Raphaël Salem

Raphaël Salem (Girka; 7 ga Nuwamba, 1898 a Tasalonika" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Salonika">Salonika, Daular Ottoman (yanzu Thessaloniki, Girka) - 20 ga Yuni, 1963 a Paris, Faransa) masanin lissafi ne na Girka wanda aka ba da sunan Lambobin Salem da Salem-Spencer, kuma gwauruwarsa ta kafa Kyautar Salem.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Raphaël Salem a Saloniki ga Emmanuel da Fortunée Salem . Mahaifinsa sanannen lauya ne wanda ke hulɗa da matsalolin duniya. An haifi Raphaël a cikin iyalin Yahudawa waɗanda suka bi al'adun kakanninsu. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, iyalin suka koma Faransa kuma Salem ta halarci Lycée Condorcet na tsawon shekaru biyu. Da yake gaskata cewa zai bi sawun mahaifinsa, Salem ya shiga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Paris. Duk da haka, abubuwan da yake so ba su cikin doka ba amma a cikin lissafi da injiniya. Ba da daɗewa ba, Salem ya fara karatun lissafi tare da Hadamar duk yayin da yake ci gaba da karatunsa na doka. A shekara ta 1919, ya sami digiri na shari'a. Daga nan sai ya fara aiki don digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a, amma nan da nan ya yanke shawarar canza hanyar zuwa kimiyya, wanda ya kasance yana karatu shekaru da yawa tare da aikinsa a fannin doka.

Bayan ya sami lasisinsa na kimiyya daga Sorbonne, Salem ya yi aiki don digiri a aikin injiniya. A shekara ta 1921, ya sami digiri na Injiniya na Arts et Manufactures daga École Centrale des Arts et Manufacturas . Bayan kammala karatunsa a fannin shari'a, kimiyya da injiniya, Salem ya shiga banki kuma ya fara aiki ga Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas a 1921. A lokacinsa na kyauta, ya yi aiki a kan jerin Fourier, batun da ya burge shi a duk rayuwarsa.

A cikin bazara na 1939, Salem ya yi aiki tare da matashi ɗan lissafi na Poland Józef Marcinkiewicz, kuma ya ci gaba da rubuta takardun lissafi yayin da yake aiki ga bankin. Tare da mummunan yanayin siyasa a Franco" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="France">Faransa da farkon yakin duniya na biyu a watan Satumbar 1939, an kira Salem don aikin soja. An haɗa shi da Ofishin Deuxième na Janar na Sojojin Faransa. An tura shi Ingila don taimakawa Shugaban KwaMIT Gudanar da Faransa da Birtaniya sannan aka dakatar da shi a watan Yunin 1940. Salem ya bar Ingila a cikin kaka na 1940 kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka inda ya zauna a Massachusetts" id="mwLA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts . A shekara ta 1941, an nada shi a matsayin malami a lissafi a MIT, inda aka inganta shi cikin sauri kuma ya zama mataimakin farfesa. A shekara ta 1958, an nada shi a matsayin Farfesa a Sorbonne kuma ya zauna a Paris har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1963. A shekara ta 1967, Éditions Hermann ta buga littafin Salem's Oeuvres mathématiques, wanda abokan aikinsa Antoni Zygmund da Jean-Pierre Kahane suka shirya. Bayan mutuwar Salem, gwauruwarsa ta kafa Kyautar Salem, kyautar kasa da kasa da aka ba matasa masu bincike don gudummawa ga jerin Fourier.

 Sirrinsa 

Tare da sha'awarsa ga lissafi, Salem kuma yana son kiɗa da kunna violin, ya fi son yin wasa a cikin quartets. Ya kuma sha'awar zane-zane da wallafe-wallafen; yana jin daɗin wasanni, musamman kan kankara da hawa doki.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba