Rosey Pool

Rosey E. Pool (an haife ta Rosa Eva Pool ; 7 ga Mayu 1905) – 29 Satumba 1971) mawaki ne kuma masanin tarihin waƙoƙin Baƙar fata na ƙasar Holland.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Shekarun farko 
An haifi Pool kuma ta girma a cikin dangin Yahudawa marasa addini a Amsterdam, Netherlands. A shekarun 1920, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin matasa na Dutch Popular Front, kamar su Arbeiders Jeugd Centrale (AJC) da Social Democratic Students Club (SDSC). A shekarar 1927, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Socialistische Kunstenaarskring (SKK, ko Socialist Artists Circle).

 Shekarun 1930: Digirin PhD da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a a Berlin 
A watan Agusta na shekarar 1927, jim kaɗan bayan aurenta da lauyan Berlin kuma daga baya Sanata Gerhard Kramer na Hamburg (1904–1973), Pool ta ƙaura zuwa Berlin . A can, ta yi karatun adabin Ingilishi a Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (wanda a yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Humboldt ). Duk da cewa daga baya ta yi iƙirarin cewa ita ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗan adam ce, ta yi karatun fannin falsafa. Ta rubuta takardar digirinta a kan Waƙar 'Yan Negro na Amurka, amma ba ta iya kammala wannan ba saboda matakan kin jinin Yahudawa da 'yan Nazi suka ɗauka. A shekarar 1935, Kramer da Pool suka sake aure. Daga Berlin, Pool ta taimaka wa Yahudawan Jamus su gudu zuwa Netherlands, ta hanyar ba su adiresoshi. A watan Janairu na shekarar 1939, jim kaɗan bayan Kirsimeti, Pool ta koma Amsterdam.

 1940s: juriya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu 
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta koyar a makarantar Yahudawa ta Lyceum da ke Amsterdam (tare da Anne Frank a cikin ɗalibanta). Pool ta shiga cikin wata ƙungiyar masu fafutukar Yahudawa ta Jamus mai suna Van Dien, wadda ta haɗu a kusa da Tehuis Oosteinde.  A watan Satumba na 1943, wannan ƙungiyar masu adawa ta taimaka mata ta tsere daga sansanin 'yan Nazi na Westerbork . Ta ɓuya a garin Baarn, ta rubuta waƙoƙin masu adawa kuma ta tattara tarin waƙoƙin Baƙar fata.

A ƙarshen shekarar 1949, Pool ta ƙaura zuwa Landan don zama tare da ƙawarta "Isa" Isenberg. Ben Braber, Passage naar vrijheid. Joods verzet in Nederland 1940–1945. Balans, 1987, pp. 31, 76.

 Shekarun 1950 da 1960: ƙwararre a fannin waƙoƙin Baƙar fata-Amurka 
Bayan yaƙin, Pool ta kafa wasiƙu da shahararrun marubuta da mawaƙa 'yan Afirka-Amurka kamar Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, WEB Du Bois, Naomi Madgett, Owen Dodson, Gordon Heath, da Robert Hayden . Daga gidanta na Landan, ta shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Baƙar fata, a Birtaniya da Amurka.

Pool ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a matsayin malamar Fulbright kuma tare da tallafin UNCF (1959–1960), kuma ta kasance malamar baƙo a wasu kwalejoji a Kudancin Kudu. A Amurka, ta ba da gudummawa wajen 'yantar da Baƙar fata Amurkawa a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta hanyar kwatanta matakan kin jinin Yahudawa na Nazis da wariyar Kudancin Amurka. Lokacin da Pool ta kasance malamar baƙo a Alabama A da M, ta shirya tarurrukan marubuta guda biyu, tare da Samuel W. Allen (Paul Vesey), Margaret Burroughs, Dudley Randall da Mari Evans . Ed Simpkins ya bayyana: "[littafin] na Rosey Pool ne ya fara haɗa mu (...)." Ben Braber, Passage naar vrijheid. Joods verzet in Nederland 1940–1945. Balans, 1987, pp. 31, 76. Ben Braber, Passage naar vrijheid. Joods verzet in Nederland 1940–1945. Balans, 1987, pp. 31, 76. Argo ya samar da wani LP wanda aka sanya wa suna Beyond the Blues a London a 1963, tare da fitattun masu karatu ciki har da Brock Peters, Gordon Heath, Vinette Carroll, da Cleo Laine . 

A shekarar 1966, Pool ta kasance memba na alkalai a bikin baje kolin fasahar baƙar fata na duniya, wanda aka gudanar a Dakar, Senegal. alkalan sun ba wa mawaƙi Robert Hayden da Nelson Mandela kyaututtuka.  A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1965,  Pool ta zama mai bin addinin Bahá'í . An ganta tana tallata addinin.   

 Zaɓaɓɓun littattafan karatu 

 Mai Fassara 

 Emily Dickinson, Wakoki Goma (Amsterdam: Vijf Ponden Pers, 1944)
 William Shakespeare, Sonnets uku (Utrecht: GM van Wees, 1944)
 Annie MG Schmidt, Soyayya daga Mick da Mandy (London: Odhams Press, 1961)
 Annie MG Schmidt, Sa'a Mick da Mandy (London: Odhams Press, 1961)
 Annie MG Schmidt, Take care, Mick da Mandy (London: Odhams Press, 1961)
 Claude Brown, Mijn Harlem (Rotterdam: Lemniscaat, 1966)

 Marubuci 

 "Farfadowar Afirka", a cikin: Phylon [1940–1956], vol. 14, no. 1 (Qtr na 1, 1953), shafi na 1. 5–8
 "Mai Ra'ayin Baƙin Ciki a Turai", a cikin: Phylon [1940–1956], vol. 14, no. 3 (Qtr na 3, 1953), shafi na 1. 258–267
  n Engelse sleutel. Een ABC akan "Perfide Albion" (Amsterdam: De Boer, 1957)
 (Mai haɗin gwiwa tare da Eric Walrond ), Baƙaƙe da Ba a San Ko Wanene ba: Tarin Waƙoƙin Negro (Aldington, Kent: Hand & Flower Press, 1958)
 (Co-edita tare da Paul Breman ), Ik zag hoe zwart ik was. Poëzie van Noordamerikaanse negers. Een tweetalige bloemlezing van Rosey E. Pool da Paul Breman (Den Haag: Bert Bakker / Daamen NV, 1958)
 (Mai edita tare da Paul Breman), Black duk rana. Waqoqin Negro na Amurka (Amsterdam: Instituut voor Kunstnijverheidsonderwijs, 1960)
 (Edita) Bayan Blues: Sabbin Waƙoƙi na American Negroes (Lympne, Kent, Ingila: Hand and Flower Press, 1962)
 "Gano Waƙoƙin Baƙar fata na Amurka", a cikin: Freedomways . Sharhin kwata-kwata na Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Baƙar fata ta Negro, kaka ta 1963, vol. 3, no. 4.
 (Edita) Ik ben de nieuwe neger (Den Haag: Bert Bakker, 1965)
 "Jefa min ƙalubalenka. Sharhi Kan Yanayin Adabi", a cikin: Negro Digest, Disamba 1965, vol. XV, no. 2, shafi na 1. 54–60
 "Robert Hayden: Mawaki Mai Laureate", a cikin: Negro Digest, Yuni 1966, vol. XV, lamba 8, shafi na 1. 39–75.
 Lachen om niet te huilen (Rotterdam: Lemniscaat, 1968)
 "Anne Frank: Yaro da Tatsuniya", a cikin: Tsarin Duniya : Bazara 1972, Vol. 6, No. 3
 "'Grand Prix de la Poezie' don Robert Hayden", a cikin: Tsarin Duniya : Lokacin bazara na 1983, Vol. 17, No. 4

 Adabin sakandare 

 Anneke Sayayya, Kyauta mai ban mamaki ta abota (rubutun da ba a buga ba, Apeldoorn, 1987)
 Lonneke Geerlings, "Nazarin gani na Tarihin Wasikun Rosey E. Pool. Bayanan Rayuwa, Haɗuwa, da Nazarin Sadarwar Zamani", Takardun Taro na Farko kan Bayanan Rayuwa a Duniyar Dijital 2015, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 9 Afrilu 2015, shafi na 10. 61–67.
 Lonneke Geerlings, Mai tsira, Mai tayar da hankali: Rosey E. Pool and the Transatlantic Century. Takardar digirin digirgir, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2020. Za a buga tare da Jami'ar Georgia Press a 2021.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905