Marocchinate

Marocchinate (Italiyanci don 'aikin Moroccan'; furta [marokkiˈnaːte]) kalma ce da ake amfani da ita ga fyaɗe da kisan gillar da aka yi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu bayan Yaƙin Monte Cassino a Italiya. Waɗannan galibin su ne Goumiers na Morocco, sojojin mulkin mallaka na Rundunar Sojin Faransa (FEC), French: Corps Expéditionaire Français (CEF) or Corps Expéditionaire Français en Italie (CEFI wanda Janar Alphonse Juin ke jagoranta, kuma galibi sun kai hari ga mata da 'yan mata fararen hula (da kuma wasu maza da yara maza) a yankunan karkara na Kudancin Lazio, tsakanin Naples da Rome. An ci gaba da yin fyaɗe a duk faɗin kamfen ɗin, ciki har da wurare da dama a Tuscany: Siena, Abbadia S. Salvatore, Radicofani, Murlo, Strove, Poggibonsi, Elsa, S. Quirico d'Orcia, Colle Val d'Elsa.

 Bayani 
Goumiers sojoji ne na mulkin mallaka marasa tsari waɗanda suka kafa Goums Marocains, waɗanda kusan rukunin kamfanoni ne da aka haɗa su a cikin Tabors (battalions) da Groupes (rajista). Uku daga cikin rukunoni, Rukunin 1, 3 da 4 na Tabors, sun yi aiki a FEC tare da rukunoni huɗu na yau da kullun: Rukunin 1 na 'Yanci na Faransa, Rukunin 2 na Sojojin Moroccan, Rukunin 3 na Sojojin Algeria da Rukunin Dutsen Moroccan na 4. Janar Augustin Guillaume ne ya jagoranci Goums Marocains.

Sojojin Moroccan na yau da kullun (tirailleurs marocains) suma sun yi aiki a Italiya amma suna ƙarƙashin tsauraran horo kuma suna da yawan jami'ai fiye da goumiers marasa tsari.Montagnon, Pierre (2012). L'Armee d'Afrique. Pygmalion. pp. 342–343. ISBN 978-2-7564-0574-2

A ranar 14 ga Mayu 1944, Goumiers suka yi tafiya a kan tsaunukan da ba za a iya wucewa ba a cikin tsaunukan Aurunci, suka wuce tsaron Jamus a kwarin Liri da ke makwabtaka, suna taimaka wa rundunar sojojin Burtaniya ta XIII ta rundunar soja ta takwas, don karya layin Gustav sannan su ci gaba zuwa matsayin tsaro na gaba, wato layin Hitler.

An yi zargin cewa Janar Alphonse Juin ya ce kafin yaƙin: "Na tsawon awanni hamsin za ku zama masu cikakken iko kan abin da za ku samu bayan abokan gaba. Babu wanda zai hukunta ku saboda abin da za ku yi, babu wanda zai tambaye ku game da abin da za ku yi.""Crimini di Guerra in Ciociaria" [War Crimes in Ciociaria]. Dal Volturno a Cassino (in Italian). Duk da cewa babu wata shaida ta irin wannan furucin da Janar Juin ya yi, a shekarar 2007, Baris Tomaso ya ba da hujjar hakan ta hanyar da'awar cewa yana da alaƙa da fahimtar laifukan da Italiyawa suka aikata maimakon manufar rundunar sojojin Faransa.Baris, Tommaso. "Le corps expéditionnaire français en Italie – Violences des " libérateurs " durant l'été 1944" [The French Expeditionary Corps in Italy – Violence of the "liberators" during the summer of 1944] (in French).

Har zuwa 1944, gwamnatin Italiya ta nuna sha'awa da kuma sha'awar tashin hankalin kuma ta tattara bayanai game da wadanda abin ya shafa.[5] Zuwa Disamba 1948, an gabatar da ƙararraki 10,000 ga hukumomin Italiya amma kuɗaɗen sun yi ƙaranci saboda diyya ta yaƙi da Italiya ta biya wa Faransa kuma wannan batu ya zama cikas ga maido da dangantakar diflomasiyya da Faransa.[5] Saboda waɗannan dalilai, an ƙi amincewa da buƙatu da yawa kuma waɗanda abin ya shafa dole ne su tabbatar da lalacewar jiki ta dindindin.[5]

 Fyaɗe mai yawa 
Allies sun kama Monte Cassino a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1944. Washegari da daddare, dubban Goumiers da sauran sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun yi bincike a ƙauyukan Southern Latium. Ƙungiyoyin waɗanda abin ya shafa na Italiya kamar Associazione Nazionale Vittime delle Marocchinate sun yi zargin cewa mata 12,000, waɗanda shekarunsu suka kama daga 11 zuwa 86, sun fuskanci tashin hankali, lokacin da ƙauye bayan ƙauye suka shiga ƙarƙashin ikon Goumiers. Kiyasin da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Italiya ta yi a 1997 ya sanya adadin ya kai mata 2,000 zuwa 3,000.[6] An kiyasta adadin mazan da aka kashe ya kai 800.[7] Adadin yaran da aka haifa sakamakon Marocchinate yana da wuya a iya kiyasin sa.

Magajin garin Esperia, wani yanki a Lardin Frosinone, ya ba da rahoton cewa a garinsu, an yi wa mata 700 fyade daga cikin mazauna 2,500, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa. A cewar ƙungiyoyin waɗanda abin ya shafa na Italiya, jimillar fararen hula sama da 7,000, ciki har da yara, an yi musu fyade daga Goumiers.[8] Baris ya ɗauki adadin mata dubu goma sha biyu da ƙungiyar mata ta Kwaminisanci Unione Donne Italiane ta yi wa fyade a matsayin abin dogaro;[9] wannan ya bambanta da kiyasin da aka yi daga baya na mata dubu biyu.[10]

Shaidun fyade da aka yi wa jama'a a Lazio

Marubuci Norman Lewis, a lokacin wani jami'in Birtaniya a yankin Monte Cassino, ya ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru:

Sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suna sake kai hari. Duk lokacin da suka kama gari ko ƙauye, ana yi wa dukkan mata fyade gaba ɗaya. Kwanan nan an keta dukkan mata a ƙauyukan Patricia, Pofi, Isoletta, Supino, da Morolo. A Lenola, wadda ta faɗa hannun ƙawancen a ranar 21 ga Mayu, an yi wa mata hamsin fyade, amma - domin waɗannan ba su isa a yi su ba - an ci zarafin yara har ma da tsofaffi. An ruwaito cewa al'ada ce ga 'yan ƙasar Morocco biyu su ci zarafin mace a lokaci guda, ɗaya tana yin jima'i na yau da kullun yayin da ɗayan kuma ke yin luwaɗi. A lokuta da yawa an yi mummunan lahani ga al'aura, dubura da mahaifa. A Castro di Volsci, likitoci sun yi wa waɗanda aka yi wa fyaɗe 300 magani, kuma a Ceccano an tilasta wa 'yan Birtaniya su gina sansani mai tsaro don kare matan Italiya.

 — Norman Lewis, Naples '44[11] 
"A S. Andrea, 'yan Morocco sun yi wa mata 30 fyade da maza biyu; a Vallemaio 'yan'uwa mata biyu sun gamsu da rundunar 'yan sanda 200; 300 daga cikinsu, a gefe guda, sun ci zarafin wani mutum mai shekaru sittin. A Esperia, an yi wa mata 700 fyade daga cikin mazauna 2,500, tare da koke-koke 400 da aka gabatar. Har ma firist ɗin cocin, Don Alberto Terrilli, a ƙoƙarin kare 'yan mata biyu, an ɗaure shi a kan bishiya aka yi masa fyade na tsawon dare ɗaya. Ya mutu bayan kwana biyu bayan an ruwaito raunukan ciki. A Pico, an gicciye wata yarinya tare da 'yar uwarta. Bayan tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin, za a kashe ta. Polleca ta kai kololuwar lalata da dabbobi. Luciano Garibaldi ya rubuta cewa daga sassan Maroko na jinsi. An yi wa 'yan mata da tsofaffin mata fyade; an yi wa mazan da suka mayar da martani luwaɗi, an harbe su har lahira, an yi musu kaciya ko kuma an rataye su da rai. Shaida, daga wani rahoto na lokacin, ta bayyana salonsu na yau da kullun: "Sojojin Morocco waɗanda suka yi waƙar yaƙi

ko kuma wanda ba a buɗe ba, ya buga ƙofar da kanta, ya buga sansanin soja da gindin harsashin bindiga a kai wanda hakan ya sa ya faɗi ƙasa a suma, sannan aka ɗauke ta kimanin mita 30 daga gidan aka yi mata fyaɗe yayin da wasu sojoji suka ja mahaifinta, suka yi mata duka aka ɗaure ta a kan itace. Waɗanda suka firgita ba su iya kawo wa yarinyar wani taimako ba, kuma iyayen sun kasance suna tsaro da bindigar bindiga da aka nufa da ita.[12]

 Manazarta