Dianne Feinstein

Dianne Emiel Feinstein  ( née Goldman ; 22 ga Yuni, 1933 – Satumba 29, 2023) ‘yar siyasa ce ta Amurka wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin sanata daga California daga 1992 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2023. Ta kasance memba a Jam’iyyar Democrat, a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na 38 na San Francisco daga 1978 zuwa 1988. 

Feinstein, 'yar asalin San Francisco, ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Stanford a shekarar 1955.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin magajin gari na San Francisco a shekarar 1969 kuma nan take ta zama shugabar mata ta farko a hukumar bayan naɗinta a shekarar 1970. A shekarar 1978, a lokacin da ta zama shugabar hukumar ta uku, kisan gillar da aka yi wa Magajin Gari George Moscone da Mai Kula da Birnin Harvey Milk ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya. Feinstein ta gaji Moscone a matsayin magajin gari kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin. A lokacin mulkinta, ta jagoranci gyaran tsarin motocin kebul na birnin kuma ta kula da Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Democrat na 1984. Duk da yunƙurin sake kiran jama'a a shekarar 1983, Feinstein ta kasance magajin gari mai farin jini kuma City &amp; State ta naɗa ta magajin gari mafi tasiri a ƙasar a shekarar 1987.   

Bayan ta sha kaye a takarar gwamna a shekarar 1990, an zaɓe ta Feinstein a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a wani zaɓe na musamman a shekarar 1992.  A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1992, ta zama Sanata mace ta farko a Amurka a California; ba da daɗewa ba, ta zama babbar Sanata a jihar lokacin da Alan Cranston ya yi ritaya a watan Janairun 1993. An sake zaɓen Feinstein sau biyar. A zaɓen shekarar 2012, ta sami 7.86 kuri'u miliyan,  wanda har zuwa 2024,  shine kuri'un da aka fi sani da aka samu a duk wani dan takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a tarihi. 

A matsayinta na sanata, Feinstein ta rubuta haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta makamai ta Tarayya ta 1994, ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci Kwamitin Dokokin Majalisar Dattijai da Kwamitin leken asiri na Majalisar Dattijan, kuma ita ce mace na farko da ta shugabanci rantsar da shugabancin Amurka. Ta jagoranci Kwamitin leken asiri na Majalisar Dattijai daga 2009 zuwa 2015 [1] kuma ta kasance memba mai matsayi na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 2017 zuwa

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Feinstein Dianne Emiel Goldman  a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1933,  a San Francisco ga Leon Goldman, fitaccen likitan tiyata,  da matarsa, Betty (née Rosenburg), tsohuwar mai ƙira. Kakannin kakanninta na uba baƙi ne daga Poland . Kakannin mahaifiyarta, Rosenburgs, sun fito ne daga Saint Petersburg, Rasha.  Duk da cewa sun fito ne daga zuriyar Jamus da Yahudawa,  suna bin addinin Orthodox na Rasha (Kirista), kamar yadda aka buƙata daga Yahudawa a Saint Petersburg .   An ba wa mahaifiyar Feinstein Kiristanci, wadda ta dage kan cewa za ta koma daga makarantar kwana ta Yahudawa zuwa wata babbar makarantar Katolika ta gida, amma Feinstein ta sanya addininta a matsayin addinin Yahudanci. 

Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Convent of the Sacred Heart a shekarar 1951, sannan ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a tarihi.  Mahaifiyar Feinstein ta kasance mai cin zarafi, tana yawan yin fushi da barasa , kuma, a cewar 'yar'uwar Feinstein Yvonne Banks, ba ta da tabbas a cikin motsin rai. Daga baya, an yi wa mahaifiyar Feinstein hoton kwakwalwa wanda ya gano cewa ɓangaren kwakwalwarta da ke da alhakin yanke hukunci ya ragu, "mai yiwuwa saboda matsaloli daga mummunan rashin lafiya tun tana ƙarama".  

An ruwaito cewa an gano Feinstein a matsayin ɗan Rashanci. 

 Farkon aikin siyasa 
Daga 1955 zuwa 1956, Feinstein ta kasance ma'aikaciya a Gidauniyar Coro da ke San Francisco, wata ƙungiya da ke ba wa matasa ƙwarewar siyasa.  Gwamna Pat Brown ya naɗa ta a Hukumar Ba da Lamuni ta Mata ta California a 1960. Ta yi aiki a hukumar har zuwa 1966. 

 Hukumar Kula da San Francisco da yunkurin kisan kai 
An zaɓe Feinstein a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kula da Jami'an Tsaro na San Francisco a shekarar 1969.   Ta ci gaba da zama a kwamitin tsawon shekaru tara, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar mata ta farko daga 1970 zuwa 1971, tare da ƙarin wa'adi daga 1974 zuwa 1975 da kuma Janairu zuwa Disamba 1978.   

A lokacin da take cikin Kwamitin Masu Kulawa, ta yi takarar magajin garin San Francisco sau biyu ba tare da nasara ba, a shekarar 1971 da Magajin Gari Joseph Alioto, da kuma a shekarar 1975, lokacin da ta sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani (da George Moscone ) ga Mai Kulawa John Barbagelata . 
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