Gwaje-gwaje (locomotive)

Gwajin jirgin ƙasa ne da Richard Roberts ya tsara kuma ya gina a shekarar 1833 don layin dogo na Liverpool da Manchester (L&MR). Jirgin yana da silinda a tsaye suna tuƙi ta hanyar ƙararrawa .

 Tarihi 
L&MR No.32  An gina gwajin a shekarar 1833 tare da silinda a tsaye da aka sanya a bayan bututun hayaki, suna tuƙa ƙafafun ta hanyar ƙararrawa. Motar tana da bawuloli na piston . Waɗannan bawuloli wataƙila sune dalilin da yasa ƙirar ba ta yi nasara ba, maimakon watsa ƙararrawa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi cikin nasara a wasu na'urori.  Wani dalili kuma da yasa motar ba ta yi nasara ba shine zubewar tururi daga silinda.  An janye gwajin bayan 'yan watanni. 

An gina jiragen ƙasa guda uku makamancin haka don layin dogo na Dublin da Kingstown .  An gina jiragen ƙasa masu wannan ƙira don layin dogo na Dundee da Newtyle, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka canza su. 

 Manazarta