Gidan Sod Ranch

Gidan Sod wani ranch ne na tarihi a cikin Harney County a kudu maso gabashin Oregon, Amurka . Sauran gine-ginen ranch suna kudu da Tafkin Malheur a cikin Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Peter French ne ya gina ranch ɗin, sanannen sanannen baron shanu na ƙarni na 19. Gidan Sod ya zama hedkwatar sashen aiki na arewacin Kamfanin Dabbobi na Faransa-Glenn, wanda daga ƙarshe ya rufe sama da kadada 140,000 (570 ). Bayan an kashe Faransanci a shekara ta 1897, Kamfanin Faransanci-Glenn Livestock Company ya sayar da dukiyarsa a hankali. A cikin 1935, Gwamnatin Amurka ta sayi dukiyar Sod House Ranch don ƙarawa ga mafakar namun daji da ke kusa. Sauran gine-ginen Sod House Ranch guda takwas yanzu an jera su a cikin National Register of Historic Places.

 Tarihin Farko 
Gidan Sod yana cikin Harney Basin na kudu maso gabashin Oregon. Kimanin shekaru 9,800 da suka gabata, babban tafkin ya rufe Harney Basin wanda ya rufe kadada ,000 (1,030 ). Tsuntsaye, dabbobi, da tsire-tsire da aka samu a cikin wuri mai laushi a kusa da tafkin sun samar da abinci mai yawa ga mazauna farko. Kimanin shekaru 3,500 da suka gabata, ƙananan ƙauyuka sun fara tasowa a kusa da tabkuna da kuma bakin kogin. Da farko kimanin shekaru 1,400 da suka gabata, fari mai tsawo ya fara rage tafkin da wuraren da ke kewaye da shi.

Duk da yake babu rubuce-rubuce game da mutanen farko da suka zauna a Harney Basin, 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun yi amfani da wuraren da ke kusa da Tafkin Malheur, Tafkin Harney, da Kogin Donner und Blitzen dubban shekaru kafin zuwan mazauna Turai. A lokacin da Turawa suka fara bincika yankin a farkon karni na sha tara, mutanen Arewacin Paiute sun kafu sosai a cikin Harney Basin . 

Masu farautar fata na Hudson's Bay Company sune Turawa na farko da suka ziyarci Harney Basin. Peter Skene Ogden ya wuce a arewacin Tekun Malheur a cikin 1826. Sauran tafiye-tafiye na kama gashi sun biyo baya a cikin shekarun 1830. Yawancin tafiye-tafiye na soja sun ratsa yankin a ƙarshen shekarun 1850. Manjo Enoch Steen shine na farko wanda ba ɗan asalin ƙasar ba ne ya bincika yankin Donner und Blitzen River a 1860. Steens Mountain, wanda ya mamaye kudancin Harney County, an sanya masa suna don girmama shi. A cikin shekarun 1860, Sojojin Amurka sun kafa sansanonin soja da yawa a cikin Harney Basin . 

 Peter na Faransa 
An haifi Peter French a Missouri a 1849. Iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa California a 1850. Yayinda yake saurayi, Faransanci ya yi aiki ga Dokta Hugh J. Glenn, wanda ke da manyan filayen ƙasa a cikin Kwarin Sacramento. A shekara ta 1872, Glenn ya yanke shawarar fadada aikinsa zuwa Oregon. Glenn ya zaɓi Peter French mai shekaru 23 don ya jagoranci aikin. An tura Faransanci zuwa arewa tare da vaqueros shida da shanu 1,200.
A cikin kwarin Blitzen, Faransanci ya sadu da mai nema mai suna Porter, wanda bai sami zinariya da yawa ba kuma yana da sha'awar ci gaba. Faransanci ya sayi karamin garken shanu na Porter tare da Alamar shanu ta "P" da haƙƙoƙin zuwa gangaren yammacin Steens Mountain inda Porter ya bincika. Faransanci sun zauna a gefen Kogin Donner und Blitzen, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa suna zubar da ruwa da shinge dubban kadada na filayen ruwa a gefen kogin. Wannan ƙasar ta zama P Ranch, mai suna "P" alamar Porter. Faransanci ya sami kadada 43,000 (170 ) Sod House Ranch daga AH Robie a 1877 tare da dukiyar Robie a cikin kwarin Diamond da Blitzen. A cikin shekarun 1880, ranch yana samun kudin shiga mai kyau ga Glenn. An haifi shanu a cikin makiyaya masu kyau. A cikin fall, Faransanci ya kori shanu 200 miles (320 km) zuwa tashar jirgin kasa a Winnemucca, Nevada.[1][2][3][4]

A shekara ta 1883, Faransanci ya auri 'yar Glenn Ella. Wani tsohon ma'aikaci ya kashe Glenn makonni uku bayan haka. Faransanci ya ci gaba da gudanar da aikin Oregon ga iyalin Glenn, yana sayar da karin shanu don taimakawa wajen biyan bashin iyali. A shekara ta 1894, magadan Glenn sun yanke shawarar haɗa haɗin gwiwar Faransa da Glenn a cikin Kamfanin Faransanci-Glenn, suna mai da Faransanci shugaban kamfanin.

A cikin shekaru, Faransanci ya fadada mallakar kamfanin har sai ranch ya shimfiɗa daga tuddai na Steens Mountain kilomita 40 (64  tare da bangarorin biyu na Kogin Donner da Blitzen zuwa Tafkin Malheur, gami da dukiyar Sod House Ranch da ke gudana a gefen kudancin tafkin. Har ila yau, ya rufe duk kwarin Happy da Diamond da ke kusa da shi tare da babban ɓangare na Kwarin Catlow zuwa kudu.-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Sod_House_Ranch#cite_note-MR1-2 [1]] A ƙarshe, Kamfanin Dabbobi na Faransa-Glenn ya mallaki fiye da kadada 140,000 (570 ) na Harney Basin .  Wasu rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa ranch na iya rufe kusan  km2).  Kamfanin ya gina mil 500 (800  na shinge mai kaifi don kare shanu 30,000 zuwa 45,000 tare da dawakai da alfadarai 3,000. Baya ga babban hedkwatar P Ranch, aikin yana da wasu ƙungiyoyi huɗu; Happy Valley Division, Diamond Division, Catlow Valley Division, da Sod House Division. Gidan Sod ya yi aiki a matsayin hedkwatar Faransanci a arewacin ƙarshen dukiyar kusa da bakin Kogin Donner und Blitzen da kuma gefen kudancin Tekun Malheur.

Faransanci ba ta shahara tare da sababbin mazauna a yankin ba saboda ya mallaki ko sarrafa mafi yawan ruwa a kudancin Harney Basin. Har ila yau, shingensa ya sa ya zama da wahala ga wasu masu gida su sami damar samun dukiyarsu. A ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1897, wani mazaunin da bai yi nasara ba wajen samun hanyar ba da izini a fadin dukiyar Faransa ya harbe Faransanci.

F. C. Lusk, sakataren Kamfanin Dabbobi na Faransa-Glenn kafin mutuwar Faransanci, ya zama mai aiwatar da dukiyar Faransanci kuma ya zama manajan ranch. Lusk a hankali ya sayar da kadarorin ranch don biyan bashin kamfanin. A cikin 1906, an sayar da yawancin dukiyar Faransa-Glenn ciki har da Sod House Ranch ga Henry L. Corbett da abokin aikinsa C.E.S. Wood. A cikin 1916, Kamfanin Eastern Oregon Live Stock Company ne ya sayi dukiyar. A cikin shekarun 1920, John Jenkins ne ya sayi ɓangaren dukiyar da aka sani da Barton Lake Ranch. Wannan dukiya ta haɗa da sanannen Pete French Round Barn . A cikin 1935, Gwamnatin Amurka ta sayi ragowar dukiya don fadada Malheur National Wildlife Refuge .  

 Wuri 
Gundumar Tarihin Sod House Ranch tana cikin Malheur National Wildlife Refuge a kudu maso gabashin Oregon. Gundumar tarihi ta mamaye kadada 10 (0.040 ). Shafin yana da kusan mil 1 (1.6  kudu da Tafkin Malheur da mil 1 (1.6) yammacin Kogin Donner und Blitzen. Tsawon ranch yana da ƙafa 4,104 (1, m) sama da matakin teku.

Gidan Sod yana da mil 25 (40 kudu maso gabashin Burns, Oregon a layi kai tsaye. Daga Burns, tafiya gabas a kan Oregon Route 78 na mil 2 (3.2 ; sannan juya kudu a kan Oregon Road 205. Bi Hanyar 205 na kilomita 23 (kilomita 37) kafin juya gabas a kan Hanyar Narrows-Princeton. Kimanin kilomita 4 (6.4) daga wannan mahaɗar, juya kudu a kan hanyar shiga Sod House Ranch. Bi hanyar samun dama na mil 1 (1.6 don isa wurin tarihi na ranch.[1][2]

 Manazarta 

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