Georg Thomas Sabler

Georg Thomas Sabler (Rashanci: Его́р Его́рович Са́блер ko Георг Заблер, Lithuanian: Georgas Tomas Sableris; 30 Afrilu [O.S. 18 Afrilu]  1810 - 7 Disamba 1865 asalin Jamusanci) yankunan Estonia na zamani, Lithuania,  Ukraine, da kuma Rasha (sa'an nan duk wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire).

Ɗalibi ne na Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, Sabler ya yi karatun tauhidin da lissafi a Jami'ar Tartu . Da yake sha'awar laccocin Struve na ilimin taurari, Sabler ya shiga cikin wani balaguro wanda ya auna bambancin matakan teku a cikin Tekun Baƙi da Tekun Caspian. Sabler ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin taurari a Tartu Observatory da Pulkovo Observatory, kuma daga baya ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Astronomical ta Jami'ar Vilnius, wanda ya sami nasa hoton hoto saboda kokarin Sabler. Na'urar daukar hoto ita ce ta biyu da aka samar a duniya. Sabler da mataimakinsa Matvey Gusev sun fara daukar hoto da bincike kan sunspots.

An bayyana shi a matsayin "mai kirkirar kuma mai gabatarwa na sabon binciken astrophysical a wurin lura da Vilnius". Sabler ya kuma gina kundin taurari, ya kula da hanyoyin lura, kuma ya gina kayan aikin astronomical daban-daban kamar ruwan tabarau. Musamman, Sabler ya shiga cikin tantance Struve Geodetic Arc a Finland, Lithuania, Ukraine, da Bessarabiya. Sabler shine na farko da ya sami hanyar tantance kusurwar refraction a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu gaskiya.

 Rayuwa ta farko da karatu 
An haifi Georg Thomas Sabler a ranar 30 ga Afrilu [ ]  a Haljala, yanzu wani ɓangare na Lääne-Viru County, Estonia. Mahaifinsa, Georg Christian Sabler (1776-1819), fasto ne na Lutheran .  Da farko, Sabler ya yi karatu a asirce. Daga baya, Sabler ta kammala karatu daga gidan wasan motsa jiki na Tartu Evangelical Cathedral. Sabler ta yi karatun tauhidin (1828-1832) da lissafi (1832-1839) a Jami'ar Tartu . Ya ci gaba da sha'awar kimiyyar halitta, musamman a cikin ilimin taurari, wanda Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve ya ba da lacca. A lokacin karatunsa, Sabler ya shiga cikin binciken taurari, musamman na taurari biyu. An buga wasu ayyukansa a cikin jaridar kimiyya. Don iyawarsa ta kimiyya, von Struve ya tabbatar da cewa Sabler ya fara aiki a Tartu Observatory a matsayin mataimakin darektan har zuwa 1839.

A cikin 1836-1837 Sabler ya shiga cikin wani balaguro wanda ya ƙayyade bambancin tsakanin matakan teku na Tekun Black da Tekun Caspian. Ya kuma shirya kayan da aka tattara a lokacin balaguron kuma ya buga shi a cikin Jamusanci a ƙarƙashin taken "Beschreibung der zur Ermittelung des Höhenunterschiedes zwischen dem Schwarzen und dem Caspischen Meere... in den Jahren 1836 und 1837 von Gr. Fuss, A. Sawitsch und G. Sablerellt Messungen... zusammengest von G. Sablers. Sabler. Don aikinsa, wanda ya rubuta game da shi a 1839, ya sami digiri na digiri, kuma daga baya ya kammala a wannan shekarar.

 Masanin taurari 
Daga 1839 zuwa 1854 Sabler ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kuma babban masanin taurari a Pulkovo Observatory kusa da St. Petersburg, inda Struve ya kasance darektan. Da yake shiga cikin binciken astronomical, an ba Sabler aikin auna ainihin ma'aunin taurari ta amfani da babban da'irar meridian. Daga 1844 zuwa 1853, Sabler da Carl Friedrich Tenner sun shiga cikin gina Struve Geodetic Arc a cikin Finland na zamani, Bessarabiya, da Ukraine. A Ukraine, musamman Gundumar Khotynsky, masana kimiyya sun zaɓi tsaunuka masu tsawo na yankin, waɗanda ke kusa da ƙauyukan Romankivtsi, Shebutyntsi, Selishche, da Hrubno. Sabler ya zauna a Romankivtsi sama da mako guda. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin sanarwar Imperial Russian Geographical Society, mujallar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kasa, da sauransu.

Sabler ya kuma shiga cikin auna bambancin tsawon tsakanin Pulkovo Observatory da Altona Observatory .  A lokacinsa na kyauta, Sabler ya goge ruwan tabarau, ya sami nasarar yin ruwan tabarau na achromatic mai inganci ta amfani da tabarau biyu na gilashin kambi tsakanin wanda ya shimfiɗa ruwa mai haske tare da ƙimar warwatsawa da haske. An bayyana ruwan tabarau a cikin takardar labarai ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg. Ɗaya daga cikin ruwan tabarau na Sabler ya tsira har zuwa yau kuma nune-nunen ne a Gidan Tarihin Kimiyya na Jami'ar Vilnius . 

 Ayyuka a Vilnius 
Bayan ya zo Vilnius, Sabler ya ƙayyade matsayin ƙasa na ɗaya daga cikin maki da aka yi amfani da su don auna Struve Geodetic Arc kusa da ƙauyen Nemėžis .  Daga 1854 zuwa 1865, Sabler ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Astronomical ta Jami'ar Vilnius. Sabler ya aika da mataimakinsa kuma ɗan'uwansa masanin taurari Matvey Gusev don yin horo zuwa Ingila a 1858-1860, inda suka koyi game da kayan aikin daukar hoto a cikin ilimin taurari a Kew Observatory, wanda masanin tauraron dan adam Warren De la Rue ya fara. A ranar 19 ga Afrilu 1861, Sabler ya halarci taron da aka shirya ta sashen kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg a Pulkovo. A cikin taron, Sabler ya yi jayayya cewa cibiyar kula da jami'ar tana buƙatar na'urar daukar hoto ta Hasken rana, yana jaddada cewa cibiyar ta kamata ta jagoranci duk kokarin binciken astrophysics na sunspots da star photometry maimakon astrometry na gargajiya.

A cikin 1862-1864, yayin da yake a Biritaniya, Sabler ya lura da ci gaban na'urar daukar hoto ta hasken rana. Ya sami nasarar ba da umarni ga ɗaya daga cikin telescopes na hasken rana bayan tattaunawa da John Henry Dallmeyer  da izini daga Struve. A cikin 1864, cibiyar lura da Vilnius ta sami nasarar karɓar na'urar hasken rana kuma ta samar da ɗaya daga cikin hotuna na farko na sunspots. Za a lalata na'urar a cikin wuta a cikin 1876. Sabler ya yi amfani da hanyar rufe farantin hoto tare da collodion, wanda shine hanyar da aka kirkira a 1850. Da farko, za a cika gilashin da maganin nitrocellulose wanda aka wadata da iodides da bromides kuma ya bushe. Kafin daukar hoto, farantin zai kara karfafawa ta hanyar tsoma shi cikin maganin nitrate na azurfa da iodide na azurfurwa. Dole ne a fallasa farantin daukar hoto da aka shirya na minti 10 ko 15 kuma a haɓaka nan da nan.

Kafa sabon na'urar daukar hoto ta hasken rana yana nufin sake gina hasumiyoyin masu lura da hasumiya. Koyaya, yayin da Sabler ya ƙara rashin lafiya, ya sanya Gusev da alhakin ci gaba da ayyukansa. Sabler ya yi tafiya zuwa St. Petersburg don magani, bayan haka ya zama mara lafiya, amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci. A cikin kaka na shekara ta 1865 cutar, wacce ta kasance Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa, ta fara ci gaba da sauri. Sabler ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin observatory da Gusev da Pyotr Smyslov.

 Mutuwa 
Sabler ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Disamba 1865 a Vilnius .  An binne shi a Kabari na Lutheran na Vilnius. An lalata kabarin a lokacin da Soviet ta mamaye Lithuania.

 Tunawa 
An gano wani abin tunawa a ƙauyensa na Haljala a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1991. 

 Manazarta 

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