Solomon Munk

Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Munk a Gross Glogau a Masarautar Prussia . Ya sami koyarwarsa ta farko a cikin Ibrananci daga mahaifinsa, wani jami'in al'ummar Yahudawa; kuma bayan rasuwarsa ya shiga ajin Talmud na R. Jacob Joseph Oettinger . Yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin " ba'al ḳoreh " (mai karanta Attaura) a cikin majami'ar Malbish 'Arummim a Gross Glogau .

A cikin 1820 ya tafi Berlin, inda ya shiga dangantakar abokantaka da Leopold Zunz da kuma masanin ilimin falsafa AW Zumpt, yana nazarin Latin da Girkanci tare da E. Gans . Bayan shekaru biyu ya shiga gidan motsa jiki na Joachimthaler, yana tallafawa kansa a lokaci guda ta hanyar koyarwa. A 1824 ya shiga Jami'ar Berlin, yana halartar laccoci na Böckh, Hegel, musamman na Bopp .

Ganin cewa babu wani Bayahude da ya cancanci samun mukamai na gwamnati a Prussia a wancan lokacin, Munk ya bar jami'ar ba tare da ya yi digiri ba, inda ya yanke shawarar zuwa Faransa. Duk da haka, ya fara yin zango ɗaya a Jami'ar Bonn, inda ya yi karatun Larabci da Freytag da Sanskrit tare da Lassen . Da ya ratsa Weimar, ya ziyarci Goethe, wanda ya lura da wannan gaskiyar a cikin mujallarsa.

A shekara ta 1828 ya tafi Paris tare da taimakon matashin mawaki Michael Beer, ɗan'uwan Meyerbeer . A nan ma, kamar yadda yake a Berlin, da farko ya tallafa wa kansa ta hanyar koyarwa, daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai ƙannensa matasa Alphonse da Gustave de Rothschild . A shekara ta 1838 aka naɗa shi mai tsara rubutun Ibrananci, Chaldaic, Syriac, da Larabci a cikin Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris.

Munk yanzu ya sadaukar da kansa ga nazarin adabin Judæo-Larabci na Tsakiyar Zamani da kuma ayyukan Maimonides, musamman Moreh Nebukim na ƙarshen. Ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa asalin Larabci, yana ƙara rubutun da ya samu a Bibliothèque daga rubuce-rubucen da ya kwafi a Oxford. A lokaci guda ya yi cikakken bincike kan Aristotle, wanda Maimonides ke yawan ambato. Ta wannan hanyar ya tattara kayan da ake buƙata don bugun rubutun Larabci na Moreh, tare da fassara da bayanai, waɗanda ya buga a cikin manyan littattafai uku, tsawon lokaci bayan ya makance (1856, 1861, 1866). Ya rasa ganinsa a 1850 yayin da yake tattara rubuce-rubucen Sanskrit da Ibrananci a hannun ɗakin karatu.

 Tafiya zuwa Masar 
Munk ya raka Montefiore da Crémieux zuwa Masar dangane da lamarin Damascus ; kuma saboda ilimin Larabci (kodayake wasu suna da'awar cewa yabo ne daga Louis Loewe ) an maye gurbin kalmar "adalci" da "rahama" a cikin takardar Mohammed Ali wadda ta cire wanda ake tuhuma daga tuhumar kisan kai na al'ada . Hakanan galibi saboda ƙoƙarinsa ne Yahudawan Masar suka kafa makarantu da aka tsara bisa ga hanyoyin koyarwa na Turai.

A Alkahira ya sayi ɗimbin rubuce-rubucen Larabci da Ibrananci a madadin Bibliothèque Nationale. Bayan dawowar sa an zabi Munk a matsayin sakatare na Consistoire Central des Israélites de France; a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1858, an zabe shi memba na Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Letters ; kuma bayan ƴan shekaru an nada shi farfesa na Ibrananci a Collège de France, a madadin Renan . Ya mutu a Paris.

 Ayyuka 
Ayyukan Munk sun haɗa da waɗannan:

 Le Guide des égarés (bugu na Moreh )
 Juzu'i na 1 (1856)
 Juzu'i na 2 (1861)
 Juzu'i na 3 (1866)
 "Reflexions sur le Culte des Anciens Hébreux," a cikin juzu'i. iv. na Littafi Mai Tsarki na S. Cahen
 "Sanarwa sur R. Saadia Gaon et sur une Version Persane d'Isaie" (ib. vol. ix)
 "Palestine, Description Géographique, Historique et Archeologique," a cikin "L'Univers Pittoresque," 1845 (wanda MA Levy ya fassara zuwa Jamusanci, 1871-72) masana'antu: Asie")
 "Mélanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe," 1859
 "Sanarwa sur Abul Walid Merwan ibn Djanah et d'Autres Grammairiens Hébreux du X. et du XI. Siècle," 1850-51 (Cibiyar da ta yi rawani tare da "Prix Volney")
 "Rapport sur les Progrès des Etudes Sémitiques en France de 1840-1866," a cikin "Recueil de Rapports" na nunin 1867.

Tsakanin 1834 zuwa 1838 ya ba da gudummawa ga labaran Temps akan wallafe-wallafen Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Ibrananci, da Sanskrit. Dole ne kuma a ambaci fassarorinsa na rubuce-rubucen Finikiya a Marseilles da kuma kan sarcophagus na Eshmun'azar, Sarkin Sidon, waɗanda ya faɗo bayan ya rasa ganinsa; na gano rubutun Larabci na bayanin Al-Biruni na Indiya, wanda aka rubuta a farkon karni na sha ɗaya; da kuma wasiƙarsa zuwa F. Arago, na Kwalejin Kimiyya, game da tambaya game da tarihin ilimin taurari, wanda ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Biot da Sédillot .