Kisan Meredith Kercher

Meredith Susanna Cara Kercher (28 Disamba 1985 - 1 Nuwamba 2007) daliba ce ta Burtaniya a musayar daga Jami'ar Leeds wacce aka kashe tana da shekaru 21 a Perugia, Italiya . An sami Kercher ta mutu a bene na ɗakinta. A lokacin da aka gano yatsun yatsa masu jini a wurin na Rudy Guede, wani baƙo na Ivory Coast, 'yan sanda sun caje Aboki zama na Kercher na Amurka, Amanda Knox, da kuma saurayin Knox na Italiya, Raffaele Sollecito. Shari'ar da ta biyo baya na Knox da Sollecito sun sami tallace-tallace na duniya, tare da masana shari'a da lauyoyi suna da ra'ayi mai mahimmanci game da shaidar da ke goyan bayan hukunce-hukuncen laifi na farko.

An saki Knox da Sollecito bayan kusan shekaru hudu bayan an wanke su a matakin shari'a na biyu. Nan da nan Knox ya koma Amurka. An yi wa Guede shari'a daban a cikin tsari mai sauri, kuma a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008 an same shi da laifin cin zarafin jima'i da kisan Kercher. Daga baya ya gaji da tsarin daukaka kara kuma ya fara yin shekaru 16 da hukuncin. A ranar 4 ga Disamba 2020, kotun Italiya ta yanke hukuncin cewa Guede na iya kammala wa'adinsa ta hanyar yin hidimar al'umma. An saki Guede daga kurkuku a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2021.

Kotun Koli ta Italiya ta ayyana hukuncin daukaka kara na wankewa a shekarar 2013 saboda "bayyanar rashin fahimta". Dole ne a sake maimaita shari'ar daukaka kara; sun faru ne a Florence, inda aka sake yanke musu hukunci a shekarar 2014. Kotun Koli ta soke hukuncin Knox da Sollecito a ranar 27 ga Maris 2015. Kotun Koli ta yi kira ga tanadin fasaha. 530 sakin layi na 2. na Dokar Shari'ar Italiya ("ba shakka mai ma'ana") kuma ya ba da umarnin cewa kada a gudanar da ƙarin shari'a, wanda ya haifar da wanke su da kuma ƙarshen shari'ar. Hukuncin ya nuna cewa kamar yadda shaidar kimiyya ta kasance "tsakiya" ga shari'ar, akwai "rashin nasarar bincike mai ban sha'awa", "amnesia", da kuma "rashin laifi" daga bangaren hukumomin bincike.

 Meredith Kercher 
alt=photograph|right|thumb|Kercher ya isa Perugia a watan Agustan 2007.
Meredith Susanna Cara Kercher (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 1985 a Southwark, Kudancin London), wacce abokanta suka sani da "Mez", ta zauna a Coulsdon, Kudancin London. Ta yi karatu a makarantar Old Palace a Croydon . Tana da sha'awar yaren da al'adun Italiya, kuma bayan tafiyar musayar makaranta, ta dawo tana da shekaru 15 don yin hutun bazara tare da iyali a Sessa Aurunca . 

Kercher ya yi karatun siyasar Turai da Italiyanci a Jami'ar Leeds . Yin aiki a matsayin barmaid, jagorar yawon shakatawa, da kuma gabatarwa don tallafa wa kanta, ta yi fitowar cameo a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Kristian Leontiou "Some Say" a shekara ta 2004.  Ta yi burin yin aiki ga Tarayyar Turai ko kuma a matsayin 'yar jarida. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, ta halarci Jami'ar Perugia, inda ta fara darussan tarihin zamani, ka'idar siyasa, da tarihin fim. Abokan ɗalibai daga baya sun bayyana ta a matsayin mai kulawa, mai basira, mai basirara, kuma sananne.

 Hanyar Pergola 7 
Perugia tana da yawan mutane 150,000, daga cikinsu fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu ɗalibai ne, da yawa daga ƙasashen waje. A cikin birni, Kercher ya raba ɗakuna huɗu, bene na farko a cikin gida a Via della Pergola 7.  Abokan gidanta mata biyu ne na Italiya a ƙarshen shekarunsu na 20, Filomena Romanelli da Laura Mezzetti, da kuma ɗalibar Amurka mai shekaru 20 daga Jami'ar Washington, Amanda Knox, wacce ke halartar Jami'ar Baƙi a Perugia a cikin shekara ta musayar. Kercher ya koma a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2007, kuma Knox ya koma a kan 20 ga Satumba. Kercher yawanci tana kiran mahaifiyarta kowace rana a wayar hannu. Wayar hannu ta biyu da ta yi amfani da ita an yi rajista ga abokin zama, Romanelli .

Ƙananan matakin gidan ya mamaye samari hudu na Italiya waɗanda Kercher da Knox suka kasance abokantaka da su. Kercher da Knox sun fita da nisa daga gidansu, da yammacin wata dare a tsakiyar Oktoba. Sun koma gida da karfe 2:00 na safe, kuma sun sadu da Rudy Guede. An gayyaci Guede zuwa cikin ƙananan matakin daga wasu daga cikin masu haya na Italiya. Kercher da Knox sun bar karfe 4:30 na safe.

Kercher da Knox sun halarci bikin YuroChocolate a tsakiyar Oktoba. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba sun halarci kide-kide na kiɗa na gargajiya, inda Knox ya sadu da Raffaele Sollecito, dalibi mai shekaru 23 na kimiyyar kwamfuta,  a Jami'ar Perugia. 

 Ganin karshe 
Ranar farko ta Nuwamba (Ranar Dukkanin Masu Tsarki) hutu ne na jama'a a Italiya. Abokan gidan Kercher na Italiya, da mazaunan da ke ƙasa, sun fita daga garin. Kercher ya ci abincin dare tare da mata uku na Ingila a daya daga cikin gidansu a wannan maraice. Ta rabu da aboki a kusa da 8:45 na yamma, kimanin yadudduka 500 (460  daga Via della Pergola 7.  

Labarin Knox shine cewa ta kwana da Sollecito, kuma ta koma Via della Pergola 7 a safiyar 2 ga Nuwamba 2007. Ta sami ƙofar gaba a buɗe. Rashin jini yana cikin gidan wanka wanda ta raba tare da Kercher. An kulle kofar ɗakin kwana na Kercher, kuma Knox ya yi tunanin cewa Kercher yana barci. Knox ta yi wanka a cikin gidan wanka wanda ita da Kercher suka raba. Ta sami datti a cikin bayan gida na gidan wanka na Romanelli da Mezzetti. Ta koma gidan Sollecito, sannan daga baya ta koma tare da shi zuwa Via della Pergola 7. Sollecito ya lura da fashewar taga a cikin ɗakin Romanelli. Ya firgita cewa Kercher bai amsa kofarta ba, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya tilasta shi ya buɗe. Daga nan sai ya kira 'yar'uwarsa, wacce ta kasance mataimaki a cikin Carabinieri, don shawara. Ta shawarce shi da ya kira lambar gaggawa 112, wanda ya yi.

 Binciken jikin 
Romanelli ya isa gidan bayan ya karbi kiran waya daga Knox. Romanelli ba da gangan ba ta dame wurin aikata laifuka, saboda ta yi yawo, tana neman duk wani abu da ya ɓace. Ta damu saboda wani makwabci ya gano wayoyi biyu da Kercher ke ɗauka tare da ita a cikin lambun da ke kusa. Romanelli ya nemi 'yan sanda su tilasta bude kofar ɗakin kwana na Kercher, amma sun ki. Abokin Romanelli ya tilasta wa ƙofar buɗe da misalin karfe 1:15 na yamma. An gano jikin Kercher a ciki, yana kwance a ƙasa, an rufe shi da duvet. 

 Binciken gawa 
Masanin ilimin cututtuka Luca Lalli, daga cibiyar kimiyyar shari'a ta Perugia, ya yi Binciken gawa a jikin Kercher. Raunin da ta samu ya kunshi raunuka 16 da yanka bakwai, gami da mummunan yanka a wuyanta. Wadannan sun hada da raunuka da yawa da kuma wasu yankan da ba su da mahimmanci a hannun hannu. Rashin rauni a hanci, hanci, baki, da kuma ƙarƙashin jawinta sun dace da hannun da aka ɗora a bakinta da hanci. Rahoton binciken gawawwakin Lalli ya sake dubawa daga likitoci uku daga cibiyar kimiyya ta Perugia, wadanda suka fassara raunin, gami da wasu ga yankin jima'i, kamar yadda suke nuna yunkurin hana Kercher a lokacin tashin hankali na jima'i.

 Kabari 
An gudanar da jana'izar a ranar 14 ga Disamba 2007 a Croydon Minster, tare da fiye da mutane 300 da suka halarta, sannan aka yi jana'izar sirri a Kabari na Mitcham Road .  Jami'ar Leeds ce ta ba da digiri da Kercher zai samu a shekara ta 2009.

 Asusun tallafin karatu na Meredith Kercher 
Shekaru biyar bayan kisan, birnin Perugia da Jami'ar ta na 'yan kasashen waje, tare da hadin gwiwar ofishin jakadancin Italiya a London, sun kafa asusun tallafi don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar Meredith Kercher .  John Kercher ya bayyana a cikin wata hira cewa duk ribar da aka samu daga littafinsa Meredith za ta je tushe na sadaka a cikin sunan Meredith Kercher.

 Hanyar aikata laifuka ta Italiya 
alt=photograph|thumb|Hoton Perugia, garin da Kercher, Knox da Sollecito suka kasance dalibai
A Italiya, kamar yadda yake a mafi yawan ƙasashe, ana ɗaukar mutanen da ake zargi da kowane laifi ba su da laifi har sai an tabbatar da laifi, kodayake ana iya tsare wanda ake tuhuma. Sai dai idan wanda ake tuhuma ya zaɓi yin shari'a da sauri, kotun da ake tuhuma za ta saurari shari'ar kisan kai. Wannan kotun tana da ikon yin shari'ar manyan laifuka, watau, laifukan da mafi girman hukuncin su ya fara ne a shekaru 24 a kurkuku. Ba a dauki hukunci mai laifi a matsayin hukunci na ƙarshe ba har sai wanda ake tuhuma ya gama tsarin daukaka kara, ba tare da la'akari da yawan lokutan da ake tuhuma a gaban shari'a baPisani, Mario; et al.; Manuale di procedura penale. Bologna, Monduzzi Editore, 2006. .

Gwaje-gwaje na Italiya na iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa kuma suna da dogon gibin tsakanin sauraro; an ji gwajin farko na Knox da Sollecito kwana biyu a mako, na makonni uku a wata. Idan aka same shi da laifi, ana tabbatar da wanda ake tuhuma abin da ke cikin sake shari'a, inda za'a iya sake bincika duk shaidu da shaidu.

Kotun Koli ta Italiya, Corte di Cassazione (cassation shine sokewa hukuncin shari'a), wanda ke la'akari da rubuce-rubuce. Idan Kotun Cassazione ta soke hukunci, ta bayyana waɗanne ka'idojin doka ne kotun ta keta, wanda hakan dole ne ya bi hukuncin yayin sake shari'ar. Idan Kotun Cassazione ta goyi bayan hukuncin da aka yanke na shari'ar daukaka kara, hukuncin ya zama na ƙarshe, tsarin daukaka kara ya ƙare, kuma ana ba da kowane hukunci.Pisani, Mario; et al.; Manuale di procedura penale. Bologna, Monduzzi Editore, 2006. .

 Rudy Guede 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
alt=Mug shot of Rudy Hermann Guede taken by police some time before his arrest for the murder of Meredith Kercher|thumb|Mug harbi na Rudy Hermann Guede daga farkon 2007 kafin a kama shi saboda kisan kai
Rudy Hermann Guede (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba 1986, Abidjan, Ivory Coast) yana da shekaru 20 a lokacin kisan.  Ya zauna a Perugia tun yana da shekaru biyar tare da mahaifinsa mai baƙo mai auren mata da yawa. A Italiya, Guede ya girma ne tare da taimakon malaman makarantarsa, firist na yankin, da sauransu. Mahaifin Guede ya koma Ivory Coast a shekara ta 2004. Rudy ya yi yawo kuma an ciyar da shi, an yi masa ado, kuma an sanya shi ta hanyar gidaje masu kyau, har zuwa lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 lokacin da dangin Perugian masu arziki suka karbe shi. Ya buga wasan Kwando ga tawagar matasa ta Perugia a kakar 2004-2005. 

Guede ya sauya makaranta sau da yawa, kuma bai nuna sha'awar ayyukan da danginsa suka shirya masa ba. Iyalinsa masu kula sun nemi ya bar gidansu a tsakiyar shekara ta 2007  . 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba