Irene Moorman Blackstone

Irene Moorman Blackstone (Janairu 1872 - bayan 1944) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar asalin Amurka kuma mamba a kulob wadda ta fara fafutukar neman 'yancin mata . Tare da Alva Belmont, ta fara haɗin gwiwar mata tsakanin kabilu daban-daban a cikin yunƙurin neman 'yancin cin gashin kai. Lokacin da Kwaskwarima ta 19 ta amince, ta mayar da fafutukarta zuwa ga Ƙungiyar Inganta Al'umma ta Negro (UNIA) da sauran shirye-shirye waɗanda suka yi aiki don ɗaga al'ummar baƙar fata da kuma hana wariya da wariya ga baƙar fata wajen cimma daidaito tsakanin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Irene L. Moorman a watan Janairun 1872 a Virginia .   Mahaifiyarta tsohuwar baiwa ce, Johanna (née Enders) Moorman, wacce aka haifa a Virginia kuma tun tana ƙarama ta koma Washington, DC   Daga baya Johanna ta koma Virginia, inda ta haifi 'ya'ya 18  kafin ta kawo 'yarta Irene da ɗanta Wilson zuwa New Jersey .  

 Sana'a 
Duk da cewa Moorman ƙwararriyar mawaƙiya ce, ba ta ci gaba da neman kiɗa ba, sai dai ta mai da hankali kan haɓaka kasuwanci.  A kusan shekarar 1895, Moorman ta fara aiki a matsayin ƙaramin wakili a harkar dillalan kaya. Bayan shekaru huɗu, ta fara aiki a Kamfanin Kasuwar Kasuwa da Gidaje na Metropolitan,  tana kula da ayyukan kamfanin a Brooklyn. Ta yi aiki a hukumar kula da ƙungiyoyin mata masu launi iri ɗaya ta ƙasa, kuma ta kasance memba mai himma a ƙungiyar mata ta ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Negro Business League ta New York. 

A shekarar 1906, ta kafa ƙungiyar mata 'yan kasuwa ta Metropolitan Business Woman's Club ta Brooklyn. Manufar da aka bayyana a matsayin kafa ƙungiyar ita ce ta sami kuɗi don gina wani gini wanda za a iya amfani da shi don tarurrukan ƙungiyoyi na 'yan kasuwa da ƙungiyoyi baƙaƙe.  An amince da ƙoƙarinta daga wasu sanannun masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin bakaken fata, kamar Dr. M. Cravath Simpson da Mary Church Terrell .  

Bayan tara isassun kuɗi, an tsare wani gini kuma an sanya masa kayan ɗaki uku, da kuma ofishin kasuwanci. A shekarar 1909, Moorman ta kafa Kamfanin Moorman-Harper, da nufin kula da zauren.  Wannan matakin ya kawo rikici daga membobin ƙungiyar Metropolitan Club, waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa ta kwace aikin da suka tara kuɗin don shi.  Bayan an yanke mata hukunci,    Moorman ta fara aiki a matsayin dillalin labarai.   A shekarar 1910, ta ɗauki nauyin zaɓen 'yan majalisa, ta amsa kiran Alva Belmont na shiga ƙungiyarta ta Siyasa Daidaito.   Ta zama mai magana akai-akai game da zaɓen 'yan mata,   ta ƙara mata suna a matsayin 'yar ƙungiyar 'yan gurguzu mai himma kuma sananniyar 'yar gurguzu.  

A ranar 24 ko 28 ga Nuwamba, 1911 a Brooklyn, Moorman ya auri James H. Blackston, wani manomi kuma ministan cocin Negro Baptist.   Ma'auratan sun rabu a watan Mayu na 1912  kuma Blackston ta sha wahala a fannin kuɗi a lokacin rabuwarsu. An yi mata bincike kan zargin zamba saboda ƙoƙarin neman taimako ta hanyar tsarin wasiku.   Rev. Blackston ya shigar da ƙarar soke shari'ar a shekarar 1914. Ya rasa shari'arsa cewa sun yi aure ne bisa hujjojin ƙarya, yana mai iƙirarin cewa bai san shari'o'inta na baya ba. Alkali ya yi watsi da shari'arsa a shekarar 1915 wanda ya umarce shi da ya biya diyya ga matarsa.  Shekara guda bayan haka, a watan Maris na 1916, ta kai ƙarar rabuwa kuma aka ba ta kuɗin tallafin dala $3 a kowane mako. 

A wannan shekarar, Blackston tana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka halarci laccar farko ta Marcus Garvey a birnin New York  kuma a shekarar 1917, ya zama shugabar Sashen Mata na Ƙungiyar Inganta Al'adu ta Duniya (UNIA) ta New York.  Lokacin da Garvey ya ƙaura da hedikwatarsa daga Jamaica zuwa birnin New York, a shekarar 1918, Blackston, Carrie B. Mero da Harriet Rogers su ne mata uku da suka taimaka masa wajen haɗa UNIA kuma aka naɗa su cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na mambobi shida.   Ta ci gaba da ayyukanta a ƙungiyoyi daban-daban kuma sau da yawa ta kasance mawaƙiya ko mai magana da yawun jama'a, duka a cikin gida da wajen birnin New York, tana bayyana a Philadelphia da kuma a wani taron tunawa da Madam CJ Walker a shekarar 1919.   

Lokacin da yaƙin neman zaɓen mata ya ƙare da amincewa da Kwaskwarima ta 19, Blackston, ta mayar da hankalinta ga Garveyism .  Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara siyan hannun jari a cikin kasuwancin Black Star Line lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a 1919.  Ta fahimci cewa fafutukar siyasa a matakin farko tana da tasiri wajen yin fafutukar daidaito tsakanin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Tun tana mai goyon bayan al'umma da kasuwanci na baƙar fata, ta ba da shawarar cewa baƙar fata su kaurace wa kasuwancin fararen fata su ƙirƙiri nasu kasuwancin don cike gibin.  A farkon shekarun 1920, tana sanya sunanta a matsayin Irene ko Irena Moorman Blackstone kuma za ta yi amfani da wannan suna har tsawon rayuwarta.  

A shekarar 1930, an zaɓi Blackstone a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin mata ta birnin New York  kuma a shekara mai zuwa, ta karɓi ragamar shugabancin reshen gida da na jiha na ƙungiyar.   A tsawon shekarun 1930, ta ci gaba da yin magana da gangami don neman amincewa da al'ummar baƙar fata da haƙƙin mata.   An san ta da zama mai jawabi mai ƙarfin hali da kuma ƙarfafa gwiwa, ta halarci muhawarar da ta jawo mata zuwa ga jam'iyyar Democrat  tare da yin kira ga Majalisar Mata ta Ƙasa ta Amurka da ta kare haƙƙin dukkan 'yan ƙasa na kaɗa ƙuri'a, ba tare da la'akari da launin fatarsu ko bauta da suka yi ba a baya .  A shekarar 1944, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba a Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Habasha . 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Ana tuna Blackstone saboda rawar da ta taka wajen haɗa yaƙin neman zaɓe, da kawo haɗin kan launin fata a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe na New York. Ana kuma tuna ta da dogon aikin da ta yi wajen tallafawa haɗin kan baƙar fata a matsayin hanyar samun daidaito tsakanin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa. Irene Blackstone ta mutu tana da shekaru 65 a Bronx da ke birnin New York a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1951.

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