Juan Quezada Celado

Juan Quezada Celado (6 ga Mayu 1940 - 1 ga Disamba 2022  ) wani mai ginin tukwane ne na Mexico wanda aka sani da sake fassara tukwanen Casas Grandes da aka sani da tukwanen Mata Ortiz . Quezada ya fito ne daga wani gari mai talauci a karkara a Chihuahua, wanda ya gano kuma ya yi nazarin tukwanen kafin Hispanic na al'adun Mimbres da Casas Grandes. Daga ƙarshe ya gano yadda ake yin tukwanen ba tare da taimakon masana yumbu ko ƙwararru a cikin waɗannan al'adu ba. Yunkurin farko na sayar da tukwanen a yankinsa ya gaza, amma ya sami nasara tare da 'yan kasuwa kan iyaka. Waɗannan sun kawo tukwanen zuwa shaguna a gefen Amurka na kan iyaka, inda Spencer MacCallum, masanin ɗan adam wanda ya bi diddigin Quezada ya kuma taimaka masa ya shiga babbar kasuwar Amurka ya gano su. Nasarar Quezada a cikin tukwanen ya haifar da sha'awar ayyukan da wasu a cikin garin suka yi kuma ya amsa ta hanyar koyar da dangi da abokai. A yau akwai iyalai sama da 300 waɗanda ke samun duk ko wani ɓangare na kuɗin shigarsu daga tukwanen. An nuna ayyukan Quezada a gidajen tarihi a ƙasashe daban-daban kuma a shekarar 1999 aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes .  Duk da haka, aikinsa ba a san shi sosai ba a Mexico a lokacin rayuwarsa.

 Rayuwar farko da gano tukwane 
An haifi Juan Quezada Celado a garin Tutuaca, a cikin gundumar Belisario Domínguez, Chihuahua .   Ya ƙaura zuwa garin Mata Ortíz tun yana jariri, kuma ya girma ba tare da wata makaranta ba, wanda bai so ba.  A wancan lokacin, Mata Ortíz tana da faɗin tubalan uku kacal, kuma ta kasance cikin koma baya a fannin tattalin arziki tun bayan juyin juya halin Mexico.  

Tun yana yaro, yana son yin aiki da hannunsa, yana ƙoƙarin yin zane da sassaka da kayan aikin da yake da su tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.   Ya yi gwaji da fenti iri-iri kamar itace, takarda har ma da bangon gidansa, yana cika su har sai mahaifiyarsa ta sa ya tsaftace su don ya sake farawa. Gwamnatin yankin ta lura da hakan, wadda ta ba shi shawarar a kai shi makarantar fasaha, amma ya ƙi. Ya yi imanin cewa wannan shawara ce mai kyau.  

Lokacin da yake ƙarami, ya yi dambe, tare da abokinsa Pino Molina a matsayin manaja. Duk da cewa ya ce bai taɓa yin rashin nasara ba, ya daina saboda mahaifiyarsa ta damu. Nancy Andrews (Spring 2012). "Tea with Juan Quezada: An Afternoon at Rancho Barro Blanco". Journal of the Southwest. 54 (1): 177–183. doi:10.1353/jsw.2012.0013. S2CID 161183276.

Tun yana matashi, ya bar makaranta don fara samun kuɗi don taimaka wa iyalinsa. Yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, ya fara tattara itace a tsaunuka sannan ya yi aiki a layin dogo da kuma tattara maguey cactus . Waɗannan ayyukan sun sa ya yi dogon zango a tsaunukan da ke kewaye, inda ya sami tukwane da tarkacen tukwane na Hispanic daga al'adun Mimbres da Casas Grandes a cikin kogo da sauran wurare. Ya tattara waɗannan don ya bincika, yana mamakin ingancin fasaharsu. [1] [2] [3]

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane