Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya

Cibiyar Kula da albarkatun duniya (WRI) kungiya ce ta bincike mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a 1982 tare da kudade daga Gidauniyar MacArthur [1] a karkashin jagorancin James Gustave Speth. [2][3][4] Shugabannin da suka biyo baya sun hada da Jonathan Lash (1993-2011), Andrew D. Steer [1] (2012-2021) da kuma shugaban yanzu Ani Dasgupta (2021-yanzu). [5][6]

WRI tana nazarin ayyukan da suka dace na kasuwanci, tattalin arziki, kuɗi da shugabanci, da nufin inganta tallafawa al'ummar ɗan adam a fannoni shida: abinci, dazuzzuka, ruwa, makamashi, birane, da yanayi. [1] Jerin rahoton cibiyar mafi girma shine Rahoton Albarkatun Duniya, [2] kowannensu yana magana ne akan wani batu daban. [3] WRI tana ƙarfafa shirye-shirye don sa ido, nazarin bayanai, da kimanta haɗari, gami da ayyukan duniya da na buɗaɗɗen tushe. WRI ta ci gaba da samun ƙimar taurari 4 cikin 4 daga Charity Navigator tun daga ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2008. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] [4]

 Ƙungiya 
Manufar Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Duniya (WRI) ita ce "ta da al'umma don samar da bukatun da burin tsararraki na yanzu da na gaba". Yana neman inganta al'ummar ɗan adam mai ɗorewa  tare da tushen lafiyar ɗan adam da jin daɗi, dorewar muhalli, da damar tattalin arziki.  WRI tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatocin gida da na ƙasa, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kamfanonin da aka gudanar da jama'a, da sauran masu zaman kansu.   Yana ba da sabis ciki har da batutuwan canjin yanayi na duniya, kasuwanni masu ɗorewa, kariya ga yanayin halittu, da kuma ayyukan kula da muhalli.

Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Duniya tana kula da ofisoshin kasa da kasa a Brazil, China, Colombia, Habasha, Indiya, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Turkiyya, Ingila da Amurka kuma tana aiki a cikin kasashe sama da 50. Wani rahoto daga Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Waje ta Kasashen Waƙoƙi ta Bayyanawa ta Bayyana Bayani na manyan tankuna 50 a Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta Global Go-To Think Tanks rating index ya gano cewa a lokacin 2014-2018 Cibiyar Harkar Duniya ta sami ƙarin kuɗi daga waje da Amurka fiye da kowane tanki mai tunani, tare da jimlar fiye da dala miliyan 63, kodayake an bayyana wannan a matsayin "marar mamaki" saboda kasancewar cibiyar a kasashe da yawa. A cikin 2014, Stephen M. Ross, mai haɓaka ƙasa na Amurka, ya ba kungiyar dala miliyan 30 don kafa Cibiyar WRI Ross don Cibiyoyin Ci gaba. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga WRI's Land and Carbon Lab shine Bezos Earth Fund, wanda ya ba da kuɗin dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da sama da dala miliyan 100 a cikin 2021. A cikin 2025, Michael da Tanya Polsky ta hanyar Gidauniyar Polsky sun ba WRI da Jami'ar Chicago gudummawar dala miliyan 100, wanda aka tsara dala miliyan 75 don kafa Cibiyar WRI Polsky don Canjin Makamashi ta Duniya. Kudin shiga na WRI ya kai dala miliyan 272 a shekarar 2024. 

 Shirye-shiryen 
Ayyukan WRI sun mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar ruwa (gami da tekuna), dazuzzuka, yanayi,  makamashi,  abinci   da birane.   WRI tana aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen sa ido, nazarin bayanai, da kimanta haɗari. WRI ta jaddada girman yadda tsarin ke da alaƙa, da kuma buƙatar haɗa batutuwa kamar magance rashin tsaron abinci da dabarun magance sauyin yanayi, kare yanayin halittu, da kuma samar da tsaron tattalin arziki. 

Abinci, Ƙasa da Ruwa

A cikin 1997 da 2000, WRI ta buga binciken farko na lissafin kayan aiki (MFA), ta amfani da bayanan jerin lokaci don tantance duk abubuwan da aka shigar da kayan aiki (ba tare da ruwa ba) da tattalin arzikin masana'antu ke amfani da su.

Da farko a shekara ta 2002, Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta yi aiki tare da Kamaru Forest Initiative, don haɗa tushen bayanai daban-daban game da amfani da ƙasa don samar da taswirar dijital da takarda don bin diddigin canje-canje ga gandun daji na Kamaru da inganta gudanarwar su. Sun haɗa hotunan tauraron dan adam tare da bayani game da filin noma, iyakoki, ƙasa mai kariya, gandun daji na al'umma, da kuma amfani da ƙasa ta hanyar ayyukan katako na kasuwanci da kuma haƙar ma'adinai.

A cikin 2014, WRI ta gina kan aikin Matthew C. Hansen a Jami'ar Maryland akan nazarin canjin gandun daji. WRI ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Google Earth Engine don haɓaka Global Forest Watch (GFW), aikace-aikacen yanar gizo mai buɗewa wanda ke amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam na Landsat don tsara canje-canjen gandun daji. Gargadi na GLAD na mako-mako da gargadi na yau da kullun na wuta na iya zama takamaiman ga yanki na  mita 30 (320 sq . Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs), masu bincike na ilimi, ma'aikatan gwamnati, da masu zaman kansu suna amfani da Global Forest Watch akai-akai. Har ila yau, 'yan jarida da kungiyoyin' yan asalin suna amfani da shi,   da yawa daga cikin ƙasashensu suna barazana.   Aikace-aikacen Global Forest Watch sun haɗa da ganowa da sauri da amsawa ga gobara,  gano katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, tabbatar da nuna gaskiya ga jerin kayayyaki, da kuma tantance wuraren da ke cikin haɗari. 

Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2021, WRI ta yi amfani da Global Forest Watch don samar da taswirar carbon na gandun daji wanda ya haɗu da bayanai game da hayaki da cire iskar gas mai alaƙa da gandun daji. Yin amfani da sabuwar hanyar don haɗa ƙasa, iska, da bayanan tauraron dan adam don auna canjin carbon a cikin gandun daji, sun sami damar tsara gandun daji a duk duniya a ƙudurin mita 30 (98  a kowace shekara daga 2001-2019. Sun sami damar gano gudummawar nau'ikan gandun daji daban-daban, suna tabbatar da cewa gandun daji na wurare masu zafi suna shan karin carbon fiye da sauran nau'ikan dazuzzuka, kuma suna saki mafi yawa sakamakon lalacewar gandun daji da lalacewa. Ta hanyar haɗa hayaki da cirewa, taswirar tana ƙara gaskiya da daidaito na ƙididdigar carbon na duniya kuma tana iya tallafawa yanke shawara na kula da gandun daji.

Baya ga taswirar hayakin carbon daga asarar gandun daji, WRI tana aiki tare da masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Purdue, Kimiyya-i, da kuma Shirin Biodiversity na Duniya don haɓaka hanyoyin don kimanta yawan tarin carbon a cikin yanayin halittu na gandun daji. Irin waɗannan ƙididdigar suna shafar abubuwa uku na ci gaban gandun daji, waɗanda suke da wuyar auna su: ƙaruwa, haɓaka da mutuwa. Kasancewa da iya tantance wannan daidai zai rage rashin tabbas wajen kimanta tasirin gandun daji na duniya a matsayin sink carbon.

WRI ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Google Earth Engine don haɓaka Dynamic World, aikace-aikacen kusa da ainihin lokacin (NRT) wanda ke amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam masu ƙarfi don yin amfani da ƙasa (LULC). Dynamic World yana gano yankunan ƙasa da ruwa kamar su wuraren da ke da ruwa, gandun daji, bishiyoyi, amfanin gona da birane. An sake shi a watan Yunin 2022, amfani da shi ya haɗa da saka idanu kan sabunta yanayin halittu, kimanta wuraren da aka kare, da kuma gano canje-canjen ƙasa saboda sare daji da gobara.

Yin aiki tare da Ci gaba, WRI yana aiki don ganowa da ƙididdige manyan direbobi na asarar gandun daji. Misali, sun gano sikelin masana'antu na cinikayya na duniya kamar naman sa, soya, Man dabino, masara, da auduga a matsayin babban direba na asarar gandun daji a Kudancin Amurka da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Birane

A cikin 2014, mai ba da agaji Stephen M. Ross ya kafa Cibiyar WRI Ross don Cibiyoyin Ci gaba ta hanyar babbar kyauta. Cibiyar tana mai da hankali kan ci gaban Birane masu ɗorewa da inganta ingancin rayuwa a kasashe masu tasowa a duniya. Rahoton WRI na shekarar 2021 shi ne sauye-sauye bakwai don birane masu adalci da masu dorewa. Ya biyo bayan hanzarta ingancin gini: Ayyuka takwas don Shugabannin Birane (2019). 

Makamashi

The Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (PACE) wani dandamali ne na hadin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da kuma aikin da ke hanzarta mayar da hankali kan gina tattalin arzikin zagaye. An ƙaddamar da PACE a lokacin taron shekara-shekara na Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya na 2018. 

The Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance (REBA) wata kungiya ce ta manyan masu sayen makamashi mai tsabta, masu samar da makamashi, da masu ba da sabis waɗanda ke buɗe kasuwa ga duk masu sayen makamashin da ba na zama ba don jagorantar saurin canji zuwa makamashi mafi tsabta, mai wadata, makamashi mara amfani. Tana da mambobi sama da 200 ciki har da Google, GM, Facebook, Walmart, Disney da sauran manyan kamfanoni, kuma ta kai karfin 6 GW a shekarar 2018.

Tekuna

A cikin shekara ta 2008, Cibiyar Kula da albarkatun duniya ta ba da rahoton ingancin ruwa a duk duniya, ta gano yankuna sama da 400 da suka mutu saboda eutrophication ciki har da yankuna a cikin Tekun Baltic, Chesapeake Bay a Amurka, da Babban Barrier Reef na Australia (33, 34). Eutrophication ya samo asali ne daga fitar da phosphorus mai maida hankali sosai a cikin ruwan sharar gida a cikin tabkuna da koguna, da kuma gurɓataccen abinci mai gina jiki. WRI tana ba da shawara don amfani da mafita na yanayi na gida (NBS), wanda ke da tasiri sosai, don inganta yanayin halittu, tsayayya da tasirin yanayi na ruwa, da kuma rage tasirin dumama. WRI ta buga Atlas na Hadarin Ruwa na Ruwa, ƙasashe masu matsayi dangane da haɗarin rikice-rikicen ruwa mai tsanani.

WRI tana aiki sosai wajen nazarin coral reefs na duniya,  ta wallafa rahotanni a cikin 1998 da 2011 waɗanda suka bi diddigin lalacewar saboda ci gaban bakin teku, yawan kamun kifi, canjin yanayi da karuwar acidity na teku.  Wani rahoto na 2022 ya bincika reefs zuwa ƙuduri na mita 500 (1,600  kuma ya bincika kariya da reefs ke bayarwa ga mutane, ababen more rayuwa da GDP.

Yanayi

WRI ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni don haɓaka daidaitattun daidaitattun, Yarjejeniyar Gas ta Greenhouse don ƙididdigewa da sarrafa hayaki na GHG. WRI tana bin diddigin kimantawa na konewar man fetur da hayakin gas, wanda aka buga a matsayin rahotanni na shekaru biyu. An kafa shirin WRI's Science Based Targets (SBTi) a cikin 2015 don taimakawa kamfanoni su saita manufofi na rage fitarwa daidai da kimiyyar yanayi.   WRI tana kula da shafin yanar gizon Climate Watch (wanda aka fi sani da CAIT Climate Data Explorer), wanda ke bawa 'yan jarida da sauransu damar bincika bayanan iskar gas ta ƙasa da fitar da iska ta kowane mutum.

Sauran

Shirin LandMark na WRI yana ba da taswira da bayanai da ke nuna ƙasashen da 'Yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomin yankin ke gudanarwa da amfani da su. Bayanai don yankin Amazon sun nuna cewa gandun daji da ke karkashin kulawar al'ummomin gida da na asali suna adana carbon dioxide, yayin da gandun daji wanda gwamnati da masu zaman kansu ke sarrafawa shine tushen iskar gas.

Sauran shirye-shiryen WRI sun haɗa da The Access Initiative, wanda ke tsara ƙasashe bisa ga Dimokuradiyya ta muhalli, ikon 'yan ƙasa su shiga cikin yanke shawara game da albarkatun ƙasa, kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar nuna gaskiya, dokokin shiga jama'a, da kuma samun damar adalci.

WRI's Champions 12.3 coalition  yana inganta dabarun "Manufar, Mataki, Dokar" tare da burin rage asarar abinci da sharar gida zuwa shekara ta 2030.

 Rashin amincewa 
Anil Agarwal, wanda ya kasance a cikin majalisar Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Duniya daga 1988 zuwa 1990, ya soki binciken da Cibiyar Kulawa ta Duniya ta yi a shekarar 1990. Agarwal, wanda "ya kasance daga cikin na farko da ya yi jayayya cewa ra'ayoyin daidaito na zamantakewa suna buƙatar a haɗa su cikin manufofi na kasa da kasa da nufin rage tasirin tasirin canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar",  ya zargi WRI da rarraba alhakin da yawa don dumamar duniya ga ƙasashe masu tasowa, da kuma rashin amincewa da tasirin Amurka akan dumamar duniya. Ya kira binciken WRI misali na mulkin mallaka na muhalli kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa bincike mai kyau zai daidaita hanyoyin fitar da hayaki da ruwa na ƙasa ga kowace ƙasa. Karyatawarsa ta haifar da muhawara mai yawa game da hanyoyin da suka dace don irin wannan bincike, kuma ya haifar da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan da suka shafi.  

 Dubi kuma 

 Open energy system databases § Power Explorer
 Rafe Pomerance
 Cibiyar Manufofin Kasa da Kasa
 Gidauniyar MacArthur

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Haɗin waje 

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