Kabari na Laurel

Kabarin Laurel tsohon kabari ne na Afirka da Amurka a Baltimore, Maryland . Fiye da shekaru ɗari, makabarta ta zama wurin hutawa na ƙarshe na dubban 'yan ƙasa daga al'ummar Afirka ta Maryland. Bayan ya fada cikin lalacewa, masu haɓaka sun sayi filin makabartar kuma an gina cibiyar cin kasuwa a saman.

 Tarihi 
A shekara ta 1851, an sayi ƙasa daga Thomas Burgan Jr. don amfani da shi azaman makabartar.[1][2] An kafa Kabari na Laurel ba da daɗewa ba a matsayin makabartar farko ta ba tare da addini ba ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka a Baltimore.[3][4] A shekara ta 1881, makabarta ta rufe kadada 28.[5] A wannan shekarar, makabarta ta lalace sosai lokacin da guguwa ta buge Baltimore a Lokacin guguwar Atlantika ta 1881. [6]￼

A cikin shekarun 1880, makabarta ita ce wurin da aka gudanar da jerin abubuwan da suka faru na satar kabari da dama daga cikin masu tono kabari suka gudanar. A cikin shekarun 1920, makabarta ta fara fadawa cikin lalacewa. A shekara ta 1958, wani mai haɓakawa ya sayi shafin duk da ƙin yarda daga al'umma.   Lokacin da masu haɓakawa suka sayi shafin, za a motsa ragowar mazaunan makabartar. Bincike daga baya ya gano cewa masu haɓakawa galibi ba su bi buƙatun sake dawo da ragowar ba. An kiyasta cewa ragowar tsakanin 18,000 da 40,000 a Kabari na Laurel sun kasance a ƙarƙashin cibiyar Siyayya ta Belair Edison Crossing wacce yanzu ke zaune a shafin.

 Shirin Kabari na Laurel 
A shekarar 2014, farfesoshi daga Jami'ar Baltimore da Jami'ar Jihar Coppin sun ƙirƙiri Aikin Makabartar Laurel don koya wa ɗalibai game da kula da albarkatun al'adu, tarihi, ilmin kayan tarihi, da dorewar muhalli ta hanyar yin aiki a wurin.[1][2] Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda ke gudanar da aiki a wurin, tun daga lokacin sun gano gawarwakin mutane, duwatsun kan mutum da sauran kayan jana'iza a wurin da aka gina makabartar.[3][4]￼￼￼

 Shahararrun fursunoni 

 Reverend Alexander Walker Wayman, (1821-1895) Mai wa'azi da bishop 
 Amelia E. Johnson, (1858 -1922) marubuciya kuma mawakiyar Kanada 
 Daniel Payne, (1811-1893) Bishop na Amurka, malami, mai kula da kwaleji kuma marubuci 
 Harvey Johnson, (1843 -1923) fasto, mai fafutuka, kuma shugaban Union Baptist Church 
 George William Commodore, (1925-1885) Masanin jirgin ruwa na Amurka, ya yi aiki a cikin Potomac Flotilla a cikin USS Adolph Hugel 
 Margaret Jane Blake, (1811-1880) tsohuwar mace bautar kuma daga baya batun labarin rayuwa  
 Mary Ella Mossell, (1853-1886) Mishan na Episcopal na Methodist na Afirka a Haiti 
 "Big Winnie" Johnson (1839-1888) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka "Fat Lady" 
 Isaac Myers, (1835-1891) mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar kwadago, mai shirya hadin gwiwa da caulker 
 Dokta Thomas A. Killion, (ya mutu 1903) likitan Afirka-Amurka kuma mahaifin Adah Jenkins 
 Hiram T. Watty, (1844-1905) memba na Majalisar Birnin Baltimore daga 1899 zuwa 1905  
 Frederick B. McGinnis, (ya mutu a shekara ta 1896) ma'aikacin sirri ga P.G.T. Beauregard da Jefferson Davis 
 Eliza Blackstone, (1782-1904) ta yi ikirarin supercentarian mai shekaru 122 
 Reverend William H.B. Vodery, (d. 1884) farfesa na tsoffin harsuna a Jami'ar Lincoln, mahaifin Will Vodery 
 Lucy Welsh (d. 1903) Gidan kayan gargajiya na dime "Fat Lady"  
 Kyaftin Edward J. Wheatley, (d. 1896) mai mallakar jirgin ruwa kuma mai aikin jirgin ruwa, mutum na farko mai launi don mallakar wurin shakatawa a Maryland, Galesville Beach 

 Sojojin Amurka masu launi 
An binne sojoji 229 daga Sojojin Amurka a Kabari na Laurel .  Daga baya aka binne waɗannan ragowar a cikin sabon makabartar ƙasa a Loudon Park .  Sun hada da:

 Samuel Simon, Kamfanin Sojoji na 125, New Jersey, Satumba 19, 1865 
 Daniel Williams, Kamfanin E 43rd Infantry, New Jersey, Mayu 5, 1864 

 Kabarin Harmony na Columbian, kabari na tarihin Afirka na Washington, DC wanda ya sha wahala iri ɗaya a kusan lokaci ɗaya a lokaci guda

 Manazarta