Melpomene

Melpomene / / m ɛl ˈpɒmɪniː / ; Hellenanci na dā Ancient Greek         ) ita ce Muse na bala'i a cikin tatsuniyoyin Girkawa . An siffanta ta a matsayin 'yar Zeus da Mnemosyne (saboda haka na iko da tunawa) tare da sauran Muse, kuma sau da yawa ana nuna ta da abin rufe fuska mai ban tausayi.

Asalin Sunan Melpomene (wanda ke nufin ma'anar "Mawaƙa Mai Waƙa"  ) ya samo asali ne daga masana ilimin ƙamus daga fi'ilin Girka na da μέλπω ( melpô ) ko kuma daga inflection μέλπομαι ( melpomai ) ma'ana "a yi biki da rawa da waƙa".  Kamus ɗin Turanci na Oxford ya ambaci μέλπειν ( melpein - a rera waƙa). 

 Tatsuniya 
Melpomene yana ɗaya daga cikin Muses tara, Muse na bala'i. McPherson, Heather (2000). "Picturing Tragedy: Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse Revisited". Eighteenth-Century Studies. 33 (3): 401–430. doi:10.1353/ecs.2000.0029. ISSN 0013-2586. JSTOR 30053950. Hesiod, Apollodorus, da Diodorus Siculus duk sun ɗauka cewa Melpomene ɗiyar Zeus da Mnemosyne ce . Ita ce 'yar'uwar sauran Muses, Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Polyhymnia, Terpichore, Thalia, da Urania . [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">an buƙata ambato</span> ] Apollodorus, Lycophron, da Gaius Julius Hyginus sun ce Melpomene ita ce uwar sirens, kodayake wasu marubuta na da sun gano wannan rawar da wasu mutane. 

An bayyana Melpomene a matsayin mai rera wakokin makoki ga mutanen da suka shahara bayan sun mutu, musamman mawaka. 

 Ikon hoto da kuma taswira 
Zane-zanen Melpomene na iya haɗawa da abin rufe fuska mai ban tausayi, buskins, lyres, scrolls, da kuma kambin ganye.  Haka kuma ana iya nuna ta da wuƙa da kofi. Mai ba da labari Anthony Pasquin ya bayyana Melpomene a matsayin "mai son kisan kai". McPherson, Heather (2000). "Picturing Tragedy: Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse Revisited". Eighteenth-Century Studies. 33 (3): 401–430. doi:10.1353/ecs.2000.0029. ISSN 0013-2586. JSTOR 30053950.

Mai zane-zanen tarihi Cesare Ripa ya bayyana Melpomene a cikin littafinsa na Iconologia . Wani bugu na Turanci ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mace mai tausayi wacce ke cikin makoki; tana riƙe da wuƙa mai jini a hannun damanta; a bayanta, a ƙasa, rigar zane ta zinariya, da duwatsu masu daraja iri-iri; an yi mata ado da cothurni ". Wani kuma ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mai girman kai, cikin rigar jarumtaka, tare da kanta mai kyau; tana riƙe da kofi a hannu ɗaya, da wuƙa a ɗayan, tare da kambi da sanda a ƙafafunta; an yi mata ado da buskins, waɗanda tsoffin masifun suka yi amfani da su. Bangaren kabari da rigar jarumtaka suna nuna cewa bala'i wakilci ne na ayyukan shahara da na tarihi". 

 Kira da Amfani 

 Adabi 
A cikin waƙoƙin Girkanci da Latin tun daga Horace (wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa), yawanci ana kiran Melpomene da kyau.  Horace ya kira Melpomene a Ode 3.30, lokacin da ya bayyana waƙarsa a matsayin abin tunawa kamar kabarin kowane sarki. Mawakin ya roƙi Melpomene da ya yi masa rawani da kambin laurel ya kuma sanya shi ya zama mawaƙi mai lambar yabo . 

 Zane-zane na gani 
Tsohon hoton Virgil da ya tsira, wani zane mai siffar mosaic da aka yi tun ƙarni na farko, ya nuna Virgil tsakanin Melpomene da Clio, masanin tarihi. Masanin tauhidi Louis A. Ruprecht ya fassara wannan a matsayin sharhi kan kamanceceniya tsakanin yin rikodin tarihi da rubuta ayyukan almara na bala'i. 

An tono wani gidan wanka na Romawa a Decapolis a shekarar 2018, inda aka gano mutum-mutumi shida da aka fi kiyayewa na Muses. Mutum-mutumin Melpomene yana da tsawon santimita 62 kuma an yi shi da marmara na Pentelic . Kan sa ya ɓace, amma abin rufe fuska da ke kan cinyarsa ya gane shi. 

 Manazarta