Kabari na Vvedenskoye

Makabartar Vvedenskoye (Rashanci: Введенское кладбище) makabarta ce mai tarihi a gundumar Lefortovo ta birnin Moscow a Rasha.

Har zuwa shekara ta 1918 yafi zama wurin binnewa ga al'ummomin Katolika da Furotesta na birnin, galibi kabilun Jamus, kuma saboda hekta ana kiransa Kabari na Jamus (Russian: Немецкое кладбище). Bayan shekara ta 1918 an lalata makabarta kuma an karɓi matattu na duk ikirarin, gami da malamai na Orthodox. A cikin tarihinsa an kuma yi amfani da shi sosai a matsayin makabartar soja. Tana kan kadada 20 tsakanin Gospitalny Val Street da Nalichnaya Street a 55°46′8′′N 37°42′25′′E / 55.76889°N 37.70694°E / 55. 76889; 37.70694.

 Asalin 
Tsakanin ƙarshen 1771 da 1772, Catherine the Great, Empress of the Russian Empire, ta ba da umurnin wanda ya ba da umarnin cewa, daga wannan lokacin, duk wanda ya mutu (ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu na zamantakewa ko asalin aji ba), ba shi da damar binne shi a cikin cocin cocin ko cocin da ke kusa. Dole ne a gina sabbin makabarta a duk fadin Daular Rasha kuma daga wannan lokacin dukansu dole ne a kasance a waje da iyakokin birni.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke bayan waɗannan matakan shine yawan jama'a a cikin cocin cocin da makabarta. Koyaya, ainihin abin da ya haifar da sabbin dokokin da aka aiwatar a kan irin wannan sikelin a duk fadin daular Rasha shine don kauce wa ci gaba da barkewar cututtukan da ke yaduwa sosai, musamman annoba ta baki wacce ta haifar da tashin hankali a Moscow a cikin 1771.

Lokacin da aka kafa makabartar Vvedenskoye a farkon shekarun 1770, an haɗa tsohuwar makabartar Jamus ta ƙarni na 16. Wannan tsohuwar makabartar tana kusa da Jamusanci Quarter (a gefen Kogin Yauza), wanda ya saba bauta wa al'ummar Lutheran da sauran addinan Kirista na Yamma. Baya ga al'ummar Jamusanci, makabarta ta kasance da yawan mutanen Ingilishi, Polish da Italiyanci.

Ba a saba da shi ba ga makabarta na Rasha, wasu kaburbura, musamman na mutanen Poland, an kafa su a matsayin ɓoye-ɓoye masu zaman kansu tare da ɗakin sujada; waɗannan yanzu suna cikin lalacewa. Yawancin kaburbura, duk da haka, duwatsu ne ko gicciye; kaburbura na gargajiya na Rasha na wannan lokacin ba su da yawa kuma yawanci na Orthodox ne, an binne su a wasu wurare kuma an sake su zuwa Vvedenskoe daga baya.

 Karni na 19 
Saboda kusanci da Lefortovo, Preobrazhenskoe da Semyonovskoe wuraren soja, Vvedenskoe kuma ya zama wurin da aka saba amfani da shi don binne sojojin da suka mutu - sojojin Rasha da kuma fursunonin yaki na kasashen waje. A shekara ta 1889 gwamnatin Faransa ta gina wani abin tunawa a kabarin sojoji na Grande Armée wadanda suka mutu a lokacin mamayar Faransa a Rasha a cikin 1812-1814. A cikin 1914-1918 makabartar ta kuma kula da fursunonin Jamus da Austriya na yakin duniya na farko.

A cikin karni na 19, an gano gawar Peter the Great Janar Franz Lefort da Patrick Gordon, dukansu sun mutu a shekara ta 1699, kuma an tura su zuwa Vvedenskoye. Har ila yau an binne shi a Vvedenskoye shine janar-major Karl Staal, wanda ya kasance kwamandan rundunar Astrakhan a cikin 1813-1814 War of the Sixth Coalition da Napoleon. Ɗaya daga cikin kaburbura masu ban mamaki, na injiniyan jirgin ƙasa kuma malami Christian Meyen, an haɗa shi da ƙafafun motar jirgin ƙasa da sassan injin tururi kuma an ɗora shi da gicciye na ƙarfe mai mita 5.￼

 Shahararrun mutane da aka binne kafin juyin juya halin 1917 

 Santino Campioni (1774-1847), mai zane-zane
 Agusta Davidov (1823-1885), masanin lissafi
 Semyon Eybushitz (1851-1898), masanin gine-gine
 John Field (1782-1837), mawaki
 Friedrich (Fyodor) Haass (1780-1853), likita kuma mai ba da agaji
 Gustav List (1835-1913), ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji
 Lucien Olivier (1838-1883), shugaban
 Pavel Petrovich Pahlen (1775-1834), janar na sojan doki
 Leonid Timister (1844-1905), ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji
 Pavel Pabst (1854-1897) pianist, composer da kuma malami

 Dubi kuma 

 Yankin Jamusanci
 Kabari na Volkovo
 Kabari na Smolensky
 Jamusawa daga Rasha

 Manazarta