Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini

Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini ( Arabic أبو إسحاق الإسفراييني) mashahurin malamin Sunni ne, masani a fannin fikihu, ka'idar shari'ahadisi, tafsirin Al-Qur'ani, Tauhid da kuma harshen Larabci.  Ilimin Al-Isfara'ini ya fi ƙarkata ne zuwa ga fannoni kamar Aqidah, Hadisi da Fiqihu. Shi ne jagoran da ya fi fice acikin mashahuran malamanmazhabar Shafi'i a zamaninsa.  Shi da Ibn Furak su ne suka fi kafa aqidarAsh'ariyya ta Ahlus-Sunnah a garin Nishapur a farkon karni na 5 na Musulunci. 

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Haihuwa da Ilimi 
An haifi Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini a Isfarayin, wani gari da ke manne a ƙofar zuwa tsaunukan arewacin Khorasan kuma ya raba biyu da babban titin da ke haɗa Bayhaq zuwa Nishapur kusa da kwarin ciyawa da jerin tsaunuka. Ba a san komai game da yarintarsa ba sai dai ya sami cikakken ilimin Musulunci wanda ya mayar da hankali kan fikihun Musulunci, Hadisi, tauhidin Musulunci, da Aqidah (imani). Ya yi karatun hadisi sosai tare da malamai kamar Abu Bakr al-Ismai'li, sannan ya yi tafiya zuwa Baghdad domin ci gaba da karatunsa, kuma ya halarci laccocin wasu shahararrun malaman Ahlus-Sunnah na zamaninsa, ciki har da Abul-Hasan al-Bahili, Baqillani da Ibn Furak.  

 Sana'a 
Daga nan sai Al-Isfara'ini ya zaɓi barin garin Baghdad ya koma garinsu na asali na Isfarayin duk da girmamawa da kuma falalar da malaman Iraki suka nuna masa.  Daga baya ya karɓi gayyatar zuwa Nishapur, inda aka gina masa makaranta.  Daga shekara ta 411 bayan hijira ya gudanar da zaman koyar da hadisi a masallacin jama'a na Nishapur. 

 Ɗalibai 
Abu Ishaq ya ƙware a fannin shari'a ta mazhabar Shafi'i, ka'idar shari'a, hadisi da tauhidi kuma ya ba da iliminsa mai zurfi ga ɗalibansa da yawa. Mafi shahararrun ɗalibansa sun zama sanannun mutane a duniya a zamaninsu:     

 Abu al-Tayyib al-Tabari
 Al-Mawardi
 Al-Lalaka'i
 Al-Bayhaqi
 Al-Qushayri
 Abu Mansur Al-Baghdadi
 Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
 Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi

 Mutuwa 
Al-Isfara'ini ya rasu a watan Musulunci na Muharram a shekara ta 418 bayan hijira (Fabrairu 1027 Miladiyya), kuma an binne shi a Isfarayin. Kabarinsa ya ci gaba da jawo hankalin masu ibada a ƙarni na 6/12. 

 Liyafar maraba 
Ibn Asakir ya ce: "Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka cancanci zama mujtahid saboda zurfin iliminsa, da kuma cika buƙatunsa a matsayin imami: iyawa a cikin Larabci, fiqhu, magana, da usul fiqhu, da kuma fahimtar Alƙur'ani da Sunnah." 

 Tasiri 
Kusan babu ɗaya daga cikin littattafan Abu Ishaq da ya tsira kuma Al-Nawawi ya ce dalilin shine saboda littattafansa sun yi yawa da ba za a iya haɗa su a cikin littattafai ba. Abu Ishaq ya yi rubutu sosai kan ƙa'idar shari'a, shari'ar Shafi'i, hadisi da tauhidi, amma masana sun yi imanin cewa ya ba da hankali sosai wajen muhawara kan ƙungiyoyi masu karkacewa kamar masu kai hari ga akidun Mu'tazila. Ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna al-mukhtasar fi al-radd ala ahl a-i'lizal wa al-qadar (Taƙaitaccen karyata Mu'tazila da waɗanda suka yi imani da 'yancin zaɓi) da wani mai suna al-Jami' al-haly fi usul al-din wa al-radd ala al-mulhidin (Ka'idar Ka'idojin Dokoki da kuma karyata waɗanda ba su yi imani ba). Bugu da ƙari, Abu Ishaq ya yi muhawara da Mu'tazila da dama, ciki har da Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar. Abu Ishaq ya kuma yi suka ga akidun ƙungiyar Karramiyya waɗanda ke da ra'ayoyin ɗan adam game da Allah.  

Duk da haka, duk da cewa babu ɗaya daga cikin littattafan Abu Ishaq da aka adana, ra'ayoyinsa na ilimi sun kasance masu matuƙar daraja kuma suna bayyana akai-akai a cikin ayyukan Shafi'i na baya kan ƙa'idar shari'a kuma manyan malamai kamar Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi da Ibn al-Salah sun fahimci muhimmancin rawar da Abu Ishaq ya taka wajen tsara matsayin Shafi'i/Ash'ari kan batutuwa kamar sokewa da yarjejeniya. Daga baya masu ra'ayin shari'a na Shafi'i kamar Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni da Al-Ghazali sun kiyaye matsayin Abu Ishaq kan batun yawan hadisai da tasirin yarjejeniya. 

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin Ash'aris

 Manazarta