William Alston

William Payne Alston (29 ga Nuwamba, 1921 - 13 ga Satumba, 2009) masanin falsafa ne na Amurka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana ilimin falsafa da falsafa na addini na ƙarni na ashirin, name=":0"> kuma an san shi da aikinsa a fannin ilimin metaphysics da falsafar harshe .  Ra'ayoyinsa kan tushe, ciki da waje, ayyukan magana, da ƙimar ilimin kimiyya na ƙwarewar sihiri, da sauran batutuwa da yawa, sun yi tasiri sosai.  name="OppyTrakakis2013"> Ya sami digirin digirgir na PhD daga Jami'ar Chicago kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Michigan, Jami'ar Rutgers, Jami'ar Illinois, da Jami'ar Syracuse .  name=":1" 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Alston ga Eunice Schoolfield da William Alston a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1921, a Shreveport, Louisiana. Ya kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare yana da shekaru 15 kuma ya tafi Kwalejin Centenary ta Louisiana, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1942 da digirin farko a fannin piano. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya buga clarinet da bass drum a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta soja a California. A wannan lokacin, ya fara sha'awar falsafa, wanda littafin W. Somerset Maugham mai suna The Razor's Edge ya haifar, kuma ya karanta ayyukan masana falsafa kamar Jacques Maritain, Mortimer J. Adler, Francis Bacon, Plato, René Descartes, da John Locke suka rubuta .  An sallami Alston daga rundunar sojojin Amurka cikin girmamawa a shekarar 1946,  name=":0">Plantinga, Alvin (2015). "Alston, William P.". In Audi, Robert (ed.). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Third ed.). New York City: Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-1-139-05750-9. OCLC 927145544. ya ci gaba da shiga shirin digiri na biyu a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar Chicago, duk da cewa bai taɓa ɗaukar darasi a kan wannan batu ba.   Yayin da yake can, ya ƙara koyo game da falsafa daga Richard McKeon da Charles Hartshorne, kuma ya sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1951.  Rubutunsa na digiri ya kasance kan batun falsafar Alfred North Whitehead . 

 Sana'a 
Daga 1949 zuwa 1971, Alston farfesa ne a Jami'ar Michigan, kuma ya zama farfesa a fannin falsafa a 1961. Daga nan ya koyar a Jami'ar Rutgers na tsawon shekaru biyar, sannan sai Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign daga 1976 zuwa 1980 sannan kuma Jami'ar Syracuse daga 1980 zuwa 1992. Aikin farko na Alston ya kasance kan falsafar harshe, daga baya ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin ilimin harsuna da falsafar addini tun daga farkon shekarun 1970 zuwa gaba.

Tare da Alvin Plantinga, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Robert Adams, da Michael L. Peterson, Alston sun taimaka wajen kafa mujallar Imani da Falsafa .  Tare da Plantinga, Wolterstorff, da sauransu, Alston shi ma ya kasance mai alhakin haɓaka " Reformed epistemology " (kalmar da Alston, ɗan Episcopalian, bai taɓa amincewa da ita gaba ɗaya ba), ɗaya daga cikin mahimman gudummawar da ya bayar ga tunanin Kirista a ƙarni na ashirin.  Alston ya kasance shugaban Sashen Yamma (yanzu Sashen Tsakiya) na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a 1979, Ƙungiyar Falsafa da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, da Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Kirista, wadda ya kafa tare. An san shi sosai a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a ƙarshen ƙarni na ashirin na farfaɗo da falsafar addini .   An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1990. 

 Mutuwa 
Alston ya mutu a wani gidan kula da tsofaffi da ke Jamesville, New York, a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2009, yana da shekaru 87.

 Littattafan tarihi 

 Bayan "Tabbatarwa": Girman Kimantawar Ilimin Halittu, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2005. 
 Gaskiya Mai Ma'ana Game da Metaphysical (Lakcar Aquinas, 2001), Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8746-2168-6
 Ayyukan Wayo da Ma'anar Jumla, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-8014-3669-7
 Ra'ayin Gaskiya Mai Ra'ayin Gaskiya, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8014-8410-0
 Tabbatar da Ilimin Halitta: Makaloli a cikin Ka'idar Ilimi, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8014-9544-1
 Ingancin Fahimtar Hankali, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-8014-8101-7
 Fahimtar Allah : Ilimin Kimiyyar Addini, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-8014-8155-0
 Yanayin Allahntaka da Harshen Ɗan Adam: Makaloli a Tauhidin Falsafa . Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0-8014-9545-8
 Falsafar Harshe, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1964

 Duba kuma 

 Falsafar Amurka
 Jerin masana falsafa na Amurka

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921