Magungunan Yarbawa

Maganin Yarabawa, ko egbòogi, tsarin gargajiya ne na Yarabawa wanda ake amfani da shi musamman a Yammacin Afirka da Caribbean .

 Falsafofin asali 
A cewar AD Buckley, maganin Yaraba yana da manyan kamanceceniya da maganin gargajiya ta hanyar ma'anar cewa babban aikinta shine kashe ko korar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ko kwari daga jiki ( kòrò da kuma tsutsotsi ( àràn ) waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ƙananan jakunkuna a cikin jiki. Ga Yarabawa, duk da haka, waɗannan kwari da tsutsotsi suna yin ayyuka masu amfani a cikin jiki mai lafiya, suna taimakawa narkewar abinci, haihuwa, da sauransu. Duk da haka, idan sun yi ƙarfi sosai a cikin jiki, dole ne a sarrafa su, a kashe su ko a kore su da tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗano masu ɗaci waɗanda ke cikin magunguna. Maganin Yaraba ya bambanta da maganin homeopathy, wanda ke amfani da sinadaran magani waɗanda ke kwaikwayon alamun cututtuka . Maimakon haka, kamar maganin Orthodox na yau da kullun, yana ƙoƙarin lalata abubuwan da ke haifar da cuta. Anthony D Buckley Yoruba Medicine, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1985 (Amaury Talbot Prize for African Anthropology 1985) 2nd edition, Athelia Henrietta Press, New York 1997 Ch2 

Buckley ya yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayoyin gargajiya na Yarubanci game da jikin ɗan adam sun samo asali ne daga siffar tukunyar girki, wadda ke iya zubar da ruwa. Jikin mace yana cika da haɗari amma dole sau ɗaya a wata; kwari da tsutsotsi a cikin jiki na iya cika "jakunkunan" su a cikin jiki idan aka ba su abinci mai "zaƙi" (mai daɗi). Ana fahimtar gidan ta hanya ɗaya. Yayin da masu cutar ke cika jakar su, jinin haila a jikin mace, da man dabino a tukunyar girki, haka nan mata a gidan aure ke cika da ruwa su koma gidajensu. 

Baya ga amfani da tsire-tsire masu ɗaci don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da tsutsotsi, masu maganin gargajiya na Yaraba suna kuma amfani da sihiri ( ọfọ ) a cikin magunguna don kawo sa'a ( àwúre ), misali, don kawo kuɗi ko soyayya. Sihiri na magani yana kama da waƙoƙin yabo da aka yi wa mutane ko alloli: manufarsu ita ce ta farkar da ƙarfin sinadaran da ke ɓoye a cikin maganin. Yawancin sihiri na magani suna amfani da wani nau'i na wasan kwaikwayo, kama da bugun zuciya, don tayar da halayen tsire-tsire da sunan shukar ke nunawa. 

Masu ra'ayin gargajiya na Yaraba sun yi iƙirarin cewa Orùnmìlà ya koya wa mutane al'adun duba, addu'a, rawa, alamu na alama, na mutum, da kuma ɗaukaka al'umma. Sun yi imanin cewa ya kuma shawarci mutanensa game da wanka na ruhaniya, tunani na ciki, da kuma maganin ganye musamman.

 Takaddama 

 Haɗaka 
Oyelakin suggests that the major difference between Yorùbá medicine and orthodox medicine is that the former is homeopathic in nature while the later is allopathic.

Ya ci gaba da cewa hanyar gargajiya ta maganin cututtuka ta dogara ne akan abin da ya kira "ƙa'ida akasin haka,"wanda ya bayyana cewa: ya kamata a yi maganin cututtuka da cututtuka da sinadarai masu haifar da illa waɗanda suka saba wa waɗanda cututtukan da ake yi wa magani suka nuna .Wannan nau'in aikin yana da alaƙa da kawar da alamun cutar. Duk da haka, a cewar Makinde :Maganin wata cuta shine amfani da abin da aka hana kamuwa da irin wannan cutar, wanda idan ya gani dole ne ya ɓace. M. Akin MakindeAfrican philosophy, culture, and traditional medicine Athens, Ohio, Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1988 An ce maganin homeopathic ya fi damuwa da gano musabbabin rashin lafiya da cututtuka a ƙoƙarin dawo da daidaiton tsarin halittu. Duk da cewa da'awar cewa hanyoyin allopathic, wanda maganin gargajiya ya zama nau'i, yana da mahimmanci ne kawai don kawar da alamun maimakon damuwa da gano da kawar da musabbabin rashin lafiya ba gaskiya ba ne gaba ɗaya (misali, alaƙar da ke tsakanin cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da jima'i na yau da kullun), masu bin homeopathic za su ba da shawarar cewa maganin Yoruba yana da ayyuka uku daban-daban: Kawar da alamun cutar,
 Gano da kuma kawar da musabbabin rashin lafiyar, da kuma
 Kula da daidaiton jiki a cikin majiyyaci. Kola AbimbolaYoruba Culture: A Philosophical Account (ed Paperback), Iroko Academic Publishers, 2005 

 Lafiya Mai Kyau 
A cikin rubutunsa na " Al'adun Yarabawa " Kola Abimbola ya bayyana cewa domin a sami waraka ta hanyar maganin Yarabawa, dole ne a bi wasu sharuɗɗa. Misali, likitan zai yi sha'awar abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya. Don yin wannan, akwai buƙatar fahimtar tsarin jikin ɗan adam. A gare shi, mutum yana da sassa biyu waɗanda ya bayyana a matsayin "jiki" da "ruhi".Idan aka yi la'akari da jikin mutum, hankalinsa, motsin zuciyarsa, da kuma rayuwar ruhaniya, lafiyar jiki ta gaba ɗaya ta haɗa mafi kyawun dabarun ganewar asali da sa ido na zamani tare da tsoffin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya da sabbin hanyoyin. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da abinci na halitta da magungunan ganye, ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, motsa jiki, shakatawa, shawarwari na ruhaniya, tunani, motsa jiki na numfashi, da sauran ayyukan daidaita kai. Ba wai kawai yana magance alamun ba, har ma da dukkan mutum, da kuma yanayin rayuwarsa ta yanzu, gami da iyali, aiki, da rayuwar addini. Yana mai da hankali kan rigakafi, kula da lafiya, lafiya mai girma da tsawon rai. Yana kallon abokin ciniki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a cikin tsarin warkarwa, maimakon kawai mai karɓar "kula da lafiya." Nan da nan, holism na mutum, muhalli, da na al'adu daban-daban, ya zama sabon tsarin kiwon lafiya na ƙarni na 21. 

 Òrìṣà a maganin Yarbawa 
Al'ada ta nuna cewa Oriṣa da yawa (alloli/alloli) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar Yarabawa a wannan nau'in magani. Kuma wannan "Ọsányín/Ọsáín," wanda aka fi sani da 'mai raɗa,' ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin Orìṣà a cikin maganin Yarabawa.

Ana danganta ƻ̀sáín da iko a kan dukkan ganyayen daji, kuma yawancin masu aikin lambu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi kyawun mai maganin ganye da ya taɓa rayuwa. A Afirka akwai ganyaye da tsire-tsire da yawa da za a iya amfani da su wajen warkarwa, har ma wanda ke da "ido mai horo" ne kawai zai iya cin gajiyar ayyukansu. Misali, kodayake shuke-shuke da ganyaye suna da tasirin magani kawai, suna da tasirin sihiri.

Ana cewa "Oniṣegun" ƙwararre ne a fannin ilimin tsirrai na gida, yana da "sanin yadda" ga ganye da shuke-shuke da kuma tattara ganye da shuke-shuke da suka dace don manufar da ta dace. Wasu shuke-shuken ana tattara su ne a wasu lokutan rana ko dare. Ana nufin a fallasa wasu shuke-shuke ga addu'o'in da ake buƙata da kuma aiwatar da hadayu domin samun sakamako mai kyau. Kamar yadda aka faɗa a baya, akwai Oriṣa da yawa, kowannensu yana da halayensa na zahiri da kuma halayensa na ganye, wani lokacin kuma yana haɗe da juna. Tariq Sawandi. Yorubic Medicine: The Art of divine Herbology . Scrbd

An ce Ifá yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cimma burin kowace hanyar waraka.
Orishas Halaye Rubuce-rubucen Jiki Ganye (Ewe) Orunmila Babban Firist na Yaraba kuma mai kula da Ifa Oracle, ana kyautata zaton tushen ilimi yana da kyakkyawar ilimin Siffar Ɗan Adam, Tsarkaka, da Maganin Cututtuka da Nakasa. Firistoci ko mabiyansa da ke ƙarƙashinsa su ne Babalawo . Skullcap, Sage, Kola goro, Basil, Hyssop, Blue Vervain, White Willow, Valerian Èsù ko Elegbara Sau da yawa ba a fassara shi daidai ba a matsayin "Shaidan" ko "Mugun Halitta", Èsù ba ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ba ne amma an fi kiransa da "Mai Zamba" wanda ke nuna ɓacin rai ga waɗanda ba sa girmama ko kuma waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin "ba su san" abubuwan da ke kewaye da su ba. Haka kuma ana kiransa da "manzon Allah"; babban mai sasantawa tsakanin ƙarfi mara kyau da nagari a jiki; mai aiwatar da "dokar zama". Kuma ana cewa yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙarfin da ake samu daga magungunan ganye. tsarin juyayi mai tausayi Duk Ganye Ogun Allahntakar ƙarfe da ƙarfe. zuciya, koda ( ƙwayoyin adrenal ), jijiyoyi, da jijiyoyin jini Eucalyptus, Alfalfa, Hawthorn, Bloodroot, Parsley, Motherwort, Tafarnuwa Yemọja A zahiri, 'yan gargajiya na Yarabawa suna ɗaukar Uwar Kifi a matsayin Uwar Ruwa, Mai Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa. A cewar Olorisas, ita ce ruwan amniotic a cikin mahaifar mace mai juna biyu, da kuma nonuwanta da ke renon su. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin kuzarin kariya na ƙarfin mata. mahaifa, hanta, nono, gindi Kelp, Squawvine, Cohosh, Dandelion, Yarrow, Aloe, Spirulina, Mints, Passion Plower, Wild Dom Root Oṣun Matar tsohon Oba na Oyo mai suna Ṣango (wani Oriṣa na Yarbawa da aka ambata a ƙasa) an ce ta zama kogi a Oṣogbo. Masana tarihi na Yarbawa sun danganta da sha'awarta, kyawunta, da kuma kyawunta, wanda ke nuna neman haske da motsin da Yarbawa ke yi. Tana da alaƙa da iko da dama, ciki har da iyawar warkarwa da ruwan sanyi, haifar da haihuwa da kuma yanayin mace. Mata suna roƙonta don haihuwa da kuma rage matsalolin mata. Al'adun Yarbawa sun bayyana ta a matsayin mai son jarirai kuma ana neman taimakonta idan jariri ya yi rashin lafiya. Oṣun a al'adun Yarbawa kuma an san ta da son zuma. tsarin jijiyoyin jini, gabobin narkewar abinci, tsarin kawarwa, yankin gaba (mace) Yellow Dock, Burdock, Cinnamon, Damiana, Anise, Rasberi, Yarrow, Chamomile, Lotus, Uva-Ursi, Buchu, Myrrh, Echinacea Sango Yana da alaƙa da Ƙarfin Jiki, Namiji, Wuta, Walƙiya, Duwatsu, Mai Kariya/Jarumi, da kuma maganadisu. Ana cewa yana da ikon canza abu mai tushe zuwa abin da yake da tsarki da daraja. Shi ne Babban / Alaafin Oyo . Ya samo sunansa daga laƙabinsa na Oba Koso daga tarihin rashin mutuwa. tsarin haihuwa (namiji), ƙashi, ƙarfin rai ko toka Plantain, Saw Palmetto, Hibiscus, Fo-ti, Sarsaparilla, Nettles, Cayenne Oya Wata matar tsohon Alaafin na Oyo mai suna Tango (wani Oriṣa na Yarbawa da aka ambata a sama) da aka ce ta koma Kogin Neja ana kiranta da Guguwa, Mai Kula da Makabarta, Iskar Sauyi, Guguwa, Ci gaba, yawanci tana tare da mijinta Tango. A ra'ayin Yarbawa, ita ce Orisha ta sake haihuwa domin abubuwa dole ne su mutu domin sabbin abubuwa su taso. huhu, hanyoyin numfashi, ƙwayoyin mucous Mullein, Comfrey, Cherrybark, Tushen Pleurisy, Elecampane, Horehound, Chickweed

 Lakabi da Tsaruka 
Wani "Oníṣègùn" yana nufin masanin tsiro, "Oloóògùn" ɗaya ne daga cikin kalmomi da yawa na likitan likita, kuma "Babaláwo" shine firist/ firist.

Baya ga nazarin alamun majiyyaci, Olóògún, yana neman dalilan motsin rai da na ruhaniya na cutar don kwantar da hankalin mummunan tasirin (ajogun) kuma daga nan ne kawai zai ba da shawarar maganin da ya ga ya dace. Wannan na iya haɗawa da ganye a cikin nau'in jiko, enema, da sauransu. A cikin maganin Yarabawa suna kuma amfani da rawa, wanka na ruhaniya, hadaya ta alama, waƙa/addu'a, da canza abinci don taimakawa wajen warkar da marasa lafiya. Sun kuma yi imani cewa magani na gaskiya da cikakken bayani zai iya zama canjin 'sani' inda mutum zai iya gane tushen matsalar da kansa kuma ya nemi kawar da ita. Cutar ga Yarabawa ana ɗaukarta a matsayin katse alaƙarmu da Duniya. Olóògún galibi firist ne ko firist, ko kuma yana cikin wata al'umma mai kama da ƙungiya da ke ɓoye a cikin iyakokin ƙabilu. Ko da samun ilimi a fannin likitanci na iya buƙatar zama farkon ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan al'ummomin. Ra'ayin duniya game da firist ya ƙunshi horo da horo don fassara abubuwan da ke nuna yanayin daidaitawar majiyyaci da batutuwan da suka sani da waɗanda ba a gane su ba, da kuma tare da wasu ƙarfi da halittu na waje waɗanda ke zaune a cikin mulkinmu kuma suna buƙatar hangen nesa na ciki da hikimar firist don fassarawa.

Yarabawa sun yi imani sosai da magungunan rigakafi. Suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a yadda suke hulɗa da magungunan zamani na yammacin duniya. A cewar kwararrun likitoci, idan muka saurari jikinmu za su ba mu shiri da kuma ilimin da ya dace da muke buƙata don mu dawo da daidaitonmu da muhallinmu na yanzu.

 Nassoshi 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba