Estcourt

Estcourt / / ˈɛs skɔːrt / ESS - ESS ) gari ne da ke gundumar uThukela ta lardin KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu. Babban aikin tattalin arziki shine noma da manyan naman alade da masana'antun abinci da aka sarrafa da ke kewaye da garin. Babbar hanyar N3 tana ratsawa kusa da garin, tana haɗa shi da sauran Afirka ta Kud

 Wuri 
Estcourt tana nan ne a mahaɗar Bushmans da Kogin Little Bushmans. Tana kuma kan babban layin dogo na Durban zuwa Johannesburg, kimanin kilomita 160. kilomita arewacin Durban da kuma 25 kilomita kudu da mahadar Kogin Tugela . A shekarun baya, babbar hanyar, wacce daga baya ta zama N3, ta ratsa ta cikin garin. Garin da kansa yana 1196. sama da matakin teku kuma yana cikin ƙasar tuddai wadda ta mamaye yawancin Natal Midlands . Drakensberg tana da kimanin murabba'in mita 41 kilomita zuwa yammacin garin.

 ƙarni na 19 
Mutanen da aka fi sani da su a yankin Estcourt su ne San, mutanen farauta, duk da cewa an sami zane-zanen dutse tun daga lokacin ƙarfe huɗu daban-daban a gonar Hattingsvlakte .  Mutanen San sun ƙaura daga yankin ta hanyar mutanen Bantu, mutanen makiyaya, musamman Zulu, ƙabilar da ta samo asali daga matsayin ƙasa daban tun farkon ƙarni na sha takwas. Mutanen San sun nemi mafaka a gindin tsaunukan Drakensberg. A farkon ƙarni na sha tara, sarkin Zulu Shaka ya yi amfani da Mfecane don gina daularsa, wanda ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a a yankin. Don haka, lokacin da fararen fata suka fara isa yankin Estcourt, ƙasar ta yi kama da ba a zaune a ciki ba. 

 Mazauna farko 
Matsugunin farko da aka rubuta a yankin Estcourt ya kasance a shekarar 1838 lokacin da wasu gungun Voortrekkers suka yi sansani a bakin Kogin Bushmans suna tsammanin samun fili daga Dingane kaSenzangakhona, sarkin Zulu. Dingane ya kashe mai shiga tsakani, Piet Retief, da jam'iyyarsa a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1838, kuma a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, wanda aka sani da kisan kiyashin Weenen, an kai hare-hare kan sansanonin Voortrekker da ke kan Kogin Bloukrans, Kogin Bushmans da Kogin Mooi.  Bayan ramuwar gayya ta Voortrekker a Yaƙin Kogin Blood, an kori Dingane daga mulki kuma Mpande ya kwace masa matsuguninsa. Mpande ya raba ƙasar kudu da Kogin Tugela ga mazauna, waɗanda suka haɗa da yankin da zai zama Estcourt. Mutanen Voortrekkers ne suka kafa Jamhuriyar Natalia, amma bayan Yaƙin Congella a shekarar 1842, suka yi watsi da matsugunansu suka koma cikin gida, suka bar Natalia ga Turawan Ingila waɗanda suka kafa Mulkin mallaka na Natal . Don haka Natal ta sami al'ummar mazauna da ke jin Turanci maimakon mazauna Afirka, kuma Estcourt, kasancewar tana kusa da Kogin Tugela, ta zama sansanin iyaka.

A shekara ta 1847, Clem Heeley shi ne mamallakin wani masauki da shagon kasuwanci a wani mashigar ruwa a Kogin Bushman . A ranar 4 ga Disamba a wannan shekarar, an kafa sansanin soja da aka sani da Bushman's River Post a kan tudu da ke mamaye mashigar ruwa, yayin da a lokaci guda aka kafa wani ƙauye da aka sani da Kogin Bushman a fadin kogin.  A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1848, Babban Jami'in Bincike ya ba da shawarar cewa wurin zama na sabuwar gundumar majistare ta Impofane ya kasance a Kogin Bushmans. Da farko an yi watsi da shawarar kuma majistare ya kasance a Weenen, kimanin 30 kilomita nesa amma a shekarar 1859, tare da ƙara muhimmancin Estcourt, an mayar da kujerar zuwa can.

 Mazauna Byrne da sunan "Estcourt" 
Al'ummar mazauna yankin sun ƙara ƙarfi sakamakon isowar Byrne Settlers - 'yan asalin Ingila da suka ƙaura zuwa yankin, wanda Thomas Estcourt, ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Arewacin Wiltshire, ya ɗauki nauyin zama a yankin. A shekarar 1946, da alama akwai maganganu masu karo da juna game da dalilin da ya sa aka kira garin "Estcourt" - wani ra'ayi yana goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa an sanya wa garin suna ne bayan Kyaftin Estcourt, wani memba na jam'iyyar da ya kafa sansanin soja a 1847, ɗayan kuma yana goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa an sanya wa garin suna ne bayan ɗan majalisar Thomas Estcourt a 1863. Pearce,  bayan bincike mai zurfi wanda tatsuniyar dangin Ralfe ta goyi bayansa, ya goyi bayan ra'ayin na ƙarshe wanda yanzu shine ra'ayin da aka yarda da shi.

 Zaman lafiya yana ƙaruwa 
A shekara ta 1872, an gina cocin Anglican a gefen Kogin Bushman, kuma an gina Fort Durnford a shekara ta 1874 ta hannun Lt-Col Durnford, injiniyan soja, a matsayin sansanin 'yan sandan Natal Mounted.  Sansanin ya zama babban sansanin soja, kuma ana amfani da shi don kare masu ababen hawa da kuma garken shanu da aka tura a kan hanyar. Yana da aminci kamar kowace gidan sarauta mai tankunan ruwan sha a cikin ginshiki, gadar ja, rami da kuma ramuka biyu na sirri.

Tabbatar da tarin kwal da aka tara a yankin Dundee a shekarar 1880, kimanin 100 kilomita a arewacin Estcourt ya haifar da gina layin dogo don haɗa filayen kwal da Durban. A shekara ta 1885, layin dogo ya isa Estcourt kuma an gina gada wacce har yanzu ake amfani da ita a fadin Kogin Bushman. Kammala layin zuwa filayen kwal a shekara mai zuwa ya samar wa Estcourt kyakkyawar hanyar sadarwa zuwa bakin teku. 

Bayan an yi ƙoƙarin kafa makarantu masu zaman kansu da dama saboda rashin tallafi, an kafa makarantar gwamnati ta farko a garin, Makarantar Gwamnati ta Estcourt a shekarar 1886, inda yara 45 suka fara aiki.  Bisa ga manufofin mulkin mallaka da aka saba da su, makarantar ta ɗauki ɗaliban asalin Turai ne kawai.

A shekarar 1895, matafiyin Ingram ya bayyana Estcourt a matsayin "... gine-gine masu ƙarfi da girma, waɗanda galibi aka gina su da duwatsun da aka sassaka. Katanga tana da tudu zuwa kudu. Akwai coci-coci uku a garin, otal-otal huɗu, kuma a tashar akwai mashayar jirgin ƙasa. An kafa wurin shakatawa na kayan masarufi dangane da Ofishin Jakadancin Katolika na Roman kwanan nan kusa da garin. Yawan jama'a ya ragu zuwa kusan mazauna 300, kodayake a ranakun kasuwa, ana taruwa da yawa na manoma a titunan birnin ." 

 Yaƙin Boer na Biyu 
Lokacin da Yaƙin Boer na Biyu ya ɓarke a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 1899, sojojin Boer suna da sojoji 21,000 a shirye don mamaye yankin Natal. Da suka yi musu ruwan bama-bamai, Turawan Birtaniya sun sami sojoji 13,000. Sojojin Boers ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Petrus Joubert sun tsallaka iyaka zuwa yankin Natal suka kuma ci gaba da sauri zuwa kogin Tugela, suka kewaye Ladysmith, kimanin 40. kilomita a arewacin kogin kuma ya kama kimanin sojojin Birtaniya 8,000.  Estcourt ta zama sansani  kuma a nan ne Janar Sir Redvers Buller ya fara kafa hedikwatarsa ta Natal kuma inda Winston Churchill, wanda a lokacin wakilin yaƙi ne, ya zauna. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, wani gungun mahara ya yi wa jirgin ƙasa mai sulke kwanton bauna a Frere, 20 kilomita a arewacin Estcourt sun ɗauki fursunoni 70 ciki har da Churchill.  Bayan wani rukunin masu kai hari ya yi mamaki a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba a Willow Grange,  10 kilomita kudu da Estcourt, Boers sun janye zuwa wani wuri a bayan Kogin Tugela. Sojojin Birtaniya sun isa wurin, kuma da zarar Ladysmith ta sami sauƙi a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1900, 'yan adawar Boer sun narke kuma an tabbatar da ikon mallakar yankin.

 ƙarni na 20 
Da ƙarni na ashirin ya waye, an ƙara wa matsayin Estcourt a matsayin cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar gina layin dogo na Estcourt - Weenen a shekarar 1907 don ba da damar amfanin gona daga Weenen isa manyan biranen. (An rufe wannan layin a shekarar 1983). 

 Ci gaban birni 
Estcourt ta zama ƙaramar hukuma a shekarar 1914. Ƙungiyar Augustinian Order of Natal, wacce take a garin tun shekarun 1890, ta gina coci a shekarar 1929.

A ƙidayar jama'a ta ƙarshe ta ƙarni, wadda aka yi a shekarar 1991, an rubuta yawan jama'ar Escourt a matsayin kimanin fararen fata 3,407, masu launin fata 710, 'yan Asiya 5,432 da kuma baƙar fata 1,296. 

 Ci gaban masana'antu 
A ƙarni na ashirin, Estcourt ta samo asali daga zama gari na kasuwa da ke yi wa al'ummar manoma hidima zuwa inda ake amfani da kayayyakin da al'ummar manoma ke samarwa wajen ƙera kayayyakin masarufi.

A wani lokaci kusa da farkon karni na ashirin, Joseph Baynes, wani mazaunin Byrne kuma majagaba a masana'antar kiwo, ya kafa masana'antar sarrafa madara a Estcourt a ƙarƙashin sunan Natal Creamery Ltd.  Wannan masana'antar tana kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa. Baynes ya mutu a shekara ta 1925 kuma a shekara ta 1927 masana'antar, wacce a wannan lokacin mallakar South African Condensed Milk Ltd. ne Nestlé ya sayi. A yau masana'antar tana samar da kofi, MILO da NESQUIK. 

 Ilimi 
A farkon karnin, Makarantar Gwamnati ta Estcourt tana da yara kusan 100 kuma tana ba da ilimin firamare ne kawai, kodayake ana horar da ɗalibi mai hazaka a matakin sakandare don ba su damar shiga jami'a. 

A shekarun 1920, makarantar ta faɗaɗa zuwa yara 226, kuma a shekarar 1924 yara huɗu suka ci jarrabawar shiga jami'a. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar ilimin sakandare, kuma a shekarar 1927 aka raba makarantar gida biyu - Makarantar Sakandare ta Estcourt, wadda ta riƙe tsohon ginin makarantar, da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Estcourt (kamar yadda aka san makarantar sakandare daga baya) da ta ƙaura zuwa Asibitin Hill da ke wajen garin.  Sabuwar makarantar tana da wurin kwana, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ɗaliban makarantar suka fi yawa a makarantun kwana.

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, makarantun biyu sun ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma a shekarar 1960 aka gina makarantar firamare ta biyu - Makarantar Firamare ta Drakensview - don ɗaukar nauyin ambaliyar ruwa daga Makarantar Ƙaramin Estcourt.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na ashirin, an kafa Makarantar Musulunci ta Siraatul Haq da Madrasah don yi wa al'ummar Musulmi na yankin hidima tare da zaɓi na ilimi mai haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke ba da manhajar karatu ta Musulunci da ta duniya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2018, ita ce makarantar da ta fi samun nasara a gundumar.

 Mutane masu shahara 

 Harry William Lambert, Lambert Park da ke Estcourt wanda aka sanya masa suna. Magajin Garin Estcourt 1948/49, ya isa Afirka ta Kudu daga Edinburgh Scotland tare da matarsa Jessie a 1920, ya sadaukar da ayyukansa ga haɓakawa da ƙera Eskort Bacon Factory (Masana'antar Bacon Co-operative Manoma) inda ya gabatar da tsiran alade na Estcourt tare da ƙarfafa noman alade mai inganci.
 Mark Bristow, Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Randgold Resources, an haife shi a Estcourt 
 Henry Honiball - Dan wasan Rugby na Afirka ta Kudu (1993–1999) 
 Kyaftin James Douglas Mail, AFC, RFC-RAF_SAAF, an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Yuli 1892, a Estcourt Pioneer aviator na farkon shekarun 1920s bayan ya tashi a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya tare da RFC wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta AFC yayin da yake tashi a Yaƙin Falasɗinu na 1917-1918 da kuma KIA a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu yayin da yake tashi tare da SAAF a Arewacin Afirka
 Charmaine Weavers, an haife ta a Estcourt a shekarar 1964
 Jack Condon, ya mutu a Estcourt a shekarar 1967
 Sonia Raciti - Miss Afirka ta Kudu 1998
 Annabi Ishaya Shembe, wanda ya kafa Cocin Baptist na Nazareth, an haife shi a Ntabamhlophe, Escourt a shekarun 1860.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba