Faransanci Tirailleur

Ƙaramin baƙar fataFaransanci mai harbiPetinègue, Forofifon naspaYankinYammacin AfirkaYa ƙareca. 1850–1950Iyalin harsheFaransanci pidginLambobin harsheISO 639-3Babu (kuskure) Glottologfran1267IETFcpf-011framelessFaransanci Yammacin Afirka a 1913
 (), also known as  () or  or , is a pidgin language that was spoken by West African soldiers and their white officers in the French colonial army and across certain French colonies approximately from 1857 to 1954. It consists of a simplified form of French. It never creolized, and the "simplified" language was taught to indigenous inhabitants in the French colonial army in the French colonies.

 Tarihi 
Sojojin Afirka ta Yamma na farko sun shiga cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa a cikin 1820 kuma an kafa kamfanin tirailleurs sénégalais a cikin 1857.  Sun yi yaƙi don Faransa a cikin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Duniya guda biyu. Kamfanin karshe na sojojin Afirka ta Yamma a cikin Sojojin Faransa an rushe shi a shekarar 1964, kuma tirailleur na karshe wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya mutu a shekarar 1998

Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yayin da aka soke bautar a Faransa da yankunanta a 1848, wannan ba yana nufin halin da ake ciki ya canza gaba ɗaya ba tare da dare ba. Akwai wani rahoto tsakanin sassan daga 1950 wanda ke nuna cewa daukar ma'aikata ba lallai ba ne da son rai daga wannan batu zuwa gaba. Sojojin Faransa sun tafi "ƙasa don yin rajistar fursunoni, wanda aka ba su adadin da ake buƙata don siyan 'yancinsu a matsayin kyautar rajista" (Hargreaves, 1969: 100 kamar yadda aka ambata a Wilson ). A wasu kalmomi, Faransanci sun sayi fursunoni kuma sun mayar da su sojoji.

 Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su a cikin tirailleursMasu harbi 
Akwai harsuna da yawa da aka ambata dangane da tirailleurs. Da farko dai akwai babban yarjejeniya cewa lexicer (harshe wanda ya ba da gudummawa tare da mafi yawan abubuwan lexical) Faransanci ne (kamar yadda aka fada a cikin 1800s). Sadarwa ta farko da Faransanci dole ne ta hanyar magana, wanda ke nufin cewa ba zai yiwu ba cewa tsarin da kalmomin da ba a saba gani ba a cikin harshen da ake magana ba za su iya sanya shi cikin pidgin. Wani jami'in Faransa mai suna Charles Mangin a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20 ya buga wani littafi a 1910 mai suna   inda ya yada don amfani da sojojin Afirka a yayin yakin Turai. Wannan littafin kuma ya ƙunshi bayanai masu mahimmanci game da sojojin Afirka da abubuwan da suka hada su. Wadannan sune taƙaitaccen bayanin da ke cikin littafin Mangin.

Mangin ya rubuta cewa sojojin farko na sojojin Afirka galibi Wolofs da Toucouleurs (Fulani) ne suka hada su. Dukansu Wolofs da Fulani suna magana da harsuna na reshen Arewa-Atlantic na Iyalin Nijar-Congo kuma galibi Musulmi ne. Fulani babban kabilanci ne a Yammacin Afirka wanda ke da yaduwar ƙasa da yare / harsuna daban-daban. Ba za mu iya tabbatar da irin nau'ikan Fula da wadannan sojojin Afirka ta Yamma suka yi magana ba. Biondi  ya nuna cewa daya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin bautar a Yammacin Afirka da yawancin sassan Sabon Duniya da Faransa ta mallaka shine kasancewar da muhimmancin yawan jama'a da masu sa hannu musamman, tare da  kasancewa kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita ga matan Afirka ko na Afirka waɗanda suka kasance abokai ga mazajen Faransa na mulkin mallaka.

 A cikin al'adun gargajiya 
An nuna masu magana da wannan pidgin a cikin aikin tarihin Madame Lucie Cousturier na 1920  kuma a cikin fim din Ousmane Sembène na 1987 Camp de Thiaroye .

 Manazarta