Symeon I na Constantinople

Symeon I na Constantinople (Girkanci; ya mutu a cikin kaka na 1486) ya kasance Babban Ikilisiya na Constantinople sau uku: na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 1466,  daga 1471 zuwa 1475 kuma daga 1482 zuwa 1486. A shekara ta 1484 ya jagoranci majalisa ta Constantinople ta 1484 wacce ta ki amincewa da Majalisar Florence.

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Symeon tsakanin 1400 da 1420 ga wani dangi mai daraja na Daular Trebizond .  Bayan faduwar Trebizond ga Ottomans a cikin 1461, Mehmed II ya tilasta wa dukkan manyan mutanen tsohuwar daular su koma Constantinople kuma Symeon ma, wanda ya riga ya zama ɗan majami'a, ya tafi babban birnin. Manyan mutanen Trapezuntine sun kafa wata ƙungiya ta daban tsakanin Helenawa na babban birnin, wanda mai yiwuwa masanin kimiyya da ɗan siyasa George Amiroutzes ya jagoranta. Wannan bangare ya goyi bayan Symeon a matsayin dan takarar kansa don kursiyin ubanni  a kan bangaren da ke karkashin jagorancin manyan sarakuna kamar Babban Chartophylax George Galesiotes da Babban Ikklisiya (watau Shugaban Sacristan) Manuel, shugaban gaba Maximus III na Constantinople. 

A cikin kaka na 1466 Symeon ya sami nasarar samun kursiyin bayan ya gabatar da gwamnatin Ottoman da zinariya 2,000, don haka ya fara aikin Simoniac wanda ya nuna tarihin Patriarchate na Constantinople na ƙarni masu zuwa. [1] A nan wani sabon dan wasa ya shiga cikin jayayya da kursiyin ubanni, Mara Branković, 'yar Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković kuma ɗaya daga cikin surukai na Mehmed II. Kodayake Mara ta kasance Kirista ce ta dindindin, ta kasance mai tasiri sosai tare da Mehmed II.[1] Mara ta yi fushi da aikin simoniac na Symeon I, kuma ta tafi Constantinople don gunaguni ga Mehmed II. A mayar da martani ga buƙatun da ta yi, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar na zinariya 2,000, Sultan ya tsige Symeon I kuma ya nada dan takarar Mara, Dionysius I na Constantinople zuwa Patriarchate.[1] Symeon na yi ritaya na wasu shekaru a wani gidan ibada kusa da Stenimachos.

Sarautar Dionysius I ta kasance alama ce ta adawa da shi ta sauran bangarorin biyu, gami da Symeon I. Daga karshe an tsige shi a ƙarshen shekara ta 1471 bayan zarge-zargen ƙarya cewa ya tuba zuwa addinin Islama kuma an yi masa kaciya. Bayan haka Symeon na biya karin zinariya 2000 kuma an yi wa Sultan alkawarin murkushe kayayyaki don tayar da kayar baya ga Ottoman a Trebizond, don haka ya zama Patriarch. A zahiri, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1472 an yi yunkurin da aka yi na kama birnin karkashin jagorancin Caterino Zeni da Alexios Komnenos (ɗan ɗan David na Trebizond), wanda Uzun Hassan ya goyi bayan. Symeon I ya goyi bayan Sultan Ottoman kuma a watan Yunin 1472 ya kori Metropolitan na Trebizond Pankratios, wanda ke da hannu a cikin tawaye, kuma ya maye gurbinsa da wani bishop, Dorotheos, tsohon Metropolitan na Athens, wanda ya fi dacewa da Ottomans. Sarautar ta biyu ta Symeon I ta kasance alama ce ta karuwar bashin har zuwa 7000 florin, kuma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1474, Majalisar Dattijai Mai Tsarki ta yarda ta biya kuɗin shekara-shekara na 2000 florins ga Gwamnatin Ottoman. Sakamakon haka, a cikin hunturu na 1474, an tilasta wa Symeon na fara neman kuɗi. A lokacin da ya dawo Constantinople a farkon shekara ta 1475, Raphael I na Constantinople ya fi Symeon I, mai yiwuwa Mara Branković ya goyi bayan. Raphael na kasa biyan adadin da ya yi alkawari bayan shekara guda kuma Maximus III na Constantinople, shugaban ƙungiyar manyan mutanen Constantinopolitan ya hambarar da shi.

Maximus III ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1482 kuma Symeon I ya koma kan kursiyin a karo na uku har zuwa kaka na 1486, lokacin da Nephon II na Constantinople ya gaje shi. Symeon na mutu jim kadan bayan haka, tabbas kafin 1488, ba tare da yin nufinsa ba, kuma an yi gwagwarmaya sosai game da gadonsa bayan mutuwarsa. Ayyukan da suka fi ban mamaki a mulkinsa na uku kuma na ƙarshe shine Synod na Constantinople na 1484.

 Manazarta 

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