Charles Cornwallis, Marquis Cornwallis na farko

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (31 Disamba 1738 - 5 Oktoba 1805) ya kasance jami'in Sojojin Burtaniya, ɗan siyasa na Whig kuma mai mulkin mallaka. A Amurka da Ingila, an fi saninsa da daya daga cikin manyan jami'an Burtaniya a yakin neman 'yancin kai na Amurka . Ya mika wuya a shekara ta 1781 ga hadin gwiwar sojojin Franco-Amurka a lokacin da aka kewaye Yorktown ya kawo karshen manyan tashin hankali a Arewacin Amurka. Cornwallis daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan farar hula da soja a Ireland, inda ya taimaka wajen kawo Dokar Tarayya; kuma a Indiya, inda ya taimakawa wajen aiwatar da Dokar Cornwallis da Tsarin Dindindin.

An haife shi a cikin dangin aristocratic kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Eton da Jami'ar Cambridge, Cornwallis ya shiga Sojojin Burtaniya a 1757, yana ganin aiki a cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai . Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1762 ya gaji matsayinsa kuma ya shiga House of Lords . Daga 1766 zuwa 1805 ya kasance kwamandan 33rd Regiment of Foot .  Cornwallis na gaba ya ga aikin soja a cikin 1776 a cikin Yakin Independence na Amurka . Mai aiki a cikin dakarun ci gaba na kamfen da yawa, a cikin 1780 ya haifar da babban cin nasara a kan Sojojin Continental a Yaƙin Camden . Ya kuma umarci sojojin Burtaniya a Nasarar Pyrrhic a watan Maris na shekara ta 1781 a Gidan Kotun Guilford . Cornwallis ya mika sojojinsa a Yorktown a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1781 bayan wani yunkuri mai tsawo ta hanyar yankunan Kudancin, wanda aka nuna ta rashin jituwa tsakanin shi da shugabansu, Sir Henry Clinton.

 Rayuwa ta farko da iyali 
An haifi Cornwallis a Grosvenor Square a London .  Shi ne ɗan fari na Charles Cornwallis, Baron Cornwallis na 5. Mahaifiyarsa, Elizabeth, 'yar Charles Townshend ce, Viscount Townshend na biyu, kuma 'yar'uwar Sir Robert Walpole, Firayim Minista na farko na Burtaniya. Kakansa, Frederick, shi ne Babban Bishop na Canterbury . Ɗan'uwan tagwaye na Frederick, Edward, jami'in soja ne, gwamnan mulkin mallaka kuma wanda ya kafa Halifax, Nova Scotia .  Ɗan'uwansa William ya zama Admiral a cikin Royal Navy .  Wani ɗan'uwansa, James, daga ƙarshe ya gaji yankin daga ɗan Cornwallis, Charles . 

An kafa iyalin a Brome Hall, kusa da Eye, Suffolk, a cikin karni na 14, kuma membobinta za su wakilci gundumar a cikin House of Commons a cikin shekaru ɗari uku masu zuwa. Frederick Cornwallis, ya kirkiro Baronet a 1627, ya yi yaƙi da Sarki Charles I, kuma ya bi Sarki Charles II zuwa gudun hijira. An sanya shi Baron Cornwallis, na Eye a cikin County of Suffolk, a cikin shekara ta 1661, kuma ta hanyar aure masu kyau, zuriyarsa sun kara muhimmancin iyalinsa.

 Farkon aikin soja 
Cornwallis ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Eton da Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge . Yayinda yake wasan hockey a Eton, idonsa ya ji rauni ta hanyar haɗari daga Shute Barrington, daga baya Bishop na Durham .  Ya sami kwamishinsa na farko a matsayin Ensign a cikin 1st Foot Guards, a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1757.  Daga nan sai ya nemi kuma ya sami izinin shiga karatun soja a kasashen waje. Bayan ya yi tafiya a nahiyar tare da wani jami'in Prussian, Kyaftin de Roguin, ya yi karatu a makarantar soja ta Turin . 

Bayan kammala karatunsa a Turin a 1758, ya yi tafiya zuwa Geneva, inda ya koyi cewa za a tura sojojin Burtaniya zuwa Arewacin Amurka a cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai . Kodayake ya yi ƙoƙari ya isa rundunarsa kafin ta tashi daga Isle of Wight, ya koyi lokacin da ya isa Cologne cewa ta riga ta tashi. Ya sami nasarar samun nadin a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata ga Ubangiji Granby . 

Bayan shekara guda, ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Minden, babban yakin da ya hana mamayar Faransa a Hanover. Bayan yakin, ya sayi kyaftin a cikin 85th Regiment of Foot. A shekara ta 1761 ya yi aiki tare da 12th Foot kuma an inganta shi zuwa Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel . Ya jagoranci rundunarsa a Yaƙin Villinghausen a ranar 15-16 ga Yuli 1761, kuma an san shi da jaruntakarsa. A shekara ta 1762 rundunarsa ta shiga cikin fada mai tsanani a lokacin Yaƙin Wilhelmsthal . Bayan 'yan makonni sun ci sojojin Saxon a Yaƙin Lutterberg kuma sun ƙare shekarar ta hanyar shiga cikin kewaye da Cassel .

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