Pamela (zane-zane)

Pamela jerin zane-zane ne guda goma sha biyu da mai zane-zanen Ingila Joseph Highmore ya shirya tsakanin 1741 da 1743 a matsayin tushen tarin kwafi. Waɗannan zane-zane ne kyauta na al'amuran daga littafin Pamela, ko Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson. Yanzu an raba su daidai gwargwado tsakanin National Gallery of Victoria, Fitzwilliam Museum da Tate Britain.

 Tarihi 

Littafin ya riga ya shahara ga masu zane-zane—ƙaramin mai fasaha Francis Hayman ya ƙera zane-zane na zane-zanen Gravelot don bugu na 1742 [1] da kuma wasu hotuna biyu daga littafin Vauxhall Gardens, wanda kuma yake a kusan 1742 [2] (ɗaya ya ɓace ɗayan kuma yanzu yana cikin tarin National Trust a Sizergh Castle [3] ). Highmore ya zana jerin ayyukansa goma sha biyu tsakanin 1741 da 1743 kuma a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 1744 ya yi tallan cewa goma daga cikinsu sun shirya a kalle su a ɗakin studio ɗinsa, tare da wani talla a ranar 10 ga Mayu yana sanar da cewa duk zane-zane goma sha biyu da ke cikin saitin sun kammala. Talla ta farko ta kuma bayyana cewa yana karɓar biyan kuɗi don saitin zane-zane goma sha biyu bayan littafin [4] —Highmore ya sa Louis Truchy da Antoine Benoist suka samar da su.[5] [6]

 Jeri 
NumberImageTitleSubjectCollectionCatalogue EntryNotesI300x300pxMr B. Finds Pamela WritingVolume I, Letter ITate BritainTatePamela is a poor and innocent 15-year-old maidservant whose patron and employer Mrs B. has just died, leaving her in the care of her son Mr B.. Still in the B. family home in Bedfordshire, she is writing to her father and mother when Mr B. rushes into the room and demands to see the letter. Highmore has added a picture of the Good Samaritan behind Pamela as a contrast to Mr B.'s rude and uncharitable actions.II300x300pxPamela and Mr B. in the summer houseVolume I, Letter XIFitzwilliam MuseumFitzwilliam Soon afterwards Mr B. finds Pamela at her needlework in a summerhouse, seizes her and kisses her against her will.III300x300pxPamela Preparing To Go HomeVolume I, Letter XXIXNational Gallery of VictoriaNGVPamela decides to flee back to her parents but refuses to take with her any of the clothes Mr B. has given her since they would be "the price of my shame". Mr B. hides in a closet and hears the conversation, whilst to the left is the sympathetic but humorous housekeeper Mrs Jervis.IV300x300pxPamela Leaves Mr B's House in BedfordshireVolume I, Letter XXXIIFitzwilliam MuseumFitzwilliam Misnumbered 'No 5' on its frame, when it is the fourth scene in the order they appear in the novel. Mr B. agrees to send Pamela back to her parents in his coach but instead secretly instructs the coachman to abduct her and take her to his estate in Lincolnshire. The B. family crest is on the side of the coach, contrasting their noble pedigree with Mr B.'s ignoble actions. He appears at an upstairs window, whilst Mrs Jervis weeps at Pamela's departure in an arch below.V300x300pxPamela shows Mr Williams a hiding place for their lettersVolume I, Letter XXXIIFitzwilliam MuseumFitzwilliam Misnumbered 'No 6' on its frame, when it is the fifth scene in the order in which they appear in the novel. Mr B. has concocted a cover story that he intends to marry Pamela to Mr Williams, his chaplain in Lincolnshire. Instead Mr Williams is sympathetic to Pamela's plight and agrees to communicate secretly with her via a dead drop under a sunflower in the garden. He later proposes marriage to her in an attempt to save her from Mr B. but soon afterwards is assaulted by thugs and arrested at Mr B.'s instigation. In the background is Mr B.'s Lincolnshire housekeeper Mrs Jewkes, who is rude to Pamela and party to Mr B.'s schemes.VI300x300pxPamela in the Bedroom with Mrs Jewkes and Mr B.Volume I, Letter XXXIITate BritainTateMisnumbered VII in the Tate catalogue, when it is the sixth scene in the order in which they appear in the novel. Mrs. Jewkes has forced Pamela to share a bed with her. In the left background is Mr B., who in a few moments will get into bed disguised as his own housemaid Nan and attempt to rape Pamela.VII300x300pxPamela FaintingVolume I, Letter XXXIINational Gallery of VictoriaNGV"With struggling, fright, terror" at the rape attempt, Pamela faints and Mr B. and Mrs Jewkes think she is dying. Mr B. begins to repent of his previous bad behaviour.VIII300x300pxPamela Greets Her Father Page 145 (1816 edition)National Gallery of VictoriaNGVMr B. becomes determined to win and marry Pamela legitimately and so summons her father without her knowledge to assure him of his honourable intentions towards her. Pamela hears her father's voice as she comes downstairs and rushes into the room, knocking over a table as she throws herself at his feet. To the right the rest of the company express their surprise and confusion, whilst on the wall are paintings of Mr B.'s ancestors.IX300x300pxPamela is Married Page 177 (1816 edition)Tate BritainTateMr B. realises his family will disapprove of his marriage and so holds it in secret at his chapel in Lincolnshire, witnessed by Mrs Jewkes and Mr Peters, the vicar of the parish. The service is taken by Mr Williams and Nan keeps watch at the door.X300x300pxPamela and Lady Davers Page 206 (1816 edition)National Gallery of VictoriaNGVStill not knowing of the secret marriage, Mr B.'s sister Lady Davers accuses Pamela of becoming Mr B.'s mistress, but Pamela starts up and replies "I must tell your ladyship, I scorn your words and am as much married as your ladyship!". To the right, Mrs Jewkes and Nan have heard the commotion and rush in through the door. Soon afterwards Lady Davers ejects the servants and locks the door, but Pamela manages to escape through the open window (background) to a waiting coach.XI300x300pxPamela Asks Sir Jacob Swinford’s Blessing Page 388 (1816 edition)Tate BritainTateWhilst Pamela's virtues quickly win over the rest of Mr B.'s snobbish relations, his uncle Sir Jacob Swinsford continues to obstinately oppose the marriage, especially since Sir Jacob's children will inherit the estate if Mr B. remains childless. Pamela initially pretends to be Jenny, the youngest daughter of Lady C., and Sir Jacob states that he wishes Mr B. had married such a "charming creature" instead of a maidservant. Initially aghast when the ruse is revealed, he soon gives in, asks her forgiveness and blesses the marriage.XII300x300pxPamela Tells a Nursery Tale / Pamela Teaching Her Childrenn/aFitzwilliam MuseumFitzwilliam In a scene of Highmore's own creation, Pamela is now the mother of a large brood of children, including a son and heir for Mr B.. She has taken on their education herself and a painting of children or cherubs on the wall underlines the theme.

 Manazarta 
Keymer, Thomas; Sabor, Peter (2005). 'Pamela' in the Marketplace: Literary Controversy and Print Culture in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 155–159. ISBN 9780521813372.