Motörhead

Motörhead  ( / m oʊ tə h ɛ d / mo-TAH -head ) ƙungiyar mawaƙa ce ta Ingila da aka kafa a Landan a shekarar 1975 ta hannun mai buga bass kuma babban mawaƙi Lemmy Kilmister, mai buga guitar Larry Wallis da mai buga ganga Lucas Fox . Kilmister shine babban mawaƙin waƙa kuma memba ne kawai na dindindin. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar ƙungiyar a matsayin magabaci ga sabon salon wasan ƙarfe mai nauyi na Burtaniya, wanda ya sake ƙarfafa heavy metal a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 da farkon shekarun 1980.  Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin mawakan guitar da masu buga ganga sun yi wasa a Motörhead, yawancin kundin waƙoƙinsu da waƙoƙinsu da suka fi sayarwa sun haɗa da mai buga ganga Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor da mai buga guitar "Fast" Eddie Clarke . Daga 1992 har zuwa rabuwar ƙungiyar a 2015, ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi Kilmister, mai buga guitar Phil Campbell da mai buga ganga Mikkey Dee .

Motörhead ta fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda 24 na studio, rikodin kai tsaye guda 21, kundin waƙoƙi guda 16 da kuma kundin waƙoƙi guda biyar na EP a tsawon shekaru 40. Yawanci suna cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi uku, sun sami nasara musamman a farkon shekarun 1980 tare da waƙoƙi da yawa masu nasara a cikin jadawalin manyan 40 na Burtaniya . Kundin waƙoƙin Overkill, Bomber (dukansu 1979), Ace of Spades (1980) da kuma, musamman, kundin waƙoƙin kai tsaye No Sleep 'til Hammersmith (1981) sun ƙara wa Motörhead suna a matsayin ƙungiyar mawaƙa mafi girma.  Ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 26 a jerin manyan mawaƙa 100 na VH1 .  A shekarar 2016, ma'aikatan Loudwire sun sanya su a matsayin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta takwas mafi kyau a kowane lokaci.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, ƙungiyar ta sayar da kundin waƙoƙi sama da miliyan 25 a duk duniya. 

An fi sanin Motörhead da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin kiɗa da yawa, musamman ma na thrash metal da kuma na speed metal . Amma Lemmy ya dage cewa su ƙungiyar mawaƙa ce ta rock and roll . Ya ce suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa na punk, amma da sautinsu na musamman, Motörhead ya shahara a fannoni daban-daban na punk da metal. Waƙoƙinsu galibi sun ƙunshi batutuwa kamar yaƙi, nagarta da mugunta, cin zarafin iko, lalata, shan muggan kwayoyi, kuma mafi shahara, caca, jigon ƙarshe shine abin da ya fi daukar hankali a waƙar su mai suna " Ace of Spades ".

Lemmy ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2015 sakamakon bugun zuciya da kuma gazawar zuciya, bayan an gano yana da cutar kansar mafitsara .  Washegari bayan mutuwarsa, Dee da Campbell sun tabbatar da cewa Motörhead ya wargaje. Zuwa shekarar 2018, dukkan mambobi uku na kungiyar Motörhead da aka fi sani da su (Lemmy, Taylor da Clarke) sun mutu.     

 Tarihi 

 1975–1977: Kafa da shekarun farko 
An kori Lemmy daga Hawkwind a watan Mayun 1975 bayan an kama shi a Kanada saboda shan miyagun ƙwayoyi;   ya ce "ƙungiyar ta kore ni saboda yin miyagun ƙwayoyi marasa kyau".  Yanzu da kansa, Lemmy ya yanke shawarar kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna Motörhead, sunan ya samo asali ne daga waƙar ƙarshe da ya rubuta wa Hawkwind. 

Lemmy yana son waƙar ta kasance "mai sauri da mugunta, kamar MC5 ".  Manufarsa ita ce "mai da hankali kan kiɗan da ba shi da sauƙi: mai ƙarfi, mai sauri, birni, mai ƙarfi, mai girman kai, mai tsoro, mai saurin gudu rock n roll ... zai yi ƙarfi sosai har idan muka koma kusa da ku, ciyawar ku za ta mutu".  Ya ɗauki ɗan guitar Larry Wallis (wanda a da yake Pink Fairies ne ) bisa shawarar Mick Farren, bisa ga aikin Wallis tare da ƙungiyar Steve Peregrin Took Shagrat, da Lucas Fox a kan ganguna. A cewar Lemmy, aikin farko na ƙungiyar shine a ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na Sound Management da ya daina aiki, a Kings Road, Chelsea a 1975. Sound Management ta yi hayar yankin ƙasa na shagon kayan daki The Furniture Cave, wanda ke kusa da Lots Road. Kilmister ya ce sun saba satar kayan aiki, saboda ƙungiyar ba ta da kayan aiki.  Hulɗarsu ta farko ita ce goyon bayan Greenslade a The Roundhouse, London a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1975. Burridge, Alan Illustrated Collector's Guide to Motorhead Published: 1995, Collector's Guide Publishing . Used for the line-up numbers as listed in albums in band members section as well as information on recordings and performances. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, bayan sun buga wasanni 10, sun zama mai tallafawa Blue Öyster Cult a Hammersmith Odeon . 

An yi kwangilar ƙungiyar ga United Artists ta hannun Andrew Lauder, ɗan ƙungiyar A&amp;R ta baya a ƙungiyar Lemmy, Hawkwind.  Sun yi rikodin zaman tattaunawa a Rockfield Studios da ke Monmouth tare da furodusa Dave Edmunds, inda Fox ya zama abin dogaro kuma aka maye gurbinsa da mai buga ganga Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor, wanda ya saba da Lemmy's. Kamfanin rikodin su bai gamsu da kayan ba kuma ya ƙi sakin su, kodayake daga baya aka fitar da shi a matsayin On Parole a shekarar 1979 bayan ƙungiyar ta sami ɗan nasara. 

A watan Maris na 1976, bayan sun yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a yi wa 'yan gita biyu gwaji, ƙungiyar ta yi gwajin wani wanda ya san ɗan wasan ganga Taylor mai suna "Fast" Eddie Clarke .  Wallis, wanda ke ci gaba da yawon shakatawa tare da wani ɗan wasan Pink Fairies da aka gyara, ya yi murabus nan da nan bayan gwajin kuma Clarke ya ci gaba da zama ɗan gita guda ɗaya. Waɗannan uku na Lemmy/Clarke/Taylor ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "tsarin gargajiya" na Motörhead.  A watan Disamba, ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin waƙar Holland-Dozier-Holland " Leaving Here " don farkon kamfanin punk rock da pub rock, Stiff Records, amma United Artists ta shiga tsakani don hana fitar da ita gabaɗaya saboda ƙungiyar har yanzu tana ƙarƙashin kwangila da su, duk da ƙin fitar da kundin waƙoƙin nasu na farko. Martanin farko ga ƙungiyar ba su da kyau; sun yi nasara a zaɓen "mafi kyawun ƙungiyar mawaka a duniya" a cikin mujallar kiɗan NME . 

A watan Afrilun 1977, suna zaune a cikin squat kuma ba tare da saninsu ba, Taylor da Clarke sun yanke shawarar barin ƙungiyar, kuma bayan wasu muhawara, sun amince su yi wasan bankwana a Marquee Club da ke Landan. Lemmy ya saba da Ted Carroll daga Chiswick Records kuma ya roƙe shi ya kawo ɗakin studio na wayar hannu zuwa shirin don yin rikodin shi ga 'yan baya. Carroll bai sami damar kai na'urar wayar hannu zuwa Marquee Club a ranar 1 ga Afrilun 1977 ba,  amma ya bayyana a bayan dandamali bayan an yi bikin kuma ya ba su kwanaki biyu a Escape Studios tare da furodusa Speedy Keen don yin rikodin guda ɗaya. Ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da damar, kuma maimakon yin rikodin guda ɗaya, sai suka ajiye waƙoƙi 11 da ba a kammala ba. Carroll ya ba su ƙarin kwanaki a Olympic Studios don kammala waƙoƙin kuma ƙungiyar ta kammala waƙoƙi 13 don fitarwa a matsayin kundin waƙoƙi.  Chiswick ta fitar da waƙar " Motorhead " a watan Yuni, sannan ta biyo baya da kundi Motörhead a watan Agusta, wanda ya shafe mako guda a jadawalin kundin waƙoƙin Burtaniya a lamba 43. Burridge, Alan Illustrated Collector's Guide to Motorhead Published: 1995, Collector's Guide Publishing . Used for the line-up numbers as listed in albums in band members section as well as information on recordings and performances.  Ƙungiyar ta yi rangadin Birtaniya tana goyon bayan Hawkwind a watan Yuni, sannan daga ƙarshen watan Yuli suka fara "Beyond the Threshold of Pain Tour" tare da Count Bishops,  ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ke samun shahara a farkon wasan kwaikwayo na punk rock da pub rock.

A watan Agusta, Tony Secunda ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin ƙungiyar, kuma haɗin kai ya zama abin da ba shi da tabbas har zuwa Maris 1978, Clarke da Taylor suka kafa kuma suka yi wasa a matsayin Muggers tare da Speedy Keen da Billy Rath na ƙungiyar punk ta Amurka The Heartbreakers . 
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