Maria Martinez

Heading text 
Maria Poveka Montoya Martinez (  – 20 ga Yuli, 1980) ta kasance mai zane a Pueblo wacce ta ƙirƙiri tukwane da aka sani a duniya.   Martinez (an haife ta Maria Poveka Montoya ), mijinta Julian, da sauran 'yan uwa, ciki har da ɗanta Popovi Da, sun binciki salon tukwane na gargajiya na Pueblo da dabarunsa don ƙirƙirar abubuwa waɗanda ke nuna gadon mutanen Pueblo na kyawawan zane-zane da sana'o'i. Ayyukan Maria Martinez, musamman tukwane na baƙin ƙarfe, suna cikin tarin gidajen tarihi da yawa, ciki har da Smithsonian, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Denver, da ƙari. Gidan Tarihi na Penn da ke Philadelphia yana ɗauke da jiragen ruwa takwas - faranti uku da tuluna biyar - waɗanda aka sanya wa hannu ko dai "Marie" ko "Marie & Julian". 

Maria Martinez ta fito ne daga San Ildefonso Pueblo, wani gari da ke da nisan mil 20 arewa maso yamma da Santa Fe, New Mexico . Tun tana ƙarama, ta koyi dabarun tukwane daga goggonta [1] kuma ta tuna da wannan "koyo ta hanyar gani" tun tana ɗan shekara goma sha ɗaya, yayin da take kallon goggonta, kakarta, da ɗan uwan mahaifinta suna aiki a kan tukwanensu a shekarun 1890. [2] A wannan lokacin, an sami wadataccen kayan tin na Sipaniya da kayan Anglo enamel a Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, wanda hakan ya sa ƙirƙirar tukwane na girki da hidima na gargajiya ba su da mahimmanci. [3] Dabaru na yin tukwane na gargajiya sun zama ruwan dare, amma Martinez da iyalinta sun gwada dabaru daban-daban kuma sun taimaka wajen kiyaye fasahar al'adu. [4] :62–63

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Maria Poveka Montoya a shekara    ko 1887.  An haife ta a San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico ga Tomas da Reyes Pena Montoya, Maria tana da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu: Maximiliana (Ana), Juanita, Desideria, da Clara. Maria ita ce 'yar tsakiya. Goggon ta, Nicolasa, ta koyar da aikin yumbu.  Martinez da 'yan'uwanta mata huɗu sun yi tukwane, kuma ana iya ganin wasu misalan tukwanen 'yan'uwanta mata a cikin nunin.  Sunanta da aka ba ta Po've'ka a yaren Tewa yana nufin ' lily na tafkin ' ko ' lily na ruwa '.  

 Tarihi 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980