Anna Sophia Polak

Anna Sophia Polak (27 Afrilu 1874, Rotterdam — 26 Fabrairu 1943) Bayahudiya ce mai rajin kare hakkin mata kuma marubuciya.  Ita ce darektan Ofishin Kula da Mata na Ƙasa daga 1908 zuwa 1936.  An kashe ta a sansanin tsare mutane na Auschwitz . 

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
Polak ɗiya ce ga Herman Joseph Polak, farfesa a fannin harsunan Girka da adabi a Groningen, da Louisa Helena Stibbe. Ta yi karatu a makarantar 'yan mata ta Hogere Burger a Rotterdam kuma ta yi jarrabawar ƙarshe ta ɗakin motsa jiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na makarantar a shekarar 1893. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Groningen inda mahaifinta ya sami alƙawarin zama farfesa a shekarar 1894.

A kusan shekara ta 1900 ta fara sha'awar al'amuran mata, ciki har da aikinta na Toynbee, kuma a shekara ta 1898 ta taimaka wa Catherina Geertruida Doijer wajen shirya bikin baje kolin kasa na mata, wanda aka gudanar a Hague a shekara ta 1898. Tare da kudaden da aka samu daga baje kolin, an kafa kungiyar kwadago ta mata ta kasa. A cikin ra'ayoyinta game da 'yancin mata, Polak ta sami tasiri sosai daga Catharine van Tussenbroek. Bayan baje kolin, ta rubuta littafi, Vrouwenwerk a Nederland, Beschouwingen over eenige zijden der Vrouwenwenbeweging, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1902.

A shekara ta 1904, Polak ta zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙwadago ta Mata ta Ƙasa, kuma a shekara ta 1908 ta zama darektan Ofishin Ƙwadago na Mata na Ƙasa (NBV). Tare da mataimakiyar darakta Marie Heinen, ta yi aikin farko na matsayin mata a Netherlands. Ofishin ya tattara takardu kan sana'o'in mata, bayanai da aka tsara, shawarwari da wallafe-wallafe da yawa, gami da ƙasidu 55 da Polak ta rubuta. Daga 1920 zuwa 1925 ta kasance mai himma a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Ƙwadago na Mata na Majalisar Mata ta Duniya. Daga 1927 zuwa 1932 ta kasance shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, ta riƙe wasu mukamai da dama a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi kamar Majalisar Ƙoli ta Ma'aikata.

A shekarar 1936 Polak ta yi rashin lafiya; ta nuna alamun cutar hauka kuma an sallame ta da kyau. A shekarar 1941, an kwantar da ita a asibitin tabin hankali na Oud Rozenburg da ke Hague. A shekarar 1943, Jamusawa suka kai ta Westerbork. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1943, aka kai ta sansanin Auschwitz. Tafiyar jirgin ƙasa daga Westerbork ta ɗauki kwana uku. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, jirgin ya isa sansanin mutuwa; an kashe Polak a wannan ranar.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1943