Tarihin ƙasa

Tarihi ƙasa shine reshe na Yanayin ƙasa wanda ke nazarin hanyoyin da abubuwan da suka faru na ƙasa suka canza a tsawon lokaci. A cikin tsarinsa na zamani, horo ne mai haɗawa wanda ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka dace da tarihi, ilimin ɗan adam, ilimin muhalli, ilimin ƙasa, Nazarin muhalli. Kodayake yawancin ayyukan da ke cikin tarihin ƙasa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin Yanayin ɗan adam, filin kuma ya haɗa da nazarin canjin ƙasa waɗanda ba su da asali ga ɗan adam. Tarihin ƙasa sau da yawa babban bangare ne na tsarin karatun makaranta da jami'a a cikin ilimin ƙasa da Nazarin zamantakewa. Binciken yanzu a cikin tarihin tarihi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar masana a cikin kasashe sama da arba'in.

 Jigogi 
Wannan reshe na Yanayin ɗan adam yana da alaƙa da Tarihi, Tarihin muhalli, da ilimin muhalli na tarihi.

Tarihin ƙasa yana neman tantance yadda siffofin al'adu na al'ummomi daban-daban a duk faɗin duniya suka fito kuma suka samo asali ta hanyar fahimtar hulɗarsu da mahallinsu da kewayenta.

Nazarin da aka yi kwanan nan suna amfani da hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba, kamar su botany da Archaeology.Taxel, Itamar (2023-03-04). "Towards an Integration of Historical Trees into the Mediterranean Archaeological Record: Case Studies from Central Israel". Environmental Archaeology. 28 (2): 86–109. doi:10.1080/14614103.2021.1877512. ISSN 1461-4103.

 Ci gaban horo 
A farkon kwanakinsa, yanayin tarihi yana da wuyar bayyanawa a matsayin batun. Wani littafi daga shekarun 1950 ya ambaci ma'anar da ta gabata a matsayin 'ƙoƙarin da masu ilimin ƙasa suka yi don bayyana tarihi'. Marubucinsa, J. B. Mitchell, ya sauka da ƙarfi a gefen yanayin ƙasa: 'masanin ilimin ƙasa na tarihi shine masanin ilimin ƙasa da farko na ƙarshe kuma a kowane lokaci'. A shekara ta 1975 lambar farko ta Journal of Historical Geography  ta fadada horo ga masu sauraro da yawa: 'rubuce-rubucen malaman kowane tushe na horo waɗanda ke da wani abu da za su faɗi game da batutuwan sha'awar ƙasa da suka shafi lokacin da ya gabata'. 

A Amurka, kalmar Tarihin ƙasa ita ce sunan da Carl Ortwin Sauer na Jami'ar California, Berkeley ya ba shi ga shirinsa na sake tsara Yanayi al'adu (wasu suna cewa duk yanayin ƙasa) tare da layin yanki, wanda ya fara a farkon shekarun karni na 20. Ga Sauer, za'a iya fahimtar wuri mai faɗi da al'adu a ciki ne kawai idan an yi la'akari da duk tasirinsa ta hanyar tarihi: na zahiri, al'adu, tattalin arziki, siyasa, muhalli. Sauer ya jaddada ƙwarewa yanki a matsayin hanyar samun isasshen ƙwarewa a yankuna na duniya. Falsafar Sauer ita ce babbar mai tsara tunani yanayin ƙasa na Amurka a tsakiyar karni na 20. Masana yankin sun kasance a cikin sassan ilimin ƙasa har zuwa yau. Duk da wannan, wasu masu ilimin ƙasa suna jin cewa ya cutar da horo; cewa an yi ƙoƙari sosai a kan tattara bayanai da rarraba, kuma kaɗan ne a kan bincike da Bayani. Nazarin ya zama mafi mahimmanci a yankin yayin da masu ilimin ƙasa daga baya suka yi ƙoƙari su sami wurare don yin sunaye ga kansu. Wadannan dalilai na iya haifar da Rikicin shekarun 1950 a cikin yanayin ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da tambayoyi masu tsanani game da yanayin ƙasa a matsayin horo na ilimi a Amurka.

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