Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Copenhagen

Gidan Opera na Copenhagen (a cikin harshen Danish wanda aka fi sani da Opera, a zahiri The opera ) shine gidan opera na ƙasa na Denmark, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajen opera na zamani mafi zamani a duniya. Hakanan yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajen opera mafi tsada da aka taɓa ginawa.  akan kuɗin DKK biliyan 2.5 (  dala miliyan 370,000,000 ).  Tana tsibirin Holmen a tsakiyar Copenhagen . 

 Tarihi 
Gidauniyar AP Møller og Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney Møllers Fond har zuwa almene Formal ta ba da gudummawar Opera House ga gwamnatin Denmark a watan Agusta na 2000. ( Arnold Peter Møller (1876–1965) ya kasance wanda ya kafa kamfanin da ake kira Mærsk ). Wasu 'yan siyasa sun ji haushi da gudummawar da aka bayar ta sirri, wani ɓangare saboda cikakken kuɗin aikin za a cire haraji, don haka kusan tilasta wa gwamnati ta sayi ginin; amma ' Yan Majalisa da gwamnati sun amince da shi a kaka na 2000.  

Mai zane Henning Larsen (1925–2013) da injiniyoyi Ramboll da Buro Happold da kuma mai ba da shawara kan wasan kwaikwayo Theatreplan ne suka tsara wurin. Arup Acoustics ne suka tsara kayan acoustics da Speirs da Major Associates suka tsara hasken gine-gine. AP Møller ne ya yanke shawara ta ƙarshe a cikin ƙirar ginin, duk da haka, ya ƙara ƙarfe a gaban gilashin, da sauransu. An fara ginin a watan Yunin 2001 kuma an kammala shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2004. An buɗe shi a ranar 15 ga Janairu 2005 a gaban fitaccen mai jigilar kaya Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller (1913–2012), Firayim Ministan Denmark Anders Fogh Rasmussen, da Sarauniya Margrethe II . Mai ɗaukar hoto Plácido Domingo ya yi baƙo mai ban sha'awa a matsayin Sigmund a cikin Die Walküre na Wagner a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 2006 a cikin wani shiri da Kasper Bech Holten ya shirya kuma Sarauniya ta halarta.   

 Wuri 
Gidan wasan opera yana tsakiyar Copenhagen a bakin Tekun Cikin Gida, kuma a gaban babban gidan sarauta na Amalienborg, gidan dangin sarauta na Denmark . An gina gidan wasan opera daidai da Cocin Amalienborg da Frederik ( Federiks Kirke ), wanda aka fi sani da Cocin Marble ( Marmorkirken ) don haka idan mutum ya tsaya a babban ƙofar Opera, zai iya ganin Cocin Marble a kan ruwa a kan hanyar da ta ratsa Amalienborg. Yankin tsibirin da aka gina Opera ana kiransa Dokøen, wanda ke nufin Tsibirin Dock . 'Yan mita kaɗan a yamma da wasan opera, har yanzu ana iya ganin tsohon tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar famfo.  

 Halaye 
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Danish ne ke kula da shi kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan aiki a duniya. Yana da babban dandamali tare da wasu matakai biyar da aka haɗa kai tsaye, inda za a iya motsa manyan shirye-shirye cikin sauƙi. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo zai iya zama tsakanin 1492 da 1703, ya danganta da girman ƙungiyar makaɗa. Kujerun 1492 duk an daidaita su daban-daban don samar da mafi kyawun ƙwarewa.

Wurin makada yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin kowace gidan wasan opera, tare da wurin da mawaƙa 110 za su iya shiga; tsarin yana ba da ingantaccen sauti ga ƙungiyar makada. Idan an cika ramin, wasu mawaƙa suna ƙasa da gaban dandamali, wanda ya zama abin cece-kuce tsakanin wasu membobin ƙungiyar makada (a cewar jagororin yawon buɗe ido a 2005), saboda wannan yana ƙara matakan sauti, fiye da waɗanda aka yarda da su a Denmark. Duk da haka, hayaniyar ba ta da yawa kuma hukumomi sun ba da damar hakan ya faru.

A lokacin gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo, an gudanar da wasu gwaje-gwajen sauti tare da labulen wuta yayin da ake gudanar da aikin fasaha a kan dandamali, amma an yi la'akari sosai da daidaito tsakanin rami da dandamali. Idan ƙungiyar makaɗa ƙarama ce ko babu, za a iya rufe ramin kuma a ƙara ƙarin kujeru a ɗakin taro. 
Kamar tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Danish da ke Copenhagen, Sarauniya tana da akwatinta a gefen hagu na ɗakin taro, mafi kusa da dandamali. An tsara falon don jin daɗi, bisa ga binciken ɗabi'a kan masu kallon opera waɗanda ke ƙara girman yankin bango don tsayawa a gabansa, yayin da har yanzu yana ba da ra'ayoyi a duk faɗin falon da kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ra'ayoyi akan Copenhagen. Yawon shakatawa masu jagora sun mamaye yawancin ginin, gami da ɗakunan taro da wuraren bayan fage.

 Takkelloftet 
Baya ga babban matakin, ginin ya kuma ƙunshi ƙaramin mataki don wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji, wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira "baƙar akwati" mai suna Takkelloftet . An sanya masa suna ne bayan asalin Takkelloftet, gini a kudu da Opera mai tsawon mita 280 kuma an gina shi tsakanin 1767 da 1772 don adana igiyoyi ga sojojin ruwa. Don haka wasan opera yana da alaƙa da tarihin teku na wurin da yake. 

Komai da ke kan dandamali da kuma a wurin masu kallo baki ne gaba ɗaya, kuma ana iya cire kujerun masu kallo cikin sauƙi domin sauƙaƙe saitin ɗakin don wasu saitunan. Akwai kujeru kusan 200 don wannan matakin. Takkelloftet yana da nasa falon. A cikin wannan ɗakin, an yi wa wasu bangon ado ta amfani da dutse iri ɗaya na Jura Gelb kamar na waje. An ɗora waɗannan duwatsun a bango ta yadda zai yiwu a yi amfani da faranti na dutse a matsayin nau'in kayan kiɗa kawai ta hanyar buga su da hannuwa marasa komai. 

 Bayan dandamali 
Opera tana da manyan matakai guda 6: 1 a bayyane ga masu kallo, da kuma 5 don yin gwaji da shirye-shiryen saiti. Tana da kusan duk abin da ake buƙata don wasan opera, ballet da sauransu, gami da lif ɗin mataki, benayen ballet masu motsi, da sauransu. Ginin yana da girman mita 41,000 kuma yana da benaye 14, daga cikinsu 5 suna ƙasa da ƙasa. Tana ɗauke da ɗakuna sama da 1000, gami da babban ɗakin gwaji na ƙungiyar makaɗa . Duk da kayan aikinta na alfarma, akwai kujeru kusan 1500 kawai saboda yawan kujerun zai kawo cikas ga ingancin sauti.

Ba kamar tsohon wasan opera da ke Copenhagen ba, ana ba wa masu fasaha damar ɗaukar lif daga ɗakin gyaran jikinsu zuwa kan dandamali, saboda amincinsu. Duk da haka, ɗakunan gyaran jikin suna nesa da kan dandamali, wanda hakan ya sa kusan ba zai yiwu a dawo da saurin canza kayan kwalliya ba. Masu zane ba su yi la'akari da wannan ba, amma masu zane-zane sun magance wannan matsalar ta hanyar gina ɗakunan gyaran jiki na wucin gadi kusa da babban dandamali don canza tufafi ko kayan kwalliya cikin sauri.

Ginin yana ba da damar fita waje a saman bene, amma yana yiwuwa a yi tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali ne kawai a gefen kudu na ginin (a gaban ƙofar shiga). Kantin ma'aikata yana nan a wannan yanki, an keɓe shi daga ganin jama'a.

 Gine-gine, fasaha da ado 
Mai zane Henning Larsen ne ya tsara ginin tare da haɗin gwiwa mai kud da kud da Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller . Mærsk yana son ginin ya kasance yana da siffofi da yawa a cikin ƙirarsa: ba zai zama ya tsufa a cikin aiki da kamanni ba saboda duk wani sulhu na kuɗi. Ya gwada kujeru da kayan aiki da kansa, ya ziyarci wurare da yawa a duniya don ganin yadda aka gina gine-ginen opera da kuma yadda kayan ginin ke kula da su bayan an fallasa su ga yanayi a kan lokaci. A gefe guda kuma, Henning Larsen yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da ra'ayoyin gine-gine na asali ta hanyar tsarin gini, musamman game da babban gaban gilashin, wanda ya zama batun babban ce-ce-ku-ce da sulhu daga baya. 

Ginin waje yana fuskantar Jura Gelb, wani dutse mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa da aka haƙa a Jamus. Yana kan ƙasa wanda ke kewaye da magudanan ruwa waɗanda aka tsara don ba da ra'ayi cewa ginin yana kan tsibiri. An yi gadojin da aka gina don shiga ginin da bishiyoyin itacen oak waɗanda aka dasa a ƙarni na 19 don amfani da su wajen maye gurbin jiragen ruwan ƙasa da suka ɓace bayan harin bam na Copenhagen a watan Satumba na 1807. An tsara gaban ginin da manyan allunan gilashi don ganin harsashin ɗakin taro daga gefen tashar jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, Mærsk ya jaddada cewa gilashi ba ya tsufa sosai, don haka aka canza fuskar ginin zuwa grid na ƙarfe.  Masana fasahar gine-ginen Austrian , Waagner-Biro ne suka tsara kuma suka gina gaban ginin. 

Bene na falon yana da marmara na Sicilian Perlatino. Babban falon yana ɗauke da fitilun zagaye guda uku da mai zane na Iceland Olafur Eliasson ya ƙirƙira. Kowace fitilun ta ƙunshi guntu-guntu da yawa na gilashi, waɗanda suke iya ratsawa ta yadda haske zai iya wucewa, wasu kuma su yi haske. Tsarin yana canzawa idan aka duba shi daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Mai zane kuma mai zane Per Arnoldi ya tsara tambarin wasan opera, wanda ake iya gani a ƙasan marmara a cikin ƙofar shiga. Mai zane da mai sassaka Per Kirkeby (1938–2018) ya ƙirƙiri kayan ado na tagulla guda huɗu don bangon zuwa ɗakin taro, a ƙasa da ɓangaren itacen maple. Per Arnoldi ya kuma tsara labulen gaba don babban mataki, wanda aka yi da zare masu launi da yawa wanda ke haifar da tasirin girma uku, wanda ba ya sake fitowa sosai a cikin hotuna.    

Bangon baya na falon da fuskokin baranda an yi su da maple . Manufar masu gine-ginen farko ita ce su sa katakon ya yi kama da na tsohon goge. Duk da haka, amfani da wannan dabarar zai yi tsada sosai. Madadin haka, sun yi ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon launin ta amfani da dabarun fenti na gargajiya, kuma sakamakon ya yi kama da juna (shafin farko na hukuma ya faɗi daban, amma jagororin Opera suna ba da wannan labarin). Saboda launin lemu da siffarsa, mazauna yankin sun san shi da kyau a matsayin kabewa .

An yi wa rufin ɗakin taron ado da zanen gado kusan 105,000 na kusan carat tsantsa (100%) na ganyen zinare . Ƙasa a babban ɗakin taron an yi shi da itacen oak mai hayaƙi . An ƙera fuskokin baranda da ƙofofi na musamman don inganta ingancin sauti, da kuma hasken LED wanda za a iya haskakawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

 Takaddama 
Bayan ƙaddamar da Opera, mai zane Henning Larsen ya ɗauki matakin da ba a saba gani ba don rubuta wani littafi mai suka game da ginin da kuma yadda aka gina shi.  Larsen a nan ya nisanta kansa daga Opera kuma ya kira shi "kabarin" ga Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller da "ba tare da kwatantawa ba mafi yawan masu shi [bygherreinficiserede] 'mafi muni' a cikin shekaru hamsin da na yi a matsayin mai zane mai zaman kansa - wanda aka matse tsakanin Phantom of the Opera da kansa [watau, Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller], manyan masu jigilar kaya, da lauyoyi." A Denmark da kuma a duniya baki ɗaya, ba sabon abu ba ne ga mai zane ya buga irin wannan sukar raini ga ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginensu da kuma mai shi wanda ya ba da umarnin aikin. Henning Larsen ya yi matukar fushi da gaske game da yadda Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller ya yi masa da gininsa, wanda littafin ya rubuta dalla-dalla. Saboda haka, littafin takarda ce mai ban mamaki kuma mai ban sha'awa dangane da tarihin gine-gine da al'adu.

 Sufuri 
Hanya mai lamba 903 ta Copenhagen Harbour Bus suna jigilar kaya tsakanin Nyhavn da Opera daga 7-23 daga Litinin zuwa Juma'a da kuma daga 10 zuwa 23 a ƙarshen mako. Harbour Buses Routes 901 da 902 kuma suna hidimar opera, suna haɗa ta zuwa wasu wurare daban-daban a gefen tashar jiragen ruwa. Hanya mai lamba 66 tana haɗa Opera House da Central Station . Tun daga shekarar 2015, tashar ƙarshe ta bas 9A ita ma Opera ce.
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