David Riazanov

David Riazanov ko Ryazanov ( Russian   ), haifaffen David Borisovich Goldendakh ( Russian   Бори́сович Гольдендах ; 10 Maris 1870 - 21 Janairu 1938), ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Rasha, masanin tarihi, mai rubuta littattafai, masanin ilmin Marx kuma mai adana tarihi . Ya kasance tsohon abokin hulɗa da Leon Trotsky .   Riazanov ya kafa Cibiyar Marx-Engels kuma ya gyara babban ƙoƙarin farko don buga ayyukan da aka tattara na waɗannan waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar gurguzu ta zamani. Riazanov ya kasance fitaccen wanda aka azabtar da Babban Ta'addanci na ƙarshen shekarun 1930.

 Shekarun farko 
An haifi David Borisovich Goldendakh a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1870 ga wani uba Bayahude kuma uwa 'yar Rasha a Odessa, Daular Rasha (yanzu Ukraine).  Lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, David Riazanov ya shiga sahun masu juyin juya hali na Narodnik da ke ƙoƙarin kifar da mulkin kama-karya na tsar na Rasha.  Riazanov ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Odessa amma an kore shi a shekarar 1886, ba saboda ayyukan juyin juya hali ko rashin biyayya ba, sai dai saboda "rashin iyawa mara bege." 
Riazanov ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje a shekarun 1889 da 1891 inda ya haɗu da wasu masu ra'ayin gurguzu na Rasha waɗanda ke gina ƙungiyoyin juyin juya hali a can.  Bayan tafiyarsa ta biyu, an kama Riazanov a watan Oktoban 1891 a kan iyakar Austria da Rasha ta hannun ' yan sandan sirri na tsarist, waɗanda suka daɗe suna zargin ayyukan juyin juya hali nasa.  Riazanov ya shafe watanni 15 a gidan yari yana jiran shari'a, inda aka yanke masa hukunci aka kuma yanke masa hukuncin ƙarin shekaru huɗu na katorga (gudun hijira da aiki tuƙuru).  Bayan kammala wa'adin mulkinsa, Riazanov ya shafe shekaru 3 na gudun hijira a ƙarƙashin kulawar 'yan sanda a birnin Kishinev, Bessarabia (wanda a yanzu ɓangare ne na Moldova ). 

 Lokacin farko na hijira 
A shekara ta 1900, Riazanov ya yi gudun hijira . A shekara mai zuwa a Berlin, Riazanov da abokan aikinsa sun kafa wata ƙaramar ƙungiyar Marxist mai suna "Borba" (Gwagwarmaya), wadda ta yi ƙoƙarin haɗa kan masu ra'ayin Marxist na Rasha 'yan gudun hijira. [1] An cire ƙungiyar Riazanov daga babban taron jam'iyyar Labour ta Social Democratic Party ta Rasha wanda aka gudanar a Landan da Brussels a lokacin bazara na 1903. [2] Da yake jam'iyyar ta rabu tsakanin fikafikan Bolshevik da Menshevik bayan wannan babban taron, Riazanov da abokan aikinsa sun ƙi shiga kowace ƙungiya. [1]

 Manazarta