Dokar kiwon lafiya

Dokar lafiya fanni ne na doka wanda ya ƙunshi dokokin tarayya, jiha, da na gida, dokoki, ƙa'idoji da sauran hukunce-hukunce tsakanin masu samar da kayayyaki, masu biyan kuɗi da masu sayar da kayayyaki ga masana'antar kiwon lafiya da marasa lafiya, da kuma isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya, tare da mai da hankali kan ayyuka, dokoki da batutuwan ciniki. [1] [2]

 Kalmomi 
Dokar Florida Bar ta bayyana "dokar lafiya" a matsayin "matsalolin shari'a da suka shafi dokokin tarayya, jiha, ko na gida, dokoki ko ƙa'idoji da batutuwan masu ba da kiwon lafiya, ƙa'idojin masu ba da sabis, batutuwan shari'a game da dangantaka tsakanin da tsakanin masu ba da sabis, batutuwan shari'a game da alaƙa tsakanin masu ba da sabis da masu biyan kuɗi, da batutuwan shari'a game da isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya." Definition of Health Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization  Kwalejin shari'a ta Jami'ar Amurka, a fannin dokokin lafiya da manufofin kiwon lafiya, ta raba dokar lafiya zuwa fannoni 4: dokar kiwon lafiya (mai da hankali kan magani), dokar lafiyar jama'a da ta jama'a (mai da hankali kan rigakafi), ƙa'idodin halittu, da dokar kiwon lafiya ta duniya.

Ana amfani da kalmomin " dokoki " da " doka " don nufin dokoki, ƙa'idoji da sauran kayan aikin shari'a (misali dokokin ministoci) waɗanda za su iya zama nau'ikan doka da ake amfani da su a wata ƙasa ta musamman. 

Gabaɗaya, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na tsare-tsare da za a iya amfani da su don tabbatar da lafiyar mutane da amincinsu. A mafi yawan lokuta, masu kula da harkokin shari'a suna ɗaukar hanyar "tsari mai amsawa". Wannan ya ƙunshi amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace da mahallin, ɗabi'a, da al'adun waɗanda ake kula da su, wanda ke samar da hanyoyi daban-daban na tsare-tsare don cimma ɗabi'ar da ake so. Inda ya dace, manufar ita ce a yi amfani da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa kafin a sanya takunkumi. Duk da haka, idan waɗanda ake kula da su ba su mayar da martani yadda ya kamata ba, ana iya amfani da ƙarin takunkumi. Waɗannan dabarun za a iya rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyar:

 son rai: bin ƙa'idodin son rai da wata ƙungiya ta yi ba tare da tilastawa ba;
 tsara kai: misali, ƙungiya mara tsari wadda ke tsara halayen membobinta ta hanyar ƙa'idar aiki ta son rai;
 kayan aikin tattalin arziki: misali, samar da takunkumin samar da kuɗi ko ƙarfafa gwiwa ga masu samar da kiwon lafiya, da/ko matakan da suka shafi buƙata waɗanda ke ba wa masu amfani ƙarin iko;
 ƙa'idojin aiki: wanda ya haɗa da hukumar kula da lafiya ta waje don tabbatar da cewa masu samar da kiwon lafiya suna aiwatar da ayyuka da shirye-shirye na aminci da inganci;
 hanyoyin umarni da iko: wanda ya shafi aiwatar da doka ta gwamnati

 Aikin shari'a 

 Dokar kwangila
 Rashin adalci a fannin likitanci
 Dokar lafiya
 Dokar gudanarwa
 Dokar lafiyar jama'a
 Yarjejeniya

A Amurka, magani da doka suna da alaƙa. Dokar ta shiga tsakani don tsara nauyin magani, wanda a zahiri dokar kwangila ce ke mulki. Likitoci suna da 'yancin ƙin magani, idan babu gaggawa, lokacin da babu wata dangantaka ta likita da mara lafiya a baya. Duk da haka, a cewar EMTALA, likitoci ba za su iya nuna wariya saboda nakasa ba, ko su yi watsi da majiyyaci, ko kuma su ƙi yin aikinsu a lokacin gaggawa.

 Takaddun shaida na hukumar 
An fara ɗaukar dokar lafiya a matsayin wata ƙwarewa ta daban ta Hukumar Ƙwarewar Shari'a ta Lauyoyin Florida a shekarar 1995. Lauyoyi za su iya samun takardar shaidar hukumar a fannin dokar lafiya kuma za su iya bayyana kansu a matsayin "ƙwararren lauya" ko "ƙwararren lauya." Definition of Health Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization A shekara ta 2002, Texas ta ɗauki irin wannan shirin. 

 Ilimi 
Lauyoyi na iya samun ƙarin ilimi a fannin aikin dokar lafiya ta hanyar shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu na Digiri na Biyu (LL.M.) da ake samu a wasu makarantun shari'a. LL.M. yana nuna matakin aiki da karatu mafi girma fiye da digiri na farko na doka (JD ko BSL). Wasu makarantun shari'a tare da shirye-shiryen shari'a na digiri na biyu suna ba da digiri na gaba ɗaya na LL.M. tare da mai da hankali kan dokar lafiya, dokar lafiya ta duniya, dokar lafiyar jama'a, maganin shari'a, ko makamancin haka. Definition of Health Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization

 Rashin Aiki 
Rashin kula da lafiya shi ma wani yanki ne da doka da magani ke da alaƙa, wanda ya shafi tsarin kulawa, inda ƙa'idodin yanki iri ɗaya na al'ada za su iya aiki. Definition of Health Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization Akwai iya samun ra'ayoyi daban-daban, inda ake da suna da kuma wasu ka'idoji waɗanda za a iya dogara da su bisa ga dabarar hannu.

Akwai wasu muhimman fannoni a fannin rashin bin ka'ida a fannin likitanci, kamar dalili, inda akwai yiwuwar rashin lafiya da kuma asarar dama. Lalacewa, inda darajar rayuwa da gyare-gyaren laifi suka bambanta, da kuma kariya mai kyau, a cikin koyarwar yarda da aka sani, inda sassauci ba zai iya wadatarwa ba. Akwai dokoki kamar dokar ganowa da ke cewa dokar iyakancewa ta fara aiki ne lokacin da aka gano raunin ba lokacin da ya faru ba. 

 Duba kuma 

 Ilimin Halittu
 Lafiya ta duniya
 Manufar lafiya
 Tallafawa lafiya
 Tsarin lafiya
 Dokar Lafiya
 Manufar magunguna
 Lafiyar jama'a
 Tsarin kayayyakin magani
 Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya
 Kula da lafiya ta duniya baki ɗaya

 Nassoshi 

 Ƙarin karatu 

 Mujallar Dokokin Lafiya ta Turai,  (lantarki)  (Takarda), Springer
 Mujallar Siyasar Lafiya, Manufofi da Doka,  (lantarki)  (takarda), Jami'ar Duke Press

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje