Flossie Bailey

Katherine "Flossie" Bailey (1895 - 6 ga Fabrairu, 1952) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a da kuma kare hakkin mata daga Indiana. Ta kafa wani babi na gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci Gaban Mutane Masu Launi (NAACP) a Marion, Indiana, a 1918 kuma ta fara fafutukar neman adalci da daidaito bayan kisan gillar Thomas Shipp da Abram Smith sau biyu a 1930. A matsayinta na shugabar NAACP ta Indiana, Bailey ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fafutukar amincewa da dokar hana kisan mata a duk fadin jihar Indiana a 1931 kuma ta yi kira da a yi irin wannan kudiri a matakin ƙasa. Ta kuma kasance wacce ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Madam CJ Walker ta ƙasa ta NAACP.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Katherine Harvey, 'yar Mr. da Mrs. Charles Harvey, a Kokomo, Indiana, a shekarar 1895. An san ta da "Flossie", ta girma a Kokomo kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Kokomo .  

 Aure da iyali 
Flossie ta auri Walter T. Bailey, likita, a shekarar 1917. Ma'auratan suna zaune a Marion, Indiana.  Doctor Bailey ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1950.  Ɗansu ɗaya tilo da ya rage shi ne ɗa mai suna Walter Charles Bailey.  name="IN200-10" 

A lokacin da take zaune a Marion, Bailey ta kuma shiga cikin al'ummar Marion. Ta kasance memba na cocin Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church na birnin. 

 Sana'a 
Bailey ta yi rayuwarta ta girma tana neman daidaito da adalci a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a. A shekarar 1918, Bailey ta kafa reshen Marion na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci Gaban Mutane Masu Launi (NAACP). Da farko, ba ta sami goyon baya sosai ba. A watan Yunin 1930, tana da membobi 96. Duk da haka, bayan da aka yi wa al'ummar Marion kisan gilla a watan Agustan 1930, membobin ƙungiyar sun ƙaru. A ƙarshen 1930, jimillar membobin sun kai mambobi 155.   

A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1930, wani gungun mutane suka kutsa kai cikin gidan yarin Grant County, Indiana (a Marion), inda suka jawo wasu maza biyu 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa, Thomas Shipp da Abram Smith . Sun kawo su zuwa Kotun Kotu suka kashe su daga kan bishiya. Bailey, wacce ita ce shugaban reshen NAACP na yankin, ta yi ƙoƙarin samun kariya daga 'yan sanda ga mutanen da aka tsare kafin a yi musu kisan gilla. Bayan haka, ta shiga cikin shirin shirya tawagar 'yan NAACP ta Hoosier don yin magana da gwamnan Indiana Harry Leslie tare da shawo kansa ya shiga tsakani a binciken kisan mutanen. 

Bailey, da wasu da dama, sun yi aiki tukuru don samun cikakken bincike kan kisan gillar da aka yi sau biyu. Duk da sukar da aka samu daga waɗanda ke cikin al'ummar Marion waɗanda suka so su manta da lamarin, Bailey da NAACP sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen neman adalci kan kisan gillar da aka yi wa Shipp da Smith, da kuma dawo da kwanciyar hankali a Marion. An gurfanar da mutane biyu kuma an gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya bisa laifin kisan gillar, amma ba a sami ɗayansu da laifin aikata laifin ba, kuma ba a taɓa hukunta kowa ba saboda mutuwar Shipp da Smith.

A shekarar 1930, an zaɓi Bailey a matsayin shugaban Indiana NAACP kuma ya taimaka wajen tsara taron shekara-shekara na biyu. Gidan Bailey da ke Marion ya zama hedikwatar Indiana ta NAACP.  Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta amince da ƙoƙarin Bailey ta hanyar ba ta lambar yabo ta Madam CJ Walker Medal saboda "mutumin da ya yi aiki mafi kyau a NAACP a cikin shekarar." 

Bailey ta yi aiki don tabbatar da cewa babu wani abu kamar kisan gillar da aka yi a Marion da zai sake faruwa. Ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dokokin Indiana da ta zartar da tsauraran dokoki kan hana kisan gillar. Lokacin da masu adawa da kudirin suka ƙi amincewa da yawancin matakan tsaro, Bailey ta shirya wani aiki a duk faɗin jihar, tana kira ga babi na NAACP, Kungiyoyin Optimist, Kungiyoyin Musanya, da ƙungiyoyin Democrat da su yi wa 'yan majalisar jihar kawanya. Kokarin Bailey ya yi nasara kuma gwamnan ya sanya hannu kan wata doka mai tsauri kan hana kisan gillar a watan Maris na 1931. Da zarar kudirin Indiana ya zama doka, Bailey ya fara fafutukar ganin an samar da dokar hana kisan gillar ƙasa, da kuma adalci ga 'yan Afirka a wasu sassan rayuwar Amurka. Bailey ya fi mai da hankali kan yaƙi don kawo ƙarshen rarrabuwar kawuna a makarantu, asibitoci, da sauran wuraren jama'a kamar gidajen sinima. 

 Shekarun da suka biyo baya 
Bailey da NAACP sun sha wahala a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci . Mijinta, wanda ya kamu da bugun jini, ya rufe asibitinsa na likita a Marion a kusan shekarar 1940, kuma ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa Indianapolis. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Bailey ta mutu a Indianapolis a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1952. A matsayinta na mai fafutuka kuma shugabar Indiana NAACP a shekarun 1930, shugabancinta ya taimaka wajen kafa harsashin fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a na shekarun 1950.

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan kula 


 Madison, James H., "Katherine "Flossie" Bailey in  (2015). Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. pp. 10–12. ISBN <bdi>978-0-87195-387-2</bdi>.



Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba