Muhalli na Melbourne

Ilimin muhalli na Melbourne, Victoria, tsari ne mai rikitarwa da ƙarfi wanda ke da tasiri daga wurin ƙasa na birnin, yanayi, da ayyukan ɗan adam. Yanayin halitta na Melbourne ta haɗa da tsarin halittu daban-daban daga tsaunuka masu zafi zuwa gandun daji masu ciyawa, gandun daji na riparian, da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Wadannan yanayin halittu suna tallafawa wadataccen tsire-tsire da Dabbobi, da yawa daga cikinsu na musamman ne ga yankin. Koyaya, birane, raguwar mazaunin, da gabatar da nau'o'in mamayewa sun canza ma'aunin muhalli na birnin sosai, wanda ya haifar da shirye-shiryen kiyayewa da sabuntawa daban-daban.

 Yanayi da yanayin ƙasa 

 Yanayi 
Melbourne tana fuskantar yanayin yanayi mai sanyi na teku (Köppen classification Cfb), wanda ke da lokacin zafi, kaka mai sauƙi, hunturu mai sanyi, da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Yanayin birni yana da mashahuriyar canji, galibi saboda wurin da yake tsakanin yankuna masu zafi da kuma Kudancin Tekun, wanda ke kawo sauye-sauye akai-akai a cikin iska. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana kusa da 600 zuwa 650 mm, tare da mafi yawan hazo da ke faruwa a cikin watanni masu sanyi. Wannan yanayin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara yanayin halittu na Melbourne, yana tasiri ga tsarin ciyayi, wadatar ruwa, da halayyar namun daji na yanayi. 

 Tsarin ruwan sama 
Ruwan sama a Melbourne ba a rarraba shi daidai ba a duk shekara, tare da ruwan sama mafi girma wanda ke faruwa a cikin hunturu da bazara. Koyaya, birni yana fuskantar yanayin fari, musamman a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño, wanda zai iya haifar da dogon lokaci. Wadannan bambance-bambance a cikin ruwan sama suna tasiri ga wadatar ruwa, suna tasiri ga yanayin halittu da ayyukan ɗan adam. Lokacin hunturu da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna tallafawa lafiyar wuraren da ke da ruwa da tsire-tsire, suna samar da yanayi mai kyau ga nau'in da ke dogara da ruwa kamar amphibians da tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Sabanin haka, yanayin fari yana sanya damuwa a kan tsire-tsire da dabbobi na gida, tare da rage danshi na ƙasa yana tasiri ga ci gaban ciyayi da haɓaka gasa don albarkatun ruwa tsakanin namun daji. A cikin lokutan bushewa mai tsawo, karancin ruwa yana shafar yawan aikin gona da samar da ruwa a birane, yana jaddada muhimmancin gudanar da ruwa mai ɗorewa.

 Manazarta