Mildred Hemmons Carter

Mildred Louise Hemmons Carter (1921–2011) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka sami lasisin tuƙi ta hanyar Shirin Horar da Matukin Jirgin Sama na Farar Hula, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta fara tuƙi a Alabama . Duk da cewa an hana ta shiga Tuskegee Airmen da Women Air Force Service Pilots, an ayyana ta a matsayin memba a hukumance a cikin duka biyun a rayuwa.

 Yaro 
An haifi Carter Mildred Louise Hemmons a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1921 ga Mamie da Luther Hemmons. ™name=":0"> Mahaifiyarta ita ce mai kula da gidan waya na garin, yayin da mahaifinta shi ne shugaban injin yanka katako. An haife ta a Benson, Alabama, ta zauna a Tuskegee na ɗan lokaci kafin iyalinta su koma Enfield, North Carolina .  A can, mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan kasuwanci na Kwalejin Bricks Junior mai launin baƙi.  Bayan an rufe makarantar a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci, dangin Hemmons sun ƙaura zuwa Holly Springs, Mississippi . Carter ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Holly Springs yana da shekaru goma sha biyar.

 Aiki da aure 

 Ilimi da horon matukan jirgi 
Bayan iyalinta suka koma Tuskegee, Carter ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Tuskegee, inda ta yi karatun digiri a fannin kasuwanci.  name=":0">Lewis, Col. Roosevelt J. "Mildred Carter takes final flight". The Tuskegee News via. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 2019-09-01. Retrieved 14 February 2023. Ta yi aiki a wani ofishi da ke sarrafa aikace-aikacen neman shiga Jami'ar Tuskegee na Shirin Horar da Matukin Jirgi na Farar Hula (CPTP) .  name=":1"> Carter ta nemi shiga shirin da kanta, amma da farko an ƙi ta saboda ba ta cika shekara goma sha takwas ba.  A shekara mai zuwa, ta sake neman shiga kuma aka karɓe ta.

Carter ta kammala karatunta da ajin farko na Tuskegee na horar da CPTP.  A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1941, ta sami takardar shaidar matukin jirginta na sirri, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko bakar fata matukin jirgi a Alabama.  Ta fara tuka jirgin Piper J-3 Cub da ta yi haya a makarantar.  

Watan bayan ta sami takardar shaidarta, Carter ta haɗu da Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa Eleanor Roosevelt, wacce ke ziyartar Tuskegee don nuna goyon baya ga matukan jirgin.  Carter ya tuna cewa "Mrs. Roosevelt tana da kirki sosai; na yi magana da mutane." 

 Hulɗa da Herbert Carter 
Mildred ta fara haɗuwa da Herbert Carter a shekarar 1939 lokacin da suka haɗu a harabar Tuskegee.  Daga baya Herbert ya ce nan take ya yi sha'awarta, amma ba shi da kwarin gwiwar tambayarta ranar da za ta yi soyayya.  Daga ƙarshe ya nemi ta yi rawa a harabar jami'a bayan ya ji cewa, kamar shi, an yi mata rajista a CPTP. 

Ba a bar Herbert, ɗan kadet a aji 42-F na Tuskegee Airmen,  ya bar sansanin sojojin sama ko kuma ya yi soyayya da wasu ɗaliban Tuskegee a lokacin horonsa ba.  A ƙarshen mako, zai shirya ya hau jirgin sama don "duba jirgin sama" ya kuma haɗu da Mildred, tana tashi da jirginta da ta yi haya, a kan Tafkin Martin.  Ma'auratan za su yi ta hannu da sumba yayin da suke wucewa ta gaban juna.  Bayan Herbert ya kammala horonsa na ɗan kadet, an yi aure a ranar 21 ga Agusta, 1942 a cocin Sojojin Sama na Tuskegee . 

 Jami'an Tsaron Jiragen Sama na Farar Hula 
Carter sau da yawa yana tashi da Charles Alfred Anderson, Lewis, Col. Roosevelt J. "Mildred Carter takes final flight". The Tuskegee News via. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 2019-09-01. Retrieved 14 February 2023. Babban malamin jirgin Tuskegee, wanda ya ƙarfafa mata burinta kuma ya ɗauke ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa mafi kyau.  A shekarar 1942, Carter da Anderson sun yi tafiya zuwa Montgomery, Alabama don yin rajista don Civil Air Patrol, wanda ya sanya Mildred mace baƙar fata ta farko a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Montgomery.  Duk da haka, saboda launin fatarsu, ba a taɓa kiran Carter ko Anderson su yi sintiri a jihar ba. "Mildred Carter: Tuskegee Airwoman". Alabama Heritage. Retrieved 2019-08-31.

 Kin amincewa daga WASP 
Saboda ita mace ce, Carter ba ta sami damar ci gaba da horo mai zurfi ta hanyar Shirin Horar da Matukin Jirgin Sama na Tuskegee ba.  Madadin haka, ta nemi shiga Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama .  A lokacin da ta nemi izinin, ta yi rajistar sama da sa'o'i 100 na lokacin tashi.  Duk da haka, an ƙi ta.  Carter ya lalata wasiƙar ƙin amincewa da ita, amma a cewarta, ta fito kai tsaye daga Jackie Cochran  kuma ta ce "Ban cancanci ba saboda launin fata na. Bai bar wata shakka ba." 

 Filin Moton 
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Carter ta yi aiki a Moton Field,  "babban wurin jigilar jiragen sama ga 'yan takarar matukan jirgi 'yan Afirka-Amurka" a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka .  Ita ce Babban Magatakarda na Quartermaster Corps.  Baya ga aikin gudanarwa, ta yi amfani da parachutes kuma ta sarrafa bulldozer don share filayen jirgin sama. 

 Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu 
Bayan yaƙin, aikin Herbert ya kai Carters a faɗin Amurka da Turai.  Daga ƙarshe, suka koma Tuskegee.  Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku. 

Mildred Carter ta ba da shawara da ƙarfafa ƙananan mata baƙi su zama matukan jirgi.  Waɗanda suka yi mata hidima sun haɗa da mata da yawa waɗanda suka zama ma'aikatan jinya na jirgin sama da injiniyoyin sararin samaniya.  Roosevelt Lewis Jr., manajan filin jirgin sama wanda, kamar Carter, Charles Anderson ya horar da shi, ya ce "Ana san Mildred sosai a nan Tuskegee a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Sojojin Sama na Tuskegee." 

Carter da Anderson sun ci gaba da tashi tare har zuwa shekarun 1980.  A shekarar 1985, lokacin da Carter ke da shekaru 64, dole ta daina tashi saboda karyewar kugu. 

A watan Fabrairun 2011, an ayyana Carter a matsayin memba a hukumance na Matan Jiragen Sama.  Ita ma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka naɗa a matsayin Tuskegee Airman na asali. 

Carter ya mutu bayan doguwar rashin lafiya a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2011. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba