William Crawford (soja)

William Crawford (2 ga Satumba, 1722 - 11 ga Yuni, 1782) ya kasance jami'in soja na Amurka kuma mai binciken ƙasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin ƙasa tare da George Washington yayin da Washington ke matashi. Crawford ya yi yaƙi a cikin Yaƙin Faransa da Indiya, Yaƙin Ubangiji Dunmore da Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Colonel. A shekara ta 1782, an kai hari ga ƙungiyarsa, kuma yayin da shi da likitansa suka tsere na kasa da rana ɗaya, daga ƙarshe an kama Crawford, an azabtar da shi kuma an ƙone shi a kan gungume ta tsohon soja na Crawford wanda ya zama wakilin Burtaniya, Simon Girty, da Kyaftin Pipe, Babban Jami'in Delaware Nation. 

 Farkon aiki 
An haifi Crawford a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1722, a cikin Westmoreland County, Virginia .  Kafin binciken asalin 1995 da Allen W. Scholl ya yi, an kiyasta shekarar haihuwarsa ta 1732 ne. Shi ɗan William Crawford Sr. ne da matarsa Honora Grimes,  wadanda manoma ne na Scots-Irish. William Crawford Sr ya kasance Presbyterian na Zuriyar Scotland daga Coleraine, Ireland a cikin abin da ke Arewacin Ireland a yau kuma Honora Grimes ya kasance Presbyterian na zuriyar Scottish daga Ballymoney, Ireland a abin da ke Arewacin Ireland a yanzu. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a 1736, mahaifiyar Crawford ta auri Richard Stephenson . Crawford yana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, Valentine Crawford, tare da 'yan'uwa biyar da' yar'uwa ɗaya daga auren mahaifiyarsa na biyu. Dan uwan Crawford na farko, Benjamin Lewis, ya jagoranci kamfen tare da Thomas Jefferson a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1768 kan bukatar fadada bincike a yankin Kanawha da Ohio bayan tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Fort Stanwix a watan Nuwamba. Crawford a karkashin jagorancin Washington daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci binciken da ya biyo baya na yankin Kanawha, Ohio da Kentucky a cikin shekaru bayan haka har zuwa 1773.

A shekara ta 1742 Crawford ya auri Ann Stewart, tare da ita ya haifi ɗa ɗaya, 'yar kuma mai suna Ann, a shekara ta 1743. [<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span>] A bayyane ta mutu a lokacin haihuwa ko jim kadan bayan haka, kuma a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1744, ya auri Hannah Vance, wanda aka ce an haife shi a Pennsylvania a cikin 1723. Ɗansu John ya auri Effie Grimes; Ophelia ta auri William McCormick, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kyaftin a lokacin Yakin Indiya na Arewa maso Yamma,  da kuma Sarah wanda ya auri Major William Harrison wanda Kyaftin Pipe ya kama shi kuma ya kashe shi. Simon Girty, kafin ya azabtar da kuma kashe Crawford, ya yi ƙarya kuma ya gaya wa Crawford surukinsa yana da rai kuma wani Shawnee daban yana riƙe da shi, wanda aka riga aka kashe shi. 

 Juyin Juya Halin Amurka 
Lokacin da Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka ya fara, Crawford da farko an ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin kwamandan a cikin 5th Virginia Regiment a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1776.  An haifi Virginia ta 5 a cikin yankunan da ke kusa da Richmond kuma an kafa ta ne a Williamsburg,  inda Crawford ya shiga cikin rundunar don shiga cikin horar da sabbin ma'aikata. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an kara Crawford zuwa Colonel na 7th Virginia Regiment don cika gurbi lokacin da Colonel William Daingerfield ya yi murabus daga kwamandan wannan rukunin.

Yawancin tarihi ba daidai ba ne suka bayyana cewa Crawford ya tayar da 7th Virginia Regiment kusa da Fort Pitt a farkon juyin juya halin. An fara tasowa na 7th Virginia a kudu maso gabashin Virginia kusa da Gidan Kotun Gloucester .  Wannan rikice-rikice na iya zama saboda rawar da Crawford ya taka wajen tayar da wani runduna kusa da Fort Pitt, na 13 Virginia, wanda aka sake sanya shi na 9th Virginia a cikin 1778 kuma daga baya aka sake kiransa na 7th Virginia a 1781 yayin da yake tsaye a Fort Pitt. Crawford ya umurci 13th Virginia na wani lokaci a cikin 1777.

manazarta