Matzevah

Masseba ko Matzeva  (Ibraniyawa ta Littafi Mai-Tsarki: ,  maṣēā, lit. 'ginshiƙi, stele, baetyl',, jam'i maṣēoṯ) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin Littafi Mai-Msarki na Ibrananci don baetyl, wani nau'i mai tsarki ko dutse mai tsaye. A cikin Septuagint, an fassara shi a matsayin Koine Girkanci, romanized:  .

Masu binciken tarihi sun karɓi kalmar ga waɗannan duwatsu a Kan'ana da kuma ƙasar Larabawa ta mulkin Nabataean kafin Islama. Massevot kuma na iya sanya alama ga kaburbura.

 Magana 
Kalmar Ibrananci ta samo asali ne daga Tushen Semitic wanda ke nufin 'tsayawa', wanda ya haifar da ma'anar "ginshiƙi".

 Labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki 
Ana iya samun amfani da kalmar a cikin Farawa 28:18, 28:22, 31:13, 31:45, 35:14, 35:20, Fitowa 24:4, Kubawar Shari'a 16:22 da .

 Yakubu 
Babbar Ikklisiya Yakubu ta kafa masabot guda huɗu a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Ibrananci:

 A cikin Bethel, asalin kalmar baetyl. A cikin Farawa 28, "Yaƙub ya yi alkawari, yana cewa, "Idan Allah ya kasance tare da ni, yana kare ni a wannan tafiya da nake yi, kuma yana ba ni burodi don cin abinci da tufafi don sakawa, kuma zan koma gidan mahaifina lafiya - Yahweh zai zama Allahna. Kuma wannan dutse, wanda na kafa a matsayin ginshiƙi, zai zama gidan Allah; kuma daga duk abin da kuka ba ni, zan ajiye zakka".
 Miṣpā (Ibraniyawa: ,  ) 
 A Bethel a karo na biyu. A cikin Farawa:33, Yahweh ya ce wa Yakubu, "Ni ne Allah na Bethel, inda kuka shafa ginshiƙi kuma inda kuka yi mini alkawari".
 A kabarin Rahila: "A kan kabarinta Yakubu ya kafa ginshiƙi; shi ne ginshiƙi a kabarin Rahilik har zuwa yau. " (Farawa__hau____hau____hau__) Hakanan yana iya tsayawa a matsayin shaida: bayan ya fuskanci Yakubu a Gilead: "Kuma Laban ya ce wa Yakubu, "Wannan ginshiƙi ne kuma a nan ginshiƙi da na kafa tsakanin ku da ni: wannan ginshiƙi zai zama shaida kuma wannan ginshiƙan zai zama shaida cewa ba zan haye ku da wannan ginshiƙin ba, kuma ba za ku ƙetare ku da niyyar ba, kuma ku ƙetaye ni ba ne a gare ni ba, ba za ku da wannan ƙetare ni da wannan gashi. " (Farawa 31:52) 

 Sauran 
An ambaci Musa kamar yadda ya gina bagade da 12 massebot, "bisa ga kabilun Isra'ila goma sha biyu", kafin ya hau dutsen na kwanaki 40 da dare don saduwa da Allah.Oxford Biblical Studies Online , Oxford University Press. Accessed 14 February 2022. Ya kuma umarci mutane da su kafa "manyan duwatsu" kuma su rufe su da gyare-gyare a lokacin da suka shiga Isra'ila don rubuta dokar addini.

Joshua ya kafa "babban dutse" don tunawa da alkawari a Shechem. Kodayake ba a kira shi massebot a cikin rubutu ba, aikinsa daidai yake da massebot da aka kafa don tunawa da yarjejeniyoyi da abubuwan da suka faru.

An naɗa Abimeleke sarki a kusa da wani masabah a Shechem, kuma mai yiwuwa an naɗa Joash a kusa da masabah. Rehoboam ya kafa massebot don dalilai na bauta (wanda aka nuna ta hanyar hukunta su). 

Leviticus 26:1 na iya nuna haramtacciyar amfani da massebot a matsayin wakilcin Allah. Takamaiman haramcin ya haɗa da shi a cikin jerin, yana hana ƙirƙirar gumaka, hotuna masu zane-zane, kafa "hotuna" (massebot), ko wani hoto na dutse tare da niyyar durƙusa a gabansa.[undefined] Fitowa 23:24 ya nuna cewa al'ummai sun kuma gina massebot, wanda mai yiwuwa shine dalilin wannan haramcin, tare da karfafa wuraren al'ada da aka ba da izini don tsakiya a Haikali na Urushalima.[undefined][2] Kubawar Shari'a 16:21-22 ta goyi bayan wannan ta hanyar hana kirkirar wani nau'in gandun daji mai tsarki / "Asherah" kusa da kirkirar bagadan (wanda aka ba da kalmar asherah, yana nufin aikin arna) sannan kuma ya hana gina massebot, mai yiwuwa a matsayin ci gaba da sashi na baya.[1] Koyaya, Ishaya 19:19 ya ambaci gina massbot a nan gaba a cikin kyakkyawan mahallin a waje da bagadan, wuraren ibada, ko temples, yana nuna cewa wannan ba cikakkiyar haramta ba ce a cikin massbot.[3][4]￼

 Archaeology 
An samo Massebot a cikin wuraren ibada tun daga ƙarni na 8 AZ, yana nuna amfani da waɗannan a matsayin wakilcin allahntaka. A cikin mahallin Kan'ana / Isra'ila, yawanci ba a yi musu ado ba, yayin da irin waɗannan duwatsu masu tsaye a Yammacin Asiya ba su da. 

 Dubi kuma 

 Bema da matsayi mai girma
 Gidan bikin
 Lingam, wakilci na allahn Hindu Shiva
 Menhir, orthostat, ko dutse mai tsaye: dutse mai tsayi, yawanci daga Zamanin Bronze.
 Baetyl

 Manazarta