Trabzon

Trabzon birni ne a bakin tekun Black Sea na arewa maso gabashin Turkiyya kuma babban birnin Lardin Trabzon . Tarihi da aka sani da Trebizond, an kafa birnin ne a cikin 756 BC a matsayin Trapezous ta masu mulkin mallaka daga Miletus. Cyrus the Great ne ya kara shi cikin Daular Achaemenid kuma daga baya ya kasance wani ɓangare na Masarautar Pontus mai zaman kanta wanda ya kalubalanci Roma har zuwa 68 BC. Daga nan gaba wani ɓangare na Daular Romawa kuma daga baya Byzantine, birnin ya kasance babban birnin Daular Trebizond, ɗaya daga cikin jihohin da suka gaji Daular Byzantine bayan Crusade na huɗu a cikin 1204.  A shekara ta 1461 ya zo ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman.

Sunan Turkiyya na birnin shine Trabzon . Sunan farko da aka rubuta na birnin shine Girkanci  (), yana nufin dutsen tsakiya mai kama da tebur tsakanin kogin Zağnos (İskeleboz) da Kuzgun wanda aka kafa shi (τ nufin "tebur" a Tsohon Girkanci; lura da tebur a kan tsabar a cikin adadi). A cikin LLatin ana kiran Trabzon T wanda shine lLatinization tsohon Girkanci sunan. Dukansu a cikin GGirkanci na Pontic GGirkanci na zamani ana kiranta Τ(T. A cikin Ottoman Turkish da FFarisa an rubuta shi a matsayin طربzun . A zamanin Ottoman, an kuma yi amfani da TTara Bozan[][] A cikin LLaz san shi da ტ(T'amt'ra) ko TT'rap'uzani  a cikin Georgian yana da ტრაุზონი (TT'rap'izoni kuma a cikin Armenian yana da Տ kop kop kop kop (TTrapizon.[ mai tafiya na AArmeniya karni na 19 Byjiskian ya kira birnin da wasu, sunayen asali, ciki har da HHurşidabat OOzinis[ ilimin ƙƘasar marubuta na YAmm'ra yi amfani da bambance-bambance da yawa na sunan a duk lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Wadannan nau'ikan sunan, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, sun haɗa da: TTrebizonde(Fr.), Trapezunt (JJamusanci, TTrebisonda(SSp., Trapesunta (It.), TTrapisonda Tribisonde, Terabesoun, TTrabesun TTrabuzan Trabizond da TTarabossan

A cikin Mutanen Espanya an san sunan daga soyayya da Don Quixote . Saboda kamanceceniya da trápala da trapaza,  trapisonda ya sami ma'anar "hullabaloo, imbroglio". 

 Tarihi 

 Zamanin ƙarfe da Tsohon zamani 
Kafin a kafa birnin a matsayin mulkin mallaka na Girka yankin ya mamaye Colchis" id="mwoA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Colchis">Colchians (Yammacin Georgia) da Chaldian (Anatolian). Hayasa, wadanda suka kasance cikin rikici tare da Hittites na Tsakiya-Anatolian a karni na 14 BC, an yi imanin sun zauna a yankin kudancin Trabzon. Daga baya marubutan Helenawa sun ambaci Macrones da Chalybes a matsayin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin Caucasian a gabas sune Laz, waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na mulkin mallaka na Colchis, tare da sauran mutanen Georgia masu alaƙa.

An kafa birnin ne a zamanin d ̄ a a cikin 756 BC a matsayin Tραπεζούς (Trapezous), ta 'yan kasuwa na Milesian daga Sinope.[1] Yana ɗaya daga cikin adadi (kimanin goma) na Milesian Emporia ko Yankunan kasuwanci a bakin tekun Black Sea. Sauran sun hada da Abydos da Cyzicus a cikin Dardanelles, da kuma kusa da Kerasous. Kamar yawancin yankunan Girka, birnin karamin yanki ne na rayuwar Girka, kuma ba daular kanta ba, a cikin ma'anar kalmar Turai ta baya. A matsayin mulkin mallaka, Trapezous da farko ya ba da haraji ga Sinope, amma ana ba da shawarar aikin banki na farko (canjin kuɗi) ya faru a cikin birni tun a ƙarni na 4 BC, bisa ga tsabar kudi na drachma na azurfa daga Trapezus a Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya, London. Cyrus the Great ya kara birnin zuwa Daular Achaemenid, kuma mai yiwuwa shine mai mulki na farko da ya karfafa yankin gabashin Black Sea a cikin wani bangare na siyasa guda (satrapy).
Abokan kasuwanci na Trebizond sun hada da Mossynoeci . Lokacin da Xenophon da ma'aikatan ma'aikata dubu goma ke yaƙi da hanyarsu ta fita daga Farisa, birnin Girka na farko da suka isa shi ne Trebizond (Xenophon, Anabasis, 5.5.10). Birnin da Mossynoeci na gida sun rabu da babban birnin Mossynoea, har zuwa yakin basasa. Sojojin Xenophon sun warware wannan a cikin tagomashin 'yan tawaye, da kuma sha'awar Trebizond.

Har zuwa nasarar Alexander the Great birnin ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Achaemenids. Duk da yake yaƙin bai shafi Pontus kai tsaye ba, biranen ta sun sami 'yancin kai a sakamakon hakan. Iyalan da ke mulki na gida sun ci gaba da da'awar wani bangare na al'adun Farisa, kuma al'adun Perisa suna da tasiri mai dorewa a birnin; maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai tsarki na Mt. Minthrion a gabashin tsohon garin an sadaukar da ita ga allahn Girka na Farisa-Anatolian Mithra. A cikin karni na 2 BC, an kara birnin tare da tashar jiragen ruwa na halitta zuwa Masarautar Pontus ta hanyar Pharnaces I. Mithridates VI Eupator ya sanya shi tashar jiragen saman Pontic, a cikin ƙoƙarinsa na cire Romawa daga Anatolia.

 Manazarta