George W. Anderson (alƙali)

George Weston Anderson (1 ga Satumba, 1861 - 14 ga Fabrairu, 1938) alkalin da'ira ne na Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka na Kotun Da'ira ta Farko .

 Ilimi da aiki 
An haife shi a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1861, a wata gona a Acworth, New Hampshire,  Anderson ya sami digirin Artium Baccalaureus, cum laude,  a shekara ta 1886 daga Kwalejin Williams da kuma digirin farko na Shari'a, magna cum laude,  a shekara ta 1890 daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Boston .  Ya shiga aikin lauya a Boston, Massachusetts daga 1890 zuwa 1914.  Ya kasance malami a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Boston daga 1891 zuwa 1894.  Ya kasance Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Massachusetts daga 1914 zuwa 1917.  Ya kasance memba na Hukumar Kasuwanci ta Tsakanin Jihohi daga 1917 zuwa 1918. 

 Matsayi a cikin tabbatar da Brandeis 
A shekarar 1916, ya yi aiki don samun amincewar Majalisar Dattawa daga Louis Brandeis lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a Kotun Koli ta Amurka, yana aiki a matsayin lauya ga ƙaramin kwamitin da ya yi la'akari da naɗin tare da gudanar da wasu muhimman tambayoyi kan shaidu. 

 Wakilin taron kundin tsarin mulki 
A shekarar 1916, Kotun Koli ta Massachusetts da masu zaɓe sun amince da kiran taron kundin tsarin mulki.  An zaɓi Anderson a matsayin Wakili a Babban Majalisa don yin aiki a matsayin memba na Taron Tsarin Mulki na Massachusetts na 1917. 

 Hukumar shari'a ta tarayya 
Shugaba Woodrow Wilson ya naɗa Anderson a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1918, zuwa kujera a Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta Amurka ta Kotun Daukaka Ƙara ta Farko wadda Alkali Frederic Dodge ya bari.  Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta amince da shi a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1918, kuma ta karɓi mukaminsa a ranar.  Ya karɓi mukamin babban jami'i a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1931.  Ya ƙare aikinsa a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1938, saboda rasuwarsa. 

 Shari'a mai mahimmanci 
An san Anderson da rashin amincewa lokacin da kotu ta amince da wasu hukunce-hukuncen da suka taso daga Red Scare na 1919 zuwa 1920. A watan Yunin 1920, ya hana sake ci gaba da kai hare-haren Palmer na Nuwamba 1919 da Janairu 1920 lokacin da shawararsa a shari'ar Colyer v. Skeffington ta ba da umarnin a kori masu tsattsauran ra'ayi 17 da aka kama. Ra'ayinsa ya kammala da cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka ta yi kira da a kifar da Gwamnatin Amurka da karfin tuwo, kuma ya soki Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka da kakkausar suka kan amfani da kama mutane da kuma gazawarta wajen bin hanyoyin shari'a masu dacewa. [undefined] Game da shari'ar korar, ya rubuta: "Shari'ar da ba ta bisa doka ba, tana da wuya kowa ya yi tunani.... Da kyar zan iya zama a kan kujera a matsayina na ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma in danne fushina. Ina kallon irin wannan shari'ar da tsoro." Shari'ar Colyer ta ci gaba da zama mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce. Misali, a lokacin zaman sauraron ƙarar da Majalisar Dattawa ta gudanar don la'akari da tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi wa Babban Lauya A. Mitchell Palmer na yin watsi da tsarin da ya dace wajen kama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a ƙarshen 1919 da farkon 1920, wani tsohon jami'in Ma'aikatar Shari'a ya shaida cewa Anderson ya nuna fifiko ga shaidu a madadin waɗanda ake tuhuma a shari'ar korar Colyer .

 Iyali 
Anderson ya yi aure na tsawon shekaru takwas da Winnie E. Mitchell ta Mason, New Hampshire, har zuwa rasuwarta. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu da 'ya mace ɗaya. A shekarar 1897 ya auri Addie Earle Kenerson ta Boston, wadda ta tsira daga gare shi.  A wannan shekarar, aka zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka .  Ya zauna a unguwar Wellesley Hills da ke Wellesley, Massachusetts. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Ritaya da mutuwa 
Anderson ya ɗauki matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1932, ma'ana duk da cewa ya ci gaba da zama alkali na tarayya, bai sake sauraron ƙararraki ko shiga harkokin kotun ba. Ya mutu a gidansa na hunturu da ke DeLand, Florida, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1938. 

 Ƙarin karatu 

 Alan Rogers "Alkali George W. Anderson da Haƙƙoƙin Bil'adama a shekarun 1920," The Historian, vol. 54 (2007), 289-304
 Littattafan Google: "The 'Colyer Case'" a cikin Brown, RG, da sauransu, Ga Al'ummar Amurka: Rahoton Ayyukan Haramtacciyar Hukuma na Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka, 42-56 (Washington, DC: National Popular Government League, 1920). Marubutan tare sun haɗa da Felix Frankfurter da Roscoe Pound .
 Wariyar launin fata ta hukumomi

 Manazarta