Zhang Jingsheng

Zhang Jingsheng (20 Fabrairu 1888 - 18 Yuni 1970) masanin falsafa ne kuma Masanin ilimin jima'i na kasar Sin. An haife shi Zhang Jiangliu ga dangin 'yan kasuwa a Raoping County a gabashin Guangzhou, Zhang ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Whampoa, inda ya zama mai goyon bayan masu juyin juya halin Tongmenghui. Bayan an kore shi daga Whampoa, ya sadu da shugaban Tongmenghui Sun Yat-sen kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Imperial ta Peking . Ya zama mai ba da shawara game da ra'ayoyin Turai na zamantakewar Darwinism, wariyar launin fata na kimiyya, da eugenics, yana canza sunansa zuwa Jingsheng, "gwagwarmaya don tsira". Ya kasance memba mai aiki na ƙungiyar Tongmenghui ta Beijing tare da Wang Jingwei, amma ya ki zama dan siyasa bayan Juyin Juya Halin 1911, a maimakon haka ya yi karatu a Faransa.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1888, an haifi Zhang Jiangliu (张江流) a ƙauyen Darongpu, garin Fubin , a cikin Gundumar Raoping, wani karkara a gabashin Guangzhou . Shi ne ɗa na uku a cikin iyalin 'yan kasuwa masu arziki. Kafin ya zauna a yankunan karkara na Guangzhou, mahaifinsa Zhang Zhihe da kakansa Zhang Xiangruo sun kasance masu cinikin kasar Sin masu arziki a Malaysia, Vietnam, da Singapore. Mahaifin Zhang ya ɗauki Ƙwaraƙwarar lokacin da Zhang yake matashi, wanda ya haifar da babban rarrabuwa da rikici a cikin iyalinsa. A lokacin Qing, samun ƙwaraƙwarai hanya ce ta yau da kullun don nuna dukiyar mutum.

 Ilimi na kwaleji 
An ƙi Zhang don tallafin gwamnati don karatu a kasashen waje, kuma ya zama mai tawaye da makarantar. Ya yanke sahunsa (gashin gashi da gwamnatin Qing ta ba da umarni) kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa wasu abokan aji su yi haka. Da yake fushi da sabis na abinci na makarantar, wanda ya yi iƙirarin ya hukunta masu cin abinci a hankali, sai ya shirya zanga-zanga tare da abokin aji. Bayan an dakatar da su duka na shekara guda, sun bi shawarar Zhao kuma suka yi tafiya zuwa Singapore don saduwa da shugaban Tongmenghui Sun Yat-sen. Sun da mai juyin juya hali Hu Hanmin sun shawarci Zhang ya koma kasar Sin, ya halarci kwalejin soja, kuma ya shiga sabuwar rundunar Qing.

 Ayyukan juyin juya hali da nazarin kasashen waje 
Zhang ya zama mai aiki a cikin tantanin Tianjin-Beijing na Tongmenghui, inda ya kasance kusa da Wang Jingwei da budurwarsa Chen Bijun, tare da wasu fitattun masu juyin juya yaƙi kamar Wu Zhihui da Zhang Ji . Bayan da aka kama Wang a cikin wani makirci da ya gaza don kashe Yarima Qing mai mulki Zaifeng, Zhang ya tara kudi don shirin fita daga kurkuku. Zhang ya kammala karatu a 1911, jim kadan kafin barkewar Juyin Juya Halin Xinhai, inda Tongmenghui ya hambarar da daular Qing kuma ya kafa jamhuriya Sin. A shekara mai zuwa, Sun Yat-sen ya nada shi ya yi aiki a karkashin Wang a matsayin jami'i a Taron Arewa-Kudanci, taron zaman lafiya a Shanghai tare da jagorancin Sojojin Beiyang Janar Yuan Shikai. Zhang ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa cewa babu wani daga cikin mutanen da ke cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya "ya fahimci irin nau'in jamhuriya ce", yana zargin wannan ga mulkin Yuan Shikai da ya biyo baya da kuma fadawa cikin warlordism a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
alt=See caption|thumb|Digirin digirin Zhang daga Jami'ar Lyon, 1919

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1970