Griselio Torresola

Griselio Torresola Roura (Yuli 19, 1925 - Nuwamba 1, 1950) ya kasance mai fafutuka na Puerto Rican na Jam'iyyar Nationalist . Shi da Oscar Collazo sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe Shugaban Amurka Harry Truman a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1950. Torresola ya ji wa dan sanda na White House mai suna Leslie Coffelt rauni kuma ya ji wa wasu jami'an tsaro biyu rauni. An kashe Torresola ta hanyar harbi daga Coffelt.

An haifi Torresola a Jayuya, Puerto Rico . Iyalinsa sun yi imani da dalilin samun 'yancin kai na Puerto Rican. Sun shiga cikin tawaye da yawa na tsibirin da suka gabata. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 23 Torresola ya koma Birnin New York a watan Agustan 1948 don samun aiki. Ya yi aiki da kantin sayar da kayan aiki da turare na New York. Ya sha wahala ta hanyar rabuwa da matarsa ta farko, ya rasa aikinsa. Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Nationalist Party ta Puerto Rican, Torresola ya shiga reshen New York City na jam'iyyar, inda ya sadu da ɗan'uwansa na Nationalist Oscar Collazo .

He lived with his new love Carmen Dolores Otero, who was pregnant with their second child, and their young daughter Rebecca, on a welfare check of $125 a month.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Rikicin Jayuya 
'Yan kasa sun yi fushi da abin da suka dauka a matsayin babban rashin adalci a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, gami da Kisan kiyashi na Ponce (1937), kisan gillar wasu mambobi, da kuma ɗaure Pedro Albizu Campos, shugaban jam'iyyar Nationalist, saboda goyon bayansa na tsayayya. Sun ji canje-canje masu zuwa na matsayin Puerto Rico daga yankin da ba shi da ikon cin gashin kansa zuwa yankin da ke da ikon cin kai ya kasance ci gaba da mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Sun kalli Puerto Rico a matsayin mulkin mallaka da ke neman 'yancin kai daga Amurka.

A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1950, ɗan'uwan Torresola da 'yar'uwarsu sun shiga cikin Jayuya Uprising, wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin masu tayar da kayar baya a duk faɗin Puerto Rico ta 'yan kasa. Sun kai hari hedkwatar 'yan sanda da sauran wurare."Puerto Rico" By Kurt Pitzer, Tara Stevens, page 224, Hunter Publishing, Inc, 2001, ,  Gwamnatin tsibirin ta ayyana dokar soja kuma ta kai hari garin tare da jiragen yaki na P-47 Thunderbolt na Amurka, bindigogi na ƙasa, wuta, grenades, da kuma tsaron kasa na Puerto Rican. Jiragen saman sun yi amfani da bindiga kusan kowane rufin da ke cikin garin. 'Yan kasa sun rike garin na kwana biyu; bayan da aka shawo kansu, gwamnati ta kama mutane da yawa. A Birnin New York, Torresola ya yi fushi da halin da ake ciki. Daga baya ya fahimci cewa an lalata wani bangare mai yawa na garinsu, amma ba a bayar da rahoton yawan martani na soja a waje da Puerto Rico ba. Kafofin yada labarai na Amurka sun ba da rahoton Shugaba Truman yana cewa "wani abu ne tsakanin 'yan Puerto Rico". Torresola ya san cewa an ji wa'uwarsa rauni kuma an kama ɗan'uwansa a cikin tashin hankali.

 Yunkurin kisan kai 
Tare Torresola da Collazo sun yanke shawarar cewa suna buƙatar yin aiki da sauri don kawo dalilin 'yancin kai ga duniya. Bayan sun koyi cewa Shugaba Truman yana zaune a Blair House yayin da ake sabunta Fadar White House, sun yi tunanin cewa tsaro zai zama ƙasa. Sun yanke shawarar kashe shi don samun tallace-tallace game da manufar su. 

Mutanen biyu sun hau jirgin daga New York kudu zuwa Washington, DC. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1950, sun kusanci gidan Blair. Torresola ya hau Pennsylvania Avenue daga gefen yamma yayin da abokin aikinsa, Oscar Collazo, ya shiga jami'an sirri na musamman da 'Yan sanda na Fadar White House daga gabas. Torresola ya kusanci ɗakin tsaro a kusurwar yammacin gidan Blair, kuma ya lura da wani jami'in, yana zaune a ciki. Torresola da sauri ya Haske harbe hudu daga 9 mm German Luger, bindiga mai sarrafa kansa a kusa da jami'in, wanda shine Leslie Coffelt, kafin ya iya amsawa. Uku daga cikin harbe-harbe sun buge Coffelt a kirji da ciki, kuma na huɗu ya shiga cikin rigar 'yan sanda. Coffelt ya fadi a cikin kujerarsa, ya ji rauni sosai. 

Torresola ya ga cewa wani dan sanda na White House mai suna Joseph Downs ya juya baya zuwa gare shi. Torresola ya harbe shi a cinya kafin ya iya zana makaminsa, kuma sau biyu. Da yake ya ji rauni, Downs ya tsere ta ƙofar ginshiki kuma ya kulle shi don hana Torresola shiga. Daga nan Torresola ya mayar da hankalinsa ga fada tsakanin Collazo da jami'an tsaro da yawa. Torresola ya harbe dan sanda na gundumar Columbia Donald Birdzell a gwiwoyin hagu daga nisan kusan ƙafa 40, ya raunana shi kuma ya hana shi harbi Collazo.

Tsayawa a gefen hagu na matakai na Blair House yayin da yake sake caji, Torresola yana da ƙafa 30 kawai daga Shugaba Truman, wanda harbin bindiga ya tashe shi kuma ya dubi waje. Jami'ai sun yi masa ihu ya fita daga taga. Jami'in Coffelt mai mutuwa ya yi gwagwarmaya a waje da ɗakin tsaro kuma ya harbe Torresola a kai. Harsashin Coffelt ya shiga cikin kan Torresola kuma ya busa wani ɓangare na kwakwalwarsa, ya kashe shi nan take.

Coffelt ya mutu daga raunukan harsashi uku bayan sa'o'i da yawa. Gabaɗaya harbin bindiga ya ɗauki ƙasa da sakan 40. Torresola ya bar matarsa da yara biyu. An binne shi a Kabari na Jayuya a Jayuya, Puerto Rico . 

 Sakamakon haka 
Oscar Collazo ya tsira daga raunukansa duk da cewa jami'an sun harbe shi sau da yawa, an yanke masa hukunci a shari'ar kisan kai, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa. Shugaba Truman ya sauya hukuncinsa zuwa rai da rai. Bayan ya yi shekaru 27 a gidan yarin tarayya na Leavenworth a Kansas, Collazo ya sauya hukuncinsa zuwa lokacin da Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya yi. An saki Collazo a shekara ta 1979 kuma nan da nan ya koma Puerto Rico inda ya ci gaba da tallafawa ƙungiyar 'yancin kai. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1994 yana da shekaru 80. An nakalto Collazo yana cewa, "Ba zai zama adalci ga Griselio ba idan kawai muka tuna da shi saboda iyawarsa da makamai. Dole ne mu tuna da jaruntaka da ƙwararren 'yan tawaye na tsaunukan Jayuya a matsayin mai kishin ƙasa wanda bai taɓa yin shakku ba lokacin da ƙasarsa ta kira shi don kammala aikinsa".[1]

 Dubi kuma 

 Rikicin Jam'iyyar Nationalist ta Puerto Rican na shekarun 1950
 Jerin 'yan Puerto Rico

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1950
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba