Thomas Octavius Callender

Sir Thomas Octavius Callender (9 ga Afrilu 1855 - 2 ga Disamba 1938) injiniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa, wanda ya inganta masana'antar lantarki.

 Rayuwa 
Thomas Callender an haife shi a Clydeview, Partick, Lanarkshire, Scotland, babba daga cikin 'ya'ya goma na William Ormiston Callender na Bournemouth (1827-1908), mai siyarwa, da matarsa, Jean, née Marshall, 'yar mai fata na Greenock. Ya tafi makaranta a Greenock, a London kuma daga baya a Boulogne-sur-Mer . A lokacin yakin Franco-Prussian, dole ne ya bar Faransa kuma daga baya ya shiga kamfanin mahaifinsa a London, inda ya mai da hankali kan asphalt, paving, da kuma kasuwancin gyaran bitumen, wanda mahaifinsa ya kafa. Thomas Callender da ɗan'uwansa sun kafa, a cikin 1877, tare da mahaifinsu, wanda ya sami sha'awa a wani ɓangare na shigo da bitumen daga Trinidad don yin hanya da sauran dalilai na hana ruwa - Pitch Lake . Ofisoshin sun kasance a 150 Leadenhall Street, London, tare da karamin refinery a Millwall, inda aka sauka da bitumen. An tsabtace bitumen da yawa kuma an yi amfani da su don yin hanya da kuma gina gine-gine. Callender ya tabbatar da cewa an cire duk ƙazanta a tushe, don rage farashin sufuri. Kamfanin ya sami kwangila da yawa na yin hanyoyi na kasashen waje.
Thomas_Octavius_Callender
A ziyarar da ya kai St Petersburg a 1880, Callender ya burge gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka kunna ta kyandirorin Yablochkov. Don amfani da kasuwar da ke tasowa don hasken lantarki, Callender ya yanke shawarar canza kasuwancin zuwa samar da igiyoyi masu rufi.

Gwaje-gwaje na 1881 akan samar da waya mai rufi tare da bitumen mai ƙwanƙwasawa sun fara ne a sabon masana'antar su a Erith, Kent. 1882 An kafa Kamfanin Bitumen Telegraph da Waterproof na Callender don tallafawa ci gaban bitumen vulcanized. A farkon shekarun 1880, Callender ya kirkiro tsarin Callender mai ƙarfi, inda aka shimfiɗa igiyoyi a cikin bututun katako kuma an saka su cikin bitumen.

Callender ne ke da alhakin gudanar da ayyukan Erith. Wadannan igiyoyi sun samar da wutar lantarki na sabbin kotunan shari'a a Strand na London da kuma Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden a 1883, da kuma igiyoyi masu mahimmanci don yawan kamfanonin samar da wutar wuta.

A shekara ta 1891, kamfanin ya gabatar da tsarin jigilar wutar lantarki na karkashin kasa a Abercanaid, Merthyr, kuma, a cikin wannan shekarar, ya sami umarnin farko na tramway, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya biyo bayan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta farko ta karkashin kasa.

A shekara ta 1896, ya kafa kamfaninsa, Callender's Cable & Construction Company Limited, wanda daga baya ya zama British Insulated Callender's Cables (BICC). Callender, alal misali, ya gina ƙetare 132 kV na Thames a Dagenham tare da igiyoyin sama da suka kai 3060 feet (932m) tsakanin hasumiyoyi biyu na 487 feet (148m), kuma ya ba da izinin 250 ft (76m) don jigilar kaya. Tare da Callender a matsayin manajan darektan, matsayin da ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwarsa, kamfanin ya kasance a wuri mai kyau don amfani da fadada saurin amfani da wutar lantarki.  
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855

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