John Bullock Clark

John Bullock Clark Sr. (Afrilu 17, 1802 - Oktoba 29, 1885) ya kasance jami'in 'Yan bindiga na Amurka kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka da Majalisar Dattijo . An haife shi a Kentucky, Clark ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Missouri_Territory" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Missouri Territory">Yankin Missouri a 1818 kuma ya yi karatun doka. Bayan zama jihar Missouri a 1821, ya bude aikin lauya a Fayette, Missouri, a 1824, kuma ya rike mukamai da yawa a cikin karamar hukuma a cikin shekarun 1820 da 1830. Clark ya kuma shiga cikin 'yan bindiga na jihar, yana aiki a matsayin Colonel a cikin Black Hawk War a 1832 kuma daga ƙarshe ya tashi zuwa matsayin babban janar. A cikin 1838, a lokacin Yaƙin Mormon na Missouri, Clark ya kasance mai karɓar Gwamna Lilburn Boggs mai suna Mormon Extermination Order, kuma ya shiga cikin ƙarshen rikici. Ya kasance dan takarar Whig a Zaben gwamna na Missouri na 1840. An zargi Clark da yin makirci don yin zamba a zaben kuma a sakamakon haka kusan ya yi gwagwarmaya da Claiborne Fox Jackson, daga baya Gwamna na Missouri.

A shekara ta 1850, an zabi Clark a matsayin Whig a Majalisar Wakilai ta Missouri kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 1851. An zabe shi a shekara ta 1857 don cika gurbi a daya daga cikin kujerun Missouri a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka. Tare da barkewar Yaƙin basasa a 1861, Clark, mai arziki mai mallakar bayi 160, ya zama babban Masu rabuwa a Missouri. Bayan da aka kafa masu tsaron jihar Missouri (MSG) a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1861, Jackson ya nada shi a matsayin Brigadier Janar wanda ke jagorantar ƙungiyar MSG ta 3. Bayan ya jagoranci dakarunsa a kan sojojin Tarayya a yakin Carthage, Missouri a ranar 5 ga Yuli, an kori Clark daga Majalisar Wakilai saboda yaƙi da Amurka. A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa a yakin Wilson's Creek, inda aka ji masa rauni.

Bayan an nada shi a matsayin wakili a Majalisar Tarayyar Tarayyar ta wucin gadi ta gwamnatin Tarayyar Missouri a ƙarshen 1861, Clark ya yi murabus daga kwamishinan soja. An nada shi a Majalisar Dattijai ta Tarayyar Tarayyar Amurka don Majalisar Dattijan Tarayyar Farko, yana aiki daga Fabrairu 1862 zuwa Fabrairu 1874. A lokacin da yake cikin wannan kungiya, ya yi tsayayya da gwamnatin Jefferson Davis a kan wasu batutuwa, amma ya goyi bayan shi a kan wasu. Gwamnan Tarayyar Missouri Thomas Caute Reynolds bai nada shi a karo na biyu na majalisar dattijai ba saboda zargin maye, yaudara, da kuma lalata mata. Bayan kayar da Caspar Wistar Bell a zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya na Majalisa ta Biyu, Clark ya yi aiki a wannan rawar har zuwa Maris 1865. Bayan shan kashi na Confederacy, ya gudu zuwa Mexico, amma an kama shi lokacin da ya dawo Texas a ƙarshen 1865. An sake shi bayan watanni da yawa, kuma ya koma Missouri a 1870, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya har tsawon rayuwarsa. Ɗansa, John Bullock Clark Jr., ya kasance janar a cikin Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a Majalisa ta Amurka.

 Rayuwa ta farko da aikin soja 
An haifi John Bullock Clark a Madison County, Kentucky, a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1802, ɗan Bennett da Martha Clark. Ya kasance dan dan James Clark, gwamnan Kentucky, da kuma dan majalisa Christopher Henderson Clark .  Clark ta yi karatu a makarantun yankin. Iyalin sun koma Yankin Missouri a 1818, kuma Clark ya yi karatun doka. Marubucin Kenneth E. Burchett ya lura cewa ilimin shari'a ya koyar da kansa;  An shigar da shi cikin kotun a 1824 yayin da yake zaune a Fayette, Missouri.  Masanin tarihi Bruce S. Allardice yana magana ne game da shi a matsayin "wani ɗan siyasa da aka haifa". Ya fi tsayi fiye da yawancin takwarorinsa a 6 feet 2  , kuma yana da suna a matsayin mai ba da labari. Clark ya samar da suna mai ban sha'awa saboda halin shari'a; sau ɗaya, ya san cewa an tara shaidar a kan abokin ciniki da yake karewa, sai wani mutum ya zana gundumar tare da korafe-korafe da ke nuna goyon baya ko adawa ga abokin ciniki, har sai an gama Rukunin juriya na gida. Clark ya kasance mai ba da kuɗi na Howard County daga 1823 zuwa 1825, kuma magatakarda na tsarin kotun gundumar daga 1824 zuwa 1834 .  Ya kuma kasance memba na Cocin Methodist; masanin tarihi Christopher Phillips ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai ibada. A shekara ta 1826 ya auri Eleanor Turner. An haifi ɗansu, John Bullock Clark Jr. a shekara ta 1831. 

Clark ya kasance mai aiki a cikin 'Yan bindiga na Missouri .  A cikin 1832, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan Missouri Mounted Volunteers a lokacin Black Hawk War .  Daga 1836 zuwa 1838, Clark ya kasance babban janar a cikin 'yan bindiga na Missouri. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1838, a lokacin Yaƙin Mormon na Missouri, Gwamnan Missouri Lilburn Boggs ya umarci Clark da ya tura sojojin jihar zuwa cikin Daviess County, Missouri, don mayar da martani ga ikirarin zalunci. Kashegari, Boggs ya ba Clark Dokar Kashewa ta Mormon, wanda ya haɗa da sanarwa "Dole ne a bi da Mormons a matsayin abokan gaba, kuma dole ne a hallaka su ko kuma a kore su daga Jiha idan ya cancanta don zaman lafiya na jama'a". Umurnin ya umarci Clark ya matsa tare da dakarun sojoji zuwa Richmond, Missouri, kuma a can "yi aiki da Mormons".

Clark shine kadai mutumin da ya karbi umarnin; ya rarraba kwafinsa ga sauran jami'an da suka dace. Bayan karbar umarnin Kashewa, Clark ya tattara runduna don kaiwa Richmond. David Rice Atchison ya riga ya umurci sojojin Missouri a fagen, amma Boggs ya umarci Clark ya dauki umurni a kan Atchison, wanda ya bar filin. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, Mormons sun mika wuya. Alexander William Doniphan ya ki amincewa da umarni don kashe shugabannin Mormon da aka kama a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba; daga baya majiyoyin Mormon sun yi iƙirarin cewa Clark ya goyi bayan ra'ayin kashe shugabannin Mormon. Rundunar mutane 1,500 ta Clark ta isa Richmond a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, kuma ta tilasta ka'idojin mika wuya. Ya bincika da'awar ta'addanci da aka aikata a lokacin rikici, musamman ta amfani da bayanan da Sampson Avard ya bayar. A sakamakon bincikensa, an kama 'yan Mormon 50. Clark ya yi jawabi ga mazajen Mormon na yankin, ya umarce su daga jihar a farkon 1839. Ya gargadi su kada su taru a cikin rukuni fiye da hudu, ko kuma "yan ƙasa [na Missouri] za su kasance a kan ku kuma su hallaka ku". Masanin tarihi Stephen C. LeSueur ya bayyana jawabin Clark a matsayin wulakanci ga Mormons.

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