Shōji Hamada

Shōji Hamada (濱田 庄司, Hamada Shōji; December 9, 1894 – January 5, 1978) was a Japanese potter. He had a significant influence on studio pottery of the twentieth century, and a major figure of the mingei (folk-art) movement, establishing the town of Mashiko as a pottery centre. In 1955 he was designated a "Living National Treasure".

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Hamada a Kawasaki, Japan, a shekara ta 1894, kuma an sa mata suna Shoji  .

Bayan ya kammala karatunsa a babbar makarantar sakandare ta Hibiya, ya yi karatun yumbu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tokyo, wacce a lokacin ake kira Tokyo Industrial College  tare da Kawai Kanjirō a ƙarƙashin Itaya Hazan . A matsayin ɗaliban makarantar da ke sha'awar zama masu zane-zane da tukwane, Hamada da Kawai sun zama abokai ba da daɗewa ba, suna yawon shakatawa a birnin don neman wahayi.   Sun yi aiki tare a Kyoto a tsohuwar cibiyar Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Birnin Kyoto  inda suka yi gwaji kan gilashi ta amfani da ma'adanai daban-daban. Yanagi Sōetsu da Tomimoto Kenkichi sun saba da su yayin da suke ziyartar tukwane da baje kolin kayan gini.

Hamada ta yi matuƙar mamakin wani baje kolin fasahar yumbu a Tokyo da Bernard Leach, wanda a lokacin yake zaune tare da Yanagi Sōetsu, ya rubuta wa Leach yana neman gabatarwa.  Su biyun sun sami abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya kuma sun zama abokai na kud da kud, har Hamada ta nemi kuma aka ba ta izinin raka Leach zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1920 lokacin da na biyun ya yanke shawarar komawa ya kafa tukwane a can. 

Hamada da Leach sun kasance masu tasiri a taron karawa juna sani na Pottery a Kwalejin Black Mountain a shekarar 1952, wanda matasa da kuma fitattun masana tukwane suka halarta daga baya.

 Tukwane a Mashiko 
Bayan ya shafe shekaru uku a St Ives tare da Bernard Leach, ya koma Japan a shekarar 1923 ya yi tafiya zuwa wuraren yin tukwane kuma ya zauna a Tsuboya a yankin Okinawa na tsawon makonni, sannan daga ƙarshe ya kafa wurin aikin sa a Mashiko, kimanin 100 kilometres (62 mi) arewa maso gabashin Tokyo. A nan, ya gina tukunyar kansa kuma ya sadaukar da kansa ga amfani da kayan da aka samo daga gida kawai, ba kawai a cikin yumbun da ya yi amfani da shi ba, har ma da gilashin da ya ƙirƙira da kuma goge-goge da ya ƙera da kansa daga gashin kare da bamboo. [1]

A shekarar 1955, gwamnatin Japan ta naɗa shi " Taskar Ƙasa Mai Rai ", karo na farko ga wani daga fannin sana'o'i. A shekarar da ta gabata a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1954, an yi wa Dokar Kare Kadarorin Al'adu kwaskwarima, kuma an amince da sabuwar dokar da ke Kula da Muhimman Kadarorin Al'adu marasa Tasiri (Jūyō Mukei Bunkazai Hojisha) a watan Nuwamba saboda sharuɗɗan da kuma bayanan amincewa. 

 Manazarta