Cooper (aikin)

Cooper ma'aikacin hannu ne wanda ke samar da kwantena na katako, ganga, tukwane, bokiti, tukwane, kwano, da sauran kwantena makamantan su daga sandunan katako waɗanda galibi ana dumama su ko a tururi don su zama masu laushi.

Masu haɗin gwiwa na Journeymen suma suna yin kayan aikin katako a al'ada, kamar rake da shebur masu bakin itace. Baya ga itace, ana amfani da wasu kayan aiki, kamar ƙarfe, a cikin tsarin ƙera su. Cinikin shine asalin sunan mahaifi Cooper .

 Asalin Ma'anar 
Kalmar "cooper" ta samo asali ne daga harshen Jamusanci na Tsakiya ko Tsakiyar Ƙasa kūper 'cooper' daga kūpe 'cask', sannan kuma daga Latin cupa 'tun, barrel'.   An ɗauki kalmar a matsayin sunan mahaifi na aiki, Cooper . 

Fasaha da ƙwarewar haɗin gwiwa na nufin ƙera kwandunan katako, ko ganga. Wurin da ake yin kwanduna ana kiransa da haɗin gwiwa.    

 Tarihi 
A al'adance, cooper mutum ne wanda ke yin tasoshin katako, waɗanda aka yi musu katangar katako, waɗanda aka haɗa su da ƙusoshin katako ko na ƙarfe, kuma suna da ƙarshen lebur ko kai. Misalan aikin cooper sun haɗa da kwanduna, ganga, bokiti, tukwane, man shanu, tukwane, hogsheads, firkins, tiers, rundlets, puncheons, pipes, tuns, butts, throughs, fils da breakers.

Mai yin ƙugiya shine mutumin da ke sanya ƙugiya ta katako ko ƙarfe a kusa da ganga ko bokitin da Cooper ya yi, ainihin mataimaki ga Cooper. Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 2002. 5th ed. Vol. 1, A–M. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 513. Sunan Ingilishi Hooper ya samo asali ne daga wannan sana'a.  A tsawon lokaci, Coopers sun ɗauki matsayin mai yin ƙugiya da kansu.

 Tsohon zamani 
Wani zanen bango na Masar a cikin kabarin Hesy-Ra, wanda aka yi tun daga 2600 BC, ya nuna wani baho na katako da aka yi da sanduna, an ɗaure shi da ƙugiya na katako, kuma ana amfani da shi don aunawa.  Wani zanen kabarin Masar wanda aka yi tun daga 1900 BC ya nuna wani cooper da baho da aka yi da sandunan da ake amfani da su a lokacin girbin inabi.  An ruwaito cewa ana amfani da kwandunan itacen dabino a tsohuwar Babila . A Turai, an sami bokiti da kwandunan da aka adana tun daga 200 BC a cikin laka na ƙauyukan tafkin.  Wani ƙauyen tafkin kusa da Glastonbury wanda ya rayu tun daga ƙarshen zamanin ƙarfe ya samar da cikakken baho ɗaya da sandunan katako da dama. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Masanin tarihin Romawa Pliny the Elder ya ba da rahoton cewa haɗin gwiwa a Turai ya samo asali ne daga Gauls a ƙauyukan Alps inda suke adana abubuwan sha a cikin akwatunan katako da aka ɗaure da ƙugiya.  Pliny ya gano nau'ikan coopers guda uku: coopers na yau da kullun, coopers na giya da coopers waɗanda ke yin manyan akwatunan.  Manyan akwatunan sun ƙunshi sanduna masu tsayi da yawa kuma hakan ya fi wahalar haɗawa. Coopers na Romawa sun kasance 'yan kasuwa ne masu zaman kansu, suna ba da ƙwarewarsu ga 'ya'yansu maza. Masanin ilimin ƙasa na Girka Strabo ya rubuta cewa <i id="mwjQ">pithoi</i> na katako (kwando) an yi musu layi da ƙugiya don dakatar da zubewa da adana ruwan inabin.  Wani lokaci ana amfani da ganga don dalilai na soja. Julius Caesar ya yi amfani da katapults don jefa ganga na kwalta mai ƙonewa zuwa garuruwan da aka kewaye don kunna wuta. 

An yi amfani da kwandunan da babu komai don rufe bangon rijiyoyin da ba su da zurfi tun zamanin Romawa. An gano irin waɗannan kwandunan a shekarar 1897 a lokacin haƙa kayan tarihi na Roman Silchester a Burtaniya. An yi su da fir na azurfa na Pyrenean kuma sandunan suna da kauri inci ɗaya da rabi kuma suna da ramuka inda aka sanya kawunan. An yi musu zane-zanen Romawa a saman kowane sandar don taimakawa wajen sake haɗa su. [1]

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