Musa Lévy na Benzion

Moïse Lévy de Benzion (1873-1943) ya kasance mai mallakar kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Masar wanda ya gina muhimmiyar tarin fasaha da kayan tarihi. Nazis ne suka kwace tarin a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma kusan abubuwa 1000 ne aka kwace su.

Lévy de Benzion Bayahude ne na Sephardi wanda aka haife shi a Alexandria, Misira, a cikin 1873.  Ya gaji kasuwancin iyali da aka fara a 1857  wanda ya fadada ya hada da kantin sayar da Grands Magasins Benzion da sauran gine-gine a Alkahira. A matsayinsa na mai tarawa, abubuwan da Lévy de Benzion ya samu sun haɗa da fasahar Sinanci da gabas, masana'antu, kafet, littattafai, da kuma muhimmiyar tarin kayan tarihi na Masar. Abubuwan Masar da ya yi sun haɗa da raguwa daga kabarin Nebamun da ya ɓace,  da kuma ɗaya daga cikin hotunan gilashi na farko da aka sani, wanda aka yi imanin yana nuna Amenhotep II. 

 Tsanantawar Nazi a Faransa 
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, tarin Lévy de Benzion a Paris da kuma gidan sarauta "La Folie" a Draviel an sace su sosai ta hanyar raka'a na Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), ƙungiyar Nazi da aka caje ta bin bayan mamaye sojojin Jamus da ganowa da kwace ayyukan fasaha daga ƙasashen da aka mamaye. Rubuce-rubucen ERR sun nuna cewa an kwace abubuwa 989 daga tarin Lévy de Benzion kadai.

Halin yadda ake gudanar da zane-zanen da aka sace shi ne Entree d'un Gave na Gustave Courbet (1876).  Lévy de Benzion ya sami zanen a cikin 1919; ERR ta kwace shi a cikin 1940 kuma ta tura shi zuwa gidan Neuschwanstein. A shekara ta 1941 Walter Hofer ne ya sayi shi don tarin Hermann Göring.  Göring, duk da haka, ba shi da sha'awar fasahar zamani, ya fi son zane-zanen Tsohon Jagora a maimakon haka, kuma aikin yana daga cikin zane-zanensa na zamani da aka musayar don tsofaffin ayyukan da aka zaba daga Galerie Fischer na Theodor Fischer a Lucerne. Fischer ya sayar da zanen ga Willi Raeber na Basel, wanda ya sayar da shi ga Galerie Rosengart na Lucerne, wanda ya siyar da shi ga Arthur Stoll. Bayan yakin, Paule-Juliette Levi de Benzion na Alkahira ne ya yi ikirarin zanen kuma ya mayar mata da shi a shekarar 1948. Bayan sauya hannaye sau da yawa, an sayar da shi ga Gidan Tarihi na Birmingham a Alabama a cikin 1999. Alfred Sisley's Summer a Bougival ya kama shi daga wakilin Göring Walter Hofer a ERR, sannan ya sayar da shi ga Fischer, wanda ya sayar da ita ga Emil Georg Bührle a 1942. Bayan yakin, an tilasta wa Bührle ya mayar da zanen da aka sace a gidan Moïse Lévi de Benzion a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1948, duk da haka shekaru biyu bayan haka ya sake sayen Sisley daga gwauruwar de Benzion.

Daga cikin sauran ayyukan da aka kwace kuma daga baya suka dawo da su akwai zane-zanen Eugène Boudin, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Charles Cottet, Charles Daubigny, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, da Vincent van Gogh  .

 Mutuwa 
Nazis ne suka kama Lévy de Benzion a Faransa kuma ya mutu a watan Satumbar shekara ta 1943.  An sayar da tarin sa a gwanjo a Villa Benzion, 6 Rue El Amir Omar, Zamalek, Alkahira, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1947 a cikin siyar da kuri'u sama da 900. Villa Benzion tana cikin wani ɓangare na Zamalek inda wasu masu shagon sashen da yawa ke zaune, amma kamar sauran manyan gidaje masu zaman kansu a yankin, ba ta wanzu ba.

 Duba kuma 

 Yahudawa na Sephardi
 Tarihin Yahudawa a Misira
 Tarihin Yahudawa a Faransa
 Iyalin Pallache
 Sunan mahaifiyar
Rukuni:Matattun 1943