'Yan wasa da tashin hankali a cikin gida a Amurka

Rikicin cikin gida da 'yan wasa maza ke yi a kan abokan hulɗarsu ko dangin su yana ɗaya daga cikin laifuka da aka fi sani da su a filin wasa wanda ke shafar gudanar da wasanni. Ƙoƙarin da ake buƙata] Ƙungiyoyin wasanni, gwamnatoci, da masu kallo suna yin don magance abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida da 'yan wasa suka yi waɗanda suka zo ga hankalin jama'ar wasanni. Akwai lokuta na NFL, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), National Basketball Association (NBA), da kuma wasan dambe da ke daukar ma'aikata da inganta 'yan wasa da suka aikata tashin hankali na cikin gida, wanda ya gabatar da matsala lokacin da laifin su ya zama sananne ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ambaton] Mafi shahararrun sun kasance lokuta na tashin hankali na cikin gida waɗanda aka ruwaito cewa mambobin NFL ne ke aikata su, saboda yawancin shahararren wasan a Amurka da kuma rawar da ake sa ran mahalarta wasan su kasance. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

 Tarihi 
Rikicin cikin gida tsakanin 'yan wasa musamman yana faruwa a waje da filin kuma galibi ana yin sa ne ta hanyar' yan wasa da masu sana'a. Mata galibi sune wadanda abin ya shafa a lokacin wadannan tashin hankali. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai ƙarfi, miliyoyin Amurkawa ne ke bugawa da kallo, kuma yana tsakiyar tattaunawar da ke kewaye da tashin hankali na gida da manyan 'yan wasa. Masana sun yi aiki a kan wannan abin da ya faru suna la'akari da sauye-sauye da yawa yayin ƙoƙarin daidaita yanayin 'yan wasa da tashin hankali na gida. Masana (wanda aka tattauna a ƙasa) sun ba da shawarar cewa halin tashin hankali da ke cikin yanayin kwallon kafa na iya zama mai saurin hanzari ko mai saurin tashin hankali na gida. Ana ƙara sukar manyan 'yan wasan motsa jiki saboda rashin aikinsu game da tashin hankali na gida. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

 Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka 
"Rashin cin zarafin gida tsakanin 'yan wasa masu sana'a ba sabon matsala ba ne, amma ya zama batun da aka sani da shi a kasa lokacin da dan wasan kwallon kafa na Baltimore Ravens Ray Rice ya kai hari ga budurwarsa ta lokacin, yanzu matarsa, [a cikin 2014] kuma an dakatar da shi ne kawai daga wasanni biyu na NFL. "  Lamarin ya faru ne a cikin wani mai hawa a otal, inda Rice ya kori budurwarsa. TMZ ce ta fitar da bidiyon. Kafin lamarin, manufofin halayyar NFL sun bayyana cewa za a horar da 'yan wasan saboda laifin cin zarafin gida, amma ba su ba da cikakkun bayanai ba, don haka an bar ƙungiyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta zo da hukunci mai dacewa ga Rice. Bayan karbar zargi mai yawa game da dakatarwa mai sauƙi, kwamishinan NFL Roger Goodell ya kirkiro sabbin dokoki ga 'yan wasan da suka yi wa abokin tarayya cin zarafi, yana mai cewa laifin farko zai haifar da dakatar wasanni shida ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba kuma laifin na biyu zai haifar da fitar da su daga gasar aƙalla shekara guda.

An yi nazarin halayyar aikata laifuka na 'yan wasan Kwallon ƙafa fiye da na sauran' yan wasan a wasu wasanni. Saboda yanayin tashin hankali na wasanni, mutum na iya zaton cewa 'yan wasan kwallon kafa suna da saukin tashin hankali a filin wasa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin NFL a filin wasa shine tashin hankali na cikin gida, a cewar Jon Shuppe daga NBC News, a cikin shekaru 14 da suka gabata an kama mutane 87 da suka shafi 'yan wasan kwallon kafa 80.  Binciken da aka yi a cikin shari'o'in aikata laifuka 252 da aka bayar a cikin shekara guda Kwando ya shafi 'yan wasa ya gano cewa kusan kashi 14% (49) na' yan wasan da ke da hannu 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ne. Wannan idan aka kwatanta da kusan 7% (25) ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da kusan 6% (ashirin da ɗaya) na ƙwararrun' yan wasan ƙwallaye da hockey. Duk da yake wannan ba ya jawo wani takamaiman dalilin tashin hankali, binciken aƙalla yana nuna cewa 'yan wasa masu sana'a da ke buga wasu wasanni ban da kwallon kafa suma sun karya doka a cikin lambobi masu yawa, wanda ya kai watakila manyan abubuwan da suka faru a kowace shekara.

Wani abu da ke ba da gudummawa ga tashin hankali na gida tsakanin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na iya zama cewa ba su da damuwa ga halayyar jiki saboda wani bangare ne na abin da suke yi a kowane lokaci. Stanley Teitelbaum, Ph.D Clinical Psychologist kuma marubucin Sports Heroes, Fallen Idols da Illusions and Disillusions, ya yarda da bayanin da Mitch Abrams ya yi a baya, yana cewa, "Sun kasance (masu wasan ƙwallon ƙafa) an horar da su don kasancewa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ɗan tashin hankali a filin, wannan shine yanayin wasan kuma wannan shine yadda suka zama 'yan wasa masu mahimmanci. Kuma wani lokacin yana da wahala ga' yan wasa su kashe rayuwarsu lokacin da suka koma ga rikice-rikice. "  Wasu' yan wasan suna tasowa a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da su. Yayin da mutum ya girma a cikin yanayin da ke maraba da tashin hankali, halayensu na maimaita abin da suka gani, ko abin da aka yi musu na iya ƙaruwa. Adrian Peterson ya ce ya horar da ɗansa kamar yadda aka horar da shi tun yana yaro, sannan ya ci gaba da cewa ba zai sake amfani da sauyawa ba (a cikin la'akari da zarge-zargen horo ga ɗan shekara 4 da bulala.)  A kusan kowane hali, tashin hankali na cikin gida ya haɗa da 'yan wasa maza waɗanda ke yin wasanni masu tashin hankali suna cin zarafin mata ko' yan mata. A shekara ta 2010, an zargi Steve Jackson na St. Louis Rams da doke budurwarsa yayin da take da ciki na watanni tara da ɗansa. Tsohuwar budurwarsa, Supriya Harris, ta ce Jackson "ya kama hannuna, ya jefa ni a ƙofar kuma ya tura ni ƙasa akai-akai. "  Jackson ya kai Harris asibiti ya gaya mata ta gaya wa likitoci cewa ta fadi cikin wanka. Kwanaki goma bayan haka, ta haifi ɗansu, amma ma'auratan sun rabu bayan watanni huɗu bayan ya sake yi mata barazana.

Duk da haka ba a bayyana cewa 'yan wasa sun fi shiga cikin manyan laifuka fiye da yawan jama'a ba. A cikin binciken da aka biyo baya, Blumstein da Benedict (1999) sun nuna cewa kashi 23% na maza a cikin biranen da ke da yawan mutane 250,000 ko fiye an kama su saboda babban laifi a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu. Wannan ya kwatanta da kashi 21.4% na 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na NFL da aka kama saboda wani abu mafi tsanani fiye da karamin laifi kamar yadda aka ruwaito a binciken Benedict na baya (Benedict da Yaeger 1998). A zahiri, lokacin da Blumstein da Benedict suka kwatanta 'yan wasan NFL da samari daga irin wannan asalin launin fata, sun gano cewa yawan kama' yan wasan NFL bai kai rabin na sauran rukuni ba don laifuka na tashin hankali na gida da hare-haren da ba na gida ba.[1]￼

Woods ya kawo hankali ga batun Hakkin namiji, batun da Benedict da Yaeger suka ba da haske. Wasu 'yan wasa suna da ma'anar cancanta yayin da shahararsu ke girma. Kowace birni da suke ciki, 'yan wasa maza suna kewaye da mata. 'Yan wasan sau da yawa suna bi da waɗannan mata da ƙyama kuma duk da haka har yanzu suna jarabce su da tayin jima'i.

 NCAA 
Wani batu mai mahimmanci ga 'yan wasa da yawa shine bayyanar tashin hankali a kan mata tsakanin' yan wasan maza. Yawancin maza za su yi saurin cewa suna girmama mata kuma tabbas ba sa nufin cutar da mata. Ga wasu kididdiga daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Tsayayya da 'Yan Wasanni Masu Rikitarwa a shafin yanar gizon ta a ncava.org: Binciken shekaru uku ya nuna cewa yayin da ɗaliban ɗalibai maza suka kai kashi 3% na yawan jama'a a makarantun koleji, suna da kashi 20% na hare-haren jima'i da kashi 35% na hare-hare na cikin gida a makarantun kwaleji. 'Yan wasan suna yin hari daya cikin uku na jima'i na kwaleji. Yawan jama'a suna da kashi 80% na cin zarafin jima'i, yayin da adadin 'yan wasa ya kai 38% kawai. Wadannan kididdigar an tattara su ne daga shari'o'i 107 na cin zarafin jima'i da aka ruwaito a makarantu 30 na Division I tsakanin 1991 da 1993. Masu sukar wannan binciken sun ce girman samfurin ya kasance karami kuma ba a sarrafa shi don amfani da barasa ba, amfani da taba, da kuma halin namiji ga mata. Wadannan dalilai guda uku sune manyan masu tsinkaya game da sha'awar namiji ga tashin hankali na jinsi. Nazarin da aka yi kwanan nan ya tabbatar da binciken da Crosset da abokan aiki suka yi, kuma wani mai bincike ya kammala cewa "yawancin fyade na harabar ya shafi 'yan uwantaka ko kungiyoyin 'yan wasa".

 Manazarta