Tsarin kasuwar muhalli mai gaskiya

A cikin tattalin arziki, tsarin kasuwa gaskiya na muhalli (abbr. kasuwar gaskiya) yana nufin kasuwa wanda ke nuna farashin muhalli da lafiyar muhalli kamar ƙarancin albarkatu da gurɓata.

 Abubuwan waje 
Babban fasalin tsarin kasuwar gaskiya na muhalli shine kula da mummunan abubuwan waje. Kamfanoni da ke aiki a cikin tsarin kasuwar kyauta ba tare da tsari ba suna biyan kuɗin masu zaman kansu na ayyukansu - farashin kai tsaye wanda aka karɓa a matsayin mahimmanci ga ƙera samfuran su. Koyaya, suna kuma samar da farashi na waje, ko mummunan abubuwan waje; ƙarin farashi da aka kirkira yayin tsari, wanda ba mai siye ko mai siyarwa ba ne kuma an bar su ga wasu su biya.US Environmental Protection Agency (2012) [4] Retrieved 26 October 2014

An ba da shawarar cewa a yau, tare da kasuwannin duniya waɗanda ke da yawan bangarorin da ke hulɗa a matsayin masu siye da masu siyarwa, farashin waje, na kai tsaye na samarwa na iya wuce farashin ciki. Misali, farashin kai tsaye na ƙone kwal, kamar gurɓataccen iska, Ruwan sama mai zafi, lalacewar yanayin halittu da Canjin yanayi na iya wuce farashin kai tsaye wanda kamfanin ke biya, wato farashin hakar ma'adinai da sufuri.

 Samun tsarin kasuwar muhalli mai gaskiya 
Yayinda ra'ayin tattalin arziki na gargajiya ke tallafawa ra'ayin cewa albarkatun muhalli wani abu ne na tsarin tattalin arzikin ɗan adam, masana Tattalin arzikin muhalli suna jayayya cewa tsarin tattalin arziki shine tsarin tsarin halittu. Masu goyon bayan tattalin arzikin muhalli sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa albarkatun duniya sun ƙare, ci gaba mai ɗorewa yana da mahimmanci ga nasarar tattalin arziki ta gaba, kuma cewa ainihin farashin ayyukan kasuwa, gami da mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya da muhalli, ya kamata a nuna shi a cikin farashi na gaskiya (cikakken farashi). Akwai dabaru daban-daban da masana tattalin arzikin muhalli suka ba da shawarar na iya ƙirƙirar kasuwa mai gaskiya.

 Harajin muhalli 
alt=A demand curve diagram illustrating the concept of a negative externality.|thumb|Lokacin da aka samar da abubuwan waje, kamar hayaki mai guba a cikin misalinmu, ba a lissafa cikakken farashin zamantakewa ba, ma'ana za a saita farashin sosai, kuma yawan da aka cinye zai fi girma fiye da matakin mafi kyau na zamantakewa, kamar yadda a lokacin Qp. An saita harajin Pigouvian daidai da darajar waje don farashin ya tashi don nuna cikakken farashin samarwa, kuma buƙatun ya ragu zuwa Qs, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar canjin wadata zuwa hagu.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka dace na magance abubuwan waje shine ta hanyar shiga tsakani na gwamnati, tare da sanya harajin muhalli ko 'kore'. Ɗauki, alal misali, shuka wanda ke fitar da hayaki mai guba a cikin tsarin narkewar jan ƙarfe. Wadannan hayaki suna haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya ga mutanen da ke zaune a kusa da shuka, zuwa jimlar x dala a kowace tan na fitar da jan ƙarfe. Masu mallakar shuka ba su da wani alhakin rufe waɗannan farashin sabili da haka ba a haɗa su a cikin lissafin farashi na masu zaman kansu ba; wannan yana nufin fitarwa yana faruwa a matakin da farashin zamantakewa ya wuce farashin masu zaman kansu kuma matakin fitarwa ya wuce adadin wanda ke da fa'ida ga al'umma. Ana iya magance wannan gazawar kasuwa tare da gabatar da Harajin Pigouvian, inda gwamnati ta sanya haraji a kan ko dai fitarwa (kayan jan ƙarfe da aka samar), ko shigarwa (kwal da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin narkewa). Matsayin harajin ya kamata ya yi daidai da matakin mummunan abubuwan waje, don haka masu samarwa yanzu suna da alhakin cikakken farashin ayyukansu da fitarwa sun faɗi zuwa matakin mafi kyau na zamantakewa.

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