Essonne

Essonne (Faransa pronunciation) sashen ne a yankin kudancin yankin Île-de-France . An sanya masa suna ne bayan kogin Essonne . A cikin 2019, tana da yawan mutane 1,301,659, a fadin Yankuna 194. 

An kafa Essonne a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1968, lokacin da aka raba Seine-et-Oise zuwa ƙananan sassan. gundumar ta ita ce Évry-Courcouronnes . Lambar INSEE da lambar gidan waya ita ce 91.

 Tarihi 
An kirkiro sashen Essonne a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1968, [me ya sa?] daga yankin kudancin tsohon sashen Seine-et-Oise. 

A watan Yunin 1963,  ta bude babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki na farko a Yankin Paris a Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois (ko da yake an fara amfani da kalmar "hypermarché" ne kawai a shekarar 1966). Dangane da ra'ayoyin da aka gabatar da shi ta hanyar Amurka mai suna Bernardo Trujillo,  cibiyar ta ba da gudummawa a kan wani yanki guda  m2  sq  wanda har yanzu ba a sani ba na zabi mai yawa da ƙananan farashi, wanda ke tallafawa da wuraren ajiye motoci 400.

A shekara ta 1969, an raba yankuna Châteaufort da Toussus-le-Noble daga Essonne kuma an kara su zuwa sashen Yvelines.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Essonne na yankin Île-de-France ne.

Yana da iyakoki tare da sassan:

 Hauts-de-Seine da Val-de-Marne zuwa arewa,
 Seine-et-Marne zuwa gabas,
 Loiret zuwa kudu,
 Eure-et-Loir da Yvelines zuwa yamma.

Dukkanin sashen arewacin Essonne na cikin garin Paris ne kuma yana da birane sosai. Kudancin ya kasance karkara.

 Manyan garuruwa 
Garin da ya fi yawan jama'a shine Évry-Courcouronnes, gundumar. Ya zuwa 2019, birane 5 mafi yawan jama'a sune: 
Al'ummaYawan jama'a (2019) Évry-Courcouronnes66,851Corbeil-Essonnes51,234Massy50,644Savigny-sur-Orge36,577Saint-Geneviève-des-Bois35,830
A cikin tsari mai saukowa, sauran yankuna sama da 25,000 sune: Athis-Mons, Palaiseau, Vigneux-sur-Seine, Viry-Châtillon, Ris-Orangis, Yerres, Draveil, Grigny, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Étampes, Brunoy da Les Ulis .  Milly-la-Forêt sanannen misali ne na Yankunan karkara

 Babban abubuwan da aka gani 

 Makarantar Polytechnique. An kafa shi a shekara ta 1794, L' yana daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'in injiniya a Faransa. Wannan jami'ar ta kasance ta 10 a duniya ta hanyar Times Higher Education Supplement a shekara ta 2005. Cibiyarta tana cikin garin Palaiseau .
 Jami'ar Paris ta Kudu. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantun jama'a a Faransa, an sanya shi a matsayi na 52 ta hanyar Matsayi na Jami'o'in Duniya. An fi saninsa da sashen lissafi. Da yake a Orsay, Essonne, kimanin dalibai 26,000 ne suka shiga.
 Hedikwatar Kamfanin Arianespace, babban mai jefa sararin samaniya na kasuwanci, yana ba da sabis ga kamfanonin da ke son kaddamar da tauraron dan adam zuwa sararin samaniya.
 Gidan sarauta na Montlhéry Da farko sun kasance tsohuwar sansani a zamanin Roman, sarakuna na farko sun fara zama a cikin gidan sarauta a kusa da 1000 AD. An yi babban yaƙi a cikin gidan sarauta a lokacin rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1465, Charles the Rash da Sarkin Faransa Louis XI sun yi yaƙi a filayen da ke gaban gidan sarauta. A cikin 1842, an fara sake gina gidan sarauta, kuma a halin yanzu ana kiyaye shi ta garin Montlhery
 Gidan sarauta na Courances
 Dajin Sénart. Ya rufe hekta 3,500 a yankin, wannan gandun daji yana da matukar muhimmanci ga jama'ar yankin. Karamar hukuma ta hana hanyoyi da kamfanonin noma daga yanke wasu sassan wannan gandun daji. Dajin yana karɓar baƙi tsakanin miliyan biyu zuwa uku a kowace shekara, kuma gwamnati tana kashe Yuro miliyan 1.2 a kowace shekara don kula da shi.
 Tashar sadarwa ta Sudparis Yana cikin Évry, wannan babbar makarantar injiniyoyi ce.

 Siyasa 
Babban wakilin siyasa na sashen shine Manuel Valls, wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Faransa daga 31 ga Maris 2014 zuwa 6 ga Disamba 2016. Valls ya ziyarci babban garinsu, Évry, don gabatar da maganganu bayan kisan gillar Charlie Hebdo na Janairu 2015. Shugaban Majalisar Ma'aikatar shine François Durovray, wanda aka zaba a shekarar 2015.

 Zaben shugaban kasa, zagaye na biyu 
ZaɓuɓɓukaDan takarar da ya ci nasaraJam'iyyar%Dan takara na biyuJam'iyyar%2022Emmanuel MacronLREM65.43Marine Le PenFN34.572017Emmanuel MacronLREM72.18Marine Le PenFN27.822012François HollandePS53.43Nicolas SarkozyUMP46.572007Nicolas SarkozyUMP52.08Ségolène RoyalPS47.922002Jacques ChiracRPR84.96Jean-Marie Le PenFN15.041995Jacques ChiracRPR53.30Lionel JospinPS15.04

 Yawon shakatawa 

 Manazarta