Pat Robertson

Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (Maris 22, 1930 - Yuni 8, 2023) ya kasance babban jami'in watsa labarai na Amurka, mai ba da labari, mai sharhi kan siyasa, dan takarar shugaban kasa, kuma minista mai ban sha'awa. Robertson ya ba da shawarar akidar Kirista mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma an san shi da shiga cikin siyasar Jam'iyyar Republican. An haɗa shi da ƙungiyar Charismatic a cikin Bishara Protestant. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Regent da kuma Cibiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Kirista (CBN).

Ayyukan Robertson sun kai sama da shekaru ashirin, kuma sun kasance wanda ya kafa kungiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da CBN, Jami'ar Regent, Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, International Family Entertainment Inc. (ABC Family Channel / Freeform), Cibiyar Shari'a da Adalci ta Amurka (ACLJ), Cibiyar Masu Kafa Inn da Cibiyar Taron, da Cibiyar Kungiyar Kirista. Robertson ya kuma kasance marubuci mafi kyawun sayarwa kuma mai karɓar bakuncin The 700 Club, shirin Kirista da talabijin da ake watsawa kai tsaye a ranakun mako a kan Freeform (tsohon ABC Family) daga ɗakunan CBN, da kuma tashoshi a duk faɗin Amurka, da kuma a kan hanyoyin sadarwar CBN a duk duniya. Robertson ya yi ritaya daga The 700 Club a watan Oktoba 2021.

Dan Sanata na Amurka A. Willis Robertson, Robertson ya kasance Baftisma na Kudancin kuma yana aiki a matsayin minista mai daraja tare da wannan ƙungiya na shekaru da yawa, amma an gudanar da shi ga tauhidin da ba a saba gani ba tsakanin Baftisma ta Kudancin.[1][2] Ya yi kamfen ba tare da nasara ba don zama dan takarar Jamhuriyar Republican a Zaben shugaban kasa na 1988. [3] A sakamakon neman mukamin siyasa, bai sake yin aiki a matsayin hukuma ga kowane coci ba.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Marion Gordon Robertson a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1930,  a Lexington, Virginia, a cikin wani fitaccen dangin siyasa, ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya maza biyu. Iyayensa sune Absalom Willis Robertson (1887-1971), Sanata mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Democrat, da Gladys Churchill (née Willis; 1897-1968), uwar gida kuma mawaƙa. A lokacin da yake ƙarami, ɗan'uwansa mai shekaru shida, Willis Robertson Jr., ya ba Robertson lakabi da 'Pat', wanda ya ji daɗin shafa shi a kan kumatu lokacin da yake jariri yayin da yake cewa "pat, pat, pat". Daga baya, Robertson ya yi tunanin wane sunan farko zai so mutane su yi amfani da shi. Ya yi la'akari da "Marion" a matsayin mace, kuma "M. Gordon" ya shafi, don haka ya zaɓi sunan laƙabi na yaro "Pat".David John Marley. Pat Robertson: An American Life. 

Lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha ɗaya, Robertson ya shiga Makarantar McDonogh a wajen Baltimore, Maryland. Daga 1940 har zuwa 1946, ya halarci Makarantar McCallie a Chattanooga, Tennessee, inda ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa. Ya sami shiga Jami'ar Washington da Lee, inda ya sami B.A. a Tarihi, ya kammala Magna cum laude. Ya kuma kasance memba na Phi Beta Kappa, babbar ƙungiyar girmama ilimi ta ƙasar. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Robertson ya ce, "Ko da yake na yi aiki tuƙuru a karatun na, ainihin babban karatun na ya shafi kyawawan 'yan mata da suka halarci makarantun' yan mata da ke kusa. "

A shekara ta 1948, an sake dawo da takardar kuma an ba Robertson zaɓi na shiga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka ko kuma a rubutun shi cikin Sojojin Amurka; ya zaɓi tsohon. Robertson ya bayyana aikin soja kamar haka: "Mun yi tafiya mai tsawo, mai wahala don karfafa maza, tare da farfado da horo a cikin bindigogi da yaƙi. " A wannan shekarar, ya koma Koriya, "Na ƙare a hedkwatar kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Farko, "in ji Robertson. "The Division ya kasance a cikin yaƙi a cikin zafi da ƙura, sannan kuma mai sanyi na Koriya ta Arewa kawai sama da 38th Parallel daga baya aka gano shi a matsayin 'Punchbowl' da 'Heartbreak Ridge'. " Don hidimar Robertson a cikin Yaƙin Koriya, an ba shi kyautar Taurari uku na Yakin. 

A shekara ta 1986, tsohon dan majalisa na Jamhuriyar Republican Paul "Pete" McCloskey Jr., wanda ya yi aiki tare da Robertson a Camp Pendleton, ya rubuta wasika ta jama'a yana kalubalantar rikodin Robertson a cikin soja. Robertson ya shigar da kara a kan McCloskey amma ya bar karar a shekarar 1988 don ya ba da "cikakken lokacinsa da kuzari don samun nasarar zaben Jamhuriyar Republican ga shugaban Amurka. "

An kara Robertson zuwa Lieutenant na farko a 1952 bayan ya dawo Amurka. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da samun digiri na shari'a daga Yale Law School a shekarar 1955, kusa da saman aji. Koyaya, ya kasa ƙoƙarinsa na farko kuma kawai a jarrabawar lauya ta New York. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya sami juyowa na addini kuma ya yanke shawarar ƙin neman aiki a kasuwanci. Maimakon haka, Robertson ya halarci The Biblical Seminary a New York, inda ya sami digiri na Master of Divinity a shekarar 1959. Ya sake zama Kirista yayin da yake cin abincin dare a gidan cin abinci a Philadelphia tare da marubuci kuma tsohon soja na yakin duniya na biyu, Cornelius Vanderbreggen . Bayan juyowa, Robertson ya bar duniyar kamfanoni kuma ya shiga hidima.

 Ayyuka 

 Cibiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Kirista 
A shekara ta 1956, Robertson ya sadu da mishan na Dutch Cornelius Vanderbreggen, wanda ya burge Robertson da salon rayuwarsa da saƙonsa. Vanderbreggen ya nakalto Misalai (3:5, 6), "Aminci ga Ubangiji tare da dukan zuciyarka; kuma kada ku jingina ga fahimtarka. A duk hanyoyinka ku yarda da shi, kuma Zai jagorantar hanyoyinka", wanda Robertson ya dauka a matsayin "ka'idar jagora" na rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1961, an naɗa shi a matsayin ministan Southern Baptist ta Freemason Street Baptist Church a Norfolk, Virginia . 

A cikin 1960, Robertson ya kafa Cibiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Kirista a Virginia Beach, Virginia, ta hanyar sayen lasisi na tashar UHF da ke kusa da Portsmouth. Tashar, tare da alamar kira WYAH-TV, an fara watsawa a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1961. Cibiyar sadarwa ta zama sananne don samar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na dogon lokaci The 700 Club, wanda ya fara a 1966, wanda Robertson ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na dogon lokaci. A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1977, CBN ta kaddamar da cibiyar sadarwar kebul ta addini, CBN Satellite Service, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama The Family Channel. Ita ce tashar Talabijin na tauraron dan adam ta farko a Amurka don haɗi zuwa tsarin kebul a duk faɗin ƙasar. Kasuwancin ya zama mai fa'ida sosai, don haka Robertson ya rabu da The Family Channel a matsayin kamfani na kasuwanci wanda aka sayar wa Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai don dala biliyan 1.9 a shekarar 1997.

A shekara ta 1994, ya amince da takardar "Bishara da Katolika Tare". Robertson ya sanar da ritayar sa yana da shekaru 91 daga The 700 Club a watan Oktoba 2021, a ranar cika shekaru sittin da aka fara watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1961, na abin da ya zama CBN.

 Jami'ar Regent 
Robertson ya kafa Jami'ar CBN, jami'ar Kirista mai zaman kanta, a cikin 1977 a harabar CBN ta Virginia Beach. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, jami'ar ta kafa makarantun ilimi guda takwas kuma tana ba da digiri na tarayya, digiri na farko, digiri na biyu, da digiri na biyu a cikin fannoni sama da 150. An sake masa suna Jami'ar Regent a shekarar 1990. A cewar kundin makarantar, "mai mulki shine wanda ke wakiltar Kristi, Mai mulkinmu, a duk wani bangare na rayuwa da za a iya kiransa ya yi masa hidima".

Tare da dalibai sama da 11,000 na yanzu, Jami'ar Regent ta sanya # 1 Mafi Kyawun Shirin Bachelor na kan layi a Virginia na shekaru goma a jere ta US News & World Report 2022, da kuma 2023 Mafi Kyawun Makarantun Digiri-Dokar, Mafi Kyawun Makarantu - Kimiyya da Humanities Doctoral Programs - Psychology, 2023 Mafi Kyawu Makarantun Digirii - Harkokin Jama'a, da 2023 Mafi Kyau Makarantun Ilimi ta Amurka News & World Rahoton. Robertson ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba da Shugaba.

Robertson ya kuma kasance wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Cibiyar Shari'a da Adalci ta Amurka, wani kamfani na lauya na jama'a wanda ke da hedikwata a Washington, DC, wanda ke da alaƙa da Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Regent a Virginia Beach, Virginia, wanda ke kare 'yancin tsarin mulki da ra'ayin Kirista mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Masu sukar sun bayyana Robertson a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga mulkin mallaka.

Kungiyar Operation Blessing ta Robertson ta aika da ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya zuwa ƙasashe masu tasowa don taimakawa mutanen da ba su da damar samun kulawa ta likita. A cikin 1994, bayan Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda, Robertson ya nemi gudummawa don samar da kayan kiwon lafiya ga 'yan gudun hijira a makwabciyar Zaire (Congo ta yau), inda Robertson kuma ke da ayyukan hakar lu'u-lu'u. A cewar wata kasida ta 1999 a cikin The Virginian-Pilot, matukan jirgi biyu na Operation Blessing waɗanda aka yi musu tambayoyi sun yi zargin cewa an yi amfani da jiragen saman kungiyar don ɗaukar kayan aikin hakar lu'u-lu'u zuwa ma'adinan Robertson a Zaire. Robertson ya musanta asusun matukan jirgin sama.
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Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930
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