Abdul Karim (Munshi)

Mohammed Abdul Karim (1863 - 20 Afrilu 1909), wanda aka fi sani da "Munshi", ya kasance mai kula da Sarauniya Victoria. Ya yi mata hidima a cikin shekaru 14 na ƙarshe na mulkinta, yana samun ƙaunar mahaifiyarta a wannan lokacin.

An haifi Karim ɗan mataimakin asibiti a Lalitpur, kusa da Jhansi a Indiya ta Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1887, shekarar Jubilee na Zinariya na Victoria, Karim na ɗaya daga cikin Indiyawan biyu da aka zaba don zama bayin Sarauniya. Victoria ta zo tana son shi sosai kuma ta ba shi taken "Munshi" ("malami" ko "malami"). Victoria ta nada shi ya zama Sakataren Indiya, ta ba shi girmamawa, kuma ta sami kyautar ƙasa a Indiya.

Dangantakar platonic ta kusa  tsakanin Karim da Sarauniya ta haifar da rikici a cikin Gidan sarauta, sauran mambobinsu sun ji sun fi shi. Sarauniyar ta nace kan ɗaukar Karim tare da ita a kan tafiye-tafiyenta, wanda ya haifar da muhawara tsakanin ita da sauran masu kula da ita. Bayan mutuwar Victoria a 1901, magajinta, Edward VII, ya dawo da Karim zuwa Indiya kuma ya ba da umarnin kwace da lalata wasikar Munshi da Victoria. Karim daga baya ya zauna a hankali kusa da Agra, a kan dukiyar da Victoria ta shirya masa, har zuwa mutuwarsa yana da shekaru 46.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Mohammed Abdul Karim a cikin iyalin Musulmi a Lalitpur kusa da Jhansi a 1863.  Mahaifinsa, Haji Mohammed Waziruddin, mataimakin asibiti ne wanda aka ajiye tare da Doki na Indiya ta Tsakiya, rundunar sojan doki ta Burtaniya. Karim yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Abdul Aziz, da ƙanƙanta mata huɗu. An koya masa Farisa da Urdu a asirce  kuma, a matsayin matashi, ya yi tafiya a fadin Arewacin Indiya da Afghanistan.  Mahaifin Karim ya shiga cikin tafiyar ƙarshe zuwa Kandahar, wanda ya kawo karshen Yaƙin Anglo-Afghan na biyu, a watan Agustan 1880. Bayan yakin, mahaifin Karim ya sauya Hagar Tsakiyar Indiya zuwa matsayin farar hula a Babban Kurkukun a Agra, yayin da Karim ya yi aiki a matsayin vakil (" wakili" ko "wakilin") ga Nawab na Jaora a cikin Hukumar Agar. Bayan shekaru uku a Agar, Karim ya yi murabus kuma ya koma Agra, don ya zama magatakarda a kurkuku. Mahaifinsa ya shirya aure tsakanin Karim da 'yar'uwar wani ma'aikaci.

 Ma'aikacin sarauta 
alt=impressionistic painting of the Munshi, standing and turned to show his right profile|left|thumb|Munshi a cikin zanen da Laurits Tuxen ya yi, wanda Sarauniya Victoria ta ba da umarni, 1887. Tarin Sarauta.
Bayan tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa daga Agra zuwa Bombay da kuma jirgin ruwa zuwa Burtaniya, Karim da Buksh sun isa Windsor Castle a watan Yunin 1887.  An sanya su a ƙarƙashin cajin Manjo-Janar Dennehy kuma sun fara bauta wa Sarauniya a karin kumallo a Gidan Frogmore a Windsor a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1887. Sarauniyar ta bayyana Karim a cikin rubutunta na wannan rana: "Wani, ƙarami, ya fi sauƙi [fi Buksh], tsayi, kuma yana da kyakkyawan kyan gani. Mahaifinsa likita ne a Agra. Dukansu sun sumbace ƙafafuna. "

Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, Sarauniya ta lura cewa "Indians koyaushe suna jira yanzu kuma suna yin hakan, da kyau da kuma a hankali. "  A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, ta rubuta: "Ina koyon wasu kalmomi na Hindu don yin magana da bayin na. Yana da matukar sha'awa a gare ni ga harshe da mutane, ba ni taɓa yin hulɗa da gaske da baya ba. " A ranar 20 ga watan Agustan tana da wasu "mafi kyawun curry" wanda ɗayan bayin ya yi. A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta Karim tana koyar da Urdu,  wanda ta yi amfani da shi yayin masu sauraro a watan Disamba don gaishe da Maharani Chimnabai na Baroda. 

Victoria ta yi matukar sha'awar Karim kuma ta ba da umarnin cewa a ba shi ƙarin koyarwa a cikin harshen Ingilishi. A watan Fabrairun 1888 ya "koyi Turanci da ban mamaki" a cewar Victoria. Bayan ya koka wa Sarauniya cewa ya kasance magatakarda a Indiya kuma ta haka ne aikin maras kyau a matsayin mai ba da abinci ya kasance a ƙarƙashinsa, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin "Munshi" a watan Agustan shekara ta 1888. A cikin mujallarta, Sarauniya ta rubuta cewa ta yi wannan canji don ya zauna: "Musamman ina so in riƙe ayyukansa yayin da yake taimaka mini wajen nazarin Hindustani, wanda ke sha'awar ni sosai, & yana da basira sosai & amfani. "  Hotunansa da ke jira a tebur sun lalace kuma ya zama magatakarda na Indiya na farko ga Sarauniya.  Buksh ya kasance a cikin hidimar Sarauniya, amma kawai a matsayin khidmatgar ko bawan tebur, har zuwa mutuwarsa a Windsor a shekara ta 1899.

A cewar mai ba da labari na Karim Sushila Anand, wasiƙun Sarauniya sun ba da shaida cewa "magana da ta yi da Munshi sun kasance masu yawa - falsafa, siyasa, da kuma aiki. Dukansu kai da zuciya sun shiga. Babu shakka cewa Sarauniya ta sami a cikin Abdul Karim alaƙa da duniyar da ba ta da kyau, kuma mai amincewa wanda ba zai ciyar da ita layin hukuma ba. "  An sanya Karim a kula da sauran bayin Indiya kuma ya zama alhakin asusun su. Victoria ta yaba masa a cikin wasiƙunta da mujallarta. "Ina son shi sosai" ta rubuta, "Yana da kyau sosai & mai tausayi & fahimtar duk abin da nake so & yana da ta'aziyya a gare ni. "  Ta yi sha'awar "ma'aikaciyar Indiya ta sirri & Munshi, wanda yake da kyau, mai basira, mai gaskiya da kuma mai kyau sosai, wanda ya ce, 'Allah ya ba da umarnin Allah shine abin da suke yi biyayya! Irin wannan bangaskiya kamar yadda suke da shi & irin wannan lamiri ya sanya mana misali.  A Scott Balmoral Castle, Sarauniya ta baya ta Sarauniya ta Maryamu ta Maryamu da ita.[i][rea] Duk da mummunar hanyar da Karim ya gabatar wa duniya ta waje, Sarauniya ta rubuta cewa "yana da abokantaka sosai kuma yana da farin ciki tare da ma'aikatan Sarauniya kuma yana dariya har ma da ban dariya yanzu - kuma ya gayyace su su zo su ga duk abubuwan da yake da su yana ba su cake don cin abinci". 

 Rashin jituwa na iyali 
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1888, an ba Karim izinin watanni hudu don komawa Indiya, a lokacin da ya ziyarci mahaifinsa. Karim ya rubuta wa Victoria cewa mahaifinsa, wanda ya kamata ya yi ritaya, yana da fatan samun fansho kuma tsohon ma'aikatarsa, John Tyler, yana neman ci gaba. A sakamakon haka, a cikin watanni shida na farko na 1889, Victoria ta rubuta wa Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya, Lord Lansdowne, tana neman mataki a kan fansho na Waziruddin da kuma ci gaban Tyler. Mataimakin Sarkin ya yi jinkirin bin batutuwan saboda Waziruddin ya gaya wa gwamnan yankin, Sir Auckland Colvin, cewa yana son godiya kawai kuma saboda Tyler yana da suna don halayyar rashin hankali da maganganu masu banƙyama.
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