Ayyukan rufe jiki na Islama ta ƙasa

Mata Musulmi a faɗin duniya suna sanya nau'ikan suturar rufe kai daban-daban, musamman khimar, hijabi, chador, niqab, paranja, yashmak, tudung, shayla, safseri, çarşaf, haik, dupatta, bushiyyah da burqa, inda wannan suturar ta bambanta daga tilas zuwa zaɓi ko kuma ta takaita a ƙasashe daban-daban na Musulmi da waɗanda ba Musulmi ba.

Sanya hijabi wajibi ne a ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin ikon masu kishin Islama kamar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran da kuma Daular Musulunci ta Afghanistan da Taliban ke jagoranta . Jami'an makarantar Gaza sun kuma kaɗa ƙuri'ar tilasta wa 'yan mata ƙanana sanya hijabi,  kodayake Hukumar Falasɗinawa (a shekarar 1990) ta ɗauki hijabi a matsayin zaɓi. 

Hijabi a al'ada yana da alaƙa da ƙa'idodin Musulunci na kunya, sirri, da sanin ruhi.     Baya ga mahimmancinsa na addini, ya kuma zama alamar asalin al'adu, kuma a wasu yanayi, wani nau'i na bayyanar mutum ko ta zamani.   Suratun Nur (24:31) a cikin Alƙur'ani ta ce: "Kuma ka gaya wa mata muminai su runtse idanunsu su kuma kiyaye farjinsu, kada su bayyana adonsu sai abin da ya bayyana a ciki, kuma su naɗe wani ɓangare na mayafin kansu a kan ƙirjinsu, kada su bayyana adonsu..."  Suratul Ahzab (33:59) a cikin Alƙur'ani ta ƙara ba da umarni: "Ya Annabi, ka gaya wa matanka da 'ya'yanka mata da matan muminai su ƙasƙantar da kansu daga tufafinsu na waje. Wannan ya fi dacewa a san su ba za a ci zarafinsu ba." 

A wasu ƙasashen da Musulmai suka fi rinjaye (kamar Morocco da Tunisia ),  an sami koke-koke na ƙuntatawa ko wariya ga mata masu sanya hijabi, wanda za a iya ɗauka a matsayin alamar Musulunci .   Ƙasashe da dama da Musulmai suka fi rinjaye sun haramta burqa da hijabi a makarantun gwamnati da jami'o'i ko gine-ginen gwamnati, ciki har da Tunisia (tun 1981,  an ɗage wani ɓangare a 2011), Turkiyya (a hankali aka ɗage),   Kosovo (tun 2009),  Azerbaijan (tun 2010  ), Kazakhstan,  da Kyrgyzstan .  Tajikistan da Musulmai suka fi rinjaye ta haramta hijabi gaba ɗaya a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2024. 

A ƙasashe da dama a Turai, sanya hijabi ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce na siyasa da shawarwari kan haramcin doka. An zartar da dokoki a Faransa da Belgium don hana sanya hijabi a fuska, wanda aka fi sani da " hana burqa ", kodayake ba wai kawai ya shafi burqa na Afghani ba, har ma da dukkan abin rufe fuska tun daga niqab zuwa kayan jiki, kuma bai shafi hijabi wanda ba ya ɓoye fuska ba.

Takunkumin doka kan burqa da niqab ya fi yawa fiye da takunkumin hijabi. A halin yanzu akwai jihohi 18 da suka haramta burqa, ciki har da Tunisia,  Austria, Denmark, Faransa, Belgium,  Tajikistan, Bulgaria,  Kamaru, Chad, Jamhuriyar Congo, Gabon, Netherlands,  China (a Yankin Xinjiang ),  Morocco, Sri Lanka , Switzerland, Portugal da Italiya  . Ana tattauna irin wannan doka ko wasu tsauraran dokoki a wasu ƙasashe. Wasu daga cikinsu sun shafi tufafin rufe fuska ne kawai kamar burqa, boushiya, ko niqab, yayin da wasu dokoki suka shafi duk wani tufafi mai alamar addinin Musulunci kamar khimar . Wasu ƙasashe sun riga sun kafa dokoki da suka haramta sanya abin rufe fuska a bainar jama'a, wanda za a iya amfani da shi ga mayafin da ke ɓoye fuska. Wannan batu yana da sunaye daban-daban a ƙasashe daban-daban, kuma ana iya amfani da "rufin" ko hijabi a matsayin kalmomi na gabaɗaya don muhawarar, wanda ke wakiltar fiye da kawai rufin kansa, ko kuma ra'ayin kunya da ke cikin hijabi .

 Afirka 
A lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya na 1954-1962, an fahimci cewa ya halatta ga matan Aljeriya su karya keɓewa su kuma shiga cikin al'umma, lokacin da mata suka shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na ƙasa. 

A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2015, mata biyu sanye da kayan addini sun tayar da bama-bamai a Fotokol, inda suka kashe mutane 13. mutane. Bayan hare-haren, tun daga ranar 16 ga Yuli, Kamaru ta haramta sanya hijabi na fuska gaba ɗaya, gami da burqa, a yankin Arewa Mai Nisa . Gwamna Midjiyawa Bakari na yankin da galibin Musulmi suka fi yawa ya ce matakin an yi shi ne don hana ƙarin hare-hare a wannan ƙasar da ke da rinjayen Kiristoci. 

 Kamaru 
A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2015, mata biyu sanye da kayan addini sun tayar da bama-bamai a Fotokol, inda suka kashe mutane 13. mutane. Bayan hare-haren, tun daga ranar 16 ga Yuli, Kamaru ta haramta sanya hijabi na fuska gaba ɗaya, gami da burqa, a yankin Arewa Mai Nisa . Gwamna Midjiyawa Bakari na yankin da galibin Musulmi suka fi yawa ya ce matakin an yi shi ne don hana ƙarin hare-hare a wannan ƙasar da ke da rinjayen Kiristoci. 

 Chadi 
Bayan harin kunar bakin wake guda biyu a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2015 wanda ya kashe mutane 33 mutanen N'Djamena, gwamnatin Chadi ta sanar a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2015 cewa ta haramta sanya burqa a yankinta saboda dalilai na tsaro.  Firayim Ministan 2015, Kalzeube Pahimi Deubet, ya kira burqa "ɓoyayyen abu".  Matan da suka karya wannan dokar za su fuskanci zaman gidan yari. 

 Jamhuriyar Congo 
An haramta rufe fuska gaba ɗaya a watan Mayun 2015 a wuraren taruwar jama'a a Kongo-Brazzaville domin "yaƙi da ta'addanci", kodayake Musulmai ƙalilan ne kawai a Kongo.
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