Rafael Palacios (mai zane)

Rafael D. Palacios (1905-1993) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Puerto Rican-Amurka kuma mai zane-zanen da ke ƙwarewa a cikin jaket da taswira ga manyan masu wallafa Amurka a tsakiyar da ƙarshen karni na 20. Daga cikin sanannun taswirar aikinsa mai yawa da nasara sosai sune wadanda ke cikin mafi yawan littattafan tarihin Isaac Asimov da kuma littattafan Yaƙin basasa Bruce Catton.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
Daga iyayen Mutanen Espanya-Puerto Rican, an haifi Palacios a Santo Domingo, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Dominica. Lokacin da yake da watanni biyar iyalinsa suka koma Puerto Rico. Ya yi karatu a makarantun Puerto Rican, amma a matsayin mai zane ya fi koyar da kansa. A shekara ta 1928 ya yi zane-zane na farko yayin da yake San Juan. Ya yi wani abu na musamman na hotunan Afro-Caribbean. Palacios ya koma Birnin New York a cikin shekarun 1930 kuma ya kasance a can har sai ya koma Puerto Rico a kusa da 1980.

A shekara ta 1937 an zaba shi, tare da wasu biyu, don wakiltar Puerto Rico a baje kolin shekara-shekara na biyu na Fasaha ta Amurka a Birnin New York. A cikin 1938 ya kuma nuna a Delphic Studios a New York, inda ya gabatar da nune-nunen farko na Fasahar Afro-Antillean (nunawar mutum ɗaya na gouaches). A wannan shekarar ya kuma nuna a baje kolin 'yan jarida na farko a New York, kuma a cikin mutane da yawa a Athenaeum a San Juan da Jami'ar Puerto Rico.  Da farko a 1938 Palacios ya yi aiki ga jaridu na Amurka a matsayin mai zane-zane da mai fassara na zane-zane. A tsakiyar shekarun 1940, ya raba ɗakin karatu tare da wasu masu zane-zane masu zaman kansu da yawa kuma ya yi murfin da takardu da yawa don Littattafan Bantam. Takardunsa na ƙarshe suna da ingancin zane-zane mai ƙarfi kuma sun yi irin wannan manufar tare da taswirar Dell Books.

A cikin 1948, an zaɓi Palacios don samar da taswirar tarihin Janar Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe . Palacios daga baya ya samar da taswira don tarihin Eisenhower guda biyu na lokacinsa a Fadar White House, Mandate for Change [undefined] da Waging Peace (wanda ya haɗa da "Map Portfolio by Rafael Palacios). [1] Tsakanin ƙarshen 1940s da farkon 1990s, Palacios ya buga dubban taswira a cikin ɗaruruwan littattafai, da yawa daga cikinsu don Doubleday. Palacios sun ƙware a cikin taswirar takarda da tarihin soja, musamman taswirar Yaƙin Duniya na II da Yaƙin basasar Amurka. Palacios ya zama mai zane-zane daga George Annand don jerin Rivers of America a shekarar 1956. Littattafai 13 na ƙarshe a cikin jerin (1956-74) suna dauke da taswirar da ya yi.

A cikin aikinsa, Palacios ya yi taswira don littattafai da yawa daga 'yan siyasa, janar, da kuma marubuta, ciki har da: Lyndon Johnson, Winston Churchill, Herman Wouk, Leon Uris, Cornelius Ryan, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Dean Acheson, Omar Bradley, Dee Brown, John Dos Passos, da John Toland.

Hanyar yin taswirar Palacios ta kasance sananne ne saboda son layin hannu, alamun hannu, da juriya ga samar da inji da rubutun rubutu.

Takardun Palacios, gami da taswirar asali, wasiƙu, da littattafan da marubuta suka rubuta yanzu ana gudanar da su a Laburaren Majalisa.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba