Sofia Gubaidulina

Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina   (24 Oktoba 1931 - 13 Maris 2025) mawaƙiya ce ta Soviet da Rasha wacce ta rubuta waƙoƙin tsarki na zamani .  Ta kasance mai hazaka sosai, tana samar da waƙoƙin chamber, orchestral da kuma mawaƙa da yawa.  An bayyana ayyukanta a matsayin binciken tashin hankali tsakanin kiɗan Yamma da Gabas, kuma an siffanta ta da "amfani da ƙananan sauti da kuma salon rubutu, salon rubutu da kuma amfani da sautuka masu bambanci." 

An yaba wa waƙoƙinta saboda "ƙarfin motsin rai", yayin da ta bayyana waƙarta a matsayin wadda ke kawo legato, wato, jin "haɗin gwiwa a cikin rarrafewar rayuwa." [1] Tare da Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Pärt da Edison Denisov, an ɗauke Gubaidulina a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet waɗanda hukumomi suka ƙi, ciki har da KGB, amma waɗanda manyan ƙungiyar makaɗa ta duniya suka saba ba da umarni da kuma yin ayyukansu, tare da babban abin da ta fara samu shine wasan kide-kide na goge-gogenta Offertorium (1980).

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Gubaidulina a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1931 a Chistopol, Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Soviet mai cin gashin kanta ta Tatar (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tatarstan ), SFSR ta Rasha,   ga mahaifin wani ɗan Tatar na Volga kuma mahaifiyar 'yar asalin Poland-Yahudawa. Mahaifinta, Asgat Masgudovich Gubaidulin, ƙwararren mai binciken ƙasa ne kuma injiniya, mahaifiyarta kuma, Fedosiya Fyodorovna (née Yelkhova), malamar makaranta ce.  

 Sana'a 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Gubaidulina mamba ce mai ibada a Cocin Orthodox na Rasha .  A shekarar 1973, an kai mata hari aka kuma shake ta a cikin lif na ginin gidanta da ke Moscow, amma ta tsira.   Daga baya abokanta suka yi tunanin cewa maharin wakilin KGB ne.  Bayan faduwar Tarayyar Soviet, ta zauna a Appen, Jamus, tun daga 1992.   Babban piano na Steinway da ke gidanta kyauta ce daga Rostropovich .  Ta yi aure sau uku;  mijinta na biyu marubuci ne kuma ɗan adawa Nikolai Bokov .  Gubaidulina ta dakatar da waƙa a shekarar 2012 bayan mutuwar mijinta na uku Pyotr Meshchaninov, 'yarta, da abokinta kuma abokin waƙarta Viktor Suslin . 

Tasirin kiɗan lantarki da dabarun haɓakawa an misalta su a cikin haɗakar abubuwan da ke bambanta juna, sabbin kayan kida da amfani da kayan kida na gargajiya na Rasha a cikin ayyukanta na solo da ɗakin taro, gami da De profundis don bayan, Et expecto, sonata don bayan, da In croce don cello da organ ko bayan. Koto, kayan kida na gargajiya na Japan an nuna shi a cikin aikinta In the Shadow of the Tree, inda ɗan wasa ɗaya ke yin wasa akan kayan kida daban-daban guda uku - koto, bass koto, da zheng . Canticle of the Sun wani cello concerto/choral hybrid ne, wanda aka keɓe ga Mstislav Rostropovich . Amfani da mafi ƙarancin rajista akan cello yana buɗe sabbin damammaki ga kayan kida. 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931
MANAZARTA