Elizabeth Alexander (mai waka)

Elizabeth Alexander (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1962) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, marubuciya, kuma malamar adabi wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar gidauniyar Andrew W. Mellon tun daga shekarar 2018.

A da, Alexander farfesa ce ta tsawon shekaru 15 a Jami'ar Yale, inda ta koyar da waƙoƙi kuma ta jagoranci sashen nazarin Afirka-Amurkawa . A shekarar 2015, an naɗa ta darakta a fannin kerawa da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a Gidauniyar Ford .  Daga nan ta shiga sashen Jami'ar Columbia a shekarar 2016, a matsayin Farfesa Wun Tsun Tam Mellon a fannin Ilimin Dan Adam a Sashen Turanci da Adabin Kwatanta.    A shekarar 2022, Time ta naɗa Alexander a cikin Mutane 100 Mafi Tasiri a Duniya . 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Alexander a Harlem, birnin New York, kuma ya girma a Washington, DC. Ita 'yar tsohon Sakataren Sojoji na Amurka kuma Shugaban Hukumar Daidaito ta Ma'aikata Clifford Alexander Jr.  da Adele Logan Alexander, farfesa a tarihin mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka a Jami'ar George Washington kuma marubuciya.  Ɗan'uwanta Mark C. Alexander babban mai ba da shawara ne ga kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa na Barack Obama kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar miƙa mulki ta shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa.  Bayan an haife ta, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Washington, DC. Tana ƙarama lokacin da iyayenta suka kai ta a watan Agusta na 1963 zuwa wurin da aka yi wa sanannen jawabin Martin Luther King Jr. mai suna " I Have A Dream ". Alexander ya tuna cewa "Siyasa tana cikin ruwan sha a gidana". Ta kuma yi wasan ballet tun tana ƙarama.  

Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Abokan Sidwell a shekarar 1980. Daga nan ta tafi Jami'ar Yale kuma ta kammala karatunta da digiri na farko a shekarar 1984. Ta yi karatun waƙa a Jami'ar Boston a ƙarƙashin Derek Walcott kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1987. Mahaifiyarta ta ce mata: "Wannan mawaƙin da kike so, Derek Walcott, yana koyarwa a Jami'ar Boston. Me ya sa ba ki nema ba?" Alexander ya fara karatun rubuce-rubucen almara, amma Walcott ya duba littafin tarihinta ya ga ƙarfin waƙar. Alexander ya ce, "Ya ba ni babbar kyauta. Ya ɗauki tarin kalmomi kuma ya tsara su. Kuma na gan su."  

A shekarar 1992, ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin Turanci daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Yayin da take kammala digirinta, ta koyar a Kwalejin Haverford da ke kusa daga 1990 zuwa 1991. A wannan lokacin, ta buga aikinta na farko, The Venus Hottentot . Sunan ya fito ne daga Sarah Baartman, wata mace 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙarni na 19 daga ƙabilar Khoikhoi .   Alexander ɗalibi ne na gidauniyar Ragdale .

 Aikin ilimi 
A lokacin da take ɗaliba ta digiri, ta kasance mai ba da rahoto ga jaridar The Washington Post daga 1984 zuwa 1985.  Ba da daɗewa ba ta fahimci cewa "ba rayuwar da nake so ba ce."  Ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Chicago a shekarar 1991 a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin Turanci. A nan ne ta fara haduwa da shugaban ƙasa mai jiran gado Barack Obama, wanda babban malami ne a makarantar shari'a ta makarantar daga 1992 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a 2004. A lokacin da take Chicago a 1992, ta sami gurbin karatu a fannin rubuce-rubuce daga National Endowment for the Arts .  

A shekarar 1996, ta buga wani kundin waƙoƙi, Body of Life, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na baiti, Diva Studies, wanda aka shirya a Jami'ar Yale . Ta kuma zama memba na farko na malamai a taron bita na Cave Canem wanda ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka mawakan Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka. A shekarar 1997, ta sami lambar yabo ta Quantrell ta Jami'ar Chicago saboda ƙwarewa a koyarwa ta digiri na farko. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta ƙaura zuwa Massachusetts don koyarwa a Kwalejin Smith . Ta zama mawaƙiyar Grace Hazard Conkling a mazauninta kuma darektan farko na Cibiyar Waƙoƙi ta Kwalejin.  A shekarar 2000, ta koma Jami'ar Yale, inda za ta koyar da karatun Baƙar fata da Turanci. Ta kuma fitar da kundin waƙoƙinta na uku, Littafin Mafarkin Antebellum .  A shekarar 2005, an zaɓe ta a cikin ajin farko na Alphonse Fletcher Foundation fellows, kuma a shekarar 2007–08, ta kasance malamar jami'a a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba ta Radcliffe da ke Harvard . 

A shekara ta 2007, Alexander ta zama wacce ta fara cin kyautar Jackson Poetry Prize, wata kyauta ta shekara-shekara da Poets &amp; Writers ke bayarwa wadda "ke girmama wani mawaƙi ɗan Amurka mai hazaka mai ban mamaki wanda ya cancanci a yaba masa sosai."  Tun daga shekara ta 2008, Alexander ta jagoranci sashen nazarin Afirka ta Amurka a Jami'ar Yale. A halin yanzu tana koyar da harsunan Ingilishi / adabi, adabi na Baƙar fata da nazarin jinsi a Yale. A shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi Alexander a matsayin Chancellor na Kwalejin Mawakan Amurka .  A shekara ta 2016, ta zama Farfesa Wun Tsun Tam Mellon a fannin Bil Adama a Jami'ar Columbia .   Jami'ar Yale ta ba ta digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Letters a 2018.  An zaɓe ta a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2019.  A shekara ta 2020 an zaɓe ta a Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka . 

 Ayyuka 
An buga waƙoƙin Alexander, gajerun labarai da rubuce-rubucen suka sosai a cikin irin waɗannan mujallu da mujallu kamar: The Paris Review , American Poetry Review , The Kenyon Review , The Village Voice , Poetry magazine, The Women's Review of Books, da The Washington Post . Wasan kwaikwayo na Diva Studies, wanda aka yi a Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Yale, ya sami lambar yabo ta National Endowment for the Arts creative writing adventure da kuma lambar yabo ta Illinois Arts Council . 

Kundin waƙoƙinta na 2005 American Sublime yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane uku da suka yi nasara a gasar Pulitzer Prize ta wannan shekarar.  Alexander kuma ƙwararren masani ne a adabi da al'adu na Baƙar fata-Amurka kuma kwanan nan ya buga tarin kasidu mai taken The Black Interior.  Alexander ya sami kyautar Anisfield-Wolf Book Award Lifetime Achievement in Poetry a 2010. 

 Bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasar Amurka na 2009 
A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2009, a lokacin rantsar da Barack Obama a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Alexander ta karanta waƙarta mai suna " Waƙar Godiya ga Ranar ", wadda ta rubuta don wannan biki.   Ta zama mawaƙiya ta huɗu da ta karanta a bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasar Amurka, bayan Robert Frost a shekarar 1961, Maya Angelou a shekarar 1993 da Miller Williams a shekarar 1997. 

Sanarwar zaɓenta ta samu karbuwa daga abokan aikinta mawaƙa Maya Angelou, Rita Dove, Paul Muldoon,  da Jay Parini, waɗanda suka yaba mata a matsayin "wayayye, mai ilimi sosai a cikin al'adun waƙa, mai gaskiya ga tushenta, mai amsawa ga al'adun baƙar fata." Gidauniyar Waƙoƙi ta kuma yaba da zaɓin: "Zaɓenta ya tabbatar da matsayin waƙar a cikin ruhin ƙasarmu."

Ko da yake an yaba wa zaɓin mawaƙin da ba a san shi sosai ba, wanda abokin Obama ne na kud da kud, amma ainihin waƙar da aka bayar ba ta yi kyau ba.  Chicago Tribune, editan littafin Los Angeles Times, da yawancin masu suka sun gano cewa "waƙarta ta yi kama da waƙar da aka rubuta," kuma "ba ta cika da abubuwan ban mamaki ba." Adam Kirsch na The New Republic ya ga waƙar "ba ta da daɗi, 'ma'aikatan gwamnati' kuma ya gano cewa ta tabbatar da cewa 'matsayin mawaƙin ba ya kan dandamali amma yana cikin taron jama'a, cewa ya kamata ta yi magana ba don mutane ba amma ga su." 

Alexander ta rubuta game da gogewarta ta karatu a bikin rantsar da shugabanni a jaridar The New Yorker a watan Janairun 2017. Alexander ta kawo mahaifinta, wanda ya halarci taron gangamin 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, ya zauna kusa da ita a bikin rantsar da shugabanni. A lokacin gwajin bikin rantsar da shugabanni, Alexander ta karanta wakar Gwendolyn Brooks mai suna "ginin kicin".

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Mahaifiyar Alexander memba ce ta dangin Logan, wani ɓangare na tsofaffin ɗaliban Afirka-Amurkawa . Kakanta shine Dr. Arthur C. Logan kuma kakanta ita ce Dr. Myra Adele Logan . Alexander ya auri Ficre Ghebreyesus har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Afrilun 2012. Tana zaune tare da 'ya'yansu maza biyu a birnin New York . Alexander, Elizabeth (May 9, 2000). "Elizabeth Alexander - Poet - Academy of American Poets". Elizabeth Alexander. Retrieved December 10, 2018. Ita memba ce ta ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha .  A shekarar 2010, Alexander ta shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen PBS na Henry Louis Gates Jr. Faces of America, wanda ya binciki asalinta kuma ya yi nazarin DNA ɗinta. 

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 Nazarce-nazarce masu zurfi da bita kan ayyukan Alexander 

   Review of The Light of the World.


 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba