John Wilkinson (masanin masana'antu)

John "Iron-Mad" Wilkinson (1728 - 14 Yuli 1808) ƙwararren masanin masana'antu ne na Ingila wanda ya fara ƙera ƙarfe da amfani da kayan ƙarfe a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu . Shi ne ya ƙirƙiro wata hanya mai ban sha'awa ta harbin bindiga wadda ta sa bindigogi su kasance masu inganci da aminci fiye da da.  Ya ƙirƙiro wata hanya don rage girman manyan silinda na injin tururi waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikin injunan tururi na James Watt, wanda aka ba shi kwangila ta musamman. Injin sa mai ban sha'awa ana kiransa da kayan aikin injin na farko. Ya kuma ƙirƙiro wata na'urar busawa don murhunan fashewa waɗanda ke ba da damar zafi mai yawa, suna ƙara ingancinsu, kuma sun taimaka wajen ɗaukar nauyin gadar ƙarfe ta farko a Coalbrookdale . Baya ga kasancewarsa shugaban kamfanonin ƙarfe da dama (Bersham, New and Old Willey, Bradley da Brymbo), yana da ma'adanai na gubar, ma'adanai na kwal, injin haƙar ma'adinai, masana'antar bututun gubar (a Landan), hannun jari a ma'adanai na tagulla a Wales da Cornwall, ya gina jirgin ruwa na farko na kasuwanci na ƙarfe, ya saka hannun jari a ginin magudanar ruwa, kuma yana da hannu a bankuna kuma ya ƙera nasa tsabar kuɗi ga ma'aikatansa da aka sani da 'Willeys'.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi John Wilkinson a Little Clifton, Bridgefoot, Cumberland (wanda yanzu yake cikin Cumbria ), babban ɗan Isaac Wilkinson da Mary Johnson. Isaac a lokacin shine wanda ya kafa tukunya a wurin,  ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara amfani da coke maimakon gawayi, wanda Abraham Darby ya fara.

John da ɗan'uwansa William, wanda ya fi shi shekaru 17, an rene su ne a cikin wani iyali na Presbyterian wanda ba ya bin ƙa'ida kuma ya yi karatu a wata makarantar da ba ta bin ƙa'ida ba a Kendal, Westmorland (wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na Cumbria), wanda Dr Caleb Rotherham ke jagoranta.  'Yar'uwarsa Mary ta auri wani wanda ba ya bin ƙa'ida, Joseph Priestley a shekarar 1762. Priestley ya kuma taka rawa wajen ilmantar da ƙanin John, William.

A shekara ta 1745, lokacin da John yake ɗan shekara 17, ya yi aiki a wani ɗan kasuwa a Liverpool na tsawon shekaru biyar sannan ya shiga haɗin gwiwa da mahaifinsa. 

Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya koma Bersham furnace kusa da Wrexham, arewacin Wales, a shekara ta 1753, John ya zauna a Kirkby Lonsdale a Westmorland inda ya auri Ann Maudesley a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1755.

Manazarta

Category:dan kasuwa