Kisan mata a Iran

Kisan mata a Iran an nuna shi a cikin manyan abubuwa guda biyu: tashin hankali da jihar ta yi wa mata da ke cikin zanga-zangar, da kuma abin da ake kira "kisan girmamawa" da maza suka yi. A lokuta biyu, ana kashe mata ne sakamakon hanyoyin kula da jinsi, ko dai ta hukumomi ko a cikin iyali mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da tsarin zamantakewa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a lokacin guguwar zanga-zangar kamar wanda ya haifar da mutuwar Mahsa Amini, an rubuta shari'o'i da yawa na mata da jami'an tsaro suka kashe. Wadannan mata sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar ko kuma an yi niyya da su saboda zargin keta ka'idojin tufafi ko ka'idoji na addini da zamantakewa. An kashe mutane da yawa a kan tituna ko a tsare, ba tare da ɗaukar hoto na kafofin watsa labarai ko nuna gaskiya ba.

A lokaci guda, abin da ya faru na kisan gilla ya ci gaba, inda mazaje, iyaye, 'yan'uwa, ko wasu dangi ke kashe mata a kan uzuri cewa sun kawo "abin kunya" ga iyali. Wadannan shari'o'in suna faruwa a duk faɗin Iran, daga manyan birane zuwa ƙauyuka masu nisa, kuma galibi ba a bayar da rahoto ba ko kuma ba a rubuta su ba. Dokar Iran wani lokacin tana ba da sauƙi ga masu aikata laifin, musamman ma lokacin da mai kisan ya zama mahaifin wanda aka azabtar ko dangi na kusa.

Kisan mata a Iran ana ganin shi a matsayin matsanancin bayyanar ikon shugabanci kuma ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwa da ra'ayoyin addini da zamantakewa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, dokokin nuna bambanci, da rashin aiwatar da aiki. Rubuce-rubuce na wannan sabon abu yana nuna hauhawar yawan sa kuma yana nuna gazawar tsarin shari'a da al'umma don hana shi.

 Kididdiga da Hakkin Jiha 
Kisan mata a Iran ya zama matsala mai tsanani da tsari, tare da bayanan da ke nuna yanayin tashin hankali. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun nuna rashin ingantaccen kariya ta doka ga mata da kuma gazawar hukumomin Iran don hana ko azabtar da tashin hankali na jinsi. A cewar Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Iran, a cikin 2024, wani dangi ya kashe mace daya a kowace kwana biyu. Wadannan adadi kawai suna wakiltar shari'o'in da aka ruwaito a fili, suna nuna cewa adadin gaskiya yana iya zama mafi girma.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam a Iran ya ba da rahoton cewa akalla an rubuta kisan mata 179 a cikin shekara ta 2024. Rahoton, wanda Mai Sato ya tattara, ya ja hankalin ga tsarin shari'a mai rikitarwa wanda ke kare masu aikata laifuka maza, gami da dokokin da ke ba da sauƙi ga abin da ake kira "kisan girmamawa" da rashin isasshen aiwatar da matakan kariya. Wadannan rashi na tsarin suna nuna rashin kulawa (kuma a wasu lokuta, hadin kai) wajen ba da damar tashin hankali na jinsi.

Binciken da aka gudanar a cikin shekarun 2000 ya nuna cewa kashi 66.3% na mata sun fuskanci wasu nau'ikan tashin hankali na gida tun farkon aurensu. A cikin kashi 10.5% na shari'o'in, an bayyana tashin hankali a matsayin mai tsanani. Musamman, kashi 53% na mata sun fuskanci tashin hankali a cikin shekara ta farko ta aure. Kodayake wasu daga cikin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sun haifar da kisan mata, yaduwar tantancewa da rashin nuna gaskiya a cikin rahotanni na hukuma sun rufe ainihin sikelin irin waɗannan laifuka.

 Shekaru na 2010 (1390s) 
A cikin 2018, rahotanni na tashin hankali a kan mata sun karu da kashi 20% zuwa 22% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. Masana sun danganta wannan ga karuwar wayar da kan jama'a da inganta hanyoyin bayar da rahoto, maimakon hauhawar abubuwan da suka faru. A cikin 2020, Kungiyar Magunguna ta Shari'a ta Iran ta rubuta gwaje-gwaje 80,187 da suka shafi tashin hankali na gida, kashi 96% daga cikinsu sun shafi mata da suka kamu. Duk da girman batun, hukumomin gwamnati sun kasa samar da kariya ta tsari ko ingantaccen magunguna na shari'a ga wadanda abin ya shafa.

 Shekaru na 2020 (1400s) 
A farkon shekarun 2020, bayanan bincike sun nuna cewa kashi 97% na shari'o'in cin zarafin gida 20,735 sun shafi mata da aka azabtar. A cikin wannan shekarar, binciken da Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Iran ta yi ya gano cewa kashi 77.2% na mata a cikin manyan birane biyar sun fuskanci akalla nau'i daya na tashin hankali a lokacin kullewar COVID-19. Daga cikinsu, kashi 91.2% sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali, kashi 65.8% na cin zarafin jima'i, kashi 42.6% na cin zarafi, da kuma raunin da ya haifar da tashin hankali.[1]￼

Tsakanin farkon kwata na 2022 da 2024, akalla mata da 'yan mata 85 an kashe su ne daga dangin maza na kusa. Lardin Tehran ya rubuta mafi yawan adadin, tare da rahotanni biyar. A cikin 2023, an rubuta aƙalla kashe-kashen girmamawa 186 daga cikinsu 32 sun faru a Tehran kadai.

 Rashin Matsayi 
Wadannan kididdigar suna nuna ba kawai yaduwar tashin hankali na al'umma akan mata ba har ma da gazawar gwamnatin Iran don kare 'yan uwanta mata. Dokokin nuna bambanci, rashin lissafi ga masu aikata laifuka, da kuma rashin hanyoyin bincike masu zaman kansu sun haifar da yanayin da ake fuskanta da tashin hankali ga mata (ciki har da kisan mata) ba tare da hukunci ba. A cikin shari'o'i da yawa da aka rubuta, cibiyoyin gwamnati sun yi watsi da ko kuma sun amince da laifukan, suna jaddada bukatar gaggawa don sake fasalin tsarin shari'a da shari'a na Iran game da tashin hankali na jinsi.[1]￼

 Kashe-kashen Mata na Jiha 
A Iran, an rubuta shari'o'i da yawa inda sojojin gwamnati suka kashe mata saboda batutuwan da suka shafi hijabi na tilas ko shiga cikin zanga-zangar.

 Neda Agha-Soltan 
Neda Agha-Soltan, dalibi ne na falsafa, an harbe shi kuma an kashe shi a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2009 a lokacin zanga-zangar bayan zaben 2009 a titin Kargar Shomali a Tehran. Hotunan mutuwarta sun bazu ko'ina kuma sun zama alama ce ta duniya ta tashin hankali a kan masu zanga-zangar da kuma juriya ga mata da 'yan Iran.

 Mahsa Amini 
A ranar 13 ga Satumba 2022, Mahsa Amini, wata mace mai shekaru 22 daga Saqqez, an kama ta a Tehran ta hanyar Guidance Patrol saboda "hijab mara kyau". Ta mutu bayan kwana uku yayin da take cikin tsare. Mutuwarta ta haifar da zanga-zangar kasa da kasa kuma ta haifar da farkon kungiyar Woman, Life, Freedom.

 Arezu Badri 
A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2022, Nika Shakarami, yarinya mai shekaru 17 daga Lorestan, ta ɓace a Tehran a lokacin zanga-zangar Woman, Life, Freedom . Kwanaki tara bayan haka, an gano jikinta a cikin wani kabari na Tehran dauke da alamun mummunar tashin hankali. Hukumomin Iran sun yi iƙirarin cewa ta mutu ne saboda faduwa, amma iyalinta da shaidu sun ki amincewa da wannan labarin, suna kiran shi ƙoƙari ne na rufe kisan ta. Mutuwarta ta zama alama ce ta tashin hankali a kan masu zanga-zangar kuma ta haifar da martani mai yawa a Iran da kuma duniya.

 Elahe Hosseinnezhad 
Elahe Hosseinnezhad, wata mace mai shekaru 24 daga Eslamshahr, ta ɓace a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2025 bayan ta bar wurin aikinta a unguwar Sa'adat Abad ta Tehran. An gan ta ta karshe tana shiga mota mai wucewa a Azadi Square, bayan haka duk hulɗa da ita ta ƙare. Kwanaki goma bayan haka, an gano jikinta a cikin hamada kusa da Filin jirgin saman Mehrabad.

Wannan shari'ar ta nuna raunin tsarin tsaro da tallafi na Iran don kare mata. Duk da yake Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta ware albarkatu masu yawa don aiwatar da ka'idojin tufafi na tilas da kuma ƙuntata 'yancin jama'a na mata, ta kasa tabbatar da tsaron su na asali. Kisan Elahe Hosseinnezhad ya zama alama ce ta rashin kulawar jihar ga hakkoki da lafiyar mata. Manufofin hukuma suna ci gaba da mai da hankali kan sarrafawa da iyakance 'yancin mutum maimakon kare' yan ƙasa.

 Mata da aka kashe a lokacin zanga-zangar 2022 
A lokacin zanga-zangar da aka yi a duk fadin kasar bayan mutuwar Mahsa Amini, an kashe akalla mutane 537, ciki har da mata da yawa. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu sakamakon harbin bindiga, duka, ko azabtarwa. 

 Rikicin da 'yan sanda suka yi 
Rahotanni da yawa sun rubuta halayyar tashin hankali ta hanyar Guidance Patrol (yan sanda na ɗabi'a) a kan mata. Misali, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024, wani bidiyon da ya nuna jami'an da ke kai hari ga wata mace saboda "bayyanawa" ya bazuwar, wanda ya haifar da fushin jama'a. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru misalai ne na tashin hankali na tsarin da aka yi wa mata a Iran kuma masu gwagwarmaya sun bayyana su a matsayin wani nau'i na kisan mata na jihar.

 Dubi kuma 

 Kisan mata a Turkiyya

 Manazarta 

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