Ralph M. Steinman

Ralph Marvin Steinman (Janairu 14, 1943 - Satumba 30, 2011)  ya kasance likitan Kanada kuma mai binciken likita a Jami'ar Rockefeller, wanda a 1973 ya gano kuma ya ba da sunan Kwayoyin dendritic yayin da yake aiki a matsayin ɗan aikin postdoctoral a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Zanvil A. Cohn, kuma a Jami'a Rockefellers. Steinman na ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓar kyautar Nobel ta 2011 a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani . 

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Ralph Steinman ne a cikin iyalin Yahudawa na Ashkenazi a Montreal,    ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya huɗu na Irving Steinman (d. 1995), mai sayar da kaya, da Nettie Steinman (an haife shi Takefman, 1917-2016).    Ba da daɗewa ba iyalin suka koma Sherbrooke, inda mahaifin ya buɗe kuma ya gudanar da ƙaramin kantin sayar da tufafi, "Mozart's." Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare ta Sherbrooke. Steinman ya koma Montreal, inda ya zauna tare da kakanninsa, Nathan da Eva Takefman. Ya sami digiri na farko na kimiyya daga Jami'ar McGill kuma ya sami MD (Magna cum laude)  a shekarar 1968 daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard. Ya kammala aikinsa na horarwa da zama a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts.

 Kyaututtuka 
A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2011, Kwamitin Nobel na Physiology ko Medicine ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya sami rabin kyautar Nobel a Physiology or Medicine, don "bincikewarsa game da kwayar halitta da rawar da take takawa a cikin rigakafin daidaitawa". Sauran rabin ya tafi ga Bruce Beutler da Jules A. Hoffmann, don "bincikewarsu game da kunna rigakafin halitta". Koyaya, kwamitin bai san cewa ya mutu kwana uku da suka gabata ba, a ranar 30 ga Satumba, daga ciwon daji. Wannan ya haifar da rikitarwa, tunda ka'idojin Gidauniyar Nobel sun nuna cewa ba za a ba da kyautar ba bayan mutuwarsa. Bayan shawarwari, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa kamar yadda aka yanke shawarar bayar da kyautar "an yi shi da aminci", ba a canza shi ba, kuma za a ba da kyautar.  

'Yar Steinman ta ce ya yi ba'a a makon da ya gabata tare da iyalinsa game da kasancewa da rai har sai an sanar da kyautar. Steinman ya ce: "Na san dole ne in tsaya don hakan. Ba sa ba ku idan kun mutu. Dole ne in tsaya saboda hakan".

Steinman ya sami wasu kyaututtuka da yawa da kuma karbuwa saboda aikinsa na dindindin a kan sel dendritic, kamar Albert Lasker Award For Basic Medical Research (2007), Gairdner Foundation International Award (2003), da Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji William B. Coley Award (1998). Bugu da kari, an sanya shi memba na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya (Amurka; an zabe shi 2002) da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Amurka.; an zabe shi 2001).

A cikin 2016, garin Sherbrooke, Quebec, inda Steinman ya zauna a lokacin yaro, ya ba da sunan sabon titin Ralph Steinman, don girmama ɗan asalin Sherbrooke kawai da ya lashe kyautar Nobel. 

 Jerin kyaututtuka 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba