Ilimi na kiwon lafiya

Ilimin kiwon lafiya sana'a ce ta ilimantar da mutane game da kiwon lafiya.[1] Yankunan da ke cikin wannan sana'a sun haɗa da lafiyar muhalli, lafiyar jiki, lafiyar zamantakewa, lafiyar motsin rai, lafiyar hankali, da lafiyar ruhaniya, gami da ilimin lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa.[2][3] Hakanan ana iya bayyana shi azaman kowane haɗuwa da ayyukan ilmantarwa waɗanda ke da niyyar taimakawa mutane da al'ummomi inganta lafiyarsu ta hanyar fadada ilimi ko canza halayen.

An bayyana ilimin kiwon lafiya daban-daban ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Taron Kasa kan Magungunan Rigakafi a cikin 1975 ya bayyana shi a matsayin "tsarin da ke ba da labari, motsawa, da kuma taimaka wa mutane su karɓi da kiyaye kyawawan ayyuka da salon rayuwa, suna ba da shawarar canje-canjen muhalli kamar yadda ake buƙata don sauƙaƙe wannan burin, kuma suna gudanar da horo da bincike na sana'a da bincike har zuwa wannan ƙarshen. [1] Kwamitin hadin gwiwa kan Ilimi na Kiwon Lafiya da aka tsara na 2001 ya bayyana a matsayin "koyon Lafiya da ke samar da mutane, ƙungiyoyi masu kyau don inganta damar samun bayanai da al'umma don inganta inganta inganta inganta ilimi na rayuwa, wanda ya haɗa da ƙwarewar lafiya"[2][3]

 Tarihi 
Sau da yawa ana tunanin cewa ilimin kiwon lafiya ya fara ne da farkon kiwon lafiya a farkon tarihin tarihi yayin da aka ba da ilimi daga tsara zuwa tsara.[1] Wasu mutane na iya mamakin jin cewa tushen ilimin kiwon lafiya ya samo asali ne daga Helenawa tsakanin karni na shida da na huɗu KZ. Sun canza mayar da hankali daga ra'ayoyin camfi da allahntaka na kiwon lafiya zuwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka, bisa ga takardun da aka gano. Sun tattauna yadda lafiyar jiki, saitunan zamantakewa, da halayyar ɗan adam ke da alaƙa da hana cututtuka da kiyaye lafiya mai kyau. Helenawa suna so su karfafa mutane da al'ummomi ta hanyar kafa saitunan tallafi da ka'idojin da za su inganta shan magani da kuma tabbatar da halayen lafiya. Sun yi haka ta hanyar ilimantar da mutane game da lafiyarsu da haɓaka ƙwarewarsu.[2] Sauran matani da aka adana daga wayewar zamani a China, Indiya, Misira, Roma, Farisa suma suna dauke da bayanai game da cututtuka daban-daban, nau'ikan jiyya, har ma da matakan kariya.[1] Daga baya aka kafa makarantar likita ta farko a ƙarshen karni na 8 a Salerno, Italiya kuma ta mayar da hankali ga wani muhimmin bangare na tsarin karatun ta kan tsabta da salon rayuwa mai kyau.[1] Daga baya, na'urar buga littattafai ta Johann Guttenberg ta shirya hanya don yin kayan ilimi da suka fi dacewa kamar yadda wasu daga cikin abubuwan farko da za a buga su ne litattafai game da kiwon lafiya.[1] Kayan bayanai da ke dauke da bayanai game da tsabta da salon rayuwa mai kyau sun zama sanannun kayan aiki don yaki da annoba.[1] A cikin karni na 19, "karin hankali" ya fara ƙaruwa don inganta ilimin matsakaicin mutane game da kiwon lafiya da sauran batutuwa.[1] Kamar yadda magani ya ci gaba, tare da sababbin fannoni da aka kirkira don magance sabbin matsaloli, haka ma yana da hanyoyin samar da ilimin kiwon lafiya.[1]

Kafin shekarun 1960, likitan ne ke kula da shi kuma ana sa ran marasa lafiya su taka rawar gani a cikin yanke shawara na kiwon lafiya. A shekara ta 1976, an kafa mujallar Ilimi da Shawarwari na Marasa Lafiya kuma manufar ilimin kiwon lafiya ta fara tashi da gaske. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin da ya zama bayyananne cewa idan an sanar da marasa lafiya game da lafiyarsu, za su iya inganta shi ta hanyar sauye-sauye daban-daban na rayuwa. A cikin shekarun 1980s, kungiyoyin masu ba da shawara masu haƙuri sun ja hankalin jama'a ga batun haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙuri kamar haƙƙin a sanar da su game da yanayin kiwon lafiya da zaɓuɓɓuka masu yuwuwa don kulawa. Shekaru na 1990 sun kawo cikakkiyar tsarin yanke shawara na raba da ke cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya a yau, gami da fitowar sadarwa ta kiwon lafiya ta lantarki. A ƙarshe, a cikin karni na 21, an sami fitowar ƙungiyoyi da aka tsara a matsayin dandamali don inganta ilimin kiwon lafiya da sadarwa.

A cikin Amurka musamman...

Manufar da tsarin ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka sun samo asali ne a tsawon lokaci. Daga ƙarshen karni na goma sha tara zuwa tsakiyar karni na ashirin, manufar kiwon lafiyar jama'a ita ce sarrafa cutar daga cututtukan cututtuka, waɗanda galibi suna ƙarƙashin iko a cikin shekarun 1950. Babban yanayin kwanan nan game da canza ma'anar ilimin kiwon lafiya na makaranta shine karuwar amincewa cewa ilimin makaranta yana tasiri ga halayyar manya.

A cikin shekarun 1970s, ana kallon ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka galibi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyin kiwon lafiya ga waɗanda ya kamata su yi su. A wannan lokacin, ya bayyana a fili cewa rage rashin lafiya, mutuwa, da hauhawar farashin kiwon lafiya za a iya cimma ta hanyar mai da hankali kan inganta kiwon lafiya da rigakafin cututtuka. A zuciyar sabon tsarin shine rawar malami na kiwon lafiya.

A cikin shekarun 1980s ma'anar ta fara haɗa da imanin cewa ilimi hanya ce ta karfafawa ga mutum, yana ba su damar yin yanke shawara na kiwon lafiya. Ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka ya zama "tsarin taimakawa mutane... don yin yanke shawara mai kyau game da batutuwan da suka shafi lafiyarsu da lafiyar wasu. "  Wannan ma'anar ta fito ne a cikin wannan shekarar kamar binciken farko na ilimin kiwon lafiya na kasa a makarantu a Amurka, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da hanyar da ta fi dacewa don ilimantar da matasa kan batutuwan kiwon lafiya. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ƙaddamar da shirin Lafiya na Duniya wanda ke da niyyar haɓaka "makarantu masu inganta kiwon lafiya", wanda zai inganta shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na makaranta a kowane mataki ciki har da: na gida, na yanki, na ƙasa, da na duniya.Donatelle, R. (2009). Promoting Healthy Behavior Change. Health: The basics. (pp. 4). 8th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

A yau ana ganin ilimin kiwon lafiya na makaranta a Amurka a matsayin "cikakken tsarin kiwon lafiya", wanda ke haɗawa da al'umma, makarantu, da aikin kula da haƙuri, wanda "Ilimi na kiwon lafiya ya rufe ci gaba daga Rigakafin cututtuka da inganta lafiyar lafiya mafi kyau zuwa gano rashin lafiya zuwa magani, farfadowa, da kulawa ta dogon lokaci. "  Wannan ra'ayi an tsara shi kwanan nan a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya na yanzu a matsayin 'ci'antar lafiya', magana da ake amfani da ita tare da ilimin kiwon lafiyar jiki, kodayake inganta kiwon lafiya yana da yawa a mayar da hankali.

 Matsayin Kwararren Ilimi na Lafiya 
Malamin kiwon lafiya shine "mutumin da aka shirya da ƙwarewa wanda ke aiki a matsayi daban-daban kuma an horar da shi musamman don amfani da dabarun ilimi da hanyoyin da suka dace don sauƙaƙe ci gaban manufofi, hanyoyin, tsoma baki, da tsarin da ke da alaƙa da lafiyar mutane, kungiyoyi, da al'ummomi" (Kwamitin hadin gwiwa kan Terminology, 2001, shafi na 100). A wasu kalmomi, suna gudanarwa, kimantawa, da kuma tsara ayyukan da suka shafi inganta lafiyar da jin daɗin mutane. Misalan wannan sun haɗa da "malamai marasa lafiya, malamai na ilimin kiwon lafiya, masu horarwa, masu shirya al'umma, da manajojin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya". McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Akwai bambancin sunayen aiki kuma saboda wannan, babu wani tsarin tsarin tsarin ilimin kiwon lafiyar daya. A watan Janairun 1978 an kafa aikin Role Delineation Project, don bayyana muhimman matsayi da alhakin malamin kiwon lafiya. Sakamakon ya kasance Tsarin don Ci gaban Kwarewar Kwarewa don Malaman Lafiya na Mataki (NCHEC, 1985). Sakamakon na biyu shi ne sake fasalin Tsarin Kwarewa don Ci gaban Kwarewar Kwarewar Masana Ilimi na Lafiya (NCHEC, 1996). Wadannan takardun sun tsara fannoni bakwai na alhakin da aka nuna a ƙasa. Binciken Kwararren Ilimi na Lafiya (HESPA II 2020) ya samar da "sabon tsarin matsayi tare da Yankuna 8 na Hakki, 35 Kwarewa, da 193 Ƙananan ƙwarewa". Donatelle, R. (2009). Promoting Healthy Behavior Change. Health: The basics. (pp. 4). 8th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. 

Ilimi na kiwon lafiya yana da niyyar yin tasiri nan da nan ga ilimin mutum, halayyar, ko halin mutum game da batun da ya shafi kiwon lafiya tare da manufar inganta ingancin rayuwa ko matsayin kiwon lafiya ga mutum. Ilimin kiwon lafiya yana amfani da da dabarun shiga tsakani daban-daban a cikin ayyukanta don inganta ingancin rayuwa da yanayin kiwon lafiya. Shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani na ilimin kiwon lafiya sun haɗa da haɗin da aka tsara na abubuwa waɗanda ke aiki tare don samar da canji a cikin ƙwarewar mutum, halayyar, ilimi, ko matsayi da ke da alaƙa da kiwon lafiya.

 Malaman Lafiya 
An bayyana ilimin kiwon lafiya na tsara a matsayin matakin dalibi don sanar da takwarorinsu yadda za a rayu cikin salon rayuwa mai kyau. Rigakafi shine babban bangare na wannan ra'ayin kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da barasa, lafiyar jima'i, da ilimin jin daɗi na motsin rai ban da sauran fannoni da yawa. Sloane da Zimmer sun kuma bayyana ilimin kiwon lafiya na tsara a matsayin "alamu masu motsawa da aka tsara don karfafa ɗalibai don taimakawa juna inganta ka'idojin kiwon lafiya da halaye masu kyau".  Masana ilimin kiwon lafiyar jiki galibi suna ba da shawara ga malamai; wannan yana haifar da dangantaka tare da masu sana'a yayin da suke samar da albarkatun da suka dace da samfuran da ake buƙata don ilimantar da ɗalibai da yawa.

An yi mafi yawan bincike kan malamai a cikin kwalejoji da jami'o'i a cikin wayewar Yamma. Koyaya, ana ganin takamaiman misali na ilimin kiwon lafiya na tsara a cikin Kwarewar Shantou a China. A cikin wannan gogewa, an zaɓi ɗaliban likitanci don ilimantar da takwarorinsu kan batutuwa daga abinci da jima'i mafi aminci zuwa lafiyar hankali da ta jiki. An yi amfani da tambayoyin da aka gudanar da kansu don bin diddigin sakamakon daga mahalarta da kuma daga malamai na kiwon lafiya. Dangane da sakamakon tambayoyin, "Dukan malamai na tsara sun amsa da kyau kuma yawancin ɗaliban da suka amsa sun kimanta da kyau. Ko da yake wasu ɗalibai sun fi son neman bayanan kiwon lafiya a kan layi, kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ɗaliban da aka amsa za su tuntubi malamai". Daga ƙarshe, ilimin tsara yana da karɓa mafi girma a cikin al'ummomin Yamma kuma zai buƙaci "daidaita al'adu don ingantaccen tasiri a China" da sauran al'ummomi na Gabas.

 Koyarwa Koyarwa 
A Amurka, kusan jihohi arba'in suna buƙatar koyar da ilimin kiwon lafiya. Cikakken tsarin ilimin kiwon lafiya ya ƙunshi abubuwan da aka tsara na ilmantarwa waɗanda za su taimaka wa ɗalibai su cimma halayen da ake so da ayyukan da suka shafi batutuwan kiwon lafiya masu mahimmanci. Bincike ya nuna cewa ɗalibai suna iya gano yadda motsin rai da halaye masu kyau na cin abinci zasu iya tasiri ga juna.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sune: lafiyar motsin rai da kuma kyakkyawan siffar kai; godiya, girmamawa, da kula da Jikin mutum da muhimman gabobin sa; lafiyar jiki; batutuwan kiwon lafiya na barasa, taba, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi; kuskuren kiwon lafiya da tatsuniyoyi; tasirin motsa jiki akan tsarin jiki da kuma lafiyar jiki gaba ɗaya; Abinci mai gina jiki da Kula da nauyi; dangantakar jima'i, abinci na kimiyya, zamantakewa, da kuma tattalin arziki al'amuran lafiyar muhalli; shirye-shiryen jama'a da cututattun cututtukani da cutututtuka masu lalacewa ciki har da cututsin lafiya; shirye-ta; shirye-tsayi; kula da cutututuwan lafiya na lafiyar jiki na mutum;

 Lafiyar Zuciya 
Batun lafiyar kwakwalwa yana samun karin wayar da kan jama'a kuma yana zama ra'ayi mai karɓa a cikin al'umma. Koyaya matsakaicin ilimin lafiyar kwakwalwa na mutum, ikon mutum na "... ganewa, sarrafawa, da hana cututtukan kwakwalwa", ba a yarda da shi ba. Samun MHL mai ci gaba sosai zai ba da damar ɗalibai su ba kawai sarrafa lafiyar hankalinsu ba amma su taimaka wa wasu ma. A cikin sake dubawa na Seedaket et als, sun kammala cewa duka matakan makaranta da na al'umma na iya samun nasara wajen inganta MHL.

Koyar da yara game da lafiyar kwakwalwa a makaranta na iya taimaka musu su ga lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar yadda ya faru na al'ada kuma ba wani abu da ya kamata a yi watsi da shi ba. A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan mun ga ƙoƙari na kara wannan hanyar koyarwa a cikin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya. Batun yanzu shine cewa "...malamai suna da ƙwarewa kaɗan don sarrafa matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa masu rikitarwa". Lafiyar kwakwalwa da MHL ra'ayoyi ne masu rikitarwa. Malamai ba su da irin wannan horo na likita don koya wa ɗalibai duk abin da suke buƙatar sani. Don taimakawa malamai su sami ikon koyar da batutuwan lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma taimakawa amincewarsu da ikon koyar da waɗannan batutuwa, ya kamata a yi ƙarin takamaiman horo.

Ana iya koyar da ɗalibai game da lafiyar hankali tare da tsoma baki na al'umma. Wannan yana ba da damar kawo masana da kuma koyar da matasa game da alamun rashin lafiya na hankali da hanyoyin taimakawa wajen sarrafa su. Wannan bayanin na iya taimakawa wajen kara MHL na mutum da kuma taimaka musu a makomarsu. Ya kamata iyaye su kuma sanar da yaransu game da waɗannan batutuwa. Kasancewa da tattaunawa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa zai haifar da yanayi inda yaron yake jin dadi yana magana game da wannan batun tare da masu kula da su. Ya kamata su kasance masu tallafawa kuma suna shirye su saurari duk wata matsala da yaran su ke da ita. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Ka'idodin Ilimi na Lafiya na Makaranta 
Ka'idodin Ilimi na Lafiya na Kasa (NHES) an rubuta tsammanin abin da dalibai ya kamata su sani kuma su iya yi ta hanyar digiri 2, 5, 8, da 12 don inganta lafiyar mutum, iyali, da al'umma. Ka'idodin suna ba da tsari don ci gaban tsarin karatu da zaɓe, koyarwa, da ƙididdigar ɗalibai a ilimin kiwon lafiya. Alamun aikin suna bayyana musamman abin da dalibai ya kamata su sani ko su iya yi don tallafawa kowane ma'auni ta ƙarshen kowane maki mai zuwa: Pre-K-Grade 12. Alamun aikin suna aiki ne a matsayin tsari don shirya kimantawar ɗalibai.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

 Takaddun shaida na Ilimi na Lafiya a Amurka 
Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta Lafiya ta Kasa (NCHEC) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da takaddun shaida da damar ci gaban kwararru ga masana ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka. An kafa NCHEC a cikin 1988 don inganta inganci da daidaito na ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka. NCHEC tana ba da shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida da yawa, gami da ƙwararren ƙwararren ilimin kiwon lafiya (CHES) da ƙwararre na ƙwararren likitan lafiya (MCHES).  NCHEC kuma tana ba da damar ci gaba da ilimi ga ƙwararrun likitocin ilimi, suna shirya taron shekara-shekara, da kuma masu ba da shawara ga aikin ilimin kiwon lafiya. Kwamitin Kwamishinoni ne ke jagorantar kungiyar kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta masu sa kai, abokan tarayya, da masu ruwa da tsaki a fannin ilimin kiwon lafiya ce ke tallafawa.

Malaman kiwon lafiya na iya samun takardar shaidar kwararru a koyar da ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka ta hanyar wuce jarrabawar Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES).  An kirkiro takardar shaidar CHES a cikin 1989 kuma daga baya Hukumar Kula da Tabbatar da Kasa ta amince da ita a cikin 2008. Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa tana ba da wannan jarrabawar a watan Afrilu da Oktoba a kowace shekara ga mutanen da suka cancanci. Jarabawar CHES ta kunshi tambayoyin ƙwarewar zaɓin zaɓin 150 waɗanda ke gwada mutane a cikin Yankuna takwas na Hakki ga Masana Ilimi na Lafiya. Wadannan yankuna takwas sun hada da kimanta bukatun mutum da na al'umma, tsara shirye-shiryen ilimin kiwon lafiya da tsoma baki, aiwatar da shirye-shirye na ilimin kiwon lafiyar da tsoma baki baki, kimantawa da bincike kan sakamakon kiwon lafiya, shirye-shiryi, da tsoma baki da bayar da shawarwari, bayar da shawara ga ilimin kiwon bude ido, sadarwa da ilimin kiwon jiki, da ɗabi'a da ƙwarewa ga malamai na kiwon lafiya. Kowane mutum ya cancanci yin jarrabawar idan sun cika wasu bukatun ilimi da ilimi. Dole ne mutane su riƙe digiri na farko, digiri na biyu, ko digiri na biyu wanda aka samu daga wata ma'aikatar da aka amince da ita. Rubutun wannan digiri dole ne ya nuna cewa mutum ya kammala babban darasi da ke da alaƙa da ilimin kiwon lafiya ko ya kammala akalla sa'o'i 25 a cikin cancantar karatun da ke da alaka da ilimin kiwo. Mutanen da ba su riga sun sami digiri na farko ba, digiri na biyu, ko digiri na biyu amma in ba haka ba sun cancanci jarrabawar CHES na iya zama don jarrabawar tare da yanayin cewa za su kammala karatu a cikin kwanaki casa'in na ranar jarrabawar su ta CHES.

Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa daga baya ta kirkiro jarrabawar Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES) don tabbatar da ƙwarewar ci gaba a cikin ƙwararrun ilimin kiwon lafiya. An fara gudanar da MCHES a cikin 2011 kuma ya sami izini daga Hukumar Tabbatar da Hukumar Kasa a cikin 2013.  Mutanen da suka gudanar da takardar shaidar CHES na tsawon shekaru biyar sun cancanci yin jarrabawar MCHES. Mutanen da ba su da takardar shaidar CHES ko kuma sun sami takardar shaidarsa ta CHES a kasa da shekaru biyar, suna da kwarewar aiki na shekaru biyar a matsayin ƙwararren ilimin kiwon lafiya, kuma suna da digiri na biyu a fannin da ke da alaƙa da ilimin kiwon lafiyar ko kuma akallaye 25 da aka kammala a cikin cancantar karatun ilimin kiwon daji a matakin masanin ko digiri suma sun cancanci jarrabawar MCHES.

Ba a buƙatar mutane su sami takardar shaidar CHES ko MCHES don yin aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ilimin kiwon lafiya a Amurka. Koyaya, masu ba da aiki da yawa suna ba da fifiko ga masu neman waɗanda ke da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ilimin kiwon lafiya kuma duka takardun shaida suna ba da damar mutane su kara damar yin aiki da gasa.

 Dokar Ilimi ta Lafiya 
The Health Education Code of Ethics has been a work in progress since approximately 1976, begun by the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE).[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span>]

"Ba a ga Dokar Da'a wacce ta samo asali daga wannan tsari mai tsawo da wahala a matsayin aikin da aka kammala ba. Maimakon haka, ana ganin ta a matsayin takardar rayuwa wacce za ta ci gaba da bunkasa yayin da aikin Ilimin Lafiya ke canzawa don fuskantar ƙalubalen sabon karni. "

 Al'ummomin Ilimi na Lafiya a Amurka 

 Kungiyar Malaman Lafiya ta Jama'a 
The Society for Public Health Educators (SOPHE) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta masu koyar da kiwon lafiya, malamai, da masu binciken ilimi da aka kafa a shekarar 1950. Manufar su ita ce "Yana inganta lafiyar dukkan mutane ta hanyar ilimi". SOPHE tana aiki tare da malamai daban-daban na kiwon lafiya don inganta halayyar lafiya, al'ummomi masu lafiya, da mahalli masu lafiya. SOPHE yana taimakawa wajen tallafawa da kuma fitar da bincike kan ka'idar ilimin kiwon lafiya da aiki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Amirka 
Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Amurka (APHA) ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararru wacce ke inganta lafiyar jama'a da ƙarfafa aikin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar rufe bayanai, batutuwa, manufofi, labarai, da sauransu game da batun kiwon lafiya. Manufar wannan ƙungiyar ita ce " inganta lafiyar jama'a da cimma daidaito a matsayin kiwon lafiya".

Membobin wannan ƙungiyar sun haɗa da waɗanda ke aiki a fannin kiwon lafiya na jama'a, ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya, ko duk wanda ke da sha'awar kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Kasancewa memba yana buƙatar kuɗin da ya danganci matsayin aiki kuma yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa kamar damar sadarwar, yanar gizo, samun dama ga Jaridar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Amurka, da sauransu.

 Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Lafiya ta Amurka 
Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Lafiya ta Amurka (AAHE) ita ce ƙungiyar membobin ilimin kiwon lafiya mafi tsufa a Amurka.  An kafa shi a cikin 1937 don yin hidima da taimakawa masu ilimin kiwon lafiya kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi shida waɗanda suka haɗa da Ƙungiyar Amurka don Kiwon Lafiya, Ilimi na Jiki, Nishaɗi, da Dance .  A halin yanzu, kungiyar tana da mambobi sama da masu ilimin kiwon lafiya 5,500. Kungiyar tana aiki don samar da dabarun membobinta, kayan aiki, da hanyoyin da suka shafi ilimin kiwon lafiya da inganta kiwon lafiya waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don saitunan kiwon lafiyar jama'a daban-daban.

 Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Inganta Lafiya da Ilimi 
Da farko ana kiranta Hukumar Wakilai, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Inganta Lafiya da Ilimi (IUHPE) an kirkireshi ne a cikin 1951 ta hanyar Lucien Viborel, mai ba da shawara ga WHO da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, don mayar da hankali ga rarraba ilimi na kiwon lafiya. Manufar su ita ce inganta lafiyar duniya da ƙirƙirar daidaito na kiwon lafiya.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Kowace shekaru uku suna gudanar da Taron Duniya kan Inganta Lafiya da Ilimin Lafiya. Kwamitin zartarwa ya kunshi Shugaban kasa, tsohon shugaban kasa, matsakaicin mambobi 15 na duniya, da Mataimakin Shugabanni na yanki. Har ila yau, an yi kungiyar ne da membobin da ke biyan kuɗi na mutum ko na ma'aikata waɗanda Malaman Lafiya zasu iya shiga. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyoyin Ilimi na Lafiya na Kasa 
The Coalition of National Health Education Organizations (CNHEO) kungiya ce da aka kafa a 1972 don aiki a matakin kasa ta hanyar sauƙaƙe sadarwa da haɗin gwiwa da daidaitawa tare da mutane a wasu kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya a duk faɗin Amurka.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Kungiyar tana gudanar da tarurruka na kowane wata waɗanda suke kama da na sassan kiwon lafiya na jama'a inda ake gudanar da tattaunawa don magance duk wani sabuntawa na baya, kudi da sauran abubuwan da suka faru a yanzu waɗanda suka dace da kungiyoyi da yawa da CHNEO ke hulɗa da haɗin gwiwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

 Ilimi na Lafiya a Makaranta a Duniya 

 Romania 
Tun daga shekara ta 2001, Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Bincike, Matasa, da Wasanni sun haɓaka tsarin karatun ƙasa kan Ilimin Lafiya. Shirin Ilimi na Lafiya na Kasa a Makarantu na Romania an dauke shi da fifiko ga shiga tsakani na GFATM (Asusun Duniya) da Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Don ci gaban samun ƙwarewa da ilimi na dalibai don samun sabon ƙwarewa a cikin Abinci da Abinci, an fara shirin karatun a Jami'ar Medicine da Pharmacy (UMF) na Iuliu Hațieganu a cikin 2008. Sauran jami'o'i sun ci gaba da samun ikon wannan binciken ciki har da Jami'ar Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology (UMFST) na Târgu Mureş, Iaşi, da Timişoara. Dalibai 104 daga waɗannan jami'o'i sun kuma shiga cikin "Medicine na Abinci na Ƙarshe," taron farko na Kasa na Abinci da Abinci a ranar 6-7 ga Mayu 2011 don ba da jin laccoci. Zaben na biyu na wannan taron ya gayyaci karin mahalarta na kasa da kasa, kamar Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa ta Masu Ciniki tare da halartar dalibai sama da 150 da sauran masu sana'a.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

 Japan 

 Malaman Yogo 
Ma'aikatan jinya a Japan ana kiransu malamai na yogo wanda aka fi sani da hoken kyoushi (Kanji: 保健教師). Malaman Yogo suna ɗaukar wani ɓangare na ma'aikatan ilimi don tallafawa ci gaban ɗalibai ta hanyar ilimin kiwon lafiya da sabis waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ayyukan ilimi na makaranta. Ana horar da malamai na Yogo don kula da lafiyar jiki na ɗalibai da lafiyar hankalinsu. Ta hanyar lura da ayyukan ɗalibai, malamai na yogo suna iya gano ɗalibai cututtukan yanayi na farko kuma su taimaka musu a matsayin ilimin makaranta. Matsalolin da ke haifar da rikice-rikice na iya haɗawa da, tarihin iyali, rashin lafiya na jiki, ganewar asali na baya, da rauni.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Kamar yadda dalibai da yawa ke da rauni, malamai na yogo suna iya gano shari'o'in cin zarafin jiki ko tunani (wanda zai iya haifar da rauni) fiye da sauran malamai. Sabili da haka, ana sa ran malamai na yogo su dauki matakai masu sauri a lokacin farkon matakan rikicewar yanayi ko cin zarafin yara da wuri-wuri. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Abinci 
Shokuiku (Kanji: 食育) shine kalmar Jafananci don " ilimantar da abinci". Dokar ta bayyana shi a matsayin "samun ilimi game da abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma ikon yin yanke shawara mai dacewa ta hanyar gogewa mai amfani da abinci, tare da manufar bunkasa ikon mutane na rayuwa a kan abinci mai kyau".

Sagen Ishizuka ne ya fara shi, sanannen likitan soja kuma mai gabatarwa na Abinci mai gina jiki. Bayan gabatar da abinci mai sauri na Yamma a ƙarshen karni na 20, gwamnatin Japan ta ba da umarnin ilimi a cikin abinci mai gina jiki da asalin abinci, farawa da Dokar Shokuiku a cikin 2005, sannan ta biyo bayan Dokar Lafiya ta Makaranta a cikin 2008. Jami'o'i sun kafa shirye-shirye don koyar da shokuiku a makarantun jama'a, da kuma bincika tasirin ta ta hanyar karatun ilimi.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Babban damuwa da ya haifar da ci gaban dokar shokuiku sun hada da:

 Yaran makaranta suna tsallake karin kumallo.
 Yara suna sayen abinci a kantin sayar da kayayyaki maimakon cin abinci tare da iyayensu.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.
 Iyalai ba sa cin abinci tare.

Darussan a cikin shokuiku za su yi nazarin hanyoyin yin abinci, kamar noma ko fermentation; yadda kayan karawa ke haifar da dandano; da kuma inda abinci ya fito.

 Poland 
Health education in Poland is not mandatory. However, research has shown that even with implantation of health education that the adolescents of Poland were still not choosing to live a healthy lifestyle. Health education is still needed in Poland, but the factor of what is actually available, especially in rural areas, and what is affordable affects the decisions more than what is healthy.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span>]

Kodayake tsarin karatun makarantun Poland sun haɗa da ilimin kiwon lafiya, ba batun daban ba ne amma an kammala shi a wasu batutuwa kamar yanayi, ilmin halitta, da ilimin jiki. An dauki wasu ma'auni don magance wannan batun ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

 Taiwan 
Ilimin kiwon lafiya a Taiwan yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa da yawa, gami da: 

 Ilimi ga dalibai don inganta yanayin lafiyarsu.
 Yana taimaka wa iyaye su yi amfani da albarkatun kiwon lafiya da bayanan ilimin kiwon lafiya.
 Koyar da dalibai su fahimci takamaiman cututtuka da ilimin likita na asali.

 Ireland 
Wata makaranta a Ireland tana koyar da ilimin kiwon lafiya tun shekara ta 2004. Yara suna iya koyo game da lafiyar jikinsu, alal misali, ɗalibai sun sami damar tafiya a makaranta, su koyi rawa na gargajiya na Irish, kuma su koyi yadda ake iyo. Koyaya, ba duk ayyukansu ba ne suka dogara da lafiyar jiki. Yara kuma suna koyon game da cin abinci mai kyau. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ya haɗa da pyramid na abinci. A nan dalibai za su koyi game da abinci daban-daban da kuma yadda suke shafar lafiyarmu. A kasan dala na abinci akwai 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu kamar apples da carot kuma a saman dala akwai abinci mai dafa abinci kamar fries. Gidan dala na katako ne kuma yana da launuka daban-daban da suka dace da matakin dala. Green ya dace da matakin mafi ƙasƙanci na dala da sauransu. Abinci a kan dala kayan wasa ne na 3D don haka yara za su iya ganin yadda abincin yake. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Ƙasar Ingila 
Burtaniya ta aiwatar da ilimin kiwon lafiya a cikin tsarin makarantarsu tun farkon shekarun 2000. A cewar Gov.UK "... duk dalibai za su yi karatun ilimin kiwon lafiya na tilas da kuma sabon ilimin dangantakar da aka gyara a makarantar firamare da dangantaka da ilimin jima'i a makarantar sakandare (Gov.UK, 2018) ". Koyaya, waɗannan ba kawai abubuwan da ake koya ba ne. Har ila yau, tsarin makarantar Burtaniya yana koya wa ɗaliban su game da lafiyar kwakwalwa, suna jagorantar salon rayuwa mai kyau, da ilimi game da kiba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Ilimi na Lafiya da Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba 
Ilimi na Lafiya yana da mahimmanci wajen aiki don cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa (SDG) wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta kirkira. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kirkiro wadannan manufofi da fatan cewa za a sami motsawa wajen bin "tsarin da aka raba don zaman lafiya da wadata ga mutane da duniya, yanzu da kuma nan gaba. " McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R.  (2009). Health education can also be seen as preventive medicine (Marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Ta hanyar kara aiwatar da Ilimi na Lafiya, yana taimakawa wajen kawo wayar da kan jama'a da ilmantarwa ga mutane, samar da fahimtar muhimmancin kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi na duniya. Donatelle, R. (2009). Promoting Healthy Behavior Change. Health: The basics. (pp. 4). 8th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

 Dubi kuma 

 Dorothy Nyswander
 Inganta kiwon lafiya
 Al'ummomin kiwon lafiya na kan layi
 Ilimi na mutum, zamantakewa, kiwon lafiya da tattalin arziki
 Ilimin Jiki
 Lafiyar Jama'a
 Nazarin Ilimin Lafiya na Makaranta
 Kwarewar kiwon lafiya

 Bayanan da aka ambata 
.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman}
[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Sabbin dangantaka da ilimin kiwon lafiya a makarantu. [a kan layi] GOV. Burtaniya. Ana samunsa a: <https: alaƙa-da-lia-ikaranta="" gwamnati="" labarai="" labaran="" sabon="" www.gov.uk=""> [An samu 23 Yuli 2022].</https:>

[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Makarantar Inganta Lafiya, Makarantar Ingantattun Lafiya Mallow, lafiyar makaranta. [online] Glantane National School. Ana samunsa a: Archived 2022-07-24 at the Wayback Machine> [An samu 23 Yuli 2022].

 Littattafai 

 Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka. (2007). Ka'idodin Ilimi na Lafiya na Kasa. An samo shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2009, daga halaye na ingantaccen Koyarwar Ilimi na Lafiya - SHER da Makarantu masu Lafiya CDCHalaye na Kwarewar Ilimi na Lafiya - SHER Makarantun Lafiya CDC
 Haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyoyin Ilimi na Lafiya na Kasa. Dokar Ilimi ta Lafiya ta Da'a. Nuwamba 8, 1999, Chicago, IL. An samo shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2009, daga CNHEO 
 Kwamitin hadin gwiwa kan Terminology. (2001). Rahoton Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na 2000 kan Ilimi na Lafiya da Ingantawa. Jaridar Ilimi ta Lafiya ta Amurka.
 [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Shirye-shiryen, Aiwatarwa, & Binciken Shirye-sauyen Lafiya. Buga na 5. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.
 [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. (2005). Gabatarwa ga Ilimi na Lafiya da Inganta Lafiya. Buga na biyu. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]
 Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. (1998). Bayani na Kula da Lafiya. An samo shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2009, daga Wayback Machine .

 Haɗin waje 

 Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka (Amurka)
 Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka (Amurka)
 Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa (Amurka)
 Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (Amurka)


Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba