Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Australiya

Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Australiya ( AWU ) ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin kwadago da suka fi tsufa a Ostiraliya. Tana da tushe daga ƙungiyoyin kwadago da aka kafa a masana'antar kiwo da hakar ma'adinai a ƙarshen shekarun 1880 kuma a halin yanzu tana da mambobi kusan 80,000.

A cewar wata mujalla mai ra'ayin mazan jiya mai suna Australian Financial Review, AWU tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi mafi ƙarfi a cikin ɓangaren Labour Rights na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Australiya.

 Tsarin gini 
Ƙungiyar AWU ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa wadda ta ƙunshi rassan jihohi. Kowanne memba na AWU yana cikin ɗaya daga cikin rassan ƙasa shida. Kowace shekara huɗu membobin AWU suna zaɓar jami'an reshe da na ƙasa: Shugaban Ƙasa, Sakataren Ƙasa, da Mataimakin Sakatare na Ƙasa. Suna kuma zaɓar Shugabannin Ƙasa da Shugabannin Reshe waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin Hukumar Daraktoci na ƙungiyar.

 Rufewa 
AWU tana da faffadan fannoni a fannoni kamar haka:

 Tarihi 
Ƙungiyar AWU ta samo asali ne daga ƙungiyoyin kwadago da dama na baya, musamman ƙungiyar Shearers' Union ta Australasia, wadda William Spence, Alexander Poynton (OBE, memba na farko a Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya) suka kafa, ɗan'uwa Charles Poynton, da David Temple a Creswick, Victoria a 1886.  Wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗu da ƙungiyoyin shearers' a Bourke da Wagga a New South Wales don kafa Ƙungiyar Shearers' Union ta Australasia a 1887.  A 1894 wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Labour's General, wadda aka kafa a 1891, don kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Australiya. 

 Tallafi ga manufofin White Australia 
An buɗe Zauren Ciniki na Melbourne a shekara ta 1859, inda Majalisar Kasuwanci da Ma'aikata da Zauren Ciniki suka buɗe a dukkan birane da mafi yawan garuruwan yankuna a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka biyo baya. A cikin shekarun 1880, ƙungiyoyin kwadago sun bunƙasa tsakanin masu aski, masu hakar ma'adinai, da masu aikin jirgin ruwa, amma ba da daɗewa ba suka bazu zuwa kusan dukkan ayyukan yi . Karancin aiki ya haifar da albashi mai yawa ga ƙwararrun ma'aikata masu wadata, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin kwadago suka buƙata kuma suka sami sa'o'i takwas a rana da sauran fa'idodi da ba a taɓa gani ba a Turai.
Ostiraliya ta sami suna a matsayin "aljannar ma'aikata." Wasu ma'aikata sun yi ƙoƙarin rage ƙungiyoyin kwadago ta hanyar shigo da ma'aikatan China. Wannan ya haifar da martani wanda ya haifar da duk yankunan mulkin mallaka suna takaita shige da fice na China da sauran Asiya. Wannan shine tushen Manufar White Australia . "Yarjejeniyar Ostiraliya", wacce ta dogara ne akan sulhu tsakanin masana'antu, wani matakin taimakon gwamnati musamman ga masana'antu na farko, da White Australia, za ta ci gaba tsawon shekaru da yawa kafin ta wargaje a hankali a rabin na biyu na ƙarni na 20.

Ci gaban masana'antar sukari a Queensland a shekarun 1870 ya haifar da neman ma'aikata da suka shirya yin aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi. A wannan lokacin, an kawo dubban " Kanakas " ('Yan Tsibirin Pacific) zuwa Ostiraliya a matsayin ma'aikata masu lasisi.[1] Wannan da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi kawo ma'aikata marasa farar fata aiki a farashi mai rahusa an fi kiransu da " baƙar fata " kuma yana nufin ɗaukar mutane ta hanyar yaudara da sace-sace don yin aiki a gonaki, musamman gonakin rake na Queensland (Ostiraliya) da Fiji.[2] A shekarun 1870 da 1880, ƙungiyar ƙwadago mai tasowa ta fara zanga-zanga kan ma'aikata na ƙasashen waje. Hujjarsu ita ce 'yan Asiya da Sin sun kwace ayyuka daga hannun fararen fata, sun yi aiki don albashi "mara kyau", sun rage yanayin aiki kuma sun ƙi shiga ƙungiyar.[3]

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