Erich Hoepner

Erich Kurt Richard Hoepner (14 Satumba 1886 - 8 Agusta 1944) ya kasance janar na Jamus a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Wani mai goyon bayan farko na inji da yaƙi mai dauke da makamai, ya kasance kwamandan rundunar sojojin Wehrmacht Heer a farkon yaƙin, yana jagorantar dakarunsa a lokacin mamaye Poland da Yaƙin Faransa .

Hoepner ya umurci rukuni na 4th Panzer a Gabashin Gabas a lokacin Operation Barbarossa, mamayewar Tarayyar Soviet a shekara ta 1941. A lokacin mamaye Poland, ya yi tsayayya da mummunar zalunci da kisan fursunonin yaki, amma a Rasha, Hoepner ya yi kira ga yakin hallaka. Rukunin da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa sun haɗa kai da Einsatzgruppen kuma ya aiwatar da Dokar Kwamishinan da ta umarci sojojin Wehrmacht da su kashe Kwamishinonin siyasa na Red Army nan da nan bayan kama su. Kungiyar Panzer ta Hoepner, tare da 3rd Panzer Group, sun jagoranci ci gaba a kan Moscow a cikin Operation Typhoon, yunkurin da ya gaza na kama babban birnin Soviet.

An kore shi daga Wehrmacht bayan gazawar yakin 1941, Hoepner ya dawo da haƙƙin fansho ta hanyar karar. An shigar da shi cikin makircin da ya gaza a ranar 20 ga Yuli a kan Adolf Hitler kuma an kashe shi a 1944.

 Shekaru na farko da Yaƙin Duniya na I 
An haifi Hoepner a  (daga) -linkid="208" href="./Frankfurt_(Oder)" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder) , ɗan jami'in kiwon lafiya na Prussian Kurt Hoepner . An ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin Prussia a matsayin mataimakin sojan doki a cikin 1906, ya shiga cikin Schleswig-Holstein Dragoons Regiment No. 13 (de). A shekara ta 1911 ya halarci Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Prussian kuma an sanya shi a Janar na XVI Corps. Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya fara an sanya shi a Yammacin Gabas, yana aiki a matsayin kwamandan kamfani da jami'in ma'aikata ga runduna da sojoji da yawa. Ya yi yaƙi tare da 105th Infantry Division a cikin hare-haren bazara na Jamus na 1918, ya kawo karshen yakin a cikin sojan doki.

 Lokacin tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe 
Hoepner ya kasance a cikin SS="cx-link" data-linkid="221" href="./Reichswehr" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr a lokacin Jamhuriyar Weimar .  An ci gaba da shi zuwa matsayin Janar a cikin 1936 kuma a cikin 1938 an ba shi umurni na 1st Light Division (daga baya 6th Panzer Division), ƙungiyar makamai ta farko wacce ta kasance wani ɓangare na tsakiya na fadada Panzerwaffe na Jamus. Claus von Stauffenberg ya yi aiki a cikin ma'aikatan Hoepner. Bayan Al'amarin Blomberg-Fritsch a farkon 1938, sakamakon shi ne mamayewar Wehrmacht ga mai mulkin kama-karya Adolf Hitler, kuma yayin da Rikicin Sudetenland ya ɓarke, Hoepner ya shiga Makircin Oster. Kungiyar ta shirya kashe Hitler da kuma hambarar da Nazi SS, idan Hitler ya koma ya mamaye Czechoslovakia. Matsayin Hoepner a cikin shirin shine ya jagoranci 1st Light Division zuwa Berlin da kuma kama manyan manufofi a kan sojojin SS a cikin birni. Wannan makircin ya rushe tare da sulhu da Neville Chamberlain da Édouard Daladier da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Munich. A kan abokin hamayyarsa Heinz Guderian ya ɗauka na umurni na XIX Army Corps, Hoepner ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin kwamandan XVI Army Corps. Ya jagoranci rundunar a mamayewar Czechoslovakia a watan Maris na shekara ta 1939 kuma an kara shi a watan da ya biyo baya zuwa Janar na Cavalry . 

 Yaƙin Duniya na II 

 Rashin mamaye Poland da Yakin Faransa 
Hoepner ya umarci rundunar soji ta XVI a mamaye Poland inda ya rufe kilomita  (140  zuwa Warsaw a cikin mako guda kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na rundunar sojin 10. An tura Hoepner da rundunarsa zuwa rundunar soja ta 6 don Yaƙin Faransa, inda ya jagoranci hare-hare kan Liège sannan kuma Dunkirk da Dijon. A ranar 22 ga Mayu, an sanya SS Division Totenkopf zuwa XVI Corps, yana fara abin da zai zama dogon lokaci na rikici da rashin son juna tsakanin Hoepner da SS. A lokacin Yaƙin Dunkirk, jita-jita sun fara yaduwa game da sojojin SS da ke wulakanta fursunoni kuma a ranar 24 ga Mayu Hoepner ya ba da umarni na musamman ga rukunin sa cewa duk wani soja da aka kama yana wulakanta fursuna zai fuskanci kotunonin soja nan take.

Kwanaki uku bayan haka sojoji daga SS Division Totenkopf sun kashe kusan fursunonin Burtaniya ɗari a kisan kiyashi na Le Paradis . Lokacin da labarin kisan kiyashi ya kai ga Hoepner ya ba da umarnin bincike kan zarge-zargen, yana buƙatar a kori kwamandan sashen SS, Theodor Eicke idan za a iya samun shaidar cewa sojojin SS sun wulakanta fursunonin Burtaniya ko kuma sun kashe su. Eicke ya ba da uzuri ga Himmler cewa Birtaniya sun yi amfani da Harsasai na dum-dum a kan sojojinsa. Shi da ƙungiyar Totenkopf ba su sha wahala ba kuma an manta da batun a hukumance. Koyaya, Hoepner ya ci gaba da riƙe ƙin kansa da ƙwarewa ga Eicke, yana kiransa "mai yanka" saboda rashin kula da wadanda suka mutu. Ya kuma ci gaba da ra'ayinsa game da Waffen-SS.

 Yaƙi da Tarayyar Soviet 
Bayan kammala yakin a Faransa, an kara Hoepner zuwa matsayin Janaroberst a watan Yulin 1940.  Babban Kwamandan Jamus ya fara tsarawa don Operation Barbarossa,  kuma an nada Hoepner don yin umurni da 4th Panzer Group wanda zai tafi Leningrad a matsayin wani ɓangare na Army Group North a karkashin Wilhelm von Leeb.  A ranar 30 ga Maris 1941, Hitler ya gabatar da jawabi ga kimanin manyan jami'an Wehrmacht ɗari biyu inda ya tsara shirye-shiryensa na yaki da akidar hallaka (Vernichtungskrieg) a kan Tarayyar Soviet. Ya bayyana cewa "yana so ya ga yakin da ke gabatowa da Tarayyar Soviet da aka gudanar ba bisa ga ka'idodin soja ba, amma a matsayin yakin hallaka" a kan abokin gaba na akida, ko soja ko farar hula. Shugabannin Wehrmacht da yawa, ciki har da Hoepner, sun sake maimaita ra'ayin. A matsayinsa na kwamandan 4th Panzer Group, ya ba da umarni ga dakarunsa:
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886