Berni Alder

Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Alder a Duisburg, Prussia, a watan Satumba na 1925, ga iyayen Yahudawa, masanin sinadarai kuma mai kula da gida.  name="AldInt"> Bayan da 'yan Nazi suka hau mulki, iyalan sun ƙaura zuwa Zurich, Switzerland. Saboda tsoron mamayewar Jamus ta Nazi bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, iyalin sun nemi biza zuwa Amurka, wanda aka ba su izini a 1941.  Sun tafi ta jirgin ƙasa mai rufewa daga Switzerland mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa Spain (ba mai tsaka-tsaki ba) sannan suka tafi Portugal, inda suka hau jirgin ruwa zuwa Amurka.  Bayan ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka bayan shigar Amurka cikin yaƙin, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin sinadarai daga Jami'ar California da ke Berkeley da digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan sinadarai daga wannan cibiyar a 1947. Ya je Cibiyar Fasaha ta California  don yin karatu a ƙarƙashin John Gamble Kirkwood don digirinsa na uku a 1948 kuma ya yi aiki don binciken canjin yanayi a cikin iskar gas mai ƙarfi tare da Stan Frankel, inda ya sami ra'ayin amfani da hanyar Monte Carlo .

Bayan ya kammala karatunsa a Caltech a shekarar 1952, Alder ya tafi Berkeley ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Berkeley don koyar da sinadarai da kuma ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ƙarƙashin shawarar Edward Teller a cikin shirin makaman nukiliya na dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Lawrence Livermore don taimakawa tare da daidaiton yanayi. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Thomas Everett Wainwright, da Mary Ann Mansigh, ya ƙirƙiro dabarun kwaikwayon yanayin ƙwayoyin halitta a tsakiyar shekarun 1950,  gami da canjin yanayin ruwa-solid don yanayin hard sphere  da kuma saurin daidaitawa yana aiki da lalata a cikin ruwa.  

Alder, tare da Teller, suna ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Sashen Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa a 1963. [1] Farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar aikace-aikace a Jami'ar California da ke Davis, daga baya kuma farfesa ne mai ritaya.

Alder ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2020, sakamakon bugun zuciya . 

 Daraja 
A shekara ta 2001, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Boltzmann saboda ƙirƙiro dabarar kwaikwayon yanayin ƙwayoyin halitta. An zaɓi Alder a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2008.  A shekara ta 2009, an ba shi lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta Kimiyya .  Alder ɗan Guggenheim ne. Shi ne editan jerin littattafai Methods in Computer Physics kuma wanda ya kafa mujallar Computing.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutattun 2020
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925