Bessarion

Bessarion (Girkanci; 2 ga Janairu 1403 - 18 ga Nuwamba 1472) ya kasance ɗan adam na Byzantine Greek Renaissance, masanin tauhidi, Katolika kuma ɗaya daga cikin sanannun malaman Girka waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga farfado da haruffajiyar a ƙarni na 15. Gemistus Pletho ne ya ilimantar da shi a Falsafar Neoplatonic kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban Latin Patriarch na Constantinople . Daga bisani aka nada shi kadinal kuma an dauke shi sau biyu don papacy. 

Sunan baftismarsa shine Basil (Girkanci: Βασίλειος,  Basileios  ko Basilios ). Ya ɗauki sunan Bessarion lokacin da ya shiga gidan ibada. An kuma san shi da kuskure da Johannes Bessarion (Italiyanci: ) saboda fassarar kuskure na Gregory III Mammas .

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Bessarion a Trebizond, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Black Sea a arewa maso gabashin Anatolia wanda shine zuciyar al'adun Pontic Girka da wayewa a lokacin Byzantine da Ottoman. An ba da shekarar haihuwarsa a matsayin 1389, 1395 ko 1403.

 Neoplatonism na Bessarion 
Bessarion ya yi karatu a Constantinople, sannan ya tafi a 1423 zuwa Mystras, Peloponnese don nazarin Neoplatonism a ƙarƙashin Gemistus Pletho .  A karkashin Pletho, ya "ta hanyar karatun zane-zane na sassaucin ra'ayi..., tare da jaddadawa ta musamman kan lissafi...gami da nazarin ilimin taurari da yanayin ƙasa" wanda zai danganta "falsafa zuwa kimiyyar lissafi...cosmology da astrology" da kuma "mathematics na Pletho zai haɗa da lissafin lissafi na Pythagorean, lissafi na Plato da lissafin Neoplatonic wanda ya haɗa da duniya na Plato's Forms mai ban mamaki kuma cewa Blatonic ...[and]

Neoplatonism na Bessarion ya kasance tare da shi duk rayuwarsa, har ma a matsayin kadinal. Ya saba da kalmomin Neoplatonist kuma ya yi amfani da shi a cikin wasikar da ya yi wa 'ya'yan Pletho maza biyu, Demitrios da Andronikos, a kan mutuwar malaminsa da yake ƙauna a shekara ta 1452.  Wataƙila abu mafi ban mamaki game da rayuwarsa shi ne cewa Neoplatonist na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Cocin Katolika na akalla ɗan gajeren lokaci, kodayake yawancin malaman Katolika na Orthodox sun kai masa hari saboda ra'ayoyinsa jim kadan bayan mutuwarsa.

 Matsayi a Majalisar Ferrara 
Lokacin da ya zama ɗan majami'a, ya ɗauki sunan Bessarion na Masar, wanda ya ba da labarin. A shekara ta 1436 ya zama masanin wani gidan ibada a Constantinople kuma a shekara ta 1437, Sarkin sarakuna na Byzantine John VIII Palaeologus ya sanya shi Babban birni na Nicaea, wanda ya bi shi zuwa Italiya don kawo haɗuwa tsakanin majami'u na Gabas (Orthodox) da Yamma (Katolika). Sarkin sarakuna yana fatan yin amfani da yiwuwar sake haɗa majami'u don samun taimako daga Yammacin Turai a kan Daular Ottoman. Bessarion ya shiga cikin tawagar Byzantine zuwa Majalisar Ferrara-Florence a matsayin babban wakilin 'yan ƙungiyar, kodayake da farko ya kasance na jam'iyyar masu adawa da ƙungiyar. A ranar 6 ga Yulin 1439, ya karanta sanarwar kungiyar Ikklisiyoyin Girka a babban coci na Florence, a gaban Paparoma Eugene IV da John VIII.

 Dubi kuma 

 Masanan Girka a cikin Renaissance
 John Chortasmenos

 Manazarta 

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