Carl Friedrich Goerdeler

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler ( [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡœʁdəlɐ] i; 31 ga Yulin 1884 - 2 ga Fabrairu 1945) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, mai mulkin mallaka, mai zartarwa, masanin tattalin arziki, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma abokin adawar mulkin Nazi. Ya yi adawa da manufofin adawa da Yahudawa yayin da yake aiki kuma yana adawa da Holocaust.

Da a ce makircin 20 ga Yuli na hambarar da mulkin kama-karya na Hitler a 1944 ya yi nasara, Goerdeler zai yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba sabuwar gwamnati. Bayan kama shi, ya ba da sunayen masu makirci da yawa ga Gestapo, wanda ya haifar da kamawa da kisa ga daruruwan mutane. An kashe Goerdeler ta hanyar ratayewa a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1945.

 Rayuwa ta farko da aiki 
An haifi Goerdeler ne a cikin dangin ma'aikatan gwamnati na Prussian a Schneidemühl a lardin Prussian na Posen na Daular Jamus (yanzu Piła a Poland ta yanzu). Iyayen Goerdeler sun goyi bayan Jam'iyyar Conservative Party, kuma bayan 1899 mahaifin Goerdeler ya yi aiki a cikin Landtag na Prussia a matsayin memba na wannan jam'iyyar. Marubucin tarihin Goerdeler kuma aboki Gerhard Ritter ya bayyana yadda ya girma a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan, dangi masu ƙauna na tsakiya waɗanda suka kasance masu al'ada, masu ibada Lutheran, masu kishin ƙasa da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Yayinda yake saurayi, Goerdeler mai zurfin addini ya zaɓi a matsayin ƙa'idarsa don rayuwa ta hanyar omnia restaurare a Christo (don maido da komai a cikin Kristi).  Daga 1902 zuwa 1905 Goerdeler ta yi karatun tattalin arziki da doka a Jami'ar Tübingen . . Daga 1911 ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati ga gwamnatin karamar hukumar Solingen a lardin Prussian Rhine .  A wannan shekarar, Goerdeler ya auri Anneliese Ulrich, wanda zai haifi 'ya'ya biyar.Ayyukan Goerdeler sun kasance masu ban sha'awa da kuma idiosyncratic. Ya fito ne daga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Prussia tare da karfi na aiki da hidima ga Jiha; mahaifinsa ya kasance alƙali na gundumar. Girmansa ya kasance mai farin ciki, amma mai zurfi da ɗabi'a; horar da shi na shari'a ya nuna aiki a cikin gudanarwa da tattalin arziki ... Ya kasance mai shirya shirye-shirye, mai iya magana da marubuci, mai tsauri da mutum; a cikin siyasa, ya zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi na dama. Ko da yake a zuciya mutum ne mai mutunci sosai, Goerderler mai tsananin damuwa, imani da aiki tuƙuru da ɗabi'arsa mai tsauri, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi - ba zai yarda da mutumin da ya sake aure ko mace a gidansa ba - ba shi da dumi da abokantaka. Ya kasance, a zahiri, mai mulkin mallaka ne ta hanyar halitta da kuma halin da yake da shi, tare da cikakkiyar imani da gaskiyar ra'ayinsa, ya ba shi damar shawo kan mutane marasa ƙarfi ko marasa tabbas da sauƙi don karɓar ra'ayensa na musamman yayin da yake tare da su 
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Goerdeler ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramin jami'i a Gabashin Gabas, ya tashi zuwa matsayin kyaftin.. Daga watan Fabrairun 1918 ya yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwamnatin soja ta Jamus a Minsk .  Bayan yakin ya ƙare, Goerdeler ya yi aiki a hedkwatar rundunar soji ta XVII da ke Danzig (yanzu Gdańsk a Poland).  A watan Yunin 1919, Goerdeler ya gabatar da wata yarjejeniya ga shugabansu, Janar Otto von Below, yana kira ga halakar Poland a matsayin hanya daya tilo don hana asarar yankuna a kan iyakar gabashin Jamus.

Bayan an sallame shi daga Sojojin Jamus, Goerdeler ya shiga jam'iyyar Jam'iyyar Jamusanci mai ra'ayin mazan jiya (DNVP). Kamar sauran Jamusawa, Goerdeler ya yi tsayayya da Yarjejeniyar Versailles ta 1919, wanda ya tilasta wa Jamus ta ba da yankuna ga jihar Poland da aka dawo da ita. A cikin 1919, kafin a ƙaddara ainihin iyakokin iyakar Poland da Jamus, ya ba da shawarar maido da Yammacin Prussia zuwa Jamus. Duk da mummunan halin da yake da shi ga Poland, Goerdeler ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin Yaƙin Poland da Soviet na 1920 wajen karya yajin aikin da ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa na Danzig suka yi, wadanda suke so su rufe tattalin arzikin Poland ta hanyar rufe babban tashar jiragen kasa. Ya yi tunanin cewa Poland ba makwabciya ce da ba a so fiye da Bolshevik Rasha.

In 1922, Goerdeler was elected as mayor (Bürgermeister) of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia) in East Prussia and later, on 22 May 1930, as mayor of Leipzig.. During the Weimar Republic era (1918–1933), Goerdeler was widely regarded  as a hard-working and outstanding municipal politician.

A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931, Shugaba Heinrich Brüning, aboki na sirri, ya nada Goerdeler a matsayin Kwamishinan Farashin Reich kuma ya ba shi aikin kula da manufofinsa na raguwa. Rashin tausayi wanda Goerdeler ya gudanar da aikinsa a matsayin Kwamishinan Farashi ya sanya shi sanannen mutum a Jamus. Daga baya ya yi murabus daga DNVP saboda shugabansu, Alfred Hugenberg, abokin gaba ne na gwamnatin Brüning.

A farkon shekarun 1930, Goerdeler ya zama babban mai ba da shawara game da ra'ayin cewa Jamhuriyar Weimar ta gaza, kamar yadda Babban Mawuyacin ya nuna, kuma ana buƙatar juyin juya halin ra'ayin mazan jiya don maye gurbin dimokuradiyya.

Bayan faduwar gwamnatin Brüning a 1932, an dauki Goerdeler a matsayin mai yuwuwar Shugaba kasa. Janar Kurt von Schleicher ya fitar da shi don mukamin amma a ƙarshe an zaɓi Franz von Papen a maimakon haka.

Bayan faduwar gwamnatin Brüning a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1932, Brüning ya ba da shawarar Goerdeler ga Shugaba Paul von Hindenburg a matsayin magajinsa. Hindenburg ya ki amincewa da Goerdeler saboda tsohon memba na DNVP.  (Tun daga 1928, a karkashin jagorancin Alfred Hugenberg, DNVP ta yi yakin neman zabe a kan Hindenburg har ma ta lakafta shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Masu aikata laifuka na Nuwamba" wanda ake zargin "ya soke Jamus a baya" a 1918.  A sakamakon haka, a shekara ta 1932, babu wani memba na yanzu ko ma tsohon memba na DNVP da aka yarda da shi ga Hindenburg a matsayin shugaban majalisa. ) 

Rashin Brüning ya haifar da murabus din Goerdeler a matsayin Kwamishinan Farashi. Daga baya a cikin 1932, Goerdeler ya ki tayin yin aiki a cikin majalisar Papen.

 Matsayi a cikin gwamnatin Nazi 

 Magajin gari a cikin Reich na Uku 
A ƙarshen 1935, Goerdeler ya ɗauki Adolf Hitler a matSA "mai mulkin kama-karya mai haske", wanda, tare da shawarar da ta dace, zai zama karfi ga nagarta. Goerdeler daga baya ya kira lokacin da ya goyi bayan Nazis kawai babi na rayuwarsa wanda ya sami kunya. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1933, ranar da aka ayyana Kauracewa ta kasa a kan dukkan kasuwancin Yahudawa a cikin Reich, Goerdeler ya bayyana a cikin cikakken tufafi na Oberbürgermeister na Leipzig don ya umarci SA kada ta tilasta kauracewa kuma ya umarci 'yan sanda na Leipzig da su saki Yahudawa da yawa da SA ta yi garkuwa da su. Sau da yawa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa Yahudawa na Leipzig da aka yi barazanar manufofin tattalin arziki na "Aryanisation" na mulkin Nazi. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan kauracewa, Goerdeler ya sami kansa a matsayin magajin gari na Leipzig yana aiwatar da Dokar Maido da Ayyukan Jama'a na Kwararru, wanda, ba kamar Dokokin Nuremberg na 1935, bai ba shi dalilin korafi ba.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1884
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba