Walter Abish

Walter Abish (Disamba 24, 1931 - Mayu 28, 2022) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda aka haifa a Austria, wanda ya rubuta littattafan gwaji da gajerun labarai. An ba shi lambar yabo ta PEN/Faulkner don Almara a shekarar 1981, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta MacArthur Fellowship shekaru shida bayan haka.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Abish a Vienna a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1931.  Iyalinsa Bayahude ne.  Mahaifinsa, Adolph, yana aiki a matsayin mai turare ; mahaifiyarsa ita ce Friedl (Rubin).

Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara bakwai, ya gudu da iyalinsa daga hannun ' yan Nazi, ya fara tafiya zuwa Italiya da Nice . Sun zauna a Shanghai a shekarar 1940, birni mai 'yan gudun hijirar Yahudawa da yawa na Turai, inda suka zauna har zuwa 1949.

A shekarar 1949, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, inda Abish ya yi aiki a soja kuma ya fara sha'awar rubutu. Ya zauna a Amurka a shekarar 1957 kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka bayan shekaru uku. 

 Sana'a 
Abish ya buga littafinsa na farko, Alphabetical Africa, a shekarar 1974.   Littafin, wanda babi na farko da na ƙarshe suka yi amfani da kalmomi kawai da suka fara da harafin "A", an siffanta shi da Richard Howard a cikin Jaridar New York Times Book Review a matsayin "wani abu da ya fi wasan kwaikwayo, kodayake wasan kwaikwayo ne."  

Bayan haka sai tarin labaransa na farko, Minds Meet, ya biyo baya shekara guda, inda labari ɗaya ya yi hasashen Marcel Proust a cikin Albuquerque .  An fitar da tarinsa na biyu, In the Future Perfect, a cikin 1977 kuma ya haɗa kalmomi a cikin alamu na musamman don samar da wasannin haruffa.  A rubuce-rubuce a cikin The Tennessean, Alfred Sims ya lura cewa, kamar yadda yake a cikin aikin Abish na baya, "A nan kuma tsoffin dawakan yaƙi na labarin labari da labaran an sadaukar da su don yin tunani kan yanayi da amfani da harshe." 

An ba Abish tallafin karatu ga adabi daga National Endowment for the Arts a shekarar 1979. 

Ya buga wani littafi na biyu, How German Is It, a shekara mai zuwa. An san shi a matsayin aikinsa mafi shahara, wanda hakan ya ba shi kyautar PEN/Faulkner don Almara a 1981.   Daga cikin rubutun Abish, alkalan PEN/Faulkner ( William H. Gass, Tim O'Brien, Elizabeth Hardwick ) sun ce: "Yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye littafin Amurka a lokacinsa. Rubutun wannan littafin yana da sanyi kamar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin guguwa kuma kamar yadda ake tuƙawa." 

Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Guggenheim Fellowship (1981) da kuma lambar yabo ta MacArthur Fellowship (1987).  name="MacArthur"> Ya yi aiki a kwamitin edita mai ba da gudummawa na mujallar adabi ta Conjunctions . 

An fitar da tarin Abish na uku, 99: Sabuwar Ma'anar, a shekarar 1990 a matsayin "ƙarancin bugu na labaran haɗin gwiwa guda biyar". 

Littafinsa na ƙarshe, Eclipse Fever (1993), ya sami sharhi iri-iri, inda James Atlas ya bayyana jaruminsa a cikin Jaridar The Times Book Review a matsayin "ko da ga mai sukar adabi, wani abu mai ban haushi".  Amma Will Self, wanda ya yi bitar littafin a cikin Jaridar The Independent, ya rubuta: "Abish, ba kamar mai shirya fina-finai na jama'a ba, ba wai kawai yana samar da hotuna don a raba su tsakanin jama'a ba. Ya yayyaga hotunan da aka ɗauka daga kundin tarihin danginmu na al'ada kuma ya tura su cikin shirinsa na zane mai ban dariya. Dannawa daga shafi ɗaya zuwa na gaba, ba mu yi tunani a kan mutuwar almarar adabi ba amma a kan ƙarfinsa."

Abish ya yi aiki kuma ya koyar a Kwalejin Empire State, Kwalejin Wheaton, Jami'a a Buffalo, Jami'ar Jihar New York, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Brown, Jami'ar Yale, da Cooper Union .  Ya kuma yi aiki a hukumar PEN ta Duniya daga 1982 zuwa 1988. Ya kasance cikin kwamitin gwamnonin Gidauniyar Fasaha ta New York . An zabi Abish a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1998.   name="AAAS">

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Abish ya auri Cecile Gelb, mai daukar hoto da sassaka, a shekarar 1953. Sun ci gaba da aure har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ba su haifi 'ya'ya ba. 

Abish ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2022, a Dutsen Sinai Beth Israel da ke Manhattan tana da shekaru 90. 

 Littattafan tarihi 

 Shafin Duel - waƙoƙi, 1970  
 Afirka ta Haruffa  - labari, 1974 
 Minds Meet  - tarin labarai, 1975 
 In the Future Perfect  – tarin labarai, 1977 
 Yaya Jamusanci ( Wie deutsch ist es )  - novel, 1980 
 99: Sabuwar Ma'ana  - tarin labarai, 1990 
 Zazzabin Eclipse  - labari, 1993 
 Hangen nesa Biyu: Hoton Kai  - tarihin rayuwa, 2004 

 Kyaututtuka 

 1972 – Ɗan Majalisar Jihar New Jersey kan Fasaha 
 1974 – Tallafin Gidauniyar Rose Isabel Williams 
 1977 – Tallafin Gidauniyar Ingram Merrill 
 1979 – Abokin Aikin Ƙasa na Ƙasa don Fasaha 
 1981 - Hulɗar Guggenheim 
 1981 – Tallafin CAPS 
 1981 – Kyautar PEN/Faulkner don Almara 
 1985 – Abokin Aikin Ƙasa na Ƙasa don Fasaha Yaya Jamusanci Yake 
 1987 – Abokin Hulɗa na Sabis na Musayar Ilimi na Jamus 
 1987 - Shirin Abokan Hulɗa na MacArthur "Walter Abish". www.macfound.org. MacArthur Foundation. July 1, 1987. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
 1991 – Kyautar Kyauta ta Kwalejin Amurka da Cibiyar Fasaha da Wasiku don Littafin 
 1992 – Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund Fellowship 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba