Mohammed Hussein Heikal

Mohammed Hussein Heikal  ( Arabic    ; Agusta 20, 1888 - Disamba 8, 1956) marubuci ne, ɗan jarida, ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Masar . Ya riƙe mukamai da dama na majalisar ministoci, ciki har da ministan ilimi .

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Haekal a Kafr Ghannam, Mansoura, Ad Daqahliyah a shekarar 1888. Ya sami digirin BA a fannin Shari'a a shekarar 1909 da kuma digirin PhD daga Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke Paris a shekarar 1912. A lokacin da yake ɗalibi a Paris, ya rubuta abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin littafin Masar na farko mai inganci, Zaynab . Bayan ya koma Masar, ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya na tsawon shekaru 10, sannan ya zama ɗan jarida . Ya buga labarai a cikin Al Jarida . Shi ne wanda ya kafa jaridar Al Siyasa, reshen jam'iyyar Liberal Constitutionalist wacce shi ma ya kasance mai ba da shawara a kanta [1] kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin babban editan ta. A shekarar 1937, an naɗa shi ministan ƙasa na ma'aikatar cikin gida a gwamnatin Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha ta biyu. A watan Nuwamban 1940 aka naɗa shi ministan ilimi a majalisar ministocin da Hussein Sirri Pasha ya jagoranta. [2] A cikin wannan mukami ya gabatar da gyare-gyare da dama, ciki har da rarraba iko, ta hanyar kafa yankunan ilimi da kuma yin shirye-shirye da manhajoji waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan ƙasa baki ɗaya. Ya sami tasiri sosai daga gyare-gyaren da Mohammad Abduh, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed da Qasim Amin suka yi masa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi masa hidima shi ne masanin tarihi Husayn Fawzi al-Najjar .

Heikal shine uban 'ya'ya bakwai: Ateya, Taheya, Hussein, Hedeya, Bahiga, Fayza Haikal, da Ahmad. Fayza tana koyar da ilimin kimiyyar Egyptology a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira . [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

 Rubutu 
Masu suka da yawa sun ɗauki littafin Zeinab, wanda Heikal ya rubuta a shekarar 1913, a matsayin 'littafin zamani na farko na Masar.  Duk da haka, wasu masana sun yi muhawara kan wannan, inda Elliot Colla ya cimma matsaya cewa wannan lakabin yana da alaƙa da "buƙatun cibiyoyin ƙasa kamar sinima, Majalisar Dokoki, ko Jami'ar Alkahira, a lokutan kafawa ko gyara fiye da yadda yake da rubuce-rubucen kansu."  Colla ya ci gaba da cewa Zaynab ta zama wani ɓangare na al'adar adabi ta ƙasa ba a lokacin da aka fara samar da ita ba amma a cikin yanayi na karɓa da sake bugawa da aka haɗa da wasu muhimman abubuwan da ba na adabi ba.

 Zainab, (زينب) 1914.  Elkhadem, Saad (1978-01-01). "On the Rise of the Egyptian Novel". International Fiction Review. ISSN 1911-186X.
 Tarihin Rayuwar Mutane 'Yan Masar da na Yamma, 1929.
 Rayuwar Muhammad, 1933. (حياة محمد)
 A cikin Gidan Wahayi, 1939. (فى منزل الوحى).
 "Kwana goma a Sudan" (عشرة أيام فى السودان)
 Sayyidina Al Farouq Omar, 1944/45.
 Tunawa kan siyasar Masar, 1951-53. ( مذكرات فى السياسة المصرية)
 Haka Aka Ƙirƙira Ni, 1955.
 Imani, Ilimi da Falsafa, an buga shi a shekarar 1964.
 Daular Musulunci da wurare masu tsarki, an buga a shekarar 1964.
 Gajerun labaran Masar, an buga su a shekarar 1967.
 Sayyidina Uthman Ibn Affan, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1968.
 Mehraj-ud-din beigh, Larabci master

 Ƙarin karatu 

 (a cikin Jamusanci) Baber Johansen: Muhammad Husain Haikal. Europa und der Orient im Weltbild eines ägytischen Liberalen. (Series: Beiruter Texte und Studien, BTS, 5) Ergon, Würzburg da al-Furat, Beirut 1967
 Ibrahim Fawzy Ibrahim. Matsalar zamani da rikicin tunanin sassaucin ra'ayi na Masar: sabon karatu a cikin wani tsohon rubutu na almara. MAKOKIN ARAB (AL MUSTAQBAL AL ARABI), Lamba ta 535, Satumba 2023.



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