Isra'ila Ingila

Isra'ila Alexander Englander (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1948) wani hamshakin attajiri ne na Amurka wanda ke kula da asusun hedge .  A shekarar 1989, ya kafa asusun hedge nasa, Millennium Management, tare da Ronald Shear. An fara asusun da dala miliyan  US$, kuma ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2025 yana da kadarori  da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa.name="Operations">

Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2025, Forbes ta kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 18.9.  name="Forbes profile">

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Isra'ila "Izzy" Englander a shekarar 1948 kuma an haife shi a cikin dangin Yahudawa 'yan Poland a unguwar Crown Heights da ke Brooklyn .  Ya girma a gidan addini kuma ya halarci yeshiva .

An kashe dukkan iyalan mahaifinsa a lokacin kisan kiyashin Holocaust .  An kai iyayensa 'yan Poland zuwa sansanin aiki na Soviet bayan yakin, inda aka haifi 'yan'uwa mata biyu na Ingila. Daga nan suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1947.

Koyaushe yana da sha'awar kasuwar hannun jari, Englander ya fara cinikin hannun jari yayin da yake makarantar sakandare. A lokacin kwaleji, ya yi aikin ɗaurin kurkuku a Oppenheimer &amp; Co. (inda surukinsa na gaba, Jack Nash, zai zama shugaban ƙasa kuma shugaba) da kuma a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York . A shekarar 1970, ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar New York da digirin BS a fannin kuɗi.   Aikinsa na farko na cikakken lokaci shine tare da kamfanin Wall Street Kaufmann, Alsberg &amp; Co. Daga baya ya shiga shirin MBA na Jami'ar New York da yamma amma bai kammala karatun ba. 

 Sana'ar saka hannun jari 

 Farkon aikin kasuwanci 
A Kaufmann Alsberg, Ingilar ta mayar da hankali kan cinikin takardun kuɗi da zaɓuɓɓuka masu canzawa. Lokacin da Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Amurka ta fara lissafa zaɓuɓɓuka, ya sayi kujera a kasuwar. A shekarar 1977, ya kafa gidan dillalan bene, IA Englander & Co. 

A shekarar 1985, Englander da abokin aikinsa John Mulheren Jr., sun kafa wani kamfanin saka hannun jari mai suna Jamie Securities Co. da jarin dala miliyan 75 daga dangin Belzberg na Kanada. Mulheren ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin ɗan kasuwa ga Ivan Boesky . A watan Fabrairun 1988, lokacin da aka yanke wa Boesky hukunci daga baya kan cinikin sirri, kuma ya amince ya bayar da shaida a kan Mulheren a cikin yarjejeniyar roƙo don a yanke masa hukunci mafi ƙaranci, An kama Mulheren saboda ɗaukar bindiga mai lodi kuma an same shi da laifin shirya cinikin hannun jari ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ga Boesky, amma daga baya an soke hukuncin. Duk da cewa ba a taɓa samun Englander da hannu a lamarin ta kowace hanya ba, an wargaza Jamie Securities a shekarar 1988 saboda mummunan tallan da aka yi bayan halin da Mulheren ke ciki.

 Gudanar da Millennium 
A shekarar 1989, Ingila ta fara Millennium Management tare da Ronald Shear—wanda ya sani tun lokacin da yake a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Amurka —da dala miliyan 35  a cikin kudin iri (gami da dala miliyan 5 daga Ingila da kansa da kuma wani dala miliyan 2 daga dangin Belzberg). Kamfanin ya fara aiki cikin wahala kuma Shear ya bar aiki a shekarar 1990.  Tun daga lokacin, Ingila ta haɓaka Millennium zuwa kamfani mai darajar dala biliyan 39.2 (wanda ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa) ta hanyar amfani da dabarun saka hannun jari kamar su sulhu na ƙididdiga (nazarin adadi); saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci; sulhu na haɗaka (amfani da bambancin farashi tsakanin farashin hannun jari na kamfanin da aka nufa da farashin tayin) da sulhu na canzawa (amfani da bambancin farashi tsakanin farashin hannun jari na kamfani da yarjejeniyar jingina ko farashin garantin hannun jari ).  A kowane lokaci, Millennium tana da dubban mukamai na saka hannun jari kuma tana yin ciniki sama da miliyan 10 a matsakaiciyar rana.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, Millennium tana da ma'aikata sama da 6,300 a manyan ofisoshi 18 a Amurka, Turai, da Asiya. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Ingilar ta auri Caryl (née Schechter) Englander har zuwa 2023.  Suna da 'ya'ya uku.   A shekarar 2014, ya sayi wani gida mai hawa biyu a Park Avenue na birnin New York kan US$ miliyan , wanda shine mafi tsada ga wani kamfani a Manhattan.  

A shekarar 2022, ya sayi gida mai darajar dala miliyan 20 kusa da Les Invalides a birnin Paris, mallakar iyalan Bettencourt, waɗanda suka kafa L'Oréal . 

 Arziki da taimakon jama'a 
A shekara ta 2006, Gidauniyar Ingila, wacce Ingila da matarsa ke jagoranta, ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 20 ga galibin ƙungiyoyi da makarantun Yahudawa.  Ingilar tana aiki a hukumar gudanarwa ta Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Weill Cornell  da kuma Majalisar Metropolitan kan Talauci ta Yahudawa.  A watan Maris na 2019, Forbes ta naɗa shi ɗaya daga cikin manajoji da 'yan kasuwa masu samun kuɗi mafi girma. 

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