Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)

Constructivism wata ka'ida ce da ke nuna cewa masu koyo ba sa samun ilimi ta hanyar Koyarwa kai tsaye. Maimakon haka, suna gina fahimtar su ta hanyar gogewa da hulɗar zamantakewa, haɗa sabbin bayani tare da ilimin da suke da shi. Wannan ka'idar ta samo asali ne daga ka'idar masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Switzerland Jean Piaget game da ci gaban fahimta.

 Bayani 
Tsarin gini a cikin ilimi ya samo asali ne daga ilimin ilimin lissafi, ka'idar ilimi da ta shafi rukunan ilimi na ma'ana da kuma hujjarsa.  Ya yarda cewa ɗalibai suna kawo ilimin da suka gabata da gogewa da yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu suka tsara, kuma cewa ilmantarwa tsari ne na ɗalibai suna "gina" ilimi bisa ga abubuwan da suka fuskanta. Yayin da halin ɗabi'a ya mayar da hankali kan fahimtar abin da ɗalibai ke yi, tsarin gini ya jaddada mahimmancin fahimtar abin da ɗalibai ke tunani da kuma yadda za a wadatar da tunaninsu. Seifert, Kelvin & Sutton, Rosemary. Educational Psychology: Second Edition . Global Text Project, 2009, pp. 33–37.

Za a iya danganta tsarin ginawa a ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga aikin Jean Piaget (1896–1980) da kuma ka'idarsa ta ci gaban fahimta. Mayar da hankali kan Piaget ya kasance kan yadda mutane ke samun ma'ana ta hanyar haɗa gogewa da ra'ayoyi, yana mai jaddada ci gaban ɗan adam a matsayin wanda ya bambanta da tasirin waje  Wani mutum mai tasiri, Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934), ya jaddada mahimmancin ilimin zamantakewa a cikin ka'idarsa ta gina zamantakewa, yana mai nuna yadda hulɗa da manya, takwarorinsu, da kayan aikin fahimta ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar tsarin tunani. Dangane da aikin Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner da sauran masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sun gabatar da manufar tsarin koyarwa, inda yanayin ilmantarwa ke ba da tallafi wanda a hankali ake cire shi yayin da ɗalibai ke shiga cikin ilimin. Seifert, Kelvin & Sutton, Rosemary. Educational Psychology: Second Edition . Global Text Project, 2009, pp. 33–37.

Ra'ayoyin da suka fi mai da hankali kan ci gaban ɗan adam a cikin yanayin zamantakewa sun haɗa da hangen nesa na zamantakewa ko zamantakewa da tarihi na Lev Vygotsky da kuma hangen nesa na Mikhail Bakhtin, Jean Lave, da Etienne Wenger .  Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan Brown, Collins, da Duguid,  da kuma Newman, Griffin, Cole,  da Barbara Rogoff . 

Manufar gina gine-gine ta shafi fannoni da dama, ciki har da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, ilimi, da tarihin kimiyya . [1] A farkon matakansa, gina gine-gine ya mayar da hankali kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin abubuwan da ɗan adam ke fuskanta da kuma yadda suke ji ko kuma yanayin halayensu. Piaget ya kira waɗannan tsarin ilimi a matsayin "tsari."

Ka'idar Piaget ta koyon gina gine-gine ta yi tasiri sosai kan ka'idojin koyo da hanyoyin koyarwa a cikin ilimi. Tana aiki a matsayin tushen ra'ayi a cikin ƙungiyoyin gyaran ilimi a cikin kimiyyar fahimta da ilimin jijiyoyi. 

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