Coral Triangle

Triangle na Coral ( CT ) yanki ne mai kusurwa uku a cikin ruwan wurare masu zafi da ke kewaye da Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Tsibirin Solomon, da Timor-Leste . Wannan yanki ya ƙunshi aƙalla nau'ikan murjani 500 da ke gina teku a kowace yanki mai yanayin muhalli .  Triangle na Coral yana tsakanin tekun Pacific da Indiya  kuma ya ƙunshi sassan yankuna biyu na yanayin ƙasa : Yankin Indonesia-Philippines, da Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Tekun Pacific.  A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankuna takwas na murjani a duniya,  an san Triangle na Coral a matsayin cibiyar duniya ta bambancin halittu na teku Allen, G. R. 2007 Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.  kuma fifiko ne a duniya ga kiyayewa.  Albarkatun halittunsa sun sanya shi wuri mai cike da bambancin halittu na teku. Wanda aka sani da " Amazon na tekuna" (ta hanyar kwatanta da dazuzzukan Amazon a Kudancin Amurka), ya ƙunshi    na ruwan teku.  Ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 76% na nau'ikan murjani masu gina ruwa mai zurfi a duniya, kashi 37% na nau'ikan kifayen teku, kashi 50% na nau'ikan kifin ravage, shida cikin bakwai na nau'ikan kunkuru na teku a duniya, da kuma mafi girman dajin mangrove a duniya.  Babban tushen wannan bambancin murjani yana cikin Tsuntsun Teku na Indonesian Papua, wanda ke ɗauke da nau'ikan 574 (95% na Coral Triangle, da kuma kashi 72% na jimillar duniya).  A cikin 2014, Bankin Raya Asiya (ADB) ya ba da rahoton cewa jimillar kayayyakin cikin gida na yanayin halittu na teku a cikin Coral Triangle ya kai kusan dala tiriliyan 1.2 a kowace shekara kuma yana samar da abinci ga mutane sama da miliyan 120.   A cewar Coral Triangle Knowledge Network,  yankin yana kawo kusan dala biliyan 3 na kuɗin shiga na musayar kuɗi daga fitar da kamun kifi, da kuma wani dala biliyan 3 daga kudaden shiga na yawon buɗe ido na bakin teku.

Asusun Kula da Yanayi na Duniya ya ɗauki yankin a matsayin babban fifiko ga kiyaye ruwa, kuma yana magance barazanar muhalli ga yankin ta hanyar Shirin Coral Triangle,  wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2007. Cibiyar bambancin halittu a cikin Triangle ita ce Verde Island Passage a Philippines.  Yankin murjani mai faɗi a yankin da aka ayyana a matsayin Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO sune Tubbataha Reef Natural Park a Philippines  da Raja Ampat UNESCO Global Geopark a Indonesia. 

 Bambancin halittu 
Duk da cewa ya mamaye kashi 1.6% ne kawai na yankin teku na duniya, yankin yana da kashi 76% na dukkan nau'ikan murjani da aka sani a duniya. A matsayin wurin zama ga kashi 52% na kifayen reef na Indo-Pacific da kashi 37% na kifayen reef na duniya, yana dauke da mafi girman bambancin kifayen reef na murjani a duniya  Fiye da nau'ikan kifayen kashin dabbobi 3,000 sun bazu a kan sama da kashi 90% na Coral Triangle. Daga cikin manyan kifayen akwai kifin whale shark, coelacanth da chimaerans. 

Triangle na Coral shine cibiyar bambancin halittu, ba wai kawai murjani da kifi ba, har ma da sauran halittun ruwa da yawa. Ya ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan Molluscs 950 da nau'ikan crustacean 458. Asaad, Irawan; Lundquist, Carolyn J.; Erdmann, Mark V.; Hooidonk, Ruben Van; Costello, Mark J. (5 November 2018). "Designating Spatial Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle". Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 400. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00400. hdl:2292/46922. S2CID 53294894. Hakanan shine wurin zama na nau'ikan kunkuru guda shida daga cikin bakwai na ruwa a duniya. 

An gano kashi goma sha uku cikin ɗari na Coral Triangle a matsayin waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin wurare masu mahimmanci ga bambancin halittu na ruwa, ciki har da kudancin Philippines, yankin arewa maso gabashin Sabah a Malaysia, yankunan tsakiya zuwa gabas na Indonesia, gabashin Papua New Guinea da Tsibirin Solomon .  Sassan Coral Triangle waɗanda ke da mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu sun ƙunshi kashi 6% na jimlar yankin triangle ɗin. Sun haɗa da wuraren da ke bakin tekun Philippines (gami da gabar tekun arewacin Luzon, Bohol, Mindanao, Palawan, da kuma Tafkin Sulu ),  Malaysia (gabar arewa maso gabashin Sabah ), Indonesia (ɓangaren arewa da kudu maso gabashin Sulawesi, Tekun Banda, Tsibiran Maluku (Mollucas), da Tafkin Raja Ampat na Indonesian Papua ),  Papua New Guinea (yankunan bakin teku na Lardin Madang, New Britain, Milne Bay, Tsibirin Louisiade, da Tsibirin Bougainville ),  da Tsibirin Solomon (Lardin Guadalcanal da Makira-Ulawa ).  Asaad, Irawan; Lundquist, Carolyn J.; Erdmann, Mark V.; Hooidonk, Ruben Van; Costello, Mark J. (5 November 2018). "Designating Spatial Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle". Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 400. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00400. hdl:2292/46922. S2CID 53294894. Duk da haka, an rarraba fiye da rabin (70%) na yankunan da ke cikin Tafkin Coral a matsayin yankunan da ke da ƙarancin wadataccen nau'in halittu. 

 Ka'idoji da ke bayan bambancin nau'ikan halittu na Coral Triangle 
Akwai ka'idoji guda uku daban-daban game da dalilin da yasa Coral Triangle (East Indies Triangle) ke da nau'ikan halittu iri-iri, kuma kowace ka'ida tana gabatar da wani tsari daban na bayani. Yawanci ana kiransu da samfurin "cibiyar asali", samfurin "cibiyar haɗuwa", da kuma samfurin "cibiyar tarin abubuwa".  

 Tsarin tsakiyar asalin ya nuna cewa yawan al'ummomin da ke yankin tsibiran suna cikin wani ɓangare na al'ummar kakannin da ke tsakiyar yankin waɗanda daga baya suka bazu zuwa wurare daban-daban na kewaye.
 Cibiyar tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen haɗa nau'ikan halittu ta nuna cewa asalin halittu a yankuna daban-daban na yanayin halittu sun haɗu sakamakon rarrabuwar jama'a (vicariance) kuma daga baya suka faɗaɗa kewayonsu.
 Cibiyar tsarin tarin bayanai ta nuna cewa al'ummomin kakannin da suka watsu a tsakanin wurare daban-daban sun haɗu a wani wuri na tsakiya kuma suka samar da al'umma daban-daban.

 Manazarta