Horst Kasner

Horst Kasner (An haife shi Kaźmierczak; 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1926 - 2 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2011) masanin tauhidin Protestant ne na Jamus kuma mahaifin tsohon Shugaba kasar Jamus Angela Merkel .

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Kasner a matsayin Horst Kaźmierczak a 1926, ɗan ɗan sanda a yankin Pankow na Berlin, inda aka girma. Mahaifinsa Ludwig Kaźmierczak (1896 a Posen, Daular Jamus - 1959 a Berlin) an haife shi ne ba tare da aure ba ga Anna Kazmierczak da Ludwik Wojciechowski, 'yan kabilar Poland da' yan asalin Daular Jamus daga yankin Poznań . [1] Ludwig ya shiga cikin Sojojin Jamus a 1915 kuma ya aika zuwa Faransa, inda aka kama shi fursuna na yaki kuma ya shiga Sojojin Haller na Poland yana fada a gefen Entente.[2] Tare da sojojin ya koma Poland don yaƙi a yaƙin Poland-Ukraine da kuma Yaƙin Poland da Soviet.[3] Bayan Posen ya zama wani ɓangare na Poland, Ludwig ya koma tare da matarsa a 1923 zuwa Berlin, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan sanda, kuma ya canza sunan iyalinsa zuwa Kasner a 1930.

Yayinda Kasner ya yi aiki a cikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ba a san komai game da aikin Horst Kasner na lokacin yaƙi ba; an tsare shi a matsayin fursuna na yaki yana da shekaru 19. A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare ya kasance memba na Matasan Hitler, tare da matsayi na karshe na shugaban sojoji. Daga 1948 ya yi karatun tauhidin, na farko a Heidelberg sannan a Hamburg. A Hamburg ne ya san kuma daga baya ya auri Herlinde Jentzsch,  malamin Ingilishi da Latin, an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli 1928 a Danzig (yanzu Gdańsk, Poland) 'yar dan siyasa na Danzig Willi Jentz Sch.

 Shige da fice zuwa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus 
Makonni da yawa bayan haihuwar 'yarsu, iyalin suka ƙaura daga Hamburg zuwa Gabashin Berlin. Har yanzu ba a rufe iyakar cikin gida ba, amma yawancin ƙaura na Jamus sun kasance a wata hanya (duba kuma: Berlin Wall). A cikin watanni biyar na farko na shekara ta 1954, mutane 180,000 sun tsere daga GDR, kuma yayin gina tsaron iyaka tsakanin 1949 da 1961 a kusa da Templin, Kasner ya koma Gabas bisa ga sha'awar Fasto Matasa Hans-Otto Wölber, daga baya (1964-1983) Bishop na Hamburg, wanda ya ji tsoron karancin fastoci a Gabas zai yi aiki a kan cocin. Kasner ya sami matsayin fasto tare da Cocin Bishara a Berlin-Brandenburg kuma iyalin suka koma wani rectory a ƙauyen Quitzow kusa da Perleberg . Fastoci sun dauki matsayi daban-daban a cikin yardarsu na yin aiki tare da hukumomin kwaminisanci.

 Fasto a cikin Templin 
Shekaru uku bayan haka a shekara ta 1957, Kasner ya koma karamin garin Brandenburg na Templin .  A can, bisa ga bukatar Albrecht Schönherr, Janar Superintendent na Sprengel (yanki na coci) Eberswalde, ya ɗauki matsayi na ci gaba a ofishin ilimin addini. Schönherr, a cikin wata hira ta 2004, ya nuna cewa ya yi nadin "saboda kyakkyawan yanayin aiki da iyawar Kasner a matsayin malami. " Wurin ci gaba da gine-ginen ilimi shine Waldhof, wani hadadden gine-ginin coci da aka gina a waje da tsakiyar Templin, wanda daga 1958 zuwa gaba, kuma yana da kayan aiki ga nakasassu.

An haifi 'yarsu Angela a ranar 17 ga Yuli 1954. Marcus Kasner, wanda ya girma ya zama masanin kimiyyar lissafi,  an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1957 kuma 'yar ta biyu, Irene, a ranar 19 ga Agusta 1964.

Kasner an dauke shi a matsayin shugaban addini kuma mai son zuciya wanda bai yi tsayayya da mulkin coci ko manufofin jam'iyyar Socialist ba, ba kamar Schönherr da Hanfried Müller (membobin Weissensee Work Group (Weißenseer Arbeitskreis) da ke adawa da tsarin ra'ayin mazan jiya na Berlin-Brandenburg bishop Otto Dibelius). Daga hangen nesa na mulki, Kasner an dauke shi daya daga cikin dakarun "ci gaba". Sunan laƙabi a lokacin GDR, wanda aka nakalto akai-akai a cikin manema labarai, shine "Red Kasner. " Ya kasance darektan kwalejin fastoci na dogon lokaci a cikin babban matsayi a cikin Ikilisiyar Bishara a Berlin-Brandenburg. Ana buƙatar duk masu ilimin tauhidi a matsayin wani ɓangare na iliminsu da horo don yin ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai hidima tare da jarrabawar tauhidin su na biyu a Templin. A cikin wannan mahallin akwai ɗan rikodin duk wani matsin lamba da aka sanya wa fastoci don bin tsarin. Masanin tauhidi Richard Schröder ya rubuta a shekara ta 2004:A gare ni, Kasner koyaushe abin dogaro ne kuma tabbas ba mai bin doka ba ne. Kwalejin Fasto a Templin koyaushe a gare mu taga ne a Yamma ta hanyar malaman Yamma da wallafe-wallafen Yamma. Ba a zaɓi masu magana da tauhidi ba don bin layin.Kasner ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin wani ɓangare na National Front kuma an ba shi damar tafiya zuwa Yamma ko dai ta hanyar mota ta kamfani ko motar masu zaman kansu, wanda za'a iya saya ta hanyar Genex. A gefe guda, an hana matarsa, Herlind, yin hakan saboda matsayinta na malamin GDR. An yi la'akari da cewa kokarin daukar ma'aikata da Stasi ta yi ya gaza. Ba kamar yara a cikin wasu iyalan fastoci ba, ba a hana karatun sakandare na yara Kasner ba.Merkel hat polnische Wurzeln Süddeutsche Zeitung, 13 March 2013

Daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960 zuwa gaba, Kasner ya soki tsarin zamantakewa na Jamus ta Yamma: bai goyi bayan sake haɗuwa ba.

Masu magana da Kasner na yau da kullun dangane da siyasar coci sune Wolfgang Schnur da Clemens de Maizière, mahaifin Firayim Minista na karshe na GDR Lothar de Maizières . Schnur, daga baya shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Awakening, ya kasance memba na Synod (cf. babban taron) na Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Mecklenburg kuma na ɗan lokaci mataimakin shugaban Synod na Ikilisiya ta Bishara ta Tarayyar Ikklisiyoyin Furotesta a cikin GDR (Bund der Evangelischen Kirchen in der DDR). Ya kasance, tare da Synod na Cocin Berlin-Brandenburg, daya daga cikin mambobin farko na Kungiyar Demokradiyyar Kirista a Gabashin Jamus. Har ila yau, yana tattaunawa tare da Kasner, Schnur, da de Maizière tare da gwamnatin Jamus ta Gabas daga 1979 zuwa 1988 da sakataren jihar don harkokin coci, Klaus Gysi .

Bayan Die Wende, Kasner ya yi kira game da ci gaba da amfani da soja na abin da ake kira Bombodrom, wani yanki na soja a arewacin Brandenburg kuma ya fadi daga kyakkyawar dangantaka da Lothar de Maizière lokacin da aka fallasa haɗin ƙarshen tare da Stasi.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba