Chris Watson

John Christian Watson (an haife shi Johan Cristian Tanck; 9 ga Afrilu 1867 - 18 ga Nuwamba 1941) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na uku na Australiya daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta 1904. Ya rike mukamin a matsayin shugaban tarayya na farko na Jam'iyyar Labor Party (ALP) daga 1901 zuwa 1907 kuma shine memba na farko na jam'iyyar da ya zama Firayim Minista.

An haifi Watson a Valparaíso, Chile, ɗan ɗan jirgin ruwa na Jamus na Chile. Ya girma a Tsibirin Kudancin New Zealand, ya ɗauki sunan mahaifinsa lokacin da mahaifiyarsa da aka haifa a Ireland ta sake yin aure. Ya bar makaranta tun yana ƙarami, yana aiki a masana'antar bugawa a matsayin mawaki. Watson ya koma Sydney a shekara ta 1886 kuma ya zama sananne a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta gida. Ya taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Labour Electoral League of New South Wales kuma ya jagoranci yakin neman zabe na jam'iyyar a Babban zaben 1891. An zabi Watson a Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales a zaben 1894, yana da shekaru 27, kuma da sauri ya zama jagora a cikin ALP. Shi da yawancin mambobin jam'iyyar sun yi adawa da Tarayyar a kan dalilin da ya sa kundin tsarin mulkin da aka gabatar ba na dimokuradiyya ba ne.

A shekara ta 1901, an zabi Watson a Majalisar Wakilai a zaben tarayya na farko. Ya zama memba na kafa kungiyar ALP a majalisar tarayya kuma an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar. A lokacin wa'adin farko na majalisa ya goyi bayan gwamnatocin Liberal Protectionist na Edmund Barton da Alfred Deakin, kuma ya kasance mai goyon bayan Manufofin White Australia. A Zaben 1903, ALP ta sami daidaitattun iko a cikin House da matsayi mai karfi a Majalisar Dattijai. Watson ta kafa Gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1904, tana da shekaru 37, bayan ALP ta janye goyon bayanta daga Deakin. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan gurguzu na farko da ya jagoranci gwamnati a cikin tsarin majalisa, yana jan hankalin kasa da kasa, kuma ya kasance Firayim Minista mafi ƙanƙanta a Ostiraliya.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
A shekara ta 1868, Watson ya koma New Zealand tare da mahaifiyarsa, ya koma ga iyalinta a Tsibirin Kudancin. Makomar mahaifinsa ba ta da tabbas, saboda ba a sami rubuce-rubuce game da mutuwarsa ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1869, mahaifiyarsa ta auri George Thomas Watson a ofishin rajista a Waipori, ta bayyana kanta a matsayin gwauruwa. Mijinta na biyu dan shekara 30 ne wanda aka haifa a Ballymoney, Ireland, wanda ya zo New Zealand bayan shekaru da yawa yana aiki a Scotland.[1] Watson ya haifi 'yan uwa tara daga auren mahaifiyarsa na biyu, wanda aka haifa tsakanin 1869 da 1887. An bi da shi a matsayin ɗan halitta na George Watson, yana karɓar sunan mahaifiyarsa; sunayensa da aka ba shi ma sun kasance anglicised.[1]

 Yarinta da ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya 
Watson ya halarci makarantar jihar a Oamaru, Arewacin Otago, New Zealand har zuwa shekaru goma lokacin da ya bar ya zama mai cin abinci. Sa'an nan kuma bayan wani lokaci na taimakawa a gonar iyali, yana da shekaru goma sha uku ya zama ɗan koyo a matsayin mawaki a The North Otago Times, wata jarida da sanannen ɗan siyasa mai gyara William Steward ke gudanarwa, tare da fallasa al'amuran jama'a da ke kara ƙaramin makarantarsa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa da kuma asarar aikinsa, ya yi ƙaura zuwa Sydney a 1886 yana da shekaru goma sha tara. Ya yi aiki na wata daya a matsayin ma'aikaci a Gidan Gwamnati, sannan ya sami aiki a matsayin mawaƙi ga jaridu da yawa ciki har da The Daily Telegraph, Sydney Morning Herald da The Australian Star . Ta hanyar wannan kusanci da jaridu, littattafai da marubuta ya ci gaba da karatunsa kuma ya ci gaba le sha'awar siyasa kuma ya zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar bugawa. Ya auri Ada Jane Low, 'yar asalin Burtaniya ce ta Sydney, a Cocin Unitarian a kan titin Liverpool a Sydney a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1889.

 Majalisar mulkin mallaka 
A cikin watanni kafin Zaben mulkin mallaka na New South Wales na 1891, Watson ya kasance memba ne na kafa kungiyar Labour Electoral League of New South Wales wanda ya samo asali ne daga ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Australiya kuma daga baya zai bunkasa zuwa Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya (daga baya Labor). A cikin zaben, Labour ta lashe ma'auni na iko kuma ta ba da amincewa da wadata ga Gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru ta Jam'iyyar Karewa karkashin jagorancin Firayim Minista George Dibbs wanda ya rushe gwamnatin da ta fi rinjaye ta Jam'antar Ciniki ta 'yanci karkashin jagorancin firayim Minista Henry Parkes. Watson ta kasance mai sana'a, kuma ta zama mataimakin shugaban Sydney Trades and Labour Council a watan Janairun 1892. A watan Yunin 1892, ya warware wata takaddama tsakanin Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata tare da Jam'iyyar Labour kuma a sakamakon haka ya zama shugaban majalisa da shugaban jam'iyyar. A cikin 1893 da 1894, ya yi aiki tuƙuru don warware muhawara game da alkawarin hadin kai kuma ya kafa ayyukan asali na Jam'iyyar Labour, gami da ikon mallakar taron jam'iyyar, hadin kai, alkawarin da ake buƙata daga 'yan majalisa da kuma rawar da mai iko na zartarwa na waje. A Zaben mulkin mallaka na 1894 wanda ya ga shan kashi na gwamnatin Jam'iyyar Karewa, an zabi Watson a Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales don kujerar Young.

 Dubi kuma 

 Gwamnatin Watson
 Ma'aikatar Watson
 Jamusanci 'yan Chile

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1867
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba