Krampus

Krampus ( []) mutum ne mai ƙaho wanda, a cikin al'adun gargajiya na Alpine na Tsakiya da Gabas, an ce yana tare da Saint Nicholas a ziyarar yara a cikin dare na 5 ga Disamba (Krampusnacht; "Krampus Night"), nan da nan kafin Bikin St. Nicholas a ranar 6 ga Disamba. A cikin wannan al'adar, Saint Nicholas yana ba da lada ga yara masu kyau tare da ƙananan kyauta, yayin da Krampus ke azabtar da waɗanda ke da mummunar hali tare da sandunan birch.

 Asalin 
Krampus yawanci ana nuna shi a matsayin mutum mai ƙaho tare da ƙafar mutum ɗaya da ƙafar awaki ɗaya. Yawanci an rufe shi da baƙar gashi kuma yana da dogon maciji ko harshe mai kama da dragon. Wadannan halaye sun kara sanya Krampus hali ga kayan ado da fina-finai masu ban tsoro.

A cikin karni na 17 Krampus ya haɗu da St. Nicholas a matsayin mataimakin. Saboda Nicholas mai tsarki ne, ba daidai ba ne ko kuma an dauke shi da hali mai tsarki ga Nicholas don isar da horo. Saboda haka an sanya mataimakin ga St Nicholas; kamar su Farmhand Rupert, Schmutzli, Père Fouettard, ko Zwarte Piet, wanda zai sauka a cikin bututun wuta ko kuma ya azabtar da yara marasa kyau. Krampus ya yi aiki da St Nicholas a cikin wannan rawar.

 Tarihin zamani 
Bayan zaben 1932 a Austria, gwamnatin Dollfuss ta haramta al'adar Krampus  a karkashin jagorancin Fascist Fatherland Front () da kuma Jam'iyyar Social ta Kirista.

A cikin shekarun 1950, Gwamnatin Austria ta rarraba litattafai masu taken "Krampus Mutum ne Mai Mugunta" saboda tsoron cewa haɗuwa da Krampus na iya lalata lafiyar tunanin yara. Zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni, shahararren sake farfado da bukukuwan Krampus ya faru kuma ya ci gaba a yau.

Ana farfado da al'adar Krampus a Bavaria, tare da al'adun fasaha na gida na abin rufe fuska na katako.

 Bayyanawa 
Kodayake Krampus ya bayyana a cikin bambance-bambance da yawa, yawancin suna da wasu halaye na jiki. Yana da gashi, ƙaho, yawanci launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata, kuma yana da ƙafar ƙafafu ɗaya tare da ƙafar awaki. Harshensa mai tsawo, mai kaifi yana fitowa,  kuma yana da hakora. 

Krampus yana ɗauke da sarƙoƙi, ana tunanin alama ce ta ɗaure Iblis ta Ikilisiyar Kirista. Ya buga sarƙoƙi don sakamako mai ban mamaki. Ana haɗa sarƙoƙi a wasu lokuta tare da karrarawa masu girma daban-daban. Krampus zai ɗauki tarin rassan birch wanda a wasu lokuta yake shayar da yara. Ana maye gurbin rassan birch da bulala a wasu wakilci. A ranar da ta gabata kafin ranar St. Nicholas (6 ga Disamba), Krampus yana tafiya tare da St. Nicholas tare da jaka ko kwando da aka ɗaure a bayansa; wannan shine don fitar da mugun yara don nutsar, cin abinci, ko jigilar zuwa Jahannama. Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin sassan sun ambaci yara marasa kyau da ake sakawa a cikin jaka kuma a ɗauke su. Ana iya samun wannan ingancin a wasu abokai na Saint Nicholas kamar Zwarte Piet. 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats