Galarrwuy Yunupingu

Galarrwuy Yunupingu (30 ga Yuni 1948 – 3 ga Afrilu 2023), wanda aka fi sani da James Galarrwuy Yunupingu da Dr Yunupingu, ɗan fafutukar ' yan asalin ƙasar Australiya ne wanda ya kasance jagora a cikin al'ummar 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya . Ya kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mallakar filaye na 'yan asalin ƙasar a tsawon aikinsa. Ya kasance mutumin Yolngu na ƙabilar Gumatj, daga Arnhem Land a Yankin Arewa . Ya kasance gwarzon shekarar Australiya ta 1978.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Galarrwuy Yunupingu a Melville Bay, kusa da Yirkala, a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1948, kuma ɗan kabilar Gumatj ne na mutanen Yolngu.  Mahaifinsa, Mungurrawuy Yunupingu, sanannen mai fasaha ne kuma shugaban danginsa; 'yan'uwansa sun haɗa da mawaƙin Yothu Yindi, ɗan'uwansa Mandawuy Yunupingu ; da 'yan'uwa mata da dama, ciki har da Nyapanyapa Yunupingu da Nancy Gaymala Yunupingu .  

Ya girma a kan aikin mishan na Yirrkala, inda aka san shi da Balanda (mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba) a matsayin "James", [1] kuma ya halarci Makarantar Mishan a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. [2] Ya kasance matashi a lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri takardun neman izinin Yirrkala a wurin aikin mishan kuma aka miƙa shi ga Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya a 1963, wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai ga shari'ar haƙƙin mallakar filaye ta Gove a 1971, kuma ya ɗauki sha'awar shari'ar. An san shi a matsayin ɗalibi mai hazaka.

Masu wa'azin Methodist sun ga damar da zai samu a matsayinsa na limamin coci na gaba, kuma tare da goyon bayansu,  ya ƙaura zuwa Brisbane don yin karatu a Kwalejin Littafi Mai Tsarki ta Methodist na tsawon shekaru biyu, inda ya koma Gove a shekarar 1967. 

 Sana'a 

 Haƙƙin ƙasa 
A farkon shekarun 1960, tare da mahaifinsa, shugaban ƙabilar Gumatj Mungurrawuy, Yunupingu ya shiga fafutukar kare haƙƙin filaye kuma ya taimaka wajen tsara koke-koken Yirrkala,  wanda mahaifinsa ya taimaka wajen zana.  Ya jawo hankalin ƙasa a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 saboda rawar da ya taka a shari'ar haƙƙin mallakar filaye ta Gove, amma bai yi nasara ba. Wannan ƙarar shari'a ita ce ta farko da 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya suka shigar don ƙalubalantar haƙƙin kamfanonin haƙar ma'adinai na amfani da filaye na gargajiya. Ya zama fitaccen shugaba kuma mai ƙarfi a madadin 'yan asalin ƙasar a Yankin Arewa da Ostiraliya, inda ya sami girmamawa da yabo daga mutane da yawa. 
A shekarar 1975, Yunupingu ya shiga Majalisar Ƙasa ta Arewa (NLC), hukumar da aka naɗa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Filaye ta Aboriginal ta 1976 don wakiltar masu filaye na gargajiya na Aboriginal da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ya kasance shugaban NLC daga 1977 zuwa 1980, memba na zartarwa har zuwa 1983 lokacin da aka sake zaɓensa a matsayin shugaba. Ya jagoranci tattaunawa da dama da hukumomin haƙar ma'adinai da na gwamnati.  
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948