Kabari na 'yanci (Louisiana)

Kabarin 'yanci wani kabari ne a St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana,  inda aka binne maza, mata da yara da suka kasance bayi bayan karshen Yaƙin basasar Amurka. An kafa shi a 1867 a matsayin makabartar farar hula mai kadada huɗu ta Ofishin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Amurka, 'Yanci, da Yankin da aka Yamma, wanda aka fi sani da Ofishin' yanci, yana kusa da tarihin al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka ta Fazendeville, Louisiana kuma kusa da Kabari na Monument (wanda yanzu aka fi sani a matsayin Kabari na Kasa na Chalmette), inda gwamnatin Amurka ta fara binne matattu sojojin Tarayyar a 1864, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun shiga cikin Yakin Red River.

Ƙara sabbin jana'iza har zuwa Mayu 1869, makabartar nan da nan ta cika bayan da Ofishin Freedmen ya watsar da gudanarwarta lokacin da ta ƙare ayyukanta a Louisiana a 1872 kuma ta canja ikon gudanarwa a kan makabartar zuwa gwamnatin birni a New Orleans, Louisiana . 

Wannan wurin Kabari na Freedmen an dauke shi daya daga cikin Kabari na Tarihi na New Orleans, kuma an tuna da shi ta hanyar alamar tarihi, wanda ke kusa da ƙofar Kabari na Kasa na Chalmette . 

 Tarihi 
Ofishin 'yanci, wanda aka fi sani da Ofishin 'Yan Gudun Hijira, 'Yanci, da Yankin da aka watsar, an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar wani aiki na Majalisa a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1865 a matsayin sashin Ma'aikatar Yakin Amurka, kuma "yana da alhakin kula da gudanar da dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi' yan gudun hijira da 'yanci da ƙasashe da kuma ƙasashe da aka watsan ko kuma kwace a lokacin yakin basasa, ayyukan da kwamandojin soja da jami' yan Ma'auratan suka raba a baya, an kafa su don taimakawa mutane tare da kuma taimakon su na sake gina su, an kafa don taimakawa su da yawa".  An kafa su da kuma sun fuskanci tallafin ilimi daga bangarorin da yawa.

Kabari na kasa na Chalmette, wanda gwamnatin Amurka ta kafa kusan shekara guda da ta gabata don binne ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da sojoji da suka mutu daga cututtuka ko raunin yaƙi yayin da suke tsaye a Louisiana,  an kirkireshi ne daga ƙasar da aka fara amfani da ita a lokacin yakin a matsayin " sansanin 'yan gudun hijira don' yantaccen bayi kuma daga baya wurin binnewa ga tsoffin bayi, marasa lafiya na asibiti baƙar fata, da kuma duka Union da Sojojin Confederate, a cewar masana tarihi a National Park Service. A cikin shekaru biyu na bayar da wannan ƙasar ga gwamnatin tarayya, duk da haka, jana'izar farar hula ta fara wucewa da jana'izar sojoji na tarayya. A mayar da martani, jami'an tarayya sun sami yanki na kadada huɗu kusa da makabartar ƙasa, sun ba da umarnin fitar da kusan fararen hula dubu biyu zuwa hudu a Chalmette, sannan suka shirya sake binne waɗannan ragowar fararen hula a sabon shafin a 1867. Wannan sabon shafin, wanda ke kusa da tarihin al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka na Fazendeville, Louisiana, an sanya shi a matsayin Kabari na 'yanci.

Sabbin jana'iza a Kabari na Freedmen sun fito ne daga turawa daga asibitocin Freedmen a Louisiana tare da kusan jana'iza 716 da aka yi tsakanin 1867 da 1869. Da farko an kiyaye su da kyau, an yi wa sabbin kaburbura na makabartar alama da allon katako; yawancin sunayen da abubuwan da suka haifar da mutuwar marigayin an kuma rubuta su a cikin litattafan da jami'an makabartar ke kula da su. Wadannan bayanan asali yanzu ana kiyaye su ta hanyar US National Archives and Records Administration tare da kwafin dijital da ake samu ta hanyar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban na binciken tarihin iyali.

Bayan lokaci, an rufe rassan asibitin Freedmen  , gami da asibitin freedmen a New Orleans, wanda ya rufe ƙofofinsa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1869. A sakamakon haka, an daina binnewa a wannan Kabari na Freedmen, wanda ya fara aiki a watan Mayu 1869.

A shekara ta 1872, duk Ofishin 'yanci ya nakasa. A cikin 1873, wata sanarwa daga babban hafsan sojin Amurka ta rubuta cewa an watsar da shirin Kabari na Freedmen a Chalmette.

Da yake yanke shawarar cewa gwamnatin Amurka ba ta da sha'awar samun ko kula da dukiyar da ke kusa da makabartar ƙasa, jami'an tarayya sun ba da umarnin gina bango na tubali a 1874 don raba makabarta,  kuma sun sauya mallakar ƙasar Kabari na Freedmen zuwa Birnin New Orleans,  wanda ya sayar da ƙasar a 1875 ga Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Injiniya ta Louisiana. Shugaban kwamitin kwalejin ya yi ƙoƙari ya sa makabartar ƙasa ta karɓi makabartar yayin da ya ga shaidar sojojin Amurka masu launin fata da aka binne a can kuma har yanzu suna iya ganin wasu alamomi, amma gwamnatin tarayya ba ta yi wani motsi ba.

A cikin shekaru, Kogin Mississippi da ke kusa ya cika da ruwa kuma sau da yawa ya zubo a kan dutsen da ke kan gwiwoyi, a hankali ya sanya ƙarin datti a saman ƙasa da ke akwai na wuraren makabarta, ya kara rufe shaidar jana'izar da aka yi a can. A yau, makabarta tana cikin filin yaƙi na Chalmette, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Jean Lafitte .  An yi nazarin radar na ƙasa don ƙoƙarin neman shaidar kaburbura, amma sakamakon ba a kammala shi ba saboda zurfin binnewar gawawwakin.

Fiye da maza tamanin, mata, da yara da suka mutu a asibitin Freedmen's Bureau a New Orleans tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 1867 an binne su a Kabari na Freedmen. Sunayensu, abubuwan da suka haifar da su da kwanakin mutuwarsu, da lambobin mãkirci na binnewa an rubuta su a cikin bayanan Ofishin Freedmen, waɗanda ke samuwa a Tarihin Kasa. Dalilan mutuwa sun haɗa da: rauni mai alaƙa da shekaru, anasarca, apoplexy, kumburi na kwakwalwa, kwalara, dropsy, dysentery, edema, farfajiya, gangrene, hepatitis, kumburi da huhu, paralysis, phthisis, pleurisy, pneumonia, rheumatic zazzabi, rheumatism, scrofula, kyanda, da tetanus.[1]￼

Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton binnewar Freedmen a cikin sanarwar mutuwa da sauran labarai na jaridu na yankin New Orleans, gami da na Eliza Blondeau. Har ila yau an san shi da Mary Johnson, Blondeau ta kasance wanda aka kashe a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1867 na Jefferson Lewis, wanda Jamhuriyar Republican ta New Orleans ta rufe shari'arsa ta 1868.

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin makabarta a Louisiana

 Manazarta 

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