Gwajin maƙaryaci na Arewacin Berwick

gwaji maƙaryaci na Arewacin Berwick shine gwaje-gwaje a cikin 1590 na mutane da yawa daga Gabashin Lothian, Scotland, waɗanda ake zargi da maita a St Andrew's Auld Kirk a Arewacin Berick a daren Halloween. Sun gudu na tsawon shekaru biyu, kuma sun hada da mutane sama da 70. Wadannan sun hada da Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell,  a kan tuhumar cin amana.

"Malaman" da ake zargin sun gudanar da ayyukansu a kan Auld Kirk Green, wani ɓangare na yankin Arewacin Berwick Harbour na zamani. An cire ikirari ta hanyar azabtarwa a Tsohon Tolbooth, Edinburgh. Ɗaya daga cikin tushen waɗannan abubuwan shine ɗan littafin 1591 Newes daga Scotland . Sarki James VI ya rubuta wani rubutu game da maita da necromancy mai taken Daemonology a cikin shekara ta 1597.

Gwaje-gwaje na Arewacin Berwick sun kasance daga cikin sanannun gwaje-gwajen maƙaryaci da yawa a farkon Scotland na zamani tsakanin farkon karni na sha shida da tsakiyar karni na sha takwas.

 Haɗin Danish 
Wannan shine farkon tsanantawar maita a Scotland, kuma ya fara ne da wata shari'a mai ban sha'awa da ta shafi gidajen sarauta na Denmark-Norway da Scotland. Sarki James VI ya tashi zuwa Copenhagen don ya auri Anne ta Denmark, 'yar'uwar Christian IV na Denmark. A lokacin da suka dawo Scotland sun fuskanci mummunar guguwa kuma dole ne su nemi mafaka a Norway na makonni da yawa kafin su ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, an farfado da sha'awar Gwajin maƙaryaci a Denmark saboda ci gaba da gwajin maƙaryanci na Trier a Jamus, wanda aka bayyana kuma aka tattauna a Denmark.

Admiral na rundunar sojojin Denmark, Peder Munk ya yi jayayya da mai ba da kuɗi Christoffer Valkendorff game da yanayin jiragen da aka yi amfani da su don jigilar Anne na Denmark. An zargi guguwar ne a kan matar wani jami'in a Copenhagen wanda ya zagi. An gudanar da Gwajin maƙaryaci na Copenhagen a watan Yulin shekara ta 1590.  Ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Denmark na farko da aka azabtar ita ce Anna Koldings, wacce, lokacin da aka azabta ta, ta bayyana sunayen wasu mata biyar; daya daga cikinsu shine Malin, matar burgomaster na Helsingor. Dukansu sun furta cewa suna da laifin maita a cikin tayar da guguwa wanda ya yi barazanar tafiyar Sarauniya Anne, kuma a daren Halloween sun aika da aljanu su hau kan keel na jirgin ta. A watan Satumba, an ƙone mata biyu a matsayin mayu a Kronborg. James ya ji labarai daga Denmark game da wannan kuma ya yanke shawarar kafa kotunsa, yana tunanin makircin duniya na mayu.

 Wanda ake zargi 
Manyan maƙaryaci da ake zargi da kai tsaye da ke cikin gwaji sune: [6]

 Agnes Sampson
 Barbara Napier, surukar Archibald Douglas na Carshogle . 
 Dokta Fian (John Cunningham) 
 Euphame MacCalzean
 Geillis Duncan
 Robert Grierson
 Lennit Bandilandis
 Matar Porter ta Seaton
 Smith na gadar Hallis
 Matar George Mott - Margaret Acheson 
 Alanis Muir
 Sauran da ba a ambaci sunayensu ba

Fiye da 100 da ake zargi da maƙaryaci a Arewacin Berwick an kama su. Da yawa sun furta a karkashin azabtarwa cewa sun sadu da Iblis a cikin coci da dare, kuma sun ba da kansu ga yin mugunta, gami da guba ga Sarki da sauran danginsa, da kuma ƙoƙarin nutse jirgin Sarki.[1] A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1591 James VI ya umarci David Seton ko Seaton na Tranent don neman mutanen da ake zargi da suka gudu zuwa Ingila. Jakadan Ingila Robert Bowes ya rubuta cewa waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun kasance "mafi munin nau'in mayu".[undefined] Bawan David Seton Geillis Duncan ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma na farko.[2]￼

Manyan mutane biyu da ake zargi sune Agnes Sampson, wata mace mai daraja kuma tsohuwa daga Humbie, da Dokta John Fian, malamin makaranta da masanin a Prestonpans. Dukansu biyu da farko sun ki yin ikirari kuma an azabtar da su sosai. An kawo Sampson a gaban Sarki James da majalisa. Ta musanta duk zarge-zargen, amma bayan azabtarwa, ta furta. Ta hanyar umarni na musamman, an aske gashin kanta da jikinta kuma an ɗaure ta a bangon tantanin ta ta hanyar ƙuƙwalwar ƙarfe, kayan aikin ƙarfe tare da ƙuƙwalwa 4 masu kaifi da aka tilasta a cikin baki, don haka ƙuƙuka biyu sun matsa a kan harshe, kuma sauran biyu a kan kumatu. An tsare ta ba tare da barci ba kuma an jefa ta da igiya a kanta. Bayan wadannan wahala ta furta tuhume-tuhumen 53 da aka yi mata. Daga karshe an maƙure ta kuma an ƙone ta a matsayin maƙaryaci. A cewar Newes daga Scotland, (1591), Sampson ya furta cewa ya halarci Asabar tare da mayu 200, gami da Giellis Duncan . 

Dokta Fian ma ya sha wahala mai tsanani. An cire yatsunsa da karfi, sannan aka taya ƙuƙwalwar ƙarfe. An azabtar da shi da pilliwinks, da takalmin. Daga karshe an kai Fian zuwa Castlehill a Edinburgh kuma an ƙone shi a kan gungume a ranar 16 ga Disamba. Shaidar Fian ta nuna cewa Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell ya shiga cikin wani makirci mai ban mamaki, wanda ya kawo wani bangare na siyasa a cikin gwaje-gwajen da ke gudana. A cewar Christopher Smout, tsakanin 3,000 da 4,000 da ake zargi da maƙaryaci a Scotland a cikin shekarun 1560-1707. 

 Geillis Duncan 
An haɗa maƙaryaci na Scotland da hadari ta hanyar shaidar Gillis Duncan (ko Geillis Duncan). Ta kasance bawan David Seaton a Tranent, wanda ya tilasta mata yin ikirari. A bayyane yake Duncan ba zato ba tsammani ya fara nuna ikon warkarwa na mu'ujiza kuma zai fita daga gidan da dare. Lokacin da Seaton ya fuskanci ta, ba ta iya bayyana sabon iyawarta da halayenta na ban mamaki ba kuma ya azabtar da ita. Yayinda ta sami damar tsayayya da nau'o'in azabtarwa da yawa ciki har da pilliwinks, daga ƙarshe ta furta maita lokacin da aka yi amfani da hanyar bincike (bincike shine inda za a 'neman' mai kama da maƙaryaci kamar ƙwallo ko alamar haihuwa, wannan za a ayyana shi a matsayin Alamar maƙaryaci)  kuma a zargi wasu da yawa da maita.  A cewar littafin zamani Newes from Scotland, 1591, ta ambaci mutane da yawa, mata da maza:

 Manazarta