Hans Aarsleff

Hans Christian Aarsleff (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli Shekara ta 1925) ƙwararren masanin harsuna ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark kuma masani, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na Turanci a Jami'ar Princeton tun daga 1997. Aarsleff ƙwararren masani ne a tarihin harsuna, tarihin ra'ayoyi, da kuma tarihin falsafar ƙarni na 17, 18, da 19. 

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar motsa jiki da babban matsayi a shekarar 1943, ya yi karatun kimiyya da lissafi, ya yi karatun harshen Turanci da adabi a Jami'ar Copenhagen. A shekarar 1948 ya sami tallafin karatu don karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Minnesota, inda ya shafe shekaru takwas masu zuwa har zuwa Princeton a shekarar 1956. An kammala karatun digirinsa na uku, "The Study of Harshe in England, 1780–1860", a shekarar 1960. Jami'ar Princeton ta buga shi a shekarar 1967  (an sake buga shi a shekarar 1983), kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama sanannen masanin tarihi a fannin harsuna. Ya kasance mai jawabi mai baƙo da ake nema sosai a tarurruka da jami'o'i da yawa a ciki da wajen Amurka. Ya zauna a Princeton, inda ya kai matsayin cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1972, har tsawon sauran aikinsa.  An zaɓe shi a ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 1994.  

 Aikin ilimi 
Tun daga farko, aikin Aarsleff kan tarihin ilimin harsuna ya yi tasiri sosai don rufe tarihin ra'ayoyi, tarihin falsafa, da tarihin kimiyya, wanda ya haifar da manyan kasidu kan Leibniz, Locke, Condillac, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Descartes, da Herder. A shekarar 1982, an buga wasu kasidu nasa a ƙarƙashin taken "Daga Locke zuwa Saussure: Essays in the Study of Harshe and Intellectual History", wanda kuma babban littafi ne a fagen. Aarsleff ya kuma ba da gudummawar rubuce-rubuce da dama ga "The Dictionary of Scientific Biography" na Charles C. Gillispie, daga cikinsu akwai manyan kasidu kan John Wilkins da Thomas Sprat . A watan Yunin 1991, an gudanar da wani taro na musamman don girmama Hans Aarsleff a Sorbonne da ke Paris. Wannan ya haifar da festschrift "La linguistique entre mythe et histoire", Daniel Droixhe da Chantal Grell suka gyara (Münster: Nodus, 1993).

Rubuce-rubucen Aarsleff game da Wilhelm von Humboldt sun haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce yayin da suka jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa masana falsafa da masana harsuna na Faransa sun yi tasiri sosai ga Humboldt, wanda masana ilimin Jamus suka musanta. Rubuce-rubucensa game da masanin harsuna na Faransa da Switzerland Ferdinand de Saussure ya haifar da irin wannan ce-ce-ku-ce, yayin da ya yi jayayya cewa manyan ra'ayoyin Saussure sun sami tasiri sosai daga masanin falsafa na ƙarni na 19 na Faransa Hippolyte Taine, wanda malaman Saussure suka musanta, waɗanda suka nuna cewa ra'ayoyin da Aarsleff ya danganta ga Taine za a iya gano su zuwa wasu majiyoyi waɗanda Saussure da kansa ya rubuta game da su, yayin da babu ko da ɗaya daga cikin ambaton Taine a cikin manyan rubuce-rubucensa, waɗanda aka buga da waɗanda ba a buga ba.

A shekarar 1970, Aarsleff ya buga wani kasida mai suna "Tarihin ilimin harsuna da Farfesa Chomsky" a cikin wani babban littafin nazarin harsuna mai suna Harshe. Wannan kasidar ta jawo hankali sosai domin hari ne ga aikin Noam Chomsky da aka yi ta yadawa a shekarun baya a tarihin ilimin harsuna, yana mai cewa ya dogara ne akan ilimin da bai dace ba kuma na jam'iyya. Duk da cewa manyan kwararru a fannin suna da ra'ayi iri ɗaya,   mummunan martanin da Chomsky da mabiyansa suka mayar kan Aarsleff ya zama mutum mai jayayya a tsakanin masana ilimin harsuna na Chomskyan  

Daga cikin manyan littattafansa akwai:

 1967. "Nazarin Harshe a Ingila, 1780–1860." Princeton: Princeton University Press.
 1970. “Tarihin ilimin harsuna da Farfesa Chomsky.” Harshe 46: 570–585.
 1978. "Taine da Saussure." Sharhin Yale 68: 71–81.
 1982. "Daga Locke zuwa Saussure. Makaloli kan Nazarin Harshe da Tarihin Hankali." London: Jami'ar Minnesota Press. London: The Athlone Press.
 1988. “Gabatarwa ga 'Akan Harshe. Wilhelm von Humboldt: Bambancin Tsarin Harshen Ɗan Adam da Tasirinsa ga Ci gaban Hankali na Ɗan Adam', wanda Peter Heath ya fassara tare da gabatarwar Hans Aarsleff.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 2001. “Etienne Bonnot de Condillac, 'Rubutu Kan Asalin Ilimin Dan Adam', wanda Hans Aarsleff ya fassara kuma ya gyara, tare da gabatarwa.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925