Gidan zubar da shara na Abu Dis

An gina wurin zubar da sharar Abu Dis a cikin Abu Dis a cikin 1980s, daidai da Babban Tsarin Sharar Sharar na 1987 na Yahudiya da Samariya. An shirya yin aiki na tsawon shekaru 20. Wurin yana tsakanin Abu Dis da Ayzrya a gefen gabas na shingen rabuwa. Yana tsakanin ƙauyukan Isra'ila: Ma'ale Adummim.  da Qeda . Shafin yana cikin "Yankin C", wani yanki a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Oslo,  wanda Isra'ila ke da cikakken iko.

Abu Dis wani gari ne na Falasdinawa a gundumar Kudus na hukumar Falasdinawa da ke iyaka da Kudus. Tun bayan yarjejeniyar wucin gadi ta 1995 kan gabar yammacin kogin Jordan da zirin Gaza, Abu Dis ya kasance wani bangare na "Yankin B", karkashin hadin gwiwa tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinu. Bisa kididdigar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Falasdinu ta Tsakiya (PCBS), Abu Dis yana da yawan jama'a 10,782 a shekarar 2007. 

Yayin da matsugunin Abu Dis ke hidima ga Isra'ila da Falasdinu, yawancin sharar ta samo asali ne daga garuruwa da matsugunan Isra'ila. Kudus, gami da Gabashin Kudus, ya zama kashi 90% na sharar gida. Kadan daga cikin sharar ta fito ne daga matsugunan Isra'ila a cikin Falasdinu, kuma al'ummar Falasdinu suna ba da gudummawar kashi 6% na sharar.

 Kudin da Ƙuntatawa 
Abubuwa biyu suna hana Falasdinawa shiga shafin: harajin shara, da ƙuntataccen damar shiga.

 Kudin Rashin Rashin Ruwa 
Akwai haraji da aka ɗora wa gwamnatocin Palasdinawa da Isra'ila don amfani da shafin Abu Dis. Koyaya, tattalin arzikin Isra'ila ya bambanta da na Falasdinu (West Bank). Misali, GDP na West Bank ga kowane mutum, a cikin 2008, ya kasance $ 1485.30  yayin da GDP na Isra'ila ga kowane mutum، a cikin 2008, ta kasance $ 28,291.90.

 Ƙuntataccen Samun 
A bisa doka an ba Falasdinawa damar zubar da shararsu a wurin; duk da haka, an hana Falasdinawa shiga wurin ta wasu hanyoyi. Kananan hukumomi na fuskantar matsalar kudi wajen biyan haraji, wanda ke nufin galibi ba za su iya shiga wurin ba bisa ka'ida. Har ila yau, takunkumin tsaron Isra'ila a lokutan rikici ya hana Falasdinawa isa wurin.

 Lalacewar muhalli da haɗarin lafiya 
Wurin zubar da shara na Abu Dis yana sama da wani ruwa mai tsauni. Narkar da dutsen farar ƙasa sama da ruwa yana haifar da haɗarin gurɓata ruwan ƙasa. Abubuwan acidic a cikin ruwa, musamman leachate, suna gurɓata tushen ruwa mai mahimmanci cikin haɗari. Ana dai kallon wurin a matsayin "wajen juji mara tsafta" saboda ledar da ke zubowa a cikin ramin ruwa da kuma shafar ruwan da bangarorin Isra'ila da Falasdinawa ke amfani da shi.

Ana iya ganin tankunan tattara leach a wurin; duk da haka, babu isassun bayanai kan ingancin tankunan da ke hana kwararar guba a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa. Har ila yau, wuraren da waɗannan tankuna masu yatsa suke ba a fallasa su kuma ba a kula da su sosai.

Ƙone sharar gida ba a yarda da shi a duniya ba saboda yana fitar da iskar gas da ke dauke da guba kamar ammoniya da hydrogen sulphate. Tattara sharar gida a cikin shafin yana haifar da wari mai ban mamaki wanda ake ɗauka a cikin iska kuma yana shafar al'ummomin Bedouin da ke kusa. Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin fashewar methane tunda ba a kula da shafin ba, kuma akwai damuwa cewa haɗarin muhalli mai tsanani yana jefa rayuwar mutane cikin haɗari a yankin.

 Tsarin Shari'a 

 Dokar Kasa da Kasa 
Dangane da Dokar Jama'a ta Duniya (IHL), kwace ƙasa a cikin yankunan da aka mamaye na iya faruwa ne kawai saboda bukatun soja don amfanin jama'ar yankin. Dokokin Hague na 1907 sun bayyana cewa ba za a kwace dukiyar jihar da aka mamaye ba ko kuma a lalata su sai dai idan "ya kamata a bukaci bukatun yaki". Mataki na 55 na Dokokin Hague ya bayyana cewa dole ne a "tsare" dukiyar yankin da aka mamaye kuma ikon mamayewa na iya aiki ne kawai a matsayin "mai gudanarwa". Mataki na 147 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva ya kuma tabbatar da cewa "ƙaddamarwa da cinye dukiya, ba a tabbatar da shi ba kuma an gudanar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba bisa ka ga doka ba" ya kamata a dauke shi karya yarjejeniyar. Wadannan tanadi suna buƙatar ikon zama don adana yanayin yanayi na yankunan da aka mamaye da kuma kare shi daga lalacewa. An tabbatar da su duka ta hanyar Rio Declaration, wanda ya lura cewa jihohi suna da alhakin tabbatar da cewa babu wani lalacewa da aka haifar da muhalli na wasu jihohin da suka fada ƙarƙashin ikonsu ko sarrafawa,  kuma ta Yarjejeniyar Basel, wanda ke buƙatar cewa sharar da aka fitar zuwa wata Jiha "ana sarrafa ta hanyar muhalli"  kuma cewa yawan sharar da ake fitarwa "an rage shi zuwa mafi ƙarancin daidai da yanayin muhalli da ingantaccen kula da irin wannan sharar". Yarjejeniyar ta jaddada bukatar "kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli daga tasirin da zai iya haifar da irin wannan motsi [na sharar gida]. "

 Yarjejeniyar Oslo 
Yarjejeniyar Oslo I (1993) da Oslo II (1995) tsakanin Gwamnatin Isra'ila da Kungiyar 'Yanci ta Falasdinawa (PLO) sun tsara tanadi don hadin gwiwar bangarorin biyu da sadarwa kan ayyukan muhalli. A cewar Mataki na 12 na yarjejeniyar, ya kamata bangarorin biyu su kafa Kwamitin Masana Muhalli don tabbatar da "haɗin kai da fahimta na muhalli". Wannan kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Isra'ila da Palasdinawa zai yi aiki tare wajen aiwatar da ka'idoji da kuma buƙatar kimanta tasirin muhalli don manyan shirye-shiryen ci gaba waɗanda ke hulɗa da zubar da sharar gida. Bugu da kari, Mataki na 12 yana buƙatar "kare muhalli da rigakafin haɗarin muhalli, haɗari da damuwa ciki har da kowane irin gurɓataccen ƙasa, ruwa da iska" kuma ya fahimci "yanayin da ba shi da kyau na muhalli a Yammacin Kogin" da kuma "sha'awar juna don inganta wannan halin" wanda ake buƙatar taimakon Isra'ila ga bangaren Palasdinawa.

 Dokar Isra'ila 
A cewar Eyal Zamie, tsohon mataimakin kuma mai ba da shawara kan shari'a na Yahudiya da Samariya, "Ba a haramta fitar da fili don amfanin jama'a [a Yammacin Kogin Jordan] ba. Dole ne a cika sharuɗɗa guda uku: na farko, an yi sayan ne bisa ga dokar gida; na biyu, an biya mai gida cikakken diyya; na uku, sayen shi ne don manufar jama'a.".Sai dai Meir Shamgar, tsohon shugaban kotun kolin Isra'ila, ya ce, "Game da kwace a Yahudiya da Samariya, ya kamata a ambaci cewa gaba daya dokokin kasa da kasa sun hana gwamnatin sojan kasar ikon kwace filaye a yankunan da aka mamaye; duk da haka, akwai shaidun da ke goyon bayan matsayin da ya halatta a kwace filaye don bukatun jama'ar yankin bayan an biya diyya." Kotun kolin Isra'ila ta bai wa al'ummar yankin damar zubar da shararsu a wurin tun da tana 'amfanuwa da su' kuma hakan ya halatta kwace fili don 'yancin jama'a' ba tare da la'akari da lalacewar muhallin da za a yi ga al'ummomin da ke kewaye da yankin ba. Har ila yau, lauyan gwamnatin Isra'ila ya bayyana cewa, idan aka daina barin al'ummar Palasdinawa su zubar da sharar gida a wurin, to za ta yi watsi da "hakikanin shari'a na kasancewar wurin," ba tare da la'akari da ikonsu na biyan haraji ba. Har ila yau, ya ce, "Ba shi da ma'ana a gina da kuma sarrafa wurin da ake zubar da shara a cikin zuciyar wasu jama'a, ba tare da yawan jama'ar da ke cin gajiyar wurin ba, alhalin abin ya shafi tsadar muhalli ne kawai."

 Bayanan da aka ambata