Batutuwan muhalli a Indonesia

Batutuwan muhalli a Indonesia suna da alaƙa da yawan jama'a da saurin masana'antu, kuma galibi ana ba su fifiko saboda matakan talauci, da kuma mulkin da ba shi da wadata.

Yawancin manyan gonakin man dabino a Indonesia mallakar kamfanoni masu arziki na Singapore waɗanda ke daukar dubban 'yan asalin Indonesiya na gida.

Batutuwan sun haɗa da sare gandun daji mai yawa (yawancinsu ba bisa ka'ida ba) da kuma gobarar daji da ke haifar da hayaki mai tsanani a sassa na yammacin Indonesia, Malaysia da Singapore; cin zarafin albarkatun ruwa; da matsalolin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da saurin birane da Ci gaban tattalin arziki, gami da gurɓataccen iska, tarwatsa zirga-zirga, sarrafa shara, da kuma amintaccen ruwa da sabis na ruwa.Jason R. Miller (30 January 1997). "Deforestation in Indonesia and the Orangutan Population". TED Case Studies. Retrieved 14 August 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical

 Tarihi da asali 
Tsawon ƙarni, an yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa na tsibiran Indonesiya ta hanyoyi da suka faɗi cikin tsarin zamantakewa da tarihi mai daidaito. Wani tsarin al'adu ya ƙunshi manoman da suka zama 'yan asalin ƙasar Indiya, waɗanda ke noman shinkafa a kwaruruka da filayen Sumatra, Java, da Bali ; wani rukunin al'adu kuma ya ƙunshi ɓangaren kasuwanci na bakin teku na Musulunci; wani ɓangare na uku kuma mai gefe ya ƙunshi al'ummomin noman dazuzzuka na tsaunuka waɗanda ke wanzuwa ta hanyar noma mai yawa.

 Rashin gurɓataccen ruwa 
A bangaren kasuwanci na bakin teku, alal misali, rayuwar mutanen kamun kifi da waɗanda ke cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa - kusan mutane miliyan 5.6 - sun fara fuskantar haɗari a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 ta hanyar raguwar kifin da aka kawo ta hanyar gurɓata ruwan bakin teku. Masunta a arewacin Java sun sami raguwa a wasu nau'ikan kama kifi kuma a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 sun ga mafi munin bacewar kifi a wasu yankuna. Ruwa daga tsire-tsire masu amfani da taki a Gresik a arewacin Java ya gurɓata tafkuna kuma ya kashe kifin madara da ƙananan shrimp. Rashin gurɓatawar Malacca tsakanin Malaysia da Sumatra daga ɓarkewar mai daga babban tanki na Japan Showa Maru a watan Janairun 1975 babban bala'in muhalli ne ga bakin tekun Sumatran. Hadarin hatsarori na manyan tankuna ya karu a cikin hanyar da ake fataucin mutane da yawa.

 Gurɓatar ruwa 
Indonesia tana da kusan kashi 6% na ruwan sha na duniya wanda ke godiya ga gandun daji mai kyau da yanayin zafi. Koyaya, Indonesia tana rasa gandun daji a kowace shekara inda a cikin 2018, kadada 440,000 na gandun daji sun ɓace kodayake wannan adadi ya fi ƙasa da 2017. Irin wannan sare daji yana da alaƙa da rage ƙarfin ruwa, kamar yadda binciken ya gano. A halin yanzu, Ma'aikatar Shirye-shiryen Ci Gaban Kasa ta Indonesia (BAPPENAS) ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 96% na koguna a Jakarta sun gurɓata,  suna sa ruwa mai tsabta, mai tsabta ya fi ƙaranci.

 Manazarta