Littattafan Swahili

Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen farko sun samo asali ne daga farkon karni na 18, lokacin da aka rubuta dukkan wallafe-walfinai na Swahili a Rubutun Larabci.[1] Jan Knappert ya yi la'akari da fassarar waka ta Larabci Hamziya daga shekara ta 1652 don zama rubutun Swahili na farko. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Turai da malaman harsunan Afirka sun gabatar da Rubutun Latin don rubuta harshen Swahili.

 Halaye 
Littattafan Swahili sun kasance abin bincike ne daga yawancin malaman yamma tun daga karni na 19. Akwai muhawara game da daidaito yayin da wasu malamai suka yi ƙoƙari su kafa kundin rubuce-rubucen Swahili.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan halaye na wallafe-wallafen Swahili shine bambancin dangi na yaren Swahili. Mutum na iya samun ayyukan da aka rubuta a Kiamu (duba misali waƙoƙin Ustadh Mau),  Kimvita, Kipemba, Kiunguja, Kimrima, Kimtang'ata, Ki-Dar es Salaam da Ki-Nairobi waɗanda ake la'akari da nau'ikan Swahili. 

Wasu malaman yamma kamar Jan Knappert sun bayyana wallafe-wallafen Swahili a matsayin Musulunci. Wasu kamar su Alamin Mazrui da Ibrahim Noor Shariff sun soki wannan hanyar. A zahiri, Waƙoƙin Swahili sun samar da ayyuka da yawa na mawaƙa kamar Muyaka bin Ghassany da Muhammad Kijuma.

Saboda wannan binciken gabas da sha'awar al'adun Swahili da harshe, yawancin rubutun da aka yi akan wallafe-wallafen Swahili an yi su ne a waje da asalin ƙasar.A. Ricard, (1995) Introduction à « Comment écrire pour le théâtre en suivant Aristote ? de Ebahim Hussein », in : Alternatives théâtrales n°48, p.64. 

 Rarraba 
An rarraba wallafe-wallafen Swahili zuwa nau'o'i uku: Riwaya (littafi), tamthilia (drama / wasa) da ushairi (waƙoƙi).  Masana, duk da haka, sun ambaci matsalar a cikin rarraba wallafe-wallafen saboda haɗin gwiwar da ke tsakanin jinsunan Yamma ba ya dace da wallafe-walfinai na Swahili. Rashin bayyanar halaye masu mahimmanci ga nau'ikan za a iya kwatanta su ta hanyar haɗuwa da siffofin wallafe-wallafen baki da rubuce-rubuce. Rajmund Ohly ya lura cewa sunayen nau'ikan ba a bayyana su sosai ba yayin da ƙungiyoyi ba su da tabbas don rarrabe rarrabuwar jinsi.

 Labari ne 
A tarihi, fiction a cikin wallafe-wallafen Swahili galibi ya kunshi al'adun Labari baki. Ba har zuwa shekarun 1940 ba ne Swahili ya fara samun rubuce-rubuce na fiction. Littattafan Swahili na zamani sakamako ne kai tsaye na daidaitawa na Swahili. A baya, marubutan za su rubuta a cikin wani yare don nuna alaƙarsu da wannan yaren yankin, kamar a Lamu, Tanga ko Mombasa. Daidaitawar marubutan Swahili kamar George Mhina da Lyndon Harries don inganta ci gaban Swahili ta hanyar ƙirƙirar tarin wallafe-wallafen.

 Waƙoƙi 
waƙoƙi Swahili suna da kamanceceniya da yawa da Arabic_poetry" id="mwYw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arabic poetry">Waƙoƙin Larabci. Har yanzu ana rubuta waƙoƙin Swahili ko "ushairi" (daga Larabci) a hanyar gargajiya. A cewar wani asusun, an halicci waƙoƙin gargajiya don a raira waƙa maimakon karantawa. Ya fara ne a garuruwan Lamu da Pate na arewacin Kenya kafin ya bazu zuwa Yankin Tanga, Zanzibar da sauran yankunan da ke kusa. Al'adar waka har yanzu tana da rai a yau kamar yadda ake buga abubuwa a cikin jaridu na gida ko kuma ana amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙin Taraab da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa da suka shahara a Zanzibar da kuma bakin tekun Swahili.

Koyaya, akwai wasu bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin waƙoƙin Swahili da Larabci. Tare da yawancin tasirin Afirka, da wuya a kwatanta waƙoƙin biyu saboda shi ne sui generis.

Ana iya rarraba waƙoƙi gargajiya zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban bisa ga tsari da abun ciki. Yana iya zama epic, lyrical ko didactic, da kuma addini ko na duniya. Misalan waƙoƙin labaran, waɗanda aka sani da utenzi, sun haɗa da Utendi wa Tambuka na Bwana Mwengo (wanda aka rubuta kusan 1728) da Utenzi wa Shufaka .

Amfani da rubutun Swahili har zuwa kwanan nan an ƙuntata shi ne ga dalilai masu amfani. Koyaya, fasahar gargajiya ta magana a cikin shayari ta samar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa. Ana nuna shi da fannoni na homiletic, waƙoƙin jarumi, ballads na gargajiya da tattaunawa mai ban dariya wanda ke nuna rayuwar Swahili, al'adun al'adu da al'adu daidai. Saboda bangaren tarihi na wallafe-wallafen Swahili, musamman a karni na 19, har yanzu aiki ne mai wahala a fassara yawancin waƙoƙin saboda rashin sanin mahallin da aka rubuta waƙar.

 Wasan kwaikwayo 
Ebrahim Hussein (an haife shi a shekara ta 1943 a Lindi, Yankin Tanganyika) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaki na Tanzania. Wasansa na farko, Kinjeketile (1969), wanda aka rubuta a cikin Swahili, kuma ya dogara da rayuwar Kinjikitile Ngwale, shugaban Maji Maji Rebellion, an dauke shi "a landmark of Tanzanian theatre". An yi nazarin ayyukansa a makarantun Tanzaniya da Kenya da jami'o'i.

Ayyukan Hussein suna cikin al'adar wallafe-wallafen da aka bayyana a cikin Swahili bayan samun 'yancin Tanzania daga Ingila a 1961. Tun lokacin da ba a fassara ayyukansa ba, ban da Kinjeketile da wani wasa, aikinsa bai zama sananne ba a waje da Gabashin Afirka. Da yake magana game da rashin amincewar Hussein a duniya da kuma matsalar wallafe-wallafen Afirka da aka rubuta a cikin harsunan Afirka, masanin Faransa Alain Ricard ya rubuta: 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba