John McEwen

Sir John McEwen (29 Maris 1900 - 20 Nuwamba 1980) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne kuma manomi wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 18 na Ostiraliya daga 1967 zuwa 1968, a matsayin mai kulawa bayan bacewar Firayim Minista Harold Holt . Ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar Country Party daga 1958 zuwa 1971, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista na Australia daga 1968 zuwa 1971.

An haifi McEwen a Chiltern, Victoria . Ya zama maraya yana da shekaru bakwai kuma kakarsa ce ta tashe shi, da farko a Wangaratta sannan a Dandenong. McEwen ya bar makaranta lokacin da yake dan shekara 13 kuma ya shiga Sojojin Australiya yana da shekaru 18, amma yaƙin ya ƙare kafin a fitar da rukunin sa. Duk da haka ya cancanci tsarin sulhu na soja, kuma ya zaɓi dukiya a Stanhope. Ya kafa gonar madara, amma daga baya ya sayi dukiya mafi girma kuma ya noma shanu.

Bayan da aka samu nasarar tsayawa takara da yawa a baya, an zabi McEwen a Majalisar Wakilai a Zaben tarayya na 1934. Joseph Lyons ne ya fara ɗaukaka shi zuwa majalisa a 1937. McEwen ya zama mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Country Party a 1943, a karkashin Arthur Fadden . Ya maye gurbin Fadden a matsayin jagora a shekara ta 1958, kuma ya kasance a cikin mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya daga siyasa a shekara ta 1971. Ya yi aiki a majalisa na tsawon shekaru 36, ya shafe shekaru 25 a matsayin ministan gwamnati.

 Rayuwa ta farko 

 Haihuwar haihuwa da asalin iyali 
An haifi McEwen a ranar 29 ga Maris 1900, a gidan iyayensa a Chiltern, Victoria . Shi ɗan Amy Ellen ne (née Porter) da David James McEwen . An haifi mahaifiyarsa a Victoria, kuma tana da asalin Ingilishi da Irish. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga asalin Ulster Scots, an haife shi a Mountnorris, County Armagh (a halin yanzu Arewacin Ireland).  Ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan sunadarai, kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Chiltern Shire .  Sunan mahaifiyar da farko an rubuta shi "MacEwen", amma an canza shi bayan isowar David McEwen a Ostiraliya a shekara ta 1889.

 Yarinta 
A cikin tarihinsa, McEwen ya ba da labarin cewa ba shi da kusan tunanin iyayensa.[1] Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu daga cutar huhu a watan Maris na shekara ta 1902, kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta biyu; ta haifi 'yar, Amy, 'yan watanni da suka gabata. Ita ce ta biyu daga cikin matan mahaifinsa guda uku, kuma McEwen tana da 'yan uwa uku - Gladys, Evelyn, da George.[1] Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsu, McEwen da 'yar'uwarsa sun girma ne daga mahaifinsu, suna zaune a cikin ɗakunan da ke bayan shagon likitansa. Ya mutu daga meningitis a watan Satumbar 1907, lokacin da dansa ke da shekaru bakwai. An aika John da Amy su zauna tare da kakansu gwauruwa, Nellie Porter (née Cook), yayin da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansu ya tafi ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Melbourne . [1] Ba su taɓa zama tare da 'yan uwan su ba, waɗanda aka aika su zama a gidan yara bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsu a shekara ta 1893.[1]

 Soja mai zama 
Tare da yakin duniya na ci gaba, McEwen ya yanke shawarar shiga soja lokacin da ya cika shekaru 18. Ya shiga rundunar Sojojin Australiya kuma ya kammala karatun Royal Australian Navy a cikin radiotelegraphy, yana fatan ya cancanci sabon Kwalejin Sojan Royal, Duntroon .  Ya wuce jarrabawar shiga, amma a maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya shiga matsayin mai zaman kansa a cikin Sojojin Daular Australiya, don a tura shi kasashen waje da wuri. Yaƙin ya ƙare kafin ƙungiyarsa ta fita. Duk da takaice na hidimarsa, McEwen ya cancanci shirin sulhu na soja na gwamnatin Victoria. Ya zaɓi yanki mai girman kadada 86 (35  a Stanhope, a ƙasar da a baya ta kasance Tashar tumaki. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran sojoji da yawa, McEwen da farko ba shi da kudi ko ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don gudanar da gona. Ya shafe watanni da yawa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gona kuma daga baya ya yi haka a matsayin mai kula da kayan aiki a Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Melbourne, daga ƙarshe ya adana isasshen kuɗi don komawa Stanhope kuma ya kafa gonar madara.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba