Ann Macbeth

Ann Macbeth (an haife ta ne a 25 Satumba 1875 – 23 Maris 1948) 'Yar Birtaniya ce mai dinki, mai zane, malamar makaranta kuma marubuciya. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Glasgow Movement inda ta kasance abokiyar Margaret MacDonald da Charles Rennie Mackintosh, da sauran 'Yan Matan Glasgow' da yawa. Ta kuma kasance mai himma wajen zaɓen 'yan takara kuma ta tsara tutoci ga ƙungiyoyi masu goyon bayan zaɓen mata, kamar Ƙungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Macbeth was born in the Bolton suburb of Halliwell, and studied at the Glasgow School of Art. When Macbeth was a child, she had a scarlet fever attack. She was the eldest of nine children. Her father was Norman Macbeth, a mechanical engineer, and her mother was Annie MacNicol.

Ta fito daga asalin fasaha: kawunta sun haɗa da masu fasaha Robert Walker Macbeth da Henry Macbeth-Raeburn kuma kakan mahaifinta shine mai zane Norman Macbeth . A shekara ta 1902, ta shiga cikin 'Sashen Scotland' na Nunin Fasaha na Zamani na Farko na Duniya a Turin  inda ta lashe lambar azurfa don ƙirar Glasgow Coat of Arms a gefe ɗaya na tuta da aka bai wa Farfesa Rucker na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Burtaniya . 

 Koyarwa 
Bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow a shekarar 1901, Macbeth ta zama mataimakiya ga Jessie Newbery kuma an ba ta kulawa ta musamman a aikin dinki a The Studio . A shekarar 1906 ta fara koyar da aikin ƙarfe a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow. A can ta kuma koyar da aikin ɗaure littattafai daga 1907 zuwa 1911, da kuma yin ado da yumbu daga 1912 zuwa gaba. 

Daga kusan 1902 zuwa 1911, sashen aikin allura shine mafi girma a cikin sassan sana'a a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow. Akwai buƙatar a koya wa dukkan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta ta Glasgow dinki. Aikin da Newberry, Macbeth, da ɗalibansu suka gina ya ƙunshi manyan nau'i biyu: salon da aka yi wa ado da kyau, mai tsari wanda yanayi ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi kuma ana samunsa akan abubuwa masu amfani, ko kuma salon da aka saba amfani da shi wanda ya ƙunshi allunan hoto, waɗanda aka samo a kan allon wuta ko rataye na coci. Wataƙila Newberry ya fi ƙarfin masu zane biyu, kodayake Macbeth ya yi wa allunan ado da yawa tare da dinki mai bayyanawa. Waɗannan allunan da aka yi wa ado sun ƙunshi ƙananan 'yan mata masu ado ko 'yan mata da aka sanya a cikin wani wuri mai faɗi, kama da guntun gilashin da aka yi wa fenti na lokacin. 

A shekarar 1908 ta maye gurbin Jessie Newbery a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Aikin Allura da Saƙa a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow, kuma a shekarar 1912 ta zama Daraktan Nazari a Ɗakin Aiki na Aikin Allura da Saƙa.   A shekarar 1911 ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen Nunin Tarihi na Ƙasa, Fasaha da Masana'antu na Scotland, inda ta zauna a kwamitin Sashen Kayan Ado da Fasaha. 

Tare da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Margaret Swanson Macbeth ta buga littafin Ilimi na Needlecraft a shekarar 1911. Littafin ya sami yabo daga ƙasashen duniya kuma ya yi tasiri sosai kan koyar da aikin hannu. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin manhajar makarantar Scotland har zuwa shekarun 1950. Azuzuwan saka a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow a buɗe suke ga al'umma baki ɗaya. Azuzuwan Asabar ga malaman makaranta sun haifar da takardar shaidar Sashen Ilimi na Scotland. A cikin koyarwa da wallafe-wallafenta, Macbeth ta yaɗa tsarin ƙira na ƙungiyar Glasgow kuma ta aiwatar da ra'ayoyin ƙungiyar Fasaha da Sana'o'i . Ta ɗaukaka matsayin yin kayan ado a gida kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su ƙirƙiri tufafinsu na musamman. Ta kawo riguna masu tsari a hannun mata ta hanyar da ta dace ta hanyar ba da shawarar amfani da "kayan ƙasƙantar da kai" kamar auduga, lilin da kuma ƙura. A cikin wallafe-wallafenta, Macbeth ta ƙarfafa sabuwar tsara ta mata masu zane-zane, tana hana kwafi na alamu.

Amfani da waɗannan kayan ƙasƙantar da kai ya raba ta da masu sana'ar hannu na da'irar Morris, waɗanda ke amfani da siliki mai tsada.  Macbeth ta ɗauki siliki da satin da suka fi shahara a zamanin da suka gabata na masu yin zane-zane a matsayin ba wai kawai sun fi tsada ba, har ma "sun fi ƙarancin fasaha." 

Tun daga shekarar 1920, Macbeth ta kuma koyar da sana'o'in hannu a Cibiyar Mata kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shirye don rage wahalhalun tattalin arziki na gida.  A cikin littafinta mai suna Embroidered and Laced Leatherwork, Macbeth ta yi korafin cewa mata suna yin sana'o'i a lokacin hutunsu kuma suna rage darajar aikinsu ta hanyar rage musu kuɗi don haka da kyar ake biyan kuɗin kayan. Ta hanyar aikin koyarwa a Cibiyar Mata, Macbeth ta yi niyyar samar da hanyar rayuwa ga masu sana'o'i ta hanyar ƙirƙirar salon aiki na yanki. 

 Fafutukar mata kan zaɓe 
Macbeth ta tsara tutar ne don tattakin Edinburgh na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyoyin Zaɓen Mata na 1908.  A watan Oktoban 1909, reshen Glasgow na Ƙungiyar Zamantakewa da Siyasa ta Mata, reshen yaƙin neman zaɓen mata a Burtaniya, an gabatar mata da tutar da aka yi wa ado da Macbeth ya tsara.  A wani baje kolin 1910, Macbeth ta tsara bargon fursunonin WSPU Holloway, bargon lilin mai ɗauke da sa hannun masu zanga-zangar yunwa 80. Daga baya aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin tuta.  Baya ga aiki a matsayin mai yin tuta na zaɓe, Macbeth ita ma memba ce a Ƙungiyar Zamantakewa da Siyasa ta Mata  kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan 'yan bindiga. Sakamakon haka, an daure ta, kodayake, tunda ba ta bayyana a kotu ko rahotannin jaridu ba, da alama ta yi hakan da sunan ƙarya; ba a san yanayin abin da ta aikata ba. A cikin wata wasika da aka aika wa Sakataren Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow daga watan Mayu na shekarar 1912, Macbeth ta gode masa saboda "wasikunsa masu kyau" kuma ta rubuta "Har yanzu ina da ƙarancin kuzari fiye da yadda na zata... bayan ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon makonni biyu tare da tilasta wa mata cin abinci." Bayan zaman gidan yari na shekarar 1912, ta buƙaci kulawa ta tsawon watanni da dama a matsayin "marasa lafiya rabin jiki." 

Gwamnonin Makarantar sun nuna goyon bayansu ga Macbeth sosai a lokacin da take murmurewa. An ba Macbeth "duk wani la'akari har sai ta dawo bakin aiki." Wannan matakin jajircewa ya nuna amincewa da masu fasaha da ke fafutukar kare muradun kaɗa ƙuri'a daga Gwamnonin Makarantar. 

 Fitowar fasaha 
Macbeth ta zama fitacciyar mai dinki da kuma mai zane. Fina-finanta masu kayatarwa sun haɗa da haɗa littattafai, aikin ƙarfe da ƙira ga masana'antun kafet Alexander Morton da Co., Donald Bros. na Dundee, da kuma Liberty's &amp; Knox's Linen Thread Company .  Ga Liberty, Macbeth ta kuma samar da zane-zanen dinki irin na Art Nouveau waɗanda ke cikin kundin odar wasiƙa na kamfanin har zuwa lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Liberty ta sayar da zane-zanenta a matsayin canja wurin ƙarfe don dinkin riguna da kayan daki. 
thumb
A shekarar 1920, Macbeth ta ƙaura zuwa Patterdale da ke Westmorland, Cumbria . Ta ci gaba da zama malamar makaranta mai ziyara a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1928. A Patterdale, ta ci gaba da yin allura, galibi manyan zane-zane na ado, da kuma samar da rataye na coci da riguna.  Ta kuma yi wa kasar Sin ado kuma ta harba ta da kanta a cikin wani murhu da ta gina da kanta.  Ta ƙirƙiro wata hanya mai sauƙi ta saka kilifa wadda aka buga a cikin littafinta na Country Woman's Rug a shekarar 1929. Ta yi jayayya cewa injuna za su mayar da tsarin dimokuradiyya ga dimokuradiyya kuma masu sana'a waɗanda suka fahimci yadda injina ke aiki za su iya samun ingancin fasaha mai kyau.  A lokacin bazara, Macbeth ta zauna a kan dutse a Helvelly a cikin wani gida da aka tsara da kanta kuma ta kama tsaunukan yankin da kayan ado. A wajen gidan, ta rina zaren ta a cikin ramuka. 

 Ayyukan da ake iya isa ga jama'a 
Cocin St. Patrick da ke Patterdale, Cumbria yana ɗauke da wasu daga cikin kayan ɗinkinta. Misalai na ayyukanta sun kasance a baje kolin kayan shayi na Miss Cranston da ke Glasgow tsawon lokaci. Ta tsara kuma ta yi wa teburin sada zumunta na Cathedral na Glasgow ado. 

An nuna nau'ikan ayyukanta, na dinki da kuma na yumbu, a Gidan Tarihi na Kelvingrove a cikin baje kolin sa na Making the Glasgow Style daga 30 ga Maris zuwa 14 ga Agusta 2018. 

<i id="mw2Q">Ɗakin studio ɗin</i> ya ƙunshi hotuna da yawa na ayyukanta. 

 Littattafai 
Macbeth ta buga littattafai shida kan aikin dinki: Educational Needlecraft  (an fara buga shi a 1911, tare da Margaret Swanson), The Playwork Book (an fara buga shi a 1918), School and Fireside Crafts  (an fara buga shi a 1920 tare da May Spence), The Country Woman's Rug Book  (an fara buga shi a 1921), Needleweaving (an fara buga shi a 1922), da kuma Embroidered Lace and Leatherwork  (an fara buga shi a 1924). Ta kuma samar da zane-zane da dama na kayan ado waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suka bayyana a matsayin zane-zane a cikin littattafan Peter Wylie Davidson . 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba