Cupressus sempervirens

Cupressus sempervirens, cypress na Bahar Rum  (wanda aka fi sani da Cypress na Italiya,  Tuscan cypress, ko Persian cypress), nau'in cypress ne na asalin yankin gabashin Bahar Rum da Iran . Ya dace da yanayin muhalli da yake zaune a ciki saboda ikonsa na rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai acidic da alkaline kuma yana tsayayya da fari. Cupressus sempervirens yana da mahimmanci a cikin al'adun Bahar Rum da Gabas ta Tsakiya, musamman a Iran, inda itace mai tsarki ne kuma kwatanci ne ga "kyakkyawan adadi na ƙaunatacce".

 Bayyanawa 
Cupressus sempervirens itace mai matsakaici mai tsayi mai tsayi wanda ke girma har zuwa 35 m (115 ft), tare da kambi mai tsayi tare da rassan da ke ratayewa. Yana da tsawon rai, tare da wasu bishiyoyi da aka ruwaito sun wuce shekaru 1,000.  

Cupressis sempervirens yana samar da tsiro na gefe, ko rassa, wanda sau da yawa yakan girma sama zuwa tushen haske. Shafuka suna girma a cikin tsananin kore mai duhu. Shafuka suna kama da sikelin, 2-5 mm tsawo, kuma an samar da su a kan tsiro (ba a shimfiɗa ba). Kwayoyin tsaba suna da tsayi ko tsayi kuma suna da tsawon 25-40 mm. cones suna da ma'auni 10-14, waɗanda suke kore da farko kuma sun girma zuwa launin ruwan kasa game da watanni 20-24 bayan pollination. Kwayoyin maza suna da tsawon 3-5 mm kuma suna fitar da pollen mai ƙarancin ƙarancin cuta a ƙarshen hunturu. Cones na C. sempervirens  na iya tsayayya da shekaru na rufewa kuma an san su da yin Serotiny. Itacen yana da matsakaici ga ciwon daji na cypress, wanda ya haifar da fungus Seiridium cardinal, kuma yana iya shan wahala mai yawa inda wannan cuta ta zama ruwan dare. Sunan jinsin sempervirens ya fito ne daga Latin don 'kore' .   

 Amfani da shi 
C. sempervirens an noma shi sosai a matsayin itace mai ban sha'awa na dubban shekaru a waje da asalinsa, galibi a duk yankin Bahar Rum da sauran yankuna tare da irin wannan zafi, lokacin rani mai bushe da sanyi, hunturu mai ruwan sama, gami da California, kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu, da kudancin Australia. Hakanan ana iya shuka shi cikin nasara a yankunan da ke da sanyi, lokacin rani mai laushi, kamar British Isles, New Zealand, da Pacific Northwest. An kuma dasa shi a Florida da wasu sassan bakin teku na kudancin Amurka a matsayin itace mai ban sha'awa. A wasu yankuna, musamman Amurka, an san shi da "Italiyanci" ko "Tuscan cypress". A cikin asalinsa, an dasa C. sempervirens a cikin lambuna da makabarta kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman iska a gefen hanyoyi. Itacen na iya hana lalacewar ƙasa da yanayin zafi ya haifar.
Yawancin bishiyoyi da ke cikin noma sune zaɓaɓɓun cultivars tare da kambi mai tsauri, tare da rassan da ke tsaye suna samar da kunkuntar zuwa kunkuntar kambi sau da yawa ƙasa da kashi goma kamar yadda itacen yake da tsawo. Siffar "alama mai ban sha'awa" mai duhu na waɗannan bishiyoyi alama ce ta musamman ta shimfidar wurare na Bahar Rum.

 Tsayayyar wuta 
Ba kamar yawancin nau'ikan Cupressus ba, C. sempervirens yana da ƙarancin resin, kuma ba ya samun sauƙi ko yada wuta. A watan Yulin 2012, gobarar daji ta kwana biyar ta ƙone kadada 20,000 na gandun daji a ƙauyen Valencian na Andilla. Koyaya, ƙungiyar bishiyoyin cypress 946 kusan shekaru 22 ba su da rauni, tare da ƙone bishiyoyi 12 kawai. An dasa cypresses na Andilla ta hanyar aikin CypFire na Turai don nazarin fannoni daban-daban na cypresses, gami da juriya ta wuta. Wannan yana haifar da sha'awa sosai wajen amfani da shi wajen samar da firebreaks a yankunan da ke fuskantar gobarar daji.

 Amfani da kayan shafawa da magani 
Duk da yake wasu binciken sun nuna cewa yana da kaddarorin magani na zamani, an fi lura da shi don amfani a cikin maganin gargajiya, inda ake amfani da busassun ganye na shuka don magance cututtuka daban-daban. A cikin kayan shafawa, ana amfani da shi azaman astringent, don firming, azaman anti-seborrheic, don anti-dandruff, don anti'age da kuma turare. Har ila yau itace na gargajiya ne da aka yi amfani da shi don harpsichords na Italiyanci.
Ana amfani da tsaba da aka bushe na Cupressus sempervirens a wasu lokuta don taimakawa mutane sarrafa yanayin fata kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da warkar da yanka ko raguwa. Man daga ganyen shuka na iya taimakawa wajen murmurewa daga ƙananan cututtuka kamar ƙuƙwalwar hanci.

 Gidajen zama 
Cupressus sempervirens yana girma da farko a wuraren da ke da hunturu mai laushi da lokacin zafi; a cikin bazara da kaka, itacen yana girma daga tushensa, tsokoki, da ganye. Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire, yana buƙatar haske don irin wannan girma. Saboda itacen dole ne ya tsira daga hunturu mai laushi da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushe, saiwoyinsa sun dace da su zama masu ƙarfi da zurfi don sauƙaƙe tattara abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Tushen sun dace da aiki a cikin ƙasa mai ƙamshi da alkaline.

 A cikin al'adu 

 Iran 
A cikin Farisa, ana kiran C. sempervirens  "Cypress mai ladabi" (sarv-e nāz), kuma yana da karfi a cikin al'adu, shayari da lambuna. Yana ɗauke da misalai da yawa, gami da "adadin kirki da tafiya mai girma na ƙaunatacce".[the] Mutanen Iran sun dauki cypress a matsayin abin tunawa na Zoroaster. Hadisin Zoroastrian da Daqiqi ya rubuta ya ci gaba da cewa Sarki Vishtaspa, bayan ya tuba zuwa Zoroastrianism, ya ba da umarnin a dasa cypress daga aljanna ta Zoroaster a kusa da haikalin wuta na farko.

Mafi dadewa mai rai mai yiwuwa shine Sarv-e-Abarkooh a lardin Yazd na Iran. An yi iƙirarin shekarunta kusan shekaru 4,000,[1]  ko da yake babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da wannan da'awar.￼

 Alamar 
A zamanin d ̄ a, cypress alama ce ta makoki, kuma a zamanin zamani, ya kasance babban itacen makabarta a duk duniya musulmi da Turai. A cikin al'adun gargajiya, ana danganta cypress da mutuwa da duniyar ƙasa saboda ya kasa sake farfadowa lokacin da aka yanke shi sosai. Gidajen Athens da ke cikin makoki an yi musu ado da rassan cypress. An yi amfani da cypress don yin amfani da iska yayin ƙonewa. Yana daga cikin tsire-tsire da suka dace da yin furanni don yin ado da siffofi na Pluto, mai mulkin gargajiya na duniya.

Marubucin waka Ovid, wanda ya rubuta a lokacin mulkin Augustus, ya rubuta sanannen labari wanda ya bayyana haɗin cypress da baƙin ciki. Kyakkyawan yaro Cyparissus, wanda Apollo ya fi so, ya kashe ƙaunataccen doki ba zato ba tsammani. Rashin jin dadinsa da nadama sun kasance marasa ta'aziyya har ya nemi ya yi kuka har abada. An canza shi zuwa itacen cypress, tare da ruwan itacen a matsayin hawaye. A wani sashi na labarin, allahn gandun daji Silvanus ne wanda shine abokin allahntaka na Cyparissus kuma ba da gangan ya kashe doki. Lokacin da yaron ya cinye shi da baƙin ciki, Silvanus ya juya shi cikin itace kuma daga baya ya ɗauki reshe na cypress a matsayin alama ta makoki.

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A cikin al'adun gargajiya, C. sempervirens galibi ana danganta shi da wuraren hutu a yankin Bahar Rum, musamman Italiya. An ga bishiyar a kan fosta na tafiye-tafiye tsawon shekaru da dama.[1][2] [mafi kyawun tushe ana buƙatar]￼

 Manazarta 

 Ƙarin karantawa 

 Haɗin waje 

 Cupressus sempervirens - bayanai, raka'a na kiyaye kwayoyin halitta da albarkatun da suka danganci su daga Shirin albarkatun kwayoyin halitta na gandun daji na Turai (EUFORGEN) 

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