Ghusl

(Arabic: ,) kalma ce ta Larabci wadda ke nufin tsarkake jiki gaba ɗaya wanda wajibi ne kafin a yi ayyuka da addu'o'i daban-daban na Musulunci. Ga kowane Musulmi, ana yin ta ne bayan jima'i (watau fardh ), kafin sallar Juma'a  da kuma addu'o'in bukukuwan Musulunci,  kafin shiga ihrami don shirin aikin Hajji, bayan ya ɓace, da kuma bayan ya musulunta a hukumance. Musulmai 'yan Sunni kuma suna yin alwala kafin Salati al-Tawba "Sallar Tuba".

Sau da yawa ana fassara Ghusl a matsayin "cikakken alwala", sabanin "wankewa ta ɓangare" ko wudu  cewa Musulmai suna yin hakan bayan ƙananan ƙazanta kamar fitsari, bayan gida, kumburin ciki, barci mai zurfi, da kuma zubar jini kaɗan (ya danganta da madhhab).

Ghusl wanka ne na al'ada.

 Nau'o'i bisa manufa 
Ghusl ya zama wajibi ga dalilai bakwai, kuma ghusl na kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dalilai daban-daban yana da sunaye daban-daban:

 Ana yin Ghusl Janabat bayan jima'i/fitar maniyyi.
 Ghusl Hayd yana bayan jinin al'ada .
 Ghusl Nifas yana bayan lochia (fitar farji bayan haihuwa, wanda zai iya faruwa har zuwa makonni 6 bayan haihuwa).
 Ghusl Mayyit ana yi wa musulmin da ya rasu.

A wasu ƙungiyoyi, ƙarin rukunoni biyu suna tilasta wa ghusl:

 Ana yin Ghusl Istihada ne don zubar jini ba bisa ƙa'ida ba (a cikin mata).
 Ghusl Mas-hil Mayyit ya zama wajibi idan mutum ya taɓa gawa kai tsaye. 

Ghusl kuma yana zama wajibi bayan an yi alƙawari ko rantsuwa don cika shi.

 Bukatun ruwa 
Kamar yadda ake yi da wudu, wasu hanyoyin ruwa an yarda a yi amfani da su don yin ghusl yayin da wasu hanyoyin ruwa ba a yarda a yi amfani da su ba.

Ghusl yana buƙatar ruwa mai tsabta, mara ƙamshi wanda ba a yi amfani da shi don wani al'ada da ya gabata ba kuma yana farawa da bayyana niyyar tsarki da ibada. 

Tushen ruwa da aka yarda da su sun haɗa da:

 Ruwan sama
 Ruwan rijiya
 Ruwan bazara, teku, ko kogi
 Ruwan ƙanƙara mai narkewa
 Ruwan babban tanki ko tafki 

Ba a yarda da Ghusl tare da ruwa mara tsarki ko mara tsarki ko ruwan da aka samo daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da bishiyoyi ba.

 Ayyukan ghusl 
Umarnin Alqur'ani yana gargaɗin masu imani da kada su kusanci yin addu'a yayin da suke barci har sai bayan sun wanke dukkan jiki. Haka nan ake yi wa waɗanda suka taɓa mace, ko suke tafiya, ko marasa lafiya, ko kuma waɗanda suka yi amfani da bayan gida. Wannan rukuni na ƙarshe, idan ba su sami ruwa ba, za su iya goge hannayensu da fuskokinsu da ƙazanta mai tsabta. 

Malaman Hanafiyya sun fassara kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin 'mu'amala' a cikin wannan ayar da ma'anarta ta jima'i, yayin da malaman Shafi'iyya suka fassara ta da ma'anarta ta jiki da ta jima'i.  Saboda haka, mazhabar Hanafiyya ba ta buƙatar mutum ya yi alwala idan akwai mu'amalar da ba ta jima'i da wani jinsi ba, yayin da mazhabar Shafi'iyya ke buƙatar alwala kafin sallah da sauransu. 

 Farin Ghusl (Jagororin Hanafi) 
Akwai ayyuka uku na farḍ (na wajibi). Idan aka cire ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka, dole ne a mayar da shi zuwa ga kuma a kammala shi kafin sauran ayyukan. 

 Kurkure bakin ciki (kurkure baki da ruwa).
 A ba wa hanci (a wanke a cikin hanci) ruwa sannan a wanke shi da ruwa.
 Wanke jiki gaba ɗaya.

 Sunnah ta Ghusl 
Wata hanyar madadin zaɓi kamar yadda annabin Musulunci, Muhammad, ya nuna:

 Wanke hannuwa biyu har zuwa gwiwar hannu.
 A wanke al'aurar mutum sannan a cire datti ko ƙazanta daga jiki (ta amfani da hannun hagu).
 Yin alwala (alwala).
 Zuba ruwa a kai sau uku, sannan a shafa gashin domin ruwan ya isa ga tushen gashin.
 Sai a wanke gawar, a tabbatar ruwan ya isa dukkan sassan jikin, a fara daga gefen dama na jikin sannan a bar shi a hagu, sannan a shafa shi da hannuwa domin ruwan ya isa dukkan jiki.

A Musulunci, yin ghusl yana buƙatar wanke jiki gaba ɗaya. Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin cikakkun bayanai tsakanin mazhabobin Sunni da na Shi'a .

 Mazhabar Sunni 

 Fara da yin niyya (niyya) yin wanka, yin Bismillah sannan ka yi niyyar tsarkake kanka daga datti.   
 Wanke hannun dama har zuwa wuyan hannu (da kuma tsakanin yatsu) sau uku sannan a tabbatar an tsaftace sosai, sannan a wanke hannun hagu.
 A wanke al'aurar mutum sannan a cire datti ko ƙazanta daga jiki (ta amfani da hannun hagu).
 Yi alwala kamar don yin sallah . Tabbatar an wanke baki da hanci sosai sau ɗaya. Idan ana zaune a kan kujera ko dutse yayin wanka, to ya kamata a wanke ƙafafu yayin yin Alwala. Amma idan ana zaune a wuri mai laka, bai kamata a wanke ƙafafu a wannan lokacin ba.
 Ya kamata a zuba ruwa a kai sau uku domin ya ratsa jiki, a tabbatar da cewa an wanke tushen gashi da sassan da ruwa ba zai iya isa gare su cikin sauƙi ba kamar bayan gwiwoyi. 
 A zuba ruwa a kan kafadu biyu sau uku kowanne (farawa daga kafada ta dama). Ya kamata a zagaya da hannuwa a ko'ina cikin jiki idan aka zuba ruwa don kada wani bangare na jiki ya bushe.
 A matsa zuwa wuri mai tsabta a wanke ƙafafu idan ba a wanke su ba a lokacin Alwala.
 Kamar yadda yake a ƙarshen Alwala, ana ba da shawarar a karanta kalmar shahada .   

Idan, bayan an yi ghusl, mutum ya tuna cewa wani ɓangare na jiki ya bushe, ba lallai ba ne a maimaita Ghusl ɗin, sai dai kawai a wanke busasshen wurin. Bai isa a shafa hannu a kan busasshen wurin ba. Idan mutum ya manta ya wanke baki ko hanci, waɗannan ma za a iya wanke su idan an sake yin Ghusl ɗin bayan an yi Ghusl ɗin. Ya kamata a yi Ghusl ɗin a wurin da babu kowa a ciki. 

A wani hadisi kuma, Ibn Abbas ya bayyana cewa Maymunah bint al-Harith ta ce an ba Muhammad tawul bayan Ghusl, amma ya girgiza ruwan maimakon shafa jikinsa da shi.  Bugu da ƙari, Ibn Abbas ya rubuta, bisa ga bayanin 'yar'uwar mahaifiyarsa, cewa Manzon Allah ya mayar masa da tawul ɗin da ta ba shi bayan Ghusl, maimakon amfani da shi. 

 Abubuwan Makruh a cikin aikin Ghusl 
Abubuwan da suke makruh a cikin ghusl.

 Yin ghusl a wurin da kowa ke kallonka.
 Yana yin wanka tsirara yayin da yake fuskantar Ka'aba .
 Ana magana cikin ghusl.
 Yin ghusl sabanin farad ghusl.
 Karatun Addu'a banda Bismillah .

 Mazhabar Shi'a 
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na yin ghusl . Ɗaya ana kiranta ghusl tartibi, ɗayan kuma ana kiranta ghusl irtimasi . 

" Ghusl tartibi " na nufin wanka na yau da kullun, wanda aka yi a matakai uku.

Bayan wanke najasat (misali, maniyyi ko jini) daga jiki da kuma bayan niyya, dole ne a wanke jiki a matakai uku: kai zuwa wuya; sannan gefen dama na jiki daga kafada zuwa ƙafa; sannan gefen hagu na jiki.

Ya kamata a wanke kowanne ɓangare sosai ta yadda ruwan zai isa ga fata. Ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan yayin wanke kai; ya kamata a tsefe gashin (misali, da yatsun hannunka) don ruwa ya isa ga tushen gashi. Yayin wanke gefen dama na jiki, dole ne a wanke wani ɓangare na gefen hagu, haka nan kuma. 

 Ghusl irtimasi 
" Ghusl irtimasi " na nufin wanka da ya haɗa da nutsar da dukkan jiki a cikin ruwa. Ana iya yin sa ne kawai a cikin ruwa, misali, tafki, kogi, tafki ko teku. Bayan wanke maniyyi ko jini daga jiki da kuma bayan niyya, ya kamata a nutsar da dukkan jiki gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwan a lokaci guda, ba a hankali ba. Dole ne mutum ya tabbatar da cewa ruwan ya isa dukkan sassan jiki, gami da gashi da fatar da ke ƙarƙashinsa.

 Ayyukan ghusl da aka ba da shawarar 
Abin da aka ambata a sama su ne ayyukan ghusl na wajibi ; akwai abubuwan da ake so (mustahabbi, sunna) a lokacin ghusl . "The Ritual Bath (ghusl): Obligatory, Recommended, and Disliked Acts - SeekersHub Answers". 2010-08-26. Retrieved 2016-06-26. Waɗannan ayyukan da ake so su ne biyar:

 Kuraje sau uku sannan a wanke hanci sau uku.
 Yin ayyukan alwala kafin a wanke.
 Shafa hannaye a dukkan jiki domin tabbatar da cewa an wanke dukkan sassan jiki sosai. 
 Haɗa gashin da yatsu domin tabbatar da cewa ruwan ya isa ga tushen gashi.
 (Ga maza) Yin istibra'i (fitsari) kafin yin thusl janabat . Idan ruwa ya fito daga azzakarin namiji bayan ya gama thusl, kuma yana shakkar ko maniyyi ne ko fitsari, ba ya buƙatar maimaita thusl ɗin matuƙar shi ma ya yi fitsari kafin thusl ɗin . Idan bai yi fitsari kafin thusl ɗin ba, to dole ne ya maimaita wannan tsari.   Wannan ƙa'idar istibra'i ta shafi maza ne kawai. 

 Manazarta 

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