Ma'adanai na ruwa na kasar Sin

Albarkatun ruwa na kasar Sin na fama da matsalar karancin ruwa da karuwar yawan jama'a da saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki da kuma rashin kula da muhalli ya karu a babban sikelin bukatar ruwa da gurbatar yanayi. Kasar Sin ta mayar da martani da matakan da suka hada da hanzarta gina hanyoyin samar da ruwa da kuma kara yin ka'idoji tare da lalubo hanyoyin warware wasu fasahohi da dama.

Sakamakon ci gaban tattalin arziki da yawan jama'a, kasar Sin na daya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da ruwa a duniya. Kasar Sin na janye ruwa kusan mita biliyan 600 a duk shekara. Kasar ta zarce Amurka da murabba'in kubik biliyan 120 sannan ta yi kasa da Indiya da mita biliyan 160. Saboda wannan dalili, manufofin cikin gida na kasar Sin sun kasance daya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci a cikin kasa da kasa.

Batutuwan da suka shafi ingancin ruwa da yawa suna iya zama mahimman abubuwan da ke iyakance ci gaban tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa na kasar Sin.

 Yawan ruwa 

 Bayarwa 
albarkatun ruwa na kasar Sin sun hada da cubic kilomita 2598.44 kuma albarkatun ruwan kasa sun kai cubic kilomita 792.44 a shekarar 2022. Yayin da ruwan famfo ke jawo ruwa daga koguna da ke kusa, jimlar albarkatun da ke akwai ƙasa da jimlar ruwa da ruwa na ƙasa, kuma wannan ya kai 2708.81 cubic kilomita. Kimanin kashi 80% na waɗannan albarkatun suna cikin Kudancin China. A cikin 2016, kashi 82% na jimlar ruwa na kasar Sin ruwa ne, amma kashi 18% ne kawai ruwa na karkashin kasa. Yankin arewacin kasar Sin ya dogara da ruwan kasa fiye da kudancin saboda karancin ruwan sama.

An samu ci gaba cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata wajen samarwa al'ummarta ingantaccen ruwan sha. A cewar MDD, kusan kashi daya bisa hudu na ci gaban da aka samu a duniya a wannan fanni ya faru ne a kasar Sin, inda 'yan kasar miliyan 457 suka samu ingantaccen ruwa da ingancin ruwa daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2010. MDD ta danganta wannan ci gaban da karuwar tsarin bututun ruwa, wanda ya nuna muhimmancin manufofin cikin gida.

 Rashin ruwa 
Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya ta lissafa da yawa daga cikin yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a na kasar Sin a matsayin suna fuskantar babban (kashi 40 - 80% na ruwan kasa da ake sabuntawa a duk shekara) ko kuma matsananciyar damuwa ta ruwa (>80%). WRI ta kuma kimanta irin wannan yanki na ƙasar a cikin kewayon 3 zuwa 5 akan ma'aunin haɗarin ruwa gabaɗaya, ma'auni na ƙididdigar ƙima da ƙima iri-iri. Batutuwan da suka shafi ingancin ruwa da yawansu na iya zama dalilai na farko da za su iya hana ci gaban tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa na kasar Sin.Wang, Qiang; Jiang, Rui; Li, Rongrong (2018). "Decoupling analysis of economic growth from water use in City: A case study of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou of China". Sustainable Cities and Society. 41: 86–94. Bibcode:2018SusCS..41...86W. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.05.010. ISSN 2210-6707. S2CID 115516809.
A shekarar 2022, kogin Yangtze ya fuskanci fari mai tsanani, lamarin da ya sa kogin ya ragu zuwa matsayi mafi karanci tun shekara ta 1865. An tilasta wa kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na Sichuan rufe ko rage yawan amfanin da suke fitarwa.

 Bukatar 
Amfani da ruwa na kowane mutum a kasar Sin ya wuce kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na matsakaicin duniya, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin talauci na ruwa. Yawan jama'ar kasar Sin kusan kashi 18% ne na jimlar duniya amma kawai yana da kashi 6% na albarkatun ruwa na duniya.

Jimlar amfani da ruwa ya kasance 599.82 cubic kilomita a cikin 2022, ko kuma kimanin 20% na albarkatun sabuntawa.Qiu, Yaqin; Hao, Chunfeng; Jia, Ling; Shen, Yingying; Liu, Haiying; Wang, Zhuoran (November 2023). "Status, variation, development, and utilization of water resources in China". River. 2 (4): 480–489. Bibcode:2023River...2..480Q. doi:10.1002/rvr2.70. ISSN 2750-4867. A shekara ta 2006, an yi ban ruwa da murabba'in kilomita 626,000.
+Amfani da ruwa na shekara-shekara ta amfani (2022) Qiu, Yaqin; Hao, Chunfeng; Jia, Ling; Shen, Yingying; Liu, Haiying; Wang, Zhuoran (November 2023). "Status, variation, development, and utilization of water resources in China". River. 2 (4): 480–489. Bibcode:2023River...2..480Q. doi:10.1002/rvr2.70. ISSN 2750-4867.Amfani da shiAmfani (km3) %A cikin gida90.5715.1Masana'antu96.8416.2sanyaya tashar wutar lantarki 
(wanda aka haɗa a cikin masana'antu)  48.27 -Aikin noma378.1363.0Gudanar da sake kula da muhalli34.255.7
A tarihi an kwatanta amfani da ruwa a kasar Sin a matsayin rashin inganci, ko da yake tun 1997 amfani da ruwa a cikin RMB 10,000 na GDP da kuma amfani da ruwa a cikin RMB 10,000 na karin darajar masana'antu ya ragu sosai. Tsakanin 1997 da 2022, amfani da ruwa ga kowane mu mai ban ruwa na ƙasar noma ya ragu daga 492 zuwa 364 m³. Gabaɗaya amfani da ruwan kowane mutum ya kasance barga.Qiu, Yaqin; Hao, Chunfeng; Jia, Ling; Shen, Yingying; Liu, Haiying; Wang, Zhuoran (November 2023). "Status, variation, development, and utilization of water resources in China". River. 2 (4): 480–489. Bibcode:2023River...2..480Q. doi:10.1002/rvr2.70. ISSN 2750-4867.

 Adanawa 
Manyan tafkunan ruwa guda 753 da tafkunan matsakaita 3896 da suka bayar da kididdiga a shekarar 2022 sun kai 418.07 m³ karfin ajiya a karshen waccan shekarar. A daidai wannan ranar, tabkuna sun ba da rahoton 144.99 biliyan m³ na ajiyar ruwa.Qiu, Yaqin; Hao, Chunfeng; Jia, Ling; Shen, Yingying; Liu, Haiying; Wang, Zhuoran (November 2023). "Status, variation, development, and utilization of water resources in China". River. 2 (4): 480–489. Bibcode:2023River...2..480Q. doi:10.1002/rvr2.70. ISSN 2750-4867.

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