Harshen Ipai

Ipai, wanda aka fi sani da 'Iipai ko Arewacin Diegueño, yare ne na 'yan asalin Amurka da mutanen Kumeyaay na tsakiyar San Diego County, California ke magana. Farfesa Leanne Hinton ya ba da shawarar kimantawa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na masu magana da harshen Ipai 25 da suka tsira.

Ipai, also known as 'Iipai or Northern Diegueño, is the Native American language spoken by the Kumeyaay people of central San Diego County, California. Professor Leanne Hinton suggested a conservative estimate of 25 surviving Ipai speakers.

Ipai na cikin dangin yaren Yuman da kuma reshen Delta-California na wannan iyali. Ipai da maƙwabtanta a kudu, Kumeyaay da Tipai, galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin yaruka na yaren Diegueño guda ɗaya, amma yarjejeniyar yanzu tsakanin masu ilimin harshe suna da alama cewa aƙalla harsuna uku daban-daban suna cikin jerin yaren (misali, Langdon 1990). Abin rikitarwa, ana amfani da Kumeyaay a matsayin alama ga harshen tsakiya a cikin wannan iyali da kuma mutanen Ipai-Kumeyaay-Tipai gaba ɗaya.

Takardun da aka buga don yaren Ipai sun haɗa da nassoshi da koyarwa, ƙamus, da matani da yawa (cf. Mithun 1999:578).

Babu daidaitattun orthography don Ipai, kuma ana mai da hankali kan furta maimakon bayanin kula. 

 Takardun 
Ana ci gaba da yunkurin farfado da harshe ga Santa Ysabel Iipaay Aa. Ana samun darussan ta hanyar Kwalejin Al'umma ta Kumeyaay tare da Kwalejin Jama'a ta Cuyamaca .  Har ila yau, akwai shirin nutsewar harshe.

 Bayani 

 Manazarta 

 Couro, Ted da Christina Hutcheson. 1973. Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño; 'Iipay Aa-Turanci/Turanci-'IipayAa, Malki Museum Press, California.
 [Hotuna a shafi na 9] 1975. Bari muyi magana 'Iipay Aa: Gabatarwa ga harshen Mesa Grande Diegueño, Malki Museum Press, California.
 Hinton, Leanne. 1994. Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages . Littattafan Heyday, Berkeley, California.
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 1970. A Grammar of Diegueño: The Mesa Grande Dialect . Jami'ar California Press, Berkeley, California.
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 1990. "Diegueño: harsuna nawa ne?" A cikin Ayyukan Hokan-Penutian Languages Workshop na 1990, wanda James E. Redden ya shirya, shafuffuka 184-190. Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois, Carbondale . 
 Mithun, Marianne 1999. Harsunan 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka. Jami'ar Cambridge Press.

 Haɗin waje 

 Misali na asali na Mesa Grande Ipai a cikin Global Lexicostatistical Database
 'Iipay Aa darussan da ƙamus