Jenny Steiner

Jenny Steiner (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, 1863, a Budapest, Austria-Hungary, a matsayin Eugenie Pulitzer; ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1958, a New York) ta kasance mai tattara kayan fasaha na Austro-Hungary, mai kula da fasaha kuma mai masana'antar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin mulkin Nazi.

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Jenny Steiner, wacce aka fi sani da Politzer ko Pulitzer, a Budapest, 'yar Siegmund Pulitzer da matarsa Charlotte (1833-1920),  a cikin wani iyali mai arziki na Yahudawa masu masana'antu. 'Yar uwarta ita ce mai goyon bayan Klimt kuma mai aminci Serena (Sidonie), (mai suna Lederer da aure); kakaninta Joseph Pulitzer, mawallafin Amurka kuma wanda ya kafa kyautar Pulitzer . An kashe 'yar uwarta Aranka, (mai suna Munk da aure), tare da 'yarta Lola a cikin ghetto na Litzmannstadt a lokacin Holocaust. <re>name=":0"></ref> 

Jenny Steiner ta auri Wilhelm Steiner, mai kamfanin Viennese, wanda shi ne abokin cinikin kamfanin siliki Gebrüder Steiner.  Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1922, ta ci gaba da gudanar da kamfanin ita kaɗai tare da goyon bayan ɗan uwanta Albert Steiner.

Jenny Steiner ta haifi 'ya'ya biyar tare da Wilhelm Steiner, 'ya'ya mata huɗu da ɗa ɗaya. Babbar 'yar, Gertrude (Trude, * 1887), ta mutu sakamakon ciwon sankarau a shekarar 1900. Gustav Klimt ya zana hotonta bayan mutuwarta a shekarar 1900, Hoton Trude Steiner, wanda 'yan Nazi suka sace. An haifi Daisy a shekarar 1890; ta auri Wilhelm Hellmann tun 1912, wacce take da tarin fasahar zamani, tsoffin masters, zane-zane na zamani da sauransu. Klara, wacce aka haifa a shekarar 1901, ta yi aure sau biyu kuma ta zauna a gidan Jenny Steiner a Zedlitzgasse a Vienna har zuwa 1938. Anna, 'yar'uwar tagwayen Klara, ta yi aure sau uku. Tana da 'ya mace, Susanne, tun daga aurenta da Paul Weiß. Ta kuma zauna a Vienna har zuwa 1938. Ɗan Jenny, Georg, ya mutu a shekarar 1926 yana da shekaru 31.

'Yan'uwan Jenny Steiner Serena da Aranka suna da tarin ayyukan Gustav Klimt ; "Heirs of Nazi victim to sell restituted Klimt". reuters. A painting by Gustav Klimt recently returned to the heirs of a Jewish woman killed in the Holocaust will go on sale at Christie's in London in June and is expected to fetch 14-18 million pounds ($20-26 million). "Frauenbildnis (Portrait of Ria Munk III)," painted in 1917-18, is the third and final work in a series of three portraits commissioned by the Munk family of their daughter Ria. Serena da kanta, mahaifiyarta Charlotte da 'yarta Elisabeth Bachofen-Echt Klimt ne ya zana su.  Duk 'yan'uwa mata uku, musamman Serena, suna da kusanci da Gustav Klimt;  su ma masu kula da Egon Schiele ne. Ɗan Serena Erich ya yi darussan zane tare da Schiele. Duk 'yan'uwa mata suna da zane-zanen Klimt da Schiele.

 Zamanin Nazi 
Bayan da Austria ta haɗu da Jamus ta Nazi a Anschluss na 1938, an tsananta wa Steiner da iyalinta saboda asalinsu na Yahudawa. A shekarar 1938, Jenny Steiner ta gudu tare da 'ya'yanta mata Daisy Hellmann da mijinta da Anna Weinberg da kuma jika zuwa Paris, daga nan zuwa Portugal sannan zuwa Brazil.  Da taimakon takardar shaidar Josef Pulitzer, ɗan uwan mahaifin Jenny, sun isa Amurka. 'Yarta Klara da mijinta suma sun sami damar guduwa zuwa Amurka ta hanyar Paris.

Baya ga kafet da kayan ado na bango, an kwace kayan daki da zane-zane kuma an kwace su bisa hujjar bashin harajin jirgin sama na Reich .  An yi gwanjon tarin kayan fasaharta a gidan gwanjon Dorotheum da ke Vienna tun daga shekarar 1940.

 Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu 
Jenny Steiner ta mutu a birnin New York a shekarar 1958; kabarinta yana cikin Sashen Tsohon Yahudawa na Makabartar Vienna ta Tsakiya (Ƙofa ta 1, Rukuni na 7, Layi na 30, Lamba ta 134).

 Tunawa 
Jenny-Steiner-Weg a Vienna-Neubau an sanya mata suna a cikin 2009.

 Diyya 
Austria ta sa mayar da diyya ga Yahudawa cikin wahala tsawon shekaru da dama, har ma da abubuwan da aka ɗauka suna da mahimmanci a al'adu galibi ana hana fitar da su, wanda hakan ke nufin cewa iyalan da suka tsira ba su da hanyar fitar da ayyukan fasaha daga Austria.  Sai a lokacin Dokar Mayar da diyya ta Fasaha ta 1998 da kuma gyaranta na 2009 ne aka mayar da wasu daga cikin ayyukan da aka sace ga masu su. Mayar da diyya ta kasance a hankali kuma har yanzu ba a san ayyuka da yawa ba, ciki har da aikin Portrait of Trude Steiner na Gustav Klimt. Ba a san inda take ba tun 1941.  Zanen Egon Schiele Häuser am Meer da ke cikin Gidan Tarihi na Leopold shi ne abin da aka cimma matsaya a 2012 bayan dogon takaddama.    Har yanzu ba a san inda sauran ayyukan suke ba. 

Magada Jenny Steiner sun yi rijistar neman ayyukan fasaha guda 62 a gidan yanar gizon German Lost Art Foundation don ayyukan fasaha na Klimt, Schiele, Isidor Kaufmann, Rudolf von Alt da sauran masu fasaha da yawa. 

 Duba kuma 

 Kisan kare dangi a Austria
 Jerin da'awar diyya ga zane-zanen da 'yan Nazi suka kwace
 Vugesta
 Kunst na Entartete

 Adabi 

 Sophie Lillie (Hrsg.): Yaƙi ne na einmal . Handbuch der enteigneten Kunstsammlungen Wiens. 2003, ISBN 978-3-7076-0049-0.
 Tobias Natter, Gerbert Frodl (Hrsg.): Klimt und mutu Frauen. Ausstellungskatalog, Dumont, Köln 2000, ISBN 3-8321-7271-8.
 Leopold-Museum -Privatstiftung: Dossier Jenny Steiner, erstellt von Sonja Niederacher am 21. Dezember 2009.
 Sophie Lillie: Die Sammlung Jenny Steiner . A cikin: Kunst - Kommunikation - Macht . Sechster Österreichischer Zeitgeschichtetag, 2003.

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 


 I. Buchner: Die Lederers – Erfolg und Mäzene. Gustav Klimt und Egon Schiele. In: Leipaer-Heimat.net. 8. Mai 2013.


 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba