Clarice Cliff

Clarice Cliff (20 ga Janairu 1899 - 23 Oktoba 1972) ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma mai zane na yumbu na Ingila. Daga 1922 zuwa 1963, Cliff ya zama shugaban sashen kera masana'antar tukwane ta Newport.

 Rayuwar farko 
Kakannin Cliff sun ƙaura daga yankin Eccleshall zuwa Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent, a kusan shekara ta 1725. An haifi Cliff a farfajiyar wani ƙaramin gida a titin Meir a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1899.  Mahaifinta, Harry Thomas Cliff, yana aiki a wani kamfanin hakar ƙarfe a Tunstall . Mahaifiyarta Ann (ɗan Machin) tana wanke tufafi don ƙara wa iyalin kuɗin shiga. Suna da 'ya'ya bakwai.  

An tura Cliff zuwa wata makaranta daban da ta 'yan uwanta. Bayan makaranta, za ta ziyarci goggon ta, wacce mai fenti ce da hannu.   Ta yi samfuran takarda da mache a makaranta ga wani kamfanin tukwane na gida. 

A lokacin da take da shekaru 13, Cliff ta fara aiki a masana'antar tukwane a matsayin mai yin zinare . Ta ƙara layukan zinare a kan tukwane na gargajiya. Daga baya, ta koyi zane-zane da hannu a wani wurin ajiye tukwane .  Ta kuma yi karatun fasaha da sassaka a Makarantar Fasaha ta Burslem .

 Farkon aikina 
A shekarar 1916, Cliff ta ƙaura zuwa masana'antar AJ Wilkinson da ke Newport, Burslem, don ƙara damarta ta aiki. Yawancin matasan mata a Staffordshire Potteries za su ci gaba da aiki a fannin aikin da suka fara ƙwarewa don ƙara kuɗin shigarsu sama da ƙimar 'albashin masu koyon aiki'. Cliff ta zaɓi kada ta bi wannan hanyar gargajiya; maimakon haka ta sami ƙwarewa da yawa, kamar yin zane-zanen siffofi da tukwane, yin zinare, ajiye littattafan zane, da kayan zane da hannu. Zane-zanen hannu sun haɗa da zana zane, yin ado da ɗaurewa (zanen madauri a kan faranti ko tasoshin ruwa). A farkon shekarun 1920, manajan kayan ado Jack Walker ya jawo hankalin Cliff ga ɗaya daga cikin masu masana'antar, Arthur Colley Austin Shorter. Shorter ta kula da ƙwarewarta a fannin yumbu kuma ta ba ta sarari don bincika ra'ayoyinta. Ya yi aure, amma daga baya ya auri Cliff bayan matarsa ta mutu (Cliff da Shorter sun yi aure a watan Disamba 1940). Bayan lokaci, Cliff ta haɓaka ƙwarewarta kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal kuma ta ziyarci Paris. 
A cikin salo daban-daban, an yi amfani da tambarin baya na farko da aka buga 'Bizarre' a kan kayan Clarice Cliff daga 1928 zuwa farkon 1936. An ba Cliff horo na biyu yana da shekaru 25 (1924). Ta yi aiki a AJ Wilkinson's, galibi a matsayin 'mai ƙira' kuma ta yi aiki tare da masu tsara masana'anta John Butler da Fred Ridgway. Sun samar da kayan tarihi na zamani, irin na Victorian. [1] Daga ƙarshe, an gane ƙwarewar Cliff iri-iri, kuma a 1927 an ba ta ɗakin studio a Newport Pottery da ke maƙwabtaka, wanda Arthur Colley Austin Shorter ya saya a 1920. [2] A nan, an ba Cliff damar yin ado da wasu tsoffin kayan tarihi masu lahani a cikin tsarin hannunta na hannu. Ta yi amfani da launukan enamel na kan gilashi don waɗannan, wanda ya ba da damar yin palette mai haske fiye da launukan ƙarƙashin gilashi.

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutuwan  1972