Harshen Wintuan

Wintuan (kuma Wintun, Wintoon, Copeh, Copehan) iyali ne na harsuna da ake magana a cikin Kwarin Sacramento na tsakiyar Arewacin California .

Dukkanin yarukan Wintuan ko dai sun ƙare ko kuma Yana cikin haɗari sosai.

 Rarraba 

 Rarrabawar iyali 
William F. Shipley ya lissafa harsuna uku na Wintuan a cikin bayanansa na encyclopedic na harsunan Indiyawan California.  Kwanan nan, Marianne Mithun ta raba Kudancin Wintuan zuwa yaren Patwin da yaren Kudancin Patwin, wanda ya haifar da rarrabuwa mai zuwa.

Wintu ya ƙare tare da mutuwar mai magana da yawun karshe a shekara ta 2003.  Ya zuwa 2010, Nomlaki yana da akalla mai magana ɗaya. Ɗaya daga cikin masu magana da Patwin (Hill Patwin dialect) ya kasance a cikin shekara ta 2003.  Kudancin Patwin, wanda ƙabilar yankin Suisun ta taɓa magana da shi a arewa maso gabashin San Francisco Bay, ya ƙare a farkon karni na 20 kuma saboda haka ba a san shi sosai ba. Wintu daidai shine mafi kyawun rubuce-rubuce daga cikin harsunan Wintuan guda huɗu.

Pitkin ya kiyasta cewa harsunan Wintuan sun kasance kusa da juna kamar harsunan Romance. Wataƙila sun rabu da harshe na kowa shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata. Nazarin kwatankwacin da ya haɗa da sake gina ilimin sauti na Proto-Wintuan, morphology da lexicon an gudanar da shi ta Shepherd.

 Dangantaka mai yuwuwa ga iyalan harsuna na waje 
Iyalin Wintuan galibi ana ɗaukar su memba ne na ƙididdigar yaren Penutian  kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin rassa biyar na asalin asalin California na Penutian wanda Roland B. Dixon da Alfred L. Kroeber suka gabatar.   Koyaya, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa Wintuans da kansu sun shiga California kimanin shekaru 1,500 da suka gabata daga wani wuri na baya a wani wuri a Oregon. Tsarin wakilin Wintuan yayi kama da na Klamath, yayin da akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin Arewacin Wintuan da Alsea waɗanda suka bayyana a matsayin rance.

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 













 Ƙarin karantawa 










 Haɗin waje 

 Ƙabilun asali, Ƙungiyoyi, Iyalai na Harshe da Harshe na California a cikin 1770 (map bayan Kroeber) 
 Halin halittar tsakanin Klamath da Wintu  (Scott DeLancey)  
 Shirin Harshen Wintu
 Wintu (Wintun) 
 Kalmomin Wintu