Alexa Canady

Alexa Irene Canady (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1950) tsohuwar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa ce ta Amurka, malamar likitanci, kuma mai fafutukar kare lafiyar jama'a. Ita ce mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko a Amurka da ta sami takardar shaidar hukumar kula da cututtukan jijiyoyin kwakwalwa.  A shekarar 1987, an nada ta a matsayin shugabar tiyatar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa a Asibitin Yara na Michigan, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2001.  Baya ga aikin tiyatar da ta fara, Canady kuma farfesa ce a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar masu haɓaka tsarin hana siphon shunt don maganin hydrocephalus. 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Alexa Irene Canady a Lansing, Michigan a shekarar 1950 ga Clinton Canady Jr., likitan haƙori, tsohuwar tsohuwar soja a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Fisk da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Meharry . Mahaifiyarta, Elizabeth Hortense Canady, malami ce kuma shugabar kare haƙƙin jama'a wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙasa ta 18 ta Delta Sigma Theta Sorority kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa Gidauniyar Bincike da Ilimi ta Delta.  Iyaye biyu sun jaddada mahimmancin juriya, ladabi, da ilimi, dabi'un da suka dasa wa Alexa da ƙanenta, Clint Canady III. Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 119: 92–94. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013. Retrieved July 29, 2025.

Duk da fuskantar wariyar launin fata a lokacin karatunta na farko, Canady ta yi fice a fannin ilimi kuma ta kammala karatunta da girmamawa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lansing Everett a shekarar 1967, inda aka karrama ta a matsayin dalibar Nasara ta Ƙasa. Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 119: 92–94. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013. Retrieved July 29, 2025.

Ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Michigan  kuma da farko ta yi karatun digiri a fannin lissafi amma daga baya ta koma fannin ilmin dabbobi bayan wani lokaci na rashin tabbas game da alkiblar karatunta. Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 119: 92–94. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013. Retrieved July 29, 2025. A shekarar 1971, ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya kuma ta zama memba na Delta Sigma Theta . "The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta". Watch the Yard. February 21, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2025. A lokacin kwaleji, shiga cikin shirin bazara na ɗaliban tsiraru a fannin likitanci ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa shawararta ta neman aikin likita. 

Canady ta kammala karatun digiri na farko tare da MD daga Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1975 kuma an shigar da ita cikin Alpha Omega Alpha, ƙungiyar girmamawa ta likitanci ta ƙasa. Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 119: 92–94. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013. Retrieved July 29, 2025. "The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta". Watch the Yard. February 21, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2025.
alt=Medical Science Building II and Buhl Research Center, University of Michigan Medical Campus, Ann Arbor|thumb|Cibiyar Bincike ta Kimiyyar Lafiya ta II da Buhl, Jami'ar Michigan Medical Campus, Ann Arbor

 Sana'a 
alt=Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Troy campus|thumb|Asibitin Yara na Michigan, harabar Troy.
Bayan ta sami digirin digirgir, Canady ta fara karatun digiri na biyu da aikin tiyata a Asibitin Yale-New Haven daga 1975 zuwa 1976. Da farko, Canady ta fuskanci wahala wajen samun damar yin aikin tiyata.  Duk da fuskantar wariyar launin fata - gami da korar ta daga wasu a matsayin "kunshin damar daidai gwargwado" - ta sami girmamawa daga abokan aikinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu horon asibiti. "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady". National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2025.

Ta ci gaba da kammala karatunta na tiyatar jijiyoyi a Jami'ar Minnesota a shekarar 1981, inda ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta fara horo kuma ta cancanci shiga fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi. 

Canady ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a Asibitin Henry Ford da ke Detroit kafin ta shiga Asibitin Yara na Michigan, inda ta kafa tarihi. A shekarar 1984, ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta samu takardar shaidar aikin tiyatar jijiyoyi. A shekarar 1987, an naɗa ta shugabar tiyatar jijiyoyi a Asibitin Yara, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2001. "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady". National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2025.

Bayan ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001 ta koma Florida, Canady ta sami buƙatar likitan tiyatar jijiyoyin yara a Asibitin Sacred Heart na Pensacola, wanda babu ko ɗaya. Saboda haka, Canady ta fito daga ritaya ta taimaka wajen haɓaka sashen tiyatar jijiyoyin yara a Asibitin Sacred Heart na Pensacola har sai da aka kammala shi a shekara ta 2012, lokacin da ta yi ritaya a hukumance. 

Baya ga ayyukanta na asibiti, Canady ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne,  inda ta taimaka wajen horar da sabbin likitocin tiyatar jijiyoyi da kuma ba da gudummawa ga binciken tiyatar jijiyoyi na yara da ci gaban ilimi.
alt=Exterior view of Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit|thumb|Asibitin Henry Ford da ke Detroit, Michigan — ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na ilimi a Midwest.

 Bincike da kirkire-kirkire 
Aikin binciken Canady ya mayar da hankali kan lahani na kashin baya da aka haifa, hydrocephalus, ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, da raunin kai. "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady". National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2025. Ita ce mai ƙirƙira tsarin hana siphon da za a iya tsarawa wanda aka tsara don magance hydrocephalus,  yanayin da yawan ruwan cerebrospinal ke taruwa a cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa. Na'urar ta ba da damar daidaita matsin lamba ba tare da ƙarin tiyata ba kuma ta taimaka wajen rage matsalolin da ke tattare da yawan magudanar ruwa. Ya haɗa da hanyoyin hana siphon da fasalulluka na shirye-shirye waɗanda suka ba da damar kula da ruwan cerebrospinal mafi aminci da keɓaɓɓu ga marasa lafiya na yara. 

An ba da izinin mallakar na'urar a shekarar 2000 kuma aka ba ta ga Jami'ar Jihar Wayne,  inda Canady ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa kuma shugabar sashen tiyatar jijiyoyin yara. 
alt=Old Main building at Wayne State University|thumb|Tsohon Babban Gini a Jami'ar Wayne State da ke Detroit, Michigan.

 Tunani 
Waɗannan kalamai masu zuwa sun ƙunshi muhimman jigogi daga tunani da hirarrakin Dr. Canady, kamar yadda aka samu a cikin tarihin rayuwarta ta Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa :

 Gado da tasiri 
Aikin Dr. Canady a matsayin mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta fara aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa ya taimaka wajen ƙara gani da wakilci a fannonin tiyatar jijiyoyi da ilimin likitanci . "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady". National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2025. Nasarorin da ta samu sun magance bambance-bambancen launin fata da jinsi na dogon lokaci, suna ƙarfafa ƙananan tsiraru da ba su da wakilci sosai su shiga aikin likitanci, musamman fannonin tiyata .  A cikin aikinta a fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi na yara, ta ba da fifiko ga kulawa mai mayar da hankali kan marasa lafiya kuma ta tallafa wa horar da ɗaliban likitanci da mazauna wurin.  "The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta". Watch the Yard. February 21, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2025.

 Ritaya da kuma shekarun baya 
Bayan ta yi ritaya daga shugabancinta a Detroit a shekarar 2001, Canady ta koma Pensacola, Florida tare da mijinta, tsohon soja a rundunar sojojin ruwa. Duk da cewa da farko ta yi niyyar yin ritaya gaba daya, karancin likitocin jijiyoyin yara a yankin ya sa ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan Asibitin Sacred Heart (Pensacola) na ɗan lokaci. Ta ci gaba da ba da kulawa har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya gaba daya a shekarar 2012.

Da take tunani game da aikinta, Canady ta lura cewa bayan ta janye daga aikin likitanci ne ta fara fahimtar tasirin nasarorin da ta samu ga mata da kuma 'yan Afirka da ke kallonta a matsayin wadda ta fi kowa iya jagoranci.
alt=Historic Sacred Heart Hospital in Pensacola, Florida|thumb|An kammala ginin Asibitin Historic Sacred Heart da ke Pensacola, Florida a shekarar 1915 kuma an sanya shi a cikin Rijistar Wurare na Tarihi na Ƙasa.

 A cikin al'adun jama'a 
Alexa I. Canady ta shahara a cikin shirin buɗe ƙofofin karatu na ƙasa na Laburaren Magunguna : Zamantakewa na ƙwararrun likitocin Afirka ta Amurka . 

 Lambobin yabo da girmamawa 
Kyauta Ƙungiya Shekara Bayanan kula Bayani Malamin Shekara Asibitin Yara na Michigan 1984 Abokan aiki sun amince da shi saboda ilimin likitanci Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 119: 92–94. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013. Retrieved July 29, 2025. Kyautar Candace don Kimiyya Hadin Kan Ƙasa na Mata Baƙaƙe 100 1986 Don nasarorin da suka samu a fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi  Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Michigan Cibiyar Tarihi ta Mata ta Michigan da kuma Zauren Shahara 1989 Mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta fara aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa  Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa Ƙungiyar Matan Likitoci ta Amurka 1993 Amincewa da ƙwarewarta ta likitanci  Kyautar Sabis Mai Kyau Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Jihar Wayne 1994 Muhimmin gudummawa ga aikin tiyatar jijiyoyi  Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Jinƙai Jami'ar Detroit Mercy 1997 Don hidimar jama'a da jagorancin likita  Digirin girmamawa na Kimiyya Jami'ar Jihar Kudancin Connecticut 1999 Don gudunmawa ga likitancin ilimi  Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Jinƙai Jami'ar Roosevelt 2014 Gado a fannin ilimi mai zurfi  Wanda aka karrama a watan Tarihin Baƙar fata Nickelodeon 2015 Jakar gajeriyar waka tana murnar gadonta 

 Jagoranci, membobinsu, da kuma sanin ƙwarewa 
Matsayi / Memba Ƙungiya Bayanan kula Shekara(s) Ambato Shugaban tiyatar jijiyoyi Asibitin Yara na Michigan Jagoranci babban sashen tiyatar jijiyoyin yara a wani babban asibiti na ilimi 1987–2001 Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 119: 92–94. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013. Retrieved July 29, 2025. Farfesa na tiyatar jijiyoyi Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Jihar Wayne Ya koyar da mazauna wurin tiyata da ɗaliban likitanci yayin da yake aiki a matsayin shugaban asibiti 1987–2001  Memba Majalisar Likitocin Jijiyoyi Ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta ƙasa don likitocin jijiyoyin jini nd "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady". National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2025. Memba Ƙungiyar Kula da Jijiyoyin Jiki na Yara Mai da hankali kan kula da jijiyoyin yara da tiyata nd  Memba Ƙungiyar Likitocin Jijiyoyi ta Amurka Babbar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun likitocin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ta Amurka nd 

 Littattafai da aka zaɓa 
Shekara Lakabi Mujallar Jarida Marubutan haɗin gwiwa Bayanan kula 2000 Hydrocephalus da Kaolin ya haifar a cikin hamster: Jerin canje-canje na ɗan lokaci a cikin matsin lamba na intracranial, ventriculomegaly, da nauyi na musamman na kwakwalwa gaba ɗaya Gwajin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi Ding Y, Yao B, Canady AI, Wilber GP Tsarin dabbobi na hydrocephalus da yanayin motsa jiki na intracranial . 2001 Lalacewar axonal da ke da alaƙa da faɗaɗa ventricles yayin hydrocephalus: Nazarin shigar azurfa Binciken Jijiyoyi Ding Y, McAllister JP, Yao B, Canady AI Nazarin lalacewar jijiyoyi yayin hydrocephalus . 2001 Ilmin Motsa Jiki Nakasa a Yara Masu Ciwon Hydrocephalus Tiyatar Jijiyoyin Yara Ding Y, Lai Q, McAllister JP, Canady AI Binciken ƙarancin koyon motsa jiki a cikin yara masu fama da matsalar hydrocephalic . 2001 Maganin Hydrocephalus na Yanzu Kwata-kwata na tiyatar jijiyoyi Sood S, Ham SD, Canady AI Sharhin hanyoyin magani da sakamakon hydrocephalus . 2001 Canje-canje a Matsayin Matsayi a Matsi a Cikin Kwanya a Marasa Lafiya da Aka Rufe Kullum Tiyatar Jijiyoyin Yara Barami K, Sood S, Ham SD, Canady AI Bincike kan daidaita matsin lamba a cikin kwakwalwa ga marasa lafiya da ba su da ƙarfin gwiwa . 2001 Kimanta Matsalar Shunt Ta Amfani da Ma'ajiyar Wurin Shunt Tiyatar Jijiyoyin Yara Barami K, Canady AI, Ham SD, Sood S Kimanta aikin shunt ta amfani da dabarun tafki . 2004 Canje-canje a cikin cututtukan cututtukan cerebrovascular a cikin marasa lafiya da ke shan maganin shunt na yau da kullun Mujallar tiyatar jijiyoyi Sood S, Kumar CR, Jamous MA, Canady AI Bincike kan bin ƙa'idodin cerebrovascular a cikin maganin shunt .

 Tsarin lokaci 
Tatsuniya


 Duba kuma 

 Likitan jijiyoyin yara
 Mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka a fannin likitanci
 Delta Sigma Theta
 Ƙofofin Buɗewa: Likitocin Likitan Baƙar fata na Zamani na Amurka
 LaSalle D. Leffall Jr.
 Charles R. Drew
 Rosalyn P. Scott
 Nunin hukuma - Laburaren Magunguna na Ƙasa na Amurka

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba