Rosli Dhobi

Rosli Dhobi (18 Maris 1932-2 Maris 1950) kuma Rosli Dhoby, ta kasance 'yar kasar Sarawakian daga Sibu na zuriyar Malay-Melanau a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a wannan jihar.

Ya kasance memba na jagorancin Rukun 13, ƙungiyar da ke aiki a cikin ƙungiyar adawa da Sarawak, tare da Morshidi Sidek, Awang Rambli Deli da Bujang Suntong . Kungiyar asiri ce, wacce ta kunshi 'yan kasa, wacce ta kashe jami'an gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya a Sarawak. An san shi sosai da kisan Duncan George Stewart, gwamnan Sarawak na biyu na mulkin mallaka, a shekarar 1949.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Rosli Dhobi a ranar 18 ga Maris 1932 a Gidan No. 94, Kampung Pulo a Sibu, a matsayin yaro na biyu da ɗan fari a cikin iyalin mai wanki. Mahaifinsa, Dhobi bin Buang dan kabilar Sibu Malay ne wanda ke da asalin kakanninmu a Kalimantan, Indonesia kuma ya kasance zuriyar manyan mutanen Raden. Mahaifiyarsa, Habibah binti Haji Lamit, ta fito ne daga dangin Sambas Malay wanda ya zauna na dogon lokaci a Mukah wanda ya haɗu da mutanen Melanau na yankin. Rosli tana da 'yar'uwa, Fatimah (1927-2019) da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, Ainnie (an haife shi a 1934).  Ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ta farko ba, kodayake abokansa sun dauki Rosli a matsayin mutum mai kusanci duk da shiru. Rosli yana da magana mai laushi, an lura da girmama dattawansa, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin mai tawali'u. Rosli kuma tana da budurwa mai suna Ani.

Rosli ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Sarawak (PWD). 

A shekara ta 1949, Rosli ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati lokacin da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ba da Circular No 9. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Rosli ya halarci azuzuwan safiya a makarantar Methodist a matsayin ɗalibi 6. Rosli ya zama malami a makarantar addini ta Sekolah Rakyat Sibu, yana ba da darussan da yamma.

 Ayyukan siyasa 
Rosli became a member and was appointed vice secretary of Sibu Malay Youth Movement (Malay:Pengerakan Pemuda Melayu, PPM) under the leadership of Sirat Haji Yaman.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span>]

A tsakiyar shekara ta 1948, Rosli ya koka wa Abang Ahmad Abang Haji Abu Bakar cewa manyan shugabannin PPM ba su gayyaci Rosli zuwa makircin su na cire jagorancin mulkin mallaka na Sarawak ba. Abang Ahmad ya yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana wa Rosli cewa sirrin shirin ya hana shi ɓoye bayanai ga jam'iyyun da ba a yi niyya ba, wanda Rosli ya amsa cewa zai "yi Sarawak" ta hanyar "ba da kyakkyawar bugawa ga masarautar mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya".  Rosli daga baya ya shiga manyan shugabannin PPM wajen kafa sabuwar kungiyar da aka sani da Rukun 13 tare da Awang Rambli a matsayin jagora a wannan shekarar. A wani taro da aka gudanar a Telephone Road a Sibu, Awang Rambli ya bayyana cewa zanga-zangar da suka gabata ba ta haifar da wata 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata. Saboda haka, dole ne a dauki mataki mai tsanani: dole ne a kashe sabon gwamnan Burtaniya. An zaɓi Rosli don yin wannan aikin saboda PPM ta yi imanin cewa Burtaniya ba za ta yi tsammanin yunkurin kisan kai daga wani saurayi ba. Awang Rambli ya kuma yi alkawarin taimaka wa Rosli idan aka jefa shi cikin kurkuku daga baya. Bayan haka, Wan Zen Wan Abdullah da Awang Rambli sun karanta wani sashi daga al-Qur'an (Yassin). Duk mutanen da suka halarci taron sun rantse cewa ba za su ɓoye minti na taron ga baƙi ba, ta hanyar shan gilashin ruwa da kuma alkawarin cewa, idan an karya sirri, za a hukunta su sosai.

Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin ''Rukun 13's'' shine kafa ƙungiyar Sarawak tare da sabuwar Indonesia mai zaman kanta. Sukarno, shugaban farko na Indonesia, ya sami girmamawa sosai daga Sarawak Malays. An gano hotunan Sukarno suna yin ado da gidajen Malay na zamani a Sarawak. Tahar Johnny, dan uwan Rosli, ya musanta cewa Rosli yana goyon bayan Indonesia duk da cewa wannan yana son duk wani abu na Indonesiya, kuma sauran mambobin Rukun 13 na iya kasancewa masu goyon bayan Indonesia.

Ta hanyar amfani da sunan Lidros, Rosli ya rubuta waka mai taken "Panggilan Mu yang Suchi" (Kiran Allahnku). An buga waka a cikin jaridar Malay mai suna Utusan Sarawak a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1949. Amfani da laƙabi ya kasance a cikin lokacin tun lokacin da Hukumar mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta sa ido kan duk wani yunkuri da zai iya lalata kwanciyar hankali na gwamnati.

 Kashe Duncan George Stewart 
A ranar 2 ga Disamba 1949, Yusuf Haji Merais da Abang Kess Abang Ahmad sun sadu da Mostaffa Takip da Rosli Dhobi yayin da suka tafi Rex Cinema don saduwa da wani mai daraja mai suna Wan San . Rosli ya kawo su gidan Ibu Habsah inda wasu abokai kamar Morshidi Sidek, Rabee Adis, Wan Ahmad ke jira a gidan. A cikin wannan taron na al'ada, suna magana game da gwagwarmayarsu da kishin kasa. Lokacin da yake magana game da sabon gwamnan Duncan George Stewart ziyarar aiki ta farko zuwa Sibu gobe, Rosli ya tashi tsaye ya ce yana so ya kashe gwamnan. Koyaya, duk mutanen da ke cikin wannan taron ba su yi imani da shi ba saboda an ji irin wannan sanarwa akai-akai daga wasu matasa yayin magana ta yau da kullun. Bayan taron, tsakanin karfe 9 zuwa 11 na yamma, Rosli, Yusuf da sauran abokai sun tafi gidan Encik Aninie Sepet don kallon mutane suna bugawa. Kafin karfe 12 na safe, sun tafi gidan Yusuf Haji Merais a Kampung Pulo (bayan makarantar Chung Hua). Rosli ya nemi ya sa tufafin biki na Yusuf. Bayan haka, Rosli ya koma gidansa.[1]

A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1949,  Rosli ta farka da Yusuf da karfe 4 na safe lokacin da ya buga ƙofar sa. Yusuf ya ba da katin shaidarsa don a mayar da shi ga Birtaniya kuma ya ba da shawara ta ƙarshe ga Rosli. Da karfe 6 na safe, Rosli ta tafi gidan Morshidi don tattauna batun kisan da aka shirya. Rosli ta sayi kyamara da wuka. Da karfe 8 na safe, Rosli ta sadu da Yusuf a ofishin Pacific Traders a Pulo Road. Rosli ya nemi gafara daga Yusuf kuma yana fatan cewa gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin Sarawak ta ci gaba. Rosli daga nan ya tafi makarantar firamare ta Methodist, yana tsaye a layi don maraba da isowar sabon Gwamnan Burtaniya Duncan George Steward. Rosli ya tsaya kusa da Morshidi kuma ya ba shi kyamarar. Bayan ya bincika tsaron girmamawa, gwamnan ya tafi saduwa da ƙungiyar yara a makaranta. Lokacin da gwamnan ya bayyana, Morshidi ya yi kamar ya ɗauki hoton gwamnan don gwamnan ya daina tafiya kuma ya ba Morshidi damar ɗaukar hoto. Rosli ya fita daga layin, ya fitar da wuka, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya soke gwamnan. Harbinsa na farko ya rasa gwamnan. Lokacin da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu suka lura da Rosli kuma suka gudu zuwa gare shi, sai ya jefa wuka ga gwamnan. Daga nan Morshidi ya fitar da wuyansa ya yi ƙoƙari ya kai hari ga gwamnan. Koyaya, mazaunin yanki na uku mai suna Barcroft da sakataren sirri na gwamnan mai suna Dilks sun rushe harin Morsidi. Nan da nan 'yan sanda suka kama Rosli. Koyaya, Rosli bai ji wata nadama game da ayyukansa ba.

Duk da shan wahala daga mummunan rauni, an ruwaito Stewart ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gaba har sai jini ya fara shiga cikin fararen tufafinsa. Nan da nan aka kai Duncan Stewart asibitin Sibu sannan asibitin Kuching a wannan rana.  Dokta Wallace ya shirya aikin gaggawa a kan gwamnan washegari (4 Disamba 1949) a Singapore. Duncan Stewart ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1949, mako guda bayan lamarin.

 Shari'a da ɗaurin kurkuku 
A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, an tsare mambobin Rukun 13 kuma an bincika gidajensu.

Da farko an yi wa Rosli shari'a saboda yunkurin kisan kai. Bayan mutuwar gwamnan, an canza tuhumar zuwa kisan kai. An yi sauraron karar ne a Kotun da'ira ta Biyu, Sibu .  Rosli bai so lauyan wanda ake tuhuma a madadinsa ba, yayin da yake fuskantar shari'a da kansa. Rosli ya tambayi shaidar a kan batutuwa masu zuwa: Da farko, lokacin da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Sikh ya dawo da wuka, ya bar yatsansa a kan wuka. Babu wani shaida da ya ce Rosli ya soke gwamnan. Na biyu, Rosli ya yi jayayya cewa gwamnan bai mutu nan da nan bayan lamarin ba amma bayan aikin Dr Wallace. Wannan ya nuna cewa Dokta Wallace shine mai kisan kai maimakon Rosli Dhobi .  Rosli ya samu nasarar kare kansa a kan waɗannan batutuwa.

 Shari'a da kisa 
Bayan 'yan watanni da suka yi fama a kurkukun Kuching, an sami Rosli Dhobi (ko Dhoby), Awang Ramli Amit Mohd Deli, Morshidi Sidek, da Bujang Suntong da laifin kisan kai kuma an yanke musu hukuncin kisa ta hanyar ratayewa. A lokacin, an yi jayayya game da shekarun Rosli, tare da labarai da yawa da ke nuna cewa yana da shekaru 19 maimakon 17. Wadannan sune hukuncin kisa na farko a Sarawak.

Kafin rataye Rosli, Abang Haji Zaidell (mahaifin Datuk Safri Awang Zaidell) ya ba da allurar anesthetic ga Rosli. Rosli ya ruwaito ya gaya wa Awang Mois cewa (a cikin harshen Sarawak Malay) "Keadaan kita tok, ada fang ada mati. Keakhirannya ngine pun, kita mati pun. Enta saya, shen kitak... betermulah!" (Yanayinmu yana da rai da mutuwa. Ko ta yaya sakamakon yake, muna mutuwa duk da haka. Ni ko mu, ... kawai muna fuskantar shi!) Rosli kalmomin ƙarshe ga jami'an kurkuku sun kasance "Apabila sayarem digantung, tare da ni, hawa, jira har sai an gama karanta <i id="mwuw">Kalima</i>). Westin, wani ɗan Ingila da aka aika daga gidan yarin Changi a Singapore ne ya ba da burinsa.

Daga baya aka rataye Rosli tare da Morshidi  a safiyar 2 ga Maris 1950 a kurkukun Kuching . Tsoron fushi na jama'ar yankin, gwamnatin Burtaniya ba ta yarda gawarwakin masu kisan gilla guda huɗu su bar kurkukun Kuching ba amma an binne su a kaburbura marasa alama a cikin gidan kurkukun. Bayan Sarawak ya shiga Malaysia a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1963, an sanya dutse a kabarinsa kusa da Gidan Tarihin Musulunci.

 Yunkurin adawa da Sarawak
 Rentap, wani jarumi na Iban wanda ya yi yaƙi da Brooke
 James W.W. Birch, mazaunin Perak na farko wanda Dato Maharaja Lelalela ya kashe

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1950
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba