Onkelos

Onkelos (Ibraniyawa:  ʾunqəlōs), mai yiwuwa daidai da Aquila na Sinope, ɗan Ƙasar Romawa ne wanda ya tuba zuwa addinin Yahudanci a zamanin Tannaic ( 35-120 AZ). An dauke shi marubucin Targum Onkelos ( 110 AZ).  

 A cikin Talmud 

An ambaci Onkelos sau da yawa a cikin Talmud . A cewar al'adun gargajiya na Yahudawa, ya kasance sanannen dan Roman, ɗan wani mutum mai suna Callinicus (Ibraniyawa: Qəlūnīqūs ko קַלִינִיקּס Qalīnīqūs) kuma ɗan'uwan Titus, sarkin Roma. A cewar midrash Tanhuma, shi dan uwan Hadrian ne, ba Titus ba.[1] An yi tambaya game da waɗannan da'awar, kamar yadda 'yar'uwar Hadrian, 'yar'uwansa kaɗai, tana da 'yar, kuma ɗayan da aka sani na kowane ɗayan' yan uwan Titus da ya tsira har zuwa balaga ita ma yarinya ce, daga baya aka sani da Saint Flavia Domitilla.[2][3]

Juyowa na Onkelos shine batun labarin inda ya fara tuntuɓar ruhohin maƙiya uku da suka mutu na Isra'ila don ganin yadda Isra'ila ta kasance a duniya mai zuwa. Na farko shi ne kawunsa Titus, wanda aka zarge shi da lalata Haikali na Biyu; na biyu shi ne mai gani Ba'alamu, wanda Balak sarkin Mowab ya hayar don la'anta Isra'ila; kuma na ƙarshe shi ne Yeshu, sunan da aka yi amfani da shi ga waɗanda suka nemi ya ɓace Yahudawa zuwa bautar gumaka, musamman tsohon ɗalibin Joshua ben Perachiah mai bautar gumaki a zamanin Hasmonean da kuma Manase na Yahuza.  (A rubuce-rubucen da suka biyo baya ana amfani da Yeshu ga Yesu, amma ra'ayoyi sun bambanta game da ko za'a iya fahimtar ta wannan hanyar a cikin Talmud.) An ce Onkelos ya ga dukansu suna fuskantar wulakanci don cutar da Isra'ila. Koyaya, yayin da Titus da Bala'am suka hana shi juyawa, Yeshu ya ƙarfafa shi ya shiga cikin mutanen Yahudawa (yana sa Talmud yabon "masu zunubi na Isra'ila"). Talmud na Urushalima na farko  ya ba da batun waɗannan labarun a matsayin Aquila mai tuba, sau da yawa ana fahimta a matsayin wani mutum banda Onkelos. Matsalar wannan ka'idar, duk da haka, ita ce Talmud na Urushalima ya ce a bayyane cewa shi (Aquilas mai tuba) ya fassara Attaura a ƙarƙashin Eliezer ben Hurcanus da Joshua ben Hananiah. Talmud na Babila  ya sake maimaita wannan al'adar baki, amma a wannan lokacin yana kiransa da sunan Onkelos mai tuba, wanda ke haifar da mutum ya kammala cewa sunan ya bambanta da Aquila, wanda aka yi amfani da shi cikin kuskure ga Aramaic maimakon fassarar Helenanci. Epiphanius na Salamis ne ya goyi bayan wannan ra'ayi (karni na 4). 

Labari mai zuwa game da juyowa na Aquila ya bayyana a cikin Midrash Rabbah:

 Targum na Onkelos 
Bisa ga al'ada, Onkelos ya rubuta Targum_Onkelos" id="mwbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Targum Onkelos">Targum Onkelos a matsayin bayani game da fassarar "hukunci" na peshat (ko ma'anar asali) na Attaura kamar yadda rabbi Eliezer ben Hurcanus da Joshua ben Hananiah suka karɓa. Wannan ya taimaka wajen tsarkake matsayin Onkelos da Targum a cikin al'adar Yahudawa.

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