Robbie Robertson

Jaime Royal "Robbie" Robertson OC (Yuli 5, 1943 - Agusta 9, 2023) ya kasance mawaƙin Kanada, mawaƙi, kuma furodusa. Robertson shi ne jagorar guitarist na Bob Dylan. Ya kuma kasance guitarist kuma marubucin waƙoƙin farko na The Band daga farkonsa har zuwa lokacin da ya tashi a shekara ta 1976. A cikin aikinsa na solo, Robertson ya fitar da kundi shida. 

Ayyukan Robertson tare da Band sun taimaka wajen kirkirar nau'in kiɗa na Amurka. An shigar da shi cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame da Canadian Music Hall of Fame a matsayin memba na Band; an kuma shigar da shi a cikin Walk of Fame na Kanada, tare da Band kuma kansa. Robertson ya kasance na 59 a cikin jerin mujallar Rolling Stone ta 2011 na 100 mafi girma guitarists na kowane lokaci. Ya rubuta "The Weight" da "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down" tare da Band kuma yana da solo hit tare da "Somewhere Down the Crazy River". An shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Mawallafin Waƙoƙin Kanada kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Lifetime Achievement daga Kwalejin Mawallafin Kasa. 

Robertson ya haɗu a kan fina-finai da sauti na talabijin, yawanci tare da darektan Martin Scorsese . Ayyukansa na sauti sun fara ne da fim din The Band na ban kwana mai suna The Last Waltz (1978) kuma sun haɗa da fina-finai masu ban mamaki kamar su Raging Bull (1980), The King of Comedy (1983), The Color of Money (1986), The Irishman (2019), da Killers of the Flower Moon (2023), wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga ƙwaƙwalwarsa kuma ya ba shi gabatarwa bayan mutuwarsa don Kyautar Kwalejin Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun asali.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Jaime Royal "Robbie" Robertson was born on July 5, 1943. His mother, Rosemarie Dolly Chrysler, was born on February 6, 1922. Chrysler was Cayuga and Mohawk, and was raised on the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve southwest of Toronto near Hamilton. Chrysler later lived with an aunt in the Cabbagetown neighbourhood of Toronto and worked at the Coro jewellery plating factory. She met James Patrick Robertson there and married him in 1942.

James da Rosemarie Robertson sun ci gaba da aiki a masana'antar Coro, kuma sun zauna a unguwanni da yawa na Toronto yayin da Robbie Robertson yake yaro. : 55 : 65 Ɗaya daga cikin yara,  Robbie Robertson sau da yawa yakan yi tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsa zuwa ajiyar Kasashe shida don ziyartar iyali. A nan ne aka koya masa guitar, musamman daga dan uwansa Herb Myke. Ya zama mai sha'awar rock da roll da rhythm da blues ta hanyar rediyo, yana sauraron dan wasan disc George "Hound Dog" Lorenz yana wasa da dutse a kan WKBW daga Buffalo, New York, kuma yana tsayawa don sauraron wasan kwaikwayo na John R. a kan WLAC, tashar tashar tashoshi a Nashville, Tennessee. : 65–66 

Lokacin da Robertson ke da shekaru 12, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ke cikin aiwatar da saki daga James Robertson, ta gaya masa cewa mahaifinsa na zahiri Alexander David Klegerman ne. Klegerman 'yar wasan caca ce ta Yahudawa-Amurka  wacce mahaifiyar Robertson ta kasance tare da ita kafin aurenta da James Robertson . Klegerman ya mutu a hatsarin da aka yi a kan Sarauniya Elizabeth Way kafin a haifi Robbie Robertson. Mahaifiyar Robertson ta shirya ɗanta ya sadu da kawunsa, Morris (Morrie) da Nathan (Natie) Klegerman. Robertson daga baya ya bayyana cewa kawunsa "da sauri sun ja ni cikin duniyarsu kuma sun fita da hanyarsu don sa ni ji kamar iyali".

 Farkon aiki 
Lokacin da Robertson yake da shekaru 14, ya yi aiki biyu na gajeren lokaci a cikin zagaye na carnival, na farko na 'yan kwanaki a wani yanki na Toronto, sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimakin a wani wasan kwaikwayo na makonni uku a lokacin baje kolin kasa na Kanada. Daga baya ya samo asali daga wannan gogewa don waƙarsa "Life is a Carnival" (tare da Band) da fim din Carny (1980), wanda ya samar kuma ya fito a ciki.

Ƙungiyar farko da Robertson ya shiga ita ce Little Kaisar da Consuls, waɗanda aka kafa a 1956 ta hanyar pianist / vocalist Bruce Morshead da guitarist Gene MacLellan. Ya zauna tare da kungiyar kusan shekara guda, yana buga waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da su a raye-raye na matasa. A shekara ta 1957, ya kafa Robbie da Rhythm Chords tare da abokinsa Pete "Thumper" Traynor (wanda daga baya ya kafa Traynor Amplifiers). Sun canza sunansu zuwa Robbie da Robots bayan sun kalli fim din Forbidden Planet kuma sun ji daɗin halin fim din Robby the Robot. Traynor ya tsara guitar din Robertson don Robots, ya dace da shi tare da antennae da wayoyi don ba shi yanayin sararin samaniya. Traynor da Robertson sun haɗu da pianist Scott Cushnie kuma sun zama The Suedes . A wani wasan kwaikwayo na Suedes a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1959, lokacin da suka buga CHUM Radio's Hif Fi Club a kan titin Merton na Toronto, Ronnie Hawkins ya fara sanin su kuma ya burge shi sosai ya shiga su don 'yan lambobi. 

 1974: Ganawa da Bob Dylan 
Bayan sun koma Malibu a 1973, Robertson da Band sun gano wani ranch a Malibu kusa da Zuma Beach da ake kira "Shangri-La" kuma sun yanke shawarar hayar dukiyar. Fitar da kundin The Basement Tapes (1975), wanda aka ba da kyauta ga Bob Dylan da Band, shine samar da kundi na farko da ya faru a sabon ɗakin karatu a Shangri-La. Kundin, wanda Robertson ya samar, ya ƙunshi zaɓi na kaset daga zaman Basement Tapes na asali na 1967 tare da Dylan, da kuma demos don waƙoƙi da aka rubuta don kundin Music From Big Pink. Robertson ya tsabtace waƙoƙin, kuma an saki kundin a watan Yulin 1975. : 311–13 

Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da su a cikin kundi na gaba na Band, Northern Lights - Southern Cross (1975), shine "Acadian Driftwood", waƙar farko ta Band tare da batun Kanada na musamman. Robertson ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don rubuta "Acadian Driftwood" bayan ya ga shirin fim na 1971 Acadia, Acadia (L'Acadie, L'Acadie?!?)  a gidan talabijin na Kanada yayin da yake Montreal. : 298-299 : 77-79 Northern Lights - Southern Cross an sake shi a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1975. Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita gaba ɗaya, : kuma ya kai No. 26 a kan sigogi na Billboard, ya kasance a kan Top 40 na makonni biyar.  

 1976-1978: Waltz na Ƙarshe 
The Band ya sake fara yawon shakatawa a watan Yunin 1976, yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a duk lokacin rani. Mambobin Band suna raguwa don yin aiki a kan wasu ayyukan, tare da Levon Helm gina ɗakin karatu a Woodstock kuma Rick Danko an kwantar da shi ga Arista Records a matsayin mai zane-zane. Yayinda yake kan yawon shakatawa na rani, memba Richard Manuel ya ji rauni sosai a wuyansa a hatsarin jirgin ruwa, don haka an soke kwanakin goma. : 324–5 

 Rikici na haƙƙin mallaka 
An ba da Robertson a matsayin marubuci ko marubucin mafi yawan waƙoƙin The Band kuma, a sakamakon haka, ya sami mafi yawan waƙar da aka samar daga kiɗa. Wannan ya zama batun jayayya, musamman ga Helm. A cikin tarihin kansa na 1993, This Wheel's on Fire: Levon Helm and the Story of The Band, Helm ya yi jayayya da ingancin rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙin kamar yadda aka jera a cikin kundin kuma ya bayyana cewa an kirkiro waƙoƙarorin The Band tare da haɗin gwiwar dukkan mambobi. Danko ya yarda da Helm: "Ina tsammanin littafin Levon ya buga ƙusa a kai game da inda Robbie da Albert Grossman da wasu daga cikin mutanen suka yi kuskure kuma lokacin da The Band ya daina zama The Band... Ni abokai ne da gaske tare da kowa amma, hey - zai iya faruwa ga Levon, ma. Lokacin da mutane suka dauki kansu da gaske kuma suka yi imani da kansu da yawa a cikin wa'a, yawanci suna shiga matsala.  Robertson ya musanta cewa Helm ya rubuta kowane ɗayan waƙoƙin da aka danganta ga Robertson.

 Ayyukan zaman da aikin samarwa 
Robertson ya samar da kundi na farko na Jesse Winchester, wanda aka saki a 1970 a kan Ampex Records .  Kundin ya ƙunshi Robertson yana wasa da guitar a cikin kundin, kuma ya ba da kyauta ga waƙar "Snow" ga Robertson.

Robertson ya buga guitar a kan tsohon Beatle [./<i id=]Ringo_Starr" id="mwBQY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr na uku solo album, Ringo (1973), yana aiki tare da kashi huɗu cikin biyar na Band a kan waƙar "Sunshine Life For Me (Sail Away Raymond) ". Robertson ya ba da gudummawar solo na guitar a kan waƙar "Snookeroo" a kan kundi na huɗu na Starr, Goodnight Vienna (1974). 

 Ayyukan kansa 

 Robbie Robertson (1987) 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba
MANAZARTA