Ruwan Kwalba a Amurka

Amurka ita ce babbar kasuwar masu amfani da ruwan kwalba a duniya, sai Mexico, China, da Brazil.

A shekarar 1975, Amurkawa ba sa shan ruwan kwalba—galan ɗaya kawai na ruwan kwalba ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara a matsakaici. Zuwa shekarar 2005, ya kai galan 26 (lita 98.5) ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. 

A shekarar 2008, tallace-tallacen ruwan kwalba a Amurka ya haura    na kashi 28.9% na kasuwar abubuwan sha masu ruwa-ruwa ta Amurka, wanda ya zarce tallace-tallacen duk wasu abubuwan sha banda abubuwan sha masu carbonated, sai kuma ruwan 'ya'yan itace da abubuwan sha na wasanni.  Zuwa shekarar 2011, wannan adadin ya karu zuwa galan biliyan 9.1.  A shekarar 2017, tallace-tallacen ruwa na mutum ɗaya ya kai dala biliyan 24.1.  Amurkawa suna shan  na ruwan kwalba ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Daga 1970 (samfura 16) sama da 1998 (samfura 50) zuwa 2012 (samfura 195), adadin samfuran ruwan ma'adinai a Amurka ya ƙaru sosai. 

 Majiyoyi 
Kimanin kashi 25% na ruwan kwalba da ake sayarwa a Amurka ruwan birni ne mai tsafta  bisa ga wani bincike na shekaru huɗu da Majalisar Tsaron Albarkatun Ƙasa (NRDC) ta gudanar. Duk Aquafina daga PepsiCo da Dasani daga Kamfanin Coca-Cola sun samo asali ne daga tsarin ruwa na birni.  Duk da haka, a cewar FDA, kusan kashi 75% na ruwan kwalba da ake sayarwa a Amurka ya fito ne daga wasu tushe, ciki har da "tushen ƙarƙashin ƙasa na halitta, wanda ya haɗa da koguna, tafkuna, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da rijiyoyin artesian." Dokokin tarayya kuma suna buƙatar a rubuta ma'aunin asali a kan lakabin kwalba.

 Dabaru na tallatawa 
Ruwa, wanda albarkatu ne na kyauta, ya zama abin sayarwa saboda sayar da ruwan kwalba. Hotunan da ke cikin tallan ruwan kwalba galibi suna cike da yanayi na halitta da kalmomi kamar "tsarkakakke," "mai kyau," da "na halitta" waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka kyakkyawan hoto na ruwan kwalba. Dabaru na tallan da ake amfani da su don ruwan kwalba suna da matuƙar muhimmanci saboda suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka kasuwa da kuma haɓaka ra'ayin cewa ruwan kwalba ya fi ruwan famfo kyau. Akwai ruwa da ake tallata wa 'yan wasa, yara, har ma da "buƙatu na musamman na mata." Yawancin samfuran ruwan yara suna tallata kwalaben shuɗi ga yara maza da kwalaben ruwan hoda ga 'yan mata. Har ma suna yin takamaiman ruwa ga dabbobin gida.

Ba wai kawai ana tallata samfuran kwalban ruwa musamman ga wasu ƙungiyoyin mutane ba, har ma suna yin iƙirarin lafiya. Kamfanoni da yawa yanzu sun ce suna ƙara " nutraceuticals " tare da bitamin da ma'adanai. Kamfanoni kuma suna sayar da ruwa mai ɗauke da nicotine, aspirin, da caffeine a cikinsu.Wilk, Richard (2006). "Bottled Water: The Pure Commodity in the Age of Branding". Journal of Consumer Culture. 6: 303–325. doi:10.1177/1469540506068681. hdl:2022/9923. S2CID 145086100.

 Dokoki 
Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna tana kula da ruwan kwalba bisa ga ƙa'idodin asali, ƙa'idodin inganci da kuma kyawawan hanyoyin masana'antu.Posnick, Lauren M. and Kim, Henry (2002). "Bottled Water Regulation and the FDA." Food Safety. August/September 2002. .

Akwai mutum ɗaya da ke kula da harkokin sarrafa ruwan kwalba a faɗin ƙasar.

Tsakanin kashi 60% zuwa 70% na dukkan ruwan kwalba ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar jihohi kuma FDA za ta iya tsara harkokin kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ne kawai. Saboda haka, kashi 60% zuwa 70% na ruwan kwalba ba a tsara su gaba ɗaya ba a Amurka. 

Ka'idojin asali suna bayyana nau'ikan ruwa don dalilai na lakabi:

 Da za a kira ruwan ƙasa, bai kamata ruwan ya kasance ƙarƙashin tasirin ruwan saman kai tsaye ba.
 Ruwan da ke ɗauke da sama da sassa 250 a kowace miliyan na jimillar daskararrun da aka narkar ruwan ma'adinai ne.
 Ruwan Artesian yana fitowa ne daga rijiya da ke busar da wani ruwa mai kauri wanda matakin ruwan yake tsaye a wani tsayi sama da saman ruwan; ana iya tattara shi da taimakon ƙarfin waje don ƙara matsin lamba na ƙasa.
 Ruwan da aka samar ta hanyar distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis ko makamancin haka, ruwa ne mai tsabta ko kuma mai narkewar ma'adanai .
 Ruwan da ke walƙiya yana ɗauke da adadin carbon dioxide iri ɗaya da yake samu a lokacin da yake fitowa daga tushen, kodayake ana iya cire shi a sake cika shi a lokacin magani.
 Dole ne ruwan bazara ya samo asali ne daga wani tsari na ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ruwa ke gudana ta halitta zuwa saman Duniya.
 Ruwan da ba shi da tsafta ya cika sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin "gwajin rashin tsafta" a Amurka .
 Ruwa rijiya ruwa ne da aka cire daga ramin da aka haƙa ko aka haƙa a ƙasa wanda ke shiga cikin wani ruwa mai zurfi.

Ka'idojin inganci suna daidaita matakan da suka dace na dattin ruwan, launi da warinsa, bisa ga binciken samfurin. Ana yin keɓancewa bisa ga matakan da aka yarda da su bisa ga kyau, kuma ba su da alaƙa da matsalolin lafiya. Misali, ruwan ma'adinai an keɓe shi daga matakan launi da aka yarda da su. 

 Manazarta