Dauda

Dauda (/ˈdeɪ.vɪd/; Ibrananci na Littafi Mai-Tsarki: דָּוִד ,  , " ƙaunatacce")  ya kasance sarki na Isra'ila da Yahuza na dā,   bisa ga Littafi Mai-Msarki na Ibrananci da Tsohon Alkawari.

Stele na Tel Dan, dutse mai rubutun Aramaic wanda sarki na Aram-Damascus ya gina a ƙarshen ƙarni na 9 / farkon ƙarni na 8 KZ don tunawa da nasarar da aka samu a kan sarakuna biyu na abokan gaba, ya ƙunshi kalmar , wanda yawancin masana suka fassara shi a matsayin "Gidan Dauda". Mesha_Stele" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mesha Stele">Mesha Stele, wanda Sarki Mesha na Mowabi ya gina a karni na 9 KZ, na iya nufin "Gidan Dauda", kodayake ana jayayya da wannan. A cewar ayyukan Yahudawa kamar Seder Olam Rabbah, Seder Olam Zutta, da Sefer ha-Qabbalah (duk an rubuta su sama da shekaru dubu bayan haka), Dauda ya hau gadon sarauta a matsayin sarkin Yahuza a cikin 885 KZ. Baya ga wannan, duk abin da aka sani game da Dauda ya fito ne daga wallafe-wallafen Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda aka kalubalanci tarihinsa sosai, kuma akwai ɗan daki-daki game da Dauda wanda yake da kankare kuma ba a musanta shi ba.Writing and Rewriting the Story of Solomon in Ancient Israel; by Isaac Kalimi; page 32; Cambridge University Press, 2018;  Tattaunawar ta ci gaba a kan batutuwan da suka shafi rikice-rikice da yawa: ainihin lokacin mulkin Dauda da iyakokin ƙasa na mulkinsa; ko labarin yana aiki ne a matsayin kare siyasa na daular Dauda game da zarge-zargen zalunci, kisan kai da kisan kai; dangantakar homoerotic tsakanin Dauda da Jonathan; ko rubutun labari ne mai kama da Homer wanda ke karɓar abubuwa daga tsohuwar Gabas ta kusa; da kuma ko abubuwa na rubutun sun kasance a ƙarshen lokacin Hasmonean.

A cikin Labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Littattafan Sama'ila, an bayyana Dauda a matsayin matashi makiyayi da kuma mawaƙa wanda zuciyarsa ta sadaukar da kai ga Yahweh, Allah ɗaya na gaskiya. Ya sami shahara kuma ya zama jarumi ta hanyar kashe Goliyat. Ya zama ƙaunataccen Saul, sarkin Isra'ila na farko, amma an tilasta masa ya ɓoye lokacin da Saul ya zargi Dauda da makirci don karɓar kursiyinsa. Bayan an kashe Saul da ɗansa Jonathan a yaƙi, kabilar Yahuza ta shafa Dauda a matsayin sarki kuma a ƙarshe duk kabilun Isra'ila. Ya ci Urushalima, ya sanya ta babban birnin Isra'ila mai haɗin kai, kuma ya kawo Akwatin Alkawari zuwa birnin. Ya yi zina da Bathsheba kuma ya shirya mutuwar mijinta, Uriah the Hittite. Ɗan Dauda Absalom daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari ya hambarar da shi, amma Dauda ya koma Urushalima bayan mutuwar Absalom don ci gaba da mulkinsa. Dauda yana so ya gina haikalin Yahweh, amma an hana shi saboda zubar da jini na mulkinsa. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 70 kuma ya zaɓi Solomon, ɗansa tare da Bathsheba, a matsayin magajinsa maimakon ɗansa na fari Adoniya. Ana girmama Dauda a matsayin sarki mai kyau kuma kakan Almasihu na Ibrananci na gaba a cikin litattafan annabci na Yahudawa, kuma ana danganta zabura da yawa ga shi.

 Labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki 

 Iyali 
Littafin Sama'ila na Farko da Littafin Tarihi duka sun bayyana Dauda a matsayin ɗan Ishiku, Baitalami, ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya maza takwas. Har ila yau, yana da aƙalla 'yan'uwa mata biyu: Zeruya, wanda 'ya'yansa maza duk suka ci gaba da aiki a cikin sojojin Dauda, da Amasa)" id="mwnA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abigail (mother of Amasa)">Abigail, wanda ɗansa Amasa ya yi aiki a cikin rundunar Absalom, Absalom yana ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yan Dauda. Duk da yake Littafi Mai-Tsarki bai ambaci mahaifiyarsa ba, Talmud ya bayyana ta a matsayin Nitzevet, 'yar wani mutum mai suna Adael, kuma Littafin Ruth ya ce shi babban jikan Ruth, Mowab, ta Boaz.

An bayyana David a matsayin karfafa dangantakarsa da kungiyoyin siyasa da na kasa daban-daban ta hanyar aure. A cewar 1 Sama'ila 17:25, Sarki Saul ya ce zai sa duk wanda ya kashe Goliath ya zama mai arziki sosai, ya ba shi 'yarsa kuma ya bayyana dangin mahaifinsa ba su da haraji a Isra'ila. Saul ya miƙa wa David 'yarsa ta fari, Merab, auren da Dauda ya ƙi da girmamawa. Saul ya ba da Merab a matsayin aure ga Adriel the Meholathite. Bayan an gaya masa cewa ƙaramar 'yarsa Michal tana ƙaunar Dauda, Saul ya ba ta aure ga Dauda a kan biyan Dauda a cikin foreskins na Filistiyawa  (masanin tarihin Yahudawa na dā Josephus ya lissafa sadaki a matsayin kawunan Filistiya 100).  Saul ya yi kishi da Dauda kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe shi. Dauda ya tsere. Sa'an nan Saul ya aika Michal zuwa Galim ya auri Palti, ɗan Laish. Daga nan sai Dauda ya ɗauki mata a Hebron, bisa ga 2 Sama'ila 3; su ne Ahinoam Yizre'elite; Abigail, gwauruwar Nabal Carmelite; Maacah, 'yar Talmay, sarkin Geshur; Haggith; Abital; da Eglah. Daga baya, Dauda ya so Michal ya dawo kuma Abner, kwamandan sojojin Ish-boshet, ya ba shi, ya haifar da baƙin ciki mai yawa ga Palti.

Littafin Tarihi ya lissafa 'ya'yansa maza tare da matansa da Ƙwaraƙwarai daban-daban. A Hebron, Dauda yana da 'ya'ya maza shida: Amnon, ta Ahinoam; Daniyel, ta Abigail; Absalom, ta Maki; Adoniya, ta Haggith; Shephatiah, ta Abital; da Ithream, ta Eglah (1 Labari 3:1-3). Daga Bathsheba, 'ya'yansa maza sune Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, da Solomon. 'Ya'yan Dauda da aka haifa a Urushalima daga sauran matansa sun hada da Ibhar, Elishua, Eliphelet, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama da Eliada (2 Sama'ila 5:14-16). Jerimoth, wanda ba a ambaci shi a cikin kowane zuriya ba, an ambaci shi azaman wani daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza a cikin 2 Labaran 2 11:18. 'Yarsa Tamar, ta Maachah, ɗan'uwanta Amnon ya yi mata fyade. Dauda ya kasa kawo Amnon a gaban shari'a saboda cin zarafin Tamar, saboda shi ɗan fari ne kuma yana ƙaunarta, don haka Absalom (ɗan'uwanta) ya kashe Amnon don rama Tamar.
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