Elizabeth Catlett

Elizabeth Catlett, an haife ta da Alice Elizabeth Catlett, wacce aka fi sani da Elizabeth Catlett Mora (15 ga Afrilu, 1915  – 2 ga Afrilu, 2012)   yar asalin ƙasar Amurka ce kuma 'yar ƙasar Mexico mai sassaka da zane-zane, wacce aka fi sani da zane-zanenta na ƙwarewar Baƙar fata a ƙarni na 20, wanda galibi ya fi mayar da hankali kan ƙwarewar mata. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Washington, DC, ga iyaye da ke aiki a fannin ilimi, kuma jika ce ta mutanen da a da suka zama bayi . Ya kasance da wahala ga mace baƙar fata ta bi aikinta a matsayin mai fasaha. Catlett ta sadaukar da mafi yawan aikinta ga koyarwa. Duk da haka, tallafin karatu da aka ba ta a shekarar 1946 ya ba ta damar tafiya zuwa birnin Mexico, inda ta zauna ta yi aiki tare da Taller de Gráfica Popular tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ta zama shugabar sashen sassaka na Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas . A shekarun 1950, babbar hanyarta ta zane-zane ta canza daga bugawa zuwa sassaka, kodayake ba ta taɓa barin na farko ba. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Ayyukanta cakuda abubuwa ne na zahiri da na alama a cikin al'adar Zamani, tare da tasirin al'adun fasaha na Afirka da Mexico . Ana iya siffanta ayyukan Catlett a matsayin gaskiyar zamantakewa saboda sadaukarwarta ga batutuwa da gogewar 'yan Afirka Ba'amurke.  A cewar mai zane, babban manufar aikinta shine isar da saƙonnin zamantakewa maimakon kyawawan halaye . Ana yin nazarin ayyukanta sosai ta hanyar ɗaliban fasaha waɗanda ke son nuna launin fata, jinsi, da batutuwan aji. A lokacin rayuwarta, Catlett ta sami kyaututtuka da yabo da yawa, gami da zama memba a Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago Legends and Legacy Award, digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Pace da Carnegie Mellon, da kuma Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Cibiyar Zane ta Duniya a sassaka na zamani. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Catlett kuma ta girma a Washington, DC [1] [2] Iyayenta biyu 'ya'yan waɗanda a da can bayi ne; kakarta ta ba ta labarin kama mutanensu a Afirka da kuma wahalar rayuwar noma. [2] [3] [4] Catlett ita ce ƙarama a cikin yara uku. Iyayenta suna aiki a fannin ilimi; mahaifiyarta jami'ar halarta ce; mahaifinta ya koyar da lissafi a Jami'ar Tuskegee, wacce a lokacin take tsarin makarantun gwamnati na DC. Mahaifinta ya mutu kafin a haife ta, inda ya bar mahaifiyarta tana da ayyuka da yawa don tallafa wa gidan. [5] [2] [4]

Sha'awar Catlett ga fasaha ta fara tun tana ƙarama. Tun tana ƙarama, ta fara sha'awar sassaka tsuntsu da aka yi da itace da mahaifinta ya yi. A makarantar sakandare, ta yi karatun fasaha tare da zuriyar Frederick Douglass, Haley Douglass.  

 Ilimi 
Catlett ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko a Jami'ar Howard, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko, duk da cewa ba shine zaɓinta na farko ba.   An kuma shigar da ita Cibiyar Fasaha ta Carnegie amma an ƙi shiga lokacin da makarantar ta gano cewa baƙar fata ce.   Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2007 Tyra Butler, memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Al'adun Baƙar fata ta August Wilson da ke Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ta gayyaci E&S Gallery don yin wani baje koli wanda ke nuna fasahar fitattun masu fasaha 'yan Afirka-Amurka tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar August Wilson. Cathy Shannon, Babban Mai Kula da E&S Gallery tana yin jawabi ga ƙungiyar matasa tare da haɗin gwiwar baje kolin kuma ta ba da labarin haɗin gwiwar Catlett da Pittsburgh saboda wannan rashin adalci . Wani shugaban Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, Robbie Baker Kosak, ya halarta a matsayin baƙo na Tyra Butler kuma ya ji labarin a karon farko. Shugabar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine Arts, Hilary Robinson, ita ma ta ga labarin ƙin amincewa a wani baje kolin masu fasaha baƙar fata a tsakiyar birnin Pittsburgh. Dukansu sun ba wa shugaban makarantar, Jared Leigh Cohon labarin, wanda shi ma bai san komai ba kuma ya yi matuƙar mamakin cewa irin wannan abu ya faru. A shekarar 2008, Ms. Butler ta nemi E&S ta sanar da Mrs. Catlett cewa Shugaba Cohon yana son bai wa Catlett digirin girmamawa da kuma baje kolin kaɗa kai. E&S Gallery ta gabatar da wani baje kolin fasaha na mace ɗaya a Miller Gallery a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon a cikin The Regina Gouger Miller Gallery a harabar Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon. Tyra Butler, Stephanie da Michael Jasper, Claudette Lewis, da Yvonne Cook sun buga kuma sun samar da kundin ayyukan Catlett, wanda Dean Robinson ya gabatar, tare da haɗin gwiwar baje kolin.   

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 2012
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1915