Sobel (Sierra Leone)

Sobel (portmanteau na soja + 'yan tawaye) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin siyasar Saliyo don komawa ga mambobin Sojojin Saliyo waɗanda suka kai hare-haren 'yan ta'adda. A shekara ta 1997, mambobin rundunar soji da aka sani da Majalisar Juyin Juya Halin Sojoji (AFRC) sun shirya juyin mulki. Sojojin, wadanda ke fada da 'yan tawaye da aka sani da Revolutionary United Front (RUF), sun haɗu da sojojin tare da waɗancan' yan tawaye kuma sun juya bindigoginsu kan jama'a, tare da asarar rayuka da yawa da kuma ta'addanci da yawa. Koyaya, aikin goyon bayan soja ga 'yan tawaye ya riga ya wuce wannan lokacin yayin da sojoji ke da hannu wajen samar da bindigogi da harsashi ga' yan tawaye tun farkon 1993  kuma kalmar "sobel" ta bayyana a cikin amfani na yau da kullun daga 1994.

Kodayake fuskar jama'a ta RUF ta kasance adawa da gwamnatin cin hanci da rashawa, da sauri ta zama ƙungiyar 'yan fashi. Da farko suna adawa da RUF, sojoji sun aikata ta'addanci da yawa a kan fararen hula a yankunan 'yan tawaye, wanda ya haifar da ƙiyayya ga jama'a.[1][2] A cewar Feldman da Arrous, wannan ya kara rage halin kirki tsakanin sojoji kuma wannan, haɗe da ƙananan abinci na gwamnati, ya shawo kan sojoji, waɗanda ake kira "sobels" ("soja da rana - 'yan tawaye da dare") da mazauna ƙauyen da abin ya shafa, don shiga cikin 'yan ta'adda. Wannan kuma shine lokacin yaƙi kan lu'u-lu'u na jini, lokacin da ya zama mai fa'ida don bayyana yana aiki a matsayin sojoji yayin da yake amfani da albarkatun ma'adanai.[1] Inganci da horo na sojojin sun ragu bayan 1991, lokacin da aka fadada shi daga mutane 3,000 zuwa 16,000 don yaƙi da RUF, tare da waɗanda aka dauka ba a bincika su yadda ya kamata ba kuma ba su da "ma'anar jagora, buri, horo, ko aminci". [3][4]

Kodayake Saliyo ita ce inda "sobel" neologism ya samo asali, ana iya lura da irin wannan yanayi a wasu sassan Afirka. Misali, Feldman da Arrous sun nuna rawar da mayakan Tuareg ke takawa a Mali da Nijar. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya don kawo karshen tawaye na Tuareg wani lokacin sun haɗa tsoffin 'yan tawaye cikin sojojin ƙasa. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan 'yan tawaye sun yi rashin jin daɗi da sojojin, wanda ya haifar da barin su kuma su koma zama' yan tawaye.Feldman, Robert L.; Arrous, Michel Ben (Winter 2013–14). "Confronting Africa's Sobels" (PDF). Parameters. 43 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 14, 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2016.

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