Lund Washington

Lund Washington (1737-1796) dan uwan George Washington ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da gidan Mount Vernon a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka.  

 Farkon rayuwar iyali 
Lund Washington shi ne ɗan na huɗu na Townshend Washington (1705-1743) da matarsa Elizabeth Lund (1705-1773). An haifi Lund a cikin abin da ke cikin Stafford County amma nan da nan ya zama King George County a Arewacin Virginia. Kakansa, John Washington (1671-1712), ɗan Lawrence Washington ne (1635-1677), wanda ya yi hijira daga Burtaniya zuwa Virginia kamar yadda ɗan'uwansa John Washington ya yi, dukansu sun zauna a yankin Arewacin Neck. Wannan ɗan'uwan Lund Washington, Robert Washington (1729-1800) ya auri Alice Strother kuma ya ba ɗansu na shida suna Lund Washington (1767-1853) bayan ko dai sunan mahaifiyarsu ko wannan kawun; ƙaramin Lund Washington ya zama mai kula da gidan waya na Washington, DC, kuma ya yi aure sau biyu. Sauran 'ya'yan Townshend Washington sune Thomas Washington (1731-1794) da Lawrence Washington (1735-1799); dangin sun hada da 'yar Catherine Washington (1740-1792) wacce ta auri dan uwanta John Washington (1729-1782) wanda ke wakiltar King George County a cikin House of Delegates.

A shekara ta 1779, wannan Lund Washington ya auri Elizabeth (Betsy) Foote, mai shekaru 33, wanda 'yar'uwarsa mai shekaru 34 Catherine ta auri ɗan'uwansa Lawrence shekaru biyar da suka gabata. 'Ya'yan Foote sun kasance Virginians na ƙarni na huɗu. Koyaya, babu ma'aurata da ke da 'ya'ya da suka tsira daga gare su. Dukkanin 'ya'yan Betsy sun mutu tun suna jarirai,  kuma Catherine ba ta da yara. Za a nuna ibada ta Betsy Foote Washington a cikin litattafan addu'arta da kuma ibada ta gida wanda ya haɗa da bayi. Bayan mutuwar Lund Washington, Betsy Foote Washington ta karbi dan uwanta William Hayward Foote (1781-1846) kuma ta ba shi gonar Hayfield.

A cewar dan uwansa (mai kula da gidan waya da aka ambata a sama), kafin aurensa, wannan Lund Washington yana da ɗa tare da mai kula da gida, wanda daga nan ya koma Connellsville (a Fayette County, Pennsylvania, jayayya tsakanin Virginia da Pennsylvania a farkon kwanakin Jamhuriyar). Koyaya, lokacin da wani tsohon soja tare da babban iyali ya yi ƙoƙari ya ziyarci Lund Washington a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, ya ki ganinsa, bayan ya ji wani rahoto shekaru da suka gabata cewa an kashe ɗansa John yana yaƙi da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka. Wannan dan uwan Lund Washington (a cikin wannan rubutun da ba a buga ba) ya kuma nuna 'yancin shugaban kasa na bayinsa a matsayin " ... mafi munin aikin rayuwarsa ta jama'a. "

 Ayyuka 
Kafin fara aiki ga kawunsa, Lund Washington ya gudanar da gonar Albemarle County ga Mista Beverly, sannan Ravensworth a Fairfax County ga William Fitzhugh na shekaru da yawa.   A shekara ta 1764 ya yarda da tayin dan uwansa Janar George Washington kuma ya zama manajan Mt. Vernon da gonakin da ke da alaƙa, yana girma cikin alhakin kuma yana aiki kusan shekaru ashirin, har zuwa shekara ta 1785. Yayinda George Washington ya kasance mai mallakar hannu lokacin da yake a Virginia, Lund Washington shine babban manajan dukiya a lokacin da bai kasance ba, musamman a lokacin yakin juyin juya halin Amurka. Akwai takardu masu yawa tsakanin su biyu, musamman yayin da Lund Washington ke kula da gyare-gyare na gidan manor da wuraren bayi a lokacin rikici.

Koyaya, ya tayar da fushin dan uwansa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1781, a kwanakin rufewar yaƙin, lokacin da jiragen yaki uku na Burtaniya suka rataye a cikin Kogin Potomac bayan sun ƙone shuke-shuke da yawa a bakin tekun Maryland kuma sun bukaci abinci da sauran kayayyaki. Kodayake Lund Washington da farko ya bi umarnin Janar Washington kuma ya ki, bayan ƙarin barazanar, ya ba su. Har ila yau, kusan a lokaci guda mutane 17 da aka bautar, galibi maza, sun tsere zuwa jiragen yaki. Za a mayar da bakwai ga Janar Washington a ƙarshen yaƙin. A baya, kawai fararen ma'aikata huɗu (daya daga gidan Fielding Lewis da uku daga Mt. Vernon) sun gudu zuwa Burtaniya, kuma daga baya sojojin Virginia suka kama Fredericksburg.

Ta hanyar tashi daga Mt. Vernon a shekara ta 1785, Lund Washington na iya adana isasshen don sayen gonar Hayfield mai acre 360 a cikin Fairfax County daga dan uwansa, ko kuma wannan shine gonar da Janar ya musanya don wani gonar da Lund ya saya daga Thomas Hanson Marshall a shekara ta 1779 (shekarar aurensa), in ba haka ba Janar Washington ya ba Lund saboda bai dauki albashi ba a cikin shekaru biyar na Yakin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. A cikin ƙididdigar haraji ta 1787 na Fairfax County, Lund Washington ta mallaki baƙi 13 sama da shekaru 16 da shida a ƙarƙashin shekaru 16, da kuma dawakai 12 da shanu 16 (idan aka kwatanta da Janar George Washington wanda ya mallaki baƙar fata 109 sama da shekaru 16, 91 ƙasa da wannan shekarun, da dawakai 93 da shanu 195).  Ya 'yantar da wani bautar baƙar fata, Edward Shankling, a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1793.

Bisa ga kwatancin Cincinnatus da aka ambata sau da yawa, Janar Washington ya ci gaba da gudanar da kadarorinsa bayan tafiyar Lund, amma bai sami manajan da ya gamsar da shi ba, ko kuma yana shirye ya yi aiki, na dogon lokaci. Ɗan ɗan'uwa Charles Washington George Augustine Washington ya fara bauta wa kawunsa a cikin 1786, [undefined] kuma shine babban manajan a farkon shekarun shugabancin kawunsa, amma ya mutu daga tarin fuka a cikin 1791. A cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, ban da manajojin da aka hayar daga Burtaniya (wanda Shugaban ya yi tunanin ya gaza saboda rashin kwarewar kula da bautar baƙi), tsohon shugaban ya yi amfani da 'ya'ya maza uku na' yar'uwarsa Betty Washington Lewis: Howell Lewis, Robert Lewis da Lawrence Lewis. [undefined][1] Har ila yau John Fairfax da ɗan'uwansa Hezekiah sun yi aiki a matsayin masu kulawa na shekaru da yawa a tsakiyar shekarun 1780, kafin su kafa nasu dukiya da noma ta amfani da aikin bautar, tare da John Fairfax yana ƙetare Dutsen Appalachian kuma yana aiki a cikin Virginia House of Delegates . [2]￼

 Mutuwa da gado 
Lund Washington ya makance kafin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1796, wanda gwauruwarsa ta tsira, wanda ya bar masa duk dukiyarsa. Lund Washington ya gina gida a gonarsa ta Hayfield, wanda ya tsira daga gare shi amma ya ƙone a shekara ta 1917."School History | Hayfield Secondary School". fcps.edu. Fairfax County, Virginia: Fairfax County Public Schools. Retrieved October 10, 2023.

 Manazarta