Bruce Cole

Bruce Milan Cole (Agusta 2, 1938 – Janairu 8, 2018) Ya kasance farfesa na tarihin fasaha na dogon lokaci a Jami'ar Indiana, Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa a Cibiyar Da'a da Harkokin Jama'a a Washington, DC, memba na Hukumar Tunawa da Eisenhower, kuma Shugaba na takwas na Kyautar Kasa don Jama'a .

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Bruce Cole a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta a shekara ta 1938, a Cleveland, Ohio ga ɗan kasuwa. Ya halarci Western Reserve University (yanzu Case Western Reserve University ) daga inda ya kammala a shekarar 1962. Cole ya sami digiri na biyu da kuma digiri na Oberlin College da Bryn Mawr College a art tarihi, a shekarar 1964 da kuma 1969 bi da bi. A cikin shekarar 1966, yayin da yake halartar Jami'ar Florence, Cole ya shiga cikin ƙaura a lokacin ambaliyar kogin Arno .  Ya sami digiri na girmamawa tara. 

 Sana'a 

 Aikin ilimi 
Kafin zuwa NEH a watan Disamba a shekarar 2001, Cole ya koyar a Jami'ar Rochester da Jami'ar Indiana a Bloomington, inda ya kasance Farfesa Farfesa na Tarihin Tarihi da Farfesa na Adabin Kwatancen. A cikin 2008, ya sami lambar yabo ta shugaban jami'a don "kyauta a hidima, nasara da koyarwa."  A cikin shekarar 2006, Gwamnan Indiana Mitch Daniels ya ba Cole da Sagamore na Wabash, wanda ya gane mutanen da suka kawo bambanci ga jihar Indiana. 

Shekaru biyu, Cole ya kasance abokin aikin William E. Suida a Kunsthistorisches Institut a Florenz . Cole ya sami haɗin gwiwa da tallafi daga Gidauniyar Guggenheim, Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Koyo ta Amurka, Gidauniyar Kress, Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka, da Cibiyar UCLA don Nazarin Tsakiyar Dadi da Renaissance .  Ya kasance memba mai dacewa na Accademia Senese degli Intronati, tsohuwar al'umma da aka koya a Turai, kuma wanda ya kafa kuma tsohon shugaban kungiyar Tarihi na Art. Ya rubuta littattafai 15 da labarai masu yawa. 

 Shugaban NEH 
Haɗin Cole tare da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jama'a na Ƙasa ya fara ne lokacin, kamar dubban wasu, ya sami haɗin gwiwar NEH. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bitar takwarorinsa don aikace-aikacen NEH, sannan kuma ya zama memba na Majalisar Kasa kan Harkokin Dan Adam. 

Daga shekara ta 2001 zuwa 2009, Cole ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba na takwas na National Endowment for Humanities (NEH).   zabi sau biyu ta Shugaba George W. Bush kuma Majalisar Dattijai ta tabbatar da shi a 2001 da kuma na biyu a cikin 2005. kasa baki daya.  Cole kuma ya karfafa fadada goyon baya ga ayyukan dijital ta NEH, gami da tallafin da aka ƙayyade don " 'yan Adam na dijital ."  Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa, NEH ta haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙasashen waje da dama, ciki har da Mexico da China.

 Bayan NEH 
Bayan barin NEH, Cole ya zama shugaban kasa kuma Shugaba na Gidan Tarihi na Juyin Juyin Halitta na Amurka a Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, har zuwa 2011. 

A cikin watan Agustan a shekarar 2013, Shugaba Obama ya nada Cole ga Hukumar Tunawa da Eisenhower, wanda ke da alhakin kula da ƙirƙirar Memorial Dwight D. Eisenhower na kasa.  Cole a baya ya soki zanen da Frank Gehry ya zaba a cikin labarai da shaidar majalisa. Cole ya yi aiki a kan kwamitin masu ba da shawara ga Ƙungiya Ƙwararrun Gehry.  

 Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa 
Cole da matarsa Doreen (née Luff) sun zauna a Virginia kuma suna da ɗa, Ryan  da diya, Stephanie Whittaker. Cole ya mutu a Cancún, Mexico a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu, 2018.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba