Pablo Fanque

Pablo Fanque (an haife shi William Darby; 30 Maris 1810 - 4 Mayu 1871) ya kasance dan wasan motsa jiki na Burtaniya kuma mai mallakar wasan motsa jiki, ya zama mai mallakar Black circus na farko a Burtaniya. Gidan wasan motsa jiki ya shahara a Biritaniya ta Victorian na tsawon shekaru 30,    lokacin da ake ɗauka a matsayin zamanin zinariya na wasan motsa jiki. 

Tun daga shekarun 1960, an fi saninsa da Pablo Fanque saboda an ambaci shi a cikin waƙar Beatles "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" a cikin kundin su na 1967 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band .

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Ba a san komai game da rayuwar Pablo Fanque ba. Rubuce-rubucen Ikilisiya sun nuna cewa an haife shi a Norwich a cikin 1810 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin akalla yara biyar, waɗanda aka haifa wa John da Mary Darby (née Stamp). "The Hendersons Were Not There (and neither was Mr Kite)- Sheffield 1848". Chrishobbs.com. 28 March 1914. Retrieved 9 April 2011. An yi imanin cewa sun zauna a titin Ber. Lokacin da Fanque ya yi aure a 1848, ya ce aikin mahaifinsa marigayi shine "butler" a takardar shaidar aurensa.

Dokta John M. Turner ya yi hasashe a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa na 2003 game da Fanque cewa "mahaifinsa ɗan Afirka ne aka haife shi kuma an kawo shi tashar jiragen ruwa ta Norwich kuma an horar da shi a matsayin ma'aikacin gida. "  An ruwaito cewa Fanque maraya ne tun yana ƙarami.  Wani asusun ya nuna Fanque an haife shi a cikin gidan aiki ga dangin da ke da yara bakwai.

Tun jim kadan bayan mutuwar Fanque a 1871, masu ba da labari sun yi jayayya da ranar haihuwarsa. Tun daga shekara ta 2003 mai ba da labari Turner ya shahara da imanin cewa an haifi Fanque a shekara ta 1796.  Jaridar Era ta rubuta a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1871 cewa akwatin gawa na Fanque yana dauke da rubutun; "AGED 75 YEARS". Dutsen kabarin Fanque, wanda yake a gindin kabarin marigayi matarsa Susannah Darby a Kabari na Woodhouse, Leeds (yanzu St George's Field, wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Leeds), ya karanta; "Har ila yau wanda ke sama mai suna William Darby Pablo Fanque wanda ya mutu Mayu 4th 1871 Shekaru 75".

Amma an rubuta shekarun Fanque a cikin ƙididdigar 1841, 1851 da 1871 na Ingila kamar yadda ya nuna an haife shi a 1810. Wani rajistar haihuwa a St. Andrew's Workhouse a Norwich ya ba da rahoton haihuwar William Darby ga John Darby da Mary Stamp a gidan aiki a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1810. Wannan shine shekarar haihuwar a kan takardar shuɗi don tunawa da haihuwar Fanque, wanda birnin Norwich ya sanya kusa da wurin da ake tsammani gidansa na yaro.

 Ayyuka 
Dangane da shekarar haihuwar 1810, matashi William Darby ya koya yana da shekaru 11 ga mai mallakar wasan motsa jiki William Batty kuma ya fara fitowa a cikin zoben sawdust a Norwich a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1821, a matsayin "Young Darby". Ayyukansa sun haɗa da wasan motsa jiki da tafiya da igiya."The Hendersons Were Not There (and neither was Mr Kite)- Sheffield 1848". Chrishobbs.com. 28 March 1914. Retrieved 9 April 2011. Thomas Frost, a cikin Circus Life and Circus Celebrities, ya rubuta, "Mun sami Batty a cikin 1836 a Nottingham, tare da kamfani wanda ya haɗa da Pablo Fanque, mai rawa na baki, wanda ainihin sunansa William Darby ..."  Da zarar an kafa shi a matsayin matashi, William Darby ya canza sunansa na sana'a zuwa Pablo Fanque. Ya bayyana cewa Fanque ko tsaransa galibi suna ɗaukar "Pablo" a matsayin sunansa.

Fanque ya fara samun nasara sosai a Landan a 1847. Da yake kwatanta Fanque da aikinsa, The Illustrated London News ya rubuta:

Jaridar Illustrated Landan News da ke ba da rahoto game da watakila wasan kwaikwayon da ya gabata a lokacin da Fanque ya yi a 1847 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Astley na London, ya cika da cikakkun bayanai game da Fanque:

Da yake sauti kusan kamar girman kai na hotunan Fanque, takarda ta ce, "Mista Pablo ya horarwa da [baƙar fata] don yin ayyukan da suka fi ban mamaki na 'manège' [bayanin, wanda ke da alaƙa da dressage], fasaha da aka ɗauka a matsayin na Faransanci da Jamusanci kawai na hawan doki, kuma salon ta tabbas ya wuce duk abin da aka kawo daga nahiyar".

Wani hoto mai kama da wanda ya bayyana a cikin 20 Maris 1847 na The Illustrated London News ya bayyana a kan wata takarda ta 1850 da ke tallata bayyanar Fanque a Leeds, tare da taken, "M. Pablo Fanque, yayin da ya yi, ta hanyar umarnin sarauta, a Astley's Amphitheatre, kafin mafi kyawun Sarauniya.  The Hampshire Advertiser ya rubuta misali daya lokacin da Fanque ya yi a gaban dangin sarauta a Brighton, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar William Batty a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1834.
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