Maria Luisa Zuloaga ta Tovar

Maria Luisa Zuloaga de Tovar (1902-1992  ) yar wasan ceramicist ce ta Venezuela .

 Ilimi 
Tovar ta yi karatun zane tare da mai zane na Catalan (wanda a lokacin yake zaune a Caracas ) Ángel Cabré y Magriñá tare da 'yar uwarta, mai zane Elisa Elvira Zuloaga, ta hanyar azuzuwan sirri da mahaifinsu ya shirya a shekarar 1916. Ganin cewa ta fi son sassaka fiye da zane, ta fara karatu a shekarar 1936 a makarantar Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Applicadas (Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha) da aka sake buɗewa kuma aka sabunta a Caracas. A can ta yi karatu a cikin shirin siminti na farko wanda João Gonçalves ya jagoranta, da kuma sassaka a ƙarƙashin Ernesto Maragall. Tovar ta yi tafiya zuwa New York a shekarar 1939 don yin karatu a wani bita da mai sassaka Alexander Archipenko ya kafa, inda ta ci gaba da karatunta a fannin siminti .

 Zane-zane 
Bayan ta dawo Caracas a shekarar 1941, ta gina wani bita wanda ke ɗauke da murhun bulo, wanda shi ne na biyu a ƙasar. A shekarar 1946, ta sami kyautar ƙasa don Fasahar Aiki a VII Salón Oficial Annual de Arte Venezolano (Salon Fasaha na Venezuela na Shekara-shekara na Hukuma) da kuma kyaututtukan da suka biyo baya a shekarun 1960 da 1961. A tsawon aikinta, Tovar tana da sha'awar al'adun gargajiya na Venezuela, waɗanda suka bayyana kanta a cikin nau'ikan zane-zane masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke tunawa da zane-zanen kafin Columbia ko hotunan addini, kamar mala'iku ko Budurwa da Yaro. Misali, daga 1949 har zuwa mutuwarta, Tovar ta nuna wani zane mai gilashi a gidanta wanda ta ƙara sabbin siffofi kowace shekara. Baya ga bincike da hotunan gargajiya, Tovar ta gwada kayan aiki kuma ta saba da gilashin da ke ba da kamannin ƙarfe ga tukwanenta. Ta kuma yi amfani da murhunta don ƙirƙirar faranti na gilashi, waɗanda ta yi wa ado da hoton ganye da tsire-tsire. A cikin 1962, ta sami lambar zinare a nunin kasa da kasa na yumbura na zamani a Prague kuma a cikin 1965 ta sami lambar azurfa a Exposition Internationale, les émaux dans la céramique actuelle a Musée Ariana (Musée suisse de la céramique et du verre) a Geneva .

 Manazarta 
Kirkham, Pat; Weber, Susan (2013). History of Design: Decorative Arts and Material Culture, 1400?2000. Yale UP. p. 593. ISBN 9780300196146.
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902