Anne Mackenzie (marubuciya)

Anne Mackenzie (13 ga Agusta 1818 - 13 ga Fabrairu 1877) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya a ƙarni na 19. Ta shafe lokaci tana koyarwa a makarantun mishan a Afirka ta Kudu kafin ta shiga Zambesi Mission of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, wanda ɗan'uwanta, Charles, ya jagoranta. Bayan rasuwarsa, ta koma Ingila, inda ta shirya mujallar mishan ta wata-wata mai suna The Net Cast in Many Waters: Sketches from the Life of Missionaries wadda Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) ta buga a Landan, daga 1866 zuwa 1896. Wannan yana da sha'awa ta musamman ga mishan a Zululand, amma kuma ya shafi wasu mishan na Anglican, musamman waɗanda SPG ke gudanarwa.  Tana aiki tare da kuma ga ɗan'uwanta, da farko a Durban sannan kuma a tashar Umhlali, Anne ta ƙara girma cikin ruhinsa na sadaukar da kai. Shekarun da ta yi tana taimaka wa ayyukansa a tsakanin Nguni da 'yan mulkin mallaka su ne mafi farin ciki a rayuwarta, kodayake ta gaji. 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Anne Mackenzie a Scotland a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1818. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan iyalan Colin Mackenzie na Portmore, wani lauya ɗan ƙasar Scotland, wanda ya kafa banki wanda yanzu shine Bankin Ƙasa na Scotland ; da matarsa, Elizabeth, 'yar Sir William Forbes, Baronet na 6. Akwai 'yan'uwa da yawa a cikin iyalin kuma waɗannan sun haɗa da: Alexander (ya mutu tun yana ƙarami), Alexander, William Forbes, Colin, James Hay, John (ya zama Ma'ajin Bankin Scotland  ), Sutherland, George, Charles, Elizabeth, Katharine, Jane, Louisa, da Alice. 

Gida ne mai farin ciki, amma ba na alfarma ba. Da yake akwai iyali mai yawa, ana buƙatar tanadin kuɗi, kuma a cikin ƙaramin gidan da ke Harcus a Peeblesshire, ana tattara yaran a wuri ɗaya, kuma ana renon su da wahala, ba tare da kafet na ɗakin kwana, ruwan zafi, ko kuma bayi da yawa da za su yi musu hidima ba. Kullum suna da kirki sosai a hanyoyinsu, suna kula da bayinsu, da kuma talakawan da ke kewaye. Bayan sun yanke shawara, Episcopalians sun shiga cikin ginin ƙaramin coci kusa da gidansu, amma a rayuwa ta gaba, Anne ta ji cewa tana shakkar ko akwai addini na gaske a tsakanin yaran.— "Ina tsammanin ya ƙunshi tunaninmu na fifita maƙwabtanmu na Presbyterian". 

Bayan rasuwar mahaifin a shekarar 1830,  dukkan iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Edinburgh, suka zauna tsawon shekaru a gida ɗaya a ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da ke cikin gari mai natsuwa. A nan, 'yan'uwan mata suka ci gaba da karatunsu gwargwadon iyawarsu. A wannan lokacin Anne tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, kuma ana tsammanin ba ta makaranta ba, amma koyaushe tana da sha'awar koyo, kuma daga ƙaramin kuɗinta, ta sami damar ɗaukar darussa da halartar azuzuwa, da kuma haɓaka ƙaunarta ga kiɗa ta hanyar zuwa kade-kade. Tana da baiwa ta musamman ga kiɗa, kuzari mai yawa, da kuma ra'ayoyi masu yanke shawara da ra'ayoyi, amma lafiya mai rauni. 

Mutuwar Mrs. Mackenzie a shekarar 1852, "Colin Mackenzie, 2nd of Portmore, W.S. Male 1770 - 1830 (60 years)". clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info. Retrieved 4 April 2020. ta bar Anne ba tare da zama a gida ba.  Tana zaune galibi a gidajen kwana, wani lokacin a bakin teku, wani lokacin a Edinburgh, tare da mai aikinta. Ba ta da ƙarfin yin aiki mai kyau a cikin iyali, kamar yadda 'yar uwarta mara aure ta yi, kuma aikinta kawai shine karanta kowane littafi da ya zo mata. Ba ta da alama ana son ta musamman a ko'ina. Ra'ayoyinta sun dace su sa ta yi kama da mai tsauri, don haka ba ta kasance sanannen hali ba.  Ba ta da ƙarfi, yanayin Scotland ya yi wa Anne wahala a lokacin hunturu; lokacin da a watan Disamba na 1854, ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta, Charles, ya karɓi Archdeaconry na Pietermaritzburg, ya ba Anne shawarar ta fita tare da shi.  A yi mata maraba da kyau da kuma raba gidan ɗan'uwanta ya yi wa Anne daɗi, amma ba ta yi irin sha'awar ɗan'uwanta ga aikin Mishan ba, tana mai imanin cewa sana'ar mutum ce. 

 Sana'a 

 Natal 
A ranar 7 ga Maris 1855, ƙungiyar 'yan mishan ta mutane 44 ta shiga jirgin ruwa mai suna Jane Morice, a Liverpool, kuma an ga yankin Natal a ranar 19 ga Mayu.  Sun shafe mako guda a Durban kafin a umarce su da su tafi Pietermaritzburg, babban garin yankin da kuma hedikwatar gwamnati, kimanin mil 52. Lokacin da Bishop ya yanke shawarar cewa ana buƙatar Charles a Durban,  suka koma can.

Anne da Charles sun kawo wata mai aikin gida 'yar Ingila, Jessie,  tare da su, kuma suna da maza uku "Kafirci", ɗaya don kula da dawakai, ɗaya don yin aikin gida, ɗayan kuma don yin aiki a ɗakin girki.  Anne ta ji kunyar wahalar da take sha wajen jure abubuwa da yawa da sauran mata a yankin suka ɗauka a matsayin al'amari, amma ba mai ikirarin zama mai wa'azi ba ce; ta zo Natal ne don lafiyarta. Tana da shekaru 42, ta sami kanta ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin mutane a yankin.  Amma bayan ta fahimci cewa tana kan wani lokaci na canji a rayuwarta, ta yanke shawarar kin zama "mai wahala" kuma ta zama "mai aikatawa". Ta kula da gidan ɗan'uwanta sosai, kuma ta sami hanyoyin taimakawa duk inda za ta iya a cikin buƙatun ƙaramin yankin. Ta shawo kan nisantarta daga mutanen Afirka gabaɗaya, amma sha'awarta ta musamman ita ce 'yan matan Ingila, waɗanda ta ji ta fahimta kuma ta tausaya musu. Makarantar 'ya'yan 'yan mulkin mallaka da suka taru a kusa da ita da ɗan'uwanta da 'yar'uwarta a tashar Umhlali abin sha'awa ne mai girma da kuma ƙoƙari mai wahala. 

Charles da Anne sun zama abokai da masu wa'azin bishara, Rev. da Mrs. Robertson. Bayan Gwamnati ta bayar da eka 500 na ƙasa a bakin teku don gina tashar mishan, kimanin  nesa da su, mutanen Robertsons sun ƙaura nan take.  Bayan haka, ban da aikinsu na gaggawa, Charles da Anne sun ba wa Ekufundisweni sha'awa sosai, wanda aka fi sani da Tashar Umlazi,  wanda Robertsons suka gudanar a Umlazi, waɗanda cikakkun bayanai suka haɗa a cikin Rayuwar Henrietta Robertson .  Zuwa Janairu 1857, Charles ba shi ne Shugaban Durban ba don haka har sai da aka yanke shawara game da inda zai zauna a gaba, Anne ta koma tashar Umlazi. 

A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, Charles ya ba da labarin cewa zai jagoranci Ofishin Jakadancin da ke Umhlali, wanda aka yaba da shi a matsayin kyakkyawan sauyi.  A watan Yuni, Charles da Anne sun haɗu da wata 'yar'uwa, Alice.  Tashar Umhlali tana da nisan  daga inda tashar Umlazi take,  a gefen Durban, kuma akwai wasu wurare da yawa a arewa. Gundumar Umhlali ko cocin ta kasance babba, tare da ƙananan majami'u da yawa da suka watse. Dole ne a gina tashar kafin 'yan'uwa mata su shiga aikinsu. Tana tsaye a kan wani fili mai duhu, mara hayaniya, nesa da itace, ruwa, daji, da tuddai, tare da hazo mai sanyi da rana mai zafi. Duk da haka, wurin yana da daraja ta kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya, kuma rashin lafiya a sansanin kusa da shi ba kasafai yake faruwa ba. Gidan bai da daɗi sosai, ko kuma ba ya shiga ruwa. Ya ƙunshi dogon ɗaki da ake amfani da shi azaman coci a ranakun Lahadi, ɗakin zama, da ƙananan ɗakuna ɗaya ko biyu na baranda inda Anne da mai hidimar Ingila ke kwana, Charles da Alice suna da bukkoki daban-daban don ɗakunan kwana. Charles da 'yan'uwansa mata sun buɗe makaranta ga yaran Turai, waɗanda akwai da yawa a kusa, suna farin cikin samun damar koyarwa.  Bayan gobara a gidansu, 'yan Mackenzies sun zauna a cikin bukkoki da tanti na tsawon watanni da yawa. Sau da yawa Anne tana kwance a gado tana fama da ciwon kai mai kama da na makanta, duk da haka, ba ta ba da uzuri ga kanta ba saboda wannan dalili. Ta san kanta tana bayan wasu cikin ɗumi da himma, kuma tana tsoron cutar da "Kafirai" ta hanyar koyarwa ko kuma ta hanyar rashin cikas. Duk da cewa babu gidan karatu, ba a daina ba kuma aikin da aka saba yi ya ci gaba, sai dai a ƙarƙashin matsaloli na musamman. 

A farkon shekarar 1858, Mackenzies suka ƙaura zuwa Seaforth, sabon gidansu da aka gina, wanda zai zama na ƙarshe a Natal.  A lokacin Kirsimeti, babbar 'yar'uwarsu, Elizabeth, ta mutu. 

 Ingila 
A watan Yulin 1859, Charles da Anne suka tafi Ingila, inda aka tura shi don yin shawarwari kan tsawaita aikin Mishan fiye da iyakar Birtaniya. Charles ya bayyana wa abokansa cewa bai san ko cikin 'yan watanni ya kamata ya koma cocinsa da ke Umhlali ba, ko kuma a buƙaci ya jagoranci Sabuwar Mishan a Zululand. Ya ba da hidimarsa ga SPG a matsayin Wakili don yin jawabi a tarurrukan mishan kuma har tsawon sauran shekara, ya yi aiki a SPG. 

A lokacin taron jama'a da aka yi a Ingila, Anne ta yi abokai da yawa. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1859, aka yanke shawarar bayar da shugabancin Ofishin Jakadancin Tsakiyar Afirka ga Charles,  wanda Dr. David Livingstone ya nema a Afirka ta Tsakiya . Yayin da Anne ta tsaya a Ingila, Charles ya shafe mafi yawan shekarar 1860 yana yawo a karkarar sabuwar ofishin don ya saba da yankin da ba a taɓa bincika ba. 

 Garin Cape Town 
Anne tana tare da Charles a Cathedral na Canterbury a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1860, inda ya yi wa'azin bankwana. Washegari, suka tashi zuwa Southampton, sannan suka tafi Cape Town tare da ƙungiyar Mission, waɗanda suka haɗa da malamai biyu, Mr. Procter da Mr. Scudamore; Mr. Waller, Babban Sufeton 'Yan Sanda, wanda shi ma likita ne; Gamble, kafinta, da Adams, ma'aikaci.  A can, za a naɗa Charles Bishop na sabon diocese . Anne ta san cewa rayuwa za ta fi wahala fiye da duk abin da suka yi a Natal, amma ta yi tunanin za ta iya jurewa.  A kan tafiyar, sun yi ƙoƙarin yin nazarin yaren Sechuana, wanda aka yi tunanin zai iya zama da amfani a ƙasar da za su je, amma ba aiki mai gamsarwa ba ne domin ba su da littattafai masu kyau. Sun san cewa damar yin amfani da shi ƙanƙanta ne domin ba yaren da ake magana da shi a ko'ina kusa da Kogin Zambesi ba ne, inda za su je; Yaren Afirka ne kawai sanannen harshe wanda duk wani ɗan asalin yankin zai iya sani, kamar yadda ɗan Ingilishi zai iya fahimtar Faransanci ko Jamusanci.  Alice, wacce har yanzu tana aiki a Natal, za ta yi sha'awar shiga ƙungiyar Zambesi, kuma ta shirya yin hakan, amma da yake babu ɗayan 'yar'uwa da zai iya zuwa can nan take, Alice ba ta bar aikinta nan take a tsakanin Kafirai ba. 

Tawagar masu wa'azin ta isa Cape Town a tsakiyar watan Nuwamba na 1860, kuma an keɓe Charles a matsayin Bishop a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1861.  A Cape Town, an bar Anne a matsayin baƙon Bishop Robert Gray, yayin da ɗan'uwanta da majagaba na tafiyar suka ci gaba a HMS Lyra, wanda Kyaftin RB Oldfield ke jagoranta. 
Tafiyar ɗan'uwanta ta mamaye Anne na ɗan lokaci, amma ba ta kasance wacce za ta sadaukar da kanta ga baƙin ciki ko rashin aiki ba. Ita ce baƙon Bishop Gray, kuma a lokacin jira da ya wuce kafin ɗan'uwanta ya karɓe ta a Zambesi, ta mai da kanta mai amfani a makarantu, kuma tana sha'awar wasu rassan ayyukan cocin da ake yi a Cape. Tana da kusan shekara ɗaya da za ta cika domin ba sai a watan Disamba na 1861 ba, ta fara a tashar jirgin ruwa, Hetty Ellen, don Zambesi. Henry de Wint Burrup, ɗaya daga cikin malaman cocin Mission, ya kawo sabuwar matarsa matashiya zuwa Cape 'yan watanni da suka gabata, kuma za ta zama abokiyar Anne har abada. Mrs. Livingstone ita ma tana cikin waɗanda suka halarci bikin, a kan hanyarta ta zuwa wurin mijinta a bakin kogin; kuma Jessie, ma'aikaciyar Ingila, wacce ta yi kyau a Natal, ta nuna tana son fuskantar manyan wahalhalun Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma tana tare da uwargijinta. Anne ta san bai kamata ta iya tafiya ba, kuma mummunan ƙudajen tsetse yana kashe duk dawakan da suka yi kaura zuwa wannan yanki; amma ta samar wa kanta da jaki mai suna "Katie", kuma hakan ma yana cikin ƙaramin jirgin ruwa mai cike da jama'a. Wani dalili kuma na cunkoson da ke cikin jirgin shine Hetty Ellen tana fitar da ƙaramin jirgin ruwa mai suna Lady Nyassa, wanda ake fatan Dr. Livingstone zai iya hawa koguna fiye da yadda zai yiwu a cikin Pioneer . 
Kimanin wata guda bayan barin Cape, sun fuskanci mummunan yanayi da kuma tafiya mara daɗi a kan Hetty Ellen, wadda take cikin mummunan yanayi. Sun isa bakin kogin a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1862 da kuma Mozambique a ranar 21 ga Janairu. A nan, sun haɗu da HMS <i id="mwAQA">Gorgon</i>, wanda Kyaftin Wilson ke jagoranta. Ya ɗauki Anne da Mrs. Burrup a cikin jirginsa, kuma tare da Hetty Ellen a cikin jirgin, suka yi tafiya zuwa Kongone, babban kamfanin rarrabawa na Lower Zambezi, a ranar 22 ga Janairu. Da yake teku ta yi shiru a karo na gaba, Anne da Mrs. Burrup suka fara yin wurin zama na sanda, sai Anne ta fara kwafi kalmomin Mozambique. Wilson ya kai su bakin kogin inda, bisa ga alƙawari, Bishop da Mr. Burrup za su haɗu da su a cikin Pioneer, tare da Livingstone, kuma suka kai su kogin zuwa tashar da ke Magomero . Amma a ranar 31 ga Janairu Livingstone ne kawai ke wurin, kuma ya bayyana matsayin ƙungiyar Mission gwargwadon yadda ya sani.  A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu Anne da abokan tafiyarta suka shiga jirgin Pioneer kafin Anne da Mrs. Burrup su tafi wurin aikin Kyaftin Wilson. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu suka fara tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa a buɗe. Lokacin da suka isa wurin da aka tsara tare da Charles, Anne ta suma, ta yi rashin lafiya da zazzabi.  Suna cikin azaba da sauro kuma suna fama da zazzabi mai tsanani, sun isa wurin saukar jirgin sai suka ji labarin mutuwar Bishop da Mr. Burrup, tsohon a Tsibirin Malo, wanda suka rasu a hanya, a wurin haɗuwar Ruo da Shire . Anne ta tsaya a Chibisas, ba ta da ƙarfin rakiyar waɗanda suka je ziyartar kabarin Charles suka yi masa alama da giciye. Bayan haka, rayuwarta ta kasance kamar bazawara.  Anne da sauran suka bar Chibisas a cikin Pioneer, kuma a ranar 2 ga Afrilu suka ƙaura zuwa Gorgon kafin su sauka a Cape Town a ƙarshen wata. 

 Net 
Lokacin da ta isa Cape Town, Bishop Gray da matarsa suka karɓe ta suka kuma yi mata jinya. Da farko, Anne ta so ta daɗe a can, amma Bishop ɗin ya shawarce ta da ta koma gida, aƙalla na ɗan lokaci, ta ci gaba da rayuwarta. Duk da cewa ta yi rauni a jiki, ta isa gidan ɗan'uwanta da ke Edinburgh, har yanzu tana fama da zazzabin Afirka, kuma tana da rauni sosai har ba za a iya kai ta sama ba. A hankali ta murmure daga lafiyarta, Anne ta ga sanyin hunturu na Scotland ya yi mata wahala, don haka ta gyara gidanta a Havant, a kudancin Hampshire, kuma ta yi yawancin lokacin bazara tana ziyartar abokai, duk da haka, koyaushe, tana fama da sanyi, gajiya, ko farin ciki. 

Manufarta ita ce ta girmama tunawa da ɗan'uwanta ta yadda zai so, don haka lokacin da magajinsa, Bishop William Tozer, ya ayyana cewa Ofishin Jakadancin Zambesi ba zai yiwu ba, sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Zanzibar, ta ƙara himma wajen ci gaba da aikin Mr. da Mrs. Robertson, waɗanda, a shekarar 1860, suka buɗe sabon tushe, suka fara aikin Jakadanci a ƙasar Zulu mai zaman kanta bayan Tugela . Wannan fili ne da Bishop Gray da ɗan'uwanta suka daɗe suna tunanin mafi kyau, kuma mafi kyawun hanyar isa Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma ta himmatu wajen mai da shi abin tunawa ga ɗan'uwanta, a matsayin Ofishin Jakadancin Mackenzie. 

Aikinta na farko shi ne neman abokan aiki, da kuma aika duk abubuwan da za ta iya buƙata da jin daɗin da za ta iya samu. Wasikun da aka kwafa aka kuma ba da aro, sun bayyana labarinsu, kuma duk inda Anne ta je, ta sami hanyar da za ta tada sha'awar abokanta. Mista da Misis John Keble musamman sun ba da gudummawa sosai wajen gina Cocin Mission, kuma sun ba da karusa ga tafiye-tafiyen Afirka. A tsakiyar waɗannan ƙoƙarin ne aka sami labarin mutuwar Mrs. Robertson ta hanyar haɗari da ya shafi karusa. Wannan ya sa Anne ta tattara wasiƙun da aka rubuta a Umlazi da Kwamagwaza a cikin wani littafi mai suna Life of Henrietta Robertson, wanda ya ba da mafi kyawun fahimta game da abubuwan da suka faru na aikin mishan ta matar limamin sansanin Fort-Etchowe, da kuma halin Kafir. 

Littafin ya jawo sha'awar Mission sosai, kuma fatan cewa wannan ba zai ƙare ba ya sa Anne ta zama editan wani ƙaramin mujallar mishan mai suna The Net, Cast in Many Waters; Sketches from the Life of Missionaries, ko kuma kawai The Net, wanda zai ba da labarin aikin da ake yi a can da kuma wasu wurare. Daga Cape, Melanesia, Honolulu, Indiya, da Madagascar, ta sami wasiƙu masu sauƙi da ban sha'awa, kuma ta hanyar The Net, ta nemi kuma ta sami kuɗi don manufofin Mission.  Daga 1866 zuwa 1896, Anne ta yi aiki a matsayin editan The Net, da tarin littattafanta. SPG ne ya buga shi a Landan.  Abokai daban-daban sun ɗauki nauyin karɓar biyan kuɗi don dalilai na musamman, ko kuma aiki, littattafai, da kayan daki na coci. An ba da samfuran irin tufafin da ake buƙata, da kuma alamun abin da ake buƙata ga ɗaliban mulkin mallaka ko 'yan asalin ƙasar, ko dangin mishan.  Bayan da The Net ta kasance tsawon shekara guda, rashin lafiyarta, ya sa ta yi shakku na ɗan lokaci ko za a iya ci gaba da mujallar. Tsawon shekaru da yawa, wani ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, wanda yake da tausayi kamar kansa, bai iya zama a Scotland ba, ya raba gidanta, kuma a wani ɓangare, aikinsa. 

Tarin kayan aikin Mackenzie Mission ya isa ga harsashin Bishop, aikin da ba shi da misali wanda mace ɗaya tilo wadda ba ta da wadata a cikin ƙoshin lafiya ta yi. Kwarewarta ta sirri ta ba ta damar fahimtar mafi kyawun hanyoyin taimaka wa masu wa'azi, ba kawai a cikin aikinsu ba, har ma da buƙatunsu na kashin kai -- na ilimi ga 'ya'yansu, littattafai, takardu, duk abin da zai iya inganta rayuwa sau da yawa wahala da kaɗaici. An yi maraba da fakitin nata sosai. Zuwa wani wuri, ta aika da zane na bagadi ; ga diakon Melanesian, agogo; zuwa Cape Town, guntun riguna da matan 'yan mulkin mallaka za su saya; zuwa Indiya, kayayyaki daban-daban na bishiyoyin Kirsimeti ; ga matar mai wa'azi, tufafin jarirai; ga wani, kyaututtuka ga sarakuna. Ga wasu, ta zama mai ba da shawara ko hanyar samun shawara kan al'amuran tarbiyyar coci da koyarwarta, yayin da ga malamai ko 'yan'uwa mata masu barin aiki, ta kasance mai ba da shawara mai tausayi, mai iya shirya su don abubuwan da ba a zato ba ko kuma ta zaburar da su ta hanyar misalin ibadarta.

Shekara guda, lokacin da take hutun hunturu a Roma, ta yi wa Limamin Ingila hidima, sai ya tara mata ajin 'ya'yan Turawan da ke aiki a can waɗanda ba su da isassun koyarwar addini. Duk inda take zama a Ingila, tana son a yi musu ajin makarantar Lahadi. Takan ba su darasin addininsu, sannan ta fito da hotunanta ta ba su labarin Natal da Kafirai. Don haka rayuwarta ta ci gaba har sai da ta cika shekaru goma sha biyar ba tare da "Charlie" ba.  

 Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa 
A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta, Anne dole ta yi abin da wataƙila ya zama mafi wahala a rayuwarta ta sadaukar da kai, wato ta yi murabus don ganin aikin Zululand bai yi nasara bisa ga burinta ba, kuma abokinta Mr. Robertson bai yarda da Bishop ba. A farkon 1877, sau da yawa tana rashin lafiya, tare da kwanaki na rashin natsuwa, zafi, da rashin jin daɗi. A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu ta yi magana da kalmomin ƙarshe da suka haɗa.  Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1877. 

 Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka 

 Rayuwar Mishan tsakanin Zulu-Kafir. Tunawa da Henrietta Robertson ... An tattara galibi daga wasiƙu da mujallu da aka rubuta wa marigayi Bishop Mackenzie da 'yan uwansa mata. An gyara ta Anne Mackenzie. Da taswira, da sauransu, 1866

 Duba kuma 

 Cocin All Rayuka, Umhlali

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba