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Protagoras (/proʊˈtæɡərəs, -æs/ proh-TAG-ər-əs, -⁠ass; Greek: Πρωταγόρας; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and rhetorical theorist. He is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with inventing the role of the professional sophist.

Protagoras is also believed to have created a major controversy during ancient times through his statement that "Of all things the measure is Man, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not" which was usually rendered simply as "Man is the measure of all things," interpreted (possibly wrongly, since he disagreed ) by Plato to mean that there is no objective truth; Protagoras seems to have meant that each person's own personal history, experiences and expectations, developed over their lifetime, determine their judgments, opinions, and statements regarding "truth" (which is the title of the book in which Protagoras made this statement). When a person makes a judgment about a certain thing—good or bad or beautiful or unjust—that person will differ from other people's judgments because their experience has been different.Bonazzi, Mauro, "Protagoras", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/protagoras/>.

Wannan ra'ayi na mutum mai ma'ana an yi niyya ne ya zama mai tayar da hankali; a dabi'a, Plato da sauran masana falsafa sun soki shi, ya bambanta da ra'ayi mai kyau da sauran koyarwar falsafa cewa Gaskiya da Gaskiya dole ne su sami tushe mai ma'anar. Koyaya, wani ɓangare ne na batun Protagoras cewa sanarwa ba ta da ma'ana. Ya jaddada cewa wannan ra'ayi - gaskata cewa ra'ayoyin wasu game da duniya suna da inganci kuma dole ne a girmama su, koda kuwa kwarewarmu ta gaskiya ta bambanta - ya zama dole ga al'umma ta kafa kanta da yanke shawara a kan muhawara ta dimokuradiyya.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Protagoras a Abdera, Thrace, a gaban tsibirin Thasos, a kusa da 490 BC. A cewar Aulus Gellius, da farko ya yi rayuwa a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya, amma wata rana masanin falsafa Democritus ya gan shi yana ɗauke da nauyin ƙananan katako da ya ɗaure da gajeren igiya. Democritus ya fahimci cewa Protagoras ya ɗaure nauyin tare da irin wannan cikakkiyar daidaito na lissafi cewa dole ne ya zama mai ilimin lissafi. Democritus nan da nan ya kai shi gidansa kuma ya koya masa falsafar. Protagoras ya zama sananne a Athens har ma ya zama abokin Pericles.

Ba a rubuta kwanakin rayuwarsa ba amma an samo su ne daga rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira daga shekarun. A cikin Protagoras Plato ya rubuta cewa, kafin taron Socrates, Prodicus, da Hippias, Protagoras ya bayyana cewa ya isa ya zama mahaifin kowane daga cikinsu. Wannan yana nuna ranar haihuwar ba bayan 490 BC ba. A cikin Meno an ce ya mutu yana da kimanin shekaru 70, bayan shekaru 40 a matsayin Sophist mai aiki.[undefined][2] Mutuwarsa, to, ana iya zaton ta faru ne a kusa da 420 BC, amma ba a san shi da tabbaci ba, tunda zato game da shi ya dogara ne akan wani labari na karya game da shari'arsa don asebeia (rashin tsoron Allah) a Athens.[1]

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