Wasika daga dattawan Karaite na Ascalon

Wasiƙar dattawan Karaite na Ascalon ( a . Abubuwan da ke ciki sun bayyana yadda dattawan Ascalon suka tara kuɗi don biyan fansa na farko na aljihu na Yahudawa da kayan tarihi masu tsarki da ’Yan Salibiyya ke tsare da su a Urushalima, da makomar wasu daga cikin waɗannan ’yan gudun hijira bayan an sake su (ciki har da safararsu zuwa Iskandariyya, ƙanƙantar annoba, ko mutuwa a teku), da kuma buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi don kubutar da ƙarin fursunoni. [1] An rubuta shi a cikin sassa daban-daban na Yahudanci-Larabci, waɗanda ƙabilun Larabci ne na Yahudawa waɗanda aka rubuta haruffan Ibrananci . [2]

Wannan da sauran wasiƙun da ke da alaƙa da yaƙin 'Yan Salibiyya na Urushalima an gano su ne daga sanannen ɗan tarihi SD Goitein a cikin 1952 a cikin takaddun Alkahira Geniza . Goitein ya fara buga bincikensa a cikin Sihiyona, mujallar Ibrananci, sa'an nan kuma ya gabatar da wani juzu'in fassarar Turanci na wasiƙar a cikin Jaridar Nazarin Yahudawa a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sake fassara shi a cikin wasu littattafai da yawa da suka shafi Yaƙin Yaƙi . Goitein na ƙarshe kuma mafi cikakken fassarar Turanci ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa na ƙarshe da aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a cikin 1988. Kedar, Benjamin Z. "The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the Crusades." in The Crusades ( Vol. 3). ed. Benjamin Z. Kedar and Jonathan S.C. Riley-Smith. Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004 (); p. 60, footnote #146; p. 64, footnote #161

 Rubutu 
Muna godiya ga Ubangijin da ya ba mu damar cika wannan aiki na takawa, kuma ya ba mu damar yin rabo a cikinsa. Mun kashe kudin ne domin fansar wasu daga cikin wadanda aka kama, bayan da muka yi la’akari da umarnin da ke kunshe cikin wasiƙarku, wato mun aika da abin da aka samu ga waɗanda [an riga an yi fansa (?)].

Ba mu kasa ba da amsa ga abin da ka rubuto mana ba, kuma hakika mun amsa, amma muna neman wanda zai kawo maka amsa. Bayan haka ya faru cewa waɗannan cututtuka sun same mu— annoba, annoba, da kuturta —waɗanda suka cika zukatanmu da damuwa, domin mu kanmu ko wasu danginmu mu kamu da cuta. Wani mutum da muka amince da shi ya fito daga nan, kuma lalle ne ya bayyana muku matsayin da ku ka aika: cewa sun iso mana lafiya, an kashe su kamar yadda aka yi nuni [a cikin wasiƙarku].

Har yanzu labari ya zo mana cewa a cikin wadanda aka fanshe daga Franks kuma suka kasance a Ascalon, wasu na cikin hadarin mutuwa na bukata. Wasu kuma sun kasance a cikin zaman talala, wasu kuma an kashe su a gaban idon sauran, wadanda aka kashe su da kansu da kowane irin azaba; Domin ya huce fushinsa a kansu. Ba mu ji labarin wani mutum ɗaya na Isra’ila da yake cikin irin wannan halin ba tare da yin iya ƙoƙarinmu mu cece shi ba.

Madaukakin Sarki ya ba da damar samun sauƙi da ceto ga waɗanda suka gudu, wanda misali na farko kuma mafi kyau - bayan tausayin Sama - ya kasance kasancewar a cikin Ascalon na babban shaykh 'Abu' I-Fadl Sahl ɗan Yusha' ɗan Shay'a (Allah ya kiyaye shi), wakilin Sarkin Musulmi (Allah ya ɗaukaka nasarorin da ya samu), wanda tasirinsa yana da girma a Alexandria inda ake bin maganarsa sosai. Ya shirya al'amura cikin hikima kuma ya sha wahala sosai wajen samun fansar; amma zai buƙaci dogon tattaunawa don bayyana yadda ya yi hakan. Amma ya iya fansar wasu mutane ne kawai kuma dole ne ya bar sauran. A ƙarshe, duk waɗanda za a iya fansar su [Franks] an 'yantar da su, kuma kaɗan ne kawai suka riƙe a hannunsu, ciki har da wani yaro ɗan kimanin shekara takwas, da kuma wani mutum, wanda aka sani da [?] ɗan matar Tustari. An ruwaito cewa Franks sun roƙi na biyun ya rungumi addinin Kirista da son ransa kuma ya yi alƙawarin yi masa alheri, amma ya gaya musu, ta yaya zai zama firist na Kirista kuma su [Yahudawa] su bar shi cikin kwanciyar hankali, waɗanda suka biya masa kuɗi mai yawa. Har zuwa yau waɗannan fursunonin suna hannunsu [Franks]; da kuma waɗanda aka kai su Antakiya, amma waɗannan kaɗan ne, kuma ba a ƙidaya waɗanda suka yi musu rantsuwar rashin imani ba saboda sun rasa haƙuri domin ba zai yiwu a fanshe su ba, kuma saboda sun yanke ƙauna daga barin su su tafi.

Ba a sanar da mu ba, yabo ya tabbata ga Maɗaukakin Sarki, cewa waɗanda aka la'anta waɗanda ake kira 'Ashkenazim ( Jamusawa ) sun ci zarafin mata ko kuma sun yi musu fyade, kamar yadda sauran suka yi.

Yanzu, daga cikin waɗanda suka isa lafiya akwai waɗanda suka tsere a ranakun biyu da na uku bayan yaƙin suka tafi tare da gwamnan wanda aka ba shi izinin tafiya lafiya; da kuma waɗanda, bayan da Franks suka kama su, suka ci gaba da kasancewa a hannunsu na ɗan lokaci suka tsere a ƙarshe; waɗannan kaɗan ne kawai. Yawancinsu sun ƙunshi waɗanda aka fanshe su. Abin baƙin cikinmu, wasu daga cikinsu sun ƙare rayuwarsu a ƙarƙashin wahala da wahala iri-iri. Rashin abinci da suka sha ya sa wasu daga cikinsu suka tafi wannan ƙasa ba tare da abinci ko kariya daga sanyi ba, kuma suka mutu a hanya. Wasu kuma ta wannan hanyar sun mutu a teku; duk da haka wasu, bayan sun isa nan lafiya, sun fuskanci "canza iska"; sun zo a lokacin da annoba ta yi tsanani, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun mutu. A lokacin, mun ba da rahoton isowar kowace ƙungiya.

Kuma lokacin da Shaihin da aka ambata a sama ya iso, ya kawo wasu daga cikinsu, wato, mafi yawan waɗanda suka isa Ascalon; ya yi Asabar kuma ya yi bikin Idin Ƙetarewa tare da su a kan hanya kamar yadda irin wannan yanayi ya buƙata. Ya yi kwangilar rancen sirri don kuɗin da zai biya direbobin raƙuma da kuma kula da su a kan hanya, da kuma masu gadin ayari da kuma wasu kuɗaɗen, bayan ya riga ya kashe wasu kuɗaɗen, waɗanda bai caje wa al'umma ba. Duk wannan ban da kuɗin da aka aro aka kashe don siyan littattafai ɗari biyu da talatin, kundin littattafai ɗari, da kuma littattafan Attaura guda takwas. Duk waɗannan kadarorin jama'a ne kuma yanzu suna cikin Ascalon.

Al'umma, bayan sun bayar da kimanin dinari ɗari biyar don fansar mutanen, don kula da wasu daga cikinsu da kuma fansar, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, na littattafai masu tsarki, sun ci gaba da bin bashin dinari ɗari biyu. Wannan ƙari ne ga abin da aka kashe a madadin waɗanda suka zo tun daga farko har zuwa yanzu, kan ruwa da sauran abubuwan sha, magani, kulawa da kuma, gwargwadon iko, tufafi. Idan za a iya ƙididdige nawa wannan ya kashe a cikin wannan dogon lokaci, da gaske kuɗin zai yi yawa.

Da a ce an bi tsarin da aka yarda da shi, wato, sayar da fursunoni uku na Yahudawa kan [dinari] ɗari, da an kashe dukkan kuɗin da ake da su don fansar kaɗan kawai. Duk da haka, an bai wa waɗannan mutane matalauta, waɗanda aka zalunta, waɗanda aka kama, matalauta da matalauta, waɗanda za su iya, hakika, su yi nishi, su yi kuka, su yi kuka kamar yadda aka rubuta [ Zabura . xliv, 12-13]: "Ka ba mu kamar tumakin da aka tanadar wa abinci, ka kuma warwatsa mu a tsakanin al'ummai. Ka sayar da mutanenka kyauta kuma ba ka ƙara wa dukiyarka da farashinsu ba." Kuma mu kanmu za mu iya cewa [ Is . i, 9]: "Ba don Ubangiji Mai Runduna ya bar mana ƙaramin raguwa ba, da mun zama kamar Saduma, da mun zama kamar Gomorrah."

Mun bayyana cewa duk azurfar da muka auna [wato, kuɗin da muka kashe] a wannan bala'i, tun daga farko har zuwa yanzu ba ta da wani amfani idan aka kwatanta da girmanta da girman baƙin cikin da ta haifar.

Wasu suna bayyana a matsayin uzuri na talaucin wannan rukunin manyan masu kuɗi da masu mallakar kadarori da kuma tsananin lokacin hunturu, kuma sun raunana shi.

Ba za mu iya hana kanmu bayar da rahoton abin da muka sani da kuma sakamakon abin da muka yi a wannan lokaci ba, domin mun tabbata cewa kamar mu, kuna nadama da kuma yin baƙin ciki ga waɗanda suka mutu kuma kuna ƙoƙarin ceton waɗanda ke raye; musamman tunda an nuna ƙudurin ku na rarrabe kanku a sarari kuma girman burin ku da karimcin ku ya bayyana. Ku ne na farko kuma mafi daidaito wajen cika wannan "aiki mai kyau" wanda aka ba ku damar yi, kuma wanda ya sami babban fifiko a gare ku fiye da sauran al'ummomi da kuma girmamawa mai yawa.

Mun aika manzo zuwa gare ku kuma abin da zai ba ku labarin wannan musiba ya keɓe mu daga yin magana a kai a kai. Muna rokonka, Allah ya kiyaye ka tsawon rai, ka kyautata masa har sai ya dawo; Kuma a cikin abin da Allah Yake tattara shi a cikinku, Allah Ya tsare ku, idan kun rubũta masa takardar musaya, zai sauƙaƙe masa, alhãli kuwa shi Manzo ne kawai, kuma Ya gaggauta mayar da shi. Idan ba za a iya yin haka ba, sai ku shirya cewa a yi ainihin bayanin nawa aka karɓa, kuma a aiko da wasiƙarku ta wurinsa (Manzon Allah) kuma ku faɗi adadin da ke cikinsa. Allah na Isra'ila, da dai sauransu ....

(Akwai layuka tara da ke ɗauke da jimloli masu kyauta a cikin Ibrananci .)

(A gefe) [I] Marubucin abin da ke sama, mai raɗaɗi, baƙin ciki, da baƙin ciki Yeshaya ha-Kohen b. Masliah mai haske yana mika gaisuwar ban girma ga dukkan ma'aikata, tare da rokon su da su karbi uzurinsa. Ba su gafala ba daga abin da ya shiga tun daga lokacin da ya yi musu izini har zuwa yau. (A hagu na layin da suka gabata) David b. R. Shelomo b. R.... yana isar da gaisuwarsa zuwa ga fitattunku kuma yana roƙonku da ku lura ... al-Fadl Abu.... P A hannun dama na sa hannu na farko, cikin haruffan larabci } Hanina b. Mansur b. Ubaid (amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ya kebance ma'abota girman kai da iyayengiji, Allah ya kiyaye ma'abotansu, mafificiyar gaisuwa da kyakkyawar gaisuwa da kulawa; ya bayyana burinsa gare su kuma ya roke su da su lura da abin da ke cikin wannan wasika. Aminci. Goitein, S.D. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza. Vol. V: The Individual: Portrait of a Mediterranean Personality of the High Middle Ages as Reflected in the Cairo Geniza. University of California Press, 1988 (), p. 374-379

 Duba kuma 

 Codex na Aleppo
 Yaƙin Ascalon
 Yaƙin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
 Kawancen Ascalon

 Manazarta 

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