Louisa Wells Aikman

Louisa Wells Aikman, wanda aka fi sani da Louisa Susannah Aikman, (an haife ta Louisa Susanah Wells; Oktoba 1755 - Nuwamba 1831) marubuciya ce ta Amurka kuma mai tara kiɗa. An fi saninta da littafinta, The journal of a voyage from Charleston, SC, to London .

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Louisa a Charleston, South Carolina, Birtaniya Amurka, a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1755. Iyayenta sune Robert Wells (1728-1794) da Mary Rowand (1728-1805).

Mahaifinta ya kasance babban mai sayar da littattafai, mai bugawa, da kuma mai buga jarida a Charleston .  A shekara ta 1764, Robert Wells ya buga jarida, South Carolina da American General Gazette . A shekara ta 1775, Wells ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da mafi yawan littattafai don sayarwa a Amurka. Yayinda yake Charleston, ya rubuta kuma ya buga "Travestie of Virgil". Robert Wells ya kasance "mai aminci mai himma".  Sakamakon haka, a farkon Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, ya bar yankuna kuma ya koma London. 

Mahaifiyarta ita ce 'yar fari ta John Rowand (alt Rowan), ɗan kasuwa na Glasgow, Scotland . John Rowan ya fito ne daga dangin Ruthven, Earle na Gowrie, wanda ya bar sunan Ruthven ga Rowand.

Ta girma tare da 'yan'uwa maza biyu da mata biyu. Babban ɗan'uwanta shine John Wells (1752-1799). Yayansa shi ne William Charles Wells, MD (1757-1817). Babbar 'yar'uwarta ita ce Griselda Wells  (1756-1843), wacce ba ta da aure. Ƙaramar 'yar'uwarta ita ce Helena Wells (1758-1824) ta auri Edward Whitford (1762-1834). Helena ta rubuta litattafai guda biyu: The Stepmother (1799) da Constantia Neville (1800).

Bayan mahaifinta Mai Aminci ya gudu daga Charleston zuwa Ingila a shekara ta 1775, Louisa da ɗan'uwanta sun kasance don gudanar da kasuwancin iyali. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an kore ta a matsayin Loyalist kuma an tilasta mata barin Amurka. Louisa ta tashi a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1778, don neman gudun hijira a London. Ta haka ne aka fara tafiya da za a tuna da ita a cikin littafinta.

 Ayyuka 
Louisa Wells Aikman's The Journey of a Voyage from Charleston, SC, to London wanda aka dauka a lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka ta hanyar Daughter of a American Loyalist in the Year 1778 kuma an rubuta shi daga ƙwaƙwalwa kawai a cikin 1779 aiki ne mai ban mamaki na wani marubucin Arewacin Amurka na ƙarni na 18 .  Wannan littafin an dauke shi tushen farko na tarihin Amurka.

A cikin wannan littafin, Louisa ta ba da labari da yawa. An ba da labarin da yawa a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Smithsonian. A can, ana ba da labarai da yawa game da tafiyar Louisa, musamman tashi daga Charleston.

Wani labari ya ba da labari daga ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Charleston County. Laburaren ya sake maimaita labarin game da Taphophobia yayin da yake da alaƙa da abokiyar mahaifinta George Woodrop. Shekaru kafin tafiyar Louisa, Robert Wells ya halarci jana'izar Mista Woodrop. A kan tafiyar, Louisa ta koyi ƙarin bayani game da wannan jana'izar. Lokacin da yake magana da wani fasinja, wanda ya kasance sexton na cocin, Louisa ta fahimci cewa an binne Mista Woodrop da rai a cikin makabartar cocin.

Louisa tana son jikanta ya adana ayyukanta. A cikin ƙarin littafinta, a shafi na 108, ta rubuta "Wannan Manuscript na so za a iya adana shi ga jikan na Alexander Wells Aikman wanda na tashe shi tun yana yaro, kuma wanda yanzu yana cikin shekara ta goma sha huɗu. 1821.

 Tarin Kiɗa 
Mahaifin Louisa, Robert Wells, ya zo daga Scotland zuwa Charleston a matsayin mai sayar da littattafai a 1753. Ya kuma ɗauki daruruwan sabbin waƙoƙi da tarin waƙoƙoƙi masu ban sha'awa daga London, Dublin, da Edinburgh. Louisa ta kirkiro Littafin waƙoƙi na sirri wanda ya ƙunshi kusan takardu 110 na kiɗa. Littafin waƙoƙin Louisa an sayi shi ne a cikin 1992 ta Sashen Kiɗa na Laburaren Majalisa. Za'a iya kallon takardu daga littafin waƙoƙinta da mutum a ɗakin karatu.

 Iyali 
Ta yi aure a Kingston, Jamaica a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1782 ga Alexander Aikman (1755-1838), mai buga littattafai na Scotland, mai buga jarida, kuma mai mallakar ƙasa. Ta haɗu da shi daga Ingila bayan ba ta da wata matsala, bayan da ta yi ƙoƙari sau biyu a tafiyar: a ƙoƙari na farko, Faransanci sun kama ta, wanda ya tsare ta na watanni uku a Faransa, kuma a karo na biyu ta jirgin sarki, sakamakon ɗaukar ta a cikin jirgin bawa. Alexander ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1838 a Prospect Park, Saint Andrew, Jamaica, yana da shekaru 83. An binne shi a Cocin St. Andrew's Parish, wanda ake kira "Half-Way-Tree Church. " An binne surukinsa Charlotte Cory Aikman a cikin wannan makabartar.  A cikin sanarwa, wanda aka buga a cikin Gentleman's Magazine, an rubuta cewa "ya kasance mutum ne mai daraja da gaske, mai cancanta da sadaka, kuma mutuwarsa tana kuka sosai".

Alexander da Louisa suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mata takwas. Daga cikin 'ya'yansu 10, shida sun mutu tun suna jarirai. Dukkanin wadannan jarirai shida an binne su kusa da ɗan'uwan Alexander, Andrew, a The Strangers' Burial Ground a Kingston . 

'Ya'yanta mata uku da suka tsira sune Mary Ann (1782-1844), matar James Smith na Saint Andrews, Jamaica, Ann-Hunter (1788-1841), gwauruwar John Enright, Surgeon R.N (1795-1817), da Susanna (1791-1818). Ɗanta da ya tsira kuma magaji a kasuwancin buga littattafai na iyali shine Alexander Aikman (1783-1831), wanda ya auri Charlotte Cory (1781-1810) a cikin 1805, ya auri Mary Bryan (1787-1850) a cikin 1814, kuma ya mutu a watan Afrilu na 1831, (duba Gentleman's Magazine CI, i, 650) ya bar iyali da yawa.

 Mutuwa da binnewa 
Louisa ta tafi Cowes, Isle of Wight, mai yiwuwa ta kasance tare da 'yarta Susannah. Louisa ta mutu a Isle of Wight a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1831, shekaru 13 bayan 'yarta. An binne ta kusa da 'yarta a Cocin St. John the Baptist, Northwood a Isle of Wight . A cikin cocin parish a wurin K6-240 yana da Kabarin bagade na dutse na Portland, kewaye da shinge na ƙarfe, wanda aka sami rubutun da ke biyowa: A ƙasa an binne duk abin da ya kasance mai mutuwa na Susannah ta biyar da na bakwai na Alexander Aikman da Louisa Susannah, matarsa, na Tsibirin Jamaica.

A cikin guguwar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba ta Novr . 17th da 18th 1795, ta tsere wa jirgin ruwa, tare da mahaifinta, Uwargida, da jariri 'yar'uwarta lokacin da sama da 2000 na' yan uwan su suka hadu da kabari mai ruwa kusa da bayan wannan tsibirin. "Waɗanda ke sauka zuwa Tekun a cikin jiragen ruwa, waɗanda ke yin kasuwanci a cikin ruwa mai girma, waɗannan ayyukan Ubangiji ne da abubuwan al'ajabi a cikin zurfi! ---amma---Ya kawo su wurin da suke so.

Uwar da ke da ƙauna ta tashe wannan mai tawali'u

Abin tunawa ga Saint wanda ya tafi

aikin hajji ya ƙare a nan.

A cikin ƙasa mai nisa ɗa da 'ya'ya mata biyar

sun sauka zuwa Kabarin da ba a yi shiru ba! Irin waɗannan

 shi ne Mulkin Allah.A gefen kabarin akwai wannan rubutun:J. H. S.

Louisa Susannah

Matar Alexander Aikman

na Jamaica

Ya yi yawa. 29 ga Nuwamba 1831

 Aetat 76

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba