Alexei Abrikosov (masanin kimiyyar lissafi)

( Russian  Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 ga Yuni, 1928 - 29 ga Maris, 2017   ) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Soviet, Rasha da Amurka  wanda manyan gudummawarsa suka kasance a fannin kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa . Shi ne wanda ya karɓi kyautar Nobel ta 2003 a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, tare da Vitaly Ginzburg da Anthony James Leggett, don ka'idoji game da yadda abubuwa za su iya yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin gaske.   

 Ilimi da rayuwar farko 
An haifi Abrikosov a Moscow, SFSR ta Rasha, Tarayyar Soviet, a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1928, ga wasu likitoci biyu: Aleksey Abrikosov da Fani ( née Wulf). Mahaifiyarsa Bayahudiya ce.  Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a 1943, Abrikosov ya fara karatun fasahar makamashi. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Jihar Moscow a 1948. Daga 1948 zuwa 1965, ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Matsalolin Jiki ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR, inda ya sami digirin digirgir a 1951 don ka'idar yaduwar zafi a cikin plasmas, sannan digirin digirgir na Kimiyyar Jiki da Lissafi (digiri "mafi girma na digirin digirgir") a 1955 don digirin digirgir kan electrodynamics na kwantum a babban kuzari. Abrikosov ya koma Amurka a 1991 kuma ya zauna a can har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, a Palo Alto, California. A lokacin da yake Amurka, an zaɓe Abrikosov a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa a shekara ta 2000, kuma a shekara ta 2001, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar Royal Society ta ƙasar waje.  

 Sana'a 
Daga 1965 zuwa 1988, ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Landau (Cibiyar Kimiyya ta USSR). Ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow tun 1965. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Fasaha ta Moscow daga 1972 zuwa 1976, da kuma Cibiyar Karfe da Alloys ta Moscow daga 1976 zuwa 1991. Ya yi aiki a matsayin cikakken memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR daga 1987 zuwa 1991. A 1991, ya zama cikakken memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha .

A cikin ayyuka biyu a 1952 da 1957, Abrikosov ya bayyana yadda kwararar maganadisu za ta iya shiga cikin ajin manyan masu jagoranci . Wannan ajin kayan ana kiransa superconductors na nau'in-II . Tsarin da ke tare da layukan kwararar maganadisu ana kiransa Abrikosov vortex lattice. 

Tare da Lev Gor'kov da Igor Dzyaloshinskii, Abrikosov ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna kan ka'idar kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarfi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don horar da masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin tsawon shekaru da yawa.

Daga shekarar 1991 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya, ya yi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Argonne da ke jihar Illinois ta Amurka. Abrikosov ƙwararren masanin kimiyya ne na Argonne a ƙungiyar ka'idar Condensed Matter a Sashen Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki na Argonne. Lokacin da ya sami kyautar Nobel, bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan asalin magnetoresistance, mallakar wasu kayan da ke canza juriyarsu ga kwararar lantarki a ƙarƙashin tasirin filin maganadisu.     

 Girmamawa da kyaututtuka 
An ba Abrikosov kyautar Lenin a shekarar 1966, kyautar tunawa da Fritz London a shekarar 1972, da kuma kyautar jiha ta USSR a shekarar 1982. A shekarar 1989 ya sami kyautar Landau daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ] Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a shekarar 1991, an ba Abrikosov lambar yabo ta John Bardeen ta Sony Corporation. A wannan shekarar aka zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na girmamawa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka .  Ya raba kyautar Nobel ta 2003 a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Ya kuma kasance memba na Royal Academy of London, memba na American Physical Society, kuma a shekarar 2000 aka zaɓe shi a babbar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.  Sauran kyaututtukan sun haɗa da:


 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Abrikosov ɗa ne ga likitocin Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov (1875-1955) da matarsa ta biyu, Fania Davidovna Woolf (1895-1965). Ta hannun mahaifinsa, Abrikosov ɗan uwan mahaifiyar cocin Katolika mai suna Anna Abrikosova (1882-1936).

'Yar'uwarsa ita ce Maria Alekseevna Abrikósova (1929-1998), likita.

Ya auri Svetlana Yurievna Bunkova kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3.  

Ya mutu a California a ranar 29 ga Maris 2017 yana da shekaru 88. 

 Littattafai 




 Duba kuma 

 Jerin sunayen Yahudawan da suka lashe kyautar Nobel

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928