Howard Marks (mai saka hannun jari)

Howard Stanley Marks (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin Oaktree Capital Management, babban mai zuba jari a fannin tsaro a duniya. A shekara ta 2022, tare da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 2.2, Marks ya kasance a matsayi na 1365 a jerin attajiran Forbes . 

Rubuce-rubucen Marks, waɗanda ake kira "memos", suna da matuƙar daraja a cikin al'ummar masu zuba jari. Suna yin cikakken bayani game da dabarun saka hannun jari da fahimtarsa game da tattalin arziki kuma ana buga su a bainar jama'a a gidan yanar gizon Oaktree. Ya kuma buga littattafai 3 kan saka hannun jari.   A cewar Warren Buffett, "Lokacin da na ga rubuce-rubuce daga Howard Marks a cikin wasiƙuna, su ne abu na farko da na buɗe na karanta. Kullum ina koyon wani abu, kuma hakan ya ninka na littafinsa." 

Marks ya mayar da hankali kan kula da haɗari kuma ya ce ya kamata masu zuba jari su tsara dabarun saka hannun jari bisa ga yanayin da suke ciki na kashin kansu kuma su tambayi kansu ko suna damuwa da haɗarin rasa kuɗi ko kuma haɗarin rasa wata dama.  Marks ya yi imanin cewa yana da wuya a sami fa'idar saka hannun jari ta hanyar bincike tunda mutane da yawa masu wayo suna yin sa; hanyoyin samun fa'ida sune ta hanyar fahimtar sakamakon da bayanan kamfanoni na yanzu ke nunawa, sarrafa ilimin halayyar saka hannun jari, da kuma tantance matakin da ake ciki na kasuwar/zagayen kasuwa. Yana fatan samun matsakaicin riba a lokacin kasuwar bijimi, yayin da yake rage asara a lokacin kasuwannin beyar saboda imaninsa cewa asara tana yin illa fiye da kowace fa'ida da masu zuba jari ke samu daga riba. Marks ya fi son amfani da dabarun lokaci na kasuwa don samun kuɗin da za a saka a lokacin koma baya.  Marks ya lura cewa yana da mahimmanci ga masu zuba jari su yarda da abin da ba su sani ba maimakon yarda cewa wani abu tabbatacce ne. Yana nufin "matsakaicin bugun" fiye da "gudun gida". 

Asusun da Marks ke jagoranta sun samar da ribar dogon lokaci da kashi 19% a kowace shekara. Masu zuba jari galibi su ne asusun fansho da asusun dukiya mai iko .

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Marks a shekarar 1946 kuma ya girma a Queens, New York .   Duk da cewa iyalansa Yahudawa ne, amma ya girma a matsayin Masanin Kimiyyar Kirista .  Ya halarci Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania  don karatun digiri na farko inda ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Pi Kappa Alpha . Ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1967 tare da babban digiri a fannin kuɗi da ƙaramin digiri a fannin Nazarin Japan.  name="biggest"  A shekarar 1969, yana da shekaru 23, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci a fannin Lissafi da Talla daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Booth ta Jami'ar Chicago inda ya lashe kyautar George Hay Brown. name="bio"> A shekarar 1975 ya zama mai riƙe da takardar izinin CFA . 

 Sana'a 

 Citicorp 
Daga 1969 zuwa 1978, Marks ya yi aiki a Citicorp, da farko a matsayin mai nazarin harkokin hannun jari sannan kuma a matsayin Daraktan Bincike na kamfanin.  Daga 1978 zuwa 1985, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, da kuma babban manajan fayil mai kula da basussuka masu canzawa da masu yawan riba . "Biography: Howard Marks". Oaktree Capital Management. Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2016-09-20. Citibank ya ba shi damar komawa Los Angeles a 1980 don gudanar da asusun riba mai yawa. Ya haɗu da Michael Milken a 1979 a Century City kuma ya yi tunanin cewa aikin Milken zai zama kyakkyawan misali ga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard. 

 Ƙungiyar TCW 
A shekarar 1985, Marks ya shiga TCW Group inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyoyin da ke da alhakin saka hannun jari a cikin basussuka masu yawan riba da kuma takardun kuɗi masu canzawa, kuma a shekarar 1988 shi da Bruce Karsh suka kafa ɗaya daga cikin asusun bashi na farko da aka samu matsala daga wata babbar cibiyar kuɗi. A shekarar 1995, shi da Karsh, da wasu mutane 3 sun yanke shawarar barin kamfaninsu kuma suka roƙi TCW da ya bar su su ci gaba da sarrafa kudaden da suka sarrafa a TCW, wanda hakan ya ba TCW wani ɓangare na kuɗin gudanarwa;  lokacin da TCW ta ƙi, abokan hulɗa 5 sun bar kamfanin suka kafa Oaktree Capital Management a Los Angeles .    

 Itacen Oak 
Bayan an kafa shi a shekarar 1995, Oaktree ya girma cikin sauri, yana mai da hankali kan bashin da ke da yawan riba, bashin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali, da kuma hannun jari na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. 

A lokacin rikicin kuɗi na 2008, Oaktree ya tara dala biliyan 10.9, mafi girman asusun bashi da aka taɓa samu a tarihi, don siyan kadarorin da suka shiga mawuyacin hali, waɗanda "suka biya wa masu zuba jarinsa lada mai yawa". 

A watan Afrilun 2012, Oaktree ya zama kamfani na jama'a ta hanyar tayin farko na jama'a a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York, inda ya tara dala miliyan 380 ta hanyar sayar da hannun jari miliyan 8.84 akan dala 43 kowanne. 

A watan Maris na 2019, Brookfield Asset Management ta sami kashi 62% na Oaktree. Marks da sauran membobin Oaktree suna da kashi 38% na kamfanin kuma suna da cikakken iko kan ayyukan yau da kullun na Oaktree. 

 Ƙungiyoyi 
Daga 2000 zuwa 2010, ya jagoranci Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Amintattu a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. "Biography: Howard Marks". Oaktree Capital Management. Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2016-09-20. Shi memba ne na Ƙungiyar Masu Nazarin Tsaro ta New York kuma yana shugabantar Kwamitocin Zuba Jari na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan, inda yake amintacce, da Makarantar Zane ta Royal (London). 

Mark ne ke da kamfanin da ke da gidan da ya kai dala miliyan 23.8 (farashin siyan sa na 2009) a unguwar Kukio da ke Hawaii. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Auren Marks na farko ya ƙare da saki. Yana da ɗa, Andrew, tare da matarsa ta biyu Nancy (wanda aka haifa a matsayin Freeman), da kuma 'ya mace, Jane Hait, daga auren Nancy na farko.  Andrew babban abokin tarayya ne na kamfanin jari na TQ Ventures.  Jane ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar Cibiyar Fasaha, Bincike da Haɗin gwiwa mai zaman kanta. 

 Taimakon jama'a 
A shekarar 1992, Marks ya kafa Howard S. Marks Terms Scholarship don samar da tallafin karatu mai sabuntawa ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri a Jami'ar Pennsylvania . A shekarar 2009 ya ba wa Cibiyar Rubutu ta Iyali ta Marks a jami'ar.

A watan Maris na 2023, Nancy da Howard Marks sun ba da kyautar dala miliyan 5 ga Jami'ar California, Los Angeles don ba wa shugaban malamai wanda Mataimakin Shugabar Binciken Lafiyar Mata a sashen kula da mata da haihuwa a Makarantar Magunguna ta David Geffen da ke UCLA ke jagoranta. Kyautar za ta samar da albarkatu don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa binciken lafiyar mata a UCLA Health ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin fitaccen masanin kimiyya. 

 Gidajen zama 
A shekarar 2010, Marks ya sayi wani kadara a gabar teku a East Hampton kan dala miliyan 30. A watan Mayun 2012, shi da matarsa sun sayi wani gida mai hawa biyu a 740 Park Avenue kan dala miliyan 52.5. A shekarar 2013, Marks ya sayar da gidansa da ke Malibu, California kan dala miliyan 75. A shekarar 2015, ya sayi gida a Beverly Hills kan dala miliyan 23.7. [undefined] A shekarar 2017, ya sayi gidan da ke kusa da gidansa a Beverly Hills kan dala miliyan 9.7. A shekarar 2019, ya sayi fakiti a Amagansett, New York, kusa da kadararsa ta East Hampton, kan dala miliyan 35.

 Alaƙa da siyasa 
Marks memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ya yi suka ga manufofin tattalin arziki na Donald Trump .  A shekarar 2016, ya bayar da gudummawar sama da dala 200,000 ga Asusun Nasara na Hillary da sauran ƙungiyoyi makamantan su.  Duk da haka, ya soki shirin haraji da Wakiliyar Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (wacce 'yar Democrat ce ke wakiltar wani ɓangare na New York) ta gabatar, yana mai cewa "yawancin ci gaban tattalin arzikin Amurka ya samo asali ne daga burin mutane na samun ƙarin rayuwa mafi kyau". 

 Littattafai 

 2011: Abu Mafi Muhimmanci: Hankali Mara Kyau Ga Mai Zuba Jari Mai Tunani 
 2012: Abu Mafi Muhimmanci da Aka Haska: Hankali Mara Kyau ga Mai Zuba Jari Mai Tunani 
 2018: Kwarewa a Tsarin Kasuwa: Samun Dama a Gefenka 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba