Joseph Nehama

J 

oseph Nehama (Maris 17, 1881 - Oktoba 29, 1971) malamin Yahudawa ne kuma ɗan tarihi daga Salonika . Ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin banki kuma ya tsira daga Holocaust ta hanyar guduwa zuwa Athens. Bayan yaƙi, ya zama mai ba da shawara ga addinin Zionism. 

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Nehama a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1881, a Salonika, Daular Ottoman .  Ya kasance dangi na rabbi Judah Nehama , kuma ya yi karatu a Ecole Normale Orientale, makarantar horar da malamai ta Alliance Israélite Universelle a Paris. A matsayinsa na malami da shugaban makaranta na Alliance Israélite Universelle na gida, Nehama ya ba da rayuwarsa ga ilimantar da tsararraki da yawa na matasa na Salonikan. Tare da kasancewa malami, ya rubuta game da tarihin Al'ummar Yahudawa ta Salonika, daga ƙarshe ya buga kundi bakwai da aka saita a 1913 ta hanyar Faransa. Ya buga a karkashin sunan 'Pepo Risal'.

A matsayinsa na marubuci, Nehama zai zama sananne ba kawai saboda tarihinsa na al'ummar da ke zaune a kasashen waje ba, amma saboda aikinsa a kan Yahudanci-Spanish. Zai kirkiro kuma ya buga cikakkiyar ƙamus ta Yahudanci-Spanish zuwa Faransanci. Kalmominsa, wanda aka gani a matsayin mafi yawan encyclopedia saboda girmansa, zai zama kayan aiki wajen daidaita harshe.

Nehama zai zama shugaban al'umma na yankin ga ƙungiyar da ba ta Zionist ba. Ya kasance babban jagora na al'umma a cikin shekarun 1930 wanda ya ƙarfafa Yahudawa su zauna a Salonika kuma kada su yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu ta Burtaniya.[1] Za a gano shi a matsayin shugaban Maskilim saboda waɗannan matsayi da shawarwari.[2]

A lokacin yakin duniya na lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya da Faransa suka shiga Thessaloniki, Nehama zai shiga tsakani a madadin Avanti, wata jarida ta gida da ta yi tsayayya da shigar Girka cikin yakin, wanda aka rufe ta hanyar umarnin gwamnati. Ya samu nasarar samun jaridar don sake samun haƙƙin bugawa saboda alaƙar da yake da ita da Sojojin Faransa.

Baya ga ayyukansa a matsayin malami, Nehama ya kasance ɗan kasuwa. Ya kafa Bankin Tarayyar Salonika tare da ɗan'uwansa Albert a 1926. 

A lokacin Holocaust, Nehama ya tsere wa Nazis a Salonika ta hanyar guduwa zuwa Athens. Koyaya sun kama shi kuma sun kore shi a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1944, zuwa sansanin Bergen-Belsen. Sojojin Amurka ne suka 'yantar da shi a kwanakin karshe na yakin duniya na biyu.

Bayan an sake shi daga Bergen-Belsen, Nehama ya lalace ta hanyar lalata al'ummar Yahudawa ta Salonika. Ya ji da kansa yana da alhakin saboda matsayinsa na baya game da barin Salonika zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila. Ya yi amfani da waɗannan kuzari zuwa ga goyon bayan Zionist da yin rikodin halakar al'ummar Yahudawa na Girka.

Nehama ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1971. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba