Bera a Birnin New York

Beraye a cikin birnin New York sun yaɗu sosai, saboda suna cikin yankuna da yawa. An dauke su alamar al'adu na birnin. Da dadewa, ba a san adadin berayen a birnin New York ba, kuma wata almara ta gama gari ta bayyana cewa akwai berayen har sau biyar fiye da mutane. Koyaya, wani bincike na 2023 ya kiyasta cewa akwai kusan beraye miliyan 3 a New York, wanda ke kusa da kashi uku na al'ummar New York.

Berayen birni ne ke mamaye da bera mai launin ruwan kasa (wanda aka fi sani da beran Norway). Matsakaicin nauyin jikin manya shine gram 350 (oz 12) a cikin maza kuma kimanin gram 250 (8.8 oz) a cikin mata. Baligi bera na iya matse ta cikin ramuka ko gibin faɗin inci 1 (25 mm), tsalle a kwance mai nisa har zuwa ƙafa 4 (1.2 m) (ko a tsaye daga ƙasa mai lebur zuwa ƙafa 3 (0.91 m)), tsira daga faɗuwar kusan ƙafa 40 (12 m).  kuma ya bi ruwa na kwana uku. 

Berayen birnin New York suna ɗauke da cututtukan da ke haifar da gudawa, amai, da zazzabi a cikin mutane - musamman a yara. Kwayoyin cuta da suke ɗauke da su sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta irin su Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), Salmonella, E. coli, da Leptospira. Kwayoyin Bartonella suna haifar da cutar kyan gani, zazzabi, da cutar Carrion. Ana iya yada waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar saduwa da bera, fitsari ko najasa. Beraye na iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cututtuka irin su sapoviruses, cardioviruses, kobuviruses, parechoviruses, rotaviruses, hepaciviruses, da cutar Seoul. Beraye na iya ɗaukar ƙuma waɗanda ke haifar da cututtuka irin su bubonic plague, typhus, da zazzabi mai tabo. Bugu da ƙari, wasu mutane suna da rashin lafiyan halayen kasancewar gashin rodent, fitsari ko najasa.

Za a iya yin korafe-korafen rodents na birnin New York akan layi, ko ta hanyar buga lamba 3-1-1, kuma Jagoran Birnin New York Hana beraye akan kadarorin ku ya tattauna yadda Sashen Kiwon Lafiya na Birnin New York ke bincikar kadarori masu zaman kansu da na jama'a ga beraye. Masu mallakar kadarorin da suka gaza tantancewa suna samun odar Kwamishina kuma suna da kwanaki biyar don gyara matsalar. Idan, bayan kwanaki biyar, kadarar ta gaza dubawa ta biyu, mai shi ya sami sanarwar cin zarafi kuma ana iya ci tarar shi. Ana cajin mai mallakar kadarorin don kowane tsaftacewa ko ɓarna da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta yi.

 Bayyanawa 

 Nau'o'in 
Ba kasafai ake ganinsu da rana ba, an sami rahoton beraye a birnin New York tun farkon zamanin mulkin mallaka. Kamar yadda kwanan nan kamar 1944, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sun cika: launin ruwan kasa (bera mai launin torway) da kuma bera na jirgin ruwa) da bera na jirgin ruwa).  A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, mafi girma kuma mafi tsananin launin ruwan kasa iri-iri sun raba baƙar fata berayen, yawanci ta hanyar kai musu hari da kashe su, amma kuma ta hanyar yin takara da su don abinci da matsuguni. A shekara ta 2014, yawan mutanen garin ya mamaye launin ruwan kasa.

Rago mai launin ruwan kasa yana da inci 16 zuwa 20 (410 zuwa 510  kuma yana da nauyin kilo 1 zuwa 2 (450 zuwa 910 .  Yana da launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka tare da ciki mai launin haske. Yana da dare, kuma yana barci kusan awanni 10 a rana. Black rat yana tsakanin inci 5 da 7 (130 da 180  tsawo (ba tare da wutsiya ba) kuma yana da nauyi tsakanin 2.5 da 8 ounces (71 da 227 . Yawancin lokaci baƙar fata ne zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da ciki mai launin haske.

 Yawan jama'a 
Rats ba su da tabbas ta hanyar halitta, kuma jami'an kiwon lafiya na jama'a ba su samar da wata hanyar da za a iya dogara da ita don kimanta lambobin su ba. Koyaya, binciken da Jonathan Auerbach ya yi a shekarar 2014, wanda aka ruwaito a cikin mujallar Significance ta Royal Statistical Society, ya kiyasta cewa akwai kusan beraye miliyan 2 a cikin birni. A cikin 2023, wani binciken da kamfanin kula da kwari na MMPC ta amfani da hanyar Auerbach ya kiyasta cewa yawan bera ya karu zuwa kusan miliyan 3. Wannan yana kusa da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan mutanen New York. Ya sabawa yawan kididdigar da ake maimaitawa cewa akwai beraye da yawa fiye da mutane a cikin yankuna biyar na Birnin New York (miliyan 8.5 a cikin 2023), tare da wasu kimantawa suna sanya yawan beraye da suka fi girma a kusan beraye biyar ga kowane mutum (miliyan 33.6).     

A cikin 2014, tashar talabijin ta Animal Planet ta kira birnin New York a matsayin "Mafi Mummunan Birnin Rat a Duniya". Idan aka kwatanta da sauran biranen Amurka, bincike ya nuna cewa New York ta fi dacewa da beraye. Wannan ƙaddamarwa ta dogara ne akan halaye kamar yanayin yawan jama'a, ayyukan tsaftar jama'a, yanayi, ƙa'idodin ginin gidaje da sauran masu canji. Masana sun yi la'akari da cewa ainihin yawan berayen ya bambanta, ya danganta da yanayi, ayyukan tsafta, ƙoƙarin sarrafa yawan jama'a, da kuma lokacin yanayi.

Manazarta