Helen Archdale

Helen Alexander Archdale (née Russel; 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1876 - 8 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1949) 'yar kasar Scotland ce, kuma 'yar jarida ce. Archdale ita ce mai shirya reshen Sheffield na Kungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata kuma daga baya sakataren fursunoni a London.

Mai aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Archdale ta fara gonar horar da mata ma'aikatan gona a shekara ta 1914. A shekara ta 1917 ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ma'aikata tare da Sarauniya Maryamu's Army Auxiliary Corps, ta sauya a shekara ta 1918 zuwa sashen mata na Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Kasa.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Helen Alexander Russel a Nenthorn, Berwickshire, Scotland . Iyayenta sune Helen Evans (née Carter, 1834-1903), ɗaya daga cikin Edinburgh_Seven" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Edinburgh Seven">Edinburgh Bakwai, ƙungiyar mata ta farko da ta shiga jami'ar Burtaniya, da Alexander Russel (1814-1876), ɗan jaridar Scotland kuma editan The Scotsman wanda ya goyi bayan ƙoƙarin Sophia Jex-Blake na samun ilimin likita ga mata a Edinburgh.

Ta yi karatu a Makarantar St Leonard, St Andrews, sannan a Jami'ar St Andrews (1893-1894), inda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka kammala karatun digiri.

A shekara ta 1901, ta auri Kyaftin Theodore Montgomery Archdale, wanda ke aiki a Indiya ta Burtaniya. Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da lokacin da take Indiya ba, amma da alama ta rabu da mijinta bayan haihuwar 'ya'yansu. Bayan dawowa Scotland a 1908, Archdale nan da nan ya shiga kungiyar mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa (WSPU), ya zama mai shirya reshen Sheffield a 1910 kuma ya sami aiki tare da Adele Pankhurst a matsayin mai kula da rayuwa. A shekara ta 1911, ta dauki bakuncin wani taro na shekara ta 1911 tare da Pankhurst, wanda mutane 57 suka halarta ciki har da wani mai ba da rahoto na jarida. Archdale ya koma London don ɗaukar matsayin sakataren fursunoni na WSPU daga baya a wannan shekarar.

Archdale ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin marubuci da ɗan jarida. Ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a kan wallafe-wallafen WSPU The Suffragette daga Oktoba 1912, kuma daga 1915 ta rubuta wa magajinsa, Britannia .  Ita ce edita ta farko ta sake dubawa na siyasa da wallafe-wallafen mako-mako Time & Tide (tare da rubutun da ba a faɗi ba " jira babu mutum"), wanda Margaret Rhondda ta kafa a shekarar 1920. A cikin shekarun 1930 ta ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga The Times, Daily News, Christian Science Monitor, da The Scotsman . 

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, ta kasance mai aiki a wurare da yawa, gami da Sashen Mata na Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Kasa a shekarar karshe ta yakin.  Ta fara horar da gonar mata ma'aikatan gona, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ma'aikata tare da Sarauniya Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps daga 1917, kuma, a 1918, ta yi aiki ne a sashen mata na Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Kasa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span>]
Archdale ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar WSPU a Edinburgh a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1909.  Daga baya a wannan watan an kama ta tare da Hannah Mitchell, Adela Pankhurst  da Maud Joachim da Catherine Corbett a Dundee.  An same su da laifin karya zaman lafiya bayan sun katse taron da dan majalisa na gida, Winston Churchill, ya gudanar, inda aka cire mata. Bayan kama su, a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, duk sun shiga yajin aikin yunwa kuma an sake su bayan kwana huɗu na kwana goma a kurkuku.   Crawford, Elizabeth (1 January 2002). The women's suffrage movement : a reference guide 1866–1928. Routledge. ISBN 9780415239264. OCLC 633316807. Gwamnan gidan yarin da mai kula da kiwon lafiya sun tantance cewa saboda 'tsarin' Archdale 'zai zama da wahala a ciyar da ita da karfi'.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1911 Archdale ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin watanni biyu saboda karya taga a Whitehall .  'Yarta, Betty Archdale (1907-2000), ta tuna tattara duwatsu don mahaifiyarta ta yi amfani da ita, kuma ta ziyarce ta a gidan yarin Holloway.

Archdale ita ce sakatare, kuma daga baya sakatare na kasa da kasa,  na kungiyar Six Point Group, wanda Margaret Rhondda ta kafa.  Manufofin kungiyar guda shida sune:

A cikin 1926 Archdale da Rhondda sun kafa Majalisar Open Door tare da Chrystal Macmillan da Elizabeth Abbott .  An kirkiro Majalisar Open Door don inganta daidaitattun damar tattalin arziki ga mata tare da mai da hankali kan 'yancin tattalin arziki. Ya yi adawa da tsawaita dokokin kariya ga mata, game da irin wannan dokar kamar ta ƙuntata, kuma yana jayayya cewa ya hana mata ayyukan da aka fi biyan su kamar hakar ma'adinai. Archdale ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin kasa da kasa, Open Door International, wanda aka kafa a 1929 tare da Chrystal Macmillan yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa.

A cikin 1927 Archdale ya fara aiki a Geneva, yana neman Yarjejeniyar Daidaitaccen Hakki a Kungiyar Al'ummai a farkon shekarun 1930.  Kungiyar ita ce kungiyar kasa da kasa ta farko wacce babban aikinta shine kiyaye Zaman lafiya a duniya. Ta zama sakatariyar Kwamitin Hulɗa na Ƙungiyoyin Mata na Duniya, wanda aka kirkira a 1931 a matsayin hadin gwiwa don inganta daidaito, rarraba makamai da wakilcin mata a Ƙungiyar. Daga 1929 zuwa 1934 ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Equal Rights International, wanda aka kafa a The Hague, ƙungiyar da aka keɓe don inganta kamfen don daidaito na mata tare da maza a cikin doka da kuma wurin aiki.  A ƙarshen shekarun 1930 an haɗa ta da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Duniya . 

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
A ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1901 Archdale ya auri Kyaftin, daga baya Lieutenant-Colonel, Theodore Montgomery Archdale (1875-1918), wanda a lokacin yana zaune a Indiya. Ta yi rayuwar aurenta ta farko a Lancashire da Indiya.[1] Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace daya. Archdale ya bayyana cewa ta rabu da mijinta daga kimanin shekara ta 1913.[2] A cewar mai ba da labarinta, David Doughan, tana da dangantaka da Lady Margaret Rhondda: "A farkon shekarun 1920, tana raba ɗaki, kuma, tare da iyalinta, gidan ƙauye (Stonepits, Kent) tare da Lady Rhondda".

Archdale ta kasance mai bin Kimiyya ta Kirista, wanda ta yaba da warware matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Koyaya, a cikin rayuwarta ta baya "an ƙi ta wani asibitin Kimiyya na Kirista saboda ta tafi asibiti na yau da kullun bayan ta kamu da ciwon zuciya", ta keta ƙuntatawa na ƙungiyar game da neman magani.

Archdale ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1949 a 17 Grove Court, St John's Wood, London.

 Manazarta 

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