Clarence Hatry

Clarence Charles Hatry (16 Disamba 1888 - 10 Yuni 1965) ya kasance mai gabatar da kamfanin Ingila, mai ba da kuɗi, mai fatara, mai sayar da littattafai da mai bugawa.  Rashin rukuni na Hatry a watan Satumbar 1929, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 24 (daidai da £ 1,840,000,000 a 2023), an nuna shi a matsayin abin da ya ba da gudummawa ga Hadarin Wall Street na 1929. 

Masanin tattalin arziki John Kenneth Galbraith ya bayyana Hatry a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da ba na Ingilishi ba waɗanda Ingilishi ba za su iya jimrewa da su ba".

 Ci gaba da kasuwanci 
An haife shi a Hampstead, London, Hatry ya fara aikin sana'a a matsayin magatakarda na inshora a West End na London. Abokan masu gabatarwa masu basira sun tuna cewa "Clarence" ya sami babban riba na farko a cikin siliki. Daga nan sai ya dawo da fatarar da ta biyo baya a cikin inshora, ta hanyar City Equitable, kasuwancin sake inshora mai sauƙi. An sayi shi daga masu mallakar Jamus da Austriya a shekara ta 1914 don £ 60,000; Hatry ya sake tsara shi cikin watanni shida kuma ya sayar da riba mai iko don £ 250,000 (daidai da £ 25,300,000 a 2023) ga Gerard Lee Bevan da abokin tarayya mai suna Peter Haig Thomas .

Hatry ya sami damar samun riba a yakin duniya na farko, kuma a 1921, ya zama babban darektan kamfanoni 15.

Ya riga ya zo ga hankalin jama'ar Amurka saboda wani dalili daban: jigilar baƙi na Gabashin Turai zuwa Amurka da Kanada.

A cikin 1924, Kamfanin Kasuwancinsa na London ya gaza da dala miliyan 3.75 (daidai da £ 270,000,000 ). A wata hanya, rashi uku a jere ya bar shi da wadata. Ya gina sabuwar daular kasuwanci, tare da saka hannun jari a cikin kayan daukar hoto, kyamarori, injunan siyarwa, shagunan sashen da ofisoshin rance.

A farkon 1929 masu saka hannun jari sun taru zuwa ƙungiyar Hatry: Janar Securities Ltd. (wanda Henry Paulet, Marquess na 16 na Winchester, ya kasance shugaban); Austin Friars Trust, Ltd., Dundee Trust, Oak Investment Corp., Associated Automatic Machines Corp., Retail Trade Corp., Photomaton Parent Corp. da Far Eastern Photomaton Corp.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
Hatry bai ji kunya ba wajen nuna dukiyarsa: ɗakin ofishinsa yana da ɗakunan wanka masu kyau, yana da wuraren wanka a cikin gidajensa na Mayfair, Jirgin ruwa da kuma tseren tsere.

Hatry ya mallaki Westward, sau ɗaya jirgin ruwa mafi girma a cikin ruwan Burtaniya, tsakanin 1919 da 1924. An san shi da nutsewa daga bowsprit. Ya kasance mai yin iyo sosai kuma ya ce "yin iyo shine kawai wasan da ni, da kaina, na ji daɗi".

Tsakanin 1922 da 1926 Hatry ya zauna a 56 Upper Brook Street, wanda David Ricardo, masanin tattalin arziki, ya zauna a baya, tsakanin 1812 da 1823. An gina lambar 56 a kan abin da ya kasance asali mai zaman kansa mai kimanin ƙafa 41 (12  a gaba da ƙafa 33 (10  a zurfi, tare da kunkuntar sashi a baya daga Blackburne's Mews. An san shi sosai a matsayin gidan da ke da wurin yin iyo a saman rufin a Landan, inda ya gudanar da bukukuwan wanka.

Wani dan kasuwa da darektan kamfanin, tun daga watan Yulin , an ayyana Philipps a matsayin mai fatara sau uku, yana da hukunci mai laifi saboda Rashin kula da kudi da kuma wasu hukunci biyu don barazanar sadarwa, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin makonni 12 a kurkuku don daya daga cikin na ƙarshe.

 Hadari 
Hatry ya tabbatar da cewa a ƙarshen watan Agusta 1929 ya kai ziyara ta sirri ga Bankin Ingila don yin kira ga Montagu Norman don samun kuɗi don ba shi damar kammala haɗuwa da Kamfanonin Karfe na United, kamfanin Burtaniya. Norman ya ki amincewa da tayin Hatry na rancen gada. A ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, lokacin da Hatry stock ya fara faduwa a musayar London, Hatry yana da nauyin fam miliyan 19 da kadarorin fam miliyan 4. A ranar 19 ga watan Satumba, bayan Hatry ya kusanci Bankin Lloyds a cikin wani yunkuri na karshe na kudi, sai ya nemi Sir Gilbert Garnsey, mai ba da lissafi, ya shiga tsakani a madadinsa.  

Koyaya, Hatry bai gaya wa Garnsey cewa yana ba da hannun jari don ƙoƙarin rufe yarjejeniyar ba, kuma wasu hannun jari sun kasance masu zamba: an buga takaddun shaida iri ɗaya sau biyu kuma an ba shi azaman tsaro ga manyan bankunan daban-daban. Hatry ya sami rancen dala miliyan 1 a kan takaddun shaida na City of Wakefield 41⁄2% stock, kuma wani magatakarda mai faɗakarwa ya hango bambancin.

 Dawowa 
Bayan da aka saki Hatry daga kurkuku a 1939, ya sayi kantin sayar da littattafai na Hatchards don £ 6,000 kuma "ya ci gaba da juyawa kasuwancin da ke fama da rashin lafiya". A shekara ta 1946 ya sayi kamfanin buga littattafai na T. Werner Laurie Ltd. inda ya nada George Greenfield a matsayin manajan.

Hatry ya mutu, yana da shekaru 76, a shekarar 1965.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1965
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba