Oakes Ames

Oakes Ames (Janairu 10, 1804 - Mayu 8, 1873) ɗan kasuwa ne, mai saka hannun jari, kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga Massachusetts . A matsayinsa na ɗan majalisa, masana tarihi da yawa suna yaba masa a matsayin babban tasiri a ginin ɓangaren Union Pacific na layin dogo na ƙasashen duniya . Hakanan an san shi da badakalar da ta biyo baya da ta yi zargin cewa ba a sayar da hannun jarin kamfanin gine-gine na layin dogo yadda ya kamata ba.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Ames a Easton, Massachusetts, ɗan Susanna (Angier) Ames da Oliver Ames Sr., wani maƙeri wanda ya gina kasuwancin yin shebur, Shagon Ames Shovel, kuma an yi masa laƙabi da "Sarkin Spades".   A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya sami ilimin makarantar gwamnati kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a cikin bita na iyali don koyon kowane mataki na tsarin ƙera. Daga ƙarshe ya zama abokin tarayya a cikin kasuwancin, kuma tare da ɗan'uwansa Oliver Ames Jr. ya kafa kamfanin Oliver Ames & Sons. Sakamakon matsugunin Midwest, sakamakon gano zinare a California da Ostiraliya, da kuma ginin layin dogo, kasuwancin kera shebur ya bunƙasa. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, kamfanin ya bunƙasa da kwangilolin takuba, shebur, da sauran kayan aiki da kayan aiki.  Ames ya sami babban arziki.

Ya yi tasiri sosai wajen kafa Jam'iyyar Republican a Massachusetts. A shekarar 1860, ya zama memba na majalisar zartarwa ta Massachusetts, kuma daga 1863 zuwa 1873 ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin Wakilin Amurka na Gundumar Massachusetts ta Biyu. A lokacin da yake can, ya zama memba na Kwamitin Layin Dogo a lokacin ginin farko na layin dogo na nahiyar. A shekarar 1865, Shugaba Abraham Lincoln ya roƙe shi da ya karɓi ragamar yankin Union Pacific (UP) na aikin, wanda ya lalace sakamakon yaƙin, kuma ya gina  na hanyar.

Ta hanyar tasirinsa, ya sami kwangiloli ga kamfanin iyalinsa wajen gina Union Pacific kuma ya sanya kusan dukkan kadarorin iyalin a matsayin jarin aikin. Daga baya aka mayar da kwangilolin zuwa Kamfanin Credit Mobilier na Amurka bayan da Ames ya kori wanda ya kafa shi Thomas Durant . An nada ɗan'uwansa Oliver shugaban UP a shekarar 1866. An kammala layin dogo a shekarar 1869. 

A shekara ta 1872, an bayyana cewa Ames ya sayar da hannun jari a Credit Mobilier ga sauran 'yan majalisa a farashin da ya yi ƙasa da darajar kasuwa. Badakalar da ta biyo baya ta haifar da wani bincike a Majalisar, wanda ya ba da shawarar korarsa. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1873, Majalisar ta zartar da wani kuduri a hukumance wanda ya soki Ames "a kan neman samun kulawar majalisar dokoki kan harkokin wani kamfani da yake sha'awarsa, kuma wanda sha'awarsa ta dogara kai tsaye ga dokokin Majalisar, ta hanyar jawo hankalin 'yan Majalisar su zuba jari a hannun jarin wannan kamfani."  Masu katse hulda da shi sun kira shi "Hoax Ames".  Ames ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan haka a North Easton, Massachusetts, 5 ga Mayu, 1873, saboda bugun jini.  

A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1883, cika shekaru 14 da kammala aikin layin dogo, majalisar dokokin jihar Massachusetts ta zartar da wani kuduri da ke wanke Ames daga duk wani laifi.  Ɗansa Oliver Ames ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna daga 1887 zuwa 1890. 

 Daraja 
An tuna da gudummawar da Ames da ɗan'uwansa Oliver suka bayar wajen gina Union Pacific a Dutsen Oliver da Oakes Ames da ke Sherman Summit, kusa da Laramie, Wyoming, a kan hanyar farko. Shahararren mai zane Henry Hobson Richardson (wanda ya tsara ayyuka da dama ga iyalan Ames) ne ya tsara wannan abin tunawa da pyramidal tare da sassaka alluna na 'yan'uwan Ames da Augustus Saint-Gaudens ya yi. A lokacin gina shi, abin tunawa yana kan kololuwar wurin da hanyar UP ta haɗu. Tare da canjin hanyar layin dogo, abin tunawa a yau ba ya kan wata babbar hanyar sufuri.

An sanya wa birnin Ames, Iowa suna ne saboda Oakes,  kamar yadda wataƙila al'ummar Ames, Nebraska, da Ames Avenue suke a Omaha .

 Duba kuma 

 Ɗakin Tunawa da Oakes Ames (Easton, Massachusetts)
 Laburare Kyauta na Ames (Easton, Massachusetts)
 Shagon Ames Shovel
 Iyalan Ames
 Jerin wakilan Amurka da aka kora, aka la'anta, ko aka tsawatar
 Jerin badakalar siyasa ta tarayya a Amurka

 Manazarta