Geodemography

Geodemography shine nazarin mutane bisa ga inda suke zaune. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Yana haɗa kimiyyar ƙididdigar jama'a, nazarin ƙididdigan yawan jama'a na ɗan adam, da Yanayin ƙasa, nazarin bambancin wuri da sararin samaniya na abubuwan da suka faru na zahiri da na ɗan adam a Duniya,  tare da ilimin zamantakewa. Ya haɗa da aikace-aikacen rarrabuwa na ƙasa don kasuwanci, bincike na zamantakewa da manufofin jama'a amma yana da tarihin layi daya a cikin binciken ilimi wanda ke neman fahimtar hanyoyin da ƙauyuka (musamman, birane) suka samo asali kuma an kafa unguwa. Tsarin yanayin ƙasa yana kimanta halayen da suka fi dacewa da mutane bisa ga bayanan da aka haɗa na duk mutanen da ke zaune a cikin ƙaramin yanki kusa da takamaiman adireshin.

 Asalin 
Asalin ilimin ƙasa galibi ana gano shi a matsayin Charles Booth da karatunsa na talauci da talauci a farkon karni na ashirin a Landan, da Makarantar zamantakewar al'umma ta Chicago. Booth ya haɓaka ra'ayin 'rarraba unguwanni', wanda aka kwatanta da rarrabawar da ya yi na bayanan ƙididdigar Burtaniya na 1891 don ƙirƙirar ƙididdigaren zamantakewar gundumomin rajista na London (sa'an nan). Bincike a Makarantar Chicago - ko da yake gabaɗaya inganci ne a cikin yanayi - ya ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa irin wannan rarrabuwa na iya zama mai ma'ana ta hanyar haɓaka ra'ayin 'yanki na halitta' a cikin birane: an ɗauka a matsayin raka'a na ƙasa tare da yawan jama'a na zamantakewar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da al'adu.

 A cikin Burtaniya 
A shekara ta 2005 Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa (ONS)  tare da haɗin gwiwar Dan Vickers da Phil Rees na Jami'ar Leeds, sun fitar da karamin yanki na zamantakewa na Burtaniya  bisa ga bayanan ƙididdigar karamin yanki ta Burtaniya ta 2001. An haɓaka irin wannan rarrabuwa don ƙididdigar da ta gabata, musamman ta Stan Openshaw da abokan aiki a Jami'o'in Newcastle da Leeds, amma samun damar waɗannan gabaɗaya an ƙuntata shi ga al'ummomin ilimi.

2005 Output Area Classification (OAC) da kuma 2013 release na Acorn a Burtaniya Ƙwai mataki ne na 'buɗe geodemographics' kuma yana nuna damuwa cewa aikace-aikacen geodemographic na kasuwanci a cikin manufofi da bincike na zamantakewa na iya zama 'black box'. Ba koyaushe yake bayyane daidai waɗanne masu canji aka yi amfani da su don rarraba ƙananan yankuna da kuma bayyana nau'in unguwarsu ba, yadda aka auna waɗannan masu canji, ko kuma yadda suke kama (ko in ba haka ba) kowane ɗayan unguwanni a cikin nau'in aji a zahiri. Open geodemographics yana ba da irin wannan bayanin (saboda ba a ƙuntata shi da bukatun kasuwanci) kuma yana da muhimmiyar ci gaba don bincike na zamantakewa wanda ke neman fahimtar da kuma bayyana tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da matakai waɗanda ke haifar da tsarin sararin samaniya na halayyar zamantakewa da halayen. Rarraba Yankin fitarwa yanzu yana tallafawa ta ƙungiyar mai amfani a nan. CACI ta kuma fitar da cikakkun takardu game da yadda rarraba su ke amfani da Bayanan Budewa a nan.

 Manazarta