Ilimin yaren Jafananci a Indiya

Ilimin yaren Jafananci a Indiya ya sami ci gaba a farkon karni na 21, yana taimaka masa ya fara kama harsunan kasashen waje da suka fi shahara a tsakanin Indiyawa, kamar Faransanci da Jamusanci. Binciken da Gidauniyar Japan ta yi a shekara ta 2006 ya nuna malamai 369 da ke koyar da dalibai 11,011 a cibiyoyi daban-daban 106; yawan dalibai kusan ya ninka sau biyu tun binciken 2005.  Ya zuwa 2024, a cewar Gidauniyar Japan, mutane 52,946 suna koyon Jafananci a Indiya.

 Tarihi 

 Asalin 
An kafa darussan yaren Jafananci na farko a Indiya a cikin shekarun 1950; Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta fara bayar da darussan ta hanyar Makarantar yaren kasashen waje, Lodhi Road, New Delhi a cikin 1954, Visva-Bharati (Santiniketan) ta kafa sashen Jafananci a cikin 1954 wanda ya sanya shi jami'a ta farko a Indiya don gabatar da darusunan yaren Jafen. Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, J N Academy of Languages, New Delhi ya fara karatun Jafananci a shekara ta 1958. Yayinda Kungiyar hadin gwiwar Japan-India a Mumbai ta kafa ajin Jafananci a shekarar 1958. Jami'ar Delhi ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Japan a shekarar 1969, Jami'ar Pune ta kafa darasi a cikin harshe a shekarar 1977, kuma Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru ta New Delhi ta fara bayar da digiri a cikin harshen tun daga shekarar 1982. Koyaya, yaren bai ji daɗin shahara sosai ba har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Girman sha'awar yaren Jafananci ya faru ne a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, duk da rashin aikin gwamnati daga bangaren Jafananci da Indiya. Gidauniyar Japan da gwamnatin Japan ta tallafawa, kungiyar don inganta al'adun Japan, ta buɗe ofis a New Delhi a 1993, ta farko a Yankin Indiya; duk da haka, kasafin kudin ta ya zama kashi 2% kawai na kudaden da Gidauniyoyin ke kashewa a duniya, idan aka kwatanta da 15.1% na Gabashin Asiya da 20.4% na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ministan kudi na Indiya Manmohan Singh ya ba da shawarar tun a farkon shekara ta 1997 cewa Indiya tana buƙatar 10,000 daga cikin 'yan ƙasa don su iya magana da Jafananci; duk da haka, an dauki matakai kaɗan don cimma wannan burin.

 Ilimi da masana'antu 
Sakamakon rashin aiwatar da ayyukan gwamnati, an tilasta wa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu yin jagoranci a fannin ilimin harshen Japan. Yawancin koyar da harshen Jafananci a cikin ƙasar ana gudanar da su ne daga cibiyoyin da ba na makaranta ba, yayin da makarantun gwamnati suka yi watsi da buƙatar harshen; kashi 20 cikin 100 na ɗaliban Jafananci ne kawai ke karanta shi a lokacin karatunsu na firamare ko sakandare, ko kuma a jami'a.[1] Fitar da tsarin kasuwanci da kamfanonin fasahar bayanai ke da alhakin yawancin wannan; kamar yadda kamfanoni a Indiya ke yin nufin kasuwancin Japan, sun ƙara ɗaukar mutane masu jin Jafananci da ba da horo na cikin gida a cikin yare ga ma'aikatansu.[2]

Pune ta girma ta zama babbar cibiyar ilimin Harshen Jafananci a Indiya, ta wuce manyan birane kamar Mumbai da Kolkata duk da farkon su na baya-bayan nan dangane da sauran ƙasar. Malaman yaren Jafananci na farko sun zo garin a cikin shekarun 1970s; Jami'ar Pune ta kafa darasi na yaren Jafansanci a 1977 kuma ta inganta shi zuwa cikakken sashen a 1978.  Saboda haka, birnin ya kasance a wuri mai kyau don fara kama kasuwancin Japan lokacin da fasahar fasahar bayanai ta Indiya ta fara. Tun daga farkon shekara ta 2004, fitar da software zuwa Japan ya kai kashi 12% na masana'antar software ta Pune ta US $ 1 biliyan. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007, an kiyasta malamai 70 na Jafananci suna aiki a cikin birni; kuma gida ne na reshen kasar na Kungiyar Malaman Harshen Jafananci. Kamani tsakanin yaren Jafananci da na Marathi an ambaci shi a matsayin wani abu da wasu mazaunan Pune suka yi wajen sauƙaƙa nazarin yaren.

Kudancin Indiya, ko da yake a al'ada jagora ne a bangaren fasahar bayanai wanda ke fitar da yawancin buƙatun masu magana da Jafananci, a zahiri ya kasance a bayan ƙasar idan ya zo ga koyar da harshe. Bangalore_University" id="mwag" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bangalore University">Jami'ar Bangalore ta kafa wata hanya a cikin yaren, amma ba kamar Jami'ar Pune ko Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru ba, ba ta yi komai ba don inganta yaren. Ba a ba da gwajin ƙwarewar harshen Jafananci a kudancin Indiya ba har zuwa 2000, lokacin da aka kafa cibiyar gwaji a Chennai; an fara ba da gwajin ne a Bangalore a cikin 2007. Dukkanin masana'antar koyarwa da fassarar Jafananci a Kudancin Indiya an kiyasta samar da kudaden shiga na Rs. miliyan 1 kawai (US $ 21,000 a farashin musayar yanzu) tun daga shekara ta 2003, tare da makarantu 12 kawai da ke koyar da harshen. Bangalore tana da makarantu kaɗan kamar Stonehill International School da Trio World Academy wanda ke ba da darussan yaren Jafananci bayan makaranta ga yara masu fita waje.

 Rashin daidaituwa 
Duk da karuwar yawan Indiyawa da ke karatun Jafananci, har yanzu akwai babban rashi dangane da bukatun masana'antu; alal misali, a cikin kasuwancin fassara, akwai ayyuka 100 ga kowane 'yan takara 20. Gwamnatin Japan tana aiki tare da kungiyoyi a Indiya don magance matsalar, kuma tana da niyyar fadada yawan ɗaliban Indiya da ke koyon Jafananci zuwa 30,000 nan da shekarar 2012. A shekara ta 2006, Hukumar Ilimi ta Tsakiya ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen gabatar da tsarin koyar da harshen Jafananci, yana mai da Jafananci Harshen Gabashin Asiya na farko da za a bayar a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin karatu a makarantun sakandare na Indiya. Za a jaddada shi a kan yaren da ake magana, maimakon rubuce-rubuce; bisa ga tsarin karatun, ba za a koyar da kanji ba har sai aji na takwas.

 Gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun 
+Masu jarrabawar JLPT a IndiyaShekaraBirniBincike ta MatakiL1L2L3L4Jimillar2006Chennai332086288551724Kolkata13187141260Sabuwar Delhi482925343951269Pune7638371593921132005Chennai261363266451133Kolkata72467110208Sabuwar Delhi42195384254875Pune6639467572518602004Chennai411682985001007Kolkata2286887185Sabuwar Delhi37170254209670Pune6337366392820272003Chennai261363266451133Kolkata2255963149Sabuwar Delhi37156230191614Pune6132263685219412002ChennaiBayanan da suka ɓaceKolkataBayanan da suka ɓaceSabuwar DelhiBayanan da suka ɓacePuneBayanan da suka ɓace2001Chennai250140385577Kolkata1146194170Sabuwar Delhi32121134131418Pune201573714059532000Chennai102389197319Kolkata1173774129Sabuwar Delhi1194136120361Pune211392803117511999Kolkata125086139Sabuwar Delhi1097119126352Pune231423773939351998Kolkata - - - -192Sabuwar Delhi - - - -446Pune - - - -698
Ana ba da gwajin ƙwarewar harshen Jafananci a cikin birane takwas na Indiya har zuwa Oktoba 2020;  shafin gwajin da aka kara kwanan nan shine a Salem a Tamil Nadu. Jarabawar Mataki na 4, da nufin fara dalibai tare da kasa da sa'o'i 150 na koyarwa, shine mafi yawan ƙoƙarin; lambobi suna raguwa a matakan da suka fi girma. Adadin masu jarrabawa ya ninka sau huɗu tsakanin 1998 da 2006. Chennai tana da ci gaba mafi sauri a cikin yawan masu jarrabawa a wannan lokacin, yayin da Kolkata ta fi jinkiri. JETRO kuma tana ba da gwajin harshe na Jafananci na Kasuwanci a Bangalore, Mumbai, da New Delhi; a cikin 2006, mutane 147 sun yi ƙoƙari su yi gwajin, suna samar da kusan kashi 7.7% na duk masu jarrabawar kasashen waje. Kashi 94% na dukkan masu jarrabawar Indiya sun sami maki 410 ko ƙasa da 800, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 70% na duk masu jarrabawa na kasashen waje.

 Dubi kuma 

 Jafananci a Indiya
 Dangantakar al'adu ta Jafananci da Meitei #A cikin harshe

 Manazarta 

 Ƙarin karantawa