Percy Toplis

Francis Percy Toplis (22 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1896 - 6 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1920) ɗan Ingila ne kuma mai zamba a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko . Kafin yaƙin an ɗaure shi saboda yunkurin fyade. A lokacin yakin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a cikin Royal Army Medical Corps, amma a kai a kai ya zama jami'in yayin hutu, yana sanye da monocle. Bayan yakin ya zama sananne bayan kisan direban taksi da raunin wani jami'in 'yan sanda wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama shi. Binciken mutum ya kasance babban labari a lokacin. An gano shi kuma an kashe shi a cikin harbi da 'yan sanda. 

A shekara ta 1978 an buga wani littafi wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da babban ɓangare a cikin Étaples Mutiny daga 9-12 Satumba 1917, a matsayin "The Monocled Mutineer". Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa tsarin siyasa ya bi shi a cikin fansa kuma mai yiwuwa ba shi da laifi game da kisan. BBC ta yi wasan kwaikwayo da littafin a 1986 a matsayin The Monocled Mutineer, wanda ya haifar da babbar gardama.

Masu sukar sun ce babu wata shaida da ya kasance a wurin kuma bayanan hukuma sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar Toplis tana kan hanya zuwa Indiya a lokacin tawaye na Étaples. Koyaya, bayanan hukuma waɗanda galibi ake ambaton su don karyata da'awar cewa Toplis ya shiga cikin Mutiny an ƙaddamar da su daga taƙaitaccen motsinsa wanda ya bayyana a cikin wasika da aka aika wa Babban Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Hampshire daga Superintendent James L. Cox .  Wasikar, mai kwanan wata 17 ga Mayu 1920, ta bayyana yadda aka tura Toplis zuwa Dardanelles bayan farawar yaƙi a 1915 tare da Kamfanin Ambulance na filin, an ji masa rauni kuma an tura shi gida kuma "sa'an nan kuma ya tafi aikin soja zuwa Salonika, Misira kuma ya koma Depot sannan zuwa Indiya a cikin Sojojin 'Orontes'". Koyaya, wasikar daga Superintendent Cox ba ta ambaci 'sanarwa da ake so' wanda aka nuna a cikin Gazette na 'yan sanda mai kwanan wata 18 ga Oktoba 1918 wanda ya bayyana cewa Toplis ya bar Salonika a ranar 15 ga Yuni a wannan shekarar ba. Hukuncin 'aiki mai tsanani' na watanni shida da majistare na Nottingham ya yi masa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1918  ya nuna cewa Toplis bai ga kwanakin hidimarsa a Misira ko Bombay ba kamar yadda wasu suka yi zargin. Kamar yadda MOD ba ta riƙe rikodin Sabis na Sojojin Burtaniya na Toplis ba, cikakkun bayanai game da ƙungiyoyinsa ba su da tabbas. Baya ga wasikar Cox da Katin Medal,  babu wasu bayanan hukuma na tarihin hidimarsa. Duk da watsi da ainihin kwanakin a cikin taƙaitaccen Superintendent Cox game da ƙungiyoyinsa a lokacin yaƙin, masana tarihi da yawa suna jin cewa ba zai yiwu Toplis ya kasance a Faransa don shiga cikin tawaye ba.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Toplis a titin Sanforth, Derbyshire" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield, Derbyshire kuma an yi masa baftisma a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1896 a Skegby .  Iyayensa, Herbert da Rejoice Elizabeth (née Webster), ba su iya tallafa masa ba kuma kakanninsa ne suka tashe shi.

Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta South Normanton, inda aka ruwaito cewa shi mai zalunci ne wanda ake yawan yi masa bulala .  A watan Maris na shekarar 1908, yana da shekaru 11, an kama shi saboda sayen kara biyu ta hanyar amfani da karya. Kakanninsa ba su sake iya sarrafa shi ba kuma kotu ta sake shi ga goggonsa, Annie Webster. Toplis ya bar makaranta a shekarar 1910 yana da shekaru 13, kuma ya zama mai koyon aikin maƙera a ma'aikatar Blackwell, amma bayan rashin samun ingantaccen tarihin halarta da kuma jayayya da mai kula da rijiyoyin, sai ya yi rayuwa mai wahala a Scotland . A shekarar 1911 aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki goma a gidan yari a Dumfries saboda rashin biyan tikitin jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. Ya koma Ingila kuma a shekarar 1912 an yi zargin cewa yana da shekaru 15, an yanke wa Toplis hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari saboda yunkurin yi wa 'yar manomi mai shekaru 15, Nellie North, fyade a Sutton-on-Sea da ke Lincolnshire, inda ya shafe shekaru yana zaman gidan yari a gidan yarin Lincoln, aka sake shi a shekarar 1914.  Duk da haka, yayin da aka rubuta sunan Toplis a cikin bayanan zaman Kwata na harin da aka kai wa Nellie North,  Jaridar Boston Guardian ta ranar 9 ga Maris ta ruwaito cewa mutumin da aka gurfanar a Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Alford wani mutum ne mai suna James Topliss. An ruwaito cewa Topliss ya bi yarinyar ta wuce gonar Brown's Farm ya yi mata duka a wani mahadar jirgin ƙasa. Bayan gwajin da aka yi mata, an duba yarinyar a wani tiyata a Mablethorpe inda aka gano alamun "ƙarfi da tashin hankali." Lokacin da aka kama shi, Topliss ya ba da sunansa a matsayin William Edmundston na Sutton kuma ya yi zargin cewa yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Skegness don ziyartar wani kawu.  Kidayar jama'a ta shekarar 1911 ta nuna cewa ma'aikacin gona James Topliss yana zaune tare da ɗansa Walter James Topliss mai shekaru 12 a kusa da Withern a Alford a lokacin da lamarin ya faru.  [ <span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (March 2019)">bincike na asali?</span> ] Blackwell a Derbyshire yana da nisan mil 85. 

 Yaƙin Duniya na farko 
A cikin 1915, shekara bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Toplis ya shiga Royal Army Medical Corps kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar shimfiɗa, aikinsa na farko yana aiki a Loos. An tura rukunin sa zuwa kasashen waje don shiga cikin saukowa a Gallipoli, kuma lokacin da suka dawo, an kwantar da Toplis a asibiti saboda cututtukan hanji. Bayan haka ya yi aiki a takaice a masana'antar makamai. Daga baya aka tura ƙungiyarsa zuwa Salonika da Masar, amma an dawo da Toplis lokacin da ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro. Toplis ya sake komawa ga jama'a zuwa Blackwell yana cikin tufafin kyaftin din. Jaridar yankin, Nottingham Evening Post, ta ba da rahoton ziyarar da wasu labaransa, wanda daga baya ya saki ga 'yan sanda don sanarwar "da yake so" a shekarar 1920. 

 Wanda ake zargi da tawaye 
A shekara ta 1978 William Allison da John Fairley sun buga The Monocled Mutineer, inda suka nuna Percy Toplis a matsayin babban mai shiga cikin tawaye na Étaples sakamakon kasancewarsa cikin ƙungiyar masu ficewa da ke zaune a wannan yankin na Faransa. Sun ce an nemi Toplis a Faransa bayan tawaye kuma an ba da hotunan kama shi. Gaskiyar cewa hukumomin Burtaniya sun yi ƙoƙari su kama ko kuma su yi shiru Toplis Allison da Fairley don ƙara gaskiya ga ra'ayin cewa shi ne ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin tawaye da suka tsere wa fansa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span>]

Bayan an buga littafin, Howard Barker ya yi wasan kwaikwayo game da aikin Toplis a matsayin mai tayar da kayar baya a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa na 1980 Crimes in Hot Countries, wanda aka nuna shi a matsayin mai yaudarar rikici, "marasa aiki da lalata, ba tare da damuwa game da sakamakon aikinsa ga wasu ba". Jerin BBC na 1986 mai taken The Monocled Mutineer, wanda Alan Bleasdale ya yi amfani da shi na littafin da Paul McGann ya buga Toplis, ya nuna shi cikin haske mai kyau. Shirin ya haifar da zargi daga gwamnatin Conservative na lokacin nuna bambanci na hagu a BBC. Ba wai kawai 'yan jarida na dama ne suka yi tir da daidaito na jerin da littafin da aka kafa shi ba; masanin tarihin gurguzu Julian Putkowski, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mai ba da shawara na tarihi ga shirin, ya kuma soki 'kuskuren gaskiya da kuskuren da ke faruwa a cikin jerin'. Putkowski ya nuna cewa ba zai yiwu Toplis ya taka rawar gani a cikin tawaye ba.
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896
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