Robert R. McCormick

Robert Rutherford "Colonel" McCormick (Yuli 30, 1880 - Afrilu 1, 1955) ɗan jarida ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma ɗan kasuwa. Wani memba na dangin McCormick na Chicago, McCormick ya zama lauya, Jamhuriyar Republican Chicago alderman, fitaccen jami'in Sojojin Amurka a yakin duniya na, kuma a ƙarshe mai shi da kuma mai wallafa jaridar Chicago Tribune. Wani babban dan jam'iyyar Republican, McCormick ya yi tsayayya da Sabon Yarjejeniya kuma daga baya ya yi tsayin daka da shigar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Kyautarsa ta haɗa da abin da ke yanzu kungiyar agaji ta McCormick Foundation.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi na kasa da kasa 
An haifi McCormick a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1880, a Birnin Chicago ga Robert Sanderson McCormick (1849-1919) da matarsa, Katherine Van Etta Medill McCormick (1853-1932). Mambobin iyali da sauri sun ba shi lakabi "Bertie" saboda dangi da yawa sun raba sunan, gami da kakansa marigayi Robert McCormick. Kakan mahaifiyarsa shi ne editan Tribune kuma tsohon magajin garin Chicago Joseph Medill, wanda McCormick zai zauna a yawancin rayuwarsa.

A gefen mahaifinsa, kakansa ya kasance mai kirkiro kuma ɗan kasuwa Cyrus McCormick . Babban ɗan'uwansa Joseph Medill McCormick (wanda aka sani da sunansa na tsakiya) an shirya shi don karɓar kasuwancin jaridar iyali, amma ya fi sha'awar yin takarar mukamin siyasa, kuma ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka (1917-1919) sannan kuma Majalisar Dattijan Amurka kafin ya rasa takararsa na wa'adi na biyu kuma ya kashe kansa a Washington, DC a 1925. A halin yanzu, daga 1889 zuwa 1893, Bertie ya rayu yaro mai kaɗaici tare da iyayensa a London. Mahaifinsa Robert Sanderson McCormick ya kasance Sakatare na biyu na Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a London, yana aiki daga 1889 zuwa 1892 a ƙarƙashin Robert Todd Lincoln . Daga baya, mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan kasarsa a Austria-Hungary (1901-1902) da Imperial Russia (1902-1905), kuma ya maye gurbin Horace Porter a matsayin jakada a Faransa a 1905.

 Ayyuka 
An shigar da Robert McCormick a kotun Illinois a cikin 1907. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kafa kamfanin lauya wanda ya zama Kirkland &amp; Ellis, wanda ke wakiltar Kamfanin Tribune. Koyaya, ɗan'uwansa, Medill McCormick, ya yi baƙin ciki bayan ya karɓi mulki da faɗaɗa kasuwancin jaridar iyali, don haka, a cikin 1908, bisa ga shawarar masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Carl Jung, Medill ya bar wannan aikin, kuma Robert ya ƙara shiga cikin kasuwancin wallafe-wallafen iyali. Duk da wannan shiga kasuwanci, wani abin kunya wanda ya haifar da aurensa (duba ƙasa), da kuma aikin soja (wanda ya haifar da shi ya zama sananne da "Kolonel"), McCormick ya ci gaba a matsayin abokin aikin lauya har zuwa 1920.

A cikin 1910, Robert McCormick ya mallaki Chicago Tribune kuma, a cikin 1914, ya zama edita da mai bugawa tare da dan uwansa, Kyaftin Joseph Medill Patterson, wanda shi ne ɗan editan Tribune wanda ya auri 'yar Joseph Medill. A cikin 1919, Patterson, tsohon wakilin Amurka daga Illinois, ya koma Birnin New York kuma ya kafa jaridar New York Daily News . Koyaya shi da McCormick, yayin da sau da yawa ba su yarda ba, tare sun rike mukamai biyu a Chicago Tribune har zuwa 1926, lokacin da McCormck ya ɗauki matsayi biyu a Tribune, kuma Patterson ya mai da hankali kan New York Daily News . 

 Ayyukan soja 
Da ya dawo Amurka a farkon 1915, McCormick ya shiga rundunar tsaron kasa ta Illinois a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1916. Tarihin iyalinsa, ilimi da ƙwararren hawan doki ya haifar da cewa an ba shi izini a matsayin babba jami'i a cikin 1st Cavalry Regiment. Kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, Shugaba Woodrow Wilson ya kira Jami'an Tsaro na Illinois zuwa aikin tarayya, tare da na wasu jihohi da yawa, don yin sintiri a kan iyakar Mexico a lokacin Janar John Joseph Pershing's Punitive Expedition .  McCormick ya bi rundunarsa zuwa iyakar Mexico. Ba da daɗewa ba, Amurka ta shiga yakin, an tattara dukkan masu tsaron kasa na Illinois don hidimar tarayya a Turai. McCormick ya zama wani ɓangare na Sojojin Amurka a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1917, kuma an aika shi zuwa Faransa a matsayin jami'in leken asiri a kan ma'aikatan Janar Pershing . Neman ƙarin aiki, an sanya shi a makarantar bindigogi.

A matsayinsa na mai bugawa ya kasance mai kirkiro sosai. McCormick ya kasance mai mallakar kashi 25 cikin 100 na gidan rediyo na Tribune na 50,000 watt, wanda aka saya a 1924; ya ba shi suna WGN, farkon taken Tribune, "Jaridar Mafi Girma a Duniya". Ya kuma kafa garin Baie-Comeau, Quebec a cikin 1936 kuma ya gina ma'adinin takarda da tashar wutar lantarki mai suna McCormick Dam don samar da wutar lantarki ga ma'adinan.

 Manazarta