Esther Martinez

Esther Martinez, wanda aka fi sani da Estefanita Martinez (1912 - 16 ga Satumba, 2006), masanin harshe ne kuma mai ba da labari ga mutanen Tewa na New Mexico . An ba Martinez sunan Tewa P" Tsoeą́wą̈́ (ma'anar Ruwa Mai Laushi) kuma an san shi da sunaye daban-daban na ƙauna, gami da "Ko'oe Esther" da "Aunty Esther".

Ta rayu har ta kai shekaru 94, kuma an san ta da jajircewarta na kiyaye harshen Tewa. An buga San Juan Pueblo Tewa Dictionary a shekarar 1982.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
Martinez ya girma a Kudu maso Yamma. An haife ta ne a Ignacio, Colorado, inda ta zauna tare da iyayenta; daga baya, ta zauna tare le kakanninta a Ohkay Owingeh .  Daga baya a rayuwa, za ta rubuta: Ku da kakanni da zan yi magana da su muna da sa'a sosai, saboda ina girmama kakanni da abubuwan da na koya daga gare su. Kakan na ya kasance mai ba da labari. Mutanen Indiya suna samun darussan su daga labarun da aka fada tun suna yara. Don haka yawancin labarunmu abubuwan ilmantarwa ne.Martinez ya halarci Makarantar Indiya ta Santa Fe da Makarantar Indiyawan Albuquerque, ya kammala karatu daga ƙarshen a cikin 1930. 

"Sai ta tsira daga shekarunta a makarantar kwana kuma ta ci gaba da taimaka wa al'ummarta ta hanyar ci gaba da yaren wata sanarwa ce mai ƙarfi", in ji jikanta, Matthew J. Martinez. "Duk da yanayin da ya fi tsanani, har yanzu tana da wannan sha'awar riƙe yarinta da al'adunta kuma ta rubuta shi kuma ta ba da shi", in ji Martinez, wanda ya koyi Tewa daga gare ta. "

Yayinda ta girma, Esther Martinez za ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan zakara a cikin gwagwarmaya don adana harshen Tewa. Uwargidan farko ta New Mexico, Barbara Richardson, ta ce "Ta ci gaba da kusan ita kaɗai ta ceci yaren Tewa".

 Kyauta 
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006, US H.R. 4766, an sanya hannu kan Dokar Kare Harsunan 'Yan asalin Amurka ta Esther Martinez, ta zama doka, ta ba da izinin kudade ga sababbin shirye-shiryen da kabilun za su yi amfani da su don hana asarar al'adun da al'adu. Ya zuwa ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2012, mambobin tawagar majalisa ta New Mexico sun gabatar da doka don tsawaita shirin na wasu shekaru biyar.

San Juan Pueblo Tewa Dictionary, wanda Martinez ya rubuta a cikin 1992, an bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin manyan waɗannan ƙoƙarin don yin rubuce-rubuce game da yaren da ke cikin haɗari, "... Melissa Axelrod, mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar New Mexico.[by] "Yana da wadataccen ƙamus da bayanan ilimin lissafi kuma yana da wadata da bambancin al'adu".

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2008, jikanta, Dokta Matthew J. Martinez "yana aiki a Kwamitin Makarantar Ohkay Owingeh, inda yake taimakawa wajen aiwatarwa da tallafawa tsarin karatun yaren Tewa. "

 Littattafai 

 Rayuwata A San Juan Pueblo: Labaran Esther Martinez . Jami'ar Illinois Press, 2004  
 Naughty Little Rabbit da Tsohon Mutum Coyote: Labarin Tewa daga San Juan Pueblo, (a matsayin Estefanita Martinez) An kwatanta shi da Rick Regan, Children's Press, Chicago, 1992  
 San Juan Pueblo Tewa Dictionary. San Juan Pueblo Bilingual Program, San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico, 1982; Bishop Publishing, 1983.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912