154029.100.16METcenter|182x182pxMadonna and Child with Two AngelsBotticelli1500s29.100.17METcenter|128x128pxThe Burning of SodomJean-Baptiste Camille Corot1850s29.100.18METcenter|128x128pxBacchante by the SeaJean-Baptiste Camille Corot1860186529.100.19METcenter|128x128pxOrpheus and Eurydicepainting in the manner of Nicolas Poussin29.100.20METcenter|128x128pxMercury and BattusFrancisque Millet29.100.21METcenter|145x145pxPortrait of a ManCorneille de Lyon154029.100.22METcenter|163x163pxJoseph-Antoine MoltedoJean Auguste Dominique Ingres181029.100.23METcenter|173x173pxPortrait of a Man with a RosaryLucas Cranach the Elder29.100.24METcenter|128x128pxDancers Practicing at the BarreEdgar Degas187729.100.34METcenter|157x157pxWoman Having Her Hair CombedEdgar Degas29.100.35METWoman Drying Her FootEdgar Degas29.100.36METWoman with a TowelEdgar Degas29.100.37METAt the Milliner'sEdgar Degas188229.100.38METcenter|128x128pxThe Rehearsal OnstageEdgar Degas187429.100.39METThe Artist's Cousin, Probably Mrs. William Bell (Mathilde Musson, 1841–1878)Edgar Degas187329.100.40METWoman Bathing in a Shallow TubEdgar Degas188529.100.41METcenter|139x139pxDancers, Pink and GreenEdgar Degas29.100.42METcenter|128x128pxSulkingEdgar Degas29.100.43METcenter|168x168pxThe Collector of PrintsEdgar Degas186629.100.44METcenter|128x128pxMadame Théodore Gobillard (Yves Morisot, 1838–1893)Edgar Degas186929.100.45METcenter|176x176pxA Woman IroningEdgar Degas187329.100.46METcenter|157x157pxMother and Child (The Oval Mirror)Mary Cassatt29.100.47METcenter|160x160pxYoung Mother SewingMary Cassatt190029.100.48METcenter|154x154pxThe Dead Christ with AngelsÉdouard Manet186429.100.51METcenter|192x192pxA MatadorÉdouard Manet1866186729.100.52METcenter|165x165pxMademoiselle V. . . in the Costume of an EspadaÉdouard Manet186229.100.53METcenter|192x192pxYoung man in Mayo costumeÉdouard Manet186329.100.54METcenter|203x203pxGeorge Moore (1852–1933)Édouard Manet29.100.55METcenter|157x157pxMademoiselle Isabelle Lemonnier (1857–1926)Édouard Manet29.100.56METcenter|128x128pxWoman with a ParrotGustave Courbet186629.100.57METcenter|208x208pxThe SourceGustave Courbet186229.100.58METcenter|165x165pxWoman in a Riding Habit (L'Amazone)Gustave Courbet185629.100.59METcenter|158x158pxNude with Flowering BranchGustave Courbet186329.100.60METcenter|162x162pxAfter the HuntGustave Courbet29.100.61METcenter|155x155pxThe Woman in the WavesGustave Courbet186829.100.62METcenter|128x128pxJo, La Belle IrlandaiseGustave Courbet29.100.63METcenter|128x128pxMont Sainte-Victoire and the Viaduct of the Arc River ValleyPaul Cézanne188229.100.64METcenter|185x185pxGustave Boyer (b. 1840) in a Straw HatPaul Cézanne29.100.65METcenter|128x128pxStill Life with Jar, Cup, and ApplesPaul Cézanne1877s29.100.66METcenter|128x128pxThe Gulf of Marseilles Seen from L'EstaquePaul Cézanne188529.100.67METcenter|158x158pxPortrait of a Man with a Breastplate and Plumed HatRembrandt1640s29.100.102METcenter|158x158pxPortrait of a WomanRembrandtFerdinand BolJan Victors1640s29.100.103METcenter|155x155pxPortrait of a WomanFrancesco Montemezzano29.100.104METcenter|215x215pxBoy with a GreyhoundPaolo Veronese29.100.105METcenter|155x155pxChrysanthemumsClaude Monet188229.100.106METcenter|158x158pxBouquet of SunflowersClaude Monet188129.100.107METcenter|128x128pxIce FloesClaude Monet189329.100.108METcenter|128x128pxHaystacks (Effect of Snow and Sun)Claude Monet189129.100.109METcenter|128x128pxThe Four TreesClaude Monet189129.100.110METcenter|128x128pxThe Green WaveClaude Monet29.100.111METcenter|128x128pxLa GrenouillèreClaude Monet186929.100.112METcenter|160x160pxBridge over a Pond of Water LiliesClaude Monet189929.100.113METcenter|128x128pxCopy after Delacroix's "Bark of Dante"Édouard Manet29.100.114METcenter|128x128pxBoatingÉdouard Manet187429.100.115METcenter|128x128pxThe Allegory of the SorbonnePierre Puvis de Chavannes188929.100.117METcenter|161x161pxMadame de BrayerGustave Courbet185829.100.118METcenter|151x151pxPortrait of a Woman, Called Héloïse AbélardStyle of Gustave Courbet1900s29.100.119METcenter|156x156pxCharles SuisseGustave Courbet186129.100.120METcenter|128x128pxSpring FlowersCopy after Gustave Courbet185529.100.121METcenter|128x128pxThe Source of the LoueGustave Courbet186429.100.122METcenter|128x128pxApplespainting in the style of Gustave Courbet1900s29.100.123METcenter|171x171pxThe Young BatherGustave Courbet186629.100.124METcenter|154x154pxBy the SeashorePierre-Auguste Renoir188329.100.125METcenter|128x128pxBather in the WoodsCamille Pissarro189529.100.126METcenter|128x128pxDancers in the Rehearsal Room with a Double BassEdgar Degas29.100.127METcenter|128x128pxA Woman Seated beside a Vase of FlowersEdgar Degas186529.100.128METcenter|128x128pxThe Third-Class CarriageHonoré Daumier186229.100.129METcenter|209x209pxMadame Auguste Cuoq (Mathilde Desportes, 1827–1910)Gustave Courbet29.100.130METcenter|128x128pxChrist Asleep during the TempestEugène Delacroix29.100.131METcenter|190x190pxAlphonse Promayet (1822–1872)Gustave Courbet185129.100.132METcenter|158x158pxPortrait of a ManGaspare Traversi1800s29.100.179METcenter|185x185pxNarcisa Barañana de GoicoecheaFrancisco de Goya y Lucientes181529.100.180METcenter|159x159pxJoseph-Henri Altès (1826–1895)Edgar Degas186829.100.181METcenter|128x128pxMarie Dihau (1843–1935)Edgar Degas29.100.182METcenter|155x155pxPortrait of a Young WomanEdgar Degas29.100.183METcenter|128x128pxThe Dancing ClassEdgar Degas1870s29.100.184METWoman on a SofaEdgar Degas187529.100.185METTwo DancersEdgar Degas187329.100.187METDancer with a FanEdgar Degas29.100.188METTwo DancersEdgar Degas29.100.189METBather Stepping into a TubEdgar Degas29.100.190METcenter|168x168pxThe Muse: HistoryJean-Baptiste Camille Corot186529.100.193METcenter|128x128pxRocks in the ForestPaul Cézanne29.100.194METcenter|128x128pxThe ExpertsAlexandre-Gabriel Decamps183729.100.196METcenter|157x157pxAnne de Pisseleu (1508–1576), Duchesse d'ÉtampesCorneille de Lyon29.100.197METcenter|152x152pxMan with a TankardStyle of Adriaen van Ostade1700s29.100.198METcenter|158x158pxThe ConnoisseurHonoré Daumier1862s29.100.200METcenter|158x158pxPortrait of a ManGustave Courbet29.100.201METcenter|155x155pxThe Ballet from "Robert le Diable"Edgar Degas187129.100.552METWoman Drying Her ArmEdgar Degas29.100.553METFan Mount: The BalletEdgar Degas187929.100.554METFan Mount: Ballet GirlsEdgar Degas187929.100.555METRussian DancerEdgar Degas189929.100.556METDancer with a FanEdgar Degas29.100.557METThree Dancers Preparing for ClassEdgar Degas29.100.558METcenter|202x202pxMademoiselle Lucie Delabigne (1859–1910), Called Valtesse de la BigneÉdouard Manet187929.100.561METcenter|182x182pxGirl Weaving a GarlandJean-Baptiste Camille Corot29.100.562METcenter|173x173pxReverieJean-Baptiste Camille Corot29.100.563METcenter|173x173pxPortrait of a ChildJean-Baptiste Camille Corot29.100.564METcenter|160x160pxSibylleJean-Baptiste Camille Corot1870s29.100.565METcenter|128x128pxThe Calm SeaGustave Courbet186929.100.566METcenter|128x128pxBacchante in a LandscapeJean-Baptiste Camille Corot186529.100.598MET

 Duba kuma 

 Havemeyer

 Albarkatu 

 Louisine Havemeyer.1993. Sha shida zuwa sittin: Abubuwan Tunawa na Mai Tarawa . New York: Ursus Press. 
 Louisine W. Havemeyer. 1922. Torch na Zaɓe: Tunawa da Masu Rubuce-rubucen 'Yan Ta'adda (Mayu), shafi na 1922. 528–538.
 Louisine W. Havemeyer. 1922. Muhimmin Littafin Kurkuku: Tunawa da Masu Rubuce-rubucen 'Yan Ta'adda (Yuni) shafi na 1922. 661–675.
 Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen. 1993. Gado Mai Kyau: Tarin Havemeyer New York: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba