Nikos Kapetanidis

Nikos Kapetanidis (Pontic: Νίκος Καπετανίδης, 1889–1921, aged 32) was a Pontian Greek journalist and newspaper publisher from Rizunda. He was hanged by Turkish nationalists serving under Mustafa Kemal during the Amasya trials.

 Rayuwa da aiki 
An haifi Kapetanidis a Rize, wani birni a Yankin Pontus na Daular Ottoman (Turkiyya ta zamani). Ya halarci Phrontisterion na Trapezous, makarantar tsakiya ta Girka a Trebizond . Ya fara sukar tsarin ilimi yayin da yake karatu a Phronsisterion na Trapezous . Kapetanidis ya yi takaici da rashin ƙwararrun malamai. A ra'ayinsa, yawancin malamai na zamani ba su karfafa tunani mai mahimmanci ko mai kirkira ba.

Yawancin ra'ayoyin Kapetanidis game da ilimi sun rinjayi imaninsa na kasa. A ƙarshen 1800s da farkon 1900s, kishin ƙasa na Helenanci yana tasowa. Helenawa na Turai sune manyan masu ba da shawara ga Ma'anar Megali ("Babban Ma'anar"), wanda ya karfafa sake fasalin Jihar Byzantine a Girka da Anatolia. Don inganta kishin kasa da girman kai a waje da Turai, Masarautar Girka ta kafa ofisoshin jakadancin Girka a Daular Ottoman. Ya kuma aika da malamai na Girka zuwa al'ummomi a Anatolia. Wannan ƙoƙari ya karfafa kishin ƙasa tsakanin wasu Helenawa na Anatolian, musamman waɗanda ke cikin manyan ɗalibai masu ilimi.

Ga waɗancan Paparoma waɗanda suka rungumi ethnonationalism, asalin su na Turai ya maye gurbin tsohuwar ganewar kansu a matsayin Kiristoci na Ottoman. Photiadis da Iliadou-Tachou suna jayayya cewa haɓakar kishin ƙasa na Turkiyya a farkon shekarun 1900 ya haifar da kishin ƙasa na Girka da populism a cikin Daular Ottoman. Kapetanidis na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Pontians waɗanda suka goyi bayan waɗannan ra'ayoyin' yan kasa.

An dauki harshe a matsayin muhimmiyar karfi don hada kan Helenawa na Turai da mutanen Gabashin Girka. Ba kamar wasu daga cikin tsaransa ba, Kapetanidis yana son Girkanci ya zama harshen koyarwa na makarantun Pontian. A cikin tunaninsa, wannan zai sa ilimi ya fi dacewa ga matsakaicin mutum.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida da membobin jaridar Girka. Kapetanidis ya buga nasa jarida, , a zahiri "Seasons".  An buga shi sau hudu a mako a Trebizond tsakanin 1918 da 1921. Yana daya daga cikin jaridu na Girka mafi tasiri a Trebizond. Sauran jaridu na Pontic na zamani sune  a Trebizond da  a Batumi . 

Ya yi magana game da batutuwan ilimi ta hanyar jaridarsa, yana tallafawa amfani da Girkanci na gari a makarantun yankin. Bugu da ƙari, ya nace cewa bai kamata hukumomin addini su sarrafa ilimi ba, musamman Ikilisiyar Ikklisiya ta Constantinople. Kapetanidis ya yi imanin cewa malamai ya kamata su horar da dalibai a matsayin masu tunani na kasa. A cikin tunaninsa, ilimin addini bai da mahimmanci fiye da ilimin kasa.[1] Kapetanidis ya kuma bayyana cewa malamai ya kamata su sami albashi mai yawa. A lokacin, yawancin malaman Girkanci na Pontic sun bar sana'ar saboda karancin albashi. Shekara guda kafin mutuwarsa, ya rubuta a cikin Epochi, "Domin darajarmu a matsayin Romawa...[lower-alpha 1] dole ne kada ku yi tunanin cewa koyar da mu yana nufin bara. "[2]

 Mutuwa 
, a cewar masanin Maria Vergeti, ita ce babbar jaridar Helenanci a Trebizond. Kapetanidis ya kasance fitaccen mutum a cikin al'ummar Girka ta Trebizond .  Wasu wasu Helenawa masu tasiri na Anatolian, kamar Chrysanthos, Bishop na zamani na Trebizond, sun karfafa Ottomanism: zaman lafiya tsakanin Turks da 'yan tsiraru. Ba kamar Chrysanthos ba, Kapetanidis ya yi amfani da matsayinsa don ba da shawara kan manufofi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasa, kamar jihar Pontic mai zaman kanta da kuma haɗuwa da Pontos tare da Girka.

A cikin 1921, gwamnatin Turkiyya ta gudanar da gwajin Amasya . A cewar Vergeti, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen "sun yanke hukuncin kisa ga jagorancin ruhaniya da siyasa na Helenawa na Pontic".  Kapetanidis, wani mutum mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa. Koyaya, haka ma maza kamar Matthaios Kofidis, ɗan siyasa da ya shahara tsakanin Musulmai da Kiristoci. Masanin tarihi Tessa Hofmann ya kira waɗannan gwaje-gwajen "ƙarewar Helenawa na Anatolian a ƙarƙashin hujja ta doka".

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