Dutsen Kenya

Dutsen Kenya ( Meru : Kĩrĩmaara, Kikuyu : Kĩrĩmanyaga, ko "Kīrī-nyaga", Kamba : Ki nyaa, Embu : Kĩ nyaga ) shi ne kololu na biyu mafi girma a Afirka, bayan Kilimanjaro .  Mafi girman kololuwar dutsen su ne Batian (  ), Nelion (  ) da Point Lenana ( Dutsen Kenya yana cikin tsoffin lardunan Gabas da Tsakiya na Kenya; yanzu haka kololuwar sa ita ce mahadar gundumomin Meru, Embu, Kirinyaga, Nyeri da Tharaka Nithi, kimanin  kudu da equator, kimanin   arewa maso gabas na babban birnin Nairobi .   Dutsen Kenya shine tushen sunan Jamhuriyar Kenya.

Dutsen Kenya dutsen aman wuta ne da aka ƙirƙira kimanin shekaru miliyan 3 bayan buɗewar Gabashin Afirka .  Kafin ƙanƙara ta yi ƙarfi, ya kai tsayin  . An rufe shi da murfin kankara tsawon dubban shekaru. Wannan ya haifar da gangaren da suka lalace sosai da kuma kwaruruka da yawa da ke fitowa daga kololuwar.   A halin yanzu akwai ƙananan ƙanƙara guda 11, waɗanda ke raguwa da sauri, kuma suna iya ɓacewa nan da shekarar 2050.  Gandun dazuzzuka muhimmin tushen ruwa ne ga yawancin Kenya. 

 Kikuyu 
Mutanen Kikuyu suna zaune ne a gefen kudu da yamma na dutsen. Masu noma ne, kuma suna amfani da ƙasar aman wuta mai albarka a ƙananan gangaren. Sun yi imani cewa Allah, Ngai ko Mwene Nyaga, ya rayu a Dutsen Kenya lokacin da ya sauko daga sama.  Sun yi imani cewa dutsen shine kursiyin Ngai a duniya. Shi ne wurin da Gĩkũyũ, uban ƙabilar, ya saba haɗuwa da Allah. Don haka bisa ga bayanan Kikuyu, Gĩkũyũ shine mutum na farko a Duniya da ya hau dutsen. 'Mwene Nyaga' a yaren Kikuyu kuma ana iya fassara shi a matsayin "Mai mallakar jimina" ko "Mai mallakar fararen faci (na dusar ƙanƙara)" inda 'Mwene' ke fassara zuwa 'mai mallakar', da 'Nyaga' zuwa 'Jimina' ko fararen faci. Dusar ƙanƙara (a cikin Kikuyu: Ira) hulunan dutsen a alamance suna wakiltar kambi a kan mazaunin Allah. Kikuyu suna gina gidajensu da ƙofofi suna fuskantar dutsen.  Sunan Kikuyu na Dutsen Kenya shine Kirima Kĩrĩ Nyaga (Tsaunin Kirinyaga), wanda a zahiri yake fassara zuwa dutsen da ke da "Nyaga" - Jiminai. Saboda haka, ana karɓar dutsen a cikin gida a matsayin 'Wurin Hutu na Allah' ko 'Inda Allah Yake Zama'. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Dutsen Kenya wani dutse ne mai aman wuta wanda ke aiki a cikin Plio-Pleistocene . Babban ramin da aka gina a cikinsa wataƙila ya wuce  tsayi; kuma yana iya kaiwa har zuwa  tsayi, wanda ya sa Dutsen Kenya na da tarihi ya fi na Kilimanjaro na yanzu girma.  Tun lokacin da ya ƙare, akwai manyan lokutan ƙanƙara guda biyu, waɗanda aka nuna ta hanyar manyan zobba biyu na moraines a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara. Mafi ƙarancin moraine yana samuwa a kusan  .  A yau ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara ba ta kai ƙasa da  ba .  Bayan nazarin moraines, Gregory ya gabatar da ka'idar cewa a wani lokaci dukkan saman dutsen ya rufe da murfin kankara, kuma wannan ne ya lalata kololuwar zuwa yadda suke a yau. Gregory, J. W. (1894). 

Ba a taɓa yin ƙanƙara a ƙasan dutsen ba. Yanzu galibi ana noma su kuma ana dasa su a cikin dazuzzuka. Ana bambanta su da kwaruruka masu siffar V masu tsayi tare da rafuka da yawa. Sama da dutsen, a yankin da yanzu yake cikin daji, kwaruruka suna zama siffar U kuma suna da zurfi tare da ƙasa mai faɗi. Waɗannan an ƙirƙira su ne ta hanyar ƙanƙara. 

Lokacin da Dutsen Kenya ke aiki, akwai wasu ayyukan tauraron dan adam. Gefen arewa maso gabas na dutsen yana da tsoffin matosai da ramuka masu aman wuta. Mafi girma daga cikinsu, Ithanguni, har ma yana da murfin kankara lokacin da manyan kololuwa suka rufe da kankara. Ana iya ganin wannan ta hanyar santsi na saman kololuwar. Duwatsu masu zagaye masu gefen tsayi suma suna yawaita a wannan yanki, waɗanda wataƙila sune ragowar ƙananan ramuka masu toshewa. Duk da haka, kamar yadda sauran dutsen yake kusan daidaitacce, yawancin ayyukan dole ne sun faru ne a tsakiyar toshewar. 
Kololuwar Dutsen Kenya kusan dukkansu asalin dutsen aman wuta ne. Yawancin kololuwar suna kusa da tsakiyar dutsen wanda ke da siffar Alpine saboda yanayinsu mai kauri. Yawanci a cikin tsaunukan Alpine, mafi tsayin kololuwa da gendarmes suna faruwa ne a mahadar tsaunuka.  Kololuwar tsakiya tana da 'yan mosses, lichens, da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsayi kawai waɗanda ke girma a cikin ramukan dutse.  Nisa da kololuwar tsakiya, toka mai aman wuta tana rufe da tokar aman wuta da ƙasa.  Tsire-tsire da ke tsirowa a kan waɗannan kololuwar sun saba da tsarin tsirrai.

Mafi tsayin kololuwa sune Batian (  ), Nelion (  ) da Pt Lenana (  ). Batian da Nelion suna cikin  na juna, sun raba ta da rata ta Ƙofar Hazo ta  .  

 Manazarta