Dangantaka tsakanin ilimi da HIV / AIDS

An san ilimi a matsayin abin da ke tantance lafiyar jama'a . [1] [2] An kuma gano ilimi a matsayin allurar rigakafi ta zamantakewa daga kamuwa da cutar HIV. [3] Bincike ya nuna cewa akwai mummunan dangantaka tsakanin cimma ilimi (shekarun ilimi) da kuma yawan kamuwa da cutar HIV, musamman cimma nasarar ilimi ga mata da 'yan mata. [4] [5] [6]

Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya, da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) tana da nufin tabbatar da cewa dukkan mutane, a ciki da wajen ilimi, suna da damar samun cikakken ilimin HIV. [1] UNESCO ita ce wacce ta kafa UNAIDS, kuma tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin hadin gwiwa, UNESCO ta buga Jagorar Fasaha ta Duniya kan Ilimin Jima'i a shekarar 2018. [2] [3] Wannan rahoton ya bayar da jagororin da suka dogara da shaida don haɓakawa da aiwatar da cikakken manhajar ilimin jima'i ga matasa.

 Samuwar bayanai game da cutar HIV/AIDS 
Ilimi wani muhimmin abu ne wajen inganta lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar gina wa mutane damar sarrafa da fahimtar haɗarin da ke tattare da annobar cutar HIV/AIDS . Rashin isasshen bayani ya zama abin da ke haifar da yaduwar cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STDs). Rashin bayyana HIV/AIDS a matsayin cutar 'yan luwaɗi ya sa masu son jinsi ɗaya waɗanda ke shiga cikin halayen jima'i masu haɗari su ci gaba ba tare da la'akari da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ba. 

Binciken bayanai da aka tattara a Sydney, Ostiraliya a shekarar 2007 ya gano cewa a cikin manya 236, masu shekaru 20 zuwa 65, waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi sun damu da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar HIV/AIDS da ake yadawa ta hanyar saduwa ta yau da kullun, wanda hakan ya haifar da rashin amincewa da luwaɗi da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Akasin haka, an nuna cewa waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi masu ilimi sosai ba su da yawan kimanta yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar HIV ta hanyar saduwa ta yau da kullun idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ilimi. 

A wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2011, ɗalibai 1 cikin 4 masu shekaru 16 zuwa sama a Ingila sun ce ba su koyi komai game da cutar HIV/AIDS a makaranta ba, duk da cewa koyon cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i wajibi ne ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a Ingila da Wales. 

 Canje-canje a ra'ayi da ilimi 

 Zagi 
Ƙiyayya da ke tattare da waɗanda ke ɗauke da cutar HIV/AIDS a ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara na hana mutane da yawa yin gwaji. Yayin da ilimin boko ke ci gaba da canza ra'ayi game da waɗanda ke ɗauke da cutar HIV/AIDS, rage ƙyamar yana ƙara inganta dabarun rigakafi. 

Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2016 a cikin ƙungiyoyin addini na Afirka-Amurka da ke South Carolina, Amurka ya gano cewa matakin ilimi yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin matakan nuna wariya game da HIV/AIDS. 

 Ingancin kai 
Wani bita na tsari na 2020 ya nuna cewa ilimin kuɗi ya ƙara ingancin kai da kuma rage raunin kamuwa da cutar HIV a cikin matasa a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaitan kuɗi. A cikin yawancin nazarin da aka yi a cikin bitar, an haɗa ilimin kuɗi da ilimin lafiyar jima'i da/ko shawara. 

 Tasiri kan yawan kamuwa da cuta da sauran sakamako 

 Yawan kamuwa da cuta 
A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, gabatar da bayanai marasa inganci a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya haifar da raguwar adadin HIV a tsakanin masu ilimi, yana nuna cewa suna da ƙwarewar fahimta da ake buƙata don tantance matakan daidaito daban-daban da kuma samar da martani mai inganci. Smith, William; Salinas, Daniel; Baker, David P. (2012-01-01), Alexander, W. Wiseman; Ryan, N. Glover (eds.), "Multiple Effects of Education on Disease: The Intriguing Case of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa", The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education Worldwide, International Perspectives on Education and Society, vol. 18, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 79–104, doi:10.1108/s1479-3679(2012)0000018007, ISBN 978-1-78190-233-2 Ƙara kwarin gwiwa da ake buƙata don nazarin haɗarin mutum da zaɓin ɗabi'a ya ƙaru ta hanyar iyawar fahimta da ilimin hukuma ya inganta, wanda ke nuna alaƙa kai tsaye. 

Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2018 na bayanai daga sama da mutane 500,000 a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya nuna cewa kammala makarantar sakandare ga mata yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar HIV .  Duk da haka, kammala makarantar firamare kaɗai, ba tare da kammala makarantar sakandare ba, yana da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar HIV fiye da rashin kammala makarantar firamare.

Wani bita na 2018 kan nazarin da aka gudanar a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya gano shaida cewa tallafin da ake bayarwa ga makarantar 'yan mata da matasa mata yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kamuwa da cutar HIV .  Nau'ikan tallafi sun haɗa da canja wurin kuɗi zuwa ga iyalai, tallafin ilimi (kamar kuɗin makaranta da ake biya a madadin ɗalibai), asusun ajiya da ƙananan bashi, da kuma horar da sana'o'i.

 Shawarar gwajin HIV 
A Zambia, wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2018 kan mata sama da 15,000 masu shekarun haihuwa ya gano cewa akwai alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin cimma ilimi da kuma ɗaukar gwajin HIV/AIDS .  An bayar da rahoton irin wannan sakamakon a cikin wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2020 kan mata 2660 a Ghana . 

 Ingancin magunguna da mace-mace 
Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan kusan marasa lafiya 25,000 na Turai waɗanda suka fara maganin haɗin gwiwa na maganin hana kamuwa da cutar kansa (cART) tsakanin 1996 da 2013 ya gano cewa marasa lafiya da ke da ƙarancin shekaru na ilimi suna da mummunan martani ga cART da ƙarancin rayuwa. 

 Sharhi 
Nazarin ingancin shirye-shiryen ilimin HIV sau da yawa ya dogara ne akan bayanan da aka bayar game da ilimi da ɗabi'a, wanda ke haifar da ƙiyayya ga sha'awar zamantakewa idan waɗanda abin ya shafa suka ba da rahoton abin da suke tunanin mai yin tambayoyin yana son tunani.  Ƙarfafa ɗaliban Kenya su rubuta muƙaloli kan yadda za su kare kansu daga HIV/AIDS ya haifar da ƙaruwar amfani da kwaroron roba ba tare da ƙaruwar ayyukan jima'i da kansu suka bayar ba. Babu wata shaida da za ta tantance ko ƙaruwar amfani da kwaroron roba da ɗalibai ke yi ya yi daidai da raguwar ainihin cutar HIV/AIDS. 

Binciken farko da aka gudanar a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya gano cewa ilimi a hukumance a matsayin abin da ke haifar da haɗari, inda mutane masu ilimi suka fi kamuwa da cutar.  Wasu bincike sun gano cewa samun ilimi yana rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar HIV/AIDS ga 'yan mata da mata, amma ba ya shafar ko ma ya ƙara ta'azzara haɗarin yara maza da maza.  Lucas, Adrienne M.; Wilson, Nicholas L. (2019-10-03). "Schooling, Wealth, Risky Sexual Behaviour, and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa". The Journal of Development Studies. 55 (10): 2177–2192. doi:10.1080/00220388.2018.1493195. ISSN 0022-0388. S2CID 158121055.

 Duba kuma 

 Rigakafin cutar HIV/AIDS
 Ilimin jima'i
 Wariya ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV/AIDS
 Tasirin tattalin arziki na cutar HIV/AIDS
 Cibiyoyin ilimi da horo na AIDS
 Kauracewa, ka yi aminci, yi amfani da kwaroron roba
 TeachAids

 Nassoshi 

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