Elisabeth Kopp

Anna Elisabeth Kopp (née Iklé; 16 Disamba 1936 - 7 Afrilu 2023) 'yar siyasa ce ta Switzerland ta jam'iyyar Free Democratic Party (FDP). Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Switzerland, Majalisar Tarayya . Ta rike wannan mukamin daga 2 ga Oktoba 1984 zuwa 12 ga Janairu 1989, lokacin da ta yi murabus bayan wani abin kunya game da zargin karya sirrin hukuma. Ta taba aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Kasa daga 1979 zuwa 1984. 

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Kopp Anna Elisabeth Iklé, a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1936 a Zurich, Switzerland, ta biyu cikin yara uku, ga Max Arthur Iklé (1903-1999), lauya da Mai shirya fim, da Beatrix Iklé (née Heberlein; 1906-1988). Mahaifinta ya fi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Ma'aikatar Kudi ta Tarayya kuma a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa (Direktorium) na Bankin Kasa na Switzerland .  Tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu; Marianne Gasser (née Iklé; 1935-2019) da Beatrix Hanslin (née Ikle; An haife ta 1944).

Her paternal family originally is of German Jewish descent from Hamburg. Her grandfather, Adolph Iklé (1852–1923), became a partner in the first machine embroidery company in Eastern Switzerland in 1880, which would turn into Iklé Frères which existed until 1929. Through her great-uncle Leopold Iklé, she is a second cousin of  Fred Iklé, who served as under secretary of defense for policy during the Reagan Administration. Her maternal family belonged to the reformed bourgeoisie of St. Gallen, originally being from Braubach in Hesse-Nassau. Heberlein & Co. was the first company to produce mercerized yarns in Switzerland.

Kopp ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Bern, wasu azuzuwan tare da daga]-linkid="220" href="./Linda_Geiser" id="mwUg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Linda Geiser">Linda Geiser da Mani Matter . [1] A shekara ta 1956, ta fara karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Zurich, kuma ta shiga kungiyar taimakon dalibai ta Switzerland-Hungary [de] (SDSU), wacce aka kafa saboda Juyin Juya Halin Hungary.[2] Shugabannin SDSU sun gudanar da tarurruka a iyayen Villa na Kopps kuma sun kuma yi hutu tare a wani yanki na iyalin Heberlein a Malcesin a Lake Garda . [3] A shekara ta 1960, ta kammala karatunta tare da Digiri na lasisi

 Ayyukan siyasa 

 Ofisoshin Cantonal da na majalisa 
A shekara ta 1970, Elisabeth Kopp ta zama 'yar majalisa (Gemeinderat) ta Zumikon, kuma a shekara ta 1974 mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar karamar hukuma a cikin canton na Zurich .  A watan Fabrairun 1971, kwanaki kadan kafin Zaben raba gardama na mata na kasa, ta shiga cikin wani kwamitin a gidan caca a Wohlen don yakin neman zabe. Tsakanin 1972 da 1979, ta yi aiki a majalisar zartarwa ta canton na Zürich a matsayin wakilin FDP.  Ga FDP, Kopp ta kasance dan takara a Majalisar Kasa a Zaben Tarayya na 1975 da aka goyi bayan ta daga Cibiyar Mata ta Zurich kuma duk da cewa ba a zabe ta ba, ta sami sakamako mai ƙarfafawa. Don Zaben Tarayya na 1979, ta yi kamfen ta mai da hankali kan kwarewarta a matsayin shugabar Zumikon .  Za a zabe ta da kuri'u 52,113. A matsayinta na memba na FDP, ta yi aiki a Majalisar Kasa ta Switzerland daga 1979 zuwa 1984. A zaman farko bakwai ta fi lura da ita kuma kawai ta gabatar da wani yunkuri daya da ke buƙatar daga Majalisar Tarayya don bincika yiwuwar ƙarfafa tanadi.

 Siyasa ta muhalli 
A wani taron manema labarai a 1981, jim kadan bayan an ruwaito cewa Majalisar Tarayya za ta bar shi tare da halin da ake ciki kuma ba ta tilasta ma'auni mai tsauri ba, ta bukaci Majalisar Tarayya ta cika alkawarin daga]-linkid="250" href="./Kurt_Furgler" id="mwmw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kurt Furgler">Kurt Furgler daga 1977 don tilasta ma ma'aunin ma'auki don injunan konewa a cikin motoci. Wannan mataki ya sami yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai kuma ta zama sananniya a matsayin 'yar siyasa ta muhalli. A zahiri, Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya (WWF) ne ya shirya taron manema labarai.  Sakamakon shi ne cewa bayan 'yan kwanaki Majalisar Tarayya ta yanke shawarar kada ta sanya ka'idojin  [de] kuma ta goyi bayan shigar da mai canzawa. Daga 1981 zuwa gaba har zuwa zaben da aka zaba a Majalisar Tarayya za ta mai da hankali kan siyasar muhalli. Ta shiga kungiyar Swiss League for the Protection of Nature, wanda ya riga ya kasance Pro Natura .  A cikin siyasar muhalli ta zaɓi samun matsayinta na siyasa da kanta, amma yawanci tare da goyon baya daga fitattun mutane na jam'iyyarta. A wasu tambayoyin siyasa ta bi tsarin jam'iyya.

 Sauran matsayi na siyasa 
Ta kare makamashi na nukiliya a matsayin makamashi mai tsabta, ta yi kamfen don fadada filin jirgin sama a Zurich ko kuma ta yi adawa da tallafin karatu na tarayya da mako 42 na ayyukan tarayya.

 Majalisar Tarayya 
A shekara ta 1984, Mai ba da shawara na Tarayya Rudolf Friedrich ya yi murabus daga ofishinsa saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya. Jam'iyyar Free Democratic Party ta zabi Elisabeth Kopp da Bruno Hunziker a matsayin magajin Friedrich. 

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1984, an zabi Kopp a Majalisar Tarayya a matsayin mace ta farko da ta taba kasancewa a wannan ofishin. An zabe ta da kuri'a ta farko, ta sami kuri'u 124  daga cikin 244. A matsayinta na Mai ba da shawara na Tarayya, ita ce shugabar Ma'aikatar Shari'a da 'yan sanda ta Tarayya (EJPD) kuma an zabe ta a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Tarayyar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1988.  A lokacin da take aiki, daya daga cikin abubuwan da ta mayar da hankali shine sake fasalin doka ga masu neman mafaka. Don wannan ta kuma kirkiro mukamin wakilin 'yan gudun hijira. An soki gyaran ne daga adadi a cikin hagu da al'ummar Kirista amma daga ƙarshe an amince da shi a cikin raba gardama a shekarar 1987. A cikin zaben tabbatarwa na watan Disamba na shekara ta 1987, 'yan siyasa da yawa daga jam'iyyun kore da na hagu da kuma bangaren francophone na Switzerland sun ki sake zabar ta kuma an tabbatar da ita da kuri'u 166 kawai.

 Abin kunya da murabus 
Mijin Kopp Hans W. Kopp ya yi bincike daga hukumomi a Zurich kan fatarar kamfanin saka hannun jari Trans K-B, wanda shi ne shugaban kwamitin daraktoci. Bayan matsin lamba daga mujallar <i id="mwAQE">Beobachter</i>, hukumomi sun bincika shi saboda cin hanci da rashawa. A ƙarshen Oktoba 1989, Hans Kopp ya yi murabus daga Shakarchi Trading AG, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin daraktoci.

A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba jaridar daga]-linkid="293" href="./Tages-Anzeiger" id="mwAQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tages-Anzeiger">Tages-Anzeiger ta ba da rahoton binciken da aka yi game da karkatar da kudi da mutanen da ke da alaƙa da Shakarchi Trading AG suka yi. Ya ba da rahoton zargin cewa Kopp ya sami gargadi daga matarsa, wakilin tarayya, wanda ta musanta. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1988, jaridar Switzerland Le Matin ta rubuta game da kiran waya ga mijinta Hans Kopp .  Elisabeth Kopp ta furta cewa ta yi wannan kira, wanda ya haifar da kafofin watsa labarai na Switzerland da ke neman murabus dinta. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1988, Kopp ta sanar da cewa za ta yi murabus a karshen watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1989, tana mai da hankali cewa ba ta da laifi a cikin lamarin. An sake tayar da matsin lamba kuma Kopp a ƙarshe ta sanar da murabus dinta nan take a ranar 12 ga Janairun 1989.  Murabus dinta ya haifar da Safiya kwamiti na bincike na majalisa, wanda Moritz Leuenberger na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SP) ke jagoranta. [de] An ba hukumar aiki ba kawai don bincika murabus dinta ba har ma da kusanci na EJPD game da zirga-zirgar miyagun ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa.
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba