Norma Borthwick

Mariella Norma Borthwick (25 ga Yulin 1862 - 13 ga Yunin 1934) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma marubuciya kuma mai fafutukar yaren Irish.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Mariella Norma Borthwick a Highfield, Higher Bebington, Chester, a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1862. Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata biyar da' ya'ya maza uku na ɗan kasuwa George Borthwick, da Mary Elizabeth Borthwick (née MacDonald). Kodayake an haife ta ne a Ingila, Borthwick ta dauki kanta a matsayin Scot na zuriyar Gaelic. Tun tana ƙarama ta nuna sha'awar al'adun Ireland, kuma ta koyi yaren Irish a Southwark Literary Society a London.

 Yin aiki tare da harshen Irish 
Wani mai zane-zane mai basira,  Borthwick ta sami shahara a Ireland da farko ta hanyar zane-zane na korar masu haya a gidan Olphert a Gweedore, County Donegal wanda United Ireland ta buga a ƙarshen 1890. Ta shiga cikin motsi na harshe a London da Dublin, tana ziyartar yammacin Ireland da tsibirin Aran a kai a kai. 

A watan Janairun shekara ta 1895, Borthwick ya shiga Gaelic League a London, kuma yayin da yake zaune a Markham Square, Chelsea ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi. Ta lashe lambar yabo saboda rubutunta, Brí na NAPI i GCUIS na NAPTACHTA (Mahimmancin harshe ga dalilin kishin kasa), a farkon Oireachtas na Gaeilge a shekara ta 1897, a karkashin sunan "Aodh Rua" (Red Hugh). A shekara mai zuwa ta lashe kyautar waka. Lokacin da aka kirkiro Irish Texts Society a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1898 a London Borthwick da Eleanor Hull sune sakatare na farko.

Daga Mayu zuwa Disamba 1898 Borthwick ya yi aiki a majalisar tsakiya ta Gaelic League a matsayin sakatare, kuma ya zama memba na majalisar zartarwa a shekara ta 1899. A wannan shekarar ta kasance sakatariyar shekara ta Oireachtas na Gaeilge, tare da " iliminta da dandano" da aka lura da ita a matsayin mai fa'ida ga kungiyar.

Borthwick ya kasance shugaban sabon reshen Gaelic League a Drumcondra, Dublin a cikin 1900.Rouse, Paul (2009). "Borthwick, Mariella Norma". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bayan ta yi murabus daga kungiyar, akwai karancin sanannun muryoyin mata masu karfi a cikin kungiyar.

 Manazarta