Zajal

Zajal (Zile="Arabic language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Arabic) wani nau'i ne na gargajiya na waƙoƙin magana da aka bayyana a cikin yaren magana. Mawallafin Zajal na farko da aka rubuta shi ne Ibn Quzman na al-Andalus wanda ya rayu daga 1078 zuwa 1160.  Yawancin malamai suna ganin zajal na Larabci na Andalusi, rubutun da ke da ma'ana wanda ya bambanta sosai da ma'auni na Waƙoƙin Larabci, a matsayin hanyar magana da aka daidaita daga al'adun waƙoƙun Romance zuwa Larabci - na farko a matakin gargajiya sannan kuma ta mawaƙa masu rubutu kamar Ibn Quzman.

Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa kakannin Maroko na waƙoƙin Levantine sune Zajal na Andalusian da muwashshaḥah, waɗanda Moors suka tsere daga Spain a ƙarni na goma sha uku da goma sha huɗu suka kawo Masar da gabashin Bahar Rum. Wani malamin farko na zajal na Masar shine zajjāl na karni na sha huɗu Abu ʿAbd Allāh al-Ghubārī .  Asalin Zajal na iya zama tsoho amma ana iya gano shi zuwa akalla karni na 12. A yau, yana da rai a Levant - musamman a Lebanon  (duba ƙasa) , Falasdinu, Siriya, da kuma Jordan inda ƙwararrun masu aikin zajal zasu iya samun manyan matakan karɓa da shahara - da kuma Maghreb, musamman Morocco da Aljeriya. Zajal yana da rabin-improvised kuma rabin-sung kuma ana yin sa sau da yawa a cikin tsarin muhawara tsakanin 'Zajjalin' (waƙoƙi waɗanda ke ba da zajal). Yawancin lokaci ana haɗa shi da kayan kida (tare da kayan iska na lokaci-lokaci, misali ney) da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na maza (kuma kwanan nan, mata) waɗanda ke raira waƙoƙin sassan aya.

 Magana 
A cewar Lane's Lexicon, kalmar aikatau zajila Hanya nufin daban-daban don yin sauti, yin kuka, nuna motsin rai, yin wasa ko wasanni. Adnan Haydar, masanin da ya kware a cikin harshen Larabci da adabi, ya ambaci ƙamus na karni na 14 na Ibn Manzur Lisan al-Arab a cikin danganta ma'anar "don tayar da murya a cikin waƙa" ga tushen aikatau Zajala. : Da yake mai da hankali kan ɗaya daga cikin ma'anonin da Lane ya bayar, wani masanin ya ci gaba da cewa asalin zajal yana da alaƙa da wasa da nishaɗin kiɗa.

 Andalusi Zajal 
Waƙoƙin Zajal suna cikin harshen Larabci na al-Andalus maimakon Larabci. Zajal ya bambanta da Waƙoƙin Larabci na gargajiya a cikin cewa tsohon yana da nau'in strophic kuma na ƙarshe yana da monorhymed. Zahalar ta Zajal ta matsa lamba, ko ma'auni mai inganci, ya bambanta sosai daga ma'aunin ma'aikatar waƙoƙin Larabci na gargajiya.

Yawancin malamai suna ganin Zajal na Larabci na Andalusi a matsayin nau'in furci wanda aka daidaita daga al'adun waƙoƙi Romance zuwa Larabci - da farko a matakin gargajiya sannan kuma ta mawaƙa masu rubutu kamar Ibn Quzman .  Alamu na versification na Andalusi zajal yayi kama da na Galician cantigas, Castilian villancicos, Italiyanci dansas da ballatas, da Faransanci rondeau da virelaii.
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