Franca Viola

Franca Viola (an haife ta ranar 9 ga Janairu 1948) wata mace 'yar Sicily ce wadda ta shahara a shekarun 1960 a Italiya saboda kin amincewa da "aure mai gyara" (Italiyanci: matrimonio riparatore) ga mai yi mata fyade bayan an sace ta, an yi garkuwa da ita sama da mako guda, kuma an yi mata fyade akai-akai. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin mace ta farko 'yar Italiya da aka yi wa fyade da ta ƙi aure a bainar jama'a. Ita da iyalinta sun yi nasarar gurfanar da mai yi mata fyaden a gaban kuliya. Shari'ar ta yi tasiri sosai a Italiya, yayin da halayen Viola suka ci karo da al'adun gargajiya na Kudancin Italiya, inda mace za ta rasa mutuncinta idan ta ƙi auren mutumin da ta rasa budurcinta. Franca Viola ta zama alama ta ci gaban al'adu da 'yancin mata a bayan yaƙin Italiya.Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback MachineArchived 29 October 2010 at the Wayback MachineCraniz, Guido (2005). Storia del miracolo italiano: culture, identità, trasformazioni fra anni cinquanta e sessanta [History of the Italian miracle: cultures, identities, transformations between the fifties and sixties]. Donzelli Editore. p. 252. ISBN 9788879899451. Retrieved 13 May 2018.

 Sace mutane da fyaɗe 
An haifi Franca Viola a ƙauyen Alcamo, Sicily, babbar 'yar Bernardo Viola, Pirro, Deirdre (2009). Italian Sketches: The Faces of Modern Italy. Prato: The Florentine Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9788890243448. Retrieved 14 May 2018. manomi, da matarsa, Vita Ferra. Pablo Dell'Osa (25 December 2018). "26 dicembre". il Centro (in Italian). Retrieved 1 March 2020. A shekarar 1963, tana da shekaru 15, ta yi aure da Filippo Melodia, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 23, ɗan uwan ​​Vincenzo Rimi [it]. Daga baya aka kama Melodia da laifin sata, kuma mahaifin Viola ya dage cewa ta daina auren, wanda hakan ya sa ta yi. Daga nan Melodia ta koma Jamus. A shekarar 1965, an yi auren Viola da wani mutum, kuma Melodia ta koma Alcamo kuma tana ƙoƙarin sake shiga rayuwar Viola, tana bin diddiginta tana barazana ga mahaifinta da saurayinta. [6]

A safiyar ranar 26 ga Disamba 1965, Melodia da wasu abokanta 12 dauke da makamai suka kutsa kai cikin gidan Viola suka sace Franca ta hanyar jan ta a cikin mota, a cikin wannan hali suka yi wa mahaifiyar Viola duka sannan suka dauki dan'uwan Franca mai shekaru takwas Mariano, wanda ya ki sakin 'yar'uwarsa.[4][1][7] An saki Mariano bayan 'yan awanni, amma an tsare Franca na tsawon kwanaki takwas a gidan 'yar'uwar Melodia da mijinta, wani gidan gona da ke wajen garin,[4] inda aka yi mata fyade akai-akai.[8] Melodia ta gaya mata cewa yanzu za a tilasta mata aurensa don kada ta zama mace "mara kunya", amma Viola ta amsa cewa ba ta da niyyar aurensa, kuma haka ma, za ta sa ya kai ƙara a kotu saboda sacewa da fyaɗe. [ana buƙatar ambato] A ranar 31 ga Disamba, Melodia ta tuntuɓi mahaifin Viola Bernardo don neman paciata (Sicilian don 'kwantar da hankali', wato, cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin iyalan mutumin da matar da suka "rabu").[5] Bernardo ya yi kamar yana tattaunawa da masu garkuwa da mutanen, yana cewa ya yarda kuma ya amince da auren, yayin da yake haɗin gwiwa da 'yan sandan Carabinieri wajen shirya nasarar aikin jan kunne.[9] An 'yantar da Viola kuma an kama masu garkuwa da ita a ranar 2 ga Janairu 1966, kwana bakwai kafin ranar haihuwarta ta sha takwas.[9] Ta ce mahaifinta ya tambaye ta ko da gaske tana son auren Melodia kuma, lokacin da ta ce ba ta so ba, ya gaya mata zai yi duk mai yiwuwa don taimaka mata.[9][10]

 Kin amincewa da "aure mai gyara" 
Melodia ta bai wa Viola abin da ake kira "aure mai gyara," amma ta ƙi, don haka ta yi abin da ya saba wa al'adar Sicilian a lokacin. A cewar al'adun zamantakewa na gargajiya, wannan zaɓin zai sa ta zama donna svergognata, ko 'mace mara mutunci' (a zahiri: 'mace mara kunya'), domin ta rasa budurcinta amma ba ta yi aure ba.[4] Waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba su keɓance ga Sicily ko yankunan karkara ba; har ma sun kasance a ɓoye a cikin Dokar Hukuncin Italiya ta lokacin, wato Mataki na 544, wanda ya daidaita fyaɗe da laifi kan "dabi'un jama'a" maimakon laifin mutum ɗaya, kuma ya tsara ra'ayin "aure mai gyara" (matrimonio riparatore), yana mai cewa wanda ya yi wa fyaɗe wanda ya auri wanda aka yi wa fyaɗe za a share masa laifinsa kai tsaye.[4][9]

 Shari'a 
Bayan ƙin Viola ta auri mutumin da ya yi mata fyaɗe, an ruwaito cewa an yi wa 'yan uwanta barazana, an kore su, kuma an tsananta musu daga yawancin mutanen gari. An ƙone gonakin inabinsu da rumbunansu.[4] Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma shari'ar da aka yi a ƙarshe, sun yi tasiri sosai ga kafofin watsa labarai da jama'a na Italiya. Majalisar da kanta ta shiga cikin lamarin kai tsaye, domin ya bayyana cewa wani ɓangare na dokar da ke akwai ya saba wa ra'ayin jama'a. Lauyoyin Melodia sun yi iƙirarin cewa Viola ta amince da abin da ake kira fuitina ('gudu'), ta gudu da son rai don yin aure a asirce[4] maimakon a sace ta, amma shari'ar (wanda ya faru a 1966[11]) ta sami Melodia da laifi. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 11 a gidan yari, daga baya aka rage shi zuwa shekaru 10,[9] tare da zaman dole na shekaru biyu a Modena.[4] An wanke abokansa biyar, sauran kuma an yanke musu hukunci mai sauƙi.[4][12] An saki Melodia daga gidan yari a 1976, kuma an kashe shi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1978[5] a cikin kisan kai irin na mafia kafin ya iya komawa Sicily.[4]

Dokar da ta haramta wa mai fyade yin lalata da shi ta hanyar auren wanda aka yi wa fyade ba a soke ta ba sai a shekarar 1981.[13][14][15]

Tashin hankali ta hanyar jima'i ya zama laifi ga mutumin (maimakon ya saba wa "dabi'un jama'a") sai a shekarar 1996.[16]

 Auren da aka zaɓa 
Franca Viola ta auri Giuseppe Ruisi a watan Disamba na 1968, lokacin tana da shekaru kusan 21. Sun so juna tun suna yara.[4] Ruisi, akawu, ya dage cewa zai auri yarinyar da ya daɗe yana ƙauna duk da barazana da jita-jita, amma dole ne ya nemi lasisin mallakar bindiga bayan ya sami lasisin aure, don kare kansa da amaryar da zai aura.[an buƙaci ambato] Shugaban ƙasar Italiya Giuseppe Saragat da Paparoma Paul VI sun bayyana godiyarsu ga jarumtakar Franca Viola da haɗin kan da suka nuna wa ma'auratan.[10] Shugaba Saragat ya aika wa ma'auratan kyautar aure kuma Paparoma ya karɓe su a bainar jama'a jim kaɗan bayan auren.[4] Viola da Ruisi za su ci gaba da samun 'ya'ya maza biyu da 'ya mace ɗaya.[4] Iyalin har yanzu suna zaune a Alcamo.[4]

 Legacy 
A shekarar 1970, darakta Damiano Damiani ya yi fim ɗin The Most Beautiful Wife, wanda Ornella ta fito a ciki.

 Manazarata 

Category:Haifaffun 1948
Category:Rayayyun Mutane