Kamun Kifi a Madagascar

A halin yanzu an hana yin kifin kifi a Madagascar akan matakin kasuwanci bisa bin ka'idojin wuri mai tsarki. Duk da yanayin yanayi mara kyau, akwai tarihin farautar maniyyi whales, humpback whales, da whale na Bryde a cikin kewayen ruwan Madagascar. A yunƙurin ƙyale ƴan asalin ƙasar su murmure daga waɗannan ayyuka, yankin game da Madagaskar ya kasance cikin Wurin Wurin Whale na Tekun Indiya ta Hukumar Kula da Whale ta Duniya.

 Tarihi 
Manyan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu suna tasiri ga tsarin ƙaura na whales na humpback a bakin tekun Madagascar. reshen kudancin Kudancin Equatorial Current ya haɗu a kudancin Madagascar kuma yana tafiya zuwa gabar yamma, yana samar da Gabashin Madagascar Current. Hakazalika, hanyar ƙaura ta Madagascar Ridge tana tafiya ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa da ke tafiya zuwa arewa tare da gabar gabas. Nazarin halayyar jima'i na humpback sun yi hasashen cewa Antongil Bay, a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin, na iya zama wurin hunturu da kuma jima'i. Wannan na iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa bayanan kifi na Amurka da na Burtaniya suka nuna bayanan farautar kifi tun farkon shekarun 1830 a Tekun Indiya, wanda aka mayar da hankali a Antongil Bay. Wannan ya riga ya kasance ta hanyar kifi na gargajiya; mai zane Theodor De Bry ya nuna kifi na Madagascar tun farkon shekara ta 1598. 

Kifi a Madagascar ya fara ne a matakin masana'antu a matsayin fadada kasuwancin kifi zuwa arewa daga Cape of Good Hope a kusa da 1800. Christian Salvesen & Company of Leith, wanda ke da hannun jari da yawa fiye da kowane kamfani, ya yi aiki a takaice a Madagascar. Bayan aika da jirgin masana'antar Horatio, amfanin gona ya kasance ƙasa da haka cewa Salvesen ya sami rashi daga 1911 zuwa 1913. Ƙara zagi ga rauni, yayin da yake tsayawa a Leith Harbour, Horatio ya kama wuta, tare da ganga 11,000 na mai a cikin jirgin.

An caccaki Faransa kan matakin da ta dauka a taron Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya na 1949 a lokacin da suka ci gaba da yin amfani da masana'antun da ke shawagi a yankin ruwan Faransa da ke kusa da Madagaska, duk da dokokin da suka hana masana'antar iyo a arewacin 40 ° South. Matakin da Faransa ta dauka na ci gaba da amfani da masana'antar ta Jarama na da nasaba da raguwar yawan kifayen kifayen da ke kewaye da Madagascar.

 Yanayi da ruwa 
A Afirka ta Kudu, yanayin yanayi ba daidai ba ne. Mutanen da ke zaune a Madagascar sun koyi yadda za su magance waɗannan yanayi. Agulhas Current shine tushen tushen waɗannan yanayi na lokaci-lokaci. A bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu, kusa da Madagascar, halin teku, lokacin da aka gauraya da sanyi, na iya haifar da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda zasu iya lalata jiragen ruwa. Wannan halin yanzu shine mafi girman igiyoyin ruwa da zai bi kusa da wata nahiya don wannan nisa. Kasancewa a kan iyakar tekun Indiya, tsananin zafin ruwa na iya haifar da manyan guguwa. Guguwa mai zafi da ta rikide zuwa guguwar da aka yi rikodin ta, ta janyo hasarar biliyoyin daloli. Kowace guguwa ta samo asali ne daga gabar tekun arewa maso gabashin nahiyar Afirka, kuma a hankali tana taruwa a gabar tekun, inda makamashinta ya fi taruwa. Guguwar da ta biyo bayan hade yanayin zafi da sanyi na da matukar tasiri a yankin arewacin Agulhas na yanzu. Yayin da take gangarowa a nahiyar Afirka, yanayi ya yi zafi, kuma yanayin ya yi sanyi ya zama ruwan sama mai tsafta, wanda ke baiwa Afirka ta Kudu da yammacin Madagascar zafi da hadari. Wani abin da ke ba da gudummawa ga yanayin yanayi a yankin Afirka ta Kudu-Magaskar shine gudunmawar Kudancin Equatorial Madagascar na yanzu. Wannan musamman halin yanzu yana tafiya zuwa yamma daga Tekun Indiya, ya bugi gabar gabashin Madagascar. Hakan na iya zama ƙalubale ga jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya a gabashin gabar tekun Madagaska domin maimakon su iya bin tekun da ke da ƙarfi, sai su yi yaƙi da shi, ko ta wace hanya suke tafiya. Yayin da SEMC ke ci gaba da gudana a Kudancin Equatorial Madagaskar a halin yanzu tana fuskantar Madagascar, a halin yanzu ta canza matsayi zuwa kudu, inda ta hadu da mafi karfi na Agulhas na yanzu, yana haifar da rikice-rikicen ruwa wanda zai iya zama babbar matsala ga duk wanda ke ƙoƙarin kewaya wannan ruwa.

 Tarin bayanai 
Don samun ingantacciyar bincike da ilimi game da waɗannan sauyin yanayi, ana jefa buoys zuwa teku inda tauraron dan adam yake. Tauraron dan adam ya dauki hoton wadannan mitoci da buoys ke fita a cikin tekun da ke gabar tekun nahiyar, yana samar da bayanan da ake bukata don kara hasashen. Fasaha ta asali na buoy na iya komawa shekaru talatin, amma tare da ci gaban fasaha, bayanan da aka tattara a zamaninmu ba kawai suna mai da hankali kan igiyoyin teku ba. Bayanan da aka tattara za su iya yin nuni da yanayin iska, yanayin zafi, da kuma wasu nau'o'in ruwa a cikin takamaiman wurare, saboda duk waɗannan abubuwan suna canzawa koyaushe. Wadannan buoys suna cikin ko'ina cikin duniya, tekuna da manyan tafkuna. Bayanan da aka tattara suna zuwa Cibiyar Buoy Data ta Ƙasa, inda masana ke yin rikodin da kuma nazarin ra'ayoyin. Dangane da igiyoyin igiyar ruwa, buoys suna amfani da na'urori masu accelerometer waɗanda zasu iya gano madaidaicin motsin raƙuman ruwa. Suna kuma yin rikodin tazara ta musamman tsakanin tudun ruwa da ƙugiya na kowane igiyar ruwa. Wannan bayanin da matuƙan jirgin ruwa ke amfani da shi akai-akai, zai iya zama ceton rai kuma ya haifar da tafiya mai inganci a cikin teku.

 Rashin jituwa na shekara ta 2008 
Wani taro mai kama da kifayen kanana guda ɗari (Peponocephala Electra) ya faru a cikin tsarin Loza Lagoon na arewa maso yammacin Madagascar a cikin watannin Mayu da Yuni a cikin 2008. Daga cikin whale na asali da suka shiga cikin tsarin lagoon, saba'in da biyar sun mutu daga abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da kasancewa daga wuraren zama na zurfin teku. A lokacin taron da yawa daga cikin masana a cikin ruwa, kungiyoyin kare muhalli, da sauran kungiyoyi sun binciki yankin don tattara bayanai kan wannan taron. Hukumar Kula da Kifi ta Duniya (IWC) da sauran hukumomin tarayya tare da izinin gwamnatin Madagaska sun kaddamar da bincike kan musabbabin wannan dambarwa. IWC ta ƙarasa da cewa mafi kyawun abin da ya haifar da taron shine babban ƙarfin 12 kHz tsarin echosounder mai ƙarfi (MBES) wanda ke ta harbi tare da hutu kwana ɗaya kafin taron. 

 Whale Sanctuary na Tekun Indiya 
Madagascar ta ta'allaka ne gaba ɗaya a cikin Wurin Whale na Tekun Indiya, Wuri Mai Tsarki wanda ke rufe Tekun Indiya kudu zuwa 55º S. Wuri Mai Tsarki ya haramta kifin kifin kasuwanci kuma yana da nufin sauƙaƙe farfaɗowar yawan kifin kifi, ba da damar whales suyi ayyukansu a cikin yanayin muhalli, da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a. Ƙoƙarin kiyaye wannan wuri mai tsarki yana da mahimmanci musamman saboda dalilai da yawa. Wuri Mai Tsarki yana ba da damar maniyyi whale da Oman Humpback whale don dawo da yawan jama'ar su wanda ya ragu ta hanyar ayyukan kifin kifin na Soviet ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin 70's. Wuri Mai Tsarki ya kuma ba da damar dawo da yawan kifin na Bryde daga ayyukan kifin kifin na Japan wanda har yanzu ke ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa yau yayin da Japan ba ta mutunta wurin da ake ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na ikirarin cewa ayyukansu na kimiyya ne kawai. Kimanin kifayen kifaye 600 ne ake kashewa kowace shekara ta hanyar ayyukan kifin kifin na Japan.

An kafa Wuri Mai Tsarki a shekara ta 1979 kuma an sake sabunta shi na tsawon shekaru goma a 1992 da 2002. A 2001 a lokacin taron Nairobi Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) ta yi alkawarin tallafa wa Wuri Mai Tsarki, inda ta bayyana taron "Ya sake tabbatar da bukatar kiyaye matsayin tekun Indiya a matsayin wuri mai tsarki na kariyar yankin mammanja don kare yankin mamma".

 Bayanan da aka ambata