Rikicin cikin gida a Chile

Rikicin cikin gida a Chile (wanda ake kira tashin hankali na cikin gida) matsala ce mai yawa tun daga shekara ta 2004.  Rikicin cikin gida yana kwatanta tashin hankali daga abokin tarayya ko wasu 'yan uwa, ba tare da la'akari da wurin da tashin hankali ke faruwa ba.

 Yankin 
Rikicin da aka yi wa mata ya kasance a duk faɗin al'ummar Chilean a shekarar 1994. Ya zuwa farkon shekarun 1990s, an ruwaito cewa tashin hankali na gida yana shafar kusan kashi hamsin cikin dari na mata a Chile. Dukkanin zamantakewar al'umma da tattalin arziki suna fama da tashin hankali na gida, tare da wasu kungiyoyi da ke da yawan tashin hankali na cikin gida fiye da wasu. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, binciken ƙasa na Chile na 2003 ya nuna cewa kashi 25-30% na kisan mata yana faruwa a gida.

Wani binciken da aka yi a 2004 na Hukumar Mata ta Kasa ta Chile (SERNAM) ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 50 cikin 100 na matan da suka yi aure sun sha wahala daga cin zarafin mata, kashi 34 cikin 100 sun ba da rahoton cin zarafin jiki, kuma kashi 16 cikin 100 sun bayar da rahoton cinikin tunani (2007). Tsakanin Janairu da Nuwamba 2005, an ba da rahoton shari'o'i 76,000 na tashin hankali na iyali ga 'yan sanda; mata 67,913, maza 6,404, kuma kimanin 1,000 daga yara. Mata a bayyane suke mafi kusantar zama wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali a cikin gida, amma wasu 'yan uwa ma suna cikin haɗarin cin zarafi.

An yarda cewa akwai dogon tarihi na cin zarafin jima'i a cikin cocin Katolika na kasar.

 Yanayin tashin hankali na cikin gida 
Rikicin cikin gida na iya zama na jiki, na tunani, na motsin rai, na baki, ko na jima'i. Maza ko mata na iya zama masu laifi, amma bincike ya nuna cewa mata suna fama da cin zarafin da maza suka yi musu. A cikin tarihi, al'umma ta kalli mata a matsayin masu ƙasƙanci ga maza, suna barin su da saukin cin zarafin abokan aikinsu maza. Bugu da ƙari, an kalli gidan a matsayin ainihin ma'aikata mai zaman kanta, yana hana 'Yan majalisa ci gaba da manufofi game da tashin hankali na gida. Tare da mutane da yawa da suka zaɓi su dubi wata hanya lokacin da suka koyi game da tashin hankali na gida, wannan matsala ta ci gaba kuma tana iya zama da wahala a magance ta. Ra'ayi ne na kowa cewa baƙi, musamman 'yan majalisa, bai kamata su tsoma baki cikin irin waɗannan batutuwa masu zaman kansu kamar tashin hankali a gida ba. Girman Yunkurin mata a Chile, kamar yadda yake a wasu wurare, ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a kuma ya haifar da damuwa a matakin kasa da kasa.

 Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa 

 Abubuwan tattalin arziki 
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga tashin hankali na gida sune abubuwan gida, al'umma da al'umma, da kuma abubuwan mutum. Abubuwan da ke cikin gida sun haɗa da girman, yawa da tarihin tashin hankali. Abubuwan al'umma da zamantakewa sun haɗa da tashin hankali na kafofin watsa labarai, matakin talauci, yawan aikata laifuka, da yanayin muhalli. A ƙarshe, abubuwan da suka shafi mutum sune matakin ilimi, jinsi, shekaru, da matsayi na aiki. Wani binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 1999 ta hanyar masu ilimin halayyar dan adam ya gano cewa tashin hankali dabi'a ce da aka koya kuma ana ba da ita ta hanyar tsararraki. Bayyanawa ga tashin hankali a farkon yaro yana ƙara haɗarin mutum ya zama tashin hankali a gidansu.

A shekara ta 2004, kashi 44% na yawan mutanen Chile suna rayuwa cikin talauci, kuma binciken ya nuna cewa matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa suna da alaƙa da tashin hankali na gida. Bugu da ƙari, binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2003 ya gano cewa talauci, da karuwar abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa waɗanda galibi ke tare da talauci, suna ƙara saukin mata na Chile ga cin zarafin gida.Ceballo, Rosario; Ramirez, Cynthia; Castillo, Marcela; Caballero, Gabriela Alejandra; Lozoff, Betsy (December 2004). "Domestic Violence and Women's Mental Health in Chile". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 28 (4): 298–308. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00147.x. ISSN 0361-6843. Don haka, yayin da tashin hankali na gida ke faruwa a duk azuzuwan, ya fi yawa a cikin gidaje matalauta. A Chile, an gano cewa iyalai da ke fuskantar tashin hankali a cikin gida yawanci suna warewa kuma ba su da alaƙa ta tallafi tsakanin al'ummomin da suke zaune.Arón, A. M.; Lorion, R. P. (2003). "A case report of a community-based response to domestic violence in Chile". American Journal of Community Psychology. 31 (6): 561–579. doi:10.1002/jcop.10069. hdl:10533/197288.

Ƙididdigar talauci a cikin Chile, dangane da damar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da halayyar haɗari na iyalai masu zaman kansu da ke zaune a cikin unguwanni marasa galihu, an haɗa su da mafi girman tashin hankali na gida. A wasu sassan duniya, akwai wasu shaidu na baya-bayan nan don tallafawa rage tashin hankali a lokuta inda mata ke da dukiya. Kasancewa da ƙasa ko gida yana nuna zaɓi na mace don fita daga dangantaka ta tashin hankali kuma yana hana tashin hankali na aure. A Chile, mata da maza masu aure suna da daidaitattun hakkoki ga dukiyarsu bayan kisan aure ko kuma idan matar ta mutu.

A cikin yankunan karkara na Chile, gado shine babbar hanyar da maza da mata ke samun ƙasa, ko ƙasar tana da lakabi ko a'a. Wani lokaci mata ba za su iya da'awar gadonsu ga ƙasa ba tare da lakabi ba saboda farashin takardun shari'a ya yi yawa. Ba a ga irin wannan tasirin a kan tashin hankali na gida ta hanyar aikin mata kadai ba, tunda mallakar gida ko ƙasa yana ba da zaɓi na tserewa nan take. Mallaka na ƙasa na iya ba da ƙarfi ga mata, wani abu wanda, da kansa, an nuna shi don rage tashin hankali na gida.Panda, Pradeep; Agarwal, Bina (May 2005). "Marital violence, human development and women's property status in India". World Development. 33 (5): 823–850. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.01.009. Yayin da waɗannan abubuwan suka haɗu, haɗarin mata ya karu kuma sun zama masu saukin kamuwa da tashin hankali na gida.

 Abubuwan al'adu 
Har zuwa shekara ta 1989, Dokar Jama'a ta Chile ta ba da izini ga mazajen mallakar da iko a kan matansu, Ceballo, Rosario; Ramirez, Cynthia; Castillo, Marcela; Caballero, Gabriela Alejandra; Lozoff, Betsy (December 2004). "Domestic Violence and Women's Mental Health in Chile". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 28 (4): 298–308. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00147.x. ISSN 0361-6843. yana ba maza iko a kan abokan aikinsu mata kuma yana haifar da cin zarafi a cikin gida. Ana iya ganin wannan ƙarfin ikon da aka kirkira ta hanyar imani na al'adu a duk duniya kuma ba a ware shi zuwa Chile ba. Imani cewa matan Chile sun fi jure wa tashin hankali na maza fiye da sauran mata ya hana masu tsara manufofi ci gaba da adawa da tashin hankali na gida.Culliton, K. M. (January 1994). "Legal remedies for domestic violence in Chile & the US--Cultural relativism, myths & realities". Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2018-04-23. Wannan imani ya bar matan Chile ba tare da kariya ba kuma an makale su a cikin gidaje masu cin zarafi. Saboda abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin gida an kalli su a matsayin al'amuran iyali masu zaman kansu, a tarihi, an yarda da tashin hankali na gida a cikin al'umma da al'adu a cikin al-ummar Chile.Arón, A. M.; Lorion, R. P. (2003). "A case report of a community-based response to domestic violence in Chile". American Journal of Community Psychology. 31 (6): 561–579. doi:10.1002/jcop.10069. hdl:10533/197288.

 Tasirin Tattalin Arziki 
Rikicin cikin gida yana tasiri ga Tattalin arzikin Chile kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye. Chile tana da ƙananan matakan mata masu aiki. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2011 ya gano cewa yayin da kusan kashi 75% na matan Amurka ke aiki a matsayin masu biyan kuɗi, kashi 43% na mata a Chile suna aiki a matsayin marasa aiki. Yawancin kwanakin rashin lafiya suna ɗaukar abokan hulɗa da aka yi wa duka, raguwar yawan aikin gida, da ƙaruwar farashin kiwon lafiya. Karin farashin kiwon lafiya ana danganta shi da ziyarar dakin gaggawa, sabis na kiwon lafiya na hankali, magani, da kuma maganin jiki (2011).  Adalci na aikata laifuka da farashin ayyukan zamantakewa suna ƙaruwa tare da yawan tashin hankali na cikin gida, amma binciken ya gano cewa shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyyar shiga tsakani ko hana tashin hankali na gida suna da tsada sosai.

 Tasirin kai tsaye 
Tattalin arzikin Chile yana da tasiri ta hanyar tashin hankali na gida a hanyoyi da yawa. Wadannan kudade sun hada da karuwar kudade kan maganin likita, ayyukan 'yan sanda, tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka, da ayyukan zamantakewa.Khan, M. (2000). "Domestic violence against women and girls" (PDF). Unicef. Innocenti Research Centre. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical Raunin da aka samu daga cin zarafi yana haifar da ƙarin ziyarar dakin gaggawa, kwantar da hankali a asibiti, da kuma maganin cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i. Ana ciyar da karin lokaci ta hanyar tilasta bin doka don amsa kiran tashin hankali na cikin gida, kuma ana ƙara farashin tsarin shari'a na aikata laifuka saboda shari'ar kotu ta tashin hankali na gida, wanda zai iya haifar, bi da bi, ga farashin kurkuku.

 Tasirin da ba a kai tsaye ba 
Tare da karuwar tashin hankali na cikin gida, samun kuɗi ya ragu, yawan aiki a wurin aiki ya ragu, kuma shiga kasuwar aiki ya ragu.[1] Wani binciken da aka gudanar a 1999 a Santiago, Chile, ya gano cewa matan da aka zalunta ba su da damar yin aiki a waje da gida.[2] Wani binciken da aka gudanar a Santiago, wanda aka gudanar a shekara ta 2000, ya kiyasta cewa matan da ba su sha wahala ba sun sami matsakaicin US $ 385 a kowane wata yayin da matan da suka fuskanci tashin hankali a gida suka sami US $ 150 kawai a kowane wata.[1] Wannan binciken ya nuna mummunar tasirin tattalin arziki na tashin hankali na gida a gida.￼￼

 Tasirin da ke faruwa a kan Mata 

 Tasirin Zuciya da Zuciya 
Cin zarafin gida yana cutar da mata a hankali da tunani a Chile. Wasu tasirin da cin zarafin gida ke da shi a kan lafiyar kwakwalwar mace a Chile sun hada da Mawuyacin hali da PTSD. Mawuyacin hali ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin matan Chile saboda yana da alaƙa da tashin hankali na jiki da na jima'i. Mata na Chile ma suna fuskantar PTSD saboda gidaje masu cin zarafi da kuma wasu manyan masu tashin hankali.Ceballo, Rosario; Ramirez, Cynthia; Castillo, Marcela; Caballero, Gabriela Alejandra; Lozoff, Betsy (December 2004). "Domestic Violence and Women's Mental Health in Chile". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 28 (4): 298–308. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00147.x. ISSN 0361-6843.

 Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 
Wani shingen ya haifar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na Chile, wanda aka soki shi saboda ci gaba da wulakanta wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na gida da kuma rage raunin, duk da cewa a yau doka ta buƙaci su bayar da rahoton sanannun shari'o'in cin zarafin jiki ga tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka.Culliton, K. M. (January 1994). "Legal remedies for domestic violence in Chile & the US--Cultural relativism, myths & realities". Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

 Dokar cin zarafin yara ta 2019 
A cikin 2019, a cikin rikice-rikicen jima'i da ke gudana a cikin Cocin Katolika na Chile, an zartar da doka don cire dokar iyakancewa kan bayar da rahoton cin zarafin jima'i ga yara a duk faɗin Chile. Dokar, wacce ba ta aiki ba, an fara gabatar da ita ne a shekarar 2010.

 Dubi kuma 

 Mata a Chile
 Laifi a Chile

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba