Manaveda

Manaveda ( Malayalam മാനവേദന്‍ (1585–1658) AD) yana ɗaya daga cikin Zamorin Rajas na Kozhikode a arewacin Kerala, kuma an san shi da marubucin Krishnanattam . Wannan fasaha wasan kwaikwayo ne na rawa kuma yana gabatar da labarin Krishna a cikin jerin wasannin kwaikwayo guda takwas. 
Manaveda ta biyu (lokacin mulki 1658-1662 AD) Asvati Tirunal Manaveda shine wanda ya lalata ikon Portugal tare da taimakon 'yan Holland. Ya mayar da Yarima Mutta Tavali a kan karagar mulkin Cochin. 

Ganin cewa shi mai kula da wasiƙu ne, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri wataƙila abokinsa ne. 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haife shi a gidan sarauta na Zamorin Rajas na Kozhikode a shekara ta 1585.  Duk da cewa ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da iyaye da yarantaka ba, ana cewa ya yi karatu daga Anayath Krishna pisharody da Desamangalath varrier. Ya girma ya zama hazikin waka kuma mai hangen nesa. 

 Gudummawa 
Littattafansa biyu ne kawai ake da su a yanzu - Krishnanattam (rubutu kuma ana kiransa Krishnageethi) da Purva bharatha chambu,  duk an rubuta su da Sanskrit . An kammala na ƙarshe a shekara ta 1643, 10. shekaru kafin Krishnanattam . Ana kyautata zaton an lalata sauran littattafansa a cikin gobarar da ta cinye fadar Zamorin lokacin da Hyderali na Mysore ya kai hari a 1766.

 Krishnageethi 
Rubutun Sanskrit wanda aka halicci Krishnanattam akansa an rubuta shi a AD 1653, yana da shekaru 68. Ya ƙunshi wasanni takwas: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham, da Swargarohanam. Ya dogara ne akan 10th da 11th skandhas na Bhagavata Purana yana ma'amala da labarin Krishna kaɗai. Hakanan ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga Gita Govinda na Jayadeva, Sree krishna vilaasam Mahakavya da Narayaniyam na Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri . 
Farkon rubutun Krishnanattam shine: 
Baya ga irin waɗannan salon slokas, ana kuma ƙawata shi da yawancin padyagethams kamar na Gita Govinda na Jayadeva . Wannan aiki ne mai ban mamaki a cikin Sanskrit wanda wani Keralite ya yi.

 Labarun 
Wasanni takwas sune: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham da Swargarohanam.  mai saurin haddace shi ta hanyar mnemonic "a-ka-ra-ka-swa-bha-vi-swa". A rana ta tara, ana maimaita Avatharam.

Fa'idodi daban-daban na Krishnanattam a matsayin hadaya sune:

 Avatharam don haihuwar yaro.
 Kaliyamardhanam don kawar da tasirin guba .
 Jin daɗin 'yan matan da ba su yi aure ba a Rasakreeda, don kawo ƙarshen takaddama tsakanin ma'aurata .
 Kamsavaddham don kawar da maƙiya .
 Swayamvaram don auren farin ciki.
 Bana yuddham don kawar da talauci, don ingantaccen noma .
 Vividha vadham don kawar da talauci da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa daga gonaki.
 Swargarohanam don zaman lafiya na rai da ya mutu. 

 Tatsuniya 
Sarki Manaveda ya gaya wa Vilwamangalam game da burinsa na ganin Krishna . Washegari Swamiyar ya gaya masa cewa Guruvayurappan ya ba da izininsa kuma Manavedan zai iya ganin Guruvayurappan yana wasa da sassafe a kan dandamalin bishiyar Elanji.  Yana iya gani kawai amma bai taɓa shi ba. Lokacin da Manavedan ya ga Guruvayurappan a cikin siffar ƙaramin yaro Sri Krishna, ya yi farin ciki sosai har ya manta da kansa, ya yi sauri ya rungumi ƙaramin Sree Krishna . Guruvayoorappan nan da nan ya ɓace yana cewa, "Vilwamangalam bai gaya mini cewa wannan zai faru ba". Duk da haka, Manavedan ya sami gashin tsuntsu ɗaya daga hular Bhagavan Krishna. 

An saka gashin tsuntsun dawisu a cikin hular kai don halayen Sri Krishna a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na rawa na Krishnanattam bisa ga rubutunsa na krishnageethi wanda ya ƙunshi babi 8. An yi shi kusa da wurin ibada na Haikalin Guruvayur . A rana ta tara, an maimaita Avatharam yayin da Zamorin ya ji cewa ba shi da kyau a kawo ƙarshen jerin da mutuwar Ubangiji Krishna. Guruvayur devaswom har yanzu yana kula da tsarin fasaha mai albarka kuma masu ibada sun shirya shi a matsayin hadaya.

 Rayuwa ta makara 
Bayan zuwan Krishnanattam yana da shekaru 68, har zuwa rasuwarsa yana cikin ayyukan gyaran wasan kwaikwayo na rawa . Ya mutu a Thrissur a shekara ta 1658 kuma aka kona shi a Guruvayur kudu da haikalin Guruvayurappan . An gina wani mutum-mutumi a wannan wurin, wanda a yanzu yake kusa da gidan baƙi na Panjajanyam a Guruvayur. 

 Hotunan Hotuna 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba