Anne Zernike

Anne Zernike (1887–1972) ƙwararriyar masaniyar addini ce 'yar ƙasar Holland, mai sassaucin ra'ayi, wadda ita ce mace ta farko da aka naɗa minista a ƙasar Netherlands. Duk da cewa ta fara aikinta tare da Mennonites, wanda shine kaɗai cocin da ya ba wa mata masu hidima a lokacin, mafi yawan aikinta ta yi ne a ƙungiyar Protestant ta ƙasar Holland (NPB) .

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Anne Zernike a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1887 a Amsterdam, Netherlands, ga malamai da masana lissafi Antje (née Dieperink) da Carl Friedrich August Zernike. An haife ta a cikin dangin masana ilimi, ciki har da 'yar'uwa  wacce ta zama marubuciya kuma ɗan'uwa Frits wanda daga baya ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi . Ta kammala karatunta na firamare kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata a Keizersgracht .  Zernike ta san tun tana ƙarama cewa tana son zama fasto kuma iyayenta sun ƙarfafa ta ta yi karatu, kodayake mahaifinta bai yi imani da cewa za a karɓe ta a matsayin mai wa'azi ba.  Ta fara karatunta a Jami'ar Amsterdam kuma saboda ƙungiyar da za ta naɗa mata ita ce Cocin Mennonite, ta shiga wannan cocin.  Bayan kammala karatun jami'a  da kuma baftismarta tana da shekaru 22, ta cancanci shiga Anabaptist Seminary, kuma ta kammala jarrabawarta ta ƙarshe a 1911. 

 Sana'a 
A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1911 a garin Bovenknijpe na Frisian (kusa da Heerenveen ),  An naɗa Zernike kuma ta yi wa'azinta a kan Irmiya 31.  Ta sami wahala ta daidaita da rayuwa a Bovenknijpe kuma tana kewar al'ada har sai da ta haɗu da mai zane, Jan Mankes . Bayan ɗan lokaci na soyayya, sun yi aure suka yi aure a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1915. Ba da daɗewa ba, ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa Hague inda rayuwarsu ta mayar da hankali kan shiga cikin yanayin fasaha, gami da adabi, zane da waƙa; tauhidi, gami da bincike kan gurguzu na Kirista, Taoism da theosophy ; da kuma manyan manufofin zaman lafiya da cin ganyayyaki .  A wannan lokacin, Zernike, kamar yadda aka zata a lokacin, ta bar aikinta don samun damar aikin mijinta.  Yayin da cutar tarin fuka ta Jan ta tsananta kuma likita ya ba da shawarar su ƙaura daga danshi na teku zuwa wani yanki mai dazuzzuka, ma'auratan sun ƙaura a shekarar 1917 zuwa Eerbeek .  Ba da daɗewa ba bayan isowarsu, Zernike ta gano tana da juna biyu kuma ta fara aiki a kan takardar bincikenta wadda ta yi wa lakabi da, Akan tarihin jari-hujja da ɗabi'un dimokuraɗiyya na zamantakewa . An haifi Beint, ɗansu a ranar 1 ga Maris 1918 kuma a wannan kaka, ta sami digirin digirgir na  a fannin addini daga Jami'ar Amsterdam ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa H. IJ Groenewegen.  Jan ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiyarsa a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1920 kuma Zernike ya bar Eerbeek zuwa Rotterdam a shekara mai zuwa. 

Zernike ta koma hidima amma ba tare da Anabaptists ba, domin ta ji daɗin zumunci da cocin da aka kafa mai sassaucin ra'ayi da sabuwar ƙungiya wacce ke ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Furotesta ta Holland (NPB) .  Babu gini, membobin cocin 40 sun haɗu a ɗakin motsa jiki na makaranta, kuma an ba ta 'yancin tsara ayyukan kamar yadda take jin an jagorance ta. Don haka, ta kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo,  ikilisiyar ta ziyarci gidajen tarihi akai-akai kuma sun dace su tattauna ayoyin Littafi Mai Tsarki bisa ga nazarin zane-zanen Rembrandt ko wasu masu fasaha. Zuwa 1929, ikilisiyar ta girma kuma suna buƙatar sabon wuri. Tare da haɗin gwiwa da Cocin Reformed na Dutch, Lutherans, Mennonites, da Remonstrants, ikilisiyar Zernike ta kafa Cibiyar Matasan Kiristocin Liberal ( Dutch   ) (VCJC) kuma suka gina coci, wanda dukkansu suke tarayya a bakin kogin Jagerslaan. Sun kira cocin da Sabon Alkawari kuma maimakon mumbari, tana da wani mataki a tsakiyar wurin ibada. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, ikilisiyar ta karu zuwa kusan membobi 500.  Ta yi ritaya daga wa'azi a 1948  amma ta ci gaba da rubutu kan batutuwan tauhidi. Ta buga tarihin rayuwarta a 1956 kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a duk tsawon shekarun 1960. 

Zernike ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Maris 1972 a Amersfoort,  Netherlands kuma an binne ta tare da mijinta a Eerbeek. 

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