Hans Speidel

Hans Speidel (28 ga Oktoba 1897 - 28 ga Nuwamba 1984) ya kasance janar na Jamus wanda ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin Daular Jamus, Nazi Jamus da Jamus ta Yamma. Babban jami'in farko na Bundeswehr, ya kasance babban dan wasa a sake makamai na Jamus ta Yamma a lokacin Yaƙin Cold da kuma hadewar Jamus ta Yankin cikin NATO da tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan hadin gwiwar tsaro ta Turai da Yamma a cikin shekarun 1950. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Ƙasar Allied na Tsakiyar Turai (COMLANDCENT) daga 1957 zuwa 1963 sannan kuma a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Harkokin Kasa da Kasa da Tsaro ta Jamus daga 1964.

Speidel ya shiga Sojojin Imperial na Jamus a shekara ta 1914, yana ganin aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin Reichswehr a lokacin yakin basasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata ga Field Marshal Erwin Rommel a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma an kara shi zuwa janar janar a 1944. Speidel ya shiga cikin shirin 20 ga Yuli don kashe Hitler saboda rashin amincewa da Manufofin wariyar launin fata na Nazi Jamus, kuma an ba shi aikin daukar Rommel don juriya. Bayan da makircin ya gaza Gestapo ta kama shi. Tare da taimakon Pallottines na addini, ya sami damar tserewa tare da wasu fursunoni kuma sun sami damar shiga ɓoye a Urnau a cikin gundumar Lake Constance ta yau kuma sojojin Faransa sun kai su can a kwanakin ƙarshe na yakin. Speidel na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da suka halarci shirin 20 ga Yuli don tsira daga yakin.

A lokacin farkon Yaƙin Cold, Speidel ya fito ne a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin soja na Jamus ta Yamma, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a sake makamai na Jamus ta Kudu, tattaunawar kasashen Yammacin duniya kan hadin gwiwar tsaro da haɗin kan Jamus ta Yankin cikin NATO. Don haka an dauke shi daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa [./<i id= Bundeswehr]" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr. An nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara na soja ga Shugaba Konrad Adenauer a cikin 1950 kuma ya shiga wanda ya riga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Tarayya a cikin 1951, ya kasance babban wakilin Jamus ta Yamma a taron kan Yarjejeniyar da ta kafa Kungiyar Tsaro ta Turai daga 1951 zuwa 1954 kuma ya kasance jagora mai tattaunawa lokacin da Jamus ta Yankin ta shiga NATO. A shekara ta 1955 ya zama darektan janar a Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Tarayya tare da matsayin soja na janar-janar a cikin Bundeswehr, kuma a shekara ta 1957 ya zama jami'in farko da za a kara shi zuwa cikakken Janar a Jamus ta Yamma. Ya yi aiki a matsayin COMLANDCENT daga 1957 zuwa 1963, tare da hedkwatar a Fadar Fontainebleau a Paris. 

Speidel kuma masanin tarihi ne ta hanyar horo, ya koyar a Jami'ar Tübingen kuma ya rubuta littattafai da yawa. Ya sami Grand Cross tare da Star da Sash na Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus a 1963. A shekara ta 1964 ya zama Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Jamus da Harkokin Tsaro, babban ma'aikatar tunani ta gwamnatin Jamus a dangantakar kasa da kasa. Shi ne mahaifin Brigadier Janar Hans Helmut Speidel kuma surukin Kwamishinan Turai kuma ɗan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi Guido Brunner. An sanya wa sansanin soja na Jamus, Janar Dr Speidel Barracks a Bruchsal suna don girmama shi a shekarar 1997.

 Farkon aiki 
An haifi Speidel a Metzingen . Ya shiga Sojojin Jamus a shekara ta 1914 a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko kuma an kara shi da sauri zuwa mataimakin na biyu. A lokacin yakin ya kasance kwamandan kamfani a Yaƙin Somme kuma mai ba da shawara. Ya zauna a cikin Sojojin Jamus a lokacin yakin basasa kuma ya yi nazarin tarihi da tattalin arziki a jami'o'i daban-daban. A shekara ta 1926 ya sami digiri na Ph.D. a tarihin Magna cum laude .

 Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu 
Speidel ya shiga cikin mamayewar Faransa ta 1940 kuma a watan Agusta ya zama Babban hafsan kwamandan soja a Faransa. A lokacin da yake Faransa, Speidel yana da alaƙa da kisan kiyashi da kuma korar Yahudawa da 'yan kwaminisanci da aka yi garkuwa da su a matsayin fansa ga ayyukan da 'yan adawa na Faransa suka yi. Kodayake Speidel da kansa bai ba da umarnin ramuwar gayya ba, amma gwamnonin soja Otto von Stülpnagel, kuma bayan von Stül pnagel ya yi murabus saboda rashin son aiwatar da ramuwar, dan uwansa, Carl-Heinrich von Stülbnagel, sa hannun sa daga baya ya jawo gardama. Speidel zai aika da rahotanni game da ramuwar gayya ga Oberkommando der Wehrmacht a Berlin, kuma a wani lokaci yayi ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da matakan, yana mai da'awar cewa an yi niyya ne ga 'yan kwaminisanci na Yahudawa waɗanda ke bayan hare-haren Wehrmacht.

A shekara ta 1942 an tura Speidel zuwa Gabashin Gabas inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban hafsan soji na 5th Army Corps, kuma a matsayin Babban ma'aikatan soji na 8th Army a shekara ta 1943, inda aka kara shi zuwa janar.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1944, an nada Speidel a matsayin Babban Ma'aikacin Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojoji ta B, wanda aka ajiye a bakin tekun Atlantic na Faransa. Lokacin da Rommel ya ji rauni, Speidel ya ci gaba a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikata na sabon kwamandan rundunar Sojoji ta B, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge .

A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1944, Speidel ya amsa wayar lokacin da Alfred Jodl, shugaban ma'aikatan OKW, ya kira Field Marshal Walter Model, babban kwamandan yammacin gaba, tare da umarnin Hitler ya fara niyya da Paris nan da nan tare da rokoki na V1 da V2. Model bai kasance a ciki ba. Speidel bai ba da umarnin ga shugabansu ba.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1984
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897