James Alday

James Alday (1516-1576?) ya kasance mai ba da hanya na Ingila na ƙarni na 16, mai bincike kuma mai zaman kansa. Ya shiga cikin hare-hare kan Mutanen Espanya tare da 'yan uwansa masu zaman kansu James Logan da William Cooke a cikin shekarun 1540 kuma an ba shi kyauta, tare da Sebastian Cabot da Henry Ostrich, na farkon kasuwanci na yau da kullun tsakanin Ingila da bakin tekun Barbary.

Shi da kansa ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya shirya tafiyar farko da aka sani zuwa gabar Barbary "ƙirƙirar kasuwancin Barbary" kuma, kodayake yana da niyyar yin umurni da kansa, an tilasta Alday ya juya umurninsa ga wani saboda rashin lafiya. Wannan tafiyar ba ta yi nasara ba duk da haka kuma wani balaguron abokin hamayya wanda Thomas Windham ya umarce shi ya zama na farko da ya isa can a shekara ta 1551. An yi watsi da da'awarsa gabaɗaya saboda sa hannu a cikin fashi da kuma rashin shaidar.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
Alday ya kasance mai kula da jirgin ruwa na Dartmouth wanda aka ce "yana "tsalle tsakanin masu zaman kansu da fashi"". Da yake umurni da Triniti Gilbert, ya shiga James Logan na Flying Ghost da sauransu a mamaye bakin tekun Galicia a cikin shekarun 1540. Wani ɗan koyo kuma babban aboki na Sebastian Cabot, Alday ya shiga cikin Cabot da Henry Ostrich a cikin shirye-shiryen kafa kasuwanci tare da bakin tekun Barbary. Ya shirya tafiya ta farko zuwa gabar Barbary, duk da haka ya yi rashin lafiya sosai tare da "babban gumi" kuma an tilasta masa ya mika umurninsa ga wani kyaftin. Wannan tafiyar a bayyane ba ta yi nasara ba saboda babu rubuce-rubuce na dawowarsa kuma wataƙila ba ta taɓa barin tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Thomas Windham zai ba da umarnin tafiya a wannan shekarar ya sami nasarar isa gabar Barbary a shekara ta 1551. A cikin wata wasika ga abokinsa Michael Lok,  Alday ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi da wasu mambobi sun sauka da "ciwon tururi" kuma "inda shugaban waɗanda na haɗu da su a wannan tafiya ya mutu, wato, John Lutterel, John Fletcher, Henry Ostrich da sauransu".McDermott, James. Martin Frobisher: Elizabethan Privateer. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2001. (pg. 440) Andrews, Kenneth R. Trade, plunder and settlement: Maritime enterprise and the genesis of British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984. (pg. 101–102)  Alday ne kawai ya tsira, duk da haka a lokacin da ya dawo Windham ya riga ya tashi zuwa Maroko ya ɗauki jiragen ruwa daga Portsmouth tare da shi   yana mai cewa "Windham ya dauke ta daga can, kafin na iya tsayawa a kan ƙafafuna, wanda na rasa a wannan nan take fourescore pound."Alexander, Catherine M.S. and Stanley Wells. Shakespeare and Race. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. (pg. 24) 

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutanen Burtaniya