Marion Kennedy

Marion Grace Kennedy (23 Nuwamba 1836 - 11 Janairu 1914) malamar gargajiya ce ta Birtaniya. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan zaɓen mata da kuma ilimin gaba da sakandare ga mata. An haife ta da wuri don ta ci gajiyar ilimin manyan mata kuma mahaifinta ya ɗauki nauyin wasu ayyukanta. Ta taimaka wajen gano sannan ta yi aiki a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge, inda ra'ayoyinta suka tsara kundin tsarin mulkinta.

 Rayuwa 
Kennedy ita ce ɗa ta biyu a cikin iyalinta, kuma ta farko da aka haifa a Shrewsbury, inda mahaifinta yake shugaban makarantar Shrewsbury . Iyayenta sune Janet da Benjamin Hall Kennedy, kuma babbar 'yar uwarta ana kiranta Charlotte, ita ma za ta yi kamfen don neman 'yancin mata. Mahaifinta yana da kwarin gwiwa, amma mahaifiyarta ita ce mai tsari wadda ke kula da kuɗin iyalin. An san ta a cikin iyalin da 'Maisie'. Marion Kennedy, Newnham College, Retrieved 22 June 2017

Ita da ƙanwarta Julia sun zauna a gidan danginsu kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Cambridge tare da iyayensu lokacin da mahaifinta ya zama Farfesa na Girkanci a 1867. Sun kasance masu himma a Cambridge daga gidan iyali da ke Titin Bateman don inganta ra'ayoyin 'yan sassaucin ra'ayi. An buɗe kwalejin Cambridge ta farko ga mata, Girton College a 1869  kuma Newnham ta biyo baya shekaru biyu bayan haka. Iyalan Sidgwick, Fawcett da Kennedy sun goyi bayan ci gaban haƙƙin mata. Ɗaliban farko a Newnham's sun yi jarrabawarsu a gidan Kennedy. 

Marion Kennedy ta ba da kuɗi mai yawa kuma ta kasance sakatare mai kula da ƙungiyar haɓaka ilimin mata mafi girma a Cambridge wadda ta zama wani ɓangare na Newnham a 1880.  Marion ta kula da ɗaliban kwalejin da ke riƙe da matsayin sakatare mai girmamawa har zuwa 1904.  A 1888, Philippa Fawcett ita ce ta fara samun digirin digirgir wanda aka kafa don girmama Kennedy.  A 1892, James Jebusa Shannon ta zana hotonta wanda membobin kwaleji suka ba da kuɗi kuma har yanzu Kwalejin Newnham ce ke da shi. 

Kennedy ta yi jayayya kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin kwalejin a shekarar 1892/3. Tana son tabbatar da cewa tsofaffin ɗaliban kwalejin su sami iko na gaske kan alkiblar kwalejin a nan gaba. Kwalejin ta amince ta naɗa "Associates". An fara gano waɗannan mutanen ne ta hanyar roƙon tsoffin ɗalibai da su ba da shawarar mutane ashirin waɗanda za su iya tallafawa manufofin "Ilimi, koyo da bincike".  An naɗa sunayen mutane ashirin mafi shahara kuma kwalejin ta ƙara wasu goma. Associates cikakken membobin kwalejin ne kuma kowace shekara ana ƙara wasu uku kuma lokacin da aka kai 48 to uku suma dole ne su yi ritaya. Wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗa da tsofaffin ɗalibai da ma'aikata. Tana haɗuwa sau ɗaya a shekara  kuma associates suna da nasu ajandar. Associates sun yi amfani da tasirinsu don tara kuɗi don haɗin gwiwa. Sun kuma tsara kundin tsarin mulkin 1917 wanda ya haɗa da associates a cikin tushen ikon rarrabawa na kwalejin. 

A shekarar 1913, an sami matsala game da haƙƙin mallaka na littafin Revised Latin Primer wanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan mahaifinta a shekarar 1888. Marion Kennedy ta bayyana cewa a zahiri ita ce ta rubuta littafin, 'yar uwarta Julia da ɗaliban mahaifinta maza biyu; Marion ta bayar da misalai, Julia ta gabatar da ilimin falsafa. An shawo kansu cewa bai kamata su yi kasadar fuskantar shari'a ba domin an fitar da littafin ne da sunan mahaifinsu kuma ba su yi ikirarin cewa su ne suka rubuta shi ba. Da wuya Farfesa Kennedy ya sami hannu a gyaran littafin 1888, da kuma littafin gajeriyar Latin na wannan shekarar.

Tana da shekaru saba'in da bakwai, ta yi zanga-zanga a shekarar 1913 a wani gangamin zaɓe a Landan.

Kennedy ya mutu a Torquay a shekarar 1914.  An binne tokarta a Makabartar Mill Road, Cambridge tare da iyayenta.  name="Millrd">

 Gado 
An buɗe Kennedy Hall da ke Newnham a shekarar 1905. A shekarar 1923 aka bai wa Kwalejin Newnham makamai, bisa ga jigogi da aka ɗauka daga iyalai huɗu, ciki har da 'yan Kennedy. 

 Manazarta