Kisan Kitty Genovese

A farkon sa'o'i na ranar 13 ga Maris, 1964, an yi wa Kitty Genovese, mai shekaru 28 mai sayar da giya fyade kuma an yi mata wuka a waje da ginin gida inda take zaune a unguwar Kew Gardens na yankin Queens na Birnin New York, Amurka. Makonni biyu bayan kisan, The New York Times ta wallafa wata kasida da ke ikirarin cewa shaidu talatin da bakwai sun ga ko sun ji harin, kuma babu wani daga cikinsu da ya kira 'yan sanda ko ya zo mata taimako. Koyaya, binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa girman rashin jin daɗi na jama'a ya wuce gona da iri. Yayinda wasu makwabta suka ji kukan ta, da yawa ba su fahimci tsananin halin da ake ciki ba. Wannan lamari ya haifar da bincike game da abin da aka sani da Tasirin mai kallo, ko kuma "Cutar Genovese,"  kuma kisan ya zama babban abu na litattafan ilimin halayyar Amurka na shekaru arba'in masu zuwa.

Masu bincike sun gano manyan rashin daidaito a cikin labarin Times, kuma tambayoyin 'yan sanda sun nuna cewa wasu shaidu sun yi ƙoƙari su tuntubi hukumomi. A shekara ta 1964, 'yan jarida a wata kungiya ta labarai masu fafatawa sun gano cewa labarin Times bai dace da gaskiyar ba, amma ba su da niyyar kalubalantar editan Times Abe Rosenthal a 'Lokaci'. A cikin shekara ta 2007, wani labarin a cikin American Psychologist ya sami "babu wata shaida game da kasancewar shaidu 38, ko kuma cewa shaidu sun lura da kisan, ko kuma cewashaidu sun kasance marasa aiki". A cikin 2016, Times ta kira nasa rahoto "ba daidai ba", tana mai cewa labarin asali "ya wuce gona da iri yawan shaidu da abin da suka fahimta".

An kama Winston Moseley, ɗan asalin Manhattan mai shekaru 29, a lokacin fashi a gida kwana shida bayan kisan. Yayinda yake cikin tsare, ya furta cewa ya kashe Genovese. A lokacin shari'arsa, an sami Moseley da laifin kisan kai kuma An yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An sauya hukuncinsa zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. Moseley ya mutu a kurkuku a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2016, yana da shekaru 81, bayan ya yi shekaru 52. 

 Wanda aka azabtar 

An haifi Catherine Susan "Kitty" Genovese a cikin garin Brooklyn na New York a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1935,  babba cikin yara biyar na iyayen Italiyanci-Amurka Rachel (née Giordano) da Vincent Andronelle Genovese. [13] Genovese ta girma a matsayin Katolika, tana zaune a cikin gidan da aka yi da dutse mai laushi a 29 St. John's Place a Park Slope, wani yanki na yammacin Brooklyn wanda yawancin iyalai na al'adun Italiyanci da Irish suka cika.

A lokacin da take matashiya, Genovese ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Prospect Heights, inda aka tunatar da ita a matsayin "mai tabbatar da kanta fiye da shekarunta" kuma tana da "tsarin rana".[16] A shekara ta 1954, bayan mahaifiyarta ta ga kisan kai, dangin Genovese sun koma New Canaan, Connecticut, yayin da Genovese, wacce ta kammala karatun sakandare kwanan nan, ta kasance a Brooklyn tare da kakanninta don shirya auren da ke zuwa. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ma'auratan sun yi aure, amma an sokewa auren a kusa da ƙarshen 1954 saboda jima'i na Genovese a matsayin lesbian. [16]

Bayan ta koma wani gida a Brooklyn, Genovese ta yi aiki a ayyukan malamai, wanda ta ga ba shi da kyau. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin mai shayarwa. A watan Agustan 1961 an kama ta a takaice saboda yin caca, yayin da take karbar fare a kan tseren dawakai daga masu kula da mashaya. Ita da abokiyarta, Dee Guarnieri, an ci su tarar $ 50 kowannensu (daidai da $ 526 a 2024) kuma ta rasa aikinta.[19]

Genovese ya sami wani matsayi na bar a Ev's Eleventh Hour Bar a kan Jamaica Avenue da 193rd Street a Hollis, Queens, kuma nan da nan yana sarrafa mashaya a madadin mai shi.[20] Ta hanyar aiki sau biyu ta sami damar adana kuɗi, wanda ta yi niyyar amfani da shi don buɗe gidan cin abinci na Italiya.[19] Ta raba gidanta na Kew Gardens a 82-70 Austin Street tare da Mary Ann Zielonko, budurwarta tun 1963;   Zielonko ta mutu a 2024 tana da shekaru 85.[22]

 Harin 
Da misalin karfe 2:30 na safe a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1964, Genovese ta bar Ev's Eleventh Hour Bar kuma ta fara tuki zuwa gida a cikin jan Fiat. Yayinda take jiran hasken zirga-zirga don canzawa a kan Hoover Avenue, Winston Moseley ne ya hango ta, wanda ke zaune a cikin Chevrolet Corvair da aka ajiye. Genovese ta isa gida da misalin karfe 3:15 na safe kuma ta ajiye motarta a filin ajiye motoci na Kew Gardens Long Island Rail Road, kimanin mita 100 daga ƙofar zuwa gidanta, a cikin wata hanya a bayan ginin.[24] Yayin da ta yi tafiya zuwa ginin, Moseley, wacce ta bi ta gidanta, ta fita daga motarsa, wacce ya ajiye a tashar bas din kusurwa a titin Austin. Tare da wuka na farauta, ya kusanci Genovese.[24]  

Genovese ya gudu zuwa gaban ginin, kuma Moseley ya gudu bayan ta, ya kama ta kuma ya soke ta sau biyu a baya. Genovese ta yi ihu, "Ya Allahna, ya soke ni! Taimaka ni!" Makwabta da yawa sun ji kukan ta, amma kaɗan ne kawai suka gane sautin a matsayin kukan neman taimako. Lokacin da Robert Mozer, ɗaya daga cikin maƙwabta, ya yi ihu ga mai kai farmaki, "Bari yarinyar ta gudu!"  Moseley ya gudu kuma Genovese a hankali ya shiga hanyar zuwa bayan ginin, Manning, Rachel; Levine, Mark; Collins, Alan (September 2007). "The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The Parable of the 38 Witnesses". American Psychologist. 62 (6). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association: 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555. PMID 17874896. ya ji rauni sosai kuma ba a iya ganin kowane shaidu ba.

Shaidu sun ga Moseley ya shiga motarsa, ya tafi ya dawo bayan minti goma. Da yake inuwa da fuskarsa da hat mai faɗi, ya bincika filin ajiye motoci, tashar jirgin ƙasa da kuma wani ɗaki, a ƙarshe ya sami Genovese, wanda ba shi da hankali kuma yana kwance a cikin hallway a bayan ginin, inda ƙofar da aka kulle ta hana ta shiga ciki. Ba tare da ganin titin da wadanda suka ji ko ganin duk wata alama ta harin farko ba, Moseley ta soke Genovese sau da yawa kafin ta yi mata fyade, ta sace $ 49 daga gare ta kuma ta sake gudu. Hare-haren sun kai kusan rabin sa'a, kuma raunukan wuka a hannun Genovese sun nuna cewa ta yi ƙoƙari ta kare kanta. Makwabcinta kuma abokiyarta ta kusa, Sophia Farrar, ta sami Genovese jim kadan bayan harin na biyu kuma ta riƙe ta a hannunta, tana murmushi, "Taimakon yana kan hanya" har sai motar asibiti ta iso.

Rubuce-rubucen kiran farko ga 'yan sanda ba su da tabbas, amma ba a ba da kiran da fifiko ba; lamarin ya faru shekaru hudu kafin Birnin New York ya aiwatar da tsarin kiran gaggawa 9-1-1. Wani mai shaida ya ce mahaifinsa ya kira 'yan sanda bayan harin farko kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa wata mace "ta yi ta duka, amma ta tashi ta yi ta yawo". Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan harin na biyu, wani shaida, Karl Ross, ya kira abokai don ba da shawara game da abin da za su yi kafin su kira 'yan sanda. An ɗauke Genovese da motar asibiti a karfe 4:15 na safe, kuma ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa asibiti. An binne ta a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1964, a Kabari na Lakeview a New Canaan, Connecticut . [16] 

 Binciken 'yan sanda 
Zielonko, budurwa ta Genovese, Detective Mitchell Sang ya yi mata tambayoyi da karfe 7:00 na safe bayan kisan. Daga baya masu binciken kisan kai guda biyu, John Carroll da Jerry Burns, suka yi mata tambayoyi na tsawon sa'o'i shida, wadanda tambayoyin su suka shafi dangantakarta da Genovese. Wannan kuma shine abin da 'yan sanda suka mayar da hankali lokacin da suka tambayi maƙwabtan ma'auratan. Da farko, Zielonko an dauke shi wanda ake zargi. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, 1964, kwana shida bayan wuka,  an kama Moseley saboda zargin fashi a Ozone Park bayan an gano gidan talabijin a cikin akwati na motarsa. An bincika motar bayan wani mutum na yankin, Raoul Cleary, ya zama mai tuhuma lokacin da ya ga Moseley yana cire talabijin daga gidan maƙwabci. Cleary ya tambayi Moseley, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ma'aikacin cirewa ne. Koyaya, bayan tuntuɓar wani maƙwabci, Jack Brown, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa masu gida ba sa motsawa, Cleary ya kira 'yan sanda. Brown ya nakasa motar Moseley don tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tserewa ba kafin 'yan sanda su isa. Wani mai bincike ya tuna cewa wasu shaidu sun ruwaito wani fararen mota mai kama da Moseley game da kisan Genovese, kuma ya sanar da masu bincike Carroll da Sang. A lokacin tambayoyin, Moseley ta yarda da kisan Genovese da wasu mata biyu - Annie Mae Johnson, wacce aka harbe ta kuma ta kone ta mutu a gidanta a Kudancin Ozone Park 'yan makonni da suka gabata; da kuma Barbara Kralik mai shekaru 15, wacce aka kashe a gidan iyayenta na Springfield a watan Yuli da ya gabata.

 Mai aikata laifin 
Winston Moseley yana da shekaru 29 a lokacin da ya kashe Genovese. Ya fito ne daga Ozone Park, Queens, kuma ya yi aiki a Remington Rand a matsayin mai aiki, yana shirya katunan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan lokacin galibi don shigar da bayanai don kwamfutocin dijital.[34] Moseley ta yi aure tare da 'ya'ya uku kuma ba ta da wani laifi.[16]

Yayinda yake cikin tsare, Moseley ya furta cewa ya kashe Genovese. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da harin, yana tabbatar da Shaidar jiki a wurin. Ya ce dalilin da ya sa ya kai harin shi ne kawai "kashe mace", yana mai cewa ya fi son kashe mata saboda "sun kasance masu sauƙi kuma ba su yi yaƙi ba". Moseley ya bayyana cewa ya tashi a wannan dare a kusa da karfe 2 na safe, yayin da matarsa ke aiki da dare a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista, kuma ya tuka ta Queens don neman wanda aka azabtar.[35] 

Moseley ta ga Genovese a kan hanyarsu ta gida kuma ta bi ta zuwa filin ajiye motoci kafin ta kashe ta.[35] Ya kuma furta kisan kai da cin zarafin wasu mata biyu da kuma aikata fashi tsakanin talatin zuwa arba'in.[36] Binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa Moseley ne necrophile.[37]

 Shari'a 
An tuhumi Moseley da kisan Genovese amma ba a tuhume shi da sauran kisan kai biyu da ya yarda da su ba. Ga 'yan sanda, wani abu mai rikitarwa shi ne cewa wani mutum, Alvin Mitchell, ya kuma furta kisan Barbara Kralik.[39]
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba