Mayme Agnew Clayton

Mayme Agnew Clayton (4 ga watan Agusta, a shekarar 1923 – 13 ga watan Oktoba,a shekarar 2006)  ma'aikaciyar laburare ce, kuma wacce ta kafa, shugaba, kuma shugabar Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimi ta Baƙar fata ta Yammacin Amurka (WSBREC), babbar tarin kayan tarihi na Baƙar fata a duniya. Tarin yana wakiltar manyan kayan tarihi na Mayme A. Clayton Library and Museum (MCLM), wanda a da yake a Culver City, California . Ɗanta, Avery Clayton ne ya tsara kuma ya kula da wannan tarin.  Gidan kayan tarihi shine mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin ilimi wanda aka tattara abubuwa, takardu, da abubuwan tunawa game da tarihin da al'adun Baƙar fata na Amurka. A ranar 31 ga watan Yuli,a shekarar 2019, Laburare da Gidan Tarihi na Mayme A. Clayton sun rufe har abada. Yawancin tarin kayan sun tafi Kwalejin West Los Angeles da ke Gundumar Los Angeles mara tsari na ɗan lokaci. 

A cikin shekaru 45, Clayton ita kaɗai, da albarkatunta, ta tattara littattafai sama da 30,000 masu wuya da waɗanda ba a buga ba. Ana ɗaukar tarin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci ga kayan Afirka-Amurka kuma ya ƙunshi kayayyaki miliyan 3.5, a cewar Mujallar UCLA . Tarin nata ya karu ne daga aikinta na laburare, da farko a Jami'ar Kudancin California sannan daga baya a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, inda ta fara gina tarin 'yan Afirka-Amurka. "Ms. Clayton, ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan golf, ta yi tafiya don wasanninta, tana neman abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba duk inda ta je. Babban abin da ya haifar da tarin shine kwafin wakokin Phillis Wheatley kan fannoni daban-daban, addini da ɗabi'a, daga shekarata 1773. An fara buga littafin ne ta hannun wani Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka, an sayi littafin akan dala 600 daga dillalin New York a shekarar 1973. A shekarar 2002 an kimanta shi akan dala 30,000," a cewar Jaridar New York Times . 

Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin tarin ta sun haɗa da fosta na fina-finai (ɗaya da ke ɗauke da Stepin Fetchit ), rubuce-rubucen jaridu game da jarumar Dorothy Dandridge, da kuma wasiƙar da malamar makaranta Booker T. Washington ta rubuta da hannu. 

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Mayme Agnew a Van Buren, Arkansas, a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta,a shekarar 1923.  Mahaifinta, Jerry Agnew, Sr., ya mallaki kuma yana gudanar da wani babban shago, wanda shine kawai kasuwancin da baƙar fata ke mallaka a Van Buren. Mahaifiyar Clayton, Mary Knight Agnew, mai gyaran gida ce kuma shahararriyar mai dafa abinci ta Kudu, wacce taron cin abincin dare ya jawo abokai daga nesa da kusa. Tana da 'yan'uwa biyu, Jerry, Jr. da Sarah Elizabeth (sananniyar malamar Kudancin California). Jerry da Mary sun zaɓi su fallasa 'ya'yansu ga 'yan Afirka na Amurkawa na ci gaba. A lokacin ziyarar da Mary McLeod Bethune ta kai Arkansas a shekarar 1936, iyayen Clayton sun yi tuƙi mai nisa don tabbatar da cewa 'ya'yansu za su iya jin ta tana magana. Dr. Bethune ta kasance "wahayi ga Dr. Clayton har abada," a cewar gidan yanar gizon MCLM. 

Ta fara zuwa Jami'ar Lincoln ta Missouri kafin ta koma Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ta sami digirin BA.

Ta koma birnin New York a lokacin tana da shekaru 20, ta haɗu da Andrew Lee Clayton, kuma suka yi aure a shekarar 1946, sannan suka ƙaura zuwa wani gida a unguwar West Adams da ke Los Angeles.

Ta fara aikinta a USC a shekarar 1952, har sai da ta zama ma'aikaciyar laburare ta shari'a a UCLA a shekarar 1957. A shekarar 1969 ta taimaka wajen kafa ɗakin karatu na Cibiyar Nazarin Baƙar fata-Amurkawa na jami'ar, kuma ta fara siyan littattafan da ba a buga ba daga marubuta daga Harlem Renaissance . Duk da haka, sau da yawa ana hana ta kuɗin siyan littattafan Baƙar fata-Amurkawa. Da yake ta yi imanin cewa yana da mahimmanci a tattara waɗannan littattafai, ta fara tattara littattafanta, tana ɗaukar ritaya da wuri daga UCLA.  Wannan tarin ya haɗa da ayyukan Chicano da na 'yan asalin Amurka da kuma ayyukan Baƙar fata-Amurkawa.

Ta sami digirin MLS daga Kwalejin Goddard da ke Vermont, kuma an ba ta digirin PhD a fannin ilimin ɗan adam daga Jami'ar La Sierra a shekarar 1985.

Baya ga aikinta da Cibiyar Bincike ta Baƙaƙen Jihohin Yammacin Amurka, ta kuma sayar da littattafai ta hanyar kamfaninta, Third World Ethnic Books, kuma ta tallafa wa masu shirya fina-finai baƙaƙe ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Cinema ta Baƙaƙen Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, Clayton ta tara kuɗi ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin gasar golf, bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka, da kuma nuna fina-finai, waɗanda galibi ake kira "Black Talkies on Parade".

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923.