Thumama ibn Ashras

Thumama (ThumamAH) ibn Ashras (ya mutu 828 AZ/212-213 AH)  (Arabic), wanda aka fi sani da Abu Maʿn al-Numayri (أبو refus النميري) masanin tauhidi ne na Mu'tazila a zamanin Abbasid Caliphate, Khalifancin Musulunci na uku. 

 Rayuwa 
Thumama ibn Ashras ya fito ne daga zuriyar Larabawa. Ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin dangi mai tasiri a zamanin Abbasid, Barmakids, kuma an kama shi lokacin da suka fadi daga tagomashi a 802 AZ. An dawo da sunansa sosai a kusan shekara ta 807 AZ cewa Harun al-Ras̲h̲d ya sa ya shiga aikinsa zuwa Khorasan . 

Alon ya bayyana ibn Ashras a matsayin 'masanin tauhidin kotun' na Al-Ma'mun;  Nawas ya dauke shi 'mashahurin Mu'tazilite'.  Al-Ma'mun ya yi fatan sanya shi vizier, amma ibn Ashras ya ki, a bayyane yake saboda matsayin vizier ya kasance abin jayayya a lokacin; daga baya aka ruwaito cewa Khalifa ya ba ibn Ashras dirhams 300,000 don nuna godiyarsa ga ayyukan ibn Ashras a kotu. Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid al-Ahwal, wanda ake kira vizier a wurin ibn Ashras, ya kira ibn Ashras 'kawai' a kotu 'ba tare da lakabin hukuma ba'.

Wani tsohon rahoto ya nuna cewa ibn Ashras ya shawo kan Al-Ma'mun ya karɓi tauhidin Mu'tazila. Wani rahoto, a Tarihin Bagadaza na Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, ya bayyana cewa ibn Ashras ya raina Abu-l-'Atahiya a wani taro a gaban Al-Ma'mun, lokacin da mawaki Atahiya ya kalubalanci ibn Ashras don kare koyarwar Mu'tazila game da asalin aikin ɗan adam.  

A wani lokaci, Turks sun kama ibn Ashras. An bi da shi sosai a lokacin da yake kurkuku, duk da haka, ya girma ya goyi bayan 'yan kwangila na Turkiyya.

 Koyarwa 
Ba kamar yawancin masu ilimin tauhidi na lokacin ba, ibn Ashras bai rubuta litattafai da yawa ba. Dangane da haka, ra'ayoyinsa na addini sun tsira galibi a cikin rahotanni daga tattaunawa da muhawara da yake da shi tare da wasu mutane na lokacin, gami da Yahya ibn Aktham, wanda ya tattauna da 'yancin zaɓe.

Ibn Ashras ya koyar da cewa wadanda ba su bi ba dole ne su kasance masu laifi ba saboda rashin gaskatawarsu sai dai idan sun ki amincewa da wahayi.

Ya yi jayayya cewa soyayya tana faruwa 'lokacin da ainihin rayuka suka haɗu ta hanyar haɗin kama'. 

 Manazarta 

 Tushen