Natan'el al-Fayyumi

Natanʾel al-Fayyumi ( Arabic ), [1] [2] b. c. 1090 -d. c. 1165 ) shine marubucin Lambun masu hankali na Yaman a ƙarni na goma sha biyu ( גן השכלים ). Koyi ne na littafin Duties of Zuciya na Bahya ibn Paquda wanda al-Fayyumi ya tsara a cikin larabci na Yahudiya-Yaman na tsakiyar zamanai don yakar wasu daga cikin ka'idoji da rukunan Yahudanci na Rabbini wanda Ibn Paquda ya bayyana. Ya rubuta a babi na uku cewa haxuwar Allah ta fi abin da ibn Paquda ya siffanta. [3]

Marc B. Shapiro ya rubuta cewa aikin al-Fayyumi yana goyon bayan ra'ayoyin Jonathan Sacks game da addini.  Kamar Isma'ili Islam, addinin daular Banu Hamdan da ke mulkin yawancin Kudancin Arabiya na zamani, Natanʾel ya yi jayayya cewa Allah ya aiko da annabawa daban-daban ga al'ummomin duniya daban-daban, kowannensu yana ɗauke da dokoki da suka dace da takamaiman halin kowace al'umma.  Kowanne mutum ya kamata ya kasance mai biyayya ga addininsa; an daidaita koyarwar duniya baki ɗaya zuwa takamaiman yanayi da gogewar kowace al'umma.

Duk da haka, yarda da matsayin Muhammadu a matsayin annabi a fili da al-Fayyumi ya yi na musamman na iya zama na musamman, kuma ba a san shi ba har zuwa kwanan nan fiye da ƙasarsa ta Yemen. "A history of Jewish philosophy in the Middle Ages" By Colette Sirat Yosef Qafih, edita kuma mai fassara littafin Fayyumi Judeo-Larabci Bustān al-ʿUqul, ya yi iƙirarin cewa saboda ƙoƙarin da Musulmai ke yi na kama Yahudawa suna faɗin wani abu da ya saɓa wa imaninsu - wanda ya ce Muhammadu annabin ƙarya ne za a yi masa hukunci da kisa - Nathanʾel ya tilasta wa mutanensa muhawara da amsoshi da za su cece su daga tarko.  

Koyarwar Musulunci tana magana ne game da jerin wahayi na annabci na juyin halitta, wanda ya ƙare a zamanin Almasihu Qa'im Al Muhammad, wanda zai haɗa dukkan bil'adama wajen amincewa da Allah. Koyarwar Ismaili ta yarda cewa gaskiya ɗaya ta addini ta duniya tana cikin tushen addinai daban-daban. Kowane wahayi na tarihi yana taka rawa wajen shirya hanyar zuwa ga wannan gaskiyar ta duniya.

A cikin tsara guda ɗaya, ɗan Natan'el Yakubu ya tilasta wa Maimonides ya nemi shawara cikin gaggawa kan yadda za a magance sabon rikicin addini da kuma tilasta musu tuba wanda ke barazana ga Yahudawan Yemen, musayar ra'ayi wanda ya sa Maimonides ya rubuta wasiƙarsa mai suna zuwa Yemen . Wasiƙun da tattaunawar ilimi tsakanin Jacob, Maimonides, da Saladin sun yi tasiri mai ɗorewa ga Yahudancin Yemen.

 Asalin Ma'anar 
Akwai takaddama tsakanin Yosef Qafih da masanin tarihi Yehuda Ratzaby game da asalin nisba al-Fayyūmī . A cewar Ratzaby, kalmar sihiri ce da aka samo daga sunan asalin kakanninsa, Faiyum a Masar.  Qafih, wanda ya ƙi amincewa, yana tunanin sunan kawai sunan da aka ba wa mahaifin Natan'el, wanda aka sanya masa suna "Fayyumi," sunan da aka sanya wa yara da yawa a Yemen a lokacin saboda ƙaunar da mutane ke yi wa Saadia Gaon al-Fayyumi . 

 Duba kuma 

 Ra'ayoyin Yahudawa game da Muhammadu
 Alaƙar Musulunci da Yahudawa
 Addini da yawa

 Manazarta