Milan Kundera

Milan Kundera (UK: /ˈkʊndərə, ˈkʌn-/ KU (U) N-dər-ə;   [ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra] i; 1 ga Afrilu 1929 - 11 ga Yulin 2023) marubuci ne na Czech da Faransa. Kundera ya tafi gudun hijira a Faransa a 1975, ya sami 'yan ƙasa a 1981. An soke shi dan kasar Czechoslovakia a shekarar 1979, amma an ba shi matsayin dan kasar Czech a shekarar 2019. 

Ayyukan da aka fi sani da Kundera shine The Unbearable Lightness of Being . Kafin Juyin Juya Halin Velvet na 1989, Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Czechoslovakia da ke mulki ta haramta littattafansa. Ya jagoranci rayuwa mai ƙarancin gaske kuma yana magana da wuya ga kafofin watsa labarai.[1] An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai neman Kyautar Nobel a cikin wallafe-wallafen kuma ya kasance mai gabatarwa ga wasu kyaututtuka.

Kundera ta sami lambar yabo ta Urushalima a shekarar 1985, lambar yabo ta Austrian State for European Literature a shekarar 1987, da kuma lambar yabo ta Herder a shekarar 2000. A cikin 2021, ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Order of Merit daga shugaban Slovenia, Borut Pahor . 

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Milan Kundera a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1929 a Purkyňova 6 (6 Purkyně Street) a Královo Pole, wani gundumar Brno, Czechoslovakia (Jamhuriyar Czech ta yanzu), ga dangin matsakaicin matsayi. Mahaifinsa, Ludvík Kundera (1891-1971), ya kasance babban Masanin kiɗa na Czech kuma dan wasan piano wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Janáček a Brno daga 1948 zuwa 1961.   Mahaifiyarsa Milada Kunderová (an haife ta Janošíková)  malama ce. Mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekara ta 1971, kuma mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 1975.

Kundera ya koyi yin piano daga mahaifinsa kuma daga baya ya yi karatun ilimin kiɗa da waƙoƙin kiɗa. Ana iya samun tasirin kiɗa, nassoshi da bayanin kula a duk aikinsa. Kundera dan uwan marubucin Czech ne kuma mai fassara Ludvík Kundera .  A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, bayan mahaifinsa ya goyi bayansa a cikin ilimin kiɗa, yana gwada iyawarsa a matsayin mawaƙi. Clavel, André, ""L'intransigeant amoureux de la France"" L'Express, 3 April 2003 Ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a lokacin shine Pavel Haas .  Hanyar da ya yi wa kiɗa ta ragu saboda mahaifinsa bai iya ƙaddamar da aikin piano ba don dagewa kan kunna kiɗa na mawaki na zamani na Yahudawa Arnold Schoenberg . 

A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha takwas, ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Czechoslovakia a shekarar 1947.  A shekara ta 1984, ya tuna cewa "Kwamishinanci ya janye ni kamar Stravinsky, Picasso da Surrealism".

Ya halarci laccoci kan kiɗa da abun da ke ciki a Jami'ar Charles da ke Prague amma nan da nan ya koma Makarantar Fim da Talabijin ta Kwalejin Fasaha a Prague (FAMU) don nazarin fim. A shekara ta 1950, an kore shi daga jam'iyyar. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Kwalejin Fim ta nada Kundera a matsayin malami a cikin wallafe-wallafen duniya a shekarar 1952.  Bayan mamayewar Warsaw Pact na Czechoslovakia a 1968, ya rasa aikinsa a Kwalejin Fim.  A shekara ta 1956, Kundera ya kuma yi aure a karo na farko, mawaƙan opera Olga Haas, 'yar mawaƙan da malaminsa Pavel Haas da likitan asalin Rasha Sonia Jakobson, matar farko ta Roman Jakobson.  

 Yunkurin siyasa da sana'a 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929