Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho

Dr. Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho ƙwararriyar likitan yara ce kuma shugabar kula da lafiyar jama'a ta ƙasar Tanzaniya, wacce har zuwa ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2015, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta Janar ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) kan cutar HIV/AIDS, tarin fuka, zazzabin cizon sauro da cututtukan wurare masu zafi da aka yi watsi da su da ke Geneva, Switzerland. Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa na RBM Partnership To End Malaria .  Kafin ta shiga WHO a 1999, Mpanju-Shumbusho ita ce Darakta Janar na Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka (ECSA-HC) wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Yankin Commonwealth na Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka (CRHC-ECSA). 

Mpanju-Shumbusho abokiyar kafa ce, memba a kwamitin gudanarwa, kuma mai aikin sa kai a cikin wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna Adventures in Health, Education, and Agricultural Development (AHED Inc.), wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1981 don samar da taimakon kai-tsaye ga al'ummomin da ba su da galihu a Afirka da kuma cikin birnin Amurka. Ta kuma kasance tare da kafa kungiyar mata ta likitoci ta Tanzania kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aji kuma memba a kwamitin zartarwa na kungiyar likitoci ta Tanzania. A shekarar 2019, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta hadin gwiwa ta bangarori da dama  daga Malaria No More a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mata da ke jagorantar yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 

An haifi Winifrida Kokwenda Mpanju kusa da Bukoba, a ƙauyen Maruku, Yankin Kagera a arewa maso yammacin Tanzania a bakin Tafkin Victoria . Ita ce babbar 'ya ga Omulangira Benedicto Timbilimu Mpanju (Marigayi) da Omumbeija Paskazia Koburungo Mpanju. Saboda rashin daidaiton lafiya da ta gani tun tana ƙarama, Mpanju-Shumbusho ta yanke shawarar tun tana ƙarama cewa aikin likitanci ne zai zama aikinta. Ta ci gaba da karatun likitanci a Faculty of Medicine na Muhimbili, Jami'ar Dar es Salaam, wacce ta gabaci Jami'ar Lafiya da Kimiyyar Allied ta Muhimbili (MUHAS), inda ta kammala karatun digirin Doctor of Medicine a 1979. Daga 1980 zuwa 1981 ita ce jami'ar lafiya da ke kula da Asibitin Ocean Road na tarihi (wanda yanzu shine Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Ocean Road ) a Dar es Salaam, asibitin da aka fara buɗewa a 1897 kuma ya shahara a tarihi a matsayin wurin da Robert Koch ya gudanar da bincike kan cututtuka na wurare masu zafi. Saboda girmamawa ga halayen jagoranci na Mpanju-Shumbusho, a shekarar 1981 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Hubert H. Humphrey North-South Fellowship don karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Tulane, New Orleans, Louisiana, Amurka. Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a daga Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankuna na Tsakiyar Duniya ta Tulane a shekarar 1982. Mpanju-Shumbusho ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Magungunan Yara da Lafiyar Yara daga Faculty of Medicine na Muhimbili na Jami'ar Dar Es Salaam a shekarar 1986. Mpanju-Shumbusho tana da aure da yara biyu manya.

 Sana'a 

 Lafiyar Yara da Al'umma 
Aikin koyarwa da bincike na Mpanju-Shumbusho ya fara ne a shekarar 1986 a makarantar da ta yi karatu, Jami'ar Lafiya da Kimiyyar Allied ta Muhimbili, bayan nadinta a matsayin babbar jami'ar likitanci kuma babbar lacca a fannin kula da lafiyar yara, lafiyar yara, da lafiyar al'umma. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara kan lafiyar yara a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara da Lafiyar Yara a Asibitin Kasa na Muhimbili, babban asibitin koyarwa na Tanzaniya. Daga baya, an nada ta Shugabar Sashen Lafiyar Al'umma, MUHAS, kuma Babbar Mai Ba da Shawara kan Lafiyar Jama'a ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tanzaniya daga 1986 zuwa 1993. A wannan matsayin, Mpanju-Shumbusho ta jagoranci ƙarfafa manhajar horar da makarantar likitanci don haɗawa da ƙarin horo kan al'umma da al'umma, tsarin da wasu cibiyoyi a Gabashin Afirka suka yi koyi da shi daga baya, ciki har da Jami'ar Moi, Kenya, da Kwalejin Magunguna ta Jami'ar Malawi da ke Malawi. Ta kuma jagoranci haɗin gwiwa tsakanin MUHAS da jami'o'i daban-daban da cibiyoyin bincike na likitanci na ƙasa da na duniya (misali Cibiyar Karolinska da ke Sweden). [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

A matsayinta na babbar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin fasaha ga ma'aikatar lafiya ta Tanzaniya, Mpanju-Shumbusho ta kasance memba a kwamitocin kula da lafiyar jama'a na ƙasa da kuma cibiyoyin tunani don kafa da kuma sake duba shirye-shiryen kula da lafiyar jama'a na ƙasar Tanzaniya da kuma kula da lafiya na farko, ciki har da lafiyar mata da yara (MCH), faɗaɗa rigakafi, manyan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa, da ruwa da tsafta. Gudunmawar Mpanju-Shumbusho ga ƙoƙarin duniya na kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta fara ne shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, ta kasance mai sa ido kan asibiti na duniya kan gwajin artemether a fili akan quinine wajen magance zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin yara 'yan Afirka, wanda aka gudanar a Tanzaniya, Malawi, da Najeriya. Sakamakon binciken ya taimaka sosai wajen sauya manufofin WHO zuwa Maganin Haɗa Artemisinin a matsayin maganin farko ga zazzabin cizon sauro a ƙasashen da ke fama da cutar. A wani bincike kuma, Mpanju-Shumbusho ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sa ido kan lafiyar asibiti na duniya don gwajin allurar rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro na SPF66 da aka gudanar a gundumar Ifakara da Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ifakara, Tanzania, daga 1990 zuwa 1995 a ƙarƙashin tallafin WHO da Shirin Musamman na Bincike da Horarwa kan Cututtukan Yankin Wurare (TDR) da kuma haɗin gwiwar Farfesa Peter Smith na Makarantar Tsabtace Lafiya da Magungunan Yankin Wurare na London da Dr. Malcom Molyneux na Makarantar Magungunan Yankin Wurare na Liverpool . [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Darakta Janar na ƙungiyar lafiya ta Gabas, Tsakiya, da Kudancin Afirka (1997–1999) 
Mpanju-Shumbusho ta shiga ECSA-HC (wanda a da ake kira CRHC-ECSA) a shekarar 1993 a matsayin Daraktan Shirin Lafiyar Haihuwa da Bincike. An kafa ƙungiyar tsakanin gwamnatoci, wacce ke da hedikwata a Arusha, Tanzania, a shekarar 1974 don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa a fannin lafiya tsakanin ƙasashe membobin Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Afirka ta Kudu, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, da Zimbabwe. A shekarar 1997, an naɗa Mpanju-Shumbusho Darakta-Janar/Sakataren Yanki na ECSA-HC . A matsayinta na Darakta Janar na ƙungiyar kuma Shugabar Ofishin Jakadanci, ta jagoranci haɓakawa da aiwatar da Tsarin Dabaru na ECSA-HC na farko (1999–2004), wanda ya ɗaga martabar ECSA-HC ta duniya. Ta kuma fara haɗin gwiwa da hukumomin yanki daban-daban, na duniya, da na masu ba da gudummawa, tare da tattara albarkatu daga ƙasashe membobinsu da masu ba da gudummawa, ciki har da Hukumar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya ta Amurka (USAID), Hukumar Turai, Gidauniyar Rockefeller, Wellstart International, WHO, da sauransu. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya 
Mpanju-Shumbusho tana da mukamai da yawa na shugabanci a cikin WHO tun lokacin da ta shiga Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1999 a matsayin Darakta na Shirin HIV/AIDS da Cututtukan da ake Yaɗawa ta Jima'i, wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna Sashen HIV/AIDS, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa 2003. Zarocostas, John (April 2018). "Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho: leader in the fight against malaria". The Lancet. 391 (10130): 1566. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30894-8. PMID 29695335. S2CID 13881461.  A cikin wannan matsayin ta jagoranci shigar da cutar HIV cikin ayyukan dukkan ƙungiyoyi da sassan WHO masu dacewa, haɗa WHO kan cutar HIV, da kuma tabbatar da haɗa cutar HIV cikin fannoni daban-daban na aikin WHO, ƙara ilimi game da HIV/AIDS a cikin WHO da kuma ba da shawara don sanya cutar a matsayin fifiko. Ta jagoranci haɓaka Tsarin Sashen Lafiya na Duniya na farko don HIV/AIDS na tsawon lokacin 2003-2007 da haɓaka Ka'idojin WHO na farko don tsarin lafiyar jama'a don haɓaka maganin hana sake kamuwa da cuta (ART) a wurare masu ƙarancin albarkatu. Ta kasance tare da kafa Shirin WHO na 3by5 kuma ta jagoranci ayyukan tallafawa ƙasashe 3by5 na Ƙungiyar don haɓaka maganin AIDS a duk duniya. Daga baya, an naɗa Mpanju-Shumbusho a matsayin Babbar Mai Ba da Shawara ga Mataimakiyar Darakta Janar a lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta a Ofishin WHO/ Asusun Duniya don Yaƙi da Cutar Kanjamau, Tarin Fuka, da Malaria (Asusun Duniya) Haɗin gwiwa da Haɗin gwiwa na Fasaha, tana kula da ayyukan WHO tare da haɗin gwiwar kiwon lafiya na duniya. Baya ga Asusun Duniya, sauran abokan hulɗa sun haɗa da UNAIDS, Stop TB Partnership, RBM Partnership, UNITAID, da TDR. Shirin ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sauran ƙungiyoyin WHO, ciki har da Ƙarfafa Tsarin Lafiya, Lafiyar Iyali da Al'umma, Ofisoshin Yankuna shida na WHO, da manyan masu ba da gudummawa da ƙungiyoyin NGO. Daga 2005 zuwa 2015, Mpanju-Shumbusho memba ne na kwamitin Asusun Duniya. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

An naɗa Mpanju-Shumbusho a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta Janar na WHO kan cutar kanjamau/AIDS, tarin fuka, zazzabin cizon sauro da cututtukan da ba a yi la'akari da su ba a wurare masu zafi. "Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho". 1st Malaria World Congress. Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2019-04-05. A matsayinta na Mataimakiyar Darakta Janar na WHO, Mpanju-Shumbusho ta jagoranci aikin WHO a fannin rigakafi, shawo kan cututtuka, rage tasirinsu, tallafawa ƙasashe da haɗin gwiwar duniya don yaƙar cututtuka a ƙarƙashin ikonta kuma ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga cimma burin ci gaban Millennium (MDG) #6 da sauran MDGs masu alaƙa. Jagorancinta ya tabbatar da sauyi mai sauƙi da aiki tsakanin tsarin MDG da Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa (SDG). Jagorancinta na haɗin gwiwar WHO da Asusun Duniya ya taimaka wa ƙasashe masu cancanta su sami sama da dala biliyan 10 daga Asusun Duniya don yaƙi da cututtuka da ƙarfafa tsarin lafiya. Mpanju-Shumbusho ta yi ritaya daga WHO a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2015.

 Gyaran Maleriya Mai Yaduwa 
Mpanju-Shumbusho ta shiga Hukumar RBM Partnership To End Malaria a shekarar 2016 a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa. Ta sadaukar da aikinta na baya-bayan nan ga tafiyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma kula da lafiya a duniya baki daya. "Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho". 1st Malaria World Congress. Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2019-04-05.  A matsayinta na Shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa, ta sake karfafa hadin gwiwar tare da tabbatar da cewa tana kan gaba a kokarin da duniya ke yi na hada karfi da karfe na siyasa da albarkatun da ake bukata don sabunta yakin da ake yi don kawo karshen zazzabin cizon sauro har abada. Ta samar da jagoranci wanda ke tabbatar da kuzari, tare da gargadin cewa haɗin gwiwa, dabaru, da kayan aikin da suka kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a ƙasashe 27, da kuma rage zazzabin cizon sauro da fiye da rabi, wanda ya ceci rayuka kusan miliyan 7 tun daga shekarar 2000, duk da haka ba su isa su kawo ƙarshen zazzabin cizon sauro ba har abada, musamman a ƙasashen da cutar ke ci gaba da bunƙasa. Mpanju-Shumbusho ta ci gaba da jagorantar tarurruka na WHO da sauran ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro. Ita ce shugabar kwamitin Lancet kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ta rubuta wallafe-wallafe da yawa da ke fafutukar ganin an kawo ƙarshen sabbin cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro.   Bayan kammala wa'adinta na shekaru uku a shekarar 2019, Mpanju-Shumbusho ta miƙa wannan matsayi ga magajinta, Farfesa Maha Taysir Barakat, tsohon darakta-janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Abu Dhabi . 

 Hukumar Kare Maleriya ta Duniya 
Mpanju-Shumbusho babban marubuci ne tare da Farfesa Richard Feachem, a rahoton da jaridar The Lancet ta fitar a shekarar 2019 game da kawar da cutar maleriya cikin shekaru 30.  

 Duba kuma 

 Irene Tarimo
 Joyce Msuya
 Frannie Leautier
 Elizabeth Mrema

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane