Libby Clark

Elizabeth "Libby" Clark (1917 ko 1918 - Janairu 23, 2012)  'yar jarida ce 'yar asalin Afirka-Amurka wacce nasarorinta suka haɗa da kafa mujalla a Los Angeles, yin aiki a matsayin marubuciyar jarida, da kuma kafa kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a na kanta.

 Shekarun farko 
Clark, ɗan asalin Chester, Pennsylvania, yana ɗaya daga cikin aƙalla yara shida da Samuel W. Clark da Emily G. Smith suka haifa.    

Clark ya kammala karatunsa ne a Jami'ar Columbia . 

 Sana'a 
A shekarar 1954, Clark ta ƙaddamar da mujallar FEM, wata mujalla da aka yi wa mata, wadda ta mayar da hankali kan 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa. Clark ta ce bayan haka, baya ga kasancewa mai ba da labari ga masu karatu, tana son wannan mujalla ta sa masu tallata su san yuwuwar siyan mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa masu miliyoyin daloli.

Clark ta yi rubutu a Chester Times kuma ta yi aiki a ofishin Pittsburgh Courier na Yammacin Tekun Amurka. Daga baya ta rubuta game da batutuwan abinci da zamantakewa na Los Angeles Sentinel tsawon shekaru 50. Shafinta, "Food For Thought," wanda ya shigar da wayar da kan jama'a kan siyasa a cikin labaran abinci ga masu sauraro, an tallata shi a jaridu 150  ta hannun Amalgamated Publishers, Inc. Daga 1989 zuwa 1994, ta buga "The Plum Book," wani littafi na shekara-shekara na 'Who's Who' a cikin al'ummar baƙar fata ta Los Angeles/Southern California, kuma ta rarraba shi kyauta ga 'yan siyasa da shugabannin al'umma a matsayin albarkatun al'umma.  Ta kuma gyara kuma ta rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar littafin girke-girke na Black Family Reunion, wanda ya sayar da kwafi sama da 250,000 kuma ya zama jerin sunayen da aka fi sayarwa a 1991. A shekarar 1951, Jami'ar Southern California (USC) ta naɗa Clark a matsayin ɗan jarida wanda zai raka ƙungiyar ɗaliban USC zuwa rangadin watanni biyu na Turai da kuma bayar da rahoto kan ayyukan ɗaliban. 

Clark ta kuma yi amfani da ƙwarewarta ta aikin jarida a fannin hulɗa da jama'a lokacin da ta zama Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Afirka ta farko da ke da lasisin kasuwanci don mallakar kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a, Libby Clark Associates, a California; ta ci gaba da gudanar da kamfanin tsawon shekaru 50.  name="aw"> A shekarar 1969, Gundumar Los Angeles ta ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin jami'ar bayanai ta jama'a a Asibitin Martin Luther King Jr. da aka gina a wancan lokacin. 

Ɗaya daga cikin abokan hulɗarta ta hulɗa da jama'a ita ce marubucin fina-finai, mai haɗin gwiwa da Lenny Bruce  ( Leather Jacket,  Killer's Grave and The Degenerate  ), marubuci,  name="GR/wkt">  name="gettyimages/2113102355"> mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto  name="mM/wKt"> William Karl Thomas (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1933 a Bay St. Louis, Mississippi  name="mM/wkt-Bio"> ), wanda, a cikin 2011, ya buga wani labari mai suna "Cleo,"  name="goodreads/cleo">   bisa ga haɗin gwiwarsa na shekaru goma da Miss Libby Clark a shekarun 1950 da 1960. A cikin littafin ya bayyana abota ta sirri da shahararrun mutane Lena Horne, Dorothy Dandridge, James Baldwin, Tom Bradley, Leo Branton, da sauransu. Ya kuma haɗa da wasu daga cikin rahotannin da ta bayar a shekarar 1960 game da 'yancin kai na Najeriya a Afirka tare da wasu daga cikin hirarrakinta da Golda Meir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, da Gimbiya Alexandra daga Ingila. Shafin yanar gizon mawallafin Thomas ya haɗa da samfurin ɗaukar hotonsa tare da hotunan Libby Clark. 

 Ganewa 
Lokacin da take da shekaru 85, Clark ta sami kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Ƙungiyar Mawallafan Jaridu ta Ƙasa . Fleischer, Matthew (February 2, 2012). "Trailblazing Black Female Journalist Libby Clark Dies at 94". AdWeek. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018. A shekarar 1992, an karrama ta da cin abincin dare na fa'ida domin girmama shekaru hamsin da ta yi tana aikin jarida. Kuɗaɗen da aka tara a wurin taron sun je ga Asusun Tallafawa 'Yan Afirka da Amirka na McGarrity Memorial, wanda ke taimaka wa ɗaliban Afirka da Amirka. Maraice ya haɗa da "sanarwar da aka yi daga fitattun 'yan siyasa a California suna yaba mata tsawon shekaru da ta yi tana yi wa al'umma hidima." 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Clark ya yi aure sau huɗu: a shekarar 1942 ga Samuel William, wani ma'aikacin ƙarfe kuma mai gidan wanka a Chester, Pennsylvania, har sai da suka rabu a shekarar 1947; [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">an buƙata ambato</span> ] a shekarar 1955 ga Walter Stanley, ma'aikacin jirgin sama kuma mai gidan mai a Los Angeles, wanda aka soke aurensa a shekarar 1956;    a shekarar 1970 ga Jim Allen, wani babban ɗan kwangilar gini wanda ya kasance abokin hulɗa da jama'a na tsawon shekaru 10 kuma wanda ya mutu watanni 8 bayan aurensu sakamakon raunin kwakwalwa da ya samu yayin da yake duba wani ƙaramin sashe da yake ginawa;   da kuma a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1977 ga John E. Fegan, wanda ya mallaki shagunan haya na tuxedo,  wanda aka soke aurensa bayan shekara guda. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">an buƙata ambato</span> ] A cikin shekaru goma daga 1957 zuwa 1967, ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa ta ƙwararru da ta kashin kai da marubucin, William Karl Thomas, wanda ke da shekaru goma sha biyar a ƙarƙashinta. 

 Mutuwa 
Clark ya mutu sakamakon cutar Alzheimer a Inglewood, California, a shekarar 2012. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917
Rukuni:Matattun 2012