Eva Zeisel

Eva Striker Zeisel  (an haife ta Éva Amália Striker,  13 ga Nuwamba, 1906 - 30 ga Disamba, 2011) ƙwararriyar mai ƙira ce 'yar ƙasar Hungary wadda aka sani da aikinta da yumbu, musamman tun daga lokacin da ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Siffofinta galibi suna ɗauke da bayanai game da duniyar halitta da alaƙar ɗan adam.  Ayyuka daga cikin ayyukanta masu ban mamaki suna cikin muhimman tarin kayan tarihi a faɗin duniya. Zeisel ta ayyana kanta a matsayin "mai ƙera abubuwa masu amfani." 

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Rayuwar farko da iyali 
An haife ta a Budapest, Hungary, a shekarar 1906  ga wani iyali Yahudawa masu arziki da ilimi mai zurfi. Mahaifiyarta, Laura Polányi Striker, masaniyar tarihi, ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Budapest . Aikin Striker kan abubuwan da Kyaftin John Smith ya yi a Hungary ya ƙara mana fahimtar da kuma godiya game da amincinsa a matsayin mai ba da labari. Kawun Zeisel su ne Karl Polanyi, masanin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kuma Michael Polanyi, masanin kimiyyar sinadarai da falsafar kimiyya. 

 Ilimi 
Duk da cewa iyalinta sun shahara a fannin kimiyya, Zeisel ta kasance tana jin sha'awar fasaha sosai. Tana da shekaru 17, ta shiga Magyar Képzőművészeti Akadémia (Hungarian Royal Academy of Fine Arts)  a Budapest a matsayin mai zane. "Eva S. Zeisel".  Domin tallafawa zanenta, ta yanke shawarar neman sana'a mafi amfani kuma ta horar da kanta ga Jakob Karapancsik, ƙwararren tukwane na ƙarshe a tsarin ƙungiyar tsakiyar zamanai. Daga gare shi ta koyi tukwane. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta cancanci zama mai tafiya a cikin Ƙungiyar Hungarian ta Chimney Sweeps, Masu Yin Murhu, Masu Taya Rufi, Masu Haƙa Rijiyoyi, da Masu Gina Tukwane.  Bayan kammala karatunta a matsayin mai tafiya, ta sami aiki a Hansa-Kust-Keramik, wani shagon sayar da yumbu a Hamburg, Jamus. 

 Aiki na farko, ɗaurin kurkuku, da ƙaura 
A shekarar 1928, Zeisel ta zama mai tsara Schramberger Majolikafabrik a yankin Black Forest na Jamus inda ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu tana ƙirƙirar zane-zane da yawa na siffofi masu ban sha'awa don kayan cin abinci, kayan shayi, tukwane, tawada da sauran kayan yumbu. Tsarin gine-ginen zamani ya yi tasiri sosai ga ƙirarta a Schramberg.  Bugu da ƙari, ta koyi yin zane da kamfas da ruler kuma tana alfahari da amfani da su. A shekarar 1930, Zeisel ta ƙaura zuwa Berlin, tana tsara zane ga masana'antar Carstens . A wannan lokacin, ta haɗu da masanin kimiyyar lissafi Alexander Weissberg, wanda daga baya ya yi aiki a Kharkov . Sun fara aiki a 1932.

Bayan kusan shekaru biyu na rayuwa mai kyau tsakanin masana ilimi da masu fasaha a Berlin mai cike da rudani, Zeisel ta yanke shawarar ziyartar Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1932, inda za ta zauna na tsawon shekaru 5. "Eva S. Zeisel". 

A lokacin tana da shekaru 29, bayan ta yi aiki da dama a masana'antar yumbu ta Rasha - tana duba masana'antu a Ukraine da kuma tsara masana'antar Lomonosov [1] da Dulevo - an nada Zeisel a matsayin darektan fasaha na Rasha China da Glass Trust. [2] A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1936, yayin da take zaune a Moscow, an kama Zeisel. An zarge ta da karya da hannu a wani makircin kisan kai da aka yi wa Joseph Stalin . [1] An tsare ta a gidan yari na tsawon watanni 16, 12 daga cikinsu an tsare su kadai. [3] A watan Satumba na 1937, an koro ta zuwa Vienna, Austria. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ta fuskanta a gidan yari sun zama tushen littafin Darkness at Noon, wanda abokinta na yarinta, Arthur Koestler ya rubuta. [1] A lokacin da take Vienna ne ta sake yin mu'amala da mijinta na gaba Hans Zeisel, wanda daga baya ya zama masanin shari'a, masanin kididdiga, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Chicago . Watanni kaɗan bayan isowarta Vienna, ' yan Nazi sun mamaye birnin, kuma Zeisel ta hau jirgin ƙasa na ƙarshe. Ita da Hans sun haɗu a Ingila inda suka yi aure suka yi tafiya zuwa Amurka da dala 67 a tsakaninsu.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906