Maude Brockway

Maude Brockway (28 ga Fabrairu, 1876 - 24 ga Oktoba, 1959) malamar makaranta ce 'yar Amurka, mai aikin soja, kuma mai fafutuka. An haife ta a Arkansas a 1876 kuma ta koma yankin Indiya bayan kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Baptist ta Arkansas . Da farko, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Ardmore, Chickasaw Nation sannan ta buɗe kasuwancin yin hula. A 1910, ta koma Oklahoma City kuma ta shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Matan Baƙar fata . Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar tarayya ta jiha, Ƙungiyar Matan Masu Launi ta Oklahoma da kuma reshen birni, Ƙungiyar Matan Masu Launi ta Oklahoma City Federation of Colored Women's Clubs of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs . Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar reshen birnin daga 1925 zuwa 1950 da kuma ƙungiyar jiha daga 1936 zuwa 1940, da kuma riƙe mukamai a ƙungiyar ƙasa.

Baya ga aikinta da Ƙungiyar Tarayya, Brockway ta shiga ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ke da alaƙa da coci, tana aiki a mukamai na gida da na jiha. Ta kafa Makarantar Horarwa ta Mata da 'Yan Mata ta Oklahoma, a Sapulpa, Oklahoma, da Cibiyar Al'umma ta Brockway da ke Oklahoma City . Cibiyar ta ɗauki nauyin asibitoci masu lafiya, darussan horo, cibiyar kula da yara, da kuma asibitin hana haihuwa na biyu mallakar Baƙar fata a Amurka. A shekarar 2019, an zaɓi cibiyar da ke ɗauke da sunanta don a saka ta cikin Rijistar Wurare na Tarihi na Ƙasa, a matsayin muhimmiyar alama ta tarihin baƙar fata a Oklahoma.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Mary Maude Sterling a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1876    [ Bayanan kula 1 ] a Clark County, Arkansas .   Ta girma a Curtis kuma ta halarci makaranta a Arkadelphia Presbyterian Academy, wata makarantar firamare da sakandare da aka kafa don ilmantar da 'ya'yan tsoffin bayi .   Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Baptist ta Arkansas . 

 Sana'a 
alt=A black and white photograph of a black man in a suit and bow tie.|thumb|William Brockway, 1905
A shekarar 1896, Sterling ya auri William Brockway ya kuma ƙaura zuwa Yankin Indiya . A can suka haifi 'ya mace, Inez, Brockway kuma ta koyar  a makarantu a Ardmore da Berwyn a ƙasar Chickasaw .  Ta shiga ƙungiyar Baptist Young People's Union, kuma a shekarar 1906 ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar.  A wannan shekarar, ta fara gudanar da shagon sayar da kayan kida a Ardmore.  A kusan shekarar 1910, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Territory, inda Brockway ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai sayar da kayan kida kuma mijinta yana aiki a matsayin dillalin gidaje.   Da zarar ta isa Oklahoma City, ta fara aiki sosai a cikin Ƙungiyar Matan Baƙar fata, wadda ta mayar da hankali kan inganta da kare rayuwar 'yan ƙasa baƙar fata. 

A shekara ta 1910, Brockway ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar mata ta Oklahoma Federation of Negro, wadda daga baya ta canza sunanta zuwa ƙungiyar mata masu launin fata ta Oklahoma (Ƙungiyar Jiha).  Ƙungiyar ta kasance ƙungiya ce ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata Masu Launi ta Ƙasa, wadda Mary Church Terrell ta kafa,  kuma shugabar ta ta farko ita ce Harriet Price Jacobson, malama.  [ Bayani na 2 ] A shekara mai zuwa, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar tarayya ta Oklahoma City Reshen Jihar (Babban Birnin).  A shekara ta 1917, Brockway ta kafa, kuma daga 1918 zuwa 1919, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da sabuwar makarantar horar da mata da 'yan mata ta Oklahoma, da ke Sapulpa, yayin da take kula da gidanta a Oklahoma City. [ 32 ] Daga baya an san wannan makarantar da Makarantar Horarwa ta Drusilla Dunjee Houston . 
alt=A black and white profile photograph of a young black woman wearing dangling bead earrings.|thumb|Inez Brockway Brewer, 1922
A shekarar 1920, ta koma birnin Oklahoma, ta sake fara aikinta na kulob, sannan ta taimaka wa reshen birnin wajen sayen hedikwatarsu ta farko, a 501 Northeast 4th Street.   Yawancin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da Brockway ta shiga ciki sun kasance suna da alaƙa da aikin cocinta, a cikin Order of the Eastern Star ; taron jihar Baptist na mata na Oklahoma, wanda ya zama shugabar ta a 1918; da kuma a cikin kafa ƙungiyar Oklahoma City Mission Society Federation, wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ta a 1919. [ 35 ] A matsayinta na mai shirya ƙungiyar jihar, Brockway ta taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen yaɗuwa a duk faɗin jihar, tana aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 1921.   A shekara mai zuwa, ta zama mataimakiyar shugaba ta biyu ta ƙungiyar jihar.  A shekarar 1925, an zaɓe ta shugabar ƙungiyar City Chapter, wani muƙami da za ta riƙe na tsawon shekaru 25.   A wannan matsayin, ta ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga wannan babi ta hanyar ƙwarewarta ta kula da gidaje. Ta taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta sayar da hedikwatarta ta farko da siyan kadara a lamba 615 Northeast 4th Street. Brockway ta sayi filaye maƙwabta akan $15,000 sannan ta mayar da su ga ƙungiyar kan $1. Gidan mai hawa biyu ya zama sananne a hukumance da Cibiyar Al'umma ta Brockway . 

A shekarar 1935, Brockway ta kasance shugabar Kwamitin Ilimi na Ƙasa na Mataimakan Mata ga Babban Taron Baptist na Ƙasa.  A shekarar 1936, ta zama shugabar Tarayyar Jiha kuma ta yi wa'adi na shekaru huɗu.  Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake tsara ƙungiyar zuwa yankuna a cikin jihar kuma ta kafa shirin Princess Revue don kafa gudummawar ilimi da agaji ga NAACP .   A shekarar 1938, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Lafiyar Mata ta Jiha da kuma Sashen Birni, ta kafa asibitin hana haihuwa na biyu mallakar Baƙar fata a Amurka. Asibitin yana aiki a Cibiyar Al'umma ta Brockway, likitoci biyu ne ke aiki, kuma Brockway ne ke jagoranta.  Bugu da ƙari, ta kula da asibitin lafiya kyauta ga jarirai, wurin renon yara, cibiyar horar da kimiyyar gida da kuma matsuguni ga matasa marasa gida a cibiyar.  Bayan wa'adinta na zama shugabar jiha, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa kuma mai kididdiga a Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata Masu Launi ta Ƙasa . 

A cikin shekarun 1940, Brockway ta yi lacca kan al'ummomin baƙar fata masu ɗaga darajar al'umma kuma ta ci gaba da aikinta tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da ke da alaƙa da coci.   A shekarar 1947, ta yi watanni biyu a Turai tana ba da lacca game da shirye-shirye ga baƙar fata na Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Mata kuma ta dawo don yin magana game da tafiyarta zuwa ƙungiyoyi a Amurka.    Duk da cewa Brockway ba ta goyi bayan makarantar da aka raba ba kuma ta yi yaƙi da ita,  lokacin da aka kafa sabuwar cibiyar Makarantar Sakandare ta Douglass, makarantar sakandare ta farko ga ɗaliban baƙar fata a Oklahoma City, a shekarar 1953, tana cikin manyan mutane da suka halarci taron.  [ Bayani 3 ]

 Mutuwa da gado 
Brockway ta mutu a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1959, a Okmulgee, Oklahoma, yayin da take halartar taron mata na jihar na Babban Taron Baptist na jihar.  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta yi jawabi ga taron, ta yi fama da bugun zuciya kuma ta mutu.  An yi jana'izarta a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba a Cocin Calvary Baptist kuma an binne ta a Makabartar Trice Hill da ke Oklahoma City.  Ƙungiyar Kulab ɗin Mata Masu Launi ta Oklahoma ta karrama ta da wani taron tunawa a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 50 na kafa ƙungiyar.  'Yar Brockway, Inez Brockway Brewer, ta zama mai himma a ƙungiyar kulab kuma malama.   A shekarar 1968, Cibiyar Al'umma ta Brockway ta koma 1440 North Everest Avenue kuma a shekarar 2019,  an zaɓe ta don a haɗa ta cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na ƙasa a Oklahoma County, Oklahoma .  Cibiyar, wacce aka sanya mata suna don girmama Brockway, ita ce kawai tsarin da ke da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Matan Baƙar fata. 

 Bayanan kula 

 Nassoshi 

 Ambato 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1959
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba