Maryamu Antoinette

Marie Antoinette (/ˌæntwəˈnɛt, ˌɒ̃t-/;   [maʁi ɑ̃twanɛt] i; Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna; 2 ga Nuwamba 1755 - 16 ga Oktoba 1793) ta kasance sarauniya ta Faransa har zuwa faduwar mulkin mallaka da kuma kisa a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa . Ita ce matar Sarki Louis na sha shida. 

An haife ta a matsayin archduchess ta ƙasar Ostiriya, ita ce ɗiya ta ƙarshe kuma ƙarama 'yar Sarauniya Maria Theresa da Sarki Francis na ɗaya na Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki . Ta auri Louis Auguste, Dauphin na Faransa, a watan Mayu na shekarar 1770 tana da shekaru 14, ta zama Dauphine na Faransa . A ranar 10 ga Mayu na shekarar 1774, mijinta ya hau karagar mulki a matsayin sarki, kuma ta zama sarauniya.

A matsayinta na sarauniya, Marie Antoinette ta ƙara zama abin zargi daga masu adawa da manufofin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje na Louis XVI da kuma waɗanda  adawa da masarautar gabaɗaya. ta zarge ta da yin lalata,  karuwanci, tana da 'ya'ya marasa aure, da kuma tausaya wa waɗanda ake ganin abokan gaba ne na Faransa, ciki har da ƙasarta ta asali Austria . An zarge ta da zambatar masu yin kayan ado na Crown a cikin Al'amarin Diamond Necklace, amma zarge-zargen har yanzu sun lalata mata suna. A lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa, an san ta da  saboda matsalar kuɗi da ƙasar ta fuskanta an ɗora mata alhakin kashe kuɗi mai yawa da kuma adawarta da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da kuɗi da  ta gabatar da kuma Jacques Necker .

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 Rayuwar Farko (1755–1770) 
An haifi Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1755 a Fadar Hofburg da ke Vienna, Archduchy na Austria. . Ita ce ƙaramar 'ya kuma 'ya ta 15 ga Sarauniya Maria Theresa, mai mulkin masarautar Habsburg, da mijinta Francis I, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki . . Maria Theresa ta haifi dukkan 'ya'yanta na baya ba tare da wata matsala ba. A lokacin haihuwar 'yarta ta ƙarshe, akwai matsaloli masu yawa, kuma likitoci suna fargabar rayuwar mahaifiyar. Iyayenta su ne Joseph I da Mariana Victoria, sarki kuma sarauniyar Portugal; Archduke Joseph da Archduchess Maria Anna sun yi aiki a matsayin wakilai ga sabuwar 'yar'uwarsu.  

An haifi Maria Antonia a ranar All Souls' Day, ranar makoki ta Katolika, kuma a lokacin yarinta an yi bikin ranar haihuwarta a ranar da ta gabata, a ranar All Saints' Day, saboda ma'anar ranar. Jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarta an sanya ta ƙarƙashin kulawar uwar gidan 'ya'yan sarki, Countess von Brandeis.  An haifi Maria Antonia tare da 'yar uwarta, Maria Carolina ta Austria, wacce ta girme ta da shekaru uku kuma tana da dangantaka ta kud da kud da ita. . Maria Antonia tana da dangantaka mai wahala amma a ƙarshe tana da ƙauna da mahaifiyarta,  wacce ta kira ta "ƙaramin Madam Antoine".

Maria Antonia ta yi shekarunta na ƙuruciya tsakanin Fadar Hofburg da Schönbrunn, gidan sarautar bazara a Vienna,  inda a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1762, lokacin tana da shekaru bakwai, ta haɗu da Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, ɗan shekara biyu a cikinta kuma ɗalibi ne mai ƙwarewa. .   . Duk da koyarwar da ta samu a zaman kanta, sakamakon karatunta bai gamsar ba.  A lokacin da take da shekaru 10 ba ta iya rubutu daidai da Jamusanci ko kuma a kowace harshe da ake amfani da ita a kotu ba, kamar Faransanci ko Italiyanci,  kuma tattaunawa da ita ta yi tsami. .  A ƙarƙashin koyarwar Christoph Willibald Gluck, Maria Antonia ta girma ta zama ƙwararren mawaƙiya. Ta koyi buga garaya,  harpsichord da sarewa . Ta rera waƙa a lokacin tarurrukan yamma na iyalin, domin an san tana da murya mai kyau. . Ta kuma yi fice a rawa, tana da nutsuwa mai kyau, kuma tana son 'yan tsana. 

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