Abubuwan addini

Abies religiosa, fir na  ko fir mai tsarki,  (wanda aka sani da oyamel a cikin Mutanen Espanya) fir ne na asali a tsaunuka na tsakiya da kudancin Mexico (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur) da yammacin Guatemala . Yana girma a tsaunuka masu tsawo na mita 2,100-4,100 (6,900-13,500  a cikin gandun daji na girgije tare da sanyi, lokacin rani mai zafi da hunturu mai bushe a mafi yawan mulkin mazauninta. A cikin jihar Veracruz, yana girma tare da hazo duk shekara. Itacen yana tsayayya da dusar ƙanƙara ta hunturu ta yau da kullun wanda ke faruwa kusa da iyakar girmansa.

 Sunayen 
Sunan Mutanen Espanya oyamel ya fito ne daga kalmar Nahuatl oyametl'' (oya, "don girgiza"; metl, "Agave"; a zahiri "tauna agave"). Ana kuma kiranta  (itace na Kirsimeti) a Mexico. Sunan Ingilishi ya samo asali ne daga binomial Abies religiosa, a zahiri "fir na addini". Wannan ya fito ne daga amfani da ganyen da aka yanke a bukukuwan addini (musamman a Kirsimeti) da kuma majami'u a Mexico.

 Bayyanawa 
Abies religiosa itace mai matsakaici zuwa babban itace mai tsayi mai tsayi wanda ke girma zuwa 25-50   tare da diamita na akwati har zuwa mita 2 (6.6 . Shafuka suna kama da allura, suna da shimfiɗa, -3.5  in) tsawo da 1.5  in) fadi da 0.5  in) kauri, kore mai duhu a sama, kuma tare da bands biyu blue-white na stomata a ƙasa; saman ganye yana da tsanani. Tsarin ganye yana da juzu'i a kan harbi, amma tare da kowane ganye ya karkata a tushe don haka suna kwance a ko'ina gefen da sama da harbi, ba tare da wani a ƙasa da harbi ba. Shuke-shuke suna da launin ruwan kasa, ba tare da gashi ba ko kuma suna da warwatsewar pubescence.

cones suna da 8-16 in) tsawo da 4-6 in) fadi, duhu blue-purple kafin balaga; sikelin bracts suna da purple ko kore, na matsakaici, tare da matakai da aka fallasa rufe cone. Ana fitar da tsaba masu fuka-fuki lokacin da ƙwayoyin suka rushe a lokacin da suka girma kimanin watanni 7-9 bayan pollination. Itace daga ƙarshen yammacin kewayon a kan Nevado de Colima, Jalisco suna da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da mafi girma, ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa (kamar ƙwayoyin fir masu daraja); waɗannan wasu lokuta ana bi da su a matsayin nau'in daban, Abies colimensis .

 Ma'anar 
Itacen fir mai tsarki ita ce itacen da aka fi so ga malamin sarki (Danaus plexippus'') don zama a cikin yankuna a lokacin da yake cikin gandun daji na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Kodayake an san malamin sarkin sarakuna a wasu sassan kudancin Mexico kamar yadda wasu samfurori ba sa ƙaura, yawancin su suna taruwa a cikin wasu gandun daji masu kariya a cikin Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve kusa da garuruwan Angangueo (Michoacán) da Avándaro (State of Mexico), daga Disamba zuwa Maris.

Itacen fir mai tsarki yana da taushi kuma saboda haka bai dace da aikin katako ba. Duk da haka, rarraba shi yana raguwa saboda katako don man fetur da sauran rikice-rikicen da suka shafi mutum.

Wata takarda ta 2012 ta Cuauhtemoc Saenz-Romero da sauransu, wacce aka buga a cikin Forest Ecology and Management ta gano cewa "yanayin da ya dace da oyamel na iya raguwa da kashi 96 cikin dari ta hanyar 2090, kuma ya ɓace gaba ɗaya a cikin ajiyar [Monarch Butterfly Biosphere]. "  A shekara ta 2024, sakamakon gwajin da ke gudana da taimakon ƙaura ta ƙungiyar kimiyya ta Saenz- Romero ta sami nasara a cikin tsire-tsire-tsira mafi girma na oyamel fir a kan dutsen dutse mai fitattun wuta da ke kusa da ke tsammanin canjin yanayi na ƙarshen ƙarni.

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 


 Manazarta 

 Liu, T. S. (11 ga Nuwamba 1971). Littafin da aka rubuta na jinsin Abies . Jami'ar Taiwan ta Kasa.