P. N. Haksar

Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar (4 ga Satumba 1913 - 25 ga Nuwamba 1998) ya kasance jami'in gwamnati da diflomasiyya na Indiya, wanda aka fi sani da shekaru biyu da ya yi a matsayin Babban sakatare Firayim Minista Indira Gandhi (1971-73). A wannan rawar, Haksar ita ce babban mai ba da shawara kan dabarun da manufofi a bayan farkon shekarun Gandhi da kuma kafa iko mai karfi a cikin shekarun 1970. Bayan wannan an nada shi mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Shirye-shiryen sannan kuma shugaban farko na Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru ta New Delhi.

Mai ba da shawara game da tsakiya da zamantakewar al'umma, ya kasance Pandit na Kashmiri wanda ya zama amintaccen amintaccen Gandhi a cikin ƙungiyar ta ciki, abin da ake kira "Kashmiri mafia". Kafin wannan, Haksar ya kasance jami'in diflomasiyya na Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Indiya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Indiya a Austria da Najeriya.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
An haifi Haksar a shekara ta 1913, a Gujranwala (yanzu a Pakistan) a cikin dangin Kashmiri Pandit . Ya yi karatun Sanskrit a gida kuma ya sami M.Sc. daga Jami'ar Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh . Ya ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . Wasu masu sukar sun lura da daidaituwa da akidar Soviet. A matsayinsa na dalibi na Jami'ar Allahabad, ya kasance mazaunin Mayo Hall kuma yana yawan ziyartar Anand Bhawan, gidan Motilal Nehru. Parmeshwar mai son karatu ne na tarihin fasaha kuma masanin zane-zane. A lokacin da yake aiki a Landan a matsayin dalibi, Fabian socialism ya rinjaye shi kuma daga baya ya zama mai alaƙa da Marxists.

'Yarsa Nandita Haksar, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ce, mai ba da shawara, kuma marubuciya.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarsa, Haksar ya haɗu da Taron Kimiyya na Delhi, shirye-shirye kan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da adawa da manufofi masu sassaucin ra'ayi da rashin bin addini. Ya rasa idanunsa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata na rayuwarsa lokacin da kawai jin daɗin da ya ba kansa shi ne tausa na mako-mako. Haksar ya mutu yana da shekaru 85, a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1998. 

 Farkon aiki 
Bayan jami'a, Haksar ya sanya alama a matsayin fitaccen lauya a Allahabad kafin a zaba shi don Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Indiya a 1947,  a hukumance ya shiga aikin ta hanyar nadin kai tsaye daga 18 ga Janairun 1949.  Ya kasance kusa da ɗan'uwan Kashmiri daga Allahabad Jawaharlal Nehru, wanda zai ci gaba da zama Firayim Minista na farko na Indiya mai zaman kanta. Ɗalibi ne na lokaci guda a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, ya kasance ƙaramin abokin aiki na V. K. Krishna Menon a Kungiyar Indiya a London. Wasu masu sukar sun kalli Haksar a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa ya dace da bukatun Soviet.

 Ayyukan jama'a 
P. N. Haksar ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Indiya a Najeriya da Austria.  A cikin shekarun 1960, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban kwamishina a London. Bayan shekaru ashirin a cikin ma'aikatar kasashen waje ta Indiya, an nada shi mataimakin Firayim Minista na lokacin, Indira Gandhi .  A shekara ta 1967, ya maye gurbin L. K. Jha a matsayin Sakataren Firayim Minista na Indiya. An ci gaba da shi zuwa sabon mukamin Babban Sakatare ga Firayim Minista na Indiya a shekarar 1971, don haka ya zama babban ma'aikacin gwamnati mafi iko a ofishin Firayim Ministan. Ya yi aiki na shekaru shida a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati mafi iko a Indiya. Ya rubuta 'Stray Thoughts Memorandum' a taron Kwamitin Aiki na Majalisa a Bangalore wanda ya haifar da cire abokan hamayyarta na siyasa, kamar Morarji Desai .  Har sai da ya bar matsayin Babban Sakatare ga Indira Gandhi, Haksar ya yi tasiri sosai a kan tsara manufofin cikin gida da na waje a Raisina Hill .  A matsayinta na Babban Sakatare, Haksar ta tsara shawarar Indira Gandhi game da lokacin da matakin tallafi da za a ba wa gwagwarmayar 'yancin Bangladesh, ta ba da umarni daga ofishinta mai zaman kanta ga manyan shugabannin soja a wasu lokuta. Firayim Minista da Babban Sakataren ta daga baya sun fadi saboda an ruwaito cewa Haksar bai yarda da ƙaramin ɗan Indira ba, Sanjay, wanda ke da burin zama magajin mahaifiyarsa. Sanjay ne ya ba da izinin kai hari kan 'yan sanda a shagon iyalin Haksar a New Delhi, Pandit Brothers, da gangan ya kunyata ma'aikacin gwamnati. An ruwaito cewa Haksar ya nisanta daga Indira Gandhi bayan wannan lamarin. Lokacin da ta koma mulki a karo na biyu a shekarar 1980, ta nemi ya ci gaba da aikinsa na baya, amma Haksar ya ki.

 Mai gudanarwa da kuma dabarun 
An san Haksar da dabarunsa game da mallakar bankunan, kamfanonin inshora da kamfanonin mai mallakar kasashen waje, Yarjejeniyar Indo-Soviet ta 1971 da kuma goyon bayan Indiya ga 'yancin abin da zai zama Bangladesh. Shi ne kuma babban gine-ginen Yarjejeniyar Shimla tare da Pakistan, kamar yadda ya kasance daga cikin kirkirar Bincike da Bincike (R&AW), hukumar leken asiri ta Indiya 

 Rashin amincewa da Padma Vibhushan 
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a 1973, Indira Gandhi ya ba da lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma ta farar hula a Haksar Indiya, Padma Vibhushan, saboda ayyukansa masu yawa ga Indiya; duk da haka, a cikin wata wasika zuwa Govind Narain ya ki amincewa da wannan girmamawa yana mai cewa "Karɓar lambar yabo don aikin da aka yi ta wata hanya yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi a gare ni. " Firayim Minista ya soke tayin ta. [1]

 Littattafai 
Haksar ya rubuta ayyuka masu tasiri da yawa a duk lokacin da yake aiki, yana nuna fahimtarsa game da manufofin Indiya, diflomasiyya, da al'umma.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1913
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba