Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Ruwa ta Amurka

Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Ruwa ta Amurka (AWWA) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai zaman kanta, kimiyya da ilimi wadda aka kafa don inganta ingancin ruwa da wadatar shi. An kafa ta a shekarar 1881, kuma ƙungiya ce da ke wakiltar mambobi (har zuwa 2024) na kimanin mambobi 50,000 a duk duniya. 

Membobin AWWA sun haɗa da: ayyukan samar da ruwa, masu sarrafa masana'antar tace ruwa da manajoji, masana kimiyya, masu kare muhalli, masana'antu, masana ilimi, masu kula da ruwa, da sauransu waɗanda ke da sha'awar samar da ruwa da lafiyar jama'a. AWWA tana aiki ta hanyar bayar da shawarwari, sadarwa, tarurruka, ilimi da horo, kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma ayyukan gida a tsakanin Sassan AWWA 43 a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka.

 Tarihi 
A shekarar 1908, AWWA ta fara haɓaka ƙa'idodin masana'antu don samfura, matakai da mafi kyawun ayyuka. Shirin Ma'aunin AWWA an amince da shi a duk duniya a matsayin tushen albarkatun kimiyya da gudanarwa ga al'ummar ruwa. A halin yanzu, akwai Ka'idojin AWWA sama da 150 da suka shafi kayan tacewa, sinadarai masu magani, ayyukan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, mitoci, bawuloli, ayyukan kula da amfani, tankunan ajiya, famfo, da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, ƙarfe, siminti, asbestos-siminti, da bututun filastik da kayan aiki.  Kwamitocin dindindin suna yin bita akai-akai da sabunta ƙa'idodin kamar yadda ake buƙata.

A yayin da ake bitar nasarar Dokar Ruwan Sha Mai Tsafta bayan 1974, manyan jami'an EPA sun ambaci muhimmiyar rawar da AWWA ta taka a matsayin wurin taro na tsaka-tsaki, musamman a matakin gida. 

A watan Mayun 1985, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta shiga yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da wata ƙungiya da NSF International ke jagoranta don haɓaka ƙa'idodin yarjejeniya na ɓangare na uku da kuma shirin ba da takardar shaida ga duk wani ƙarin ruwan sha kai tsaye da ba kai tsaye ba. Sauran membobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da AWWA. Ƙungiyar tana da alhakin haɗin gwiwar masana'antun, masu kula da muhalli, masu amfani da samfura da sauran masu sha'awar da ke haɓakawa da kiyaye ƙa'idodin NSF. 

A shekarar 1988, AWWA tare da Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe, Ƙungiyar Masu Gudanar da Ruwan Sha ta Jihohi da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka sun haɗu don zartar da wani kuduri na Majalisar Dokoki wanda ya sanya makon farko na watan Mayu a matsayin "Makon Ruwan Sha." 

A watan Fabrairun 1991, AWWA ta kafa Water For People, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta wacce ke taimaka wa mutane a kasashe masu tasowa wajen inganta rayuwarsu ta hanyar tallafawa ci gaban albarkatun ruwan sha mai dorewa a yankin, wuraren tsafta, da shirye-shiryen ilimi kan lafiya da tsafta.

Hukumar AWWA ta kai ƙarar EPA aƙalla sau biyu kan ƙa'idojin ruwan sha:

 A shekarar 1994, sun kai ƙara kuma sun sami nasara a kan ƙa'idojin ruwan sha, musamman suna ƙalubalantar "haɗa layukan ruwa mallakar masu zaman kansu a cikin ma'anar wuraren rarrabawa a ƙarƙashin ikon tsarin ruwan jama'a. 
 A watan Yunin 2024, tare da Ƙungiyar Hukumomin Ruwa na Metropolitan, sun kai ƙara kan iyakokin gurɓataccen PFAS suna masu cewa "EPA ta yi watsi da farashin wannan doka da kuma mummunan tasirin da zai yi wa masu amfani da ruwa" kuma cewa "ba su dogara da mafi kyawun kimiyyar da ake da ita ba". 

 Littattafai da tarurruka 
Domin faɗaɗa rarraba bayanai kan ruwa da batutuwa masu alaƙa, AWWA tana buga mujallun mujallu kamar Mujallar AWWA da Offlow. AWWA kuma tana buga littattafai iri-iri, littattafan horo, ƙa'idodi, rahotanni da bidiyo don amfani da ƙwararrun ruwa da sauransu.    Ƙungiyar kuma tana shirya taro da bayani na shekara-shekara ga ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya a kowace bazara a Arewacin Amurka. Ana kuma gudanar da tarurrukan sashe a duk sassan Arewacin Amurka. Ana gudanar da tarurrukan musamman a duk shekara kan batutuwa da suka haɗa da ingancin ruwa, tsarin rarrabawa da kuma kula da kayan aiki.  AWWA ce ke buga ayyukan tarurrukan shekara-shekara da na musamman.

Tare da haɗin gwiwar sauran ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru, AWWA wata hanya ce ta ci gaba da ilimi da ci gaban ƙwararrun ruwa.  

 Albarkatun masana'antar ruwa 
Ta hanyar Haɗin gwiwa don Ruwa Mai Kyau, AWWA tana aiki tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka da sauran ƙungiyoyin ruwa don taimakawa masu samar da ruwa su inganta aikin tsarin fiye da matakan da ake da su na doka. 

 Sassan 
AWWA ƙungiya ce ta laima wacce ta ƙunshi sassa 43, kowannensu yana wakiltar wani yanki na musamman. Akwai sassa 37 na AWWA a Amurka, sassa 5 na Kanada, kowannensu kuma yana Mexico da Puerto Rico. 

AWWA ta ƙaddamar da AWWAIndia, ƙungiyarta ta farko ta ƙasashen duniya, a shekarar 2015. Hedikwatar AWWAIndia tana Mumbai, Indiya. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba