Herbert Basedow

Herbert Basedow (27 ga Oktoba 1881 - 4 ga Yuni 1933) masanin ilimin ɗan adam ne na Australiya, masanin ilimin ƙasa, ɗan siyasa, mai bincike kuma Likitan likita. 

Basedow was born in Kent Town, South Australia, a son of Martin Peter Friedrich Basedow (1829–1902). His early education was in Adelaide, South Australia and Hanover, Germany. After finishing his schooling, Basedow studied science at the University of Adelaide where he majored in geology. Basedow later completed postgraduate studies at several European universities and undertook some medical work in Europe.

A lokacin rayuwarsa ta aiki, Basedow ya shiga cikin manyan tafiye-tafiye na ilimin ƙasa, bincike da taimakon likita zuwa tsakiya da arewacin Australia. A kan waɗannan tafiye-tafiye, ya ɗauki hotuna kuma ya tattara samfurori na tarihin ƙasa da na halitta da kayan tarihi na Aboriginal.

Basedow na ɗaya daga cikin mutane kalilan na lokacinsa da ke cikin rikodin rayuwar gargajiya ta Aboriginal Australians. Ya kuma yi kokari ga gwamnati don ingantaccen kula da mutanen Aboriginal kuma ya yi kamfen don inganta lafiyar Aboriginal.

An zabe shi a Zaben 1927 a matsayin mai zaman kansa ga kujerar mambobi uku na Barossa, Basedow ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia na tsawon shekaru uku. An kayar da shi a Zaben 1930 amma an sake zabarsa a Zaben 1933, jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa a watan Yunin wannan shekarar.

A lokacin aikinsa, Basedow ya buga ko'ina a kan ilimin ɗan adam, ilimin ƙasa da tarihin halitta. Ya kuma wallafa cikakkun bayanai game da wasu tafiye-tafiyensa da manyan ayyukan ilimin ɗan adam guda biyu game da 'yan asalin Australiya.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
An haifi Herbert Basedow a Kent Town, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ƙaramin ɗan Martin Peter Friedrich Basedow da matarsa ta biyu Anna Clara Helena, née Muecke (ko Mücke). An haifi Martin da Anna a Jamus kuma sun hadu bayan sun yi ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya.

Ilimi na farko na Basedow ya kasance a Adelaide. Iyalin Basedow sun ziyarci Jamus tsakanin 1891 da 1894, kuma a wani ɓangare na wannan lokacin Herbert Basedow ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Hanover. Ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, Adelaide . Tsakanin 1891 da 1902, Basedow ya kammala digiri na farko na Kimiyya a Makarantar Ma'adinai, Adelaide, da Jami'ar Adelaide. Ya yi karatu a fannin ilimin ƙasa, amma kuma ya yi karatun botany da zoology.

An zabi Basedow a matsayin memba na Royal Society of South Australia a 1901 kuma ɗan'uwa a 1904.  Ya kuma kasance memba, memba mai daraja kuma ɗan'uwan wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa a Ostiraliya, Burtaniya da Jamus.

Bayan kammala karatunsa na jami'a a 1902, Basedow ya gudanar da wasu gajeren mukamai na gwamnati ciki har da daya daga cikin masu neman bincike hudu a cikin Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia ta Arewa maso Yammacin Bincike na 1903. A cikin 1905, ya shiga masanin ilimin ƙasa na Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia Henry Yorke Lyell Brown da mai binciken hakar ma'adinai Lionel Gee a kan wani balaguron ilimin ƙasa zuwa Yankin Arewa. A lokacin da ya dawo Adelaide, an nada Basedow a matsayin mai kula da tarin ilimin ƙasa da ma'adanai na Makarantar Ma'adinai ta Kudancin Australia inda ya rarraba samfurori 2500 a cikin tarin ilimin ƙasa na Makarantar. An buga kundin littafinsa a cikin shekara ta 1907. 

Basedow mai daukar hoto ne, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aiki ya yi amfani da daukar hoto don yin rikodin aikinsa na kimiyya da tafiye-tafiyensa a yankuna masu nisa na Ostiraliya. Hotuna 200 da aka dauka a kan binciken binciken Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia na 1903 sune hotunan farko da Basedow ya sani. Ya haɗa da fiye da 500 daga cikin hotunansa a cikin labaran da littattafan da ya buga kuma ya yi amfani da su don kwatanta laccocin jama'a.[1]

A cikin 1907, Basedow ya karɓi gayyatar daga masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Jamus Hermann Klaatsch don yin karatu a Jamus. A Turai, ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a jami'o'i da yawa, ciki har da Heidelberg, Göttingen, Breslau da Zürich, kuma ya gudanar da wasu ayyukan likita. Basedow ya koma Ostiraliya tare da PhD a fannin ilimin ƙasa da kuma digiri biyu a fannin kiwon lafiya. An ba shi digiri na likita bisa ga aikinsa a kan ma'aunin craniometric na Aboriginal Australians, haɗe da aikin likita na yau da kullun a Turai, daga baya ya ba da izinin yin rajistar Basedow a matsayin likitan likita a Ostiraliya.

Lokacin da ya dawo daga Turai a 1910, Basedow ya shiga sashen ilimin ƙasa na Kudancin Australia a matsayin Mataimakin Masanin ilimin ƙasa na Gwamnati. Ya yi murabus daga wannan mukamin a shekarar 1911 don ɗaukar sabon matsayin gwamnatin tarayya ta Australiya na Babban Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya da Babban Mai Kare Aborigines a Yankin Arewa. Ya isa Darwin a ranar 17 ga Yulin 1911 kuma ya bar kwanaki 45 bayan haka ba tare da farin ciki da yanayin aikinsa ba kuma yana da'awar cewa dokar da yake aiki a ƙarƙashin ba za a iya aiki ba. Basedow ya koma Adelaide kuma ya kafa aikin likita, ya haɗa wannan tare da tuntuɓar binciken ilimin ƙasa ga mutane da kungiyoyi. Ya ci gaba da bugawa a cikin mujallu masu ilimi, galibi a kan ilimin ɗan adam amma kuma a kan ilimin ƙasa. An yaba masa da taimakon 'yan uwansa Ben da Alf wajen gudanar da gidan giya da distillery na Horndale.

 Tafiye-tafiye 

 Kyauta 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba