Rikicin abokin tarayya da yawan sojojin Amurka

An bayyana tashin hankali na abokin tarayya (IPV) a matsayin tashin hankali na jiki da na jima'i ko barazanar tashin hankali, tsoratarwa, ko tilasta da ke faruwa tsakanin abokan hulɗa na baya ko na yanzu. Masu aikata ta'addanci na iya amfani da dabarun tilastawa don kiyaye abokin tarayya a gida. Wadannan dabarun na iya haɗawa da barazanar cutar da dabba ta iyali ko barazanar kula da yara idan abokin tarayya ya yi ƙoƙari ya tafi. IPV babbar damuwa ce ta lafiyar jama'a a Amurka kuma tana da damar shafar shirye-shiryen likita na mutum. A cikin al'ummar soja, dangantaka ta kusa na iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da damuwa ta aiki wanda ke takamaiman ayyukan soja. Wadannan buƙatu na iya haɗawa da sauyawa akai-akai zuwa wuraren da ba a so ko ƙasashen waje, rabuwa daga dangi mai Tsoro na tsawon lokacin da ba a sani ba, sauye-sauye akai-akai a cikin jadawalin aiki, sa'o'i masu tsawo, rashin tabbas na aikin, yanayin horo da ake nufi don kwaikwayon yanayin aiki daban-daban, da haɗarin da ke cikin filin. Kodayake akwai shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don tallafawa sashin iyali (watau, Family Readiness Group (FRG), Family Advocacy Program (FAP)), damuwa game da turawa da yawa, fallasa yaƙi, da fallasa abubuwan da suka faru (watau yaƙi, IED, zagaye na bam, shaida mutuwa ko zalunci) suna haifar da ƙarin damuwa a kan sashin iyali yayin da membobin sabis suka sake shiga cikin gida bayan dawowa gida daga turawa. Aikace-aikacen yana kawo ƙarin damuwa a kan sashin iyali yayin da gidajen iyaye biyu suka sauya zuwa gidajen iyaye guda yayin ƙoƙarin kula da jadawalin su na yau da kullun.

 Shari'ar nuna bambanci ta 2018 
A cikin 2018, wani abin kunya na nuna bambanci da ya shafi ma'aikata a Shirin Gudanar da Iyali a Pearl Harbor, Hawaii ya jagoranci jami'an soja don sake tantance yadda ma'aikatan shari'a ke bi da maza da ke fama da cutar. Bincike ya gano cewa ma'aikatan shari'ar FAP ba su bi manufofin DoD ba, sun ki ba da sabis ga maza da aka azabtar, da gangan sun hana shaidar wata mace da ke aikata cin zarafin yara da tashin hankali na gida, kuma ba su yi rikodin lokacin da maza da aka shafa suka nemi taimako ba.

An rubuta shari'ar a cikin Honolulu Civil Beat: https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/01/a-bitter-domestic-dispute-could-shake-up-how-the-navy-handles-abuse-cases-in-hawaii/https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/01/a-bitter-rashin jituwa-da-ta'a-ta'addanci-ta'adda-ta'yanci-ta-ta'ya-ta'yar

Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2021, har yanzu ba a kammala shari'ar ba kuma tana jiran ƙarin bita. Wannan ya haifar da rubuce-rubucen "Dokar Rashin Nuna Bambanci ta Soja". Kudin an yi shi ne don ba da damar ma'aikatan sabis su gabatar da da'awar da ake yi wa sojoji don shari'o'in nuna bambanci. A halin yanzu 'yan majalisa suna la'akari da shi kuma ba shi da mai tallafawa.

 Ka'idodin IPV 
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa da ke ƙoƙarin bayyana amfani da karfi a cikin dangantaka ta kusa. Tasirin zubar da al'adu  ya nuna cewa yawan al'ada tana tallafawa amfani da tashin hankali don cimma burinsu, mutane da yawa a cikin wannan al'ada za su halatta tashin hankali kuma su hada da waɗancan imani a fadin yankuna da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da waɗanda amfani da tashin hankalin ko tashin hankali bai dace da zamantakewa ba.  Ka'idar damuwa ta aiki ta nuna cewa ayyukan maza da ke da rinjaye, ayyukan maza na iya jaddada iko ba tare da saninsa ba duk da cewa amfani da karfi na jiki,  wanda ke faruwa a duk faɗin yankuna inda amfani da karfi ba a yarda da shi ba.Klostermann, Keith; Mignone, Theresa; Kelley, Michelle L.; Musson, Sabrina; Bohall, Gregory (2012). "Intimate partner violence in the military: Treatment considerations". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 17 (1): 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.004. ISSN 1359-1789.

 Nau'o'i da tsananin 
Ma'aikatar Tsaro (DoD) Rundunar Tsaro kan Rikicin Cikin Gida ta rarraba tsananin tashin hankali zuwa kashi uku: Mai tsanani, Matsakaici, da Mai sauƙi. Halin da aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin kowane matakin tsananin suna da kama da juna tsakanin rassan sabis. An bayyana mummunar cin zarafin jiki a matsayin choking ko strangulation, duk wani rauni yayin da aka ci gaba da ciki yayin da yake da ciki, barazanar cutar da wuka ko bindiga, cin zarafin motsin rai da tsoratarwa (watau, "mahaifiyar matar da aka yi wa duka" ), cin zarafin jima'i, da manyan raunin jiki waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci kamar kulawar asibiti. Rashin cin zarafi ya haɗa da abubuwa da aka jefa wa matar, cin zarafin jiki (watau turawa, cinyewa, kiɗa, bugawa, ko bugawa) da raunin da ke buƙatar maganin likita na ɗan gajeren lokaci (watau, ziyarar asibiti ɗaya). Rashin cin zarafi ya haɗa da barazanar magana da raunin jiki wanda ba ya buƙatar magani.

 Yaduwar 
Yawan yaduwar IPV a duk faɗin yawan sojoji ya kasance daga 13.5-58% tare da ƙananan ƙididdigar da aka lura a cikin samfurori na soja waɗanda ba a zaba ba bisa ga ilimin halayyar mutum.MARSHALL, A; PANUZIO, J; TAFT, C (2005). "Intimate partner violence among military veterans and active duty servicemen". Clinical Psychology Review. 25 (7): 862–876. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.05.009. ISSN 0272-7358. PMID 16006025. A shekara ta 2001, an bayar da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru sama da 18,000 na cin zarafi ga Shirye-shiryen Ba da Shawara na Iyali na DoD.Klostermann, Keith; Mignone, Theresa; Kelley, Michelle L.; Musson, Sabrina; Bohall, Gregory (2012). "Intimate partner violence in the military: Treatment considerations". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 17 (1): 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.004. ISSN 1359-1789. Daga cikin wadanda suka faru da aka ruwaito, kashi 84% sun shafi cin zarafin jiki, kashi 66% na wadanda abin ya shafa ma'aurata ne na al'ummar soja kuma kasa da shekaru 25. Daga 1995-2001, an kashe kisan kai na gida 217 a cikin al'ummomin soja. Za a iya bayar da rahoton cin zarafin jiki fiye da Cin zarafin tunani (watau, cin zarafin motsin rai da na baki.) Rodrigues, Amy E.; Funderburk, Jennifer S.; Keating, Niki L.; Maisto, Stephen A. (2014-03-18). "A Methodological Review of Intimate Partner Violence in the Military". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 16 (3): 231–240. doi:10.1177/1524838014526066. ISSN 1524-8380. PMID 24648490. S2CID 30110266. Yara da aka fallasa ga IPV na iya nuna ƙarin matsalolin halayyar, ƙarancin aiki a makaranta, da halayyar tashin hankali a duk faɗin saituna da yawa fiye da waɗanda ba a fallasa su da tashin hankali a gida ba. Ayyukan IPV tsakanin tsofaffin mutane da ke fama da rikicewar damuwa (PTSD) ya kai sau uku fiye da waɗanda ba su da PTSD.

 Binciken tashin hankali 
Za'a iya kara nuna tashin hankali ta hanyar jagorancin kai. An bayyana tashin hankali na biyu a matsayin tashin hankali da mutane biyu suka aikata a cikin dangantakar, wanda ya haɗa da tashin hankali da aka aikata cikin fushi ko ramuwar gayya. Jones, Alysha (2012). "Intimate Partner Violence in Military Couples: A Review of the Literature". doi:10.1037/e621642012-032. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical  An bayyana tashin hankali na gefe ɗaya a matsayin tashin hankali da mutum ɗaya ya yi a cikin dangantakar kuma an haɗa shi da tashin hankali, parasomnia, da tashin hankali na hypnopompic (watau, tashin hankali saboda hyperarousal yayin bacci) a cikin wallafe-wallafen.Rodrigues, Amy E.; Funderburk, Jennifer S.; Keating, Niki L.; Maisto, Stephen A. (2014-03-18). "A Methodological Review of Intimate Partner Violence in the Military". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 16 (3): 231–240. doi:10.1177/1524838014526066. ISSN 1524-8380. PMID 24648490. S2CID 30110266.

 Abubuwan haɗari 
Bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan halayyar mutum suna cikin haɗarin aikata ko cin zarafin IPV idan aka kwatanta da tsoffin sojoji ba tare da ganewar asali ba.Bradley, Christopher (2007-04-18). "Veteran Status and Marital Aggression: Does Military Service Make a Difference?". Journal of Family Violence. 22 (4): 197–209. doi:10.1007/s10896-007-9072-4. ISSN 0885-7482. S2CID 13214683.Klostermann, Keith; Mignone, Theresa; Kelley, Michelle L.; Musson, Sabrina; Bohall, Gregory (2012). "Intimate partner violence in the military: Treatment considerations". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 17 (1): 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.004. ISSN 1359-1789. Mutanen da ke fuskantar alamun da ke da alaƙa da PTSD suna cikin haɗarin yin IPV da kuma shan wahala fiye da fararen hula da tsoffin sojoji ba tare da alamun PTSD ba.Rodrigues, Amy E.; Funderburk, Jennifer S.; Keating, Niki L.; Maisto, Stephen A. (2014-03-18). "A Methodological Review of Intimate Partner Violence in the Military". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 16 (3): 231–240. doi:10.1177/1524838014526066. ISSN 1524-8380. PMID 24648490. S2CID 30110266. Tunanin da ba daidai ba, flashbacks, jin dadin damuwa, rashin haɗin kai da iyali ko al'umma, da hyperarousal sune alamun da aka nuna don rinjayar dangantakar da ke tsakanin bayyanar yaki da aikata IPV. Wannan dangantakar ta bambanta da nau'in da matakin bayyanar yaƙi (watau, shaida ta'addanci).  Jones, Alysha (2012). "Intimate Partner Violence in Military Couples: A Review of the Literature". doi:10.1037/e621642012-032. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical Tarihin raunin kwakwalwa (TBI) an haɗa shi da ƙimar IPV mafi girma. Ƙarin haɗarin haɗari sun haɗa da barasa mai nauyi da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda aka nuna don ƙara haɗarin tashin hankali tsakanin ma'aurata waɗanda ke samun babban matsayi a cikin salon sadarwa na rikice-rikice. An gano cewa rauni na yara yana da alaƙa da karuwar haɗarin tashin hankali tare da Air Force da Navy FAPs suna ba da rahoton 11-25% na membobin sabis da ke fuskantar cin zarafin jiki ko motsin rai daga iyaye da kuma 49% na samfurori masu aiki masu aiki da ke ba da rahoton cin zarafin yara. Bincike ya nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin tsawon turawa da tsananin IPV da aka bayar da rahoton kai bayan turawa. Kasancewa ƙarami a matsayi da yin aure tun yana ƙarami (watau, ƙasa da shekaru 25) an kuma gano su.

 Yarjejeniyar IPV da shirye-shirye 
Dokokin DoD 6400.1, wanda ke buƙatar kowane reshe na sabis don kafa FAP, kuma yana buƙatar kowane shigarwar soja don samun akalla mai ba da shawara ɗaya. Matsayin mai ba da shawara ga wanda aka azabtar shine don taimakawa mutane su sami umarnin kariya na soja, su haɗa kai da kwamandojin raka'a, su taimaka wajen shirya shirye-shiryen tsaro, su haɗa wadanda abin ya shafa da albarkatun farar hula, da kuma samar da sabis na sa'o'i 24 ga wadanda abin ya rutsa da shi.Department of Defense, DoD (2003). "Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence: Third year report" (PDF). PsycEXTRA Dataset. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-14. Retrieved 2019-01-20. Masu ba da shawara na FAP, chaplains, da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya dole ne su kula da sirrin wadanda abin ya shafa lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya bayar da rahoton shari'ar IPV, sai dai a takamaiman lokuta lokacin da dole ne a karya sirrin don tabbatar da amincin yara, tsofaffi, da manya masu rauni. Rahotanni da aka yi wa wasu ma'aikata (watau, shugabanci kai tsaye ko membobin FRG) ba sirri ba ne kuma ana iya bayar da rahoto ga masu tilasta bin doka na soja ko kwamandoji.

 Shirye-shiryen da ake da su 
Akwai shirye-shirye da yawa da aka tsara don tallafawa iyalai na soja. An haɓaka FAP don tallafawa takamaiman bukatun iyalai na soja kuma a halin yanzu yana ba da shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda aka tsara don rage IPV. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun hada da sabon tallafin iyaye, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin ma'aurata, bita, da kuma tarurruka.[1] Ƙarfi a Shirin Home-Men (SAH-M), makonni 12 na haɗin gwiwar da aka tsara don rage IPV, an nuna shi don taimakawa mutane su iyakance IPV na tunani da tunani, da kuma inganta aikin motsin rai, wanda aka haɗa shi da tashin hankali. [undefined][2]￼

 Manazarta 

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