Gabriel Deville

Gabriel Pierre Deville (8 Maris 1854 - 28 Fabrairu 1940) ya kasance masanin ilimin gurguzu na Faransa, ɗan siyasa kuma diflomasiyya. Ya kasance mai bin ƙungiyar Guesdist a cikin shekarun 1880, kuma ya yi abubuwa da yawa don wayar da kan jama'a game da ra'ayoyin Karl Marx game da raunin jari-hujja ta hanyar littattafansa da labaransa. Daga baya, ba tare da barin imaninsa ba, ya zama mai amfani kuma ya kasance mataimakin Majalisar Dokoki sau biyu. Bayan ya bar ofishin ya karbi mukamai daban-daban na diflomasiyya.

 Shekaru na farko 
An haifi Gabriel Deville a ranar 8 ga Maris 1854 a Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrénées . [1] Iyalinsa suna da al'adar jamhuriya mai ƙarfi. Kakansa shi ne Jean-Marie-Joseph Deville (fr), Wakilin Jama'a daga 1848 zuwa 1851 a lokacin Jamhuriyar Faransa ta Biyu . Kakansa shi ne Amédée Deville, mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Anatomical Society of Paris, wanda aka haramta shi bayan juyin mulki na 2 ga Disamba 1851. Gabriel Deville ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Tarbes, sannan ya yi karatu a fannonin shari'a a Toulouse da Paris, inda ya sami lasisinsa a matsayin lauya.[1]

Deville ya shiga wani bangare na Marxist na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya a Toulouse a matsayin dalibi mai shekaru 17. Deville ya yi nazarin ayyukan Karl Marx, gami da fassarar Le Capital ta Joseph Roy . Deville ya koma Paris don kammala digiri na shari'a a 1872, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Latin Quarter radicals. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin tattaunawar.

 Mai ba da ra'ayi na Guesdist 
Da yake magana game da farkon shekarunsa Deville ya rubuta, "A shekara ta 1877 lokacin da na kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara yada ka'idar rukuni da Marxist ta jaridar, ban san rudiments ... Mun koyi zamantakewar al'umma a lokaci guda da muka sanar da masu karatunmu, kuma ba za mu iya musanta cewa wani lokacin mun yi kuskure ba. "  Littafin Deville Blanqui libre (1878) ya nuna Louis Auguste Blanqui, yanzu tsoho, a matsayin jagora mai kyau wanda ya sha wahala daga zalunci. Littafin bai bayyana dalla-dalla game da ka'idodin juyin juya halin Blanqui ba. A cikin bazara na 1879 Deville ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da tallace-tallace na ƙasa ga kamfen ɗin don zaɓar Blanqui da aka ɗaure a matsayin mataimakin Bordeaux .  Shi ne babban mutum a cikin wannan kokarin Guesdist, wanda aka gani a matsayin wani nau'i na plebiscite na kasa kan afuwa ga shugabannin Paris Commune.

A cikin shekarun 1880 Deville ya goyi bayan Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Faransa (POF: Parti Ouvrier Francais) ta Jules Guesde. Ya ba da gudummawa ga jaridar Guesde L'Egalité .  Deville ya fara samun suna a matsayin masanin ilimin gurguzu. Ya rubuta littattafai daban-daban game da zamantakewar al'umma ciki har da Cours d'économie sociale - L'évaluation du capital (1884), Philosophie du Socialisme (1886) da L'Anarchism (1887).  Ya kasance mai adawa da masu adawa da gurguzu, da yawa daga cikinsu Freemasons ne, kuma ya rubuta mummunan ra'ayi game da "masonic socialism" na Benoît Malon. A matsayinsa na Guesdist ya ga rashin daidaito a matsayin matsala mai tsanani, kuma ya rubuta,

 Manazarta 

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