Norman Tindale

Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 ga Oktoba 1900 - 19 ga Nuwamba 1993) masanin ilimin ɗan adam ne na Australiya, masanin ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, masanin ƙwayoyin cuta da Masanin ilimin kabilanci. An fi tunawa da shi saboda aikinsa na tsara taswirar kabilun Aboriginal Australians a lokacin zaman Turai, wanda aka nuna a taswirar da aka buga a 1940. Wannan taswirar ta ba da tushen taswirar da David Horton ya buga a cikin 1996 kuma an yi amfani da ita sosai a cikin hanyar yanar gizo a yau. Babban aikin Tindale shine Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Su terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits and Proper Names (1974). 

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Tindale a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1900  a Perth, Yammacin Australia . Iyalinsa sun koma Tokyo kuma sun zauna a can daga 1907 zuwa 1915, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafi a aikin Salvation Army a Japan. Norman ya halarci Makarantar Amurka a Japan, inda abokinsa mafi kusa shine Gordon Bowles, Quaker  wanda, kamar shi, daga baya ya zama masanin ilimin ɗan adam.

Iyalin sun koma Perth a watan Agustan 1917, kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka koma Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, inda Tindale ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin ɗan ɗakin karatu a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Adelaide, tare da wani ɗan ƙasa, masanin kimiyyar lissafi na gaba, Mark Oliphant .  A cikin 1919, ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta a Gidan Tarihin Kudancin Australia .  Tun daga farkon shekarunsa, ya sami al'adar yin rubutu a kan duk abin da ya lura, da kuma yin amfani da su kafin ya yi barci, aikin da ya ci gaba a duk rayuwarsa, kuma wanda ya kasance a tushen babban tarihin bayanan da ya bar wa zuriya: an lura da shi yana rubutu ta hanyar fitilu har zuwa dare bayan wasu sun tafi gado, yayin tafiya zuwa Pinacate.

 Farkon tafiye-tafiye na kabilanci, 1921-1939 
Tafiyar farko ta Tindale ta faru ne a cikin 1921-1922. Babban burinsa shi ne tattara samfurori na ƙwayoyin cuta don Gidan Tarihin Kudancin Australiya, bangaren ethnographic kusan kusan wani bangare ne na haɗari wanda ya ci gaba, yayin da aka motsa sha'awarsa, cikin lura da mutanen da ya haɗu da su daga Cobourg Peninsula zuwa Gulf of Carpentaria.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900