Hanyar Reggio Emilia

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Tsarin Reggio Emilia falsafar ilimi ce da kuma tsarin koyarwa da aka mayar da hankali kan ilimin makarantun gaba da firamare. Wannan tsarin manhaja ce mai mayar da hankali kan ɗalibai kuma mai ginawa wanda ke amfani da ilmantarwa ta kai tsaye, ta gogewa a cikin muhallin da dangantaka ta dogara da shi.  Shirin ya dogara ne akan ka'idojin girmamawa, alhakin da al'umma ta hanyar bincike, ganowa da wasa.

Ainihin wannan falsafar akwai zato cewa yara suna ƙirƙirar halayensu a farkon shekarun ci gaba kuma an ba su "harsuna ɗari", ta hanyar da za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu. Manufar hanyar Reggio ita ce koya wa yara yadda ake amfani da waɗannan harsunan alama (misali zane, sassaka, wasan kwaikwayo) a rayuwar yau da kullun. An ƙirƙiri wannan hanyar bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta hanyar ƙwararren malami Loris Malaguzzi da iyaye a ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da Reggio Emilia, Italiya; hanyar ta samo asali ne daga birnin.

 Tarihi 
A lokacin bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a Italiya, an shawo kan ƙasar da "...sha'awar kawo sauyi da ƙirƙira sabuwa",  wanda ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa mai mahimmanci ya haifar, gami da ilimi.  Wani labari ya bayyana yadda adawa a shekarar 1976 ga manufofin ilimin firamare na gundumar Reggio Emilia ta buɗe makarantun firamare ga jama'a.  Wannan ya haifar da gabatar da tsarin Reggio ga ilimin farko, wanda iyaye da al'umma suka tallafa masa. 

An yi amfani da wannan hanyar ne bisa ga tsarin Malaguzzi, wanda malamai da yawa suka san shi kuma suka yaba masa sakamakon wani baje kolin yawon bude ido mai taken, "Yaro yana da Harsuna 100. Akan Ilimin Kirkire-kirkire a Kindergartens na Jama'a a Reggio Emilia, Italiya", wanda aka bude a shekarar 1981 a Gidan Tarihi na Zamani da ke Stockholm, Sweden . [1] [2] Sakamakon haka, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Aiki da Nazarin Cibiyoyin Yara Masu Yara. A shekarar 1991, Newsweek ta ruwaito cewa makarantun Reggio Emilia suna cikin manyan tsarin makarantu a duniya. [3]

A ranar 24 ga Mayu, 1994, an kafa ƙungiyar agaji mai suna Friends of Reggio Children International Association don tallata ayyukan Loris Malaguzzi da kuma shirya ci gaban ƙwararru da al'adu dangane da wannan tsari.  A watan Nuwamba 2002, a lokacin taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ilimi ga Yara Kanana a Chicago, an kafa Ƙungiyar Reggio Emilia ta Arewacin Amurka a hukumance. "North American Reggio Emilia Alliance". Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2013.

A shekara ta 2003, gundumar Reggio Emilia ta zaɓi ta kula da tsarin da kuma hanyar sadarwa ta ayyukan makaranta da cibiyoyin yara ƙanana ta hanyar kafa Istituzione Scuole e Nidi d'Infanzia. Wannan ya ba makarantun birni da makarantun gaba da sakandare damar samun shirye-shirye da ayyuka masu zaman kansu waɗanda Reggio ya yi wahayi zuwa gare su tare da tallafi daga gwamnatin Italiya.

A watan Fabrairun 2006, an kafa Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Loris Malaguzzi a Reggio Emilia, Italiya, a matsayin wurin taro don ci gaban ƙwararru da kuma cibiyar bincike ta falsafar Reggio. A ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2011, an kafa Gidauniyar Cibiyar Yara-Loris Malaguzzi mai zaman kanta a Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Loris Malaguzzi don haɓaka "ilimi da bincike don inganta rayuwar mutane da al'ummomi, a Reggio Emilia da kuma a duniya". 

 Manazarta