Shirin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tsakiyar Himalayan

Shirin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tsakiyar Himalayan (MHWDP) shiri ne na kiwo na kasa mai girman hekta 222,951 (kadada 550,920) a Himachal Pradesh, Indiya, wanda ke da niyya ta hanyar ci gaba mai ɗorewa da ci gaba mai dorewa don kafa tsarin yanayin ruwan ruwa mai aiki. MHWDP ta fara kawo koma baya a shekaru da dama na lalacewar tushen albarkatun kasa da suka hada da dazuzzuka, ta samu ingantacciyar amfanin gona da samar da albarkatu, kuma ta samar da kudaden shiga na gidaje na karkara. Ya haɗa da aikin Gyara dazuzzuka na Himachal Pradesh (HPRF), aikin mafi girman tsaftataccen tsarin ci gaban duniya (CDM).

 Tarihi 
Mid-Himalayan Watershed Development Project (MHWDP) wani bangare ne na gudanarwa na Ma'aikatar dazuzzuka ta Gwamnatin Himachal Pradesh .  Masu ruwa da tsaki na MHWDP sune Ma'aikatar dazuzzuka, gram panchayats na gida (GPs), da Bankin Duniya. Aikin yana da niyyar juyar da shekaru da yawa na lalacewar tushen albarkatun halitta da inganta damar samarwa da kudaden shiga na gidajen karkara a yankunan aikin. Yin amfani da tsarin ci gaban al'umma, MHWDP na da niyyar inganta girbi na ruwa, kara yankin da ke karkashin ban ruwa don rarraba noma da lambu, da kiyayewa da haɓaka ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa.

MHWDP ta rufe hekta 222,951 a cikin ruwa na yankin Mid-Himalayan a cikin Siwalik Hills tsakanin mita 600 da 1800 sama da matsakaicin matakin teku. Ya ƙunshi yankunan da ke tattare da manyan koguna uku na Arewacin Indiya, Ravi, Beas da Sutlej .  Wadannan koguna sun ha da Indus, wanda ke ɗauke da ruwa wanda ke kula da mutane sama da miliyan 200. Aikin ya rufe yankuna 11 na ruwa kuma ya haɗa da panchayats gram 704 da ke cikin tubalan 43 da suka bazu a kan gundumomi 10 na jihar.

MHWDP manages a subproject, the Himachal Pradesh Reforestation Project (HPRP), also called the HP Bio-Carbon Reforestation Project-Improving Livelihoods and Watersheds.  HPRP implements Afforestation and Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism (A/R CDM) activities, initially on 4,003.07 ha but subsequently expanded to approximately 10,000 ha of degraded lands.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span>] MHWDP will manage HPRP until 2013 or beyond. The State Forest Department will subsequently manage the project. HPRP was registered with the UNFCCC 30 Jun 2011 (or whenever...)

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 
Yanayin halitta na Himachal Pradesh suna nuna babban matsayi na endemism,  magana akan nau'ikan da aka samu kawai a waɗannan yankuna. Gudanar da magudanar ruwa yana da niyya ga fa'idodin muhalli iri-iri kamar wuraren zama don rabe-raben halittu, kiyaye ƙasa, rage lalata, da ingantacciyar gandun daji.

dazuzzuka na ruwa na Himachal Pradesh suna da muhimmiyar carbon sink don iskar gas. Itace na halitta suna rufe carbon dioxide, suna ba da gudummawa game da kashi 90% na ajiyar carbon na duniya. Matsayin cubic na itace mai sayarwa yana riƙe da kusan 15 kg na carbon. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da cinikin carbon a matsayin rage fitar da iskar gas. Kimanin darajar kasuwar kasa da kasa na tan daya na carbon shine US $ 19. 

Himachal Pradesh ta yi ƙoƙari ta zama jihar farko mai tsaka-tsaki a Indiya.[./Mid-Himalayan_Watershed_Development_Project#cite_note-WB20120906-9 [1]] An haɓaka aikin A/R CDM a ƙarƙashin inuwar Bankin Duniya da ke tallafawa aikin MHWD kuma ana sa ran za a raba raka'a 828,016 tCO2-e na Rage Emission (tCER)  wanda aka fi sani da ƙimar carbon, kowane ɗayan yana daidai da rage tonne ɗaya na CO2e, misali. CO2 ko makamancinsa),

over the first crediting period of 20-years at the rate of 10.34 tCO2-e/ha/year.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span>]

 Shirin ci gaban tsabta na farko na Indiya (CDM) 
 Za a rage hayakin carbon da tan 40,000 a kowace shekara don tsawon shekaru 20 daga shekara ta 2006.
 za a iya fadada shi zuwa jimlar shekaru 60
 An yi rajistar aikin don ƙididdigar carbon ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda Bankin Duniya zai sayi ƙididdigari na carbon daga sabbin gandun daji / shuke-shuke da ake haɓaka a wuraren da suka lalace a cikin panchayats na gram 177 da ke rufe kusan hekta 4,000 da ke fadowa a cikin gundumomi 10 na jihar.
 Tasirin yanki na hekta 4,003.07
 Babban aikin irin wannan a duniya,
 karfi motsawa don kare gandun daji a yankin.

fadada : [Carbon dioxide daidai] An ƙididdige kuɗin da ake samu akan dalar Amurka 5 akan kowace ton na carbon dioxide da aka tara a cikin biomass, sama da ƙarƙashin ƙasa. This equates to approximately Rs 2,500 per hectare, depending on growth of trees and other factors.

 Bayyanawa 
An ba da jaddadawa ga tabbatar da gaskiya da lissafin kulawar gwamnati da yanke shawara na aikin. Don sauƙaƙe ikon mallakar shirin, gwamnatin Himachal Pradesh ta gudanar da shawarwari tare da manyan masu ruwa da tsaki, sannan kuma ta yi hayar asusun namun daji na duniya don tantance kai tsaye da bayar da rahoto game da ra'ayoyin masu ruwa da tsaki. Velander ya bincika tsarin MHWDP, wanda ke aiwatar da manufofi da manufofinsu ta hanyar kananan hukumomin da suka riga sun kasance, Gram Panchayats .

 Nasarorin da aka samu 
MHWDP ta ba da damar tashoshin ban ruwa sama da kilomita 200 da tankunan girbi na ruwa sama da 6,000, tafkuna sama da 1,000, kusan madatsun ruwa da kuma tsarin ban ruwa sama na 260 ko ƙarfin maganaɗiso, kuma ta canza kimanin hekta 9,000 na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama zuwa gonar ban ruwa, yana amfana da wasu iyalai 100,000.World Bank approves loan of $37 million for Himachal. New York Daily News 28 September 2012  Girman vermicomposting da sauran ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa yana ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa, kuma ingantaccen ikon riƙe ruwa yana sauƙaƙa Aikin noma mai ɗorewa da mai amfani. 

A tsakiyar wa'adi a watan Nuwamba, 2009, aikin ya riga ya zarce burinsa na ƙarshen aikin na kashi 50 cikin 100 na ƙãra yawan amfanin gona, wanda ya sami ƙarin fa'ida (kashi 236), masara (kashi 163 cikin ɗari), alkama (kashi 90 cikin ɗari), da kuma noman noma (kashi 11). Kimanin manoma 10,000 sun canza hanyoyin noma da tallace-tallace, gami da karɓar amfanin gona mai daraja kamar kayan lambu da kayan yaji. An haɗa manoma 1,500 a cikin ƙungiyoyin madara da ke da alaƙa da tsire-tsire masu sanyaya madara. Kudin shiga na gidaje ya karu da kashi 13 cikin dari, galibi saboda ayyukan fadada aikin, musamman inganta fasahar samar da aikin gona da alaƙar kasuwa.

Sauran jihohi a Indiya suna neman kwaikwayon aikin bashi na carbon na Himachal. Ya ga a matsayin mai yiwuwa ga wasu ƙasashe a Kudancin Asiya. "...Bayan samun rajistar Cibiyar Ci gaban Ruwa ta Tsakiyar Himalayan tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Tsarin Tsarin Sauyin Yanayi (UNFCCC), Himachal Pradesh ta zama jiha ta farko a Indiya don aiwatar da aikin ci gaba mai tsabta (CDM). Karkashin aikin, mafi girma a duniya..." Fadada bisa.

 Kudin kuɗi 
Bankin Duniya da aikin gwamnatin jihar Himachal Pradesh suna samun kuɗi ne ta hanyar bashi daga Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Duniya (IDA), ƙungiyar ba da rance ta Bankin Duniya. Bankin Duniya don sake ginawa da ci gaba (IBRD) yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da Asusun BioCarbon (BioCF)  DNA  Spain [''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span>]''">citation needed] shine tushen kudade ga IDA.  Kudin ci gaban kore na dala miliyan 200 ne. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro tsakanin Bankin Duniya da gwamnatin jihar a New Delhi a ranar 28 ga Yulin 2012.  Kudin ya kunshi tallafin kashi 90 cikin dari da rancen kashi 10 cikin dari a farashin riba na kashi 0.7 cikin dari (wanda za'a iya biya a cikin shekaru 30).  

Kodayake kawai 1 daga cikin ayyukan 76 kuma kawai US $ 200 miliyan na Bankin Duniya na US $ 23 biliyan fayil a Indiya,  HPRF shine mafi girma a duniya kuma aikin ci gaban tsabta na farko na Indiya (CDM).  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi rajistar MHWDP don tsarin kasuwancin carbon a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkinobho kan Canjin Yanayi .  Bankin zai sayi kudaden carbon daga sabbin gandun daji da ake bunkasa. Shirin rance ya karya sabon tushe kuma yana da damar yin tasiri mai mahimmanci na nunawa wajen inganta tsarin ci gaban kore.

Aikin WB don rufe wasu ƙauyuka 102 

Ayyukan Taimako na waje a Himachal Pradesh 

An amince da aikin a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2012 kuma ranar da aka tsara na rufe wannan aikin shine 30 Satumba 2013..

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Haɗin waje 

 Shirin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tsakiyar Himalayan. hpmidhimalayan.org
 Matsayi da Sakamakon Himachal Pradesh Mid-Himalayan Watershed Development Project: P093720.  Bankin Duniya.