Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway

Rose Kennedy Greenway wani wurin shakatawa ne mai layi wanda ke cikin unguwannin da dama na tsakiyar birnin Boston . Ya ƙunshi lambuna masu shimfidar wuri, wuraren shakatawa, filayen ruwa, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, fasaha, da tsarin hasken wuta na musamman waɗanda suka kai tsawon mil ɗaya a cikin unguwannin Chinatown, Gundumar Kuɗi, Gabar Ruwa, da North End . An buɗe Greenway mai fadin eka 17 a hukumance a watan Oktoba na 2008, kuma yana kan ƙasa da aka ƙirƙira daga rushewar titin John F. Fitzgerald Expressway a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Big Dig.

An sanya wa Rose Kennedy Greenway suna ne bayan Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, uwar gidan Kennedy wacce aka haifa a unguwar North End da ke makwabtaka da ita, 'yar tsohon magajin garin Boston wanda aka sanya wa babbar hanyar da aka rushe suna. Ɗanta, Sanata Edward M. Kennedy, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Greenway.

An kafa Rose Kennedy Greenway Conservancy a matsayin wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a shekarar 2004 don jagorantar tsarin wuraren shakatawa masu tasowa da kuma tara kuɗi don bayar da tallafi da ayyuka. A shekarar 2008, Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta tabbatar da Conservancy a matsayin mai kula da Rose Kennedy Greenway;  Conservancy tana aiki ne da haya daga Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (wanda yanzu shine Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Massachusetts).  Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2009, Conservancy ta gudanar da wurin shakatawa, tana jagorantar balaga da wannan sabon wuri na jama'a, tana ƙarfafa kyawunsa na zahiri, da kuma ƙarfafa jin daɗin al'umma a Boston.

Dokar 2008 ta kafa tsarin bayar da tallafi na gwamnati/na masu zaman kansu kashi 50%-50%. Ta hanyar yarjejeniyar bayar da tallafi ta bangarori da dama da aka sanar a watan Yunin 2017, kudaden gwamnati daga Jiha da Birni suna wakiltar kusan kashi 20% na kasafin kudin gudanarwa, sabon asusun Gundumar Inganta Kasuwanci ta Greenway ~20% na kasafin kudin gudanarwa, kuma Greenway Conservancy tana samar da kusan kashi 60%.

 Tarihi 
A shekarun 1940, an fara shirin "Babban Hanya a Sama" wanda zai rage cunkoson ababen hawa da kuma samar da hanya kai tsaye don jigilar kayayyaki zuwa da fita daga Boston. An fara gina babban hanyar shiga da fita daga Boston a shekarar 1951 kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 1959, inda aka kori mazauna sama da 10,000 tare da rushe gine-gine kimanin 1,000. Duk da haka, iyakokin babbar hanyar shiga ta Tsakiya sun bayyana a fili cikin wahala. A shekarar 1991, bayan kusan shekaru goma na tsare-tsare, an fara ginawa a kan Babban Aikin Tashar Jiragen Ruwa/Tunnel na Tsakiya, wanda aka fi sani da " Babban Dig ", wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan babbar hanyar shiga da fita ta fasaha a tarihin Amurka. 

Da zarar an mayar da babbar hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, Boston za ta kasance mai wadata a manyan filayen birane. Shugabannin al'umma da na siyasa sun yi amfani da damar don inganta rayuwar birnin Boston ta hanyar samar da ƙarin wuraren shakatawa da lambuna don haɗa wasu daga cikin tsoffin unguwanninta, mafi bambancin ra'ayi, da kuma masu cike da kuzari. Ƙirƙirar Greenway haɗin gwiwa ne na Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (MTA), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Birnin Boston, da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na jama'a.

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2008, dubban baƙi sun taru don bikin buɗe wurin shakatawa tare da Rose Kennedy Greenway Conservancy.   A shekara mai zuwa, a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2009, Rose Kennedy Greenway Conservancy ta ɗauki nauyin aiki a wuraren shakatawa. A yau, Greenway ta ƙunshi lambuna, filayen wasa, da kuma hanyoyin tafiya da aka yi wa ado da bishiyoyi. Greenway muhimmin fasali ne na sake fasalin Boston, Boston Harbor, South Boston Waterfront, da kuma Tsibirin Harbor na zamani.

Wajibcin MassDOT a ƙarƙashin dokar jiha na samar da kashi 50% na kuɗaɗen Greenway ya ƙare a shekarar 2012,  kuma an maye gurbinsa da yarjejeniyoyi na shekara-shekara har zuwa yarjejeniyar shekaru shida a shekarar 2017. Yanzu Gundumar Inganta Kasuwanci ta Greenway  tana ba da kuɗaɗen shekara-shekara ga Greenway Conservancy, kamar yadda Birnin Boston (daga asusun da aka kafa tare da kuɗin da aka samu daga siyar da garejin Winthrop Square) da MassDOT.  

 Dewey Square Park 
Dewey Square Park, wacce take tsakanin Congress da Summer Streets tare da titin Atlantic Avenue, ta haɗu da babbar cibiyar sufuri ta South Station zuwa Financial District. Wurin shakatawa yana da lambuna, wuraren ciyawa, da kuma filin da ke kusa, wanda aka tsara don jawo hankalin masu ababen hawa da ma'aikata da mazauna kusa. Teburan, kujeru, da tarin motocin abinci sun sanya Dewey Square Park sanannen wurin cin abincin rana, musamman a lokacin dumi lokacin da filin ke nuna kasuwar manoma ta Boston Public Market Association sau biyu a mako.  Ana shirya motocin abinci da sauran manyan bukukuwa a nan.

A shekarar 2011, Dandalin Dewey shine wurin da ƙungiyar Occupy Boston ta fara.     Sake fasalin shukar da aka yi daga baya ya haɗa da lambun masu yin fure, gadaje masu tsayi da aka dasa tare da kayan abinci, lambun ruwan sama, da ƙaramin lambun 'ya'yan itace; amfanin gonar da aka girbe daga lambun da ake ci ana bayar da shi ga ƙungiyoyin agaji na agajin yunwa.

 Wuraren Shakatawa na Fort Point 
Wuraren shakatawa na Fort Point Channel suna tsakanin titunan Oliver da Congress da ke kan titin Atlantic Avenue, galibi ana kiransu da "Lambunan Sabuwar Amurka" saboda nau'ikan bishiyoyi da furanni iri-iri da ake samu a lambunan gidajen New England na yau da kullun.  

An dasa wuraren shakatawa na Fort Point Channel Parks, waɗanda Halvorson Design Associates suka tsara,   a shekarar 2008 ta ƙungiyar manoma ta Massachusetts, tare da taimakon masu sa kai da yawa, ciki har da ƙungiyar manoma ta Massachusetts Master Gardener Association.  Greenway Conservancy ta ƙara ƙarin shuka mai yawa kuma ita ce ke da alhakin kula da ake ci gaba da yi.

 Wuraren Shakatawa na Gundumar Wharf 
Wuraren shakatawa na Wharf District Parks sun haɗa Faneuil Hall da Financial District da Boston Harbor. An tsara su ta EDAW da Copley Wolff Design Group,  wuraren shakatawa sun ƙunshi wurare masu shimfidar wurare don amfanin jama'a da kuma wurin taruwa don tarurrukan jama'a da aka sani da Babban Ɗaki.  Wuraren ciyawa guda uku a buɗe, waɗanda aka kewaye da shuke-shuke, suna ba da sarari na yau da kullun don taruwa. A cikin watanni masu zafi, Wuraren shakatawa na Wharf District Parks suna karɓar bakuncin Kasuwar Buɗewa ta Greenway,  masu sayar da abinci, kade-kade da azuzuwan motsa jiki. Manyan tarurruka kuma suna faruwa a faɗin Wuraren shakatawa na Wharf District, kamar Bikin Abinci na Boston Local da kuma bikin fasaha na FIGMENT. Wuraren shakatawa na Wharf District sun kasance gida ga Uwaye, hanyar tafiya mai lanƙwasa wadda ta ƙunshi shimfidar wurare da aka zana da sunaye da saƙonni na sirri. 

 Hotunan Hotuna 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba