Ƙarfin Aiki da Nazarin Magunguna

Ƙungiyar Nazarin Aiki Mai Hankali, wacce aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Nazarin Aiki ( simplified Chinese          ; Faransanci : Mouvement Travail-Études ), jerin shirye-shiryen nazarin aiki ne wanda ya kawo ɗaliban Sin zuwa Faransa da Belgium don yin aiki a masana'antu a matsayin hanyar biyan kuɗin karatunsu na al'adun Faransa da kimiyyar Yamma. Shirye-shiryen sun yi nufin horar da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na China tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 30 ta hanyar gogewa ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata.  : 35 An shirya shirye-shiryen ne tsakanin 1912 da 1927, galibi ta hanyar gungun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasar Sin wadanda suka zo Paris kuma suna son gabatar da kimiyya da ra'ayin zamantakewa na Faransa ga kasar Sin.

Bayan shirya ƙananan shirye-shirye tun daga shekarar 1908, a shekarar 1916, bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, masu shirya taron na Sin sun yi aiki tare da gwamnatocin China da Faransa don kafa shirin Nazarin Aiki Mai Kyau, wanda ya kawo ma'aikatan China marasa ilimi, kuma suka ci gaba da kawo ɗalibai bayan ƙarshen yaƙin na 1919. Gabaɗaya, dubban 'yan China sun zo Faransa a matsayin ma'aikatan ɗalibai, kodayake ba duka membobin shirin ba ne. Sun haɗa da shugabannin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China na gaba kamar Zhou Enlai da Deng Xiaoping, da kuma wasu waɗanda suka ci gaba da taka rawa a China.

Ana tunawa da wannan motsi a wani ƙaramin gidan tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Abokantaka tsakanin Faransa da Sin, a garin Montargis inda ɗaliban da suka halarci taron suka zauna.

 Asalin 
Tun kafin gurguzu na gurguzu ya shigo China, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasar Sin sun dauki nauyin aiki da kuma ilmantar da ma'aikata. Shugabannin kungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta kasar Sin a Paris - Li Shizeng, Wu Zhihui, Zhang Renjie . Wang Jingwei, [1] Wu Yuzhang, da Cai Yuanpei - sun goyi bayan Sun Yat-sen amma sun roke shi da ya kara wani bangare na zamantakewa da al'adu ga shirin juyin juya halin siyasa nasa. Sun yi jayayya cewa mutane ba za su iya 'yantar da kansu ba, amma maza masu ilimi suna da alhakin a matsayin malamai su yi amfani da ilimin ɗabi'a da kuma daidaiton kai don nuna wa wasu hanya. A lokacin, yawancin daliban da suka tafi kasashen waje sun tafi neman tallafin karatu na gwamnati zuwa Japan, kodayake Ofishin Ilimi na kasar Sin na 1872-1881 da Shirin Ba da Lamuni na Boxer sun aika dalibai zuwa Amurka. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Paris sun yi sha'awar kafa musayar ra'ayi da Faransa, wanda suka dauke shi a matsayin al'umma mai ci gaba da kuma ta duniya. [ 3 ]

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