Yahudawa na Romawa

Yahudawa na Romaniote ko Romaniotes (Girkanci; Ibrananci: ,  ) al'ummar Yahudawa ne masu magana da Helenanci. Suna daya daga cikin tsofaffin al'ummomin Yahudawa da ke akwai kuma tsoffin al'ummar Yahudawa a Turai. Romaniotes sun kasance, har ma sun kasance sun bambanta da Sephardi waɗanda suka zauna a Girka ta Ottoman bayan korar Yahudawa daga Spain da Portugal bayan 1492.

Harshensu na musamman shine Yevanic, yaren Girkanci wanda ya ƙunshi Ibrananci tare da wasu kalmomin Aramaic da Turkiyya, amma Romaniotes na yau suna magana da Girkanci na zamani ko harsunan sabbin ƙasashensu. Sunan su ya samo asali ne daga sunan Rhōmanía, wanda ke nufin Daular Romawa ta Gabas ("Daular Romawa", ). Manyan al'ummomin Romaniote suna cikin Thessaloniki, Ioannina, Karita,_Greece" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arta, Greece">Arta, Preveza, Volos, Chalcis, Thebes, Koranti, Patras, da tsibirin Corfu, Crete, Zakynthos, Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Rhodes, da Cyprus, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, babban Bulgaria" id="mwPw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Judaism in Bulgaria">al'umma Yahudawa a tarihi a Bulgaria Romaniote ne har zuwa zuwan Sephardim da Ashkenazim suna guje wa tsanantawa a wasu sassan Turai.

An kashe mafi yawan Yahudawa na Girka a cikin Holocaust bayan mamayewar Axis na Girka yayin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma korar mafi yawan Yahudawa zuwa Sansanin Nazi. Bayan yakin, yawancin wadanda suka tsira sun yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila, Amurka, da Yammacin Turai. A yau har yanzu akwai majami'u na Romaniote da ke aiki a Chalkis (wanda ke wakiltar tsohuwar ikilisiyar Yahudawa a ƙasar Turai), Ioannina, Veria, Athens, Birnin New York, da Isra'ila.

 Sunan 
Sunan Romaniote yana nufin Daular Romawa ta Gabas, wanda aka fi sani da Byzantium, wanda ya haɗa da yankin Girka ta zamani, wanda wannan ƙungiyar Yahudawa ta zauna na ƙarni. A tarihi, ana kiran Daular a matsayin Rhōmanía da kuma 'yan ƙasa Krista a matsayin Rhōmaîoi, "Romawa", yayin da ake kiran Yahudawa masu magana da Helenanci Rhōmaniôtes, ma'ana mazaunan Rhōmania.

 Tarihi 
Yahudawa sun zauna a Girka tun a kalla zamanin Haikali na Biyu (516 KZ - 70 AZ). Kasancewar Yahudawa da aka yi rikodin su a Girka ya samo asali ne daga sama da shekaru 2,300 zuwa lokacin Alexander the Great .  Magana ta farko game da Bayahude na Girka ita ce rubutun da aka rubuta a shekara ta , wanda aka samo a Oropos, wani karamin gari da ke bakin teku tsakanin Athens da Beotia, wanda ke nufin "Moschos, ɗan Moschion Bayahude", wanda ƙila ya kasance bawa.
An gano majami'ar Yahudawa ta Helenistic a cikin 1829 kusa da tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta babban birnin tsibirin Aegina ta hanyar masanin tarihin Scotland-Jamus Ludwig Ross, wanda ke aiki a kotun Sarki Otto na Girka. An rufe bene don kariya kuma Thiersch ya sake nazarin shi a cikin 1901, Furtwängler a cikin 1904, E. Sukenik a cikin 1928 da Gabriel Welter a cikin 1932 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin National Archaeological Service. Dangane da ingancin mosaic na bene, an yi imanin cewa an gina ginin a karni na 4 AZ (300-350 AZ) kuma an yi amfani da shi har zuwa karni na 7. Gidan mosaic na majami'ar ya ƙunshi tesserae masu launi da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da ra'ayi na kafet, a cikin tsarin lissafi na shuɗi, launin toka, ja da fari. An sami rubutun Helenanci guda biyu a gaban ƙofar majami'ar, a gefen yammacin ginin. A yau, wani ɓangare ne kawai na bene na majami'ar, kuma an ƙaura daga wurinsa na asali zuwa farfajiyar Gidan Tarihin Archaeological na tsibirin.

A shekara ta 1977 an gano wani Majami'a na dā a Athens, majami'ar da ke cikin Agora na Athens, wanda zai iya zama majami'u inda Bulus Manzo ya yi wa'azi. Rubuce-rubuce a cikin haruffa na Samariya da Girkanci da aka samu a Thessaloniki na iya samo asali ne daga majami'un Samariyawa. A lokaci guda majami'ar da ta fi tsufa da aka samu a cikin Diaspora ita ce majami'a mafi tsufa ta Samariyawa: ita ce majamin Delos, wanda ke da rubutun da aka rubuta tsakanin 250 da 175 KZ 

 Manazarta