Maija Grotell

Maija (Majlis) Grotell (Agusta 19, 1899 — Disamba 6, 1973) ta kasance mai fasaha da kuma mai koyarwa a fannin zane-zanen yumbu na ƙasar Finland-Amurka.  Sau da yawa ana kiranta da "Uwar Ceramics ta Amurka." 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 

 Finland 
An haifi Maija Grotell a Helsinki, Finland. Ta kammala shekaru shida na aikin digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane Helsinki da ke cikin Ateneum . [1] Grotell ta tallafa wa kanta a lokacin karatun digiri na biyu ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin mai zane-zanen yadi da kuma aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Finland. Bayan kammala karatun, Grotell ta bar Finland zuwa New York a 1927. [2] Ta zaɓi Amurka saboda ba ta da tsari sosai kuma tana ba da damammaki ga masu yin yumbu da mata. [1] Daga baya Grotell ta tuna cewa "bayan kwana uku a New York, kawai da waya, ina da aiki." [3]

 Amurka 
A lokacin bazara ta farko a Amurka, Maija Grotell ta yi tafiya zuwa Jami'ar Alfred don yin aiki tare da Charles Fergus Binns . Ta yi karo da Binns saboda tsarin koyarwarsa, ta fi son keken tukwane fiye da hanyar gina Binns. Ba a saba amfani da yumbun da aka jefa a ƙafafun ba a Amurka a lokacin; masu tukwane na Amurka galibi suna amfani da na'urar naɗawa, simintin zamewa, ko ginin allo. Grotell, da sauran baƙi na Turai kamar Gertrude da Otto Natzler da Marguerite Wildenhain, su ne suka fi daukar nauyin kawo dabarun jefa ƙafafun Turai zuwa Amurka. Kwarewarta da keken tukwane ya taimaka wa Grotell; sau da yawa ana neman ta nuna dabarar kuma tana iya samun aikin koyarwa cikin sauƙi a duk faɗin birnin New York.  A shekara ta 1938, Grotell ta ɗauki matsayi a matsayin shugabar shirin yumbu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook da ke Bloomfield Hills, Michigan .  Grotell ta yi jinkirin ɗaukar matsayin a Cranbrook. Da farko an ƙi ta don wannan matsayi saboda makarantar ta fi son malami namiji. Lokacin da aka ba ta wannan matsayi a shekara mai zuwa, Grotell ta ji tsoron cewa za ta iya rasa 'yancin kanta a matsayinta na mace marar aure kuma za a danganta nasararta da abokan aikinta maza. 

 Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1973