Newyorkitis

Newyorkitis littafi ne na 1901 na likitan fiɗa John H. Girdner yana kwatanta "yanayin hankali, jiki, da rai" da ya gani a tsakanin marasa lafiya da ke zaune a gundumar New York City na Manhattan. 

 John Harvey Girdner (marubuci) 
John H. Girdner (Maris 8, 1856 - Oktoba 27, 1933)  fitaccen likitan fiɗa ne na New York kuma abokin fitaccen likitan fiɗa ne Frank Hamilton. Dukansu Girdner da Hamilton sun yi wa Shugaba James Garfield magani bayan an harbe Garfield a 1881. Girdner shi ne ya kirkiri "binciken harsashi na wayar tarho" da aka fara amfani da shi kafin haskoki na farko na x-ray [ƙarin bayanin da ake buƙata], kuma ya kasance majagaba wajen gyaran fata. Ya koyar a makarantun likitanci kuma shine marubucin labarai na satirical da falsafa da yawa don mujallu. 

 "Rashin lafiya" 
Girdner ya danganta nau'o'in bayyanar cututtuka na jiki don rayuwa a Manhattan, ciki har da hangen nesa wanda ya haifar da kasancewar gine-gine a kowane bangare, kunnuwa suna fushi da surutu akai-akai, da kuma "sauri da damuwa da rashin tunani a cikin dukkanin motsin tsoka."  Dyroff, Charles (10 February 2020). "An Inflammation of Place". Lapham’s Quarterly. Retrieved 15 February 2020. Alamomin Newyorkitis kuma sun haɗa da "gaggawa, rashin kunya, rashin natsuwa, girman kai, raini, tashin hankali, damuwa, neman sabon abu da girman kai, tunanin sanin kowa, don haka fifiko, wanda ba shakka yana lalata duk wani jin daɗi da aka ɗauka a cikin sabon abu."

An bayyana 'Newyorkitis' a matsayin "satirical" a cikin obituaries a lokacin mutuwar Girdner,   kuma a cikin sake dubawa a lokacin bugawa. Binciken Brooklyn Eagle''' ya ce "yawancin mutane sun bayyana cewa wani abu ne na sarcasm, ko satire, yana gudana a cikin littafin", kuma wani bita ya bayyana shi a matsayin " satire mai ban dariya. "  The Kansas City Press'' ya lura a cikin 1901: "Muna zaton cewa marubucin ya yi niyyar littafinsa a matsayin babban zargi game da yanayin New York, duk da haka ba zai yiwu ba wanda ke da jin dadi ya iya karanta littafin ba tare da godiya ga satire ba, ko da gangan ba. "The New York Times ya bayyana a cikin harshen iyali-cheek". Ba'a da lardin rayuwa a Birnin New York. "

Labarin Lapham's Quarterly na 2020, duk da haka, ya lura cewa manema labarai "sun ga shaidar cutar Girdner a ko'ina." Dyroff, Charles (10 February 2020). "An Inflammation of Place". Lapham’s Quarterly. Retrieved 15 February 2020. Wani talifi na New York Tribune a kan “Newyorkitis” ya ruwaito a shekara ta 1905 cewa “akwai lokuta dubu uku na maza da suka mutu ko kuma suka mutu ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya karu da ɗari biyar fiye da kowace shekara da ta shige.”  A cikin 1908, Tribune ya ba da rahoton cewa ana ba da magani ga yanayin a YMCA na New York.  An bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin ilimin halin dan Adam wanda aka yi amfani da shi kai tsaye ga yanayin da ba a saba ba na kasuwancin birni da zamantakewa".

Tun da farko, a cikin 1881, masanin ilimin jijiyoyin jiki na New York George M. Beard ya rubuta cewa wayewa, lokacin da aka haɗa shi da "ƙarfin tururi, jaridu na lokaci-lokaci, telegraph, kimiyyar kimiyya da tunani na mata", ya kawo damuwa da damuwa ga mazauna birane.

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