Ruwan sama na Australiya

Monsoon na Australiya (AUM), wanda aka fi sani da monsoon na bazara na Australiya,  da kuma monsoon na Australiana-Indonesia (AIM),  tsarin monsoon ne wanda ke kara tsawa da ruwan sama a wurare da yawa na Indonesia da arewacin Australia, daga yankunan arewacin arewacin arewa zuwa yankin semi-arid na Australia, yawanci tsakanin Nuwamba da tsakiyar Maris, wanda shine Lokacin rigar na sassa da yawa na arewacin Australia da Indonesia. 

Asalin ruwan sama na Australiya (AUM) yayi daidai da Ruwan sama na Arewacin Afirka, tunda duka biyu sun samo asali ne daga motsi na yanayi na Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical (ITCZ) da kuma canjin da aka haɗa a cikin jujjuyawar Hadley, wanda ke haifar da lokacin ruwan sama. Daga ƙarshen karni na 19, an auna ƙarfin ruwan sama na Australiya ta hanyar ruwan sama na rani a Darwin.

 Hanyar aiki 
A arewacin Ostiraliya, iska mai yawa tana fitowa ne daga gabas ko kudu maso gabas a mafi yawan lokuta, wanda yawanci ke kawo yanayin bushewa. Kodayake a lokacin damina (tsakanin Nuwamba da Afrilu), iskõki suna canzawa zuwa arewa maso yamma, inda Matsin yanayi ke raguwa a yankin da ya kai Java, Sumatra, Tekun Timor da gabas zuwa Papua New Guinea. Lokacin da Nahiyar Australiya ta yi zafi da sauri fiye da teku da ke kewaye da ita (Timor, Banda Sea, da Arafura Sea), tsarin matsin lamba na iya samuwa, wanda ke jawowa cikin kwarin ruwan sama (wanda shine yankin matsin lamba da iska mai danshi) sama da wurare masu zafi da bushewa na arewacin Australiya, don haka kara yawan zafi kafin ruwan sama (wannan an san shi da "ginawa").  rami yana jawo iska mai laushi daga tekuna da ke kewaye da shi kuma ana kiran wannan shigowar iska mai lahi a matsayin ruwan sama.

A lokacin "mai aiki" ko "farkawa", manyan yankuna na girgije da ruwan sama sun samo asali, inda akwai iska ta arewa maso yamma a yankin arewacin kogin, tare da ruwan sama mai yawa a ƙasa, wanda ke da kimanin makonni hudu zuwa takwas. Wani lokaci mara aiki ko "rugujewa" shine lokacin da kwarin ruwan sama ya ragu kuma ya janye zuwa arewacin Ostiraliya, kodayake iska mai sauƙi, ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci da aikin tsawa na iya faruwa. Daga baya fiye da isowar ruwan sama na yau da kullun, da kuma wadanda suka bushe, galibi suna da alaƙa da yanayin El Niño a cikin Pacific, yayin da La Niña galibi suna hade da farkon lokacin ruwan sama da kuma masu laushi. Kaurin ruwan sama yawanci kasa da mita 1,500 (mita 4,900) a kan teku da mita 2,000-2,500 (mita 6,600-8,200) a kan ƙasa.

Kodayake fashewar ruwan sama ta arewacin Australia ta kai kololuwa tsakanin tsakiyar Nuwamba da tsakiyar Disamba, za su iya kaiwa cikin Maris. Bambancin ruwan sama na Australiya (AUMRV) yana da irin wannan rabo a cikin ruwan sama a yawancin ƙasar, yana zuwa kudu har zuwa kudancin Murray-Darling Basin. Kimanin kashi 28% na AUMRV na shekara-shekara yana da alaƙa da rashin daidaito na teku a cikin Pacific da Tekun Indiya. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da yankunan Asiya, Afirka da Arewacin Amurka, AUM da alama tana da bambancin mafi girma, saboda tana da alaƙa da El Niño-Southern Oscillation, musamman a arewa maso gabashin Australia.[1]￼

 Tasirin 
Lokaci na ruwan sama galibi suna da alaƙa da yanayin hazo, lokutan ruwan sama mai tsanani, tsawa mai tsawo da iska mai ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da abin ya shafa a Arewacin Yammacin Australia da arewacin Queensland.  Yawancin ruwan sha na arewacin Australia da ke da ƙarancin jama'a sun fito ne daga ruwan sama na Australiya.

Har ila yau, ruwan sama na Australiya na iya samun babban tasiri a kan ruwan sama a kudu maso gabashin teku a lokacin watanni masu zafi, kamar a kudu maso gabas na Queensland da kuma arewacin rabin New South Wales (Northern Rivers zuwa babban birnin Sydney), inda bazara shine lokacin da ya fi ruwan sama kuma hunturu shine mafi bushewa (bambanci tsakanin lokutan biyu yana raguwa zuwa kudu yayin da tasirin ruwan sama na Australia ya ragu). 

 Dubi kuma 

 Yanayin yanayi na Ostiraliya
 Yanayin yanayi na Indonesia
 Tasirin El Niño-Southern Oscillation a Ostiraliya

 Manazarta