Pat Cleveland

Patricia Cleveland (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1950) wata 'yar Amurka ce mai tallan kayan kwalliya wadda ta fara samun nasara a shekarun 1960 da 1970 kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin samfuran farko na Baƙar fata-Amurkawa a masana'antar kayan kwalliya da ta shahara a matsayin samfurin titin jirgin sama da bugawa.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Cleveland a birnin New York a shekarar 1950 The History Makers August 14, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2016.    , ƙwararren mai rubuta jazz na asalin Irish da  da kuma Lady Bird Cleveland , mai zane  daga zuriyar 

 Aikin tallan kayan kawa 
Aikin Cleveland a matsayin mai tallan kayan kawa ya fara ne a shekarar 1966 lokacin da take kan wani dandamali na jirgin ƙasa tare da wata ƙawarta a kan hanyarta ta zuwa aji kuma mataimakiyar Carrie Donovan, editan kayan kawa a Vogue ta lura da ita. arogundade retrieved March 26, 2016. Donovan, wacce ta yi sha'awar kayan kwalliya na Cleveland, ta gayyace ta zuwa ofisoshin Vogue kuma daga baya mujallar ta buga wani abu a kanta a matsayinta na matashiyar mai zane.  Labarin ya sa Ebony ta tuntube ta, wadda ta tambayi Cleveland ko za ta yi wasa a matsayin abin kwaikwayo a yawon shakatawa na kasa na Fashion Fair. Cleveland ta amince ta kuma yanke shawarar cewa za ta dakatar da burinta na zama mai zane kuma ta gwada sa'arta a matsayin mai tallan kayan kawa. 

Bayan rangadinta da Ebony, inda ta fuskanci munanan ayyukan wariyar launin fata a Kudancin Amurka,  Cleveland ta jawo hankalin masu zane kamar Jacques Tiffeau da Stephen Burrows . Tana da shekaru 18, an sanya mata hannu a Wilhelmina Models bayan da mai zane Oleg Cassini ya fara ba da shawararta ga Eileen Ford . Cleveland ta bayyana cewa Ford ta ƙi ta ne saboda launin fatarta. 

Ba da daɗewa ba ta fara haɗuwa da kuma aiki da manyan mutane masu hazaka a masana'antar kayan kwalliya ta wannan lokacin, ciki har da Diana Vreeland kuma Irving Penn, Steven Meisel, Richard Avedon, Christopher Makos, da Andy Warhol suka ɗauki hotonta   kuma ta zama abin tarihi ga Salvador Dalí na ɗan lokaci.  Ta fara fitowa a matsayin mai ƙirar kayan kwalliya a cikin mujallar American Vogue a watan Yunin 1970, Berry Berenson ya ɗauki hotonta  kuma a wannan shekarar, ta fito a cikin fitowar farko ta mujallar Essence . Duk da nasarar da ta samu a farkon, Cleveland ta yi rashin jin daɗin Amurka da abin da ta fahimta a matsayin wariyar launin fata ga samfuran Baƙar fata.  Ta ƙaura zuwa Paris bisa shawarar mai zane-zanen kayan kwalliya Antonio Lopez a 1971, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta zama mai ƙirar gida ga Karl Lagerfeld, wanda shine babban mai zane a Chloé . Cleveland ta yi alƙawarin ba za ta koma Amurka ba har sai wani samfurin Baƙar fata ya bayyana a murfin mujallar Vogue ta Amurka. 

A shekarun 1970, Cleveland ta yi wa masu zane zane kamar Valentino, Oscar de la Renta, Yves Saint Laurent, Thierry Mugler, Diane von Furstenberg, da Christian Dior kwalliya. Tare da Karen Bjornson, Anjelica Huston, Alva Chinn, Elsa Peretti, da Pat Ast, da sauransu, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar samfuran da Halston ta fi so, waɗanda aka yi wa lakabi da Halstonettes.   Halston ya kira Cleveland "mafi kyawun salon tafiya a cikin kasuwancin." A shekarar 2019, tana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin samfuransa da aka yi hira da su don fim ɗin shirin gaskiya na Halston .

Babban abin da ya sa ta samu nasara a Turai shi ne halartarta a bikin baje kolin kayan kwalliya na Yaƙin Versailles na ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1973; wani taron da aka fara ɗauka a matsayin wani taron tallatawa da tara kuɗi da aka gudanar a Théâtre Gabriel don Fadar Versailles da ta lalace a wancan lokacin. Taron, wanda ya haɗa masu zane-zane biyar na Faransa: Yves Saint Laurent, Hubert de Givenchy, Pierre Cardin, Emanuel Ungaro da Christian Dior Marc Bohan, da masu zane-zane biyar na Amurka: Bill Blass, Oscar de la Renta, Anne Klein, Halston da Stephen Burrows a wani taron nuna kayan kwalliya. Taron ya zama abin sha'awa na kasa da kasa tare da marubutan salo da masu sharhi kan al'umma, masu arziki a cikin al'umma, sarakuna, attajirai da 'yan siyasa da suka halarta.  Cleveland tana ɗaya daga cikin samfura 36 da suka yi tafiya a kan titin jirgin sama don taron. Daga cikin samfura 36, goma baƙi ne, adadi mai ban mamaki a wannan lokacin.  Daga baya an rubuta wannan bikin a cikin kyautar Pulitzer ta 2015, wacce ta lashe kyautar The Battle of Versailles: The Night American Fashion Stumbled into the Spotlight and Made History ta Robin Givhan . 

Bayan Beverly Johnson ta zama samfurin baƙar fata na farko da ya bayyana a murfin mujallar American Vogue a watan Agusta na 1974,  Cleveland ta koma Amurka ta ci gaba da aikinta na tallan kayan kawa. Tun daga farkon zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ta bayyana a murfin mujallar Vanity Fair, Interview, Essence, Harper's, Cosmopolitan, Women's Wear Daily, L'Officiel, The Sunday Times Magazine, GQ,  Vogue Paris, W, da Elle .

A tsakiyar shekarun 1970 zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970, Cleveland da saurayinta Sterling St. Jacques ma'aurata ne masu rawa.   Mujallar People ta yi wa lakabi da "ma'aurata mafi zafi a Amurka," sun yi daidai da Fred Astaire da Ginger Rogers .  Sun yi rawa tare a duk manyan gidajen rawa na New York, ciki har da Hurrah, Regine's, da Studio 54.  A shekarar 1976, sun fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway mai ban sha'awa Let My People Come, wanda aka nuna kawai a Morosco Theatre .   Sun kasance wani ɓangare na Studio 54 na musamman na New York, sau da yawa tare da abokai kamar Halston, Jerry Hall, Grace Jones, da Andy Warhol.

 Komawa ga yin tallan kayan kawa 
Bayan ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Cleveland ta koma yin tallan kayan kawa akai-akai. A shekarar 1995, ta fara kamfanin tallan kayan kawa a Milan. A shekarar 2003, Cleveland da 'yarta Anna suka yi tafiya zuwa Chanel a Paris Fashion Week . A shekarar 2010, ta fito a cikin shirin gaskiya na Ultrasuede, In Search of Halston kuma a wannan shekarar ta fito a matsayin bako a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya da kuma gasar hulɗa ta America's Next Top Model . A shekarar 2012, ta fito a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen fina-finai guda biyu na salon zamani, Versailles '73: American Runway Revolution da Timothy Greenfield-Sanders ' About Face: Supermodels Then and Now .  A shekarar 2013, ta bayyana a shirin talabijin mai taken The Face, wani shiri na talabijin mai taken tallan kayan kawa wanda Naomi Campbell ta shirya  kuma a shekarar 2013 ta fito a wani kamfen na talla na MAC Cosmetics tare da samfuran Jerry Hall da Marisa Berenson wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi don sadaukar da kai ga mai zane-zanen kayan kawa Antonio Lopez, wanda ya mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamau a shekarar 1987 kuma wanda ya kasance abokai na kud da kud da dukkan samfuran uku kuma kayan aiki a farkon ayyukansu. 

A shekarar 2014, ta yi tafiya a kan titin Moschino 's Spring Collection da ke Milan kuma ta bayyana a kan murfin Numéro Russia, wanda Tom Ford ya ɗauka kuma ya tsara.  A shekarar 2015, ta koma New York Fashion Week don yin tafiya a kan titin Zac Posen, wanda shi ma ya ɗauki hayar ta da 'yarta Anna don nuna tarin wuraren shakatawa na watan Yunin 2015,  ya bayyana a Vogue Japan kuma ya fito a wani kamfen na talla na Barneys New York .  An zaɓi Cleveland da 'yarta Anna don kamfen na talla na 2015 na gidan kayan gargajiya na Faransa mai suna Lanvin .  A shekarar 2016, ta yi tafiya a kan titin H&amp;M a lokacin makon kayan kwalliya na Paris kuma ta bayyana a kan murfin Vogue Italia tare da iyalinta.  Ta kuma bayyana a cikin sharhin editoci na Harper's Bazaar Japan da Vogue Spain. A watan Fabrairun 2019, tana da shekaru 68, ta yi tafiya a titin jirgin sama don Hellessy da Naeem Khan a Makon Kayan Zamani na New York tare da tsoffin Halstonettes Karen Bjornson da Alva Chinn,  kuma a watan Maris na wannan shekarar, ta yi tafiya a titin jirgin sama (tare da takwarorinta na farko Beverly Johnson da Grace Jones) a Makon Kayan Zamani na Paris don Tommy Hilfiger da Zendaya . 

 Gado 
Tun daga shekarar 1980, an yi amfani da kalmar " supermodel " don bayyana Cleveland. Tsohon editan mujallar Vogue na Amurka , André Leon Talley, ya rubuta, "Ita ce tauraruwar da ta fi kowa a tarihi" a cikin wani labarin mujallar Ebony a watan Yunin 1980. Talley ya kira Cleveland da "Baƙar fata ta farko, Josephine Baker na jiragen sama na duniya" a cikin littafin tarihinsa da aka buga a shekarar 2003 mai suna ALT: A Memoir . Mai ba da gudummawa a Vogue, Tina Isaac-Goizé, ta kira Cleveland da "supermodel" a cikin wani labarin da ta rubuta a shekarar 2015 game da 'yar Cleveland Anna.

A shekarar 2021, Dilone, mai tallan kayan kawa kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, ta fito a fim ɗin Cleveland a cikin wani fim mai sassa biyar na Netflix, mai suna Halston, wanda ya ba da labarin rayuwar tsohon abokin Cleveland, mai zane, Halston. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Cleveland ta shafe shekaru shida tana soyayya da jarumi Warren Beatty .  Ta yi aure da ɗan rawa Sterling St. Jacques . "Pat Cleveland, Model: A Fast-Paced Ride With The Jet Set Crowd".  A shekarar 1978, ta auri samfurin Martin Snaric; daga baya su biyun suka rabu.  A shekarar 1982, ta auri tsohon mai ɗaukar hoto kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na zamani ɗan ƙasar Holland Paul van Ravenstein,  wanda take da 'ya'ya biyu, Noel van Ravenstein (an haife shi a shekarar 1984) da Anna Cleveland van Ravenstein (an haife ta a shekarar 1989), wadda ita ma ta zama mai tallan kayan kwalliya. 

A shekarar 2016, ta rubuta Walking with the Muses: A Memoir, wanda ya shafi rayuwarta ta farko a Harlem da kuma aikinta a masana'antar kayan kwalliya. Atria Publishing Group, 37 Ink, Simon & Schuster ne suka buga littafin. Baya ga rubuce-rubucenta, gudanar da harkokin kasuwancinta, da kuma bayyanarta a bainar jama'a, Cleveland kuma tana kan neman a karɓe ta da fasahar mahaifiyarta, Ladybird Cleveland a cikin Smithsonian Institution . Cleveland mai bauta wa Gurumayi Chidvilasananda ce, shugabar ruhaniya ta Siddha Yoga a yanzu.

A watan Maris na 2019, kwanaki bayan ta yi tafiya a kan titin jirgin sama don wasan kwaikwayo na Tommy Hilfiger a Paris Fashion Week, an garzaya da Cleveland zuwa Asibitin Amurka na Paris bayan ta yi rashin lafiya. An yi mata tiyatar gaggawa a ranar 23 ga Maris bayan likitocin Faransa sun gano tana da cutar kansar hanji .  Jim kaɗan bayan tiyatar, mijin Cleveland Paul ya sanar da cewa Cleveland ba ta da isasshen inshorar lafiya don biyan kuɗin tiyatar. Van Ravenstein ya kafa shafin bayar da gudummawa na jama'a a kan wani dandamali na tara kuɗi don taimakawa wajen biyan kuɗin likitancin Cleveland. An bayar da gudummawa daga mutane da yawa a cikin masana'antar kayan kwalliya, ciki har da masu zane; Anna Sui, Kim Jones, Marc Jacobs, Zac Posen, Thierry Mugler, Kimora Lee Simmons, da Elsa Peretti ; masu ƙira Carla Bruni, Helena Christensen, Marisa Berenson, Marpessa Hennink, da Lineisy Montero ; masu ɗaukar hoto Inez van Lamsweerde, Vinoodh Matadin, Roxanne Lowit da Steven Klein ; mai gyaran gashi kuma 'yar jaridar kayan kwalliya Katie Grand ; da kuma 'yar kasuwa kuma DJ Marjorie Gubelmann .  A watan Satumba na 2019, bayan an yi mata magani, ta koma kan titin jirgin sama, tana tafiya don wasannin bazara na 2020 ga masu zane-zane Nicole Miller da Chiara Boni . 

Cleveland tana zaune tare da mijinta kusa da Morristown, New Jersey . 

 Manazarta 

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