Larry Fondren

Larry Eugene Fondren ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, mai ƙirƙira da kuma ƙwararre kan harkokin kuɗi, wanda aka san shi da ƙoƙarinsa na kawo gaskiya da riba mai yawa ga kasuwar takardun lamuni da kuma inganta hanyoyin shiga kasuwannin kuɗi. name=":0">

A shekarar 1993 ya ƙaddamar da wani dandamali na ciniki mai suna InterVest a matsayin wani sabon abu mai kawo cikas ga kasuwannin jinginar gida da ke fita. Kamfanonin da ke akwai sun ƙi shiga wanda ya haifar da ƙarar da aka shigar a gaban kotu ta hana amincewa da juna da kuma gazawar kamfanin. Duk da haka, sakamakon ƙoƙarin Fondren da shaidar ƙwararru ga Kwamitin Kuɗi da Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari na Gwamnatin Amurka ya haifar da zartar da Dokar Inganta Gasar Farashin Hayar Gida ta 1999 .

 Sana'a 
In 1987, Fondren started The Exchange, a confidential communication service of his ReSource Intermediary Group through which insurance and reinsurance companies and other financial institution clients of the firm could anonymously communicate their reinsurance, buying, selling, joint-venture, partnering and other commercial interests to an array of prospective counterparties.

A shekarar 1993, tare da ƙaramin adadin masu zuba jari, ya ƙaddamar da InterVest, wani dandamalin ciniki na lantarki don cinikin kasuwa ta biyu mara suna na haɗin gwiwa na kamfanoni da na birni da sauran takaddun kuɗi na kuɗi tsakanin masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi, dillalai da dillalai. Shi ne "Tsarin Ciniki na Kamfani" na farko da SEC ta tsara (wanda ya riga ya zama abin da ya fara amfani da shi a yanzu). A shekarar 1995, InterVest ta shiga yarjejeniya da Bloomberg LP don samar da damar yin hulɗa mai ƙarfi zuwa dandamalin cinikinta da kuma nuna duk oda da ma'amaloli na yanzu ta hanyar tashoshin Bloomberg kusan 100,000 da aka shigar a lokacin.  name=":0">"Never Cross A Bond Dealer". Bloomberg. 1998-03-09. Retrieved 2020-03-02.

A shekarar 1996, an ƙaddamar da damar shiga InterVest ta musamman ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta Bloomberg terminal (ta <ITV-GO>) kuma an ci gaba da amfani da ita har zuwa farkon 1998. "Never Cross A Bond Dealer". Bloomberg. 1998-03-09. Retrieved 2020-03-02.

A shekarar 1999, Fondren ta ƙaddamar da cibiyar farko ta Intanet don gwanjon sabbin takardun hannun jari na kamfanoni masu darajar saka hannun jari da kuma takardun hannun jari masu goyon bayan kadarori . 

Fondren ta kuma ƙirƙiro "LegacyLoans", wani nau'in lamunin da ba na mai amfani ba wanda aka jingina shi kawai da fa'idar mutuwa ta gaba ta hanyar inshorar rai mai cancanta. Saboda masu tsarin suna aro a kan (maimakon sayar) manufofin inshorar rayuwarsu, suna ci gaba da mallakar wannan kadarar, kuma suna amfani da kuɗin lamuni na tsari don biyan duk biyan kuɗi na gaba - suna barin sauran fa'idar mutuwa ga waɗanda suka amfana.    

A shekarar 2011, Fondren ta kafa DelphX LLC, asalin kamfanin DelphX. A watan Afrilun 2019, an maye gurbin Fondren a matsayin Shugaba na kamfanonin DelphX ta hannun Co-Shugaba Patricia Ziegler da Stephen Bacso, waɗanda kowannensu ya yi murabus daga aiki, kuma daga baya Fondren ya ci gaba da zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na DelphX.  

A watan Disamba na 2020, Fondren ya yi murabus daga hukumar DelphX. A watan Fabrairun 2021, DelphX ya fitar da wata sanarwa ga manema labarai inda ya bayyana cewa an amince da murabus din Fondren a baya,  sannan ya kara da cewa an kori Fondren saboda dalili.  Sanarwar manema labaran kamfanin ta ce, "Kwanan nan Hukumar ta gano cewa, sabanin ayyukan riƙon amana ga Kamfanin, Mista Fondren yana amfani da kadarorin Kamfanin don ciyar da muradunsa na kashin kansa gaba." 

A watan Maris na 2021, Fondren ta shigar da ƙara a kan DelphX a Kotun Common Please ta Chester County, Pennsylvania, tana zargin DelphX da ɓata suna, karya kwangila da sauran laifuka marasa kyau. A watan Maris na 2022, Kamfanin DelphX ya shigar da ƙara a kan Fondren a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Gabashin Pennsylvania, yana zargin Fondren da aikata laifuka da yawa. A watan Yuli na 2022, DelphX da Fondren sun warware takaddamarsu cikin lumana. 

 Shari'ar hana cin amana ta tarayya 
Bayan ƙaddamar da InterVest, 'yan dillalan takardun lamuni kaɗan ne suka zaɓi su saka farashi yayin da tsarin ya rage buƙatar ayyukansu kuma ya yi barazana ga ribar su. A cewar Thomas A. Price, babban mataimakin shugaban bankin BondNet na New York, an saka Fondren "a cikin akwatin hukunci" saboda ƙoƙarin canza tsarin da aka kafa. Bloomberg ya daina InterVest a farkon 1998.   

Sakamakon haka, an ƙaddamar da ƙarar da ta shafi cin hanci da rashawa ta tarayya da ke zargin cewa Bloomberg LP da wasu kamfanonin Wall Street (ciki har da SG Cowen Securities; Liberty Brokerage Investment; Liberty Brokerage, Inc.; Liberty Brokerage Securities, Inc.; Deutsche Bank Securities; Cantor Fitzgerald Securities; Salomon Smith Barney, Inc.; Merrill Lynch & Co.; JP Morgan Securities, Inc.; Bear Stearns, Co. Inc.; SG Cowen Securities Corp.; da Deutsche Bank Securities Corp.) sun taimaka wajen rugujewar tsarin cinikin lamuni na InterVest Financial Services Inc. wanda ke da tushe a Bloomberg.

A shekara ta 2002, InterVest ta sasanta da kowanne daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma banda Cowen. An sayar da tsarin yanar gizo na InterVest ga GFI Group, Inc., wani dillalin dillalai . A ƙarshe kotun ta gano cewa InterVest ba ta bayar da isassun shaidu don tabbatar da cewa Cowen ya aikata laifin keta amana ba. An yanke wa Cowen hukunci na ɗan lokaci.   

InterVest ta daukaka kara kan ra'ayin kotun ƙara ta Amurka a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Uku. A ƙarshen zaman Kotun Daukaka Kara, Alkali Edward R. Becker ya ce, "Ko da yake shaidar da aka gabatar za ta iya haifar da hujja mai ma'ana cewa akwai makirci, hakan zai iya haifar da hujjar cewa Cowen ya yi aiki da kansa da hankali wajen ƙin yin mu'amala da InterVest. Wanda ake ƙara ya gabatar da bayani mai ma'ana game da tsarin kasuwa kuma mai ƙara bai yi iƙirarin cewa wannan bayanin hujja ba ne. Wanda ake ƙara ya kuma yarda cewa ya fi son wannan tsarin da yawan yaɗuwar da ke tare da shi kuma ya yarda cewa ba shi da sha'awar sauƙaƙa wa kamfani da ke neman canza wannan tsarin da kuma yin gogayya da shi ga abokan ciniki. Muddin ya yi hakan da kansa, Cowen bai karya doka ba kuma na ga cewa yanayin ya yi daidai da shaidar da ke gabana kamar yadda wanda InterVest ya yi jayayya a kansa yake."  

 Shaidar Majalisa 
An gayyaci Fondren don bayar da shaidar ƙwararru a gaban Kwamitin Kuɗi da Kayayyakin Haɗari a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1998 game da rashin bayyana farashi a kasuwannin jinginar kuɗi da kuma mummunan sakamakon da zai haifar ga masu bayarwa, masu zuba jari da kasuwanni.

An ambaci shaidar Fondren sosai a cikin ɓangaren Bayani da Bukatar Dokoki na Dokar Inganta Gasar Hadin Jari ta 1999. 

 Manazarta 

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