Qian Zhongshu

Qian Zhongshu (21 ga Nuwamba, 1910 - 19 ga Disamba, 1998), wanda aka fi sani da Ch'ien Chung-shu  ko Dzien Tsoong-su, masanin wallafe-wallafen kasar Sin ne kuma marubuci. An san shi da littafinsa mai suna Fortress Besieged; masaninsa, wanda ba a san shi ba, wanda ya bambanta da yawa, nassoshi masu yawa ga tarihin Sinanci da Yammacin Turai da kuma wallafe-wallafen; da kuma rawar da ya taka wajen fassara rubuce-rubucen Mao Zedong zuwa Turanci.

 Rayuwa 
Yawancin abin da aka sani game da rayuwar Qian ta farko ya dogara ne akan wata kasida da matarsa Yang Jiang ta rubuta. An haife shi a Wuxi, Qian Zhongshu ɗan Qian Jibo ne (), masanin Confucian mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, mai sauka, kuma farfesa na harshen Sinanci a Tsinghua, Jami'ar St. John, da Jami'ar Tsakiya ta Kasa (Nanking), bi da bi. Ta hanyar al'adar iyali, Qian Zhongshu ya girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar kawunsa na fari, wanda ba shi da ɗa. Da farko an kira Qian Yangxian (; lit. "girmama tsofaffi"), tare da Sunan girmamawa Zheliang (; "mai hikima da madaidaiciya"). Koyaya, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara ɗaya, bisa ga al'adar zhuazhou, wanda aka yi a sassa da yawa na China, an ba shi wasu abubuwa da aka shimfiɗa a gabansa don "kamawa"; ya kama littafi. Kakansa ya sake masa suna Zhongshu,  a zahiri "mai son littattafai, " yayin da Yangxian ya zama sunansa na sirri. Qian yaro ne mai magana sosai. Mahaifinsa daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa Mocun (, lit. "don yin shiru"), da fatan cewa zai yi magana kadan.

 Gidan da ya kasance 
Tsohon gidan Qian, wanda ya rufe murabba'in mita 1,600, yana cikin Xinjiexiang # 30 da # 32 a Wuxi, Nanjing. Kakansa Qian Fujiong ne ya gina shi a 1923. A shekara ta 1926 kawunsa Qian Sunqin ya gina gine-gine biyar da ɗakunan taimako da yawa a gefen yammacin bayan gidan, wanda ya rufe yanki na murabba'in mita 667.6. Dukan rukunin gine-ginen gidaje ne na Jiangnan. A cikin gidan, akwai wasu gine-gine na musamman, kamar Haixu Shulou da Meihua Shuwu. A cikin 2018, ya yi amfani da shi don mahimman kayan kariya na al'adu na kasar Sin. Tsohon mazaunin yana da nune-nunen da suka shafi kuma yana buɗewa ga jama'a ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba.

 Ayyuka 
Qian ya zauna a Shanghai daga 1941 zuwa 1945, wanda ke ƙarƙashin mamayar Japan a lokacin. Yawancin ayyukansa an rubuta su ko kuma an buga su a wannan lokacin rikici. An wallafa tarin gajerun litattafai, Written in the Margins of Life () a cikin 1941. Human, Beast, Ghost (), tarin gajerun labaru, galibi satiric, an buga shi a 1946. Ayyukansa mafi shahara Fortress Besieged sun bayyana a 1947, amma ba har zuwa shekarun 1980 ba ne ya sami karin kulawa. On the Art of Poetry [zh], wanda aka rubuta a cikin Sinanci na gargajiya, an buga shi a cikin 1948.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910