Kenzaburō Ōe

Kenzaburō Ōe (大江 健三郎, Ōe Kenzaburō; 31 January 1935 – 3 March 2023) was a Japanese writer and a major figure in contemporary Japanese literature. His novels, short stories and essays, strongly influenced by French and American literature and literary theory, deal with political, social and philosophical issues, including nuclear weapons, nuclear power, social non-conformism, and existentialism. Ōe was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in Literature for creating "an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today".

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Ōe a Ōse , wani ƙauye da ke Uchiko, Ehime Prefecture, a Shikoku .  Shi ne na uku cikin yara bakwai, ya girma yana sauraron kakarsa, mai ba da labarin tatsuniyoyi da almara, wacce kuma ta ba da labarin tarihin bore biyu a yankin kafin da kuma bayan Maido da Meiji .   Mahaifinsa, Kōtare Ōe, yana da kasuwancin cire haushi; ana amfani da haushin don yin kuɗin takarda.  Bayan mahaifinsa ya mutu a Yaƙin Pacific a 1944, mahaifiyarsa, Koseki, ta zama babbar mai jan hankalin karatunsa, tana saye masa littattafai ciki har da Kasadar Huckleberry Finn da The Wonderful Adventures of Nils, waɗanda suka yi tasiri a kansa. 

Ōe ya sami shekaru goma na farko na karatunsa a makarantun gwamnati na gida. [1] Ya fara makaranta a lokacin da sojoji suka mamaye Japan ; a cikin aji, an tilasta masa ya furta amincinsa ga Sarki Hirohito, wanda malaminsa ya yi iƙirarin cewa allah ne. [2] Bayan yaƙin, ya fahimci cewa an koya masa ƙarya kuma ya ji kamar an ci amanarsa. Wannan jin daɗin cin amana daga baya ya bayyana a cikin rubutunsa.

Ōe ya yi makarantar sakandare a Matsuyama daga 1951 zuwa 1953, inda ya yi fice a matsayin ɗalibi.   Yana da shekaru 18, ya yi tafiyarsa ta farko zuwa Tokyo, inda ya yi karatu a wata makarantar shiryawa ( yobikō ) na tsawon shekara ɗaya.   A shekara mai zuwa, ya fara karatun Adabin Faransanci a Jami'ar Tokyo tare da Farfesa Kazuo Watanabe, ƙwararre kan François Rabelais . "Kenzburo Oe – Biographical". The Nobel Prize. Retrieved 14 March 2023.

 Sana'a 
Ōe ya fara buga labarai a shekarar 1957, yayin da yake ɗalibi, rubuce-rubucen zamani a Faransa da Amurka sun yi tasiri sosai a kansa.  Rubuce-rubucen Jean-Paul Sartre sun yi masa tasiri musamman.  Aikinsa na farko da aka buga shi ne "Lavish are the Dead", wani ɗan gajeren labari da aka rubuta a Tokyo a lokacin mamayar Amurka, wanda ya bayyana a mujallar adabi ta Bungakukai .  Ayyukansa na farko an tsara su ne a yanayin jami'arsa. 

A shekarar 1958, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Akutagawa mai daraja.  Aikin ya shafi wani baƙar fata mai suna GI da matasan Japan suka kafa, kuma daga baya aka mayar da shi fim, The Catch na Nagisa Oshima a shekarar 1961.  Wani littafin farko, wanda daga baya aka fassara shi da Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids, ya mayar da hankali kan ƙananan yara da ke rayuwa a cikin sauye-sauyen Arcadian na yarintar Shikoku ta Ōe a karkara.  Ōe ya gano waɗannan siffofin yara a matsayin mallakar " allahn yaro " na Jung da Kerényi, wanda ke da alaƙa da watsi, hermaphrodism, rashin cin nasara, da alaƙa da farko da ƙarshe.  Halaye biyu na farko suna nan a cikin waɗannan labaran farko, yayin da siffofin biyu na ƙarshe suka bayyana a cikin labaran 'ɗan wawa' waɗanda suka bayyana bayan haihuwar ɗansa Hikari.  : 135 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935