Shen Congwen

Shen Congwen (28 Disamba 1902 - 10 Mayu 1988), wanda aka fi sani da Shen Ts'ung-wen, marubucin kasar Sin ne wanda ake la'akari da shi daya daga cikin manyan marubutan kasar Sin na zamani, daidai da Lu Xun . Al'adun yanki da ainihi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rubuce-rubucensa fiye da na sauran manyan marubutan zamani na kasar Sin. An san shi da hada salon gargajiya tare da dabarun rubuce-rubucen Sinanci na gargajiya. Shen shine mafi mahimmancin marubutan "ƙasa ta asali" a cikin wallafe-wallafen Sinanci na zamani. Shen Congwen ya buga kyawawan waƙoƙi da yawa a rayuwarsa, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne littafin Border Town . Wannan labarin game da tsohon jirgin ruwa ne da labarin soyayya na jikarsa Cuicui. Shen Congwen da matarsa Zhang Zhaohe sun yi aure a 1933, Shen Congwen kuma Zhang Zhao He suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace daya bayan aurensu.

 Rayuwa 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haife shi Shen Yuehuan a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 1902 a garin Fenghuang (wanda aka sani da Zhen'gan) a yammacin Lardin Hunan . A ƙarshen ƙuruciya ya zaɓi sunan Shen Congwen . Shi ne na huɗu cikin yara tara da aka haifa wa Shen Zongsi, Han-Miao, da Huang Suying, Tujia. Kakansa, Shen Hongfu, jarumi ne na yankin wanda ya zama janar mai daraja kafin a nada shi mukaddashin kwamandan lardin Guizhou yana da shekaru 25. Saboda babban bangare na shahararren kakansa da wadata, an haifi Shen Congwen a cikin iyali mai wadata. Bayan kafa Jamhuriyar Sin a 1912, mahaifinsa yana fatan zama zaɓaɓɓen majalisa na lardin, amma a maimakon haka an tilasta masa ya ɓoye a cikin Inner Mongolia bayan ya shiga wani makirci da ya gaza don kashe Shugaba Yuan Shikai. Gaskiyar kabilanci na Tujia na mahaifiyar Shen da kabilanci ya Miao na kakarsa, ya ɓoye har zuwa shekarun 1980. Duk da asalin kabilanci da yawa, ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin Miao.

 Ilimi 
Yawancin marubutan zamani na farko a kasar Sin sun sami ilimi sosai, kuma wasu sun yi karatu a kasashen waje, sau da yawa a Japan. Shen Congwen, duk da haka, ya sami ilimi mai sauƙi. Yayinda yake yaro ya sami koyarwa mai zaman kansa a gida sannan makarantar iyali mai zaman kanta ta biyo baya. Wadannan koyarwar masu zaman kansu an gudanar da su ne a cikin tsohuwar salon ilimi na gargajiya wanda Shen ya soki shi kamar yadda ba shi da amfani ko kuma mai ban sha'awa. A shekara ta 1915, ya fara halartar makarantar firamare ta garin Fenghuang, inda ya kammala a shekara ta 1917. 

 Ayyuka 
A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba 1924, Matakin Mataki ya fara buga rubutunsa An Unposted Letter (Chinese: 一封未曾付邮的信; pinyin: Yī fēng wèi céng fù yóu dē xìn).  Ya fara buga gajerun labaru da litattafai a kai a kai a cikin Fiction Monthly da Crescent Moon, mujallu biyu masu tasiri sosai na New Culture Movement. A shekara ta 1925 Shen ya zama dalibi na Farfesa Lin Zaiping, wanda ya gabatar da shi ga sanannen mawaki na zamani Xu Zhimo .  A cikin shekarun 1930 ya sami shahara tare da ayyukansa masu tsawo kamar su Border Town da The Long River .  A Beijing Shen Congwen ta sadu da mutane da yawa masu tasiri na Sabon Al'adu ciki har da Ding Ling da mijinta Hu Yepin . Ya zauna tare da ma'auratan na ɗan lokaci kafin marubutan uku suka koma Shanghai tare a 1927. 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902