Alexander na Abonoteichus

Alexander na Abonoteichus (Tsohon Girkanci: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀβωνοτειχίτης Aléxandros ho Abōnoteichítēs), wanda kuma ake kira Alexander the Paphlagonian (kimanin 105 – kimanin 170 AD), wani masanin sihiri ne na Girka kuma mai ba da labari, kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Glycon wadda ta sami karbuwa a duniyar Romawa na ɗan lokaci. Marubucin zamani Lucian ya ba da rahoton cewa shi mayaudari ne - ana zargin cewa allahn Glycon ya kasance maciji mai rai mai kai na wucin gadi. Labarin aikinsa mai haske da Lucian ya bayar za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙage amma don tabbatar da wasu tsabar kuɗi na sarakuna Lucius Verus da Marcus Aurelius[1] da kuma wani mutum-mutumin Alexander, wanda Athenagoras ya ce ya tsaya a dandalin Parium.[2][3] Akwai ƙarin shaida daga rubuce-rubuce.[4]

Lucian ya bayyana shi kamar yadda ya yaudari mutane da yawa kuma ya shiga, ta hanyar mabiyansa, a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban na zalunci. Ƙarfin guba na Lucian akan Alexander an danganta shi da ƙiyayya ta Alexander ga Epicureans. Lucian ya yi sha'awar ayyukan Epicurus, yabo wanda ya kammala yanki, kuma ko Alexander ya kasance mai kula da zamba da yaudara kamar yadda Lucian ya nuna, watakila bai bambanta da sauran annabawa na zamanin ba, lokacin da yawancin cin zarafin rashin gaskiya ya faru a wasu wuraren ibada.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da rayuwar farko ta Alexander ba. A cewar labarin Lucian, ya kasance daga asalin Paphlagonian, kuma yana nuna cewa ya fito ne daga Abonoteichos kanta ko yankin Pontic da ke kewaye da shi. Yayinda yake mata, Lucian ya ce Alexander ya yi aiki a matsayin karuwa, har sai da ya shiga dangantaka ta soyayya da kasuwanci tare da ɗaya daga cikin abokan cinikinsa, mai sihiri wanda ya yi alfaharin zama almajirin Apollonius na Tyana. Alexander ya bi masoyinsa a cikin tafiye-tafiyensa kuma ya koyi sana'arsa; Lucian ya lura cewa, duk da kasancewa charlatan, maigidan Alexander ya koya masa wasu ilimin magunguna, wanda a nan gaba zai taimaka a matsayin hanyar samun amincewa. Bayan mutuwar masoyinsa, ba tare da wata hanyar da za ta samar da kansa ba, tun da yake ya riga ya tsufa don samun kuɗi daga karuwanci (an fahimci cewa yana cikin ƙarshen shekarunsa), Alexander ya tafi Byzantium, inda ya kafa al'umma tare da Cocconas ɗaya, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin mawaki (waƙoƙi wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan sihiri a cikin Tsohon zamani). Alexander da Cocconas, bayan wani lokaci suna aiki a matsayin masu sihiri masu tafiya, sun yanke shawarar kafa sabon annabi a garinsu na Alexander Abonoteichus (femin.: ♡βωνότειχος Abōnóteichos; daga baya Ionopolis), a kan Euxine, inda ya sami wadata da babban matsayi ta hanyar ikirarin warkar da marasa lafiya da kuma bayyana makomar.

Wani lokaci kafin 160 AZ Alexander ya kafa wata ƙungiya game da bautar sabon allahn maciji, Glycon, kuma ya kafa shi a Abonoteichus. Bayan ya yada annabci cewa za a sake haihuwar ɗan Apollo, ya yi tunanin cewa ya kamata a sami shi a cikin harsashin haikalin zuwa Aesculapius, sannan a yayin gini a Abonoteichus, kwai wanda aka sanya ƙaramin maciji mai rai. A cikin zamanin camfi babu wani mutum da ke da suna mai girma don gaskatawa kamar Paphlagonians, kuma Alexander ba shi da matsala wajen shawo kansu game da zuwan na biyu na allah a ƙarƙashin sunan Glycon. Wani babban maciji mai laushi tare da kan mutum na ƙarya, wanda ya ji rauni a jikin Alexander yayin da yake zaune a cikin wani wuri mai tsarki a cikin haikalin, "Alexander the False Prophet," translated with annotation by A. M. Harmon, Loeb Classical Library, 1936.  ya ba da "autophones", ko oracles ba tare da an ce ba.  Tambayoyi da yawa da aka yi wa annabi Alexander ya amsa su a cikin tsinkaya. A cikin shekarar da ya fi wadata an ce ya ba da kusan amsoshi 80,000, game da cututtukan jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa, ga kowannensu ya sami drachma da oboli biyu.
Ana haɗa umarnin warkarwa tare da annabawa, amma Alexander ya yi fiye da haka; ya kafa asiri kamar na Eleusis. Ta hanyar addinin Alexander ya sami wani matakin tasirin siyasa - 'yarsa ta auri Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus, gwamnan lardin Roma na Asiya. Ya sami masu bi daga Pontus zuwa Roma ta hanyar yin ƙarya da sihiri kuma an girmama shi kuma an tuntube shi a matsayin annabi ta hanyar sanannun mutane da yawa na zamaninsa.[1] A lokacin annoba ta shekara ta 166 an yi amfani da aya daga annabin a matsayin amulet kuma an rubuta shi a kan ƙofofin gidaje a matsayin kariya kuma Alexander ya aika annabin, bisa ga bukatar Marcus Aurelius, ga sojojin Romawa a kan Danube Marcomanni_Wars" id="mwbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Marcomannic Wars">a lokacin yakin da Marcomanni, yana bayyana cewa nasara za ta biyo baya a kan jefa zakuna biyu da rai a cikin kogi. Sakamakon ya kasance babban bala'i kuma Alexander ya nemi taimakon tsohuwar quibble na Delphic oracle ga Croesus don bayani.[2]

 Manazarta 

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