Brooke Astor

Roberta Brooke Astor (wacce aka haifa a Russell ; Maris 30, 1902 - Agusta 13, 2007) ƙwararriyar mai ba da agaji ce ta Amurka, mai son jama'a, kuma marubuciya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar gidauniyar Vincent Astor, wadda mijinta na uku, Vincent Astor, ya kafa, wanda memba ne na dangin Astor . Brooke Astor ita ce marubucin littattafai biyu da kuma kundin tarihin rayuwar mutum biyu.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Roberta Brooke Russell a Portsmouth, New Hampshire, ɗiya ɗaya tilo ga John Henry Russell Jr., Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa na 16, da Mabel Cecile Hornby Howard. Kakanta na uba John Henry Russell Sr. babban Admiral ne a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka. An sanya mata suna ne saboda kakarta ta uwa (Roberta) kuma an san ta da Bobby saboda abokai da dangi na kud da kud.

Saboda aikin mahaifinta, ta yi yawancin yarintarta a ƙasashen waje tana zaune a China, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Haiti, da sauran wurare. Ta halarci Makarantar Madeira na ɗan lokaci a shekarar 1919, amma ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Holton-Arms . [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ] Tun tana ƙarama tana ajiye littattafan tarihi, wasiƙu da zane-zane daga tafiye-tafiyenta, waɗanda aka buga a cikin wani zane mai zane na littafin tarihinta Patchwork Child: Early Memories a 1993. 

 Aure 

 John Dryden Kuser 
Ta auri mijinta na farko, John Dryden Kuser (1897–1964), jim kaɗan bayan cikarta shekaru 17, a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1919, a Washington, DC "Tabbas ba zan ba da shawarar yin aure da wannan ƙaramar yarinya ga kowa ba," in ji ta daga baya a rayuwa. "A lokacin da kake da shekaru 16, ba a yi maka ba'a ba tukuna. Abu na farko da ka kalla, za ka kamu da soyayya." 

John ɗan mai kuɗi ne kuma mai kula da muhalli Anthony Rudolph Kuser da Susie Fairfield Drydan. Mahaifin Susie shine Sanata John Fairfield Dryden na Amurka. Daga baya John Kuser ya zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta jam'iyyar Republican ta New Jersey, ɗan majalisa, kuma ɗan majalisar dattawa na jiha.  Sun kuma zauna a Bernardsville, New Jersey . 

Brooke ta bayyana aurenta na farko mai cike da rudani a matsayin "shekarun da suka fi muni a rayuwarta", wanda aka yi ta fama da zargin cin zarafin da mijinta ya yi mata, shan giya da kuma zina .  A cewar tarihin rayuwar Astor na Frances Kiernan na shekarar 2007, lokacin da Brooke ke da ciki na wata shida da ɗanta tilo da ma'auratan suka haifa, mijinta ya karya mata muƙamuƙi a lokacin da ake faɗa a aure.  "Na koyi game da munanan halaye daga dangin mijina na farko," ta shaida wa jaridar The New York Times . "Ba su san yadda za su yi wa mutane ba." Shekara guda bayan auren, a cewar wani labari da aka buga game da shari'ar saki, John "ya fara kunyata ta a ayyukan zamantakewa" kuma "ya gaya mata cewa ba ya ƙaunarta kuma aurensu ya gaza". 

Brooke da John suna da ɗa ɗaya, Anthony Dryden "Tony" Kuser . Ta shigar da ƙarar saki a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1930, a Reno, Nevada . An kammala shi daga baya a wannan shekarar.

 Charles Henry Marshall 
Mijinta na biyu, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1932, shine Charles Henry "Buddy" Marshall (1891–1952), ɗa tilo ga Charles Henry Marshall . Buddy babban abokin tarayya ne na kamfanin saka hannun jari na Butler, Herrick & Marshall, surukin magajin ɗan kasuwa Marshall Field III, kuma zuriyar James Lenox, wanda ya kafa Lenox Library .

Daga baya Astor ya rubuta cewa auren "abin da ya dace da soyayya." 

Tana da 'ya'ya biyu na miji da mata, Peter Marshall da Helen Huntington Marshall. Auren Helen na farko shine ga mawaki Ernest Schelling  sannan aurenta na biyu bayan mawakin silima János Scholz . 

A shekarar 1942, ɗan Brooke mai shekaru 18 a lokacin, Tony, ya canza sunansa zuwa Anthony Dryden Marshall saboda sha'awar uban gidansa. Arzikin Buddy ya koma tsakiyar shekarun 1940 lokacin da Brooke ta je aiki a matsayin editan fasali a mujallar House &amp; Garden na tsawon shekaru takwas. Ta kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Ruby Ross Wood, wani fitaccen mai gyaran gida na New York wanda, tare da abokin aikinsa Billy Baldwin, suka yi wa gidan Marshalls ado a 1 Gracie Square a birnin New York. 

 William Vincent Astor 
A watan Oktoban 1953, watanni 11 bayan mutuwar Charles Marshall, ta auri mijinta na uku kuma na ƙarshe, William Vincent Astor, shugaban kwamitin mujallar Newsweek kuma attajiri na ƙarshe ɗan ƙasar Amurka daga cikin shahararrun dangin Astor . Vincent ɗan wanda aka kashe a RMS Titanic ne John Jacob "Jack" Astor na IV da kuma Ava Lowle Willing . Ya yi aure kuma ya sake shi sau biyu a baya, bai haifi 'ya'ya ba kuma an san shi da halin da ke da wahala.

"Ya yi mummunan yarinta kuma sakamakon haka ya sami lokutan baƙin ciki mai yawa," in ji Brooke. "Amma ina tsammanin na faranta masa rai. Abin da na shirya yi kenan. Zan yi rawa da karnuka, in yi waƙa kuma in buga piano, kuma zan sa shi dariya, abin da babu wanda ya taɓa yi a da. Saboda kuɗinsa, Vincent yana da shakku sosai game da mutane. Wannan shine abin da na yi ƙoƙarin warkar da shi." 

Da yake ba ya son ya mutu shi kaɗai, Astor ya yarda ya saki matarsa ta biyu Mary Benedict "Minnie" Cushing ne kawai bayan ta samo masa wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Minnie ta fara ba da shawarar Janet Newbold Rhinelander-Stewart wacce ta ƙi shawarar Astor da gaskiya mai ban mamaki tana cewa "Ba ma son ki." Sai Minnie ta ba da shawarar Brooke da mijinta ya mutu kwanan nan.  Mutane kaɗan ne suka yi imani da cewa auren Astor-Marshall ya fi ciniki na kuɗi. A cewar abokin Brooke Louis Auchincloss, "ta auri Vincent saboda kuɗin," ta ƙara da cewa "Ba zan girmama ta ba idan ba ta yi ba. Mutum mai karkata ne kawai zai aure shi saboda soyayya." 

A lokacin aurenta na ɗan gajeren lokaci da Vincent, wanda ta kira "Kyaftin," Brooke ya shiga cikin daular gidaje da otal-otal da kuma ayyukansa na agaji. Tsakanin 1954 da 1958, ta sake yin ado da ɗaya daga cikin kadarorinsa, Hotel St. Regis, wanda mahaifinsa ya gina. Vincent ya mutu yana barin duk kuɗinsa ga Gidauniyar Vincent Astor; Brooke ya zama shugabar ta. Ƙanin Vincent, John Jacob "Jakey" Astor VI, bai bar komai ba, tunda ƙiyayyar Vincent ga mahaifiyar Jakey Madeleine (matar Jack ta biyu kuma bazawara) ta sa ya yi imani da cewa Jakey ba ma Astor na halitta ba ne. Vincent ba shi da komai sai raina shi.  Jakey ya ji an yaudare shi kuma ya ce cikin fushi Vincent "yana da haƙƙin doka, ba na ɗabi'a ba na riƙe duk kuɗin."  Ya tabbata cewa Vincent "bai da ƙwarewa a fannin tunani" lokacin da yake sanya hannu kan wasiyyarsa ta ƙarshe a watan Yunin 1958 saboda shan giya, kodayake Brooke ya dage a kan akasin haka. Yayin da ake kwantar da Vincent a asibiti, Brooke yakan kawo masa barasa sau da yawa. Jakey ta zarge ta da amfani da giyar don ta yi tasiri ga wasiyyarta. Daga ƙarshe Jakey ta biya dala $250,000. Sauran kuɗin ya rage a hannun Gidauniyar Vincent Astor da Brooke. Kafin mutuwar Vincent, Brooke ta taɓa furta wa surukarta Elizabeth Cynthia "Liz" Cryan a sirri: "Ba na tsammanin zan iya jure aurensa kuma. Ban tsammanin zan iya ɗaukarta ba. Bai taɓa son zuwa ko'ina ba - yana da son zaman jama'a sosai." 

Duk da cewa ta sami shawarwari da dama bayan mutuwar Astor, amma ta zaɓi kada ta sake yin aure. A wata hira da ta yi da ita a shekarar 1980, ta ce: "Dole ne in auri namiji mai shekaru masu dacewa da kuma wanda ya kasance wani mutum kuma hakan ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Gaskiya, ina ganin ba zan iya aure ba yanzu." Ta kuma ce, "Na saba da yin abubuwa yadda nake so. Amma har yanzu ina jin daɗin yin soyayya lokaci zuwa lokaci." 

 Taimakon jama'a 
Duk da cewa an naɗa ta memba a kwamitin Astor Foundation jim kaɗan bayan aurenta, bayan rasuwar Vincent Astor a shekarar 1959, ta ɗauki nauyin duk ayyukan agaji da ya bar wa dukiyarsa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Amintaccen Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan kuma ta jagoranci Kwamitin Ziyarar Sashen Fasaha na Gabas Mai Nisa na Metropolitan; an yaba mata da ra'ayin gina farfajiyar lambun kasar Sin, Kotun Astor, a Metropolitan.  Bugu da ƙari, Astor ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Cika Shekaru 100 na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan kuma ta karɓi baƙuncin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Metropolitan.  Ta kuma kasance mai taimako ga Ƙungiyar Dabbobin Gida ta New York wadda aka sanya wa Astor sunan jaririyar giwar Asiya don girmama ta.

Duk da rushe Gidauniyar Vincent Astor a shekarar 1997, ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a ayyukan agaji da kuma rayuwar zamantakewa ta birnin New York. Laburaren Jama'a na birnin New York koyaushe yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin agaji da Astor ya fi so kamar yadda Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi ta kasance. A shekarar 1988 an ba ta lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta Fasaha . An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 1992.  Sakamakon aikinta na agaji, an ba Astor lambar yabo ta Shugaban Ƙasa ta 'Yanci a shekarar 1998. Taken rayuwarta ya taƙaita karimcinta mai girma: "Kudi kamar taki ne; ba shi da wani amfani sai dai idan an bazu shi."  

Daga cikin sauran ƙungiyoyi da dama, ta yi aiki a Lighthouse for the Blind, da Ƙungiyar Cibiyar Kula da Yara, da Astor Home for children da ke cikin damuwa, da Kwamitin Ceto na Duniya, da Asusun Fresh Air, da kuma Hukumar Taimakon Mata ta Asibitin Ƙungiyar Asibitin New York .

 Cece-kucen cin zarafin tsofaffi 
Jaridar New York Daily News ta buga wani labari a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2006, inda ta bayyana rikicin iyali tsakanin ɗan Brooke Anthony Marshall da jikan ta Philip Cryan Marshall game da jin daɗin Brooke. Labarin ya yi cikakken bayani game da yadda jikan ta, wani mai kula da tarihi kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Roger Williams, ya shigar da ƙara yana neman a cire mahaifinsa daga matsayin mai kula da jama'a da kuma naɗa Annette de la Renta, matar mai tsara zane Oscar de la Renta, maimakon haka.

A cewar rahotannin da aka buga a jaridar The New York Times da Daily News, an gano cewa Astor yana da cutar Alzheimer kuma yana fama da rashin jini, da sauran cututtuka. Karar ta yi zargin cewa Marshall bai kula da mahaifiyarsa da ta tsufa ba, maimakon haka ya bar ta ta zauna cikin ruɗani da rage magunguna da ziyarar likita yayin da yake wadatar da kansa da kuɗin shiga daga kadarorinta. Philip Marshall ya ƙara zargin cewa mahaifinsa ya sayar da zanen Childe Hassam da kakarsa ta fi so a shekarar 2002 ba tare da saninta ba kuma ba tare da wani bayani game da inda aka samu kuɗin da aka samu daga siyarwar ba. Baya ga Annette de la Renta, Henry Kissinger da David Rockefeller sun bayar da takardun shaida da ke goyon bayan buƙatun Philip Marshall na sauya matsayin kula da yara.

A ranar da labarin ya bayyana, Alkali John Stackhouse na Kotun Koli ta New York ya rufe takardun da suka shafi karar sannan ya ba da umarnin nada mai kula da Annette de la Renta da kuma JPMorgan Chase a matsayin masu kula da harkokin kudin Brooke. Wasu kungiyoyin labarai da dama ciki har da Associated Press da The New York Times sun kai kara don a cire bayanan shari'ar Astor don amfanin jama'a; an amince da bukatarsu a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2006.  An mayar da Astor zuwa Asibitin Lenox Hill inda wata ma'aikaciyar jinya da ba a san ko ta waye ba ta kira bayyanarta "abin takaici" a cewar Daily News . Ɗan Brooke Tony ya yi ƙoƙarin mayar da mahaifiyarsa zuwa wani asibiti ba tare da nasara ba.

An sallami Brooke daga Asibitin Lenox Hill a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2006, sannan aka mayar da ita Holly Hill,  gidan da ke ƙauyen Briarcliff Manor, New York, inda ta rasu a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 2007.

Littafin Meryl Gordon mai suna Mrs. Astor Regress: The Hidden Betrayals of a Family Beyond Reproach (2008) ya yi amfani da littattafan tarihin rayuwar da ma'aikatan jinya da suka kula da Brooke suka ajiye a shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta. An tattara littattafan tarihin rayuwarta tsawon shekaru huɗu da Astor ta sami kulawa da kuma cikakkun bayanai game da cin zarafin da aka yi mata daga ɗanta. 

Philip C. Marshall farfesa ne mai shekaru 10 kuma darektan adana tarihi a Jami'ar Roger Williams har zuwa 2017 lokacin da ya tafi don sadaukar da kokarinsa na cikakken lokaci ga shari'ar tsofaffi a matsayin wanda ya kafa Beyond Brooke.

 Kutse a cikin kadarori 
Jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2006, cewa Alice Perdue, ma'aikaciyar ofishin kasuwancin mahaifiyarsa, ta zargi Anthony Marshall da karkatar da kusan dala miliyan 1 daga asusun ajiyar mahaifiyarsa da ke fama da rashin lafiya zuwa shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo.  Marshall ta bakin mai magana da yawunsa ya ce mahaifiyarsa ta san da jarin kuma ta amince da su. Perdue ya mayar da martani cewa Marshall ya shawarce ta kada ta aika wa mahaifiyarsa duk wani takardu na kuɗi saboda "ba ta fahimci hakan ba."

Iƙirarin da Philip Marshall ya yi game da yadda mahaifinsa ke tafiyar da kadarorin ya haifar da sha'awar lamarin. Lauyan Gundumar New York ya tuhumi Anthony Marshall da lauya Francis X. Morrissey Jr. a watan Nuwamba na 2007. Zarge-zargen sun samo asali ne daga binciken ofishin lauyan gundumar da kuma babban juri kan yadda aka yi amfani da kuɗin Astor ba daidai ba da kuma sa hannun da ba a iya musantawa ba a kan kwaskwarima ta uku ga wasiyyarta ta 2002 wanda aka yi a watan Maris na 2004. Wannan gyaran ya bukaci a sayar da kadarorin Astor kuma a ƙara kuɗin a cikin kadarorinta. Wani gyara da aka yi a baya, wanda aka yi a shekarar 2004, wanda ya ayyana Marshall a matsayin mai aiwatar da kadarorin mahaifiyarsa kuma ya bar masa dukkan kadarorin, shi ma ana kan bincike a kansa. 

Shari'ar Anthony Marshall da Morrissey ta fara ne a watan Maris na 2009 tare da zaɓen alkalai. A watan Oktoba na 2009, bayan tattaunawa da ta ɗauki tsawon kwanaki 12 kuma an ruwaito cewa an sami rashin jituwa mai zafi wanda ya bar wata mai shari'a mace da ke ikirarin cewa tana jin barazanar wata mai shari'a, alkalai sun yanke wa Anthony Marshall (mai shekaru 85 a lokacin) hukunci daga cikin tuhume-tuhume 14 daga cikin tuhume-tuhume 16 da ake yi masa, ciki har da ɗaya daga cikin tuhume-tuhume biyu na satar kuɗi, mafi tsanani, saboda ya ba kansa kuɗin dala miliyan 1 na baya-bayan nan saboda taimaka wa kuɗaɗen mahaifiyarsa. Juri sun wanke Anthony Marshall a kan wani tuhume-tuhume na farko na satar kuɗi (don siyar da zanen Childe Hassam na dala miliyan 10 mallakar Astor, wanda Marshall ya ɗauki kwamiti na dala miliyan 2), kuma sun wanke shi daga zargin ɓata bayanan kasuwanci . Juri ɗaya ya yanke wa Morrissey hukuncin jabu, makirci, da zamba.

A watan Disamba na 2009, an yanke wa Marshall da Morrisey hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 1-3 a gidan yari.  Philip C. Marshall, jikan Astor, ya ce yanzu da aka yanke wa mahaifinsa hukunci a shari'ar, yana tsammanin za a yi jayayya a kan wasiyyar ta ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban.  Anthony Marshall ya mutu a shekarar 2014. 

A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2011, Sotheby's ta sanar da shirin gwanjon kayan ado na ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2012  da kuma kayan ado na alfarma daga gidanta na Park Avenue da Holly Hill, gidanta na Westchester. 

 Mutuwa da jana'iza 
Brooke Astor ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 2007, tana da shekaru 105, sakamakon ciwon huhu a gidanta  a Briarcliff Manor, New York .  An yi jana'izar a Cocin Saint Thomas (Manhattan) a ranar 17 ga Agusta. Daga cikin baƙi akwai Henry Kissinger, Oscar de la Renta, Whoopi Goldberg, Jessye Norman da Michael Bloomberg .  An binne ta a makabartar Sleepy Hollow da ke Sleepy Hollow, New York kusa da Vincent. Rubutun da ke kan dutsen kabarinta, wanda ta zaɓa, ya ce: "Na yi rayuwa mai ban mamaki." 

Ɗaya daga cikin sanarwar mutuwar Astor a cikin jaridar The New York Times, sanarwar da aka biya daga Jami'ar Rockefeller, ta ƙare da waɗannan layukan:

Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi jimamin mutuwar Brooke akwai Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi ta New York, Cibiyar Kula da Gilashi ta Brooklyn Stained, Carnegie Hall, Kwamitin Citizens na Birnin New York, Kwarin Tarihi na Hudson, Makarantar Juilliard, Gidan Neighborhood na Lenox Hill, Laburare na Amurka, Lotos Club, Gidan Tarihi na Merchant's House, Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan, Gidan Tarihi na Morris-Juemel Mansion, Lambun Botanical na New York, Lambun Lambun New York Landmarks Conservancy, Asibitin Presbyterian na New York, Laburaren Jama'a na New York, Ƙungiyar Yanki ta New York ta Grantmakers, Jami'ar New York, Laburaren Pierpont Morgan, Jami'ar Rockefeller, Ƙungiyar Kula da Dabbobi ta Namun Daji, Ƙungiyar Zoological ta New York da WNET-TV . [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Ayyukan rubutu 

 A cikin kafofin watsa labarai 
An nuna Brooke Astor a matsayin jaruma Jane Merle a cikin barkwancin soyayya mai suna Night and Silence: Who Is Here? wanda marubuciyar marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya Pamela Hansford Johnson ta rubuta. 

A cikin wani shiri na barkwancin Amurka mai suna 30 Rock, Liz Lemon ta yaba wa zoben Angie Jordan, wanda Lemon ya ce "mai ban mamaki ne a ghetto". Jordan ya amsa, "Wannan na Brooke Astor ne".

A cikin wani shiri na Gossip Girl, Blair Waldorf ya tambaya, "yaushe ƙaramar Jenny Humphrey ta zama Brooke Astor na gaba?"

An daidaita tarihin rayuwar Astor zuwa ga waƙar Brooke Astor's Last Affair, tare da littafi da waƙoƙin Rachael Migler da kuma waƙa ta Eric Grunin. An fara wasan kwaikwayon a bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Chicago Musical Theatre na 2019.

 Duba kuma 

 Iyalan Astor

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 2007
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba