Harry Belafonte

Harry Belafonte OM (LP:IPA/English" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌbɛləˈfɒnti/ BEL-ə-FON-tee; an haife shi Harold George Bellanfanti Jr.; Maris 1, 1927 - Afrilu 25, 2023) ya kasance mawaƙi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama wanda ya shahara da kiɗa na Calypso tare da masu sauraro na duniya a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960. Kundin nasarar da Belafonte ya yi a Calypso (1956) shi ne LP na farko da aka sayar da miliyan daya ta hanyar mai zane guda ɗaya.

Belafonte an fi saninsa da rikodin "Day-O (The Banana Boat Song) ", "Jump in the Line (Shake, Senora) ", "Jamaica Farewell", da kuma "Mary's Boy Child". Ya yi rikodin kuma ya yi a cikin nau'o'i da yawa, gami da blues, mutane, bishara, waƙoƙin nunawa, da Ka'idodin Amurka. Ya kuma fito a fina-finai kamar Carmen Jones (1954), Island in the Sun (1957), Odds Against Tomorrow (1959), Buck and the Preacher (1972), da Uptown Saturday Night (1974). Ya yi fim dinsa na karshe a cikin Spike Lee's BlacKkKlansman (2018).

Harry Belafonte ya dauki dan wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙi, kuma mai fafutuka Paul Robeson a matsayin mai ba da shawara. Belafonte ya kasance babban aboki na Martin Luther King Jr. a lokacin Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama na shekarun 1950 da 1960 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan shahararren kungiyar 'yanci ta Amurka don batutuwan shari'a ga yara.[1] Ya kuma kasance mai sukar murya game da manufofin George W. Bush da gwamnatocin Donald Trump na farko.

Belafonte ya lashe Grammy Awards uku, ciki har da Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, Primetime Emmy Award,  da Tony Award. A shekara ta 1989, ya sami lambar yabo ta Kennedy Center. An ba shi lambar yabo ta kasa a shekarar 1994. A shekara ta 2014, ya sami lambar yabo ta Jean Hersholt Humanitarian a lambar yabo ta 6th Annual Governors Awards  kuma a shekara ta 2022 an shigar da shi cikin Rock da Roll Hall of Fame a cikin rukunin Early Influence .  Yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kalilan da suka sami Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, da Tony (EGOT), kodayake ya lashe Oscar a cikin rukunin da ba na gasa ba.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Belafonte was born Harold George Bellanfanti Jr. on March 1, 1927, at Lying-in Hospital in Harlem, New York City, the son of Jamaican-born parents Harold George Bellanfanti Sr. (1900–1990), who worked as a chef, and Melvine Love (1906–1988), a housekeeper. There are disputed claims of his father's place of birth, which is also stated as Martinique. Belafonte had also a younger brother named Dennis. 

Mahaifiyarsa 'yar asalin Scotland ce kuma mahaifin Afro-Jamaican ne, kuma mahaifinsa 'yar asalin Afirka ne kuma mahaifin Dutch-Yahudawa ne na zuriyar Yahudawa. Belafonte ta girma a matsayin Katolika kuma ta halarci makarantar parochial a St. Charles Borromeo . 

Daga 1932 zuwa 1940, Belafonte ya zauna tare da ɗaya daga cikin kakanninsa a ƙasarsu ta Jamaica, inda ya halarci Makarantun Wolmer. Bayan ya dawo Birnin New York, ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda bai yi nasara ba a Makarantar Sakandare ta George Washington .  Daga baya aka ruwaito cewa dyslexia da makanta a ido daya sun ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin ilimi. Bayan ya bar makarantar sakandare, ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A cikin shekarun 1940, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai tsabta, a lokacin da wani mai haya ya ba shi, a matsayin kyauta, tikiti biyu don ganin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Negro na Amurka. Ya fada cikin soyayya da fasahar fasaha kuma ya yi abota da Sidney Poitier, wanda shi ma yana fama da kudi. Sun sayi wurin zama guda ɗaya a kai a kai ga wasannin gida, wuraren ciniki a tsakanin ayyukan, bayan sun sanar da ɗayan game da ci gaban wasan.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Belafonte ya ɗauki darussan wasan kwaikwayo a Dramatic Workshop of The New School a Birnin New York tare da darektan Jamus Erwin Piscator tare da Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Walter Matthau, Bea Arthur, da Poitier, yayin da yake aiki tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Negro na Amurka.  Daga baya ya sami lambar yabo ta Tony saboda shiga cikin Broadway revue John Murray Anderson's Almanac (1954).  Ya kuma fito a cikin 1955 Broadway revue 3 for Tonight with Gower Champion . 

 Ayyukan kiɗa 

 Shekaru na farko (1949-1955) 

 Ya zama sananne (1956-1958) 
Following his success in the film Carmen Jones (1954), Belafonte had his breakthrough album with Calypso (1956), which became the first LP in the world to sell more than one million copies in a year. He stated that it was the first million-selling album ever in England.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span>] The album is number four on Billboards "Top 100 Album" list for having spent 31 weeks at number 1, 58 weeks in the top ten, and 99 weeks on the U.S. chart. The album introduced American audiences to calypso music, which had originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the early 19th century, and Belafonte was dubbed the "King of Calypso", a title he wore with reservations since he had no claims to any Calypso Monarch titles.
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