Jo Phoenix

Joanna Phoenix (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964) marubuciya ce ta ilimi kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin laifuka a Burtaniya.    Phoenix ta rubuta game da manufofi da dokoki da suka shafi ayyukan jima'i daban-daban da kuma yanayin zamantakewa da ke haifar da su.

An san ta da ra'ayoyinta na sukar jinsi, musamman wajen tabbatar da haƙƙin fursunoni mata na kada a ɗaure su tare da mazan da aka haifa a cikin halittarsu.  (cited in ) An yi mata suka da cin zarafi sosai saboda bayyana waɗannan ra'ayoyin a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na ilimi, kuma sakamakon haka, dole ne ta ɗauki (kuma ta yi nasara) matakan shari'a a kan tsoffin ma'aikata biyu. Jami'ar Essex da Jami'ar Buɗewasaboda gazawarsu na ɗaukar mataki a kan waɗanda ke da alhakin. Shari'ar ta ƙarshe ta fi tsanani, tunda ta shafi manyan abokan aikinta na ilimi maimakon ɗalibai kuma ta haifar da Kotun Masana'antu ta gano cewa an kore ta daga aiki yadda ya kamata . 

 Sana'a 
Phoenix ta riƙe muƙamai na ilimi a matsayin malamar ilimin laifuka a Jami'ar Middlesex daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Jami'ar Bath har zuwa 2000 da kuma mukamai daban-daban a Jami'ar Durham har zuwa 2013 (mai karatu a fannin ilimin laifuka, ta zama farfesa a 2010, mataimakiyar shugaban sashen kimiyyar zamantakewa da lafiya, Dean na Queens Campus) kuma Shugabar sashen shari'a a Jami'ar Leicester .  Ta kasance Farfesa a fannin ilimin laifuka a Jami'ar Buɗe, kafin ta koma Jami'ar Reading . Phoenix amintacce ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Laifuka da Adalci . 

Bangarorin bincikenta sun haɗa da jima'i, jinsi, jima'i, manufofin karuwanci da kuma gogewar mata a gidan yari . Ta rubuta littattafai biyu, Making Sense of Prostitution (1999) da Illegal and Illicit: Sex, Regulation and Social Control (tare da Sarah Oerton ).

Julia O'Connell Davidson, wacce take rubutu a cikin Jaridar The American Journal of Sociology, ta bayyana Making Sense of Prostitution a matsayin "nazarin zurfafawa da kuma zurfin tunani wanda ke ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga tarin shaidun gwaji kan karuwanci".  Merl Storr, wacce take rubutu a cikin Feminist Review, ta sami wasu suka game da littafin amma ta kammala da cewa "ƙin amincewa da shi na daidaita sabanin karuwanci zai sa littafin ya zama mai mahimmanci ga malamai da masu bincike a fagen".  Maggie O'Neill, wacce take rubutu a cikin Work, Employment &amp; Society, ta bayyana littafin a matsayin "bayani mai ban sha'awa game da binciken marubucin game da rayuwar mata ashirin da ɗaya da ke aiki a matsayin karuwai a 'tsakiyar birni' ... Sashen da ke kan tashin hankali yana da cikakken bayani, an yi bincike sosai kuma an yi jayayya kuma yana ƙara abubuwa da yawa ga littattafan da ake da su kan cin zarafin mata da ke aiki a matsayin karuwai". 

Phoenix ta yi edita kan Dokar Kula da Jima'i don Siyarwa  da kuma labarai da dama da babi-babi kan masana'antar jima'i       da kuma gogewar tallafawa mutanen da suka canza jinsi a gidan yarin. 

Masu bitar littattafanta sun bayyana "wani abin mamaki da ba zai iya tserewa daga hankalin masu karatu da yawa a fagen ba: cewa karuwar 'yanci, zaɓi, da bambancin ra'ayi a cikin al'amuran jima'i a bayyane yake tare da 'yawan dokoki, manufofi da jagororin da ke neman tantance ƙa'idodi masu rikitarwa, masu girma da kuma ƙaruwar ƙa'idodi na hulɗa'".  Phoenix ta ba da shaida ga Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya game da rashin amfanin da mata ke fuskanta a tsarin shari'ar laifuka, musamman mata masu aiki da mata masu launin fata. Dangane da hukunci da ayyuka na al'umma, ta yi kira da a ci gaba da samar da mata masu zaman kansu, mata masu zaman kansu. "Reform of the Gender Recognition Act: Written evidence submitted by Professor Jo Phoenix [GRA1380]". UK Parliament. November 2020. (cited in "Reform of the Gender Recognition Act". UK Parliament.)

 'Yancin Faɗar Albarkaci 

 Jami'ar Essex 
Phoenix tana ɗaya daga cikin masu jawabi biyu na ilimi (tare da Rosa Freedman ) waɗanda suka sami afuwa daga Jami'ar Essex a shekarar 2021 bayan an janye gayyatarsu don yin magana game da haƙƙin masu canza jinsi a gidajen yari ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba saboda ɗaliban sun yi iƙirarin cewa Phoenix tana nuna wariya ga masu canza jinsi.    A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Phoenix ta yi maraba da shigar da ƙarar shari'a a kan Jami'ar Essex, tana mai iƙirarin cewa manufofinta sun karya dokokin 'yancin faɗin ra'ayi. Ƙungiyar 'Yancin faɗin Ra'ayi, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Toby Young, ta ɗauki matakin.  Wani bincike ya gano cewa shawarar janye gayyatar "ta zama keta haƙƙin Farfesa Phoenix na 'yancin faɗin ra'ayi". 

 Jami'ar Buɗaɗɗiya 

 Cibiyar Bincike Mai Muhimmanci Game da Jinsi 
A watan Yunin 2021, Phoenix (inda ta kasance farfesa a fannin laifuka) da Jon Pike (mai bincike a fannin falsafar wasanni),  sun yi taro a Cibiyar Bincike Mai Muhimmanci Kan Jinsi (GCRN) a Jami'ar Buɗe. Cibiyar tana da nufin "haɗakar da masana da masana iri-iri, waɗanda dukkansu suna da sha'awa iri ɗaya wajen bincika yadda jikin 'masu jinsi' ke samun mahimmanci a fannonin bincike daban-daban da kuma alƙawarin tabbatar da cewa an buɗe sarari a cikin jami'a don waɗannan binciken". Masanin Falsafa Kathleen Stock da Masanin Tarihi Selina Todd membobi ne. 

A cikin wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa da mutane 368 suka sanya wa hannu, wadda ta yi kira ga Jami'ar Buɗaɗɗiya da ta hana tallafi da kuɗaɗen shiga, an soki cibiyar sadarwar kuma an bayyana ta a cikin wasiƙar a matsayin mai ƙyama ga masu canza jinsi .   Wasiƙar ta ce cibiyar sadarwar "tana adawa da haƙƙin mutanen da suka canza jinsi" kuma ta ce 'yancin ilimi bai kamata ya zama "a kan ƙungiyoyin da aka ware ba".  Phoenix ta bayyana a hukumance cewa tana goyon bayan "haƙƙin mutanen da suka canza jinsi don samun cikakken kariya daga Dokar Daidaito kuma tana maraba da gyaran gwamnati na Dokar Tabbatar da Jinsi ta hanyoyin da suka dace da buƙatunsu" amma ta ba da shawarar cewa haƙƙin mutum na bayyana kansa a matsayin jinsi na musamman bai kamata ya zama tushen da aka gina tanadin adalci na laifuka ba. "Reform of the Gender Recognition Act: Written evidence submitted by Professor Jo Phoenix [GRA1380]". UK Parliament. November 2020. (cited in "Reform of the Gender Recognition Act". UK Parliament.) A cikin ƙarar da ta shigar a kan Jami'ar don korar mai gina jiki, kotun aikin yi ta ambaci wannan buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin misalan cin zarafi da abokan aikinta suka yi wa Phoenix. 

 Matakin korar mai gina jiki 
A shekarar 2021, Phoenix ta fara wani tsari na gabatar da ƙara mai kyau ga Jami'ar Buɗe (mai aikinta) saboda rashin kare ta daga cin zarafi a wurin aiki. [1] Ta bayyana cewa tana fatan "shari'ar za ta taimaka wajen kafa layi a tsakanin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma bayyana cewa zarge-zargen da ba su da tushe na kin jinin mata ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kawai cin zarafi ne musamman idan aka yi su a fannin ilimi". Ta bar Jami'ar Buɗe don ɗaukar nauyin farfesa a makarantar lauya a Jami'ar Reading. A watan Nuwamba na 2021, ƙungiyar zartarwa ta mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Buɗe ta bayyana cewa "kafa GCRN ya dace da 'yancin ilimi, yayin da kuma ta amince cewa wasu ma'aikata sun ga abubuwan da ke cikin aikin ƙungiyar suna da ƙalubale ko damuwa" kuma ta ɗauki aniyar yin bita kan manufofi da hanyoyinta.

A watan Janairun 2024, Kotun ta sami goyon bayanta. Hukuncin ya ce an kore ta ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ta fuskanci cin zarafi, cin zarafi (wanda ya haɗa da kwatanta ta da Shugaban Sashenta da "kawuna mai wariyar launin fata"  ), da kuma nuna wariya kai tsaye daga Jami'ar Buɗe, wanda bai ba ta damar yin magana game da mummunan halin da take ciki a tarurrukan sashen ba saboda bincikenta, kuma ya kasa kare ta daga kamfe na ɓata dandamali da kuma kiranta "mai canza launin fata" ko " TERF " a shafukan sada zumunta.   A watan Maris na 2024, Farfesa Phoenix ta sanar da cewa ta amince da yarjejeniyar diyya da Jami'ar Buɗe. Ba a bayyana adadin da za a biya ba.  A cikin wani uzuri da aka bayar bayan hukuncin kotun na 2024, Farfesa Tim Blackman, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Buɗe, ya bayyana cewa "Jami'ar ta goyi baya kuma ta ci gaba da tallafawa aikin Cibiyar Bincike Mai Muhimmanci Kan Jinsi (GCRN) a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan bincike masu mahimmanci da ke gudana a OU", kuma "Hukuncin kotun ya bayyana a sarari cewa ya kamata mu yi wani abu daban don magance tasirin wannan martanin ga Farfesa Phoenix da yanayin aiki da ta fuskanta." 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Phoenix tana da cutar Ehlers-Danlos . Ita da abokin aikinta, mai zane-zanen gilashi, suna tare tun 2005. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba