Golda Meir

Golda Meir (a baya Meyerson; née Mabovitch; 3 ga Mayu 1898 - 8 ga Disamba 1978) ta kasance Firayim Minista na Isra'ila daga 1969 zuwa 1974. Ita ce ta farko a Isra'ila kuma, har zuwa yau, mace ce kawai shugabar gwamnati.

An haife ta a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a Kiev (a cikin Ukraine ta yanzu), Daular Rasha, Meir ta yi hijira tare da iyalinta zuwa Amurka a cikin 1906. Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Al'ada ta Jihar Milwaukee kuma ta sami aiki a matsayin malami. Yayinda take Milwaukee, ta rungumi ƙungiyar Labor Zionist . A cikin 1921, Meir da mijinta sun yi hijira zuwa Mandatory Palestine, suka ƙaura a kibbutz)" id="mwKw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Merhavia (kibbutz)">Merhavia, daga baya suka zama wakilin kibbutz ga Histadrut. A shekara ta 1934, an ɗaga ta zuwa kwamitin zartarwa na ƙungiyar kwadago. Meir ya rike manyan matsayi da yawa a cikin Hukumar Yahudawa a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II . Ta kasance mai sanya hannu kan sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila, a shekarar 1948. An zabi Meir a cikin Knesset, a 1949, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Kwadago har zuwa 1956, lokacin da Firayim Minista David Ben-Gurion ya nada ta Ministan Harkokin Waje. Ta yi ritaya daga ma'aikatar a shekarar 1966 saboda rashin lafiya.

A shekara ta 1969, Meir ya ɗauki matsayin Firayim Minista bayan mutuwar Levi Eshkol . Da farko a lokacin da ta yi aiki, ta yi ziyara ta diflomasiyya da yawa ga shugabannin yamma don inganta hangen nesa na zaman lafiya a yankin. Farkawar Yakin Yom Kippur a 1973 ya kama Isra'ila ba tare da tsaro ba kuma ya haifar da mummunan asarar farko a kan sojojin. Fushin jama'a da ya haifar ya lalata sunan Meir kuma ya haifar da bincike game da gazawar. An hana hadin gwiwar ta Alignment samun rinjaye a zaben majalisar dokoki na gaba; ta yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa kuma Yitzhak Rabin ya gaje ta a matsayin Firayim Minista. Meir ya mutu a shekara ta 1978 daga cutar lymphoma kuma an binne shi a Dutsen Herzl .

Wani mutum ne mai rikitarwa a Isra'ila, an sanya Meir a matsayin wanda ya kafa jihar kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "Iron Lady" na siyasar Isra'ila. Bugu da kari, an bayyana maganganun da ta yi wa Palasdinawa a matsayin sanannen misali na ƙin yarda da asalin Palasdinawa. Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa Meir ya fi nasara a matsayin Ministan Kwadago da Gidaje fiye da Firayim Minista.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Meir Golda Mabovitch a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1898 a cikin iyalin Yahudawa  a cikin garin Kiev (wanda Kyiv ke sani yanzu) a Ukraine ta yanzu, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha.  Iyayenta sune Blume Neiditch (ya mutu 1951) da Moshe Yitzhak Mabovitch (ya mutu 1944), masassaƙi. Meir ta rubuta a cikin tarihin rayuwarta cewa tunaninta na farko shine Moshe yana shiga ƙofar gaba don mayar da martani ga jita-jita game da kisan gilla. An sanya mata suna ne bayan kakarta ta Blume, Golde . Meir tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, Sheyna (an haife ta a shekara ta 1889) da Tzipke (wanda aka fi sani da Clara; an haife ta 1902), da kuma wasu' yan uwan biyar da suka mutu tun suna jariri.

Moshe ya bar Rasha don neman aiki a Birnin New York, Amurka, a cikin 1903. Lokacin da ba ya nan, sauran iyalin suka koma Pinsk, wani birni a Belarus ta yanzu, don shiga cikin iyalin Blume. A cikin 1905, Moshe ya koma Milwaukee, Wisconsin, don neman aiki mai biyan kuɗi kuma ya sami aiki a cikin bita na filin jirgin ƙasa na gida. A shekara mai zuwa, ya tara isasshen kuɗi don kawo iyalinsa zuwa Amurka. Meir, tare da Blume, Sheyna, da Tzipke, sun sauka a Quebec kuma sun yi tafiya zuwa Milwaukee ta jirgin kasa.Provizer, Norman; Wright, Claire. "Chronology of Golda Meir". Metropolitan State University of Denver. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2015.

Blume ya gudanar da kantin sayar da kayan masarufi a arewacin Milwaukee. Lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas, ana sanya Meir sau da yawa a matsayin mai kula da shagon lokacin da Blume ya tafi sayen kayayyaki. Meir ta halarci Makarantar Gidan Gida ta Hudu, wacce yanzu ake kira Golda Meir School, daga 1906 zuwa 1912. Shugabar da ta fara, ita da abokiyarta ta kusa, Regina Hamburger, sun shirya kungiyar 'yan uwa mata ta Amurka, mai tara kuɗi don biyan littattafan' yan ajin ta a cikin 1908. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan kungiyar, Meir ya yi hayar zauren kuma ya shirya taron jama'a don taron. Ta kammala karatu a matsayin mai gabatar da jawabi na aji duk da jinkirin da ake yi akai-akai saboda yin aiki a shagon Blume.[1]

A shekara ta 1912, Meir ya fara karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa Provizer, Norman; Wright, Claire. "Chronology of Golda Meir". Metropolitan State University of Denver. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2015. kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci. Ma'aikatanta sun hada da kantin sayar da kayan aiki na Shuster na kuma ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Milwaukee. Blume ya so Meir ta bar makaranta ta yi aure, amma na ƙarshe ya ki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">citation needed</span>]

 Dubi kuma 

 Taron Évian
 Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila
 Jerin Firayim Ministocin Isra'ila
 Jerin zaɓaɓɓun shugabannin mata da gwamnatoci

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba