Batutuwan muhalli a Florida

Akwai batutuwan muhalli da yawa a Florida. Babban bangare na jihar yana da yanayin halittu daban-daban, gami da manyan wuraren da ke cikin Everglades. Gudanar da batutuwan muhalli da suka shafi Everglades, da kuma ruwan bakin teku da wuraren da ke da ruwa, ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na Tarihin Florida kuma ya rinjayi ci gaban bangarori da yawa na tattalin arzikinta, gami da Masana'antar noma. Wannan bambancin halittu ya sa yanayin halittu na Florida ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da nau'o'in da suka mamaye da ayyukan ɗan adam kamar gurɓata.

Saboda ƙananan tsawo, an bayyana Florida a matsayin "ƙasa zero" don Canjin yanayi a Amurka.

 Everglades 
Everglades wurare ne masu zafi da ke kudancin Florida waɗanda aka sanya su a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yankuna uku kawai na muhimmancin duniya. Ana gudanar da Maido da Everglades tare da aikin dala biliyan 7.8, shekaru 30 da nufin adanawa da maidowa.

 Biodiversity 
Florida panther wani nau'i ne mai haɗari na cougar (Puma concolor). Akwai kimanin mutane 230 a cikin daji. Cibiyar Biological Diversity da sauransu sun yi kira ga wani yanki mai kariya na musamman ga panther.

Manatees kuma suna mutuwa a cikin adadi mafi girma fiye da haihuwar su.

A shekara ta 1977, gwamnatin tarayya ta sanya alligators a cikin jerin masu haɗari. An cire su daga jerin masu haɗari a cikin 1987 kuma Florida ta ba da izinin farauta a cikin 1988. 

A cikin 2013, Hukumar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka tana nazarin jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu tara don ganin idan ya kamata a kara su cikin jerin kariya. Wadannan sun hada da darter mai laushi, Panama City crayfish, Suwanee moccasin shell mussel, gabashin hellbender salamander, Florida Keys mole skink, MacGillivray's seaside sparrow, boreal toad, Sierra Nevada red fox, da Bicknell's thrush.

 Dabbobi masu mamayewa 
Jiha tana da dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi da masu rarrafe fiye da kowane wuri a duniya. Masana'antar dabbobi ce ke da alhakin kashi 84% na nau'in da ba na asali ba 137 da aka gabatar daga 1863 zuwa 2010. 25% an gano su ne ga mai shigowa guda ɗaya.

 Tsire-tsire 
Ki 1,300 na nau'ikan shuke-shuke na Florida (kashi 31 cikin dari na jimlar) ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba ne waɗanda suka zama masu kafawa; kashi 10 cikin dari na waɗannan ana ɗaukar su masu mamayewa." Uku mafi lalacewar muhalli sune Albasa ta Brazil (Schinus terebinthifolius), wanda ya ɗauki kadada sama da 703,500 (2,800 ) a kudu da tsakiyar Florida, kuma ya samar da mahalli guda ɗaya; Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia), wanda ya mamaye kadada 488,800 (2,000 km2) - fiye da kashi 12 cikin ɗari na jimlar ƙasar da ta faɗi a cikin kimanin kadada 50 (202,300 m2) a kowace rana; da kuma Australian pine (Casuarina spp.) wanda ya rufe kadada 372,23 da kuma ya sakiwa a cikin kadada 1,500).

A cikin shekara ta 2013, ba a ga maciji guda biyar ba, 'yan asalin Florida, a cikin shekaru shida. Wadannan sun hada da zestos skipper, rockland Meske's skipper, zarucco duskywing, nickerbean blue, da Bahamian swallowtail. Ofishin Kifi da namun daji na Amurka ba ya son bayyana su saboda an "sake gano" wasu nau'ikan malam buɗe ido bayan dogon lokaci ba a gan su ba.

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) ita ce mafi mahimmancin nau'in shuke-shuke na ruwa a cikin jihar;  mai tsananin ilimin halitta, sinadarai da sarrafa inji ya rage tasirin ruwa (Eichhornia crassipes)  da ruwa lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). 

 Dabbobi 
QqqqqSaboda wani bangare na yaduwarsa a cikin cinikin dabbobi na waje,  Florida tana da adadi mai yawa na nau'in da ba na asali ba. Hukumar Kifi da namun daji ta Florida ta bi diddigin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 31, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 196, nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe 48, nau'ikan amphibians 4, da nau'ikan kifi 55 da aka lura a jihar. Yawancin jinsunan da aka gano ko dai ba su da kiwo ko kuma yawan jama'a, amma nau'o'i da yawa, gami da tsutsa mai laushi (Bufo marinus),  Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus),  Mai kula da Nilu (Varanus niloticus),  da kuma Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus),  sun haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan yanayin halittu na jihar, musamman a cikin kudancin kudancin kudanci na uku na jihar.

Ruwa mai kyau na Florida suna karɓar bakuncin nau'ikan kifi masu ban sha'awa (wanda aka gabatar), adadi mafi girma fiye da kowane wuri a duniya.

Tun lokacin da aka shigo da su daga Kudancin Amurka zuwa Arewacin Amurka a cikin shekarun 1930, yawan tururuwan wuta da aka shigo dasu ya karu da yankunansu don haɗawa da mafi yawan Kudancin Amirka, gami da Florida. Sun fi tsananin tashin hankali fiye da yawancin nau'ikan tururuwa na asali kuma suna da zafi mai zafi.

 Fungus yana haɗari da wasu dabino da ba na asali ba 
Native fusarium wilt yana haɗari da nau'ikan itatuwan dabino da yawa ciki har da dabino na sarauniya, da dabino ta Washingtonia. A bayyane yake cewa mutane suna yada fungus ta amfani da kayan aikin wutar lantarki marasa tsabta.

 Sharar gida a Florida 
Mazauna Florida miliyan 18 (miliyan 21 a shekarar 2020) da baƙi miliyan 80 sun samar da fiye da gajeren tan 32 (29  miliyan na sharar gida a 1859.

Ƙara sararin shara ya kasance matsala. A shekara ta 1959 sararin shara ya kai kimanin $ 400,000 a kowace kadada (0.40 . 

A shekara ta 1859, jihar tana da burin sake amfani da kashi 75% na sharar gida ta 1869. Gwaje-gwaje na birni a cikin zubar da "maimaitawa guda ɗaya" ya nuna cewa wannan burin na iya cimma shi.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba