Jeffrey Smart

Frank Jeffrey Edson Smart AO (26 ga Yulin 1921 - 20 ga Yunin 2013) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Australiya wanda aka sani da zane-zane masu kyau na birane waɗanda "cike da ban dariya masu zaman kansu da alamun wasa".

An haifi Smart kuma ya yi karatu a Adelaide inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin fasaha. Bayan ya tashi zuwa Turai a 1948 ya yi karatu a Paris a La Grande Chaumière, sannan daga baya a Académie Montmartre a karkashin Fernand Léger. Ya koma Ostiraliya a 1951, yana zaune a Sydney, kuma ya fara nunawa akai-akai a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1963, ya koma Italiya. Bayan nasarar baje kolin a London, ya sayi dukiyar karkara da ake kira "Posticcia Nuova" kusa da Arezzo a Tuscany. Ya zauna a can tare da abokin aikinsa har zuwa mutuwarsa. Babban bita na ayyukansa ya yi tafiya a kusa da wuraren zane-zane na Australiya 1999-2000.

 Rayuwa 
Jeff Smart, kamar yadda aka fi sani da shi a farkon shekaru talatin na rayuwarsa, an haife shi a Adelaide a shekarar 1921. Ya fara zanawa tun yana ƙarami. "Iyayina za su ba ni manyan takardu, sau da yawa bayan posters ko kalandar ... komai". Ya yi karatu a makarantar Pulteney Grammar School da Unley High School, kuma da farko yana so ya zama masanin gine-gine. Koyaya, bayan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Malamai ta Adelaide da Makarantar Fasaha da Ayyuka ta Kudancin Australia a 1937-1941,  ya koyar da fasaha a makarantu don Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kudanci a 1942-1947.  A farkon shekarun 1940 ya bi mai zane-zane na teku, John Giles, a cikin zanen wuraren masana'antu a Port Adelaide. Ya shiga Royal South Australian Society of Arts a kusa da shekara ta 1941  kuma an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban kasa a shekara ta 1950.  

Smart ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai a 1948, yana karatu a Paris a La Grand Chaumière kuma daga baya a Académie Montmartre a karkashin Fernand Léger . "Yayin da dabarata ta girma, na ga zan iya zana abubuwan da nake so na kallon, waɗancan titunan da ke bayan gidajen birni". A shekara ta 1950 ya zauna a tsibirin Ischia a cikin bayin Naples, inda ya zana tare da Donald Friend, Michael Shannon da Jacqueline Hick.

A shekara ta 1951, ya koma Sydney kuma ya shafe shekaru 2 masu zuwa a matsayin mai sukar fasaha ga jaridar Daily Telegraph (1952-54), abokin zane-zane da ake kira "Phidias" don shirin rediyo na yara na ABC The Argonauts, da kuma malamin zane a Makarantar Fasaha ta Kasa (1956-62). Daga 1956 zuwa 1962, ya kuma gabatar a ABC TV's Children's Hour.[1] Smart ya kuma yi aiki da Makarantar Sarki, Parramatta a 1954-56 a matsayin malamin fasaha, yana bin Jean Bellette (wanda aka sani a can da Mrs Haefliger) da John Passmore . Ya nuna a duk wannan lokacin a Macquarie Galleries.

Smart ya bar Ostiraliya zuwa London a kan Castel Felice daga Sydney jim kadan bayan Kirsimeti 1963, yana tuki zuwa Girka tare da ɗan'uwansa mai zane Justin O'Brien .  A shekara ta 1965 ya koma Italiya, kuma ya zauna a can har tsawon rayuwarsa, game da kansa a matsayin "Australian da ke zaune a kasashen waje" kuma yana dauke da fasfo na Australiya. An kammala aikinsa na ƙarshe, Labyrinth, a cikin 2011, a wannan lokacin ya sanar da ritayar sa.

 Tasiri 
Hotunan Smart na iya zama kamar suna ziyartar wani yanki na fasaha wanda ba a taɓa shi ba, amma wasu masu zane-zane da siffofin fasaha sun rinjaye shi, musamman daga tsohuwar fasahar gargajiya ta hanyar tafiye-tafiyensa. Sha'awar gine-gine ya kai Smart zuwa Masar, Girka, Turkiyya, Italiya da Yemen. Wannan tafiyar Bahar Rum ta haifar da sayen wani gida mai shekaru ɗari uku a Arezzo, Italiya inda ya zauna har tsawon rayuwarsa. A zahiri, koyaushe burin farko ne ga Smart shine ya zama masanin gine-gine; an horar da shi a matsayin mai zane-zane kuma wani lokacin yana ɗaukar kansa a wasu hanyoyi masanin gine'a mai takaici.

Piero della Francesca, mai zane-zane na Renaissance kuma masanin lissafi, yana ɗaya daga cikin tasirin gargajiya akan aikin Smart. Smart ya ce ganin ayyukan Piero "kamar fada cikin soyayya". Abin da ya fi so a cikin zane-zanen Piero shine The Flagellation of Christ . Ya raba tare da Piero, ban da lissafi da abun da ke ciki, girman sararin samaniya da 'rashin magana' da aka samu a kowane aikin su. Har ila yau, mai zane-zane na Renaissance Dutch Rogier van der Weyden ya rinjaye shi. Duk da ganewar Smart tare da tsohuwar fasaha da gine-gine na lokacin Renaissance, yana son a gane shi a matsayin mai zane-zane na zamani, ba 'mai farfadowa na gargajiya ba'.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921