Harshen Libyco-Berber

Harshen Libyco-Berber tsarin rubutu ne na abjad wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin karni na farko BC ta mutane daban-daban na Berber na Arewacin Afirka da Tsibirin Canary, don rubuta tsoffin nau'ikan harshen Berber kamar Harshen Numidian.

Amfani da haruffa na Libyco-Berber ya mutu a yankunan arewa a lokacin ko bayan mulkin Daular Romawa da Daular Byzantine, amma ya bazu kudu zuwa hamadar Sahara kuma ya samo asali a can a cikin haruffa Tuareg Tifinagh da Tuareg Berbers ke amfani da shi har zuwa yau.

Har ila yau an san shi da Rubutun Numidian ko Tsohon rubutun Libya, batun shine kauce wa zaton cewa Numidian yana da ci gaba tare da kowane yaren Berber na zamani.

 Asalin 
Asalin rubutun Libyco-Berber har yanzu ana muhawara ta masu bincike na ilimi. Babban ra'ayoyin game da asalinsa sun nuna shi a matsayin ko dai an canza shi sosai na haruffa na Phoenician, ko kuma wani abu da aka kirkira na gida wanda ya rinjayi na ƙarshe,  tare da ra'ayi mafi goyan baya shine cewa ya samo asali ne daga samfurin gida wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar Phoenician ko archaic Semitic model.  Sauran bayanin da ba za a iya tsammani ba sun haɗa da tasirin Girkanci, Punic ko Kudancin Larabawa.

Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin bambance-bambance da aka sani na rubutun an samo shi a rubuce-rubuce a Dugga wanda ya kasance daga zamanin Numidian.

 Bambance-bambance 
Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na rubutun Libyco-Berber; wasu binciken sun raba waɗannan bambance-nunen zuwa gabas da yamma, yayin da wasu suka gano fiye da 25 "harsuna" da aka haɗa a cikin iyalai 5 daban-daban.

The eastern variant was used in what is now Constantine and the Aurès regions of Algeria and in Tunisia, and to an extent Kabylia. It is the best-deciphered variant, due to the discovery of several Numidian bilingual inscriptions in Libyco-Berber and Punic (notably so-called KAI 100 and 101 at Dougga in Tunisia). Since 1843, 22 letters out of the 24 have been deciphered.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span>]

An yi amfani da bambancin Yammacin tare da gabar Bahar Rum daga Kabylia zuwa Tsibirin Canary. Ya yi amfani da ƙarin haruffa 13. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2002, yawancin bambancin Yamma ba a bayyana su ba. An kuma lura da alamun bambancin Yammacin da za a yi amfani da su a hade tare da yiwuwar hotuna dabbobi.

 Rubuce-rubuce 
Ana samun rubutun Libyco-Berber a cikin dubban rubutun dutse da zane-zane a ko'ina cikin Maroko, arewacin Aljeriya, Tunisiya, arewacin Libya da tsibirin Canary, tare da rubuce-rubuce na bambancin Saharan daga baya (na canji) a cikin dutsen dutse a Mali da Nijar.

Baya ga dubban ƙananan rubuce-rubuce, wasu sanannun rubuce-buce na Libyco-Berber suna cikin Haikali na Massinissa (wanda aka gano a 1904) da kuma Yarima Ateban Mausoleum a Dougga / Thugga (TBGG), arewacin Tunisia. Sauran mahimman rubutun Libyco-Berber sune Azib N'Ikkis  da Oukaimeden,  dukansu an samo su a cikin tsaunukan High-Atlas na Morocco.
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