Takardar shaidar Ayyukan Makamashi (United Kingdom)

Takaddun shaida na aikin makamashi (EPCs) tsarin kimantawa ne don taƙaita ingancin makamashi na gine-gine.   Ana ba wa ginin maki tsakanin A (Mai inganci sosai) - G (Mai rashin inganci). EPC zai kuma haɗa da shawarwari game da hanyoyin da suka fi inganci don inganta ƙimar makamashi na gida. Ana amfani da takaddun shaida na aikin makamashi a ƙasashe da yawa.

 Tarihin dokoki 
Ana gudanar da EPCs kuma ana tsara su daban-daban a (a) Ingila da Wales, (b) Scotland da (c) Arewacin Ireland.

An gabatar da EPCs a Ingila da Wales a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2007 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Fakitin Bayanin Gida (HIPs) don kadarorin gida masu ɗakunan kwana huɗu ko fiye. Bayan lokaci, an faɗaɗa wannan buƙatar zuwa ƙananan gidaje. Certificates and inspections, ec.europa.eu Lokacin da aka cire buƙatar HIPs a watan Mayu, 2010, buƙatar EPCs ta ci gaba. Gidajen haya, waɗanda ke da takardar shaidar da ta dace na tsawon shekaru 10, sun zama dole a kan sabon hayar da za a fara a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2008 ko bayan haka. 

Tushen doka don EPCs a Burtaniya shine Umarnin Tarayyar Turai 2010/31/EU  kamar yadda aka canza zuwa dokar Burtaniya ta hanyar:

 Dokokin Aikin Makamashi na Gine-gine (Ingila da Wales) na 2012 (SI 2012/3318) (kamar yadda aka gyara), dangane da Ingila da Wales,
 Dokokin Aikin Makamashi na Gine-gine (Scotland) na 2008 (SSI 2008/309) (kamar yadda aka gyara), dangane da Scotland,
 Dokokin Aikin Makamashi na Gine-gine (Takaddun Shaida da Dubawa) (Arewacin Ireland) 2008 (SI 2008/170) (kamar yadda aka gyara), dangane da Arewacin Ireland.

 Tsarin aiki 
Ana yin kimantawar makamashin da ake buƙata don samar da EPC ta hanyar ƙwararren mai tantance makamashi wanda ya ziyarci gidan, yana duba muhimman abubuwa kamar bangon rami, rufin bene da rufin sama, tukunyar ruwa ta gida, tankin ruwan zafi, radiators, tagogi masu sarrafa dumama don gilashin gilashi biyu, da sauransu. Sannan suna shigar da abubuwan lura a cikin shirin software wanda ke yin lissafin ingancin makamashi . Shirin yana ba da lamba ɗaya don kimanta ingancin makamashi, da ƙimar da aka ba da shawarar don haɓakawa. Akwai adadi iri ɗaya don tasirin muhalli . Hakanan an gabatar da teburin ƙididdigar kuɗin makamashi na shekara-shekara (da yuwuwar haɓakawa), amma ba tare da wani nuni ga kuɗin mai gida ba. Mai gida zai biya kuɗin binciken, wanda ke kashe kusan £75 - £100 don gidan mai ɗakuna huɗu. Aikin ba shi da haɗari gaba ɗaya, don haka software ɗin zai yi zato game da kaddarorin rufin abubuwa daban-daban na gidan bisa ga shekaru da nau'in gini. Mai tantancewa yana da ikon wuce gona da iri idan an bayar da shaidar gani ko rubuce-rubuce don tallafawa kasancewar rufin da aka iya sanyawa daga baya.

 EPCs na cikin gida 
Lissafin ƙimar makamashi akan EPC ya dogara ne akan Tsarin Kimantawa na Daidaitacce (SAP). Ana tantance gidaje na yanzu ta amfani da SAP Mai Rage Bayanai (RdSAP), sigar da aka sauƙaƙe ta hanyar hanyar SAP wacce ke buƙatar ƙarancin shigarwar bayanai. SAP da RdSAP an samo su ne daga Tsarin Makamashin Gida na Burtaniya (BREDEM), wanda aka ƙirƙira shi a farkon shekarun 1980 kuma yana ƙarƙashin Matsayin NHER . Ana samar da EPCs ta hanyar masu tantance makamashi na cikin gida waɗanda aka yi rijista a ƙarƙashin tsarin takaddun shaida da aka amince da shi. Campbell Morris DEA epcni.co.uk ne ya samar da EPCs na farko da na biyu a Arewacin Ireland, don Ma'aikatar Kuɗi da Ma'aikata (a lokacin).

 Cikakkun bayanai game da kadarorin 
Takardar shaidar ta ƙunshi waɗannan bayanan kadarorin: 

 adireshin kadarori
 nau'in kadarori (misali gidan da aka keɓe)
 ranar dubawa
 ranar takardar shaida da lambar serial
 jimlar faɗin bene.

Jimillar faɗin bene shine yankin da ke cikin bangon waje na gidan. Wannan adadi ya haɗa da bangon ciki, matakala da makamantansu, amma ban da gareji, baranda, wuraren da ba su kai  manyan baranda da duk wani wuri makamancin haka wanda ba ɓangare na cikin gidan ba ne. Certificates and inspections, ec.europa.eu

 Sikelin A zuwa G 
Takaddun shaida na aikin makamashi suna nuna ingancin makamashi na gidaje akan sikelin A zuwa G. Gidaje mafi inganci – waɗanda ya kamata su sami mafi ƙarancin kuɗin mai – suna cikin rukunin A. Takaddun shaida yana amfani da ma'auni ɗaya don fayyace tasirin da gida ke da shi ga muhalli. Gidaje masu inganci ya kamata su sami ƙarancin tasiri ta hanyar fitar da hayakin carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) . Matsakaicin kadarorin da ke Burtaniya yana cikin rukunin D. Certificates and inspections, ec.europa.eu

 Ma'aunin RHI na gida 
EPC zai ƙara zama mai mahimmanci daga watan Afrilun 2014 lokacin da aka sami damar samar da Rage Yawan Zafi na Cikin Gida (RHI). Ana iya samun adadin da ake tsammanin za a yi amfani da shi a kowace shekara a gidan gida daga EPC kuma wannan zai ƙayyade adadin RHI na Cikin Gida wanda za a biya akan shigar da zaɓuɓɓukan zafi masu sabuntawa kamar famfunan zafi na ƙasa da masu tattara zafi na hasken rana.

 Shawarwarin EPC 
Takardar shaidar ta ƙunshi shawarwari kan hanyoyin inganta ingancin makamashi na gida don adana kuɗi. "Example of an Energy Performance Certificate" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 September 2013. Daidaiton shawarwarin zai dogara ne akan ƙa'idodin dubawa da mai duba ya yi amfani da su, wanda zai iya zama daban-daban. Hukumomin tantancewa, waɗanda ƙila su zama Masu Duba Gida (HIs) ko Masu Binciken Makamashi na Cikin Gida (DEAs), ana duba su ta hanyar hukumomin amincewa don kiyaye ƙa'idodi. Shawarwarin suna bayyana gabaɗaya a cikin sauti, amma a zahiri an keɓance su ne ga kadarorin da ake magana a kai. An ƙirƙiri dabarar da shirin RDSAP ke bayarwa ta hanyar shawarwarinsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin ƙirƙirar hanyar RDSAP, wanda ya faru a farkon shekarun ƙarni na 21. Certificates and inspections, ec.europa.eu Umarnin EU ya buƙaci shawarwarin EPC su kasance masu inganci a cikin farashi wajen inganta ingancin makamashi na gida, amma ban da gabatar da zaɓuɓɓuka mafi inganci a cikin farashi, an kuma gabatar da zaɓuɓɓuka masu tsada waɗanda ba su da inganci a cikin farashi. Don bambanta su da matakan da suka fi inganci a cikin farashi, an nuna waɗannan a cikin wani sashe da aka bayyana a matsayin 'ƙarin matakai'. Domin an tsara EPC ne don a samar da shi a lokacin canjin zama, dole ne ya zama mai dacewa da kowane mai zama kuma saboda haka ba dole ba ne ya yi watsi da takamaiman fifikon mai zama na yanzu.

 Suka 
A matsayin tsarin kimantawa, an san EPCs suna da matsalolin aminci. Ana gano cewa EPCs waɗanda ba na cikin gida ba suna da tasirin koma-baya inda kadarorin da ba su da ƙima za su fi samun ƙima mafi girma a cikin sabuntawa, yayin da waɗanda aka ƙima za su sami ƙarancin ƙima. Wannan kai tsaye yana jefa shakku kan manufofin EPC kamar Ma'aunin Ingantaccen Makamashi. Certificates and inspections, ec.europa.eu
EPCs sun sami wasu ce-ce-ku-ce na siyasa, wanda wani ɓangare yana nuna matsalar kasuwar gidaje a Burtaniya .

Mutane da yawa a masana'antar gidaje, kamar Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, sun soki gabatar da EPCs, saboda rashin inganci.   Duk da cewa suna da mahimmanci, RICS har yanzu tana ba da darussa kan kimanta makamashi na cikin gida, da kuma littattafan koyarwa na kwararrun masu tantance makamashi na cikin gida.

Sau da yawa ana ƙara yin ƙin yarda game da ingancin duba da aka yi don samar da takardar shaidar. Ba zai iya zama mai cin zarafi ba, don haka mai duba ba zai iya haƙa bango ko rufi don tantance yanayin ko ma wanzuwar wani rufin kariya ba. Mai tantance makamashi zai iya ɗaukar mafi munin ('kamar yadda aka gina' bisa ga Dokokin Gine-gine don shekarun gidan) ko kuma ya dogara ga mai gida don samar da shaidar takardu kan abin da aka sanya. Wannan na iya haifar da rashin tabbas game da ingancin sakamakon binciken mai kimantawa.

A ƙarshe, EPCs suna haifar da matsaloli na musamman ga masu gine-ginen da aka jera, domin gyare-gyare, kamar gilashi biyu, galibi ana hana su ta hanyar sarrafawa kan canje-canje ga irin waɗannan gine-gine, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi wuya a gyara ƙananan ƙima.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba