George Ernest Morrison

George Ernest Morrison (4 ga Fabrairu 1862 - 30 ga Mayu 1920) ɗan jaridar Australiya ne, mai ba da shawara kan siyasa kuma wakilin gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Sin a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I, kuma mai mallakar babban ɗakin karatu na Asiya da aka taɓa haɗuwa.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Morrison a Geelong, Victoria, Australia . Mahaifinsa George Morrison, wanda ya yi hijira daga Edinkillie, Elgin, Scotland, zuwa Ostiraliya a 1858, shi ne shugaban Kwalejin Geelong inda Morrison ya yi karatu. George Sr ya auri Rebecca Greenwood, na Yorkshire, a 1859, kuma Morrison shine yaro na biyu na auren. Uku daga cikin kawuna bakwai na Morrison sun kasance rectors na Cocin Presbyterian, kuma biyu daga cikin sauran hudu sun kasance shugaban (Alexander) da kuma master (Robert) na Kwalejin Scotch, Melbourne, inda George Sr ya kuma koyar da lissafi na watanni shida. : 2-4  Wani kawun, Donald Morrison, ya kasance Rector na Kwalejin Glasgow tsakanin 1861 har zuwa 1899. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinare ta Tarihin Littattafai ta Kwalejin Geelong a 1876  kuma, ɗan wasa ne, Kofin Kwalejin Gielong don gudu a 1878. [1] : 5 

A shekara 16, Morrison ya yi wa mai binciken Henry Morton Stanley gumaka - sosai, a zahiri, ya rubuta littafi game da binciken Australiya don sha'awarsa. : 6 

A lokacin hutu a farkon 1880, kafin karatunsa na sakandare, ya yi tafiya daga shugabannin Queenscliff, Victoria, zuwa Adelaide, yana bin bakin teku, nisan kusan kilomita 650 (960 km) a cikin kwanaki 46. Ya sayar da littafinsa na tafiyar ga Jagora don guineas bakwai. : 9-10 Duk da cewa ya riga ya yanke shawarar zama "Mai ba da labari na Musamman", : 7 da farko ya yi karatun likita a Jami'ar Melbourne. Bayan ya wuce shekara ta farko, dan shekara 18 ya yi hutu a cikin Kogin Murray a cikin jirgin ruwa, Stanley, daga Albury, New South Wales, zuwa bakinsa, nisan kusan kilomita 2,000 (1,243 . Mutumin farko da ya yi haka, : 11 ya kammala nisan a cikin kwanaki 65.  Ya fi jan hankalin kasada fiye da karatu, ya kasa jarrabawarsa shekaru biyu (wanda daga baya ya kira "ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwata").  

 Jirgin bawa a ɓoye rahoto, 1882 
A ranar 1 ga Yuni 1882, ya yi tafiya zuwa New Hebrides, yayin da yake yin shigar burtu a matsayin ma'aikatan jirgin bayi na brigantine, Lavinia, na tsawon watanni uku, wanda ya nemi "daukar Kanakas ", a cikin wani shirin bayar da rahoto na ɓoye wanda Morrison ya ƙirƙira don The Age ; mamallakin mai suna David Syme ya yi alƙawarin £1 a kowane shafi ( equivalent to A$152 a shekarar 2022 ), don haka ya dace a yi imani da cewa Morrison yana yin wannan ne a matsayin wani muhimmin abu na ɗabi'a, ba don ƙarfafa gwiwa ta kuɗi ba. [1] :20–21Shiri nasa mai sassa takwas, "A Cruise in a Queensland Slaver. By a Medical Student", an kuma buga shi a cikin mujallar mako-mako, The Leader . An rubuta shi da wani irin mamaki, kuma yana bayyana "mafi sauƙi suka kawai"; watanni shida bayan haka, Morrison "ya sake duba kimantawarsa ta asali," yana bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da aikin baƙi na Lavinia, kuma ya yi Allah wadai da cinikin bayi a Queensland. Rubuce-rubucensa, wasiƙunsa ga editan, da editocin The Age, [2] sun haifar da muhawara mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da sa hannun gwamnati don kawar da abin da, a cewar Morrison, cinikin bayi ne . [1] :20–21[3]

 Manazarta