Stuart Hampshire

Sir Stuart Newton Hampshire FBA (1 ga Oktoba 1914 - 13 ga Yuni 2004) masanin falsafa ne na Ingila, mai sukar adabi kuma shugaban jami'a.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin masu tunani na Oxford masu adawa da ra'ayi waɗanda suka ba da sabuwar alkibla ga tunanin ɗabi'a da siyasa a zamanin bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Hampshire a Healing, Lincolnshire, ɗan George Newton Hampshire, ɗan kasuwar kifi a Grimsby da ke kusa.  Hampshire ya yi karatu a Makarantar Lockers Park da ke Hertfordshire (inda ya yi karo da Guy Burgess), Stewart Purvia, Jeff Hulbert, Guy Burgess: The Spy Who Knew Everyone (Biteback Publishing, 2016, ), p.6 Makarantar Repton da Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford, inda ya yi karatun digiri a fannin tarihi .  Bai takaita ga tarihi ba, ya koma ga nazarin Greats  kuma ya nutsar da kansa cikin nazarin zane da adabi. Kamar yadda al'adar Balliol take, ci gaban iliminsa ya fi muhimmanci ga mutanen zamaninsa masu hazaka fiye da masu koyar da ilimi. Bayan ya yi digiri na farko, a shekarar 1936 an zaɓe shi zuwa Kwalejin Fellowship of All Souls, Oxford,  inda ya fara bincike da koyar da falsafa a matsayin mai bin ra'ayin tunani mai kyau . Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar tattaunawa ta yau da kullun tare da wasu manyan masana falsafa na zamaninsa, ciki har da JL Austin, HLA Hart, da Isaiah Berlin . 

A shekarar 1940, a lokacin barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, ya shiga soja kuma aka ba shi kwamiti. Saboda rashin kwarewarsa ta zahiri, an nada shi mataimakinsa a fannin leƙen asiri na soja kusa da Landan inda ya yi aiki tare da abokan aikinsa na Oxford kamar Gilbert Ryle da Hugh Trevor-Roper .  Haɗuwarsa a matsayin mai yi wa jami'an Nazi tambayoyi a ƙarshen yaƙin ya sa ya dage kan gaskiyar mugunta .  Stewart Purvia, Jeff Hulbert, Guy Burgess: The Spy Who Knew Everyone (Biteback Publishing, 2016, ), p.6

Bayan yaƙin, ya yi aiki a gwamnati kafin ya koma aikinsa a fannin falsafa. Daga 1947 zuwa 1950, ya koyar a Kwalejin Jami'a ta Landan, daga baya kuma ya zama memba na Kwalejin New, Oxford .  An fara buga karatunsa na Spinoza a 1951.  A 1955, ya koma All Souls, a matsayin ma'aikacin gida kuma mai kula da gida. 

A shekarar 1962, Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Burtaniya ta nemi Hampshire ta gudanar da bita kan GCHQ, wanda ya shafi fannoni na fasaha, siyasa, tattalin arziki da dabaru a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ciki har da dangantaka da Hukumar Tsaron Kasa ta Amurka ta hanyar dangantakar UKUSA . 'Rahoton Hampshire' ya kafa alkibla da kuɗaɗen da GCHQ za ta samu nan gaba kuma ya sanya dangantakarta da NSA a matsayin cibiyar ci gabanta. 

Littafinsa mai suna "Thought and Action " (1959) ya jawo hankali sosai, musamman daga abokin aikinsa na Oxford Iris Murdoch .  Ya gabatar da ka'idar falsafar tunani mai niyya game da ci gaban ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Duk da cewa ya ɗauki yawancin falsafar nahiyar a matsayin "marasa kyau da zamba", Hampshire ta sami rinjaye sosai daga Maurice Merleau-Ponty . Ya dage cewa falsafar tunani "ta gurɓata ta hanyar masana falsafa ne kawai lokacin da suke tunanin mutane a matsayin masu lura marasa aiki ba wai a matsayin masu son kai ba". A cikin littattafansa na baya, Hampshire ya nemi canza falsafar ɗabi'a daga mai da hankali kan halayen ma'ana na maganganun ɗabi'a zuwa abin da ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin muhimmiyar tambayar matsalolin ɗabi'a yayin da suke gabatar da kansu a gare mu a matsayin wakilai masu amfani.
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914
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