Sargento Claude Johnson

Sargent Claude Johnson (7 ga Nuwamba, 1888 - 10 ga Oktoba, 1967) yana ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha 'yan Afirka-Amurka na farko da suka yi aiki a California da suka sami suna a ƙasa.  An san shi da salon Abstract Figurative da Early Modern. Ya kasance mai zane, mai tukwane, mai yin yumbu, mai yin bugu, mai zane, mai sassaka, da kuma mai sassaka. Ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da yumbu, yumbu, dutse, itace, terracotta, zane-zanen tayal, ruwan ruwa, mai a kan zane, enamel na porcelain akan ƙarfe, da kuma lithography.  Duk da cewa ya rayu a San Francisco tsawon mafi yawan rayuwarsa ta girma, ana ɗaukar Johnson a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu fasaha na Harlem Renaissance . 

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Sargent Johnson shi ne na uku cikin yara shida, wanda aka haifa wa ubansa ɗan asalin Sweden kuma mahaifiyarsa 'yar asalin Afirka-Amurka da Cherokee . Mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekarar 1897, mahaifiyarsa kuma ta mutu sakamakon tarin fuka a shekarar 1902. Sargent, yana da shekaru 15, tare da 'yan uwansa, sun tafi su zauna tare da kawunsu, Sherman Jackson Williams, da matarsa, May Howard Jackson, a Washington, DC. May ta kasance ƙwararren mai sassaka Baƙar fata-Amurka wanda ya ƙware a fannin zane-zanen hoto tare da jigogi na Negro, kuma babu shakka ta yi tasiri ga Sargent Johnson tun yana ƙarami. Daga baya, an tura samarin iyalin zuwa gidan marayu a Worcester, Massachusetts, sannan 'yan matan suka je makarantar Katolika don 'yan matan Baƙar fata-Amurka da 'yan asalin Amurka a Pennsylvania. Tun suna manya, wasu daga cikin 'yan'uwan Sargent sun zaɓi su gane a matsayin 'yan asalin Amurka ko kuma 'yan asalin Caucasian. An gano Sargent a matsayin Baƙar fata-Amurka.

A shekarar 1915, Sargent Johnson ya ƙaura zuwa yankin San Francisco Bay .  An gudanar da taron baje kolin kasa da kasa na Panama-Pacific, wanda ya yi tasiri mai ban sha'awa ga fasahar California, jim kaɗan bayan isowarsa. A wannan shekarar, Sargent Johnson ya auri Pearl Lawson kuma ya fara karatun zane da zane a Makarantar Fasaha ta AW Best. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, Sargent ya halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta California (yanzu Cibiyar Fasaha ta San Francisco ), inda malamansa suka haɗa da masu sassaka Beniamino Bufano da Ralph Stackpole . 

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