Rigi

A shekara ta 1842, mai zane-zanen Birtaniya JMW Turner ya zana launukan ruwa guda uku na Rigi, wani dutse a tsaunukan Alps a Tsakiyar Switzerland, wanda ya ziyarta a lokacin bazara da ya gabata. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyukansa, launukan ruwa suna ɗaukar tasirin haske da yanayin yanayi na Rigi na ɗan lokaci. A cewar John Ruskin, "Turner bai taɓa yin zane-zane [launukan ruwa] kamar waɗannan ba a da, kuma bai sake yin irinsu ba ... Ba ya nuna hannunsa a cikin waɗannan, sai dai zuciyarsa." 

An sayi Blue Rigi, Sunrise, wanda aka fi sani da The Blue Rigi, a shekarar 2007 ta Tate Gallery da ke Burtaniya kan fam miliyan 4.95, wanda ya yi daidai da farashin da aka samu a gwanjo a shekarar 2006, wanda a lokacin shine mafi girman kuɗin da Tate ya biya don zane-zane guda ɗaya. Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Victoria na Ostiraliya yana riƙe da Red Rigi kuma yana nuna dutsen yana ja da hasken rana. An ajiye Dark Rigi a cikin tarin masu zaman kansu. Tate yana riƙe da zane-zane da yawa na shirye-shirye a matsayin wani ɓangare na Turner Bequest.

 Bayani 
Turner ya zana nau'ikan Rigi iri-iri a shekarar 1842, bayan ziyarar da ya kai Switzerland a lokacin bazara da ya gabata. Misalai da aka kammala sun haɗa da The Red Rigi, wanda rana ta yi ja, wanda aka fara sayar wa HAJ Munro na Novar kuma yanzu haka yana hannun National Gallery of Victoria da ke Melbourne, Ostiraliya, da kuma The Dark Rigi, wani kallo na safe, a cikin tarin sirri. Tate ya riƙe zane-zane da yawa na shirye-shirye a matsayin abin da ya gabata na Turner Bequest.

Mai sukar fasaha na Victorian John Ruskin wataƙila shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana mambobi daban-daban na jerin Rigi na Turner ta launukansu. Launuka daban-daban da yanayin da ke cikin jerin Rigi na Turner sun yi kama da na kwafi na Mount Fuji na Hokusai, zane-zanen Mont Sainte-Victoire na Cézanne, da jerin Rouen Cathedral na Monet.

 Bayani 
Blue Rigi yana nuna dutsen Rigi da ke tsakiyar Switzerland, wanda ake kallo daga kudu maso yamma a fadin tafkin Lucerne . "Sarauniyar Duwatsu" shuɗi ne a hasken safiya, an lulluɓe shi da mayafin hazo na safe. An gina sautin da launuka masu laushi, tare da ƙara cikakkun bayanai ta hanyar ƙyanƙyashewa da goga mai kyau. "Taurari" guda biyu, waɗanda galibi ana kiransu Venus, suna walƙiya a sararin samaniyar safe mai launin rawaya a sama, inda aka goge fenti da farce don bayyana farin ƙasa mai haske. A gaban hagu, an zana su da alkalami da tawada mai launin ruwan kasa, ana iya ganin agwagi suna tashi daga tafkin, suna firgita da harbin bindiga kuma karnuka biyu suna bin su, zuwa gaban dama.

 Manazarta 

 Blue Rigi, Tate Gallery
 Rigi Mai Duhu, Tate Gallery
 Red Rigi, Tate Gallery
 JMW Turner: Rigis Uku, Tate Gallery, 22 Janairu-25 Maris 2007
 An sayar da Turner watercolor akan fam miliyan 5.8, jaridar The Guardian, 6 ga Yuni 2006
 Babban aikin Turner zai ci gaba da zama a Birtaniya yayin da Tate ke tara fam miliyan 4.95 cikin makonni biyar, Jaridar The Guardian, Juma'a 2 ga Maris 2007
 Me yasa muka yi amfani da launukan ƙasa don Blue Rigi ?, Jaridar The Guardian, 2 Maris 2007
 Turner watercolor ya lashe kyautar £5.8m a tarihi, Telegraph, 6 ga Yuni 2006
 Taska ta Turner za ta bar Burtaniya, Jaridar The Guardian, 4 ga Yuni 2006
 Turners sun haɗu don ceton babban aikin fasaha, BBC News, 7 Disamba 2006
 Rigi Mai Shuɗi, Fitowar Rana ta JMW Turner, Asusun Fasaha
 Joseph Mallord William Turner, RA (1775-1851), The Blue Rigi: Lake of Lucerne, Sunrise, Christies, 5 Yuni 2006
 A Tate Britain, Peter Campbell, London Review of Books, Vol. 29, No. 5, shafi na 8, 8 Maris 2007
 Red Rigi, Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Victoria
 Red Rigi, Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Victoria
 Fitar da Abubuwan da ke da Alaƙa da Al'adu, 2006-07, Sashen Al'adu, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Wasanni, Disamba 2007
 Sharhi: 'Late Turner' a Tate Britain, Martin Oldham, mujallar Apollo, 15 Satumba 2014