Whitaker Wright

James Whitaker Wright (9 ga Fabrairu 1846 - 26 ga Janairu 1904) ya kasance mai gabatar da kamfani kuma mai zamba, wanda ya kashe kansa a Kotun Shari'a ta Royal a London nan da nan bayan da aka yanke masa hukunci don zamba.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Babbar yara biyar, shi ne ɗan James Wright, Minista Methodist, da Matilda Whitaker, 'yar mai sutura. An haife shi a Stafford, kuma ya shafe shekarunsa na farko a sassa daban-daban na Ingila tare da mahaifinsa. Tun yana ƙarami an tura shi makarantar Shireland Hall a garin Staffordshire na Smethwick, wani wurin zama wanda aka ba da gudummawar sadaka wanda ke kula da 'ya'yan malamai na dukkan addinai. An koya masa a cikin Latin da Girkanci kuma an koya masa yadda za a yi amfani da na'urar buga littattafai. A shekara ta 1861, bisa ga ƙididdigar wannan shekarar, ya kasance mai buga littattafai a Ripon. Tsakanin 1866 da 1868, ya kasance mai wa'azi na Methodist kamar mahaifinsa, amma ya yi ritaya saboda rashin lafiya. Ya kuma kasance babban ɗan'uwan John Joseph Wright, wanda ya kirkiro sandar trolley mai juyawa, yana watsa wutar lantarki daga waya mai kaiwa zuwa injunan tram ko trolleybus. 'Yan uwan sun fara kasuwanci a matsayin masu bugawa da masu buga takardu a Halifax, Ingila a 1868 amma ya kasa a shekara mai zuwa.

 Shige da fice, aure da wadata 
Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a 1870, iyalin suka yi hijira zuwa Toronto, Ontario, Kanada. Wright ya yi tafiya zuwa Philadelphia, Amurka inda ya sadu kuma ya auri Anna Edith Weightman a 1878. Wright ya sami wadata ta hanyar inganta kamfanonin hakar azurfa a Leadville, Colorado, da Lake Valley, New Mexico, kodayake babu wani daga cikin kamfanonin da ya yi kudi ga masu hannun jari.

Wright ya koma Ingila, kuma ya inganta kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na Australiya da Kanada a kasuwar London.

 Ayyuka masu kaifi 
Ayyukan Wright a matsayin mai zamba ya kai kololuwa a cikin shekarun 1890, lokacin da ya kafa Kamfanin London da Globe wanda ke kwantar da hankali ga batutuwan da suka shafi hakar ma'adinai. Wright ya kira wasu daga cikin wadannan hannun jari "consols", kalmar da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi amfani da ita don batutuwan da suka dace da kuma abin dogaro. Ya ɗora daraktocin kamfanoninsa tare da takwarorinsa na masarautar; alal misali, Shugaban Kamfanin London da Globe shine Marquis na Dufferin da Ava, tsohon Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya. Wannan ya yi amfani da manufar burge jama'a da kuma jan hankalin masu saka hannun jari masu arziki. Wright ya kuma nemi ya yi wa kansa wuri a cikin marigayi Lea Victorian English Society, ya sayi filin Park a Surrey, wanda ya sake masa suna Witley Park, kuma ya gina babban gida. Wright kuma ya mallaki jirgin ruwa na Sybarita wanda ya doke jirgin ruwa na Meteor (wanda yake na Kaiser Wilhelm II na Jamus) a gaban Royal Yacht Squadron.

Wright ya zama aboki da kuma mai ba da shawara kan kudi ga Sir James Reid, likitan Sarauniya Victoria. A zahiri Reid ta zama amintacciyar Mrs. Wright a cikin nufin mai ba da kuɗi; daga baya wannan zai haifar da matsalolin kuɗi ga likitan don watsi da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi faduwar Wright. Reid daga ƙarshe ya biya Mrs. Wright £ 5,000.

Duk abin da ke aiki sosai a daular Wright, lokacin da a cikin 1900 ya nemi ya kwashe batun jingina don gina titin Baker da Waterloo Railway (yanzu Layin Bakerloo na London Underground). Layin ya kasance mai wahala kuma mai tsada don ginawa. Dalilin da ya sa Wright ya nemi shiga cikin kamfanin yana da rikici; shi injiniyan hakar ma'adinai ne, ba injiniyan gini ko injiniyan jirgin kasa ba. Wataƙila Wright ya yi imanin cewa zai iya kammala aikinsa a cikin kudaden City idan aka ba shi daraja saboda aikinsa na jama'a. A kowane hali batun jinginar ya kasance bala'i - Wright ya sami ya lalata albarkatunsa, kuma mutane kalilan ne suka yarda su yi rajista. Ya fara rushewar dukkan kungiyar Wright.

 Shari'a da mutuwa 
An gudanar da shari'ar ne a watan Janairun 1904, a gaban Mista Mai Shari'a Bigham; daya daga cikin mafi kyawun lauyoyi na ranar, Rufus Isaacs ne ya jagoranci karar. Bigham na ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masana shari'ar kamfanoni a Ingila, kuma Isaacs ƙwararre ne a cikin tsarin kasuwar jari, bayan da ya yi aiki a matsayin dillali a baya. Gwamnati, yayin da take nazarin rikice-rikice na hanyar takarda ta Wright, ba ta iya ganin nasarar gurfanar da gwamnati ba; a maimakon haka masu hannun jari ne suka kawo gurfanar. Tare da mai gabatar da kara yana fallasa dabaru daban-daban na kudi da Wright ya jawo wa juri, kuma wani lauya da haƙuri yana bayyana maki game da kudi, an kayar da yunkurin Wright na rikicewa.

A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1904, an yanke wa Wright hukunci kan zamba a Kotun Shari'a ta Royal kuma an ba shi hukuncin shekaru bakwai a kurkuku. Ya kashe kansa ta hanyar haɗiye cyanide a cikin ɗakin kotu nan da nan bayan haka. Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa yana dauke da bindiga a cikin aljihunsa, mai yiwuwa a matsayin madadin; ba a taɓa bincika shi ba, saboda tsaro ya raunana a Kotun Royal, waɗanda Kotun Jama'a ne. An gudanar da shari'ar a can saboda an yi la'akari da cewa juri na musamman da ake buƙata ba za su kasance da nuna bambanci ga wanda ake tuhuma fiye da juri na al'ada a kotun aikata laifuka ta Old Bailey, wanda ke cikin birni. Duk da mummunar halayensa na kudi, akwai babban tashin hankali na baƙin ciki a jana'izarsa a Witley, inda aka binne shi.

 Gidan shakatawa na Witley 
A cikin 1890 Wright ya sayi wani yanki mai suna Lea Park tsakanin Godalming da Haslemere, Surrey, da kuma kusa da South Park Farm daga Earl na Derby. Mallaka da waɗannan kadarorin ya ba Wright Ubangiji na Manor da kuma kula da Hindhead Common da Devil's Punch Bowl. Whitaker Wright ya fara bunkasa sabbin kadarorinsa a matsayin yanki guda, Witley Park, yana ƙirƙirar tabkuna uku, mafi girma daga cikinsu ya rufe kadada hamsin na gonar gona. Ayyukan shimfidar wuri na Wright sun haifar da damuwa game da tasirin su akan tattalin arzikin yankin da yanayin halitta. A cikin Tafkin Thursley yana da ɗakin shan sigari a ƙarƙashin ruwa wanda aka gina a ƙarƙashin rufin akwatin kifaye. Bayan mutuwarsa, William, Lord Pirrie ya sayi Witley Park wanda ya kara fadada dukiyar. Sauran dukiyar an raba su zuwa kuri'a don siyarwa, kuma kudaden da aka tara a cikin gida sun ba da damar sayen Hindhead Common, wanda aka canja shi zuwa National Trust.
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1846

manazarta