Anyeint

Anyeint ( Burmese        ; Burmese   ; kuma an rubuta a-nyeint ) wani nau'in nishaɗin gargajiya ne na Burmese wanda ya haɗa rawa da kiɗan kayan kida, waƙa, da ayyukan barkwanci, a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo.  name="Seekins">Seekins, Donald M. (2006) "Anyeint (Anyeint Pwe)" Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland, page 77,   Wani nau'i ne na pwe, kalmar Burmese don nishaɗin gargajiya. Duk da cewa pwe na gargajiya na iya zama na yau da kullun kuma kusan na al'ada, duk wani abu ana ɗaukarsa nishaɗin sauƙi. 

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shahararrun ƙungiyoyin anyeint irin su Thee Lay Thee & Say  Zoun ) da Htawara Hninzi (  ) sun yi wasanni a ƙasashen waje, ciki har da Thailand, Singapore da Amurka, waɗanda ke da yawan baƙi 'yan Burma.   An kuma rarraba wasannin kwaikwayo na VCD na shahararrun ƙungiyoyi; waɗanda ba su da tausayi a siyasance, ciki har da Say Yaung Zoun (  ), hukumomin Burma sun haramta su. 

 Haruffa 
Jagorar mawaƙi da ɗan rawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ana kiranta anyeint minthami (  ). Fitattun jaruman fina-finai da mawaka, ciki har da May Than Nu da Yadana Khin, galibi ana nuna su a matsayin jaruman 'yan wasan kwaikwayo .  Ana yin rawa a cikin minthami zuwa kiɗan kayan kida da kuma rera waƙar cappella ko kuma waƙa da barkwanci da 'yan wasan barkwanci ke yi. Sakamakon haka, ana yin rawa ta solo da ta rukuni. Kayan da duk wani mai yin wasan kwaikwayo yake yi iri ɗaya ne da waɗanda 'yan tsana ke sawa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya.  Duk da cewa manyan jaruman fim a da sun kasance babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai, yanzu an mayar da hankali kan wasannin barkwanci da aka yi.

Masu wasan barkwanci, da aka fi sani da lu shwin daw (  ) ko lu pyet ( , kodayake wannan kalmar tana raguwa) tana ba da nishaɗi yayin da minthami ke canza kaya.  name="diamond"> Zarganar da Kutho sun kasance masu barkwanci masu nasara a farkon farkawa . A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, kamar Ye Lay, Nay Toe da Htun Htun, Kyaw Kyaw Bo, sun fito a matsayin masu barkwanci.  Masu barkwanci galibi suna sanye da salon Taungshay mai siffar checker (sarongs) kuma suna sanya riguna marasa laushi, wani ci gaba da U Po Sein ya ƙirƙira, wani mai wasan kwaikwayo mai tasiri a ƙarni na 19.  name="diamond" 

Wani ƙaramin ƙungiyar makaɗa ta maza, ƙarƙashin jagorancin kiɗan pattala (xylophone), yana tare da wasan kwaikwayon.  name="diamondc">

 Tsarin 
Anyeint wasan kwaikwayo ya fara da karantawa da bayanin ayoyin da suka gabata, sannan kuma pari kamma (  ), wani jawabi na musamman da membobin ƙungiyar suka gabatar don gabatar da kansu da kuma gode wa mai kula da shirin.  name="diamondc">Diamond, Catherine (Spring 2009). "A Delicate Balance: Negotiating Isolation and Globalization in the Burmese Performing Arts". The Drama Review. 53 (1): 1054–2043. doi:10.1162/dram.2009.53.1.93. S2CID 57564331. Daga nan sai masu barkwanci suka gabatar da wani zane mai ban dariya, kafin su gayyaci babbar jarumar zuwa kan dandamali don yin wani wasan kwaikwayo, inda za su yi barkwanci da cin mutunci ga masu kallo.  name="diamondc"  A ƙarshen shirin rawa, masu barkwanci suna yi wa jarumar barkwanci, wadda ta yi musu ba'a ta kuma kare kanta.  name="diamondc" 

A da, an kammala wasan anyeint da wasan aya mai suna zat kyi (  ), kodayake yanzu an cire wannan ɓangaren daga shirye-shiryen zamani na anyeint.  name="diamond">Diamond, Catherine (2000). "Burmese Nights: the Pagoda Festival Pwe in the Age of Hollywood's 'Titanic'". New Theatre Quarterly. 29 (3). Cambridge University Press: 227–248. doi:10.1017/s0266464x00013865. S2CID 190693966.

 Asalin 
Sunan "anyeint" ya fito ne daga kalmar harshen Burmese ma'ana "mai laushi". Siffar ta samo asali ne daga rawar kotun sarauta da mata masu rawa ke yi kuma da farko an takaita ta ne a kotun sarauta.  name="Seekins">Seekins, Donald M. (2006) "Anyeint (Anyeint Pwe)" Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland, page 77, ISBN 978-0-8108-5476-5 Diamond, Catherine (Spring 2009). "A Delicate Balance: Negotiating Isolation and Globalization in the Burmese Performing Arts". The Drama Review. 53 (1): 1054–2043. doi:10.1162/dram.2009.53.1.93. S2CID 57564331. Duk da haka, bayan ƙarshen daular Konbaung a 1885, an tilasta wa ƙungiyoyin ko da neman aiki a waje kuma sun shahara da rawar gargajiya da wasan barkwanci wanda ya shahara a duk faɗin Burma,  musamman yana jan hankali ga ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa da ke ƙaruwa a Burma ta Burtaniya, waɗanda suka tallafa wa waɗannan wasannin.  An kafa ƙungiyar ko da ta farko da aka sani a Mandalay a kusan 1900, ta hannun ɗan wasan barkwanci U Chit Phwe da matarsa, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ma Sein Thone. 

A zamanin mulkin mallaka, shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na anyeneint galibi suna zama masu yin rikodin kuma su ne kanun labarai na anyeneint shows, yayin da mawaƙa ke rubuta waƙoƙi da raye-raye daban-daban da suka dace da su. Diamond, Catherine (Spring 2009). "A Delicate Balance: Negotiating Isolation and Globalization in the Burmese Performing Arts". The Drama Review. 53 (1): 1054–2043. doi:10.1162/dram.2009.53.1.93. S2CID 57564331. Duk da haka, mahimmancin babbar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ya ragu.  Anyeint ya kai kololuwar sa a shekarun 1970, a lokacin mulkin gurguzu, tare da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da suka fi tasiri sune Lamin Taya na Mandalay (The Hundred Moon Troupe).  A shekarar 1973, marubucin rubutun ƙungiyar, Maung Myat Hmaing ya rubuta Dancer of the Ganges, wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin wasannin kwaikwayo na farko na Burmese da suka haɗa da ra'ayin dimokuradiyya. 
A lokacin mulkin mallaka, gwamnatocin U Nu da Ne Win, ƙungiyoyin sun fi haɗa da barkwanci na siyasa da suka, gami da sharhin zamantakewa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na barkwancinsu. Seekins, Donald M. (2006) "Anyeint (Anyeint Pwe)" Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland, page 77, ISBN 978-0-8108-5476-5 Duk da haka, tun daga 1988, ƙa'idoji sun ƙara tsauri, inda masu barkwanci waɗanda ke yin barkwanci na siyasa za a iya kama su.  Daga 1988 zuwa 1992, dokar hana fita ta sojoji da daddare ta hana duk wani wasa na dare. Diamond, Catherine (Spring 2009). "A Delicate Balance: Negotiating Isolation and Globalization in the Burmese Performing Arts". The Drama Review. 53 (1): 1054–2043. doi:10.1162/dram.2009.53.1.93. S2CID 57564331.

Tun lokacin da aka saki anyeint wasa Hninzi Thakhin ( နှင်းဆီသခင်, wanda aka fassara a matsayin "Rose Master") a shekarar 2010, takunkumin abubuwan da ke cikin wasan kwaikwayo ya zama mai tsauri; Myanmar Motion Picture Enterprise, hukumar tace fina-finai da ke kula da duk wata ƙungiya a ƙasar, yanzu ta ba da umarnin yin cikakken gwajin sutura don tantance duk wani abun ciki mai tambaya (kamar barkwanci da aka yi wa jami'an gwamnati, ko kuma wuraren da aka yi wa ado daban-daban).

Shahararren mai barkwancin nan na Burmese, Zarganar, ya sha yin wasa a ko'ina.  A shekarar 1986, ya kafa ƙungiyar Mya Ponnama Anyeint, waɗanda wasanninsu suka bayyana a talabijin. Fasahar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burmese Htein Lin ma ta yi wani abu, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri a fasahar wasan kwaikwayonsa .

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba