Hanyar Ƙarshe zuwa Brooklyn

Last Exit to Brooklyn wani littafi ne na 1964 na marubucin Amurka Hubert Selby Jr. Littafin yana da mummunan kallo, wanda ba shi da kyau a cikin ƙananan Brooklyn a cikin shekarun 1950 da aka rubuta a cikin aji, wanda aka cire.

Masu sukar da sauran marubuta sun yaba da littafin a lokacin da aka saki shi. Saboda bayyanar da take nunawa game da batutuwa masu haramtacce, kamar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, tashin hankali a kan titi, fyade, homophobia, karuwanci, da tashin hankali na gida, ya kasance batun shari'ar lalata a Ingila kuma an dakatar da shi a Italiya.

 Bayani game da shi 
An saita labaran kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin abin da yanzu ake la'akari da sashin Sunset Park na Brooklyn; an ba da rahoton wurin da ba daidai ba ne a matsayin Red Hook, inda aka saita labarin ɗaya kuma an yi fim din wasu sassan fim din 1989.[1] An raba hanyar fita ta ƙarshe zuwa Brooklyn zuwa sassa shida waɗanda za a iya karantawa daban. Kowane bangare yana da gabatarwa tare da wani sashi daga Littafi Mai-Tsarki.￼

 Wata Rana, Wani Dollar: Wata ƙungiyar matasa 'yan fashi na Brooklyn suna rataye a kusa da gidan cin abinci na dare kuma suna shiga mummunan fada tare da ƙungiyar sojoji a hutu.
 Sarauniyar ta mutu: Georgette, karuwa mai saurin canza launin fata, ɗan'uwanta mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ya fitar da ita daga gidan dangin kuma tana ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin wani ɗan tawaye mai suna Vinnie a wani biki mai suna benzedrine.
 And Baby Makes Three: Labari da wani ba a san shi ba ya fada game da ma'aurata, Suzy da Tommy, waɗanda ke da jariri ba tare da aure ba, bikin aurensu, da kuma bikin Baftisma na jaririn wanda iyayen Suzy suka jefa da sauri.
 Tralala: Halin taken wani ɗan gajeren labari na Selby na baya, ita matashiyar karuwa ce ta Brooklyn wacce ke rayuwa tana ba da shawara ga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a mashaya da sata kuɗin su. A watakila mafi kyawun yanayin littafin, an yi mata fyade bayan dare na shan giya mai yawa. An bar ta ta mutu a cikin wani wuri mara kyau.
 yajin aiki: Harry, masanin injiniya a masana'anta, ya zama jami'in gida a cikin ƙungiyar. Shi ɗan luwaɗi ne mai ɓoye, yana cin zarafin matarsa, kuma yana ƙoƙari ya yi alfahari da nasarorin da ya samu da kuma matsayinsa mai girma ga duk wanda zai iya sauraro ya shawo kansa cewa shi mutum ne. Ya sami matsayi na wucin gadi da muhimmancinsa a lokacin yajin aiki mai tsawo, kuma yana amfani da kuɗin ƙungiyar don nishadantar da matasa masu fafatawa a kan titi da sayen kamfanin drag queens da maza masu luwadi. Daga karshe 'yan fashi sun doke shi sosai daga babi na farko, bayan da ya tilasta wa wani yaro mai shekaru 10.
 Landsend: An bayyana shi a matsayin "coda" don littafin, wannan ɓangaren yana gabatar da rana mai haɗuwa, duk da haka yau da kullun na mazauna da yawa a cikin aikin gidaje.

 Hanyar da ake amfani da ita 
Selby bai yi amfani da alamun ambato ba don rarrabe tattaunawa amma a maimakon haka kawai ya haɗa shi cikin rubutun. Ya yi amfani da slash maimakon Alamar apostrophe don raguwa kuma bai yi amfani da apostrophe kwata-kwata ba don mallaka.

 Tarihin wallafe-wallafen 
Last Exit to Brooklyn ya fara ne a matsayin The Queen Is Dead, daya daga cikin gajerun labaru da Selby ya rubuta game da mutanen da ya sadu da su a kusa da Brooklyn yayin da yake aiki a matsayin marubuci da kuma babban ma'aikaci. An buga wannan yanki a cikin mujallu uku na wallafe-wallafen a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da farkon shekarun 1960.

Tralala ya fara bayyana a cikin The Provincetown Review a 1961, yana jawo zargi wanda ya haifar da shari'ar lalata.

Daga baya ɓangarorin sun samo asali a cikin cikakken littafi, wanda aka buga a 1964 ta Grove Press, wanda a baya ya buga irin waɗannan marubutan masu rikitarwa kamar William S. Burroughs da Henry Miller.

Masu sukar sun yaba kuma sun soki littafin. Mawallafin Allen Ginsberg ya ce zai "fashe kamar wani mummunan fashewa a kan Amurka kuma har yanzu ana karanta shi da sha'awa a cikin shekaru ɗari".DePalma, Anthony. "Hubert Selby Jr. Dies at 75; Wrote 'Last Exit to Brooklyn'", The New York Times, April 27, 2004.

 Manazarta 

Category: Litattafai