Koman languages

Harsunan Koman ƙaramin iyali ne na harsuna masu haɗin kai waɗanda ke kan iyakar Habasha da Sudan, tare da masu magana da kusan 50,000. An saba rarraba su a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin Nilo-Saharan . Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin shaida, masana da yawa suna ɗaukar ta a matsayin dangin harshe mai zaman kansa. Daga cikin masana waɗanda suka yarda da haɗa ta cikin Nilo-Saharan, ra'ayoyi sun bambanta game da matsayinsu a cikin ta.

Harsunan Koman a Habasha suna da kusanci da harsunan Omotic Mao . A Habasha, wasu ƙungiyoyin masu magana da Koman suma suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin Mao na ƙabila. 

 Rarraba Cikin Gida 
Harsunan Koman sune:

 Koman
 Uduk, ko T'wampa, (a da can yana Kudancin Sudan ) — kimanin masu magana 20,000, yawancinsu a wani babban sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da ke Bonga, kusa da Gambela
 Kwama ( Ethiopia ) - kusan masu magana 15,000, musamman a cikin Benishangul-Gumuz
 Komo ( Sudan ) - kusan masu magana 12,000 galibi a cikin An Nil al Azraq
 Opuuo (Opo), ko Shita ( Habasha ) — ana magana da su a ƙauyuka 5 a arewacin Nuer waɗanda kimanin mutane 5,000 ke magana da su.
 Dana, wani sabon harshe da aka gano wanda ke kusa da Opo
 Gule ( Sudan ) — ya shuɗe

Harshen Shabo da ba a san shi sosai ba (masu magana da harshen 600) yana nuna ƙarfin tasirin Koman, kuma an yi nuni da cewa (ba tare da wata shaida ba) yana iya zama harshen Koman. Gabaɗaya ana rarraba Gule a matsayin Koman, amma shaidar ba ta isa ba tukuna.

 Otero (2019) 
Rarraba cikin gida na Otero's (2019: 28) na Koman: 


 Rarrabawa ta waje 
Dimmendaal (2008) ya lura cewa shaidun nahawu da ke ƙaruwa sun sa shawarar Nilo-Saharan ta zama mafi inganci tun lokacin da Greenberg ya gabatar da ita a 1963 amma ba a sami irin wannan shaidar ga Songhay, Gumuz, da Koman ba: "kaɗan daga cikin alamomin siffa da na magana da aka fi sani da Nilo-Saharan da aka tabbatar a cikin harsunan Coman da Gumuz ... Matsayinsu na kwayoyin halitta ya ci gaba da zama abin muhawara, galibi saboda rashin cikakkun bayanai." (2008:843) Kuma daga baya, "A taƙaice yanayin ilimin da ake ciki a yanzu, ... ana iya gano iyalai ko phyla masu zuwa: ... Mande, Songhai, Ubangian, Kadu, da harsunan Coman da Gumuz." (2008:844) Duk da haka, Ahland (2010) ya ba da rahoton cewa tare da ingantaccen shaida, duka Koman da Gumuz sun bayyana a matsayin Nilo-Saharan, kuma wataƙila sun fi kusanci da juna.

 Sake Ginawa 
An sake gina Proto-Koman ta hannun Lionel Bender (1983)  da Otero (2019). 

 Lambobi 
Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban: 
Language12345678910Komo (1)ɗɛ́sʊdìʃdɔɡɔ̀nbùsʼkáná ɡɪ ɗɛ́     (? + 1)káná á sʊ    (? + 2)káná á dìʃ  (? + 3)káná á dɔɡɔ̀n (? + 4)kʼɔ́ʃ kʼɔ̀lɔ̀Komo (2)ɗe(d) / ɗɛʔ (SIL)suʔin  /  sʊʔ (SIL)dícin / dǐʃǐn  (SIL)dōɡɔne(n) / dɔ̄ɣɔ́n  (SIL)busín  / bʊ̀sʼín  (SIL)kɛnɡɪɗe  / kàːnaɡǐɗɛ́ (SIL)kɛnnɛsɔ / kàːnàsʊʔ (SIL)kɛnnɛdiʃ / kàːnàdɪʃ (SIL)kɛnnɛdɔɡɔn / káːndɔ̀ɡɔ̀n (SIL)kɔʃinkwolo / kʼɔ́ʃkʼɔ̀lɔ̀ (SIL)Gwama (Kwama) (1)sóndò /sɛ́ːnɛ́ /sɛ́ːsʼkìnsùjátwásɛ̀nbéːsʼìnkúːmùtʼkúbà-sèːn ('takes/lends/brings one')kúbá-sùjá ('takes/lends/brings two')kúbà-twásɛ̄n ('takes/lends/br. three')kúb-béːsʼín ('takes/lends/brings four')kʼúːzí (lit: 'fingers')Gwama (Kwama) (2)sɛ́ɛ́kʼínswíjátwàsɛ́nbéésʼínkómòtʼkúpà-sɛ́n    (litː ? + 1)kúpà-swíjá   (litː ? + 2)kúpà-twàsɛ̄n (litː ? + 3)kúpà-béésʼín (litː ? + 4)kʼoosʼiKwama (Asosa) (3)seːko ~ se:ndo / ʔāˈsɛ́n~ ʔāsɛ́l (SIL)siːya  / ˈsíjá  (SIL)twazan ~ twasan / ˈtʷāsán (SIL)mbisiːna  ~ beːsen / bēːsīn (SIL)kʷʊmbut  ~ kombɔt / ˈkʰūːmùt (SIL)kʊmpasɛnde / ˈkōbāsín (SIL)kʊmpa-siːya / kōbə̄ˈsìa (SIL)kʊmpa-twasən / kōbə̄ˈtʷàsɪn (SIL)kʊmpa-n-beːsina / kōˈbeːéːsīn (SIL)kʊʃʊmbiːt ~kwuːzia / ˈkūːzi (SIL)Opuuo (Tʼapo) (3)ɗɛ̄n~dɛ̄ (contraction)sʊ̄kʼátùsùʍànmùtá-kʼʊ̄j  (litː 'be.full-hand')kān-ɪ́-ɗɛ̄, contraction, (lit: five-ASC-one / five-ASC-one)kān-ɪ́-sʊ̄kʼá (litː' five-ASC-two')kān-ɪ́-tùsù (litː' five-ASC-three')kān-ɪ́-ʍàn (litː' five-ASC-four')kʼʊ̄j-ā-sʊ̄kʼ-ɛ́n (litː 'hand-LOC-two-     3N.POSS')Opuuo (Shita) (4)ɗán / ɗíánsùkʼátùsúhwánmùtá-kʼʷèj  (litː 'one hand')kánè-ɗéékánè-sùkʼákánè-tùsúkánè-hʷánmútá-kʼʷùjá-sùkʼén ('two hands')Opuuo (Shita) (5)diʃeɗeʃuka / cukatuʃu  / tusuhwan / ŋwanmutaːkwei  (one hand) ?kane-ɗekane-ʃukakane-tūʃūkane-hwānmuta-kweya-ʃuka-yen (two hands) ?Uduk (Twampa) (1)ɗéʔsúʔkʷārādòŋ(ɡ)ònmúd̻èɗ (lit: 'hand closed')múd̻èɗ pé ɗéʔ (5+ 1)múd̻èɗ pé súʔ (5+ 2)múd̻èɗ pé(ŋ) kʷārā  (5+ 3)múd̻èɗ pé dòŋ(ɡ)òn (5+ 4)ʼkúmèɗUduk (2)ɗesuʔkwaradoŋonmudheɗ (lit: hand closed)(mudheɗ) peɗe  (5+ 1)(mudheɗ) pesuʔ (5+ 2)(mudheɗ) pekwara (5+ 3)(mudheɗ) pedoŋon (5+ 4)kumeɗ

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin sake gina Proto-Koman (Wiktionary)

 Manazarta