Jean Pasqualini

Jean Pasqualini (Sinanci mai sauƙi; Sinanci na gargajiya; ; 1926 - 9 ga Oktoba 1997) ɗan jaridar Faransa ne da na kasar Sin wanda ya rubuta tarihin abubuwan da ya samu a matsayin fursuna na siyasa a cikin tsarin sansanin aiki na Laogai .  An haife shi a Beijing, Jean Pasqualini ɗan mahaifiyar kasar Sin ne kuma mahaifin Faransanci ne na Corsican. An fassara sunansa na Sinanci a matsayin Bao Ruowang,  tare da "Bao" wanda ke wakiltar sashi na farko a cikin Pasqualini kuma "Ruowang" shine fassarar sauti na Jean.Coutois, Stephane, S.C. (1999). The Black Book of Communism: Crimes Terror Repression. Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College

 Tarihin rayuwa 
Yayinda yake yaro, Jean Pasqualini ya halarci makaranta a Tianjin da Shanghai. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga sojojin Amurka da Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya a Beijing kafin mamayewar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci a 1949. A lokacin yakin neman zabe na shekara ta 1957, an yanke wa Pasqualini hukuncin shekaru 12 a tsare kuma an zarge shi da "aikin adawa da juyin juya hali" bisa ga aikinsa tare da baƙi. An sake shi a shekara ta 1964 bayan Faransa ta kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin . Bayan an sake shi, an kore shi kuma ya koma Paris.

Pasqualini ya shafe shekarunsa na baya a Faransa yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara da mai bincike ga mujallar Newsweek da Life . A shekara ta 1992, ya kafa Gidauniyar Bincike ta Laogai tare da Harry Wu .  Ya mutu a asibitin Paris a shekarar 1997. 

 Tasiri 
Labarin Jean Pasqualini game da rayuwa a cikin tsarin sansanin aiki shine babban tushe na The Black Book of Communism .  An fassara littafinsa zuwa harsuna da yawa, kuma an sanya shi fim din Faransanci a shekarar 1977. An bayyana shi a matsayin labarin rayuwa na farko a cikin tsarin sansanin aiki na kasar Sin.

Lokacin da aka buga littafin Pasqualini da farko, magoya bayan juyin juya halin Kwaminisanci na Faransa sun soki shi kuma sun yi masa zargi wanda, a cewar Seth Faison, "ya ki yarda da cewa al'ummar da ke da alamar Utopia na manoma da ma'aikata masu farin ciki ... na iya samun irin wannan gefen duhu. "  A cikin 1978, masanin sinadarin Belgium Pierre Ryckmans ya bayyana Fursunonin Mao a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin takarda a kan Maoist 'Grobalism' kuma, saboda haka, mafi yawan binciken da aka yi watsi da shi da masu kula da su da su da cewa ba su ba su ba a cikin bayanan 'yancin' 'yancin jama' suka fi sani ba su ba da' yancin jama'a ba su da'a na'a na 'yancin 'yancin kasar Sin ba su da suka fi sani da' suka fi dacewa da' suka fito da' suka wuce ba su ba.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926