Anne Lister

Anne Lister (3 ga Afrilu 1791 - 22 ga Satumba 1840) marubuciya ce ta Turanci, sananniya ce ga wahayi wanda aka kira ta "mace ta zamani ta farko".

Lister ya fito ne daga wani karamin iyali mai mallakar ƙasa a Shibden a Calderdale, West Riding na Yorkshire . Tana da al'amuran soyayya da yawa daga lokacin da take makaranta, sau da yawa a kan doguwar tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje; tsokoki da kuma bayyanar androgynous, koyaushe tana sanye da baƙar fata kuma tana da ilimi sosai, daga baya an san ta - gabaɗaya ba tare da tausayi ba - a matsayin "Gentleman Jack". Dangantakarta ta ƙarshe ta kasance tare da Ann Walker, wanda aka yi mata aure a cikin Ikilisiyar Triniti Mai Tsarki, Goodramgate, York, wanda yanzu ake yin bikin a matsayin wurin haihuwar auren lesbian a Burtaniya.

Rubuce-rubucen Lister sun nuna abubuwa da yawa game da rayuwar zamani a Yammacin Yorkshire, gami da ci gabanta na tarihi na Shibden Hall da kuma sha'awarta a fannin kiwon lafiya, lissafi, shimfidar wuri, hakar ma'adinai, layin dogo da canals. An rubuta shigarwa da yawa a cikin lambar da ba a bayyana ba har sai bayan mutuwarta. Da yake dauke da hotuna masu ban sha'awa game da dangantakar 'yan mata, waɗannan littattafan sun kasance masu gaskiya sosai har sai an tabbatar da sahihancinsu.

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
Anne Lister ita ce ta biyu kuma 'yar fari ta Kyaftin Jeremy Lister (1753-1836) wanda, a matsayin saurayi a 1775, ya yi aiki tare da Birtaniya 10th Regiment of Foot a cikin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Lexington da Concord a cikin Yakin Independence na Amurka .  A watan Agustan shekara ta 1788, ya auri Rebecca Battle (1770-1817) na Welton a Gabashin Riding na Yorkshire . An haifi ɗansu na farko, John, a shekara ta 1789 amma ya mutu a wannan shekarar. An haifi Anne Lister a Halifax a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1791. Iyalin sun koma a shekara ta 1793 zuwa wani yanki mai suna Skelfler House a Kasuwar Weighton, wanda shine inda Anne ta yi shekaru na farko. An haifi ɗa na biyu, Samuel, wanda ke kusa da Anne, a shekara ta 1793. Listers suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu da' ya'ya mata uku, amma Anne da ƙanwarta Marian (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1798) ne kawai suka tsira shekaru 20 da suka gabata.  

 Dangantaka da Eliza Raine 
A shekara ta 1805, an tura Anne Lister zuwa Makarantar Manor House da ke York (a cikin gine-ginen King's Manor ), inda Anne ta haɗu da masoyiyarta ta farko, Eliza Raine (1791–1860).  Raine 'yar shege ce, rabin 'yar Indiya ce ga wani likitan tiyata na East India Company da ke Madras, an kawo ta Yorkshire bayan mutuwarsa kuma an shirya ta gaji kuɗi mai yawa.  Lister da Raine suna zaune a ɗakin kwana a makarantar kwana. Daga baya Raine ta zama majiyyaci a Clifton House Asylum, wanda mahaifin Belcombe, William, ke gudanarwa a shekara ta 1814.  [ <span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2024)">shafi<span typeof="mw:Entity">&nbsp;</span>An buƙaci</span> ] Daga baya aka mayar da Eliza Raine zuwa Terrace House da ke Osbaldwick kuma ta mutu a can a ranar 31 ga Janairu 1860. An binne ta a cikin cocin Osbaldwick da ke gefen hanya. 

Lister ta gaji dukiyar Shibden a kan mutuwar kawunta a 1826, amma ta mallaki wani ɓangare na kudaden shiga har zuwa mutuwar mahaifinta da kawunta a 1836, lokacin da rabon su na kudaden shigar ya wuce ta. Baya ga samun kudin shiga daga aikin gona, fayil ɗin kuɗi na Lister ya haɗa da kadarori a cikin gari, hannun jari a cikin tashar ruwa da masana'antun jirgin ƙasa, hakar ma'adinai, da dutse. Arzikinta ya ba ta damar samun 'yanci ta rayu kamar yadda take so, kuma ta yi amfani da kudaden shiga daga fayil dinta daban-daban don tallafawa sha'awarta guda biyu: gyaran Shibden Hall, da tafiye-tafiye na Turai.

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