James Howell

James Howell (  –  ) marubuci ne kuma masanin tarihi ɗan ƙasar Wales. Ɗan wani malamin addinin Welsh ne, tsawon rayuwarsa yana cikin inuwar babban ɗan'uwansa Thomas Howell, wanda ya zama Bishop na Bristol .  Chris Roberts, Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme, Thorndike Press, 2006 ()

 Ilimi 
A shekara ta 1613 ya sami B.A. daga Kwalejin Yesu, Oxford - za a zabe shi zuwa zumunci a Kwalejin Jesus a shekara ta 1623, amma ba a taɓa shigar da shi a hukumance ba kuma wani ya ɗauki matsayinsa a shekara ta 1626 . Har zuwa lokacin da ya kai shekara 13, ya yi karatu a Hereford . Ya tafi Oxford yana da shekara 19.

 Ayyuka 
Bayan kammala karatunsa, yana da ayyuka iri-iri, a matsayin mai gudanarwa ga masana'antar gilashi, kuma a cikin sau da yawa ana haɗa shi da matsayi na sakatare da malami ga iyalai masu daraja da yawa. A matsayinsa na wakilin masana'antu da mai tattaunawa ya yi tafiya sosai a Turai kuma ya koyi yin magana da harsuna da yawa, a bayyane yake tare da babban kayan aiki. Ya kuma sadu kuma ya yi abota da marubuta da yawa, daga cikinsu Ben Jonson da Kenelm Digby . Mafi mahimmanci daga cikin abubuwan da ya fi fifiko duk da haka shine sarauta, ko aƙalla goyon bayan aristocratic.

A ranar da aka fara Yaƙin basasar Ingila, a ƙarshe ya sami sakataren majalisa, wanda a cewar wani fitaccen mai sukar, "ya kasance kusa da irin nadin da ya nema na tsawon shekaru 20". Rikicin ya nuna cewa bai taba ɗaukar matsayi ba, kuma a kusan lokaci guda, ya rubuta littafinsa na farko, ko "maiden Fancy", Dodona's Grove, wanda ke wakiltar tarihin Ingila da Turai ta hanyar tsarin almara na nau'in bishiyoyi. Ya fara bugawa a wannan lokacin ferment ko da yake ya riga ya kafa kansa sosai a matsayin marubucin abin da za mu sani a yau a matsayin 'wasiku' amma an san su da 'shafuka' ko 'takardun rubutu'.

 Dendrologia, Dodona's Grove, ko kuma dajin Vocall (1640).
 Ingila's Teares, for the Present Wars (1644; kuma an kara shi zuwa bugu na 2 na Dodona's Grove da aka buga a wannan shekarar).
 Epistolae Ho-Elianae: Wasiƙu na Gida da Forren (1645-1650).
 Umurni ga Forraine Travell (1642). 
 Louis na 13 (1646).
 Cikakken Bayani na Ƙasar Scotland (1649).
 An Exact Historie of the Late Revolutions in Naples (1650)  da ci gaba da shi The Second Part of Massaniello (1652),  fassarar Turanci na Alessandro Giraffi's Le rivolutioni di Napoli (1647).
 S.P.Q.V.: Survay na Signorie na Venice (1651).
 The Vision, ko, Tattaunawa tsakanin Rai da Bodie: An yi tunaninsa a cikin mafarki na safe (1651).
 A German Diet: Ko, The Ballance of Europe (1653). 
 Wasu Bincike Masu Amfani (1656).
 Londonopolis: Magana ta Tarihi ko Bayyanawa na Birnin London (1657).
 Misalai (Misali) (1659).
 Lexicon Tetraglotton (1660).
 Sabon Harshen Ingilishi da ke ba da wasu Dokoki kamar yadda Harshe zai ɗauka ga Baƙi don Koyon Turanci (1662).
 Magana ta Dunkirk (1664).
 Farkon da kuma Tsarin Majalisar (1677).
 Magana game da Dabbobi.
 Fassara: Farawa, Ci gaba da Rushewar Kasuwanci (daga Faransanci).
 Bincike (Finett; Howell ya shirya).
 Ci gaban St. Paul's Late Progress.
 Gudun Spain da Portugal.
 The Last Will and Testament of the Late Renowned Cardinal Mazarini, Ya mutu Fabrairu 27, 1660 tare da Wasu Tarihin Tarihin Rayuwarsa (wanda Howell ya fassara).
 Gilashin da ke kallon Venice.

 Manazarta