Adeline Smith

Adeline Smith (Maris 15, 1918 - Maris 19, 2013) (Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe) tsohuwar Amurka ce, marubuciya, mai fafutuka, kuma mai kiyaye al'adu. Ta kasance memba na ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin Klallam na asali guda huɗu na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific.Rice, Arwyn (2013-03-19). "Lower Elwha tribal elder Adeline Smith, 95, dies". Peninsula Daily News. Retrieved 2013-04-16.

Smith na ɗaya daga cikin masu magana da Harshen Klallam guda biyu da suka yi magana da shi a matsayin yaren farko. Smith ya jagoranci kokarin farfado da harshen Klallam. Adeline Smith ta kirkiro haruffa na farko na Klallam tare da Timothy Montler, farfesa a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Arewacin Texas .  Smith da Montler sun kuma haɓaka ƙamus na farko na Klallam, wanda aka buga a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012.  Ita ce mafi yawan masu ba da gudummawa, tana ba da kalmomi da jimloli 12,000 ga ƙamus.  Ayyukanta na farfadowa sun ba da damar koyar da harshen Klallam ga ɗaliban jama'a da masu zaman kansu daga makarantar sakandare har zuwa makarantar sakandare.  

Smith ya kuma goyi bayan adana Tse-whit-zen, ƙauyen tarihi na Lower Elwha wanda ke da kimanin shekaru 2,700, wanda aka sake ganowa yayin aikin gini a bakin ruwa a Port Angeles, da kuma maido da Kogin Elwha. Cire madatsar ruwan Elwha, wanda ya fara a watan Satumbar 2011, ya zubar da tafkin Lake Aldwell, wanda aka kirkira kafin a haife ta. Halakar madatsun ruwa da kuma zubar da ruwa na tafkin sun gano wurin kirkirar bikin Klallam.

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Smith a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1918.  An haife ta ne a gidan iyali a kan Kogin Elwha, a waje da Port Angeles, Washington .  Iyalinta suna magana da Klallam kawai a gida kuma Smith ba ta da sunan Harshen Ingilishi har sai da ta fara shiga Makarantar jama'a lokacin da take 'yar shekara bakwai. Kakanninta sun ba da tarihin iyali da ba a rubuta ba, Tarihin baki tare da abubuwan da suka faru daga ƙarshen karni na 18.

Smith was forced to leave Chemawa Indian School, a boarding school in Salem, Oregon, shortly before her graduation due to the death of her mother and needs of her family. At age 18 she moved to Seattle with her niece, Bea Charles, to find work, despite the widespread discrimination against Native Americans at the time. (Bea Charles, who died in 2009, later became a noted Klallam linguist).

Smith ta yi aiki a jerin ayyuka, ta sami aiki a matsayin Mai ba da abinci da kuma ma'aikacin Goodwill Industries. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Smith ya yi aiki a matsayin mai walda a wani masana'antar Jirgin ruwa a San Francisco da kuma a wani kamfanin Boeing a Seattle.

 Adana harshe na Klallam 
Smith tana aiki a Neah Bay, Washington, a matsayin mai karɓar salal lokacin da ta yanke shawarar komawa dindindin zuwa ajiyar Lower Elwha Klallam a waje da Port Angeles. Ta yi aiki a waje da ajiyar sama da shekaru arba'in a wannan lokacin. Da zarar ta dawo tare da Lower Elwha, sai ta fara koyar da tarihin Klallam da al'adu.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Smith ya fara ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen Klallam, wanda ya fadi cikin rashin amfani. Ta kirkiro haruffa na farko na Klallam tare da Timothy Montler, farfesa a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Arewacin Texas. Ta yi aiki tare da Montler a cikin shekarun 1990, 2000, da farkon shekarun 2010 don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na farko na harshen Klallam.  Smith ta ba da gudummawar kalmomi 12,000 ga ƙamus, wanda ya sa ta zama mafi girman mai ba da gud gudummawa ga sabon ƙamus. Don shigarwar bincike don ƙamus, Smith ya rubuta rikodin yaren Khallam, wanda marigayi masanin ilimin kabilanci John Peabody Harrington ya yi a cikin al'ummomin Khallam a cikin 1942. Rubutun ya ɗauki watanni don kammalawa.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918