Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat

Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat 

Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat ( Mongolian   ; 23 Janairu 1942 - 17 Janairu 2025) ɗan siyasa ne na Mongolia wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko na Mongolia daga 1990 zuwa 1997. Shi ne shugaban ƙasa na farko da aka zaɓa ta hanyar zaɓen jama'a kai tsaye.

 Rayuwar farko da aiki 
MyAn haifi Ochirbat a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1942 a gundumar Tüdevtei, Lardin Zavkhan . Mahaifinsa daga Lardin Govi-Altai ne.  Ya ɗauki sunan mahaifiyarsa "Punsalmaa" bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a 1947. Daga 1951 zuwa 1960, ya yi karatu a Ulaanbaatar sannan ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Leningrad, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1965 da digiri a fannin injiniyan haƙar ma'adinai. A wannan shekarar ya koma Ulaanbaatar ya shiga Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Jama'ar Mongolia . 

A shekarar 1967, an nada Ochirbat a matsayin Babban Injiniya a ma'adinan kwal na Sharyn Gol da ke lardin Darkhan-Uul kafin ya zama mataimakin Ministan Ma'adinai da Geology a shekarar 1972. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ] A shekarar 1976, ya zama mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar People's Great Khural, memba na kwamitin tsakiya na MPRP, kuma a lokaci guda aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa cikakken Ministan Ma'adinai da Geology. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ] A shekarar 1985, an naɗa shi Shugaban Hukumar Hulɗa da Tattalin Arziki ta Jiha, sannan ya zama Ministan Hulɗa da Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Waje lokacin da aka ɗaga hukumar zuwa matsayin ma'aikatar a shekarar 1987. 

 Juyin Juya Halin Dimokuradiyya na 1990 a Mongolia 
An naɗa Ochirbat a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Shura (shugaban ƙasa) ta Babban Khural na Jama'a a ranar 21 ga Maris 1990 bayan murabus ɗin Jambyn Batmönkh da sauran shugabannin gwamnati bayan juyin juya halin Dimokuraɗiyya na 1990.  An sake zaɓe shi a matsayin Babban Khural na Jama'a a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na Yuli 1990, sannan 'yan Khural suka zaɓe shi don sabon matsayin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Mongoliya . Sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992 ya canza sunan ƙasar a hukumance zuwa Mongolia da kuma taken Ochirbat na hukuma zuwa "Shugaban Mongolia kuma Babban Kwamandan Sojoji". Sabon kundin tsarin mulki ya kuma kafa sabbin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa, wanda aka fara yanke hukunci a kansa ta hanyar kuri'un jama'a kai tsaye, a shekara mai zuwa, 1993.

 Wa'adin shugaban ƙasa 
Duk da cewa Ochirbat ya yi kakkausar suka kan manufofin farfaɗo da tattalin arziki cikin sauri don raba ƙasar daga tarihin gurguzu da kuma rungumar tsarin jari-hujja nan da shekarar 2000, ya yi suna wajen sassauci da kuma son yin sulhu, kuma ra'ayinsa ya taimaka wajen wargaza takaddama da rikice-rikicen siyasa a gabanin zaɓen farko na 'yanci a watan Yunin 1993. Duk da haka, rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin MPRP ya sa shugabannin jam'iyyar suka ƙi Ochirbat a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa, maimakon haka suka zaɓi mai tsauri Lodongiin Tüdev, babban editan jaridar kwaminisanci ta Ünen . Ganin cewa akwai dama, haɗin gwiwar jam'iyyun adawa, ciki har da National Democrats da Social Democratic Party, sun zaɓi Ochirbat a matsayin ɗan takararsu. A ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1993, Ochirbat ya kayar da Tudev da ƙarfi, inda ya lashe kashi 57.8 cikin ɗari na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa don zama shugaban ƙasa na farko da aka taɓa zaɓa ta hanyar kuri'un jama'a a Mongolia.

 Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa 
Ochirbat ya auri Sharav Tsevelmaa kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Ochirbat ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2025, yana da shekaru 82.   Bayan rasuwarsa, Shugaban Mongolia na yanzu, Ukhnaa Khurelsukh, ya bayar da umarni da ya ayyana lokacin zaman makoki na kasa daga 24 ga Janairu zuwa 25 ga Janairu, 2025. 

 Kyaututtuka 
Ochirbat ya sami kyaututtuka da lambobin yabo da dama, ciki har da; Order of Chinggis Khan, Order of the Polar Star, Honoured medal of Labour, Medal of the 50th, 60th, 80th of the People's Revolution, Medal of Military Force, Medal of the 800th Cikakkiyar kafuwar Babban Jihar Mongolia, da Medal of the 20th Cikakkiyar Juyin Juya Halin Dimokuradiyya. 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942