Rikicin Frost na dare

Rikicin Sanyi na Dare (Finnish: yöpakkaskriisi) ko kuma Sanyi na Dare (Finnish: yöpakkaset,[1] Yaren mutanen Sweden: nattfrosten) rikicin siyasa ne da ya faru a dangantakar Soviet da Finland a kaka ta 1958. Ya samo asali ne daga rashin gamsuwar Soviet da manufofin cikin gida na Finland, musamman ma da tsarin gwamnati ta uku da za a kafa a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Karl-August Fagerholm. Sakamakon rikicin, Tarayyar Soviet ta janye jakadanta daga Helsinki ta kuma matsa wa gwamnatin Finland lamba ta yi murabus. Nikita Khrushchev ce ta ba wa rikicin suna, wadda ta ayyana cewa dangantaka tsakanin ƙasashen ta zama "sanyi na dare".

Rikicin ya ɓarke a watan Agustan 1958 lokacin da gwamnatin Fagerholm da aka nada kwanan nan ta kasa samun amincewar Tarayyar Soviet. Moscow ba ta iya yarda da cewa Väinö Leskinen da Olavi Lindblom ba, waɗanda ke wakiltar bangaren dama na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta ƙasar, suna cikin gwamnati tare da amincewar Väinö Tanner, shugaban Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic, da kansa ya ɗauki mai cin amana a Tarayyar Soviet saboda ayyukansa a lokacin Yakin Winter. Har ila yau, Tarayyar Soviet ta haɗa sunan Niilo Kosola, wakilin Jam'iyyar hadin gwiwa ta kasa da Ministan Noma, tare da mahaifinsa Vihtori Kosola, wanda ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Lapua Movement  (). Don yin abubuwa mafi muni, an cire kungiyar Finnish People's Democratic League () daga gwamnati duk da nasarar da suka samu a zaben 'yan majalisa.

Johannes Virolainen, wanda ya kasance yana da hannu a cikin kafa gwamnati kuma wanda ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje, ya yi ƙoƙari a lokacin ƙarshe ya yi kira ga Väinö Tanner kada ya yarda da Väinö Leskinen cikin gwamnati, wanda Tanner ya amsa: "Mene kake magana game da shi, saurayi? Muna kafa Gwamnatin Finland a nan, ba Soviet ba. "  Shugaba Urho Kekkonen ya riga ya gargadi Virolainen game da zuwa gwamnati tare da Leskinen. Bayan ya ayyana gwamnati a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, Kekkonen ya ce sanannen maganarsa: "Wannan ita ce mafi munin jawabin da na taɓa bayarwa, amma aƙalla ni ba ni rubuta shi ba".

Baya ga wanda ya gabata, an gudanar da bikin cika shekaru 40 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Finland a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Koyaya, ba a ba da biza ga memba na asali na tawagar Tarayyar Soviet Otto Ville Kuusinen, shugaban Gwamnatin Terijoki na lokacin Yaƙin hunturu, wanda Finns suka yi masa alama a matsayin mai cin amana. Dalilin wannan an tura shi cikin wuyan Ministan Harkokin Waje na Gwamnatin Fagerholm III, Johannes Virolainen, kodayake wanda ya riga shi, Gwamnatin Kuuskoski tare da Shugaba Urho Kekkonen ne ya yanke shawarar. Nikita Khrushchev ya kuma fahimci kin amincewar Kuusinen da visa dinsa, amma jaridar hukuma ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet, Pravda, duk da haka ta yi amfani da lamarin a matsayin makami a kan gwamnatin Fagerholm.

 Ci gaba 
Matsi na Soviet a kan Finland da farko ya kasance tattalin arziki ne: an dakatar da tattaunawar kan amfani da Saimaa Canal, an jinkirta yarjejeniyar kan haƙƙin kamun kifi a Tekun Finland, kuma an gudanar da tattaunawar kasuwanci.

A lokacin kaka, Moscow ta fara matsa lamba a matakin siyasa. A watan Oktoba, jakadan Soviet a Finland, Viktor Lebedev, ya tafi " hutu", ya kasa ziyartar ministan harkokin waje, Johannes Virolainen, kamar yadda ake buƙata, kuma daga baya an sanar da cewa an canja shi zuwa wasu ayyuka ba tare da wani shiri na nada magaji ba. A watan Nuwamba, Ƙungiyar Agrarian (Maalaisliitto) ta tilasta ministocin ta su yi murabus daga gwamnati kuma Shugaba Urho Kekkonen ya fara yin amfani da shi don saukar da gwamnati. A ƙarshe, a ranar 4 ga Disamba, Virolainen ya sanar da cewa yana murabus kuma jim kadan bayan Fagerholm ya sanar da murabus din dukkan gwamnati.[1] A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1959, Kekkonen ya tafi rediyo da talabijin na jihar don sanar da kafa gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru ta Agrarian karkashin jagorancin V. J. Sukselainen .[2]

Rikicin ya ja hankalin duniya. A wani taron da shugaban kungiyar da ke wakiltar masana'antun Finland, Johan Nykopp, Sanata na Democrat na Amurka Hubert Humphrey ya sadu da Shugaba Kekkonen a watan Nuwamba 1958 yayin da Amurka ke kan hanyarsa zuwa Moscow kuma ya ba Finland tallafin tattalin arziki don sauƙaƙe matsin Soviet. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Finland ta sami kanta a cikin mawuyacin hali kuma a ƙarshe ta ƙi tayin taimako, tana tsoron cewa zai yi lahani fiye da nagarta, ba aƙalla ga sunan duniya na Finland ba.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba