Ronald Steel

Ronald Lewis Steel (an haife shi Sklut; Maris 25, 1931 - Mayu 7, 2023) marubuci ne na Amurka, masanin tarihi, kuma farfesa. Shi ne marubucin tarihin Walter Lippmann .  [ƙananan alpha 1]

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Ronald Lewis Sklut a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1931, a Morris, Illinois, a wajen Chicago. Ya kasance Bayahude kuma mahaifinsa ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka daga Rasha.

Steel ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Ingilishi  daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma (1953) da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arzikin siyasa daga Jami'an Harvard (1955).   Ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka, wanda aka ajiye a Paris kuma ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya a Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Amurka, wanda ke zaune a Hamburg .  

Steel ya kasance editan Scholastic Corporation daga 1959 zuwa 1962. [1] A shekarar 1960, ya fara rubutu da sunan alkalami Ronald Steel . [1] Bayan ya bar Scholastic, ya zauna a Turai, yana aiki a Paris da London a matsayin marubuci da fassara.Steel was an editor for the Scholastic Corporation from 1959 to 1962.[1] By 1960, he had begun writing under the pen name Ronald Steel.[1] After leaving Scholastic, he lived in Europe, working in Paris and London as a writer and translator.

Karfe shi ne marubucin Walter Lippmann da American Century,   tarihin rayuwar Lippmann.  Don wannan littafin, an ba shi lambar yabo ta National Book Critics Circle Award a cikin Janar Nonfiction, lambar yabo ta kasa,   Kyautar Bancroft, da kuma kyautar Los Angeles Times Book Prize for History. An kuma zabi littafin don Kyautar Pulitzer a Biography .

An ba shi kyautar Guggenheim Fellowship a shekarar 1973. 

Steel ya kasance farfesa a fannin alakar kasa da kasa, tarihi, da aikin jarida a Jami'ar Kudancin California, inda ya koyar daga 1986 zuwa 2008.  Kafin koyarwa a USC, ya koyar a Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Rutgers, Kwalejin Wellesley, Kwaleji ta Dartmouth, Jami'an George Washington, UCLA, da Jami'ar Princeton.

Steel ya rubuta wa Sabon Jamhuriyar a cikin shekarun 1980. Ya kuma rubuta wa Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times da The New York Review of Books . 

A cikin 2016, Steel ya koma gidan jinya a Washington, DC, saboda karuwar raunin hankali daga Rashin hankali. Ya mutu a can a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2023, yana da shekaru 92.

 Ayyuka 

 Manufar Kasuwancin Kasashen Waje ta Amurka, 1962
 Italiya, 1963
 Ƙarshen Ƙungiyar: Amurka da Makomar Turai, 1964
 Arewacin Afirka, 1967
 Pax Americana, 1967
 Masu mulkin mallaka da sauran Jarumai: Tarihin Daular Amurka, 1971 
 Walter Lippmann da karni na Amurka, 1980
 Jarabawar Superpower, 1995
 A cikin Ƙauna da Dare: soyayya ta Amurka tare da Robert Kennedy, 2000 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931
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