Fuskar Mshatta

Gidan Mshatta shine ɓangaren da aka yi wa ado na bangon gidan sarauta na Umayyad na ƙarni na 8 na Qasr Mshatta, ɗaya daga cikin Gidan Gida na Jordan, wanda yanzu an shigar da shi a kudancin reshen Gidan Tarihi na Pergamon a Berlin, Jamus. Yana daga cikin nune-nunen dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Musulunci na Pergamon wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga Fasahar Musulunci daga ƙarni na 8 zuwa 19. Wannan karamin sashi ne kawai na cikakken tsawon bangon, kewaye da babban ƙofar; yawancin bangon ba a yi masa ado ba kuma ya kasance a wurin.

 Tarihi 
Gidan ya kasance na gidan Qasr Mshatta ko fadar Mshatta, wanda aka tono kusan kilomita 30 a kudancin babban birnin Jordan na zamani na Amman. An yi tunanin cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin wurin zama na hunturu da dakunan ajiya a lokacin Umayyad. Ginin fadar mai yiwuwa ya kasance a zamanin Khalifa Al-Walid II (743-744). Bayan an kashe Al Walid, an bar shi ba cikakke ba kuma daga baya ya lalace a girgizar ƙasa. Sassan bangon waje da suka rage a wurin sun fi sauƙi. 

Abin mamaki ga ginin Umayyad, an gina manyan gine-ginen daga tubalin da aka ƙone wanda ke kwance a kan tushe na dutse mai kyau; bangon da aka sassaƙa shi ma a dutse ne. Sunan wurin, Mshatta, sunan ne da Bedouins na zamani ke amfani da shi a yankin, kuma sunan asali bai san shi ba.

An tono ragowar fadar a cikin 1840. Gidan ya kasance kyauta daga Sultan Abdul Hamid II na Ottoman ga Sarkin sarakuna Wilhelm II na Jamus. An kawo babban bangare zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na Kaiser-Friedrich (yanzu Gidan kayan gargajiya na Bode) a Berlin a cikin 1903. An sake gina shi a matsayin tsayin mita 33, tsayin mita 5, tare da hasumiya biyu, da sassa na ƙofar tsakiya. A cikin 1932 an sake gina shi a Gidan Tarihi na Pergamon . Ya lalace sosai a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bombardment na Berlin. A yau, yana daya daga cikin muhimman nune-nunen Museum für Islamische Kunst a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Pergamon, kuma babban abin tunawa na fasahar Islama da gine-gine na farko, yana nuna siffofin farko na arabesque, millefleur da kuma dabbobi da aka sassaƙa a cikin taimako.

An yi tattaunawa mai yawa game da gaskiyar cewa kayan ado a gefen hagu na bangon ya ƙunshi dabbobi da yawa daga cikin siffofin ganye, yayin da a hannun dama na ƙofar a tsakiya babu dabbobi. An ba da shawarar cewa wannan saboda gefen dama shine bangon waje na masallacin.

 Kayan ado 

 Manazarta 

 Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar and Marilyn Jenkins-Madina, 2001, Islamic Art and Architecture: 650-1250, 50, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-08869-8