Hanyar Haast-Hollyford

Hanyar Haast-Hollyford ko Haast-Hollyford Babbar titin shawara ce mai tsayi don haɗa Haast ta kwarin Hollyford zuwa Milford Sound da Te Anau a Kudancin Tsibirin New Zealand. Tun a shekarun 1880 aka fara gabatar da shawarwarin wannan hanyar.

An ba da shawarar shawarwari don hanya tun daga shekarun 1870.  Da farko an ga hanyar a matsayin hanyar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Jackson Bay daga filayen zinare na Otago, amma ba a taɓa iya haye Main Divide zuwa Lake Wakatipu ba. Duk da haka, an gina hanya a arewa daga Lake Te Anau zuwa Milford Sound, wanda shine babbar hanyar yawon bude ido, kuma mafi yawan shawarwari na baya-bayan nan sun mayar da hankali kan fadada wannan hanyar arewa. Kungiyar Kudancin tsibirin ta ba da umarni a kai a kai daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1980 don tallafawa hanya amma Ma'aikatar Ayyuka, sashen gwamnati da ke da alhakin gina hanya a wannan lokacin, akai-akai ya bayyana cewa irin wannan hanyar ba ta da fifiko ga kudade.

 Fa'idodi da rashin daidaituwa na hanyar Haast-Hollyford 
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan gina hanyar shine don sauƙaƙe tarkon yawon bude ido a Milford Sound. A halin yanzu, yawancin masu yawon bude ido sun fito ne daga Queenstown kuma wannan yana haifar da babban aiki a tsakiyar rana. Yankin karshe na hanyar yanzu daga kwarin Hollyford zuwa Milford Sound shima yana ƙarƙashin rufewa da yawa a lokacin hunturu, yana rage yawan masu yawon bude ido a kusa da Te Anau.

Gina hanyar Haast-Hollyford shima zai baiwa masu yawon bude ido damar ganin mafi yawan Tsibirin Kudu a cikin lokaci guda. Hanyar Haast-Hollyford za ta rage tsawon lokacin da masu yawon bude ido za su yi tafiya idan suna tafiya tsakanin Fiordland da gabar Yamma. Tuki mai nisa da aka gina don rage lalacewar muhalli da haɓaka jin daɗin yawon shakatawa zai sanya Haast nisan kilomita 175 (109 mi) daga Milford Sound; Nisa a halin yanzu shine kilomita 539 (335 mi). Shawara ɗaya tana da tsawon kilomita 198

Akwai gagarumin adawa ga waɗannan shawarwari, duk da haka, saboda kowace hanya dole ne ta bi ta ƙasar da ba ta lalace ba na kyawawan dabi'u; yankin yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Fiordland, wani yanki na Te Wahipounamu Heritage Area. Masu rajin kare muhalli suna adawa da gina hanyar.

An estimated cost for the construction of the road is NZ$300 million, and it is widely acknowledge that the proposed road would likely be a toll road.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span>] The high cost of constructing the road is given as a reason for putting it on an indefinite hold. Furthermore, the $300 million is disputed by opposers to the road. For example, Federated Mountain Clubs has obtained cost assessments from two independent roading engineers, both of whom estimate the construction cost to be at least $1 billion.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Hanyoyin da aka tsara na hanyar da aka tsara za su bi ta yankin da ke da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri ga ɗan adam. Yankin yana cike da kudan zuma da dajin podocarp wanda ba a taba shiga ba. Akwai koguna da tafkuna da dama a kan hanyar da aka tsara.

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka tsara za ta bi ta Fiordland National Park da Dutsen Aspiring National Park da kuma Awarua Point Conservation Area, kuma za ta bi Hollyford Track (waƙar da ke cikin Hollyford Valley). 

 Tarihin shawarwarin hanya 

 Karni na goma sha tara 
Shugabannin lardin Otago sun gano bukatar hanya tsakanin wuraren zinare na Otago da Kudancin Westland a 1865, kuma sun aika da mai binciken Vincent Pyke don bincikawa. Pyke ya dawo da ra'ayin hanyar jirgin kasa ta Clyde-Haast wanda ba a taɓa cika shi ba amma ya ba da wasu tushe don hanyar zuwa Wānaka, wanda ya buɗe shekaru 100 bayan haka. An yi la'akari da hanyar Haast-Hollyford a matsayin mabuɗin ci gaban Westland.

Tarihin hanyar ya samar da wani babi ba-kanmi ba a cikin labarin sasanta gabar tekun Yamma a cikin shekarun 1870, wanda Firayim Minista Sir Julius Vogel ya inganta. A cikin 1876 Duncan Macfarlane, wakilin Gwamnati a Jackson Bay, da Gerhard Mueller, babban mai binciken Westland, sun mai da hankali kan hanyar tsaunuka a 1876 da 1884 bi da bi. Wasu gine-gine sun faru a ƙarshen arewa a cikin 1885, kuma a cikin 1891.

Mueller da James McKerrow sun tsara wani tsari na yankin tsakanin Kogin Jackson da Hollyford a 1884, suna nuna hanyar da aka tsara tsakanin Lake Wakatipu da Jacksons Bay. An buga wannan a cikin ƙarin bayani ga mujallar Majalisar Wakilai 1884 Volume 1 Page 73, yanzu ana gudanar da shi a National Archives .  Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Mueller ya ba da shawarar hanya daga Cascade Plateau zuwa mahaɗar Kogin Pyke da Hollyford. An kammala cikakken bincike da shirin tsayin kilomita 47 game da wannan lokacin. A shekara ta 1898 akwai hanyar dawakai tsakanin Cascade da Barn Bay.

 1901–1945 
Ba a yi komai ba a kan hanyar da aka tsara har zuwa Babban Mawuyacin hali, lokacin da aka gan shi a matsayin yiwuwar tsarin aikin agaji na rashin aikin yi. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1931 kimanin mutane 200 ne suka yi aiki a kan hanyar Milford,  a cikin watanni 18, an kammala kilomita 33 (53) na hanya. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1934, an kammala binciken farko na ƙasar dutse wanda Milford Road za ta wuce. A watan Yuni, an ba da sanarwar cewa Gwamnati ta yanke shawarar kammala Titin Eglinton Valley zuwa Milford Sound. Hanyar ya zuwa yanzu ta isa Marian Corner, inda hanyar ta hadu da kwarin kogin Hollyford. Ketare babban rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Kogin Hollyford da Milford Sound basin shine mafi wahala da tsada a cikin aikin, kuma ya wajabta tukin dogon rami. An yi la'akari da cewa Gertrude Saddle shine mafi kyawun wurin da za a ketare rabe-raben, amma tunnel ɗin da ake buƙata akan wannan hanya an gano kusan sarƙoƙi 107 (7,100 ft; 2,200 m) a tsayi, yayin da yana yiwuwa a wuce ƙarƙashin Saddle na Homer tare da rami ɗaya na sarƙoƙi 60 (4 000 ft);.

J.H. Christie da T. Evans, magatakarda na garin Hokitika, sun ba da rahoto da kimantawa ga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a na hanyar Haast Pass da aka tsara a 1935. Rahoton ya haifar da sabuwar Gwamnatin Kwadago ta amince da hanyar Bruce Bay zuwa Haast Pass, da kuma hanyar Haast zuwa Hollyford a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin. Christie ya ce hanyar da ta tashi daga kogin Arowhata zuwa Upper Hollyford an kiyasta kudinta ya kai fam 175,000. A ranar 11 ga Afrilu ma'aikatan gaba a hanyar Te Anau-Milford Sound sun isa tukin mil 58, kusan mil 5 (kilomita 8.0) daga ƙofar gabas zuwa ramin. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba, an kammala shirye-shirye don tukin rami ta hanyar Homer Saddle a tsayin ƙafa 3,400 (1,000 m) sama da matakin teku. An yi tsammanin aikin zai kasance a hankali amma ba shi da matsala, tare da ƙugiya ta ratsa ta cikin ƙugiya a ƙarshen duka da ƙaƙƙarfan dutse mai ƙarfi a tsakani. An samar da wutar lantarki don aikin atisayen iska guda 12 da aka samu daga wata tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai nisan mil shida daga wurin da ake gudanar da ayyukan. Tunneling duk an yi daga Kudancin Kudancin, saboda ba shi yiwuwa a canja wurin kayan da shuka zuwa sashin Cleddau Valley. An kiyasta cewa hanyar mai nisan mil 72 (kilomita 116) daga Te Anau zuwa Milford Sound za ta kammala a ƙarshen 1937.

Daga baya a wannan shekarar J. Collins, Kwamishinan Kasuwanci na New Zealand kuma wakilin Sashen yawon bude ido da wayar da kan jama'a a Kanada da Amurka, ya bayyana cewa idan an samar da wuraren da suka dace don matafiya, titin zuwa Milford zai kasance masu yawon bude ido 25,000 a lokacin bazara. Yawancin waɗanda za su ziyarci hanyar za su kasance 'yan New Zealand, amma idan an ba da sha'awar ta da kyau a ƙasashen waje zai jawo dubban masu yawon bude ido daga ketare. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi tanadi, idan zai yiwu, na jiragen sama.

Ƙarshen Hollyford na ƙarshen hanyar Haast-Hollyford ya fara zuwa arewa daga Marian Corner a watan Agusta 1936. An kuma fara aiki a kan hanya a wata mai zuwa a South Westland, tare da ra'ayin samar da aikin agaji ga marasa aikin yi. An yi watsi da aikin saboda buƙatun ƙoƙarin yaƙi a watan Oktoba 1940. Wannan ya kawo ƙarshen aiki a kan hanya har zuwa 1960s.

 1946–1975 
Littafin Alice McKenzie na 1947 Pioneers of Martins Bay: Rayuwa a Matsakaicin Mafi Nisa na New Zealand ya rubuta sha'awar mazauna don hanyar kan hanyar Haast–Hollyford. Wani karin bayani ga littafin na Dr F. G. Hall-Jones ya lura cewa mazauna yankin da ake zargin shugabannin lardin Otago ba za su goyi bayan hanyar ba saboda za ta kai kai tsaye daga filayen zinare na Wakatipu zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Jackson Bay da kuma zuwa Ostiraliya, wanda ya bar 'yan kasuwar Dunedin "ba a cikin hoto". 

A cikin 1961, Ma'aikatar Labour ta ba da kuɗi don samun ma'aikata na lokaci-lokaci a yankin kudancin hanya tare da kwarin Hollyford, wanda ya kai ga Humboldt Falls (wanda aka fi sani da High Falls) inda aikin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1967. An gudanar da aikin kulawa na yau da kullum tun, ko da yake daga 1968 Westland County Council ya fara gina hanya a kudu zuwa kwarin Hollyford, a ƙarshe.

T.C.H. Mouatt ya sake yin wani rahoto kan yuwuwar hanyar Haast –Hollyford a shekarar 1964, yana mai cewa "hanyar a bayyane ce kuma kyakkyawar yiwuwar titin". A shekara mai zuwa Firayim Minista Keith Holyoake ya buɗe hanyar Haast Pass. Ya bayyana a lokacin cewa yana fatan komawa Westland nan da shekaru 10 don buɗe hanyar Haast–Hollyford da aka kammala.

A cikin 1973, an shirya shirye-shiryen haƙar asbestos masu daraja daga Red Hills. Mackley da Graham Ferguson wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Amurka Kennecott Utah Copper Ltd da Cassiar Explorations Ltd, wani kamfanin Kanada ne suka yi amfani da su don gina hanyar da ta tashi daga ƙafar Red Hills zuwa Big Bay. Don samun injin zuwa Big Bay, an kora ta daga Kwarin Cascade. Tsakanin Yuni da Oktoba biyu bulldozers, Caterpillar D8H da TD20 na kasa da kasa tare da taraktocin tallafi guda biyu, sledges na man fetur, wani gidan bunk, da gidan dafa abinci sun ratsa kasar tare da bakin teku zuwa yammacin ƙarshen Pyke Gorge. Sakamakon faduwar darajar tsare-tsaren asbestos na ma'adinan an yi watsi da su. ’Yan’uwan Ferguson sun koma bin hanyarsu, inda suka dawo kwarin Cascade a watan Disamba.

 1976–2000 
An yi ƙarin rahoton yuwuwar da kimanta aikin injiniya a cikin 1976 ta Injiniya Ma'aikatar Ayyuka R.C. Holland, kuma a cikin 1987 ta Manajan gundumar Westland Jon Olsen. Rahoton na baya-bayan nan ya kiyasta kudin hanyar da ta kai dala miliyan 40. McDermott Miller ya yi ƙarin farashi na ainihin hanyar cikin gida a cikin 1989. Wannan ya sanya farashin ya kai dala miliyan 70. Daga baya a wannan shekarar rahoton Sashen yawon shakatawa da Jama'a na New Zealand, "Haast-Hollyford Road Reconnaissance" ya kiyasta kudin a dala miliyan 101.1.

The campaign for a road was bolstered by the move to name the South Island west coast as a World Heritage Site. A visit to the area in 1989 by conservationist Dr David Bellamy. Bellamy said that the road should be restarted as "travellers should have access to an area people have fought hard to preserve as a World Heritage Site".[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span>] Minister of Tourism Jonathan Hunt, pledged support for a "World Heritage Drive", saying that he and then Minister of Conservation Philip Woollaston were in favour of the link, and that the proposal was on its way to the Parliamentary select committee for economic development. In 1990, 2.6 million hectares of land – almost 10% of New Zealand's total land area – was designated as the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage area. This area includes four national parks (Westland Tai Poutini, Aoraki / Mount Cook, Mount Aspiring and Fiordland), as well as the land beside and in between them.

A lokacin bude sabon ginin tashar tashar Milford Sound a cikin 1992, Ministan Yawon shakatawa na New Zealand John Banks ya ce "…. Kammala titin Lower Hollyford-West Coast shine kawai matakin ma'ana mai aminci don haɓaka yawon shakatawa zuwa wannan yanki…" Ƙarin ƙarfafawa don sake la'akari da zaɓin hanya ya fito ne daga tsohon Ministan yawon shakatawa Rob Talbot. Injiniyoyin farar hula Duffill Watts & King sun shirya rahoto kan hanyar da aka fi so a bakin teku a shekara mai zuwa, inda suka kiyasta yawan kuɗin da aka kashe na dala miliyan 85. Majalisun gundumomin Southland da Westland, McConnell Dowell da wasu 'yan majalisar dokoki sun ba da shawarar cewa za a iya bude hanyar bakin teku nan da shekara ta 1997. Magajin garin Southland Frana Cardno ta ce hanyar za ta kasance babbar hanyar yawon bude ido a kanta. [<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span>] An yi cikakken bayani game da sabbin shawarwari a cikin wata kasida a cikin Fiordland Focus wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa hanyar da aka tsara za ta rage tafiyar daga Milford zuwa Haast daga sa'o'i biyar zuwa sa'o'i biyu. Shirin ya ƙunshi sabbin abubuwa da yawa, kuma ya fifita ba da kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen sa daga hanyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba, wani ɓangare ta hanyar sanya shi hanyar biyan kuɗi. An tsara hanyar da aka tsara don dacewa da ƙa'idodin muhalli masu girma.

A cikin 1994, Southland Times ta gudanar da jerin labarai a kan hanyar da aka tsara, wanda Les Hutchins, mai kiyayewa da mai gudanar da yawon bude ido ya rubuta. Hutchins ya lura cewa hanyar da ke kan Wilmot Pass da titin Milford shaida ne cewa za a iya sanya hanyar haɗi tare da ƙarancin lalacewa ga muhalli. Ya ce ko shakka babu hanyar za ta yi matukar amfani ga harkokin yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa da na cikin gida, sannan kuma ya yi nuni da irin tasirin da tsarin da aka tsara zai yi kan matsalolin cunkoso masu hadari a titin Milford.

A watan Agusta, Majalisar Gundumar Southland da Westland sun ba da goyon baya ga hanyar haɗi kuma sun fara binciken yiwuwar ta a matsayin hanyar haraji ta amfani da kudade masu zaman kansu. An yi la'akari da adadin $ 20 ga kowane mai amfani. Dukkanin majalisun sun amince da darajar muhalli na yankin da kuma bukatar duk wani gini da za a gudanar da shi zuwa ka'idoji masu tsauri. A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, wakilan daga majalisun gundumar da kamfanin gine-gine na McConnell Dowell sun sadu da Ministocin Yawon Bude Ido da Karewa, kuma bayan wannan taron sun ba da shawarar a shirya binciken yiwuwar (bincike don kashe $ 360,000) kuma an fara tsarin shawarwarin jama'a. A shirye-shiryen wannan Majalisar Gundumar Westland ta bincika layin hanya zuwa kwarin Cascade har zuwa Barn Bay a cikin 1997, a cikin ƙoƙari da ya gaza don halatta wannan ɓangaren hanya.

A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2000, ɗan kasuwa na Nelson Fred Willetts ya ba da shawara a cikin Nelson Mail cewa Tushen Tarihi na Duniya wanda ya haɗa da titin Karamea–Collingwood da titin Haast–Hollyford zai kawo dama mara iyaka zuwa New Zealand, buɗe damar yawon buɗe ido da aiki ga ƙasar. An kiyasta kudin kowace hanya ta kusan dala miliyan 130.

 Tun daga shekara ta 2000 
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2001, an rarraba wani littafi na tabloid ta hanyar jaridu na yau da kullun a Tsibirin Kudancin ta hanyar masu goyon bayan shirin don haɗin Haast-Hollyford da Karamea-Collingwood. Kungiyoyin muhalli sun soki littafin, ciki har da Kifi da Wasan New Zealand, Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand  da Green Party. 

Kafin zaben shekara ta 2002, an baiwa jagoran 'yan adawa Don Brash da sauran su jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na leken asiri a tsawon tsawon hanyar; duk sun yarda da ra'ayi da tsari.

A cikin 2004, Ted Loose, Shugaban Muhalli Southland, ya ce a cikin wani edita cewa "tun da aka fara amfani da [hanyar Haast-Hollyford], ci gaban da aka samu ta hanyar mutanen da ke ikirarin kula da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da tasirin muhalli na gina hanya ta hanyar National Park. Kuma duk lokacin, matsalolin da ke hade da cunkoso a Milating. Magajin gari da aka sake zaba na gundumar Southland, Frana Cardno, ta ce a cikin wani edita ga Southland Times a ranar 9 ga Oktoba cewa shawarar hanyar Haast–Hollyford na bukatar a farfado da ita.

A cikin 2005, Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare ta yi kira da a gabatar da wani sabon shirin kiyayewa. Tsohuwar shirin ya ce hanya ta cikin kwarin Hollyford "ba shi yiwuwa". Sama da 800 ƙaddamarwa an karɓi su akan batutuwa da yawa, amma babban rabo (sama da 500) sun kasance suna tallafawa hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

Gabatarwa ga Majalisar Gundumar Westland 2009-2019 Tsare-tsaren Al'umma na Majalisar Dogon Zamani a 2009 sun goyi bayan buɗe hanyar. Majalisar ta zartar da wani kudiri na tabbatar da goyon bayansu ga hanyar da aka tsara kuma ta ware dala 100,000 ga titin da aka sassaka daga Jackson Bay zuwa Kogin Cascade. 

A cikin 2010, ɗan kasuwa na Christchurch Earl Hagaman  ya ba da umarnin rahoto  (Rahoton Octa) wanda ya ba da shawarar za a iya gina hanyar haraji don dala miliyan 225-315. Hagaman, wanda ya kafa jerin Scenic Circle Hotels, ya yi jayayya cewa hanyar za ta kasance da muhimmancin ƙasa, ta bunkasa masana'antar yawon bude ido ta dala biliyan 21.7 kuma ta rage lokacin tuki zuwa Milford Sound. Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki Gerry Brownlee ya sadu da majalisun gundumar Westland da Southland da kuma Hagaman, yana cewa "Ni da kaina ina goyon bayan [hanya] amma ba wani abu ne da Gwamnati ke la'akari da shi a halin yanzu ba. "  Ma'aikatar ci gaban tattalin arzikin ta yi la'akari a takaice da sabon tsari don hanya a wannan shekarar, amma ba ta ga wani riba daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki ba.

A cikin 2012 hannun mallakar Majalisar Gundumar Westland ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar fahimta don gina hanyar haraji kuma tana ci gaba da tsara yarjejeniyar albarkatu.

A cikin 2013 an bayyana cewa Westland District Property Limited (bangaren kadara na Majalisar gundumar Westland) zai karɓi kuɗin nasara $1 miliyan idan aka ba da izinin hanyar. An bai wa Westroads (Hukumar Titin Gundumar Westland) kwangilar $30m don inganta sashin hanyar tsakanin Arowhata da Cascade. 

 Dubi kuma 

 Cibiyar sadarwa ta babbar hanyar jihar New Zealand
 Muhalli na New Zealand
 Yawon shakatawa a New Zealand
 Tasirin muhalli na hanyoyi

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Ƙarin karantawa 



 Haɗin waje 

 Te Wāhipounamu - Yankin Tarihin Duniya na Kudu maso Yammacin New Zealand a Ma'aikatar Karewa
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba