F. E. Williams

Francis Edgar Williams (9 ga Fabrairu 1893 - 12 ga Mayu 1943) masanin ilimin ɗan adam ne na Australiya wanda ya yi aiki ga gwamnatin Yankin Papua daga 1922 zuwa 1942.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haife shi a Malvern, Kudancin Australia kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kyre, makarantar Baptist ta Kudancin Ostiraliya, Williams ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide a shekara ta 1914 tare da manyan girmamawa, kuma an ba shi Rhodes Scholarship don karatu a Jami'ar Oxford. Duk da haka ya yanke shawarar shiga rundunar sojin Australiya a 1915 kuma ya yi aiki a Faransa a matsayin mataimakin a cikin 32nd Battalion. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin kyaftin din girmamawa a farkon 1918, ya yi aiki a wani aikin sirri a Caucasus a karkashin Janar Lionel Dunsterville . A shekara ta 1919, ya ɗauki Rhodes Scholarship a Balliol, kuma ya kammala karatu a fannin ilimin ɗan adam a shekara ta 1921.

 Papua New Guinea 
Komawa a Ostiraliya a ƙarshen shekara, ya sadu a watan Fabrairun 1922 da Lieutenant-Governor na Papua, Hubert Murray, wanda ke neman matashi mai karfi na Oxford don aiki a matsayin mataimakin masanin ilimin ɗan adam na gwamnati kusa da Dokta William Mersh Strong, wanda ya fi aiki fiye da masanin kimiyya. An nada shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1922, an kara Williams zuwa Masanin ilimin Dan Adam na Gwamnati lokacin da Strong ya yi ritaya a 1928, kuma ya ci gaba da matsayin har zuwa mutuwar gwamnatin Papuan a shekarar 1942.  Ya auri Constance Laura Dennis, malamar makarantar sakandare daga Vancouver, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1926. Ta zauna tare da Williams a Papuan, tana taimaka masa da rahotonsa da bayanan filin. An haifi ɗansu Francis, amma an san shi da Jack, a Kanada a 1927. Saboda ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa da aka samu tun yana jariri wanda ya kai shi kusan rashin gani an tura Jack zuwa makarantar makafi a Ingila, tare da Constance akai-akai yana ciyar da lokaci tare da shi.

 Hotuna 
A lokacin da yake aiki tare da gwamnatin Papua, Williams ya ɗauki hotuna kusan wurare goma sha takwas daban-daban a fadin bangarori takwas na gudanarwa, wanda ya haifar da kusan faranti na gilashi 2000 da kuma negatives. Abin da ya sa hotunansa na musamman shine tsawon lokaci da kuma fadada yankin da aka rufe a cikin hotunansa. Halinsa alama ce ta buƙatar 'hankali na hoto' wanda ya zama ruwan dare a lokacin, tare da manufar yin rubuce-rubuce daidai yadda ya kamata al'adun da yake karatu. Tarin Williams galibi ana ajiye shi a cikin Tarihin Kasa na Ostiraliya a Canberra da Tarihin Kasa ya Papua New Guinea a Port Moresby

Daga cikin rahotanni da yawa da Williams ya rubuta wa gwamnatin Papuan, Orokaiva Society (1930) ya haifar da digiri na girmamawa na MA daga Jami'ar Adelaide, Papuans of the Trans-Fly (1936) ya ba shi B.Sc. daga Oxford, inda ya kuma sami ƙarin D. Sc. a cikin 1941 don Drama of Orokolo (1940). Williams ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta zinare ta Wellcome don binciken ilimin ɗan adam (1933), lambar yabo ta Cilento (1935), da kuma Rockefeller (1933-34).

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1943