Jai Bhim Comrade

Jai Bhim Comrade fim ne na Indiya na 2011 wanda Anand Patwardhan ya jagoranta. Fim din ya fara ne da bayanin tashin hankali na 'yan sanda a cikin kisan gillar Ramabai na 1997. Ya ci gaba da bincika fannoni daban-daban na rayuwar da siyasa na mutanen Dalit a Mumbai. Fim din ya dauki shekaru 14 don samarwa, kuma an sake shi a 2011 bayan kammala gwajin kotu wanda ya biyo bayan lamarin Ramabai. An nuna fim din a ko'ina a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ya sami kyakkyawan martani. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na kasa da na kasa.

 Bayani game da shi 

 Kashe-kashen mulkin mallaka na Ramabai 
Jai Bhim Comrade ya fara ne da bayanin tsarin kabilanci na Indiya da zaluncin al'ummar Dalit.  Fim din ya hada da waƙar mawaki da mai fafutuka na Dalit Gilas Ghogre, sannan ya biyo bayan wani hoton jarida da ke kwatanta kashe kansa a matsayin martani ga kisan Ramabai a shekarar 1997.  Fim din ya bayyana kashe-kashen; a ranar 11 ga Yulin 1997 wani mutum-mutumi na B. R. Ambedkar a cikin mulkin mallaka na Dalit na Ramabai yana da garland na takalma da aka sanya a kansa, wani aiki da aka dauka a matsayin lalata. Wata zanga-zangar zaman lafiya da farko ta kai hari ta ƙungiyar 'yan sanda na musamman, inda suka kashe masu zanga-zambe goma, kuma wasu zanga-zaye daga baya a ranar sun ga ci gaba da tashin hankali na' yan sanda. Masu sharhi sun bayyana cewa tashin hankali ya samo asali ne daga nuna bambanci, yayin da shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan sanda ya kasance ana zarginsa da shari'o'i da yawa na cin zarafin mutanen Dalit. Mawallafin Dalit, mawaki, kuma mai fafutuka Vilas Ghogre ya rataye kansa don nuna rashin amincewa da lamarin. Bayan ya ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru game da kisan, fim din ya biyo bayan Patwardhan a ziyararsa ga iyalan wadanda aka kashe a harin, da kuma matar Ghogre. Fim din yana ƙoƙarin sake gina lamarin ta hanyar yin hira da shaidu a bangarorin biyu. An yi amfani da hotunan da wani farar hula ya harbe don ya saba wa bayanin abin da ya faru da 'yan sanda suka bayar.

Fim din ya nuna tambayoyi tare da yawancin abokan aikin Ghoghre, waɗanda suka tattauna yanayin siyasar Dalit a Indiya. A cikin murya, Patwardhan ya bayyana rayuwar Ambedkar, da kuma gwagwarmayarsa game da tsarin kabilanci. Tattaunawar ta haɗu da wasu Dalits suna kwatanta matsaloli da nuna bambanci da suke fuskanta a rayuwarsu. Wannan ɓangaren shirin ya kuma bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ta Dalit. Fim din ya bayyana hadin gwiwar Shiv Sena a cikin kisan Ramabai, kuma ya nuna Bal Thackeray a wani taron jama'a yana cewa ana bukatar a hallaka Musulmai. Fim din ya bambanta da yunkurin Shiv Sena na nuna kansa a matsayin zakara na Dalit, tare da jawabai da waƙoƙin shugabannin Dalit da ke ƙoƙarin magance wannan.

 Kabir Kala Manch 
Sashe na biyu na fim din yana mai da hankali kan gwagwarmayar Dalit ta zamani, musamman ayyukan Kabir Kala Manch, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ke amfani da wasan kwaikwayon su don wayar da kan jama'a da goyon baya ga dalilin su. Ana nuna shirye-shiryen bidiyo da yawa na waƙoƙi da zanga-zangar, tare da ganawa da shugabannin ƙungiyar.[1] Fim din ya bayyana nasarorin farko na ƙungiyar a lokacin zanga-zangar da ta biyo bayan Kisan kiyashi na Khairlanji a shekara ta 2006. Akidar kungiyar ta kasance cakuda na Ambedkar da aka haɗu da akidar hagu. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya wa kungiyar alama ta Naxalite, kuma hakan ya haifar da cewa ƙungiyar masu adawa da ta'addanci ta yi niyya. An tilasta wa mambobi da yawa su gudu, yayin da aka kama wasu.[1] Fim din ya ƙare tare da ganawa da uwaye biyu daga cikin mambobin Kabir Kala Manch waɗanda aka tilasta su shiga karkashin kasa.[2]

 Manazarta 
An yi fim din Jai Bhim Comrade a tsawon shekaru 14, daga 1997 zuwa lokacin da aka saki shi a 2011. Wani bangare na dalilin da ya sa ya dauki wannan tsawon lokaci shi ne cewa Patwardhan yana so ya jira sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da suka biyo bayan lamarin Ramabai kafin ya gama shirin. Har ila yau, shirin yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na hotunan ajiya daga shirin Patwardhan na baya Bombay Our City, wanda aka saki a shekarar 1985. Ana nuna kiɗa sosai, kusan kamar kalmomin da aka faɗi. Patwardhan ya bayyana cewa daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa fim din ya kai minti 200 shi ne cewa ya ji kamar ba zai iya yanke wani fim ba yayin gyara shi, saboda duk ya ba da gudummawa ga yanayin fim din.

 Karɓar karɓa da bincike 
A cikin bita na fim din, Human Rights Watch ta soki salon sa, tana mai cewa amfani da kiɗa ya zama maimaitawa, kuma tsawon fim din ya sa ba za a iya isa ba. Koyaya, bita ya bayyana cewa abun ciki "yana da mahimmanci," kuma cewa "Jai Bhim Comrade aiki ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke kawo al'adun da ke da mummunar zalunci, yana rushe duk wata gardama cewa nuna bambanci a cikin Mujallar Outlook wani abu ne na baya. "  Wani bita a cikin muhalli na Outlook ya ba da shawarar cewa wani muhimmin bangare na fim din shine binciken tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyar masu fafutukar Ambedkarite Dalit, da kuma babban ƙungiyar hagu da aka kwatanta a cikin kayan kwaminisanci daban-daban. Masu gwagwarmayar Dalit da aka nuna a cikin fim din, irin su Kabir Kala Manch, sun wakilci tsinkaye na gaskiya na Dalit da gwagwarmaya ta hagu. Binciken ya kuma yi sharhi cewa wasu masu gwagwarmayar Dalit sun fara haɗuwa da Shiv Sena duk da jagoran su Bal Thackeray yana yin jawabin ƙiyayya a kan Musulmai, kuma ya bambanta su da Kabir Kala Manch, wanda shine "sabon bege a sararin samaniya".  Masanin Balmurli Natarajan, yana rubutu a cikin mujallar Economic and Political Weekly, ya bayyana cewa fim din ya yi magana game da bukatar hadin kai tsakanin ƙungiyar Dalit da ƙungiyar hagu, kuma cewa ba a san shi ba.  Wani bita a cikin The Guardian ya ce fim din "ya fallasa gaskiyar da ke bayyane... game da ci gaba da zalunci na talakawa, kuma ana iya ganin shi a matsayin "babban dutse ga aikin Patwardhan mai ban mamaki".  Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Deborah Matzner ya ce fim ɗin ya bambanta "Hindutva na gilashi" na Shiv Sena tare da "mai ƙarfi da ƙiyayya" na Kabir Man Man Man Man's sun ce "macececece mai rikitarwa da ƙiyara" don wannan fim ɗin nan nan nan".[m]

Marubucin Birtaniya-Ghanaan kuma mai shirya fina-finai Kodwo Eshun ya kada kuri'a don fim din a kan zaben Sight & Sound na "The Greatest Documentaries of All Time", kamar yadda wasu masu sukar biyu (Julia Lesage da Cheuk To-Li) suka yi.

 Kyaututtuka 

 Ram Bahadur Grand Prize, Fim na Kudancin Asiya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011 
 Mafi kyawun Fim / Bidiyo, Bikin Fim na Duniya na Mumbai, Indiya, 2012 
 Kyautar Firebird don Mafi kyawun shirin, Bikin Fim na Duniya na Hong Kong, 2012 
 Kyautar Juri ta Musamman, Kyautar Fim ta Kasa, Indiya, 2012 
 Kyautar Bartok, bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Jean Rouch, 2012 

 Nominations 
Gasar Docufest, bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 48 na Chicago, 2012 . 

 Manazarta