Ngoma music

Ngoma (wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma) kalma ce ta Swahili wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida.   A Tanzaniya, ngoma kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa.  A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da Kudancin Afirka .  name="Stone_08"  A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a Tanzaniya, wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa (BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa) ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma.   A Tanzaniya, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i.  Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. 

Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida.

 Tarihi 
Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.  name="Sanga_13"> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa.  'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.  name="Sanga_19"> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a Dar es Salaam da Tanga don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi (jazz na rawa) a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya (TANU) ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. 

Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa.  TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.   name="Sanga_13">Sanga, Daines Nicodem (27 March 2013). "Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania". Swahili Forum. 20 (1). Mainz, Germany: University of Bayreuth, University of Leipzig: 67–84. ISSN 1614-2373. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022. Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. name="Sanga_19">Sanga, Daines Nicodem (10 December 2019). "Global Impacts upon Ngoma". Brill. 14 (1): 126–144. doi:10.1163/26836408-14010007. ISSN 2683-6408. S2CID 199148535. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022. Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci.  name="Sanga_13"   Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa.  name="Sanga_19"   name="Stockt_19"  Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers.

 Manazarta