Emilia Dilke

Emilia Francis Strong (2 Satumba 1840, Ilfracombe, Devon – 23 Oktoba 1904), wacce aka fi sani da Emilia, Lady Dilke, marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya, masanin tarihin fasaha, mai rajin kare hakkin mata, mai rajin kare haƙƙin jama'a kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin 'yan kasuwa.

 Rayuwar farko da iyali 
An haifi Emilia Francis Strong a shekarar 1840. Ita 'yar jami'ar East India Company ce Henry Strong da matarsa Emily Strong ( née Weedon).  An kira ta da sunanta na tsakiya, tare da rubutun namiji, a lokacin yarinta da ƙuruciyarta.  Sunanta na tsakiya an yi shi ne don girmama uban gidanta.  An rene ta a Iffley, kusa da Oxford, kuma ta sami ilimi daga masu mulki kafin ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta South Kensington da ke Landan a ƙarshen shekarunta.

Ta auri Mark Pattison, shugaban jami'ar Lincoln College, Oxford, a shekarar 1861.  Bayan aurenta an san ta da Francis Pattison, Mrs. Mark Pattison, ko kuma, a wasu littattafanta, a matsayin EFS Pattison.  Ta fi mijinta ƙanƙanta sosai kuma suna da tazara ta shekaru 27.  Dilke ƙawar George Eliot ce ta kud da kud,  kuma aurenta na farko wataƙila an yi amfani da shi azaman abin koyi ga Casaubon's: 

Bayan mutuwar Mark Pattison a shekarar 1884, ta auri ɗan siyasan Radical Liberal Sir Charles Dilke, daga baya aka san ta da Lady Dilke ko Emilia Dilke. Duk aurenta sun kasance batutuwa da aka tattauna a bainar jama'a.

 Sana'a 
Da farko Dilke ta rubuta a matsayin mai nazarin tarihi kan falsafar fasaha,  sannan ta zama mai ba da gudummawa ga Jaridar Saturday Review a 1864. Daga baya kuma ta kasance mai sukar fasaha tsawon shekaru da yawa a cikin mujallar Academy kuma daga 1873 zuwa 1883 aka naɗa ta a matsayin editan fasaha.  Ta kuma buga a cikin wasu mujallu da yawa a Burtaniya da Faransa, kamar Westminster Review . 

Baya ga rubuce-rubuce da dama da aka sanya wa hannu da waɗanda ba a sa hannu ba, da kuma manyan ayyukanta na tarihi na fasaha, ta rubuta muƙaloli kan siyasar Faransa da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙwadago da ayyukan mata. Ta kuma buga muƙaloli biyu na gajerun labarai na allahntaka (mujalla ta uku ta bayyana bayan mutuwarta).

Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin mata da kuma kare haƙƙin mata, wadda Emma Paterson ta kafa kuma daga baya aka fi sani da ƙungiyar ƙungiyar kwadago ta mata (WTUL), tun kusan lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1874. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar WTUL daga 1886 har zuwa rasuwarta a 1904.  Ta goyi bayan dokokin kariya ga mata. 

Dilke ta kuma kasance mai himma a yakin neman zaben mata.  An san ta halarci taron farko na mata na zaɓe a Albert Hall da ke Landan, tare da Millicent Fawcett da Harriet Grote, kuma ta zama sakatariya a reshen Oxford na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Zaɓen Mata . 

'Yar uwarta kuma kawarta, Gertrude Tuckwell ('yar 'yar uwarta Rosa kuma surukinta Reverend William Tuckwell ) sun yi aiki tare da ita sosai a cikin ayyukanta na mata da na ƙungiyoyin kwadago,  daga baya ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama alkali a Landan a shekarar 1919. 

 Ayyuka 
Baya ga labarai da yawa a cikin mujallu, ta buga, a ƙarƙashin sunan Pattison:

 Farfado da Fasaha a Faransa, juzu'i 2. (London, 1879)
 "Sir Frederic Leighton, PRA". A cikin Tarihin Rayuwar Masu Zane-zane na Zamani, wanda Francois G. Dumas ya wallafa (Paris, 1882).
 Claude Lorrain, sa vie and ses oeuvres (Paris, 1884)

A ƙarƙashin sunan Dilke, ta buga littattafai masu zuwa:

 Fasaha a Zamanin Jiha (London, 1888)
 Masu Zane-zanen Faransa na ƙarni na sha takwas (London, 1899)
 Masu Zane-zane da Masu Zane-zane na Faransa na ƙarni na sha takwas (London, 1900)
 Masu sassaka da masu zane na Faransa na ƙarni na 18 (London, 1902)
 Kayan Daki da Kayan Ado na Faransa a Karni na Sha Takwas (1901)
 Wurin Dakin Mutuwa da Sauran Labarai (London, 1886)
 Wurin Dakin Soyayya da Sauran Labarai (London, 1891)
 Littafin Rayuwa ta Ruhaniya, tare da tarihin marubucin (1905) Labarai da kasidu; tarihin rayuwa ta Charles Dilke.
 Ruhin da aka Kora da Sauran Labarai (Littattafan Snuggly, 2016) Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan labaranta.

 Ƙarin karatu 

 Betty Askwith, Lady Dilke: Tarihin Rayuwa (London: Chatto da Windus, 1968) 
 Charles Dilke, "Memoir" na marubucin a cikin Emilia Dilke, Littafin Rayuwa ta Ruhaniya (1905)
 Kali Isra'ila, Sunaye da Labarai: Emilia Dilke da Al'adun Victoria (New York: OUP, 1999) 
 Hilary Fraser, "Emilia Dilke," a cikin Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, editan HCG Matthew da Brian Harrison (Oxford: OUP, 2004)
 Elizabeth Mansfield, "Hukumar Magana: Muƙaloli da Sharhin Farko na Emilia Dilke," Bitar Mujallar Victorian 31: 1 (Bazara 1998): 76-86 

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutuwan  1904