Margarete Heymann

Margarete Heymann (10 ga Agusta, 1899 – 11 ga Nuwamba 1990), wacce aka fi sani da Margarete Heymann-Löbenstein, Margarete Heymann-Marks, da Grete Marks, ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Jamus, asalin Bayahudiya, kuma ɗaliba ce a Bauhaus . A shekarar 1923 ta kafa Haël Workshops for Artistic Ceramics a Marwitz wanda ta rufe a shekarar 1933 ta kuma zauna a Urushalima.  Ta ƙaura zuwa Birtaniya a shekarar 1936 ta ci gaba da aikinta, inda ta shahara a duniya da suna "Greta Pottery". Ana ɗaukar mafi kyawun aikinta a matsayin tun lokacin da ta yi aiki a Jamus.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Heymann a shekarar 1899. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Cologne da kuma Kwalejin Dusseldorf kafin ta shiga Makarantar Fasaha ta Bauhaus da ke Weimar a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1920.

 Sana'a 
A shekarar 1923, ta kafa Haël Workshops for Artistic Ceramics a Marwitz tare da mijinta Gustav Loebenstein da ɗan'uwansa Daniel,  inda ta ƙera ƙirar yumbu na zamani . Kamfanin ya ɗauki ma'aikata 120 aiki kuma ya fitar da ayyukansa zuwa London da Amurka.  A watan Agusta na 1928, Gustav Loebenstein da ɗan'uwansa sun mutu a hatsarin mota. Grete Heymann-Loebenstein, wacce a lokacin ita ce uwar yara biyu, ta ci gaba da gudanar da kasuwancin; a shekarar 1930 ta sami damar sanya sabon murhu a aiki.  Duk da haka, Haël Workshops, tare da masana'antar porcelain da yumbu gabaɗaya, sun fuskanci raguwar tallace-tallace mai yawa kuma sun sami asara mai yawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin takardun ma'auni na kamfanin da aka adana na shekarun 1927/28-1932. Juyin da Haël Workshop ke yi a kowace shekara daga sayar da kayayyaki ya ragu daga Reichsmarks (RM) 696,950 a shekarar 1928 zuwa RM 112,095 a shekarar 1932; ribar da aka samu a shekarar 1928 ta kai RM 38,717, a shekarar 1930 littattafan sun kasance daidai, amma a shekarar 1931 an yi asarar RM 24,177, kuma a shekarar 1932 an yi asarar RM 22,283.  A farkon shekarar 1932, an tilasta wa Haël Workshops rage farashinsu da kashi 15%.  A kaka ta shekarar 1932, an wakilci Haël Workshops a bikin baje kolin kasuwanci na Leipzig a karo na karshe.

A ranar 1 ga Yuli 1933, Heymann-Loebenstein ta rufe kasuwancin ta kuma naɗa mai binciken kuɗi na Berlin, Dr. Max Silberstein, a matsayin mai tacewa. Domin ci gaba da riƙe ayyukan ma'aikata, Daraktan masana'antar duwatsu ta Vordamm (wadda ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a madadin masana'antar duwatsu ta Velten-Vordamm wadda ta durƙushe a shekarar 1931) ya fara tattaunawa kuma, zuwa Oktoba 1933, ya cimma yarjejeniya ta farko don sake kafa kamfanin bisa ga hannun jarin hannun jari na Reichsmarks 40,000. Dr. Loebenstein ta taɓa yin aiki a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar Daraktan Kasuwanci na masana'antar duwatsu. Su biyun yanzu suna son yin ƙoƙarin sake kafa kamfanin tare da Mrs. Loebenstein a matsayin Daraktan Fasaha tare da jarin da aka samu. Duk da haka, ta katse tattaunawar ta yi ƙoƙarin kafa sabon kamfani a Urushalima—a watan Oktoba 1933, duk da haka, ya bayyana cewa aikin da ke wurin bai samu wani ci gaba ba kuma ta yi watsi da ra'ayin a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar. [1]

 Manazarta