Charlotte Hawkins Brown

Charlotte Hawkins Brown (11 ga Yuni, 1883 - 11 ga Janairu, 1961) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, malanta, mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a, kuma wacce ta kafa Cibiyar Tunawa da Palmer da ke Sedalia, North Carolina . 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Charlotte Hawkins Brown a Henderson, North Carolina, a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1883, ga Caroline Frances kuma ubanta da ya rabu da ita. Jikar tsohon bayi,  an haife ta ne a lokacin da adadi mai yawa na 'yan Afirka-Amurka ke ƙaura zuwa arewa. Ta ƙaura zuwa Cambridge, Massachusetts, tun tana ƙarama, inda ta girma kuma ta yi karatu. 

Tare da ɗan'uwanta Mingo, Charlotte ta halarci makarantar gwamnati a Cambridge. An zaɓe ta a matsayin mai jawabi a bikin kammala karatunta na farko, kuma bayan haka ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Cambridge English. Duk da cewa mahaifiyarta ba ta da tabbas, Brown ta sadaukar da kanta ga karatunta kuma ta zaɓi ta halarci Makarantar Al'ada ta Jihar Salem. Memba a Hukumar Ilimi ta Massachusetts Alice Freeman Palmer ce ta biya dukkan kuɗaɗen karatunta,  name="HistoryProject"> bayan sun haɗu kwatsam kuma Palmer ya yi mamakin sadaukarwar Brown. 

 Sana'a 
Bayan shekara ɗaya na kwaleji, an ɗauke Brown aiki a Cibiyar Bethany, wata makarantar karkara ta yaran Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka, da ke Sedalia, North Carolina . Brown ya isa makarantar, wadda Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Amurka ke gudanarwa, a shekarar 1901, inda ya ga ba ta da isassun kayan aiki.
Lokacin da Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Amurka ta yanke shawarar rufe makarantar shekara guda bayan haka, Brown ta yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar makaranta ita kaɗai. Ta fito daga ƙaramin gida a cikin ƙaramin ɗakin maƙeri, Brown ta ci gaba da tara kuɗi, daga ƙarshe ta sami eka 200 da gina sabbin gine-gine guda biyu don harabar makarantarta. Makarantar, wacce aka sanya wa suna Cibiyar Tunawa da Palmer don girmama Alice Freeman Palmer, ta buɗe a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1902,  kuma makarantar kwana ce ga 'yan Afirka. Brown ta yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don ƙirƙirar mafaka mai aminci ga matasan Afirka ta Amurka, ta kafa kwamitin amintattu na Cibiyar Tunawa da Palmer gaba ɗaya na 'yan Afirka ta Amurka. Cibiyar Brown ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantu kaɗai a North Carolina da ke ba da shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen kwaleji. 

A shekarun 1920, Cibiyar Tunawa da Palmer ta kasance makarantar kwana da aka kafa kuma ta yi nasara wajen jawo hankalin ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suka zama malamai. Brown ta jawo hankalin ƙasa saboda ƙoƙarinta, tana yin lacca akai-akai a kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar kuma ta sami digiri na girmamawa da dama. A shekarar 1941 ta buga littafin The Correct Thing To Do--To Say--To Wear, inda ta yi amfani da falsafar ilimi da manyan rubuce-rubucenta a rubuce.  Ta ci gaba da gudanar da makarantar har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1952. 

Baya ga aikinta a Cibiyar Palmer, Brown ta kasance mai himma a ƙoƙarin ƙasa don inganta damammaki ga Baƙar fata 'Yan Amurka, ciki har da Hukumar Haɗin Kan Kabilar da Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Ƙasa .  Ita ce mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka naɗa a kwamitin gudanarwa na YWCA na ƙasa. Ta kasance memba mai daraja a ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha .

 Gado 
Takardun Brown suna cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba ta Radcliffe da ke Jami'ar Harvard . alilahdesign. "Charlotte Hawkins Brown • Cambridge Black History Project". Cambridge Black History Project. Retrieved 2022-09-29.

Gine-ginen harabar makarantar Palmer Memorial Institute da aka gyara yanzu sun zama Gidan Tarihi na Charlotte Hawkins Brown, wanda ke haɗa Cibiyar Tunawa da Brown da Palmer da manyan jigogi na mata 'yan Afirka ta Amurka, ilimi, da tarihin zamantakewa, tare da mai da hankali kan gudummawar da 'yan Afirka ta Amurka suka bayar ga ilimi a North Carolina. 

Cibiyar baƙi ta gidan tarihi tana cikin Carrie M. Stone Teachers' Cottage (1948), kuma tana da nunin kayan tarihi game da Brown, Cibiyar da kuma ilimin 'yan Afirka-Amurka a North Carolina. Baƙi za su iya ziyartar gidan Brown, wanda aka sani da Canary Cottage, wanda aka tanadar don nuna shekarun 1940 da 1950, lokacin da makarantar take kan gaba. 

Ɗan'uwan Brown, Mingo, shine mahaifin mawaƙin jazz Maria Hawkins Cole, wacce ta zama matar mawaƙiya Nat King Cole da kuma mahaifiyar mawaƙiya Natalie Cole da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Carole Cole . 

An saka hoton Brown a cikin zanen 1945 na Women Builders wanda William H. Johnson ya zana a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirinsa na Fighters for Freedom .  

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1961
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1883
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba