Tsarin Normandy

The Normandy Format (Faransa: Format Normandie), wanda aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar hulɗa ta Normandy ko Normandy Four, ƙungiya ce ta jihohin da suka haɗu tsakanin 2014 da 2022 a ƙoƙarin warware yaƙi a Donbas da kuma Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine. Kasashe huɗu da suka kafa kungiyar - Jamus, Rasha, Ukraine, da Faransa - sun fara haduwa ba bisa ka'ida ba a shekarar 2014 a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 70 na bukukuwan D-Day a Normandy, Faransa. Kungiyar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sulhu da Yarjejeniyar Minsk tsakanin 2014 da 2015 yayin da wasu tarurruka a 2022 suka kasa rage tashin hankali da ke karuwa kafin mamayar Rasha a Ukraine.

 Tarihi 
Tsarin Normandy ya riga ya wuce ta Yarjejeniyar Geneva (Sakamako), wanda Ukraine, Rasha, Tarayyar Turai, da Amurka suka sanya hannu a watan Afrilun 2014. Kamar yadda Paul D'Anieri ya rubuta, "A cikin fassarar Rasha, ta yi wa gwamnatin Ukraine alkawarin hana yin amfani da karfi a kan masu rabuwa. Na biyu, ta shiga tsakani a cikin tsarin mulki na Ukraine, inda Rasha ta goyi bayan rarraba mulki. Na uku, ta magance rikicin a matsayin rikici na ciki na Ukraine - Rasha kanta ba ta da wani wajibai". [1]

Kungiyar, idan aka kwatanta da tsarin Geneva na baya, ba ta haɗa da Amurka ba. Masu kallo sun bayyana wannan ci gaba a matsayin mai fa'ida ga Rasha kuma ya taimaka wajen "kashe" Turai daga Amurka. Tsarin ya yi aiki galibi ta hanyar kiran waya tsakanin shugabannin da ministocin kasashen waje, tare da tarurruka a wasu lokuta tsakanin dukkan shugabannin hudu. Taron Normandy Format a wasu lokuta sun hada da Belarus, Italiya, da Ingila. 

 Taron da aka yi 

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 

 Bénouville" id="mwQA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Château de Bénouville">Gidan sarauta na Bénouville, Bénouvila, Normandy, Faransa - 6 Yuni 2014
 Milan, Italiya - 16-17 Oktoba 2014
 Minsk, Belarus - 11-12 Fabrairu 2015
 Fadar Elysee, Paris, Faransa - 2 ga Oktoba 2015
 Berlin, Jamus - 19 ga Oktoba 2016
 Paris, Faransa - 9 ga Disamba 2019
 Paris, Faransa - 26 Janairu 2022
 Berlin, Jamus - 10 Fabrairu 2022

 Taron farko (Yuni 2014) 
An kirkiro kungiyar ne a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2014, lokacin da shugabannin daga Faransa, Jamus, Rasha, da Ukraine suka hadu a gefen bikin cika shekaru 70 na saukowar hadin gwiwa a Normandy. Petro Poroshenko na Ukraine ya shiga cikin waɗannan tattaunawar kafin a rantsar da shi a matsayin Shugaban kasa kwana daya bayan haka.

Tattaunawar farko a cikin 2014 ta haifar da kafa kungiyar Trilateral Contact Group don sauƙaƙe ƙarin tattaunawa tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine. Wannan, tare da sulhu ta hanyar Normandy Format, kai tsaye ya haifar da kafa Minsk Protocol . [1] Wannan yarjejeniyar, wacce aka sanya hannu a watan Satumbar 2014, ta tsara tanadi da yawa don zaman lafiya a Yankin Donbas da Crimea.

 Taron na biyu (Oktoba 2014) 
An gudanar da taron 16-17 Oktoba 2014 a Milan, Italiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na 10th Asia-Europe Taron. 

 Taron na uku (Fabrairu 2015) 
Bayan ci gaba da rushe dangantakar a farkon 2015, Tsarin Normandy ya haɗu yayin tattaunawa a Minsk, Belarus daga 11 zuwa 12 Fabrairu 2015.  Wannan ya haifar da shirin diflomasiyya na hadin gwiwa na Faransa da Jamus, wanda aka tattauna da dare sama da sa'o'i goma sha shida yayin da kungiyar ta hadu a Minsk. Kunshin da ke fitowa, Minsk II, ya tattauna game da tsagaita wuta da kuma shirye-shiryen sake fasalin cikin gida a Ukraine.

 Taron na huɗu (Oktoba 2015) 
An gudanar da taron Normandy Format a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2015 a Paris, Faransa. Taron ya dauki sa'o'i hudu kuma ya haifar da mahalarta sun amince da cewa ya kamata a gudanar da zabe a yankunan da DPR da LPR ke sarrafawa bisa ga dokokin da Minsk II ta tsara. An jinkirta waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka akai-akai kuma an gudanar da su a cikin 2018.

 Taron na biyar (Oktoba 2016) 
An gudanar da taron Normandy Format a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2016 a Berlin, Jamus.

An dakatar da tattaunawa da tattaunawa daga 2016 har zuwa kaka na 2019, tare da Vladimir Putin ya ki shiga cikin ƙarin tattaunawa bayan taron.[1]

 Taron na shida (Disamba 2019) 
Shugaban Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a cikin jawabinsa na farko na Mayu 2019 ya sanya tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Rasha babban fifiko. Ya sake tabbatar da wannan fifiko a watan Yulin wannan shekarar lokacin da ya gayyaci sauran kasashe ta hanyar YouTube zuwa tattaunawa. Ya ce: "Bari mu tattauna ko wanene Crimea kuma wanda ba ya yankin Donbas".

A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin 2019, an amince da tsagaita wuta "cikakken" tare da sasantawa ta Trilateral Contact Group a kan Ukraine.

A farkon watan Satumbar 2019, Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron da Shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin sun bayyana niyyar su gudanar da taron Normandy Format . [1] A ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, an ambaci "ci gaba da jayayya" a matsayin abin da ya haifar da "yaƙin siyasa" a kan farkon tattaunawar, kamar yadda suka kasance tun taron Normandy Format a 2016 a Berlin.[2] Har ila yau, a ƙarshen Satumba, kiran waya tsakanin Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump da Zelenskyy wanda ƙarshen ya bayyana goyon bayan Faransa da Jamus kamar yadda ya lalata hoton Zelenskyay a Turai.[3][4][5] A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, Zelenskyy ya sake maimaita sanarwa a wani taron manema labarai na jama'a.[6] A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, shugabannin Faransa da Jamus sun yanke shawarar amincewa da wani taron Normandy Format, wanda ya faru a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2019 a Paris, Faransa, lokacin da Putin da Zelenskyy suka hadu a karo na farko kuma kawai har zuwa 2022.[7][8]

A cikin littafinsa na 2024 The Showman, ɗan jaridar Mujallar Time Simon Shuster, bisa ga tambayoyin da ya yi da jami'an Ukraine, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Putin a lokacin taron ya ce Ukraine ba ta cika wajibai a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Minsk ba kuma Merkel ta yarda da korafinsa. Shuster ya bayyana cewa bangarorin biyu sun kasa cika yarjejeniyar, tare da Ukraine ba ta ba da ikon cin gashin kanta ga Donbas da Rasha ba ta janye dakarunta ba.[1][2]

 Dubi kuma 

 Gabatarwa ga mamayar Rasha a Ukraine
 Tattaunawar zaman lafiya a cikin yakin Rasha da Ukraine (2022-yanzu) 
 Yarjejeniyar Budapest
 Yarjejeniyar Minsk
 Kungiyar Tattaunawa ta Kasashe Uku a Ukraine

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba