Richard Garwin

Richard Lawrence Garwin (Afrilu 19, 1928 - Mayu 13, 2025) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Amurka kuma mai ba da shawara kan gwamnati, wanda aka fi sani da marubucin ƙirar bam ɗin hydrogen na farko.   

A shekarar 1978, an zaɓi Garwin a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa saboda bayar da gudummawa ga amfani da sabbin abubuwan da aka gano a kimiyya don sabbin aikace-aikacen injiniya masu amfani waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsaron ƙasa da ci gaban tattalin arziki. A shekarar 2015 ya sami lambar yabo ta 'Yanci ta Shugaban Ƙasa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kimiyya, fasaha da tsaro.

An haifi Garwin a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a Cleveland a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1928.   Ya sami digirinsa na farko daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Shari'a a 1947, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Falsafa, yana da shekaru 21, daga Jami'ar Chicago a ƙarƙashin kulawar Enrico Fermi . Wani ɗalibin Fermi, Marvin L. Goldberger, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Fermi ya ce "Garwin shi ne kaɗai haziƙin da ya taɓa haɗuwa da shi". 

 Sana'a 
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Chicago, Garwin ya shiga sashen kimiyyar lissafi a can kuma ya yi lokacin bazara a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Los Alamos yana aiki akan makaman nukiliya . Garwin shine marubucin ainihin ƙirar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin bam ɗin hydrogen na farko (wanda aka sanya wa suna Mike ) a 1952.  Edward Teller ya ba shi aikin, tare da umarnin cewa ya sanya shi ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya gwargwadon iko don tabbatar da cewa manufar ta yiwu.  Ya kuma yi aiki kan haɓaka tauraron ɗan adam na leƙen asiri na farko, wanda aka sanya masa suna ɗaya daga cikin goma da suka kafa leƙen asiri na ƙasa.  Yayin da yake IBM, aikinsa kan spin-echo magnetic resonance ya kafa harsashin MRI ;  shi ne wanda ya haifar da gano da buga algorithm na Cooley-Tukey FFT, wanda a yau shine babban aikin sarrafa siginar dijital; ya yi aiki akan raƙuman nauyi ; kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka firintocin laser da na'urorin sa ido na allon taɓawa.  An ba shi haƙƙin mallaka guda 47 kuma an buga takardu sama da 500. 

 Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa 
A shekarar 1947, Garwin ya auri Lois Levy (ta mutu a shekarar 2018), kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya uku, ɗaya daga cikinsu mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar jarida Laura Garwin .  Ya mutu a gidansa da ke Scarsdale, New York, a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2025, yana da shekaru 97. 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928
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