Alton H. Maddox Jr.

Alton Henry Maddox Jr. (Yuli 21, 1945 - Afrilu 23, 2023) lauya ne na Amurka wanda ke da hannu a cikin manyan shari'o'in kare hakkin bil'adama a Birnin New York a cikin shekarun 1980. An dakatar da shi a shekarar 1990 saboda ya ki bayyana a gaban kwamitin horo da ke nazarin ayyukansa yayin da yake kare Tawana Brawley lokacin da ta yi ikirarin cewa fararen mutane shida ne suka yi mata fyade; ayyukansa sun hada da zargin lauyan gundumar daya daga cikin masu fyade shida. Bayan korar lauya, Maddox ya ci gaba da ba da shawara a fili don haƙƙin baƙar fata na New York da ake zargi da aikata laifuka. 

 Ilimi 
An haifi Maddox a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1945, a Inkster, Michigan, kuma ya girma a Newnan, Jojiya. Ya fara aiki a shekara ta 1976, bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Howard (BA, 1967) da kuma Makarantar Shari'a ta Kwalejin Boston (JD, 1971).

 Abokan ciniki 
Maddox represented several alleged victims including the family of Michael Stewart, a Brooklyn man who died while in custody of the New York City Transit Police.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)">citation needed</span>] Six officers were indicted for the death; all were found not guilty. Rudy Giuliani, then US Attorney in Manhattan, found insufficient evidence to warrant a federal grand jury investigation. A Metropolitan Transportation Authority report later faulted police for use of excessive force.

Maddox shi ne lauya ga Cedric Sandiford da dangin wanda aka Kashewa Michael Griffith a cikin Lamarin Howard Beach . Maddox da sauran lauyoyi sun bukaci a nada mai gabatar da kara na musamman a cikin shari'ar, kuma an ba da bukatar.[1] Maddox ya zargi Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Birnin New York da Kwamishinan Benjamin Ward da ɓoyewa.

Maddox ta wakilci Tawana Brawley a lokacin zargin fyade. Maddox, Al Sharpton, da C. Vernon Mason sun zargi Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Steven Pagones da sace da kuma fyade Brawley. Babban juri bai zargi Pagones ba.

Iyalin wanda aka kashe Yusuf Hawkins a cikin lamarin Bensonhurst kuma yana daya daga cikin abokan ciniki na Maddox.

Maddox ya wakilci masu tuhuma da yawa, ciki har da Michael Briscoe, wanda aka kama yayin binciken da ake zargin fyade da aka yi wa dan wasan tseren tsakiya. An sami Briscoe ba shi da laifi a wannan shari'ar.

A cikin 1990, sashen daukaka kara na Kotun Koli ta Jihar da ke Brooklyn ya dakatar da Maddox har abada bayan ya kasa bayyana a gaban sauraron horo don amsa zarge-zargen game da halinsa a cikin shari'ar Brawley.  Maddox bai taba yin ƙoƙari ya dawo da shi ba kuma ya koma kotu a matsayin lauyan tsaro, yana mai cewa a shekara ta 2003: "Mutumin fari ya yi tunanin cewa bayan shekaru 13 zan kasance a kan gwiwoyi. Ba su san ni ba".

A shekara ta 1996, an umarci Maddox da ya biya Jihar New York US $ 1,000 (daidai da $ 2,000 a 2024) a cikin kudaden shari'a don gabatar da korafin karya na nuna bambancin launin fata. Ya yi zargin cewa dole ne ya nemi wakiltar wanda ake tuhuma a cikin shari'ar kisan kai, yayin da aka nada lauyoyi biyu da suka kasance fari don wakiltar ɗayan wanda ake tuhumar a cikin shariʼar ba tare da yin amfani da su ba. Jiha ta nuna shaidar cewa a zahiri, lauyoyi biyu sun yi amfani da su kuma Maddox ya shigar da karar nuna bambanci maimakon shiga cikin tsarin aikace-aikacen. Michael Mukasey, a wannan lokacin alƙali ne na Tarayya, ya umarci Maddox ya biya Jihar New York kuɗin shari'a da ya samu don karewa daga karar.

A shekara mai zuwa, a cikin 1997, Maddox da ƙungiyarsa, Ƙungiyar Afirka ta Ƙasa, an ci su tarar $ 10,000 (daidai da $ 19,600 ) daga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Birnin New York bayan sun hana fararen malami damar yin jawabin da Cornel West ya yi bisa ga tseren ta.

 Sauran ayyukan 
Maddox ya kasance Darakta na Taron Kasa na Black Lawyers Juvenile Defense Project .  Ya kuma kasance wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Shari'a da Adalci na Jama'a a Kwalejin Medgar Evers kuma ya tallafawa sauraron majalisa na 1983 kan zalunci na 'yan sanda a Birnin New York.

Maddox sau da yawa yana ba da gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen kamar Amsterdam News kuma ya kasance baƙo mai yawa a shirin Sharp Talk na rediyo na WLIB, wanda Sharpton ya shirya. Ya kuma ba da jawabai a kwalejoji da tarurruka da yawa. Jawabinsa na 1995 kafin Miliyan Mutum Maris ya soki masu sharhi da Anti-Defamation League saboda goyon bayanta ga Louis Farrakhan da ke nuna Yahudawa a matsayin "masu zubar da jini".  

 Rayuwa da mutuwarsa 
Alton Maddox ya sadu da Leola Weaver a Georgia, bayan sun hadu a ranar Makafi; ma'auratan sun yi aure a 1967,  kuma suna da ɗa ɗaya, ɗa Charles.  Leola, mai kula da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ɗauki ayyuka biyu bayan an kori Maddox a cikin 1990, ya mutu a watan Afrilun 2017. 

Maddox ya mutu a gidan kula da tsofaffi a The Bronx, Birnin New York a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2023, yana da shekaru 77.  Ya yi rashin hankali a cikin shekaru kafin mutuwarsa.
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba