Stoat a New Zealand

An gabatar da stoat (Mustela erminea) a cikin New Zealand don sarrafa zomaye da zomaye, amma yanzu babbar barazana ce ga yawan tsuntsayen. Yanayin yanayin stoat yana iyakance ga sassan Arewacin Hemisphere. Nan da nan kafin zaman jama'a, New Zealand ba ta da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa na ƙasa ban da jemagu, amma mazauna Polynesia da Turai sun gabatar da dabbobi iri-iri. Ba kasafai ba, a Southland, an ba da rahoton cewa fur na stoats ya zama fari, kasancewar gashin da aka fi sani da ermine, wanda ke ƙawata riguna na sarauta.

 Gabatarwa na stoats 
Turawan ƙawance ne suka gabatar da zomo a matsayin abincin abinci da naman dabbobi, kuma a shekarun 1870 ya zama babbar barazana ga sabuwar tattalin arzikin noma da ta haɓaka. Manoma sun fara neman bullo da mustelids (ciki har da stoats) don shawo kan annobar zomo. Masana kimiyya a New Zealand da Biritaniya sun ba da gargaɗi game da haɗarin da ke tattare da rayuwar tsuntsu daga stoats, ciki har da Masanin ilimin ornithologist na New Zealand Walter Buller. An yi watsi da gargaɗin kuma an fara gabatar da stoats daga Biritaniya a cikin 1880s. A cikin shekaru shida, an lura da raguwar yawan tsuntsaye.

A shekara ta 1930 kungiyar Auckland Acclimatisation Society ta yi kamfen don kawo karshen kariya ga mustelids da cats.

Kokarin juyawa na mai kula da kariya na New Zealand Richard Henry an cire shi lokacin da stoats suka yi iyo zuwa Resolution Island. An kawar da Stoats daga Tsibirin Chalky da sauran tsibirai na Fiordland a farkon shekarun 2000, kuma masana kimiyya sun ɗauka cewa ba za su iya ƙetare shingen ruwa na 300 m ba, amma stoats sun zama suna iya sake mamayewa: gwajin DNA ya tabbatar da cewa stoats suna yin iyo a kai a kai zuwa tsibirai a lokacin rani, musamman a cikin shekaru mast tsawo. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, an ga wani abu a kan abin da aka yi tunanin Tsibirin Kapiti ne mara kyau, kuma a watan Agusta na shekara mai zuwa Ma'aikatar Karewa ta New Zealand ta sami nasarar cire uku. Da alama ba zai yiwu ba cewa wani stoat zai iya tsallaka tsawon kilomita biyar na bude teku daga Kapiti Coast  amma sun cika masu iyo: a cikin gwaji a cikin tanki mai ruwa, wani stoat ya yi tafiya a kan matsakaiciyar halin yanzu na sa'o'i biyu ba tare da tsayawa ba, daidai da yin iyo 1.8 km. 

 Barazanar rayuwar tsuntsaye 
New Zealand tana da kaso mai yawa na tsutsotsin ƙasa da tsuntsayen da ba su tashi ba, saboda tsayin daka na keɓewar ƙasa da kuma ƙarancin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsuntsaye na asali sun samo asali ne don cike wuraren da dabbobi masu shayarwa ke shagaltar da su a yawancin sauran wurare. Stoats sune babbar barazana ga waɗannan tsuntsaye masu rarrafe na ƙasa da ramuka, waɗanda ke da iyakacin hanyoyin tserewa tururuwa. A wasu yankunan mutanen whio yanzu kashi 70% maza ne, daga tururuwa suna kai hari kan agwagi mata masu kwai.Hansford, Dave (July–August 2018). "The first test". New Zealand Geographic. 152: 74–91.
Baya ga tsuntsaye, stoats na cin kwari, beraye da beraye. A lokacin "ƙudan zuma", lokacin da bishiyoyin kudan zuma (nau'in Nothofagus) suke samar da nau'in iri mai yawa fiye da na al'ada, yawan stoat yana fuskantar canje-canje a halin tsinkaya. Tare da yawan adadin iri na beech, berayen da beraye suna karuwa sosai, kuma karuwar ganima yana ƙarfafa kiwo. Lambobin stoat mafi girma suna rage yawan rodents kuma stoats suna farautar tsuntsaye. Misali, yawan jama’ar dajin da ke cikin hadarin ya ragu da kashi uku a tsakanin shekarar 2006 zuwa 2007, bayan wata annoba da ta barke a shekarar 2005-2006 ta shafe fiye da rabin takin a wuraren da ba a iyakance adadin stoat ta hanyar tarko.

 Matakan sarrafawa 
Stoats suna da wuyar sarrafawa tunda suna da jin kunya, tarko-daidaitawa, kuma suna da yawan haihuwa. A wasu yankuna inda akwai yawan tsuntsaye masu haɗari, an aiwatar da shirin kamawa. Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce amfani da ramin stoat - akwatin katako tare da karamin ƙofar a gefe ɗaya don ba da damar stoat ya shiga. Sau da yawa ƙwai ne kuma ana sanya tarko a cikin ramin don kashe stoat. Gwaje-gwaje na baya-bayan nan na sabon ƙirar tarkon tsayawa don yankuna masu nisa sun kasance masu ƙarfafawa.

"Mainland Islands", yankunan da aka kare a kan ƙasar New Zealand waɗanda ke amfani da iko mai zurfi na kwari da aka gabatar,  sun tsaya kamawa a kan iyakar su. Ana amfani da shinge mai tabbatar da mai farauta, ta amfani da kyakkyawar igiya, don kiyaye stoats daga wuraren da aka kare. An kuma bincika hanyoyin ƙuntata kiwon dabbobi.

A cikin watan Agusta 2022 wani namiji guda stoat ya sami nasarar yin iyo zuwa tsibirin Chalky, muhimmiyar mafaka da filin kiwo na kakapo aku mai hatsarin gaske. Da yake ganin cewa babbar barazana ce ga namun dajin tsibirin, hukumar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta New Zealand (DOC) ta kaddamar da wani gagarumin aiki na kawar da shi, wanda ya hada da kwararru masu kama tarko, karnuka, kyamarorin sawu, jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen ruwa. Aikin dai ya kai kimanin dalar Amurka 300,000 kuma ya dauki watanni takwas har sai da aka kama barayin da aka kashe. DOC ta kare tsadar farashin, inda ta bayyana cewa madadin zai kasance yana tashi da kakapo daga tsibirin, tare da kudin da ya kai miliyoyin.

 Shari'a 
Ko da yake an san stoats a matsayin kwaro mai yuwuwa kafin a shigar da su cikin New Zealand, an ba su kariya a ƙarshen 1936. A matsayin hanyar hana asarar rayayyun halittu, yanzu akwai hukunci mai tsanani na gabatar da stoats a cikin wuraren da aka karewa.

 Dubi kuma 

 Karewa a New Zealand
 Tsuntsaye na New Zealand
 Dabbobi masu mamayewa a New Zealand

 Bayanan da aka ambata 


 Haɗin waje 

 Tsuntsaye a Ma'aikatar Karewa
 Ferret da Stoat Binciken da aka adana 2011-06-14 a  a Landcare Research
 Stoats da cats a Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New ZealandTe Ara: Encyclopedia na New Zealand
 "Mutuwa ta ɓace", Otago Daily Times, 24 Janairu 2022