Macfarlane Burnet

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet   (3 Satumba 1899 - 31 Agusta 1985  ), wanda aka fi sani da Macfarlane ko Mac Burnet, ƙwararren masanin ƙwayoyin cuta ne na Australiya wanda aka san shi da gudummawarsa ga ilimin rigakafi. Ya lashe kyautar Nobel a shekarar 1960 saboda hasashen juriyar garkuwar jiki. Ya kuma haɓaka ka'idar zaɓin clonal.

Burnet ya sami digirin Doctor of Medicine daga Jami'ar Melbourne a shekarar 1924, sannan ya sami digirin PhD daga Jami'ar London a shekarar 1928. Ya ci gaba da gudanar da bincike na farko a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma rigakafi a Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Walter da Eliza Hall da ke Melbourne, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar daga 1944 zuwa 1965. Daga 1965 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1978, Burnet ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Melbourne. A tsawon aikinsa, ya taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka manufofin jama'a ga kimiyyar likitanci a Ostiraliya kuma ya kasance memba na kafa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ostiraliya (AAS), kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta daga 1965 zuwa 1969.

Manyan nasarorin da Burnet ya samu a fannin ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da gano abubuwan da ke haifar da zazzabin Q-fever da psittacosis ; ƙirƙirar gwaje-gwaje don ware, al'ada da gano ƙwayar cutar mura ; bayyana haɗakar nau'ikan mura; nuna cewa ƙwayar cuta ta myxomatosis ba ta haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane. Hanyoyin zamani na samar da alluran rigakafin mura har yanzu suna dogara ne akan aikin Burnet na inganta hanyoyin haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwai na kaza.

Saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga kimiyyar Australiya, Burnet ya zama gwarzon ɗan ƙasar Australiya na farko a shekarar 1960,  kuma a shekarar 1978 ya zama jarumin ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Ostiraliya. An karrama shi a duk duniya saboda nasarorin da ya samu: baya ga kyautar Nobel, ya sami kyautar Lasker da lambar yabo ta Royal da Copley daga ƙungiyar Royal Society, digirin girmamawa, da kuma kyaututtukan hidima na musamman daga ƙungiyar Commonwealth of Nations da Japan.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1985