Lou Harrison

Lou Silver Harrison (Mayu 14, 1917 - Fabrairu 2, 2003) ɗan ƙasar Amirka ne, mai sukar kiɗa, Masanin ilimin kiɗa, mai zane, kuma mai kirkirar kayan kiɗa na musamman. Harrison da farko ya rubuta a cikin wani rikici, salon ultramodernist mai kama da tsohon malaminsa kuma na zamani, Henry Cowell, amma daga baya ya koma ga haɗa abubuwa na al'adun da ba na Yamma ba cikin aikinsa. Shahararrun misalai sun haɗa da wasu ɓangarorin da aka rubuta don kayan wasan gamelan na Javanese, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi bayan gabatarwarsa ga sanannen mawaƙin gamelan Kanjeng Notoprojo . Harrison zai kirkiro nasa rukuni na kiɗa da kayan kida tare da abokin aikinsa, William Colvig, waɗanda yanzu ana ɗaukar su masu kafa motsi na gamelan na Amurka da Kiɗa na duniya; tare da mawaƙa Harry Partch da Claude Vivier, da masanin ilimin kabilanci Colin McPhee.American Made – Books – Baltimore City Paper Archived March 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

Yawancin ayyukan Harrison da kayan gargajiya an rubuta su ne kawai don sautin kawai maimakon daidaitaccen yanayi, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaƙa da suka yi gwaji tare da microtons. Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin mawaƙa na farko da suka rubuta a cikin harshen Esperanto na duniya, kuma daga cikin na farko da ya haɗa jigogi masu ƙarfi na luwadi a cikin kiɗansa.

 Rayuwa ta farko da aiki 

 Yarinta 
An haifi Harrison a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1917, a Portland, Oregon, ga iyayen Clarence "Pop" Harrison da tsohon mazaunin Alaska Calline Lillian "Cal" Harrison (née Silver). Da farko dangin sun kasance masu arziki daga gado na baya, amma sun fada cikin mawuyacin hali wanda ya kai ga Babban Mawuyacin hali. Harrison ya zauna a yankin Portland na shekaru tara kawai kafin ya koma tare da iyayensa da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa, Bill, zuwa wurare da yawa a arewacin California, gami da Sakramento, Stockton, kuma a ƙarshe, San Francisco. Tare da birnin da ke da yawan jama'ar Asiya na Amurka a lokacin, Harrison sau da yawa yana kewaye da tasirin Gabas. Mahaifiyarsa ta yi wa gidansu ado da fitilun Japan, kayan ado na Farisa, da kuma kayan tarihi na tsohuwar kasar Sin. Yawancin waƙoƙi da aka fallasa a can, gami da wasan kwaikwayo na Cantonese, Hawai'ian kīkākila, jazz, norteño da kiɗa na gargajiya, sun burge shi sosai kuma suna sha'awarsa. Daga baya ya ce ya ji karin kiɗa na gargajiya na kasar Sin fiye da kiɗa na Turai a lokacin da ya girma.

Iyayensa ne suka tallafa wa sha'awar Harrison a farko ga kiɗa, inda Cal ke biyan kuɗin darussan piano lokaci-lokaci, kuma Pop ya tura ƙaramin Harrison don yin karatun waƙoƙin gargajiya na Gregorian a Ofishin Jakadancin San Francisco de Asís na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Duk da haka, yawan tafiye-tafiyen iyalin don neman aiki, ya bai wa Harrison matashin damar ƙulla abota ta dogon lokaci. Sau da yawa yana jin kamar baƙo, ya dogara da tunaninsa don jagorantar shawarwarinsa na kyau kuma ya yi nisa da salon fasaha na Yamma. Maimakon haka, ya koma ga ci gaba da iliminsa na kansa, sau da yawa yana ɓatar da lokaci a ɗakin karatu na gida don karanta littattafai kan komai tun daga ilimin dabbobi zuwa Confucianism . Ya tuna cewa yana iya karanta littattafai biyu a rana, kuma yawan sha'awar da ke yawo a duniya ya sa ya haɗa tasirin da ba shi da alaƙa da birane a duk rayuwarsa, gami da waƙoƙinsa na gaba. An yi imanin cewa kaɗaicin kuruciyarsa ya taimaka wajen ƙin manyan biranen birni da abin da ake kira "rayuwar birni". 

 Ilimin kiɗa na farko 
Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare a 1934, Harrison ya shiga Kwalejin Jihar San Francisco (yanzu Jami'ar Jihar San Fransisco). A can ne ya ɗauki darasi na Henry Cowell na "Music of the Peoples of the World" wanda UC Berkeley Extension ke bayarwa. Harrison da sauri ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban Cowell masu ƙwazo, kuma daga baya ya nada shi a matsayin mataimakin aji. Bayan ya halarci wasan kwaikwayon Palo Alto na ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin Cowell don piano da kuma ƙwanƙwasawa a watan Yunin 1935, Harrison zai ayyana shi ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da ya taɓa ji. Daga baya zai haɗa irin waɗannan abubuwa na ƙwanƙwasawa da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kiɗansa. A cikin fall na wannan shekarar, Harrison ya kusanci Cowell don darussan abun da ke ciki na sirri, ya fara abota ta sirri da ta sana'a wacce ta ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Cowell daga ciwon daji a shekarar 1965. Shi ne na farko da ya buga kiɗan Harrison, ta hanyar gidan wallafe-wallafen da ya kafa, New Music Edition. A lokacin da Cowell ya zauna shekaru hudu a gidan yarin San Quentin a kan tuhumar halin kirki da ta shafi ayyukan luwadi, Harrison ya yi kira ga jama'a don a sake shi, kuma ya ziyarce shi a kai a kai don darussan abun da ke ciki ta hanyar mashaya na kurkuku.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Matattun 2003
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917