Mary Gould Almy

Mary Gould Almy (1735–1808) marubuciya ce a lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka . Ta zauna a Newport, Rhode Island, inda take gudanar da gidan kwanan dalibai. Ta ajiye wani littafi a shekarar 1778 wanda ke rubuta abubuwan da suka faru kafin yakin Rhode Island . Duk da cewa tana da ra'ayoyin Loyalist, mijinta ya yi yaƙi don Sojojin Nahiyar .

Ainihin kwafin mujallarta yana hannun ɗakin karatu na Redwood da Athenaeum na Newport. An fara buga ta shekaru 100 bayan ta rubuta ta. Masanin tarihin jiragen ruwa John B. Hattendorf ya buga wani sigar mujallar da aka rubuta dalla-dalla a cikin 2018.

 Rayuwar farko da iyali 
An haifi Mary Gould a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1735, a Newport, Rhode Island, ita ce ta huɗu cikin 'ya'ya takwas na Mary (née Rathbone)  da kuma malamin makaranta James Gould (wanda ya rasu a 1768). Iyalinsu Quakers ne kuma mahaifinta ya gaji dukiya mai yawa. An ce halin kashe kuɗi da yake yi yana da yawa, kuma bashin da aka ɗora masa a gadonsa ya bar wa 'ya'yansa kaɗan bayan ya mutu. 

Mary jikanyar Walter Clarke ce, wanda ya taɓa zama Gwamnan Yankin Rhode Island da Providence Plantations .  'Yan'uwanta uku sun ɓace a teku. [  name="Hattendorf2018"  'Yar'uwarta Patience ta auri Augustus Johnston, wanda ke rarraba tambari a lokacin Dokar Tambari ta 1765 mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce.

Ta auri Benjamin Almy, ɗan Anglican, a shekara ta 1762 a Cocin Trinity na Newport.  Suna da 'ya'ya takwas.

 Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali 
Almy ta kasance mai biyayya ga Allah . Ta yi maraba da mamayar da Birtaniya ta yi wa Newport a watan Disamba na 1776  kuma ta raina Faransawa saboda zato cewa za su iya "mulkin sarakunan teku". 

A kusan shekara ta 1775, 'yan kishin ƙasa na Amurka suka kwace gidan Jahleel Brenton Townhouse, wani babban gida da ke kan titin Thames mallakar Jahleel Brenton .  Iyalan Almy sun zauna a can kuma Almy yana da gidan kwana a cikin gidan daga kusan shekara ta 1778 har zuwa 1790.  

A watan Yulin 1778, mijin Almy ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin Nahiyar. Yayin da mata a wasu wurare a yankunan mulkin mallaka ke fuskantar wulakanci kuma aka hukunta su saboda goyon bayan Tories, matsayin Almy a matsayin matar wani sojan Nahiyar da kuma dogaro da mijinta bisa doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin kadarori na wannan lokacin na iya kare ta daga cin zarafi ko hukunci. 

 Mujallar Almy ta 1778 
Almy ta fara rubuta littafin abubuwan da suka faru a Newport a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1778, wanda ya yi daidai da isowar rundunar sojojin Faransa ta Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing . An rubuta abubuwan da ke cikin littafinta ga mijinta kuma an rubuta juyayinta ga Loyalist, wahalhalun da iyalinta suka fuskanta a lokacin da aka kewaye Newport, da kuma fatanta ga lafiya da nasarar mijinta. 

Mujallar Almy ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka faru a Newport kafin yaƙin Rhode Island a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1778. A lokacin bazara, sojojin Birtaniya da ke cikin birnin da kewaye sun yi wa rundunar sojojin ƙasa da ƙasa da rundunar sojojin Faransa kawanya. Bayan da jiragen ruwan Faransa suka fara harba wasu sassan Newport a ranar 7 ga Agusta, Almy ta jagoranci mahaifiyarta da 'ya'yanta zuwa wani gida a wajen garin da ta yi haya inda za su iya zama lafiya.  

Bayan Yaƙin Rhode Island na watan Agusta na 1778, Almy ta kammala littafinta. Daga baya ta ba wa wata ƙawarta umarni cewa 'yar uwarta ce kawai ya kamata ta karanta shi. 

 Rayuwa daga baya 
Almy ta ci gaba da gudanar da gidan kwananta daga gidan Jahleel Brenton bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali. Thomas Jefferson ya kasance baƙo a Almy's a watan Yunin 1784. Baƙon da ya fi shahara shi ne George Washington, wanda ya kwana a can a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1790, a lokacin tafiyarsa zuwa Tsibirin Rhode. Almy ta ceci murfin gadon siliki daga gadon da Washington ke kwana. 

A kusan shekara ta 1797, mai zane Edward Greene Malbone ya yi wani ƙaramin hoton Almy mai launin ruwa, wanda aka zana a kan hauren giwa. 

Almy ta mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1808, a Newport.  An binne ta a Filin Binne na Jama'a na Newport.

 Buga mujallarta 
A matsayin wani littafi na tarihi, mujallar Almy tana da mahimmanci wajen samar da hangen nesa na mace mai aminci da kuma mahallin shigar Newport cikin juyin juya halin Amurka. 

Mujallar Almy ta shiga hannun jikanta Conrad C. Ellery. Ya yi kwafin mujallar a shekarar 1878, yana gyara haruffa da nahawu, sannan ya ba da gudummawar mujallar ga Laburare na Redwood da Athenaeum a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1878. An buga mujallar a fitowar farko ta Mujallar Tarihi ta Newport a watan Yulin 1880. Ellery kuma ta buga mujallar a shekarar 1881. Newport Mercury ta buga mujallar Almy a sassa huɗu a watan Satumbar 1917. An kuma buga mujallar a cikin littafin Elizabeth Evans na 1975 mai suna Weathering the Storm: Women of the American Revolution . A shekarar 2018, masanin tarihin jiragen ruwa John B. Hattendorf ya buga mujallar Mary Gould Almy, wani sigar da aka rubuta tarihin mujallar Almy ta asali. Yana ɗaukar mujallar Almy a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman takardu na tarihin Newport a lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka.

An riƙe ainihin rubutun a ɗakin karatu na Redwood da Athenaeum na Newport. 

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