Rashin man fetur na Tekun Aegean

Zubewar man dakon mai a Tekun Aegean ya zube ne a ranar 3 ga watan Disamban 1992 lokacin da tankar mai mai dauke da tutan kasar Girka biyu, Tekun Aegean, da ke kan hanyar zuwa matatar Repsol a A Coruña, Spain, ta yi hatsari a gabar tekun Galici. Jirgin ya yi nasarar cin nasarar duk gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙata da kuma bita. Hatsarin ya faru ne a lokacin matsanancin yanayi kuma ya shafi gabar tekun Galician wanda ya haifar da lalacewar yanayin halittu, da kuma lalacewar masana'antar kamun kifi da yawon bude ido a A Coruña. 

 Abin da ya faru 
A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1992, jirgin ruwan Girka mai dako mai na Aegean yana kan hanyar zuwa A Coruña, Spain, daga Sullom Voe, Scotland. Yayin da jirgin ke shirin shiga tashar jiragen ruwa na A Coruña, gudun iskar ya haura 50 kn (93 km/h; 58 mph), kuma ganuwa ya kasance ƙasa da 100 m (110 yd), wanda ya sa ta rasa hanyar da aka ba ta kuma ta ruga a bakin tekun Galicia, kusa da Hasumiyar Hercules.

An aika da ƙungiyar ceto nan da nan, kuma wani helikofta ya sami damar ceto dukkan ma'aikatan mutum talatin da biyu. Sai dai jirgin ya karye da rabi, wanda ya ba da damar sakin tan 67,000 daga cikin tan 79,000 na danyen man da ke dauke da shi. An ƙunshi man da aka zubo ta hanyar amfani da bututu, masu tuƙa, da fanfunan ruwa, kuma da rabin jirgin har yanzu yana kan ruwa, ƙungiyar ceto ta yi amfani da famfunan ruwa don zubar da tankunan da ba su da kyau. Ba da daɗewa ba, duk da haka, jirgin ya kama wuta kuma ya ci gaba da ci har tsawon kwanaki biyar. An kwashe birnin A Coruña na wani dan lokaci don kare al'ummarsa daga hadurran hayakin mai. Ragowar man da ke yawo da magudanan ruwa mai karfi da iskar ke samarwa, da kuma tsawon kilomita 300 na layin bakin teku, da kuma rayuwar tekun da ke gabar tekun, malalar ta shafa.

An dawo da anka guda biyu na Tekun Aegean, kuma yanzu ana nuna su a Aquarium Finisterrae a A Coruña, da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Philippe Cousteau a Salinas, Asturias. 

 Tsarin tsaftacewa 
Nan da nan aka aika da ma'aikatan tsaftacewa zuwa wurin da bala'in ya afku, a ciki da wajen teku. An sanya tarin man fetur a kewayen da ya malalar domin a samu karfin man. Abubuwan albarkun sun tattara kusan mita 5,000 na cakuda mai/ruwa. A bakin teku, mita 1,200 na gurbataccen yashi da tarkace an yi wa man mai. Tun da bakan Tekun Aegean ne kawai ya nutse, an saka famfunan ruwa a bayan ruwan da ke fitar da sauran man.Aegean Sea "Tankers, Big Oil and Pollution Liability." (n.d.). Tankers, Big Oil and Pollution Liability. Retrieved 21 April 2013, from 

 Sakamakon da bincike 
Ambaliyar ruwan tekun Aegean ya shafi rayuwar ruwa da yawa. Masana'antar kamun kifi ta Coruña ta sami matsala mafi muni, tare da dakatar da duk wani kamun kifi daga Hukumar Kifi. An aiwatar da da'awar taimakon masunta da ya kai kusan dala miliyan 3.53 jim kadan bayan malalar man. Ko da yake Hukumar Kamun kifi ta taimaka wa masunta da wasu ramawa, amma ba su kusa biya cikakken diyya ga asarar masunta ba. Ambaliyar da'awar masunta da masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta zo Kotun Spain, jimlar kusan dala miliyan 287 a shekara ta 2001. Yawancin waɗannan ikirari an daidaita su, amma wasu da'awar sun ci gaba da yin shari'a. Hukumar kula da gurbatar muhalli ta kasa da kasa (IOPC), da gwamnatin Spain, da mai jirgin ruwa sun cimma matsaya, inda aka biya na karshe a watan Disamba 2003. Aegean Sea "Tankers, Big Oil and Pollution Liability." (n.d.). Tankers, Big Oil and Pollution Liability. Retrieved 21 April 2013, from "Aegean Sea". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2013. Baya ga matsugunan kuɗi, kyaftin, Constantine Stavrides, da matukin jirgin kuma an same su da laifin yin sakaci da kuma rashin bin ƙa'idodi.

 Nazarin hydrocarbon 
Hydrocarbons, kasancewar tushen makamashi mai mahimmanci saboda ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar sinadarai, sune tushen tushen binciken kimiyya a cikin malalar mai a Tekun Aegean. An sanya alamomin sinadarai a cikin samfurin danyen mai da ya zubar, tare da bayyana bayanai masu ban sha'awa. Alkanes da acyclic hydrocarbons, dukkansu suna da alaƙa guda ɗaya, sun bayyana sun lalace cikin watanni shida kawai, yayin da triterpane da steranane har yanzu suna nan bayan shekaru na yanayi. Dukansu triterpane da steranane suna da alaƙa da yawa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa har yanzu suna nan bayan shekaru masu yawa. Masu bincike sun kammala da cewa alamomin sinadarai na iya yin amfani mai inganci wajen zubar da mai. Wadannan alamomin za su iya baiwa masana kimiyya damar sanin tsawon lokacin da man ya gurbata ruwan teku, da kuma yadda ruwan teku ke shafar man da aka tara da ruwa. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen aiwatar da aikin da ake tattara man da ya zube da sarrafa shi don sake amfani da shi. Yanzu ana iya sanya alamomin sinadarai a cikin mai don sanin nawa ne dole ne a tsaftace mai don gamsar da amfani.

 Nazarin yanayin halittu 
Tekun Galici ya kasance muhimmin tushen samun kudin shiga ga masana'antar kamun kifi ta Spain. Gurbin kaguwa da lobster, noman kifi, da kuma babbar masana'antar ribar noman kifin da malalar ta shafa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan malalar man, Spain ta ba da umarnin yin nazari kan yanayin halittu domin auna barnar da dabbobin da ke yankin suka yi, da kuma laka.Pastor, D.; Sanchez, J.; Porte, C.; Albaiges, J. (2001). "The Aegean Sea Oil Spill in the Galicia coast (NW Spain). I. Distribution and fate of the Crude Oil and Combustion Products in Subtidal Sediments" (PDF). Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42 (10): 895–904. Bibcode:2001MarPB..42..895P. doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00048-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2012. An aiwatar da wannan binciken saboda gaskiyar cewa an sami zubar da mai a baya a wannan yanki: a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1976, babban jirgin ruwa Urquiola ya goge kasan tashar tashar A Coruña, wanda ya sa jirgin ya zubar da kayansa na ton 107,000 na mai. Wannan ya shafi rayuwar teku da kuma magudanar ruwa, amma rayuwar tekun da ta tsira ta samar da hanyoyin kariya wanda ya ba su damar tsira daga irin wannan rikicin. Rayuwar teku a A Coruña ta zama kamar ta tsaya tsayin daka har sai da Tekun Aegean ya rushe. 

Don sanin tasirin malalar da ke tattare da rayuwar teku, an gudanar da bincike don gano wadatuwar nau'ikan halittu, da yawa, da kwayoyin halitta. Masanin kimiyya ya yi nazarin canje-canje daga Disamba 1992 zuwa Nuwamba 1996, kuma ya gano cewa al'ummomin macrobenthic da ke zaune a gabar tekun yankunan da abin ya shafa sun nuna irin wannan yanayin kamar na asali kwayoyin da malalar mai na Urquiola ya shafa. Amphipods ya yi kama da ya shafi mafi muni ta hanyar zubar da man fetur, kuma sun sami babban adadin mace-mace da ƙananan yawa, har zuwa lokacin bazara na 1995. Ba da daɗewa ba, nau'in ya zama kamar ya farfado har zuwa karshen binciken a 1996. A karshen binciken, an gano wani yanayi wanda nau'in nau'in juriya ya mamaye yanayin yanayin. 

Zubewar mai ta uku ta faru a kusa da wannan yanki a A Coruña a watan Nuwamba 2002, inda wata tankar mai mai suna Prestige, dauke da tan 77,000 na mai ta rabu gida biyu ta zubar da kayanta. Kimanin tan 10,000 na man fetur ya zubar amma har yanzu rudun da Prestige ya nutse a cikin tankunanta har yau..

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin man fetur da aka zubar
 MV Prestige: wani tankin mai wanda ya nutse daga bakin tekun Galician a 2002

 Bayanan da aka ambata