Lawrence Washington (1718-1752)

Lawrence Washington (1718 - 26 ga Yuli, 1752) sojan Amurka ne, manomi, ɗan siyasa, kuma sanannen mai mallakar ƙasa a Virginia" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Colony of Virginia">mulkin mallaka na Virginia . A matsayinsa na memba wanda ya kafa Kamfanin Ohio na Virginia, kuma memba na majalisar dokoki ta mulkin mallaka wanda ke wakiltar Fairfax County, Virginia, ya kafa garin Alexandria, Virginia a bakin Kogin Potomac a cikin 1749.

Washington ita ce tsohuwar ɗan'uwa George Washington, Shugaban Amurka na gaba. Shi ne na farko daga cikin dangin da ya zauna a gidan da aka sani da Mount Vernon, wanda ya sanya masa suna bayan Admiral Edward Vernon na Burtaniya, kwamandansa a yakin Jenkins' Ear .  Washington ta yi rashin lafiya da tarin fuka. Shi da George sun yi tafiya zuwa Barbados, suna fatan cewa yanayin zafi zai sauƙaƙa rashin lafiyarsa. Wannan ya gaza, kuma Lawrence ya mutu a Dutsen Vernon a shekara mai zuwa.

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Shekaru na farko 
An haifi Lawrence a cikin Iyalin Washington, an yi imanin cewa an haife shi a shekara ta 1718, ɗan na biyu na Augustine Washington da matarsa Jane Butler Washington (wanda ɗansa na fari, Butler, ya mutu tun yana jariri a shekara ta 1716.)  Iyalin suna zaune a Westmoreland County, Virginia, tare da Kogin Potomac. A cikin 1729, Augustine ya ɗauki Lawrence da ƙaramin ɗansa Augustine, Jr., zuwa Ingila kuma ya sanya su a makarantar Appleby Grammar School a Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria .  Augustine zai koma Virginia watanni bayan haka kuma ya gano cewa matarsa ta mutu, ya bar 'yarsa Jane a kula da dangin Washington a Westmoreland County. A shekara ta 1731 ya auri matashiyar Mary Ball, kuma suna da iyali. Wannan iyalin Augustine Washington na biyu - ciki har da George da 'yan uwansa - sun koma gida a gonar Little Hunting Creek a cikin 1735. Har yanzu ana iya ganin tushe na wannan gidan a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Vernon na yanzu.

Lawrence ya kammala karatunsa kuma ya koma Virginia a shekara ta 1738 don kula da gudanar da gonar mahaifinsa na 2,000-plus acre a kan Kogin Potomac a Little Hunting Creek (sa'an nan a cikin Prince William County; bayan 1742 Fairfax County). A ƙarshen 1738, Augustine ya ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa Ferry Farm, wanda ya saya kwanan nan, a gefen Fredericksburg a cikin King George County. Littattafan Yarima William County Deed sun nuna cewa a cikin bazara mai zuwa, Maris 1739, Lawrence Washington ya fara siyan yankunan da ke kan iyakar gidan Little Hunting Creek na iyali: sayen, a cikin sunansa, ya nuna Lawrence ya sami rinjaye (shekara 21).

 Ayyukan soja 
A ƙarshen 1739, Majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta yanke shawarar tada "Regiment of Foot", ƙungiyar sojan ƙasa, a cikin yankunan Amurka, don a yi amfani da su a West Indies don yaƙi da Spain, wanda aka sani da Yakin Jenkins' Ear . Rundunar, da za ta kunshi battalions huɗu, an sanya ta Regiment of Foot na Colonel William Gooch. Za a dauki kwamandojin kamfanin a cikin yankuna kuma an tura Kanal William Blakeney a fadin Tekun Atlantika tare da kwamitocin da ba su da komai, wanda Sarki George II ya sanya hannu, don a rarraba su ga gwamnoni daban-daban. A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1740, Mataimakin Gwamna na Virginia William Gooch ya ba da babban (na 4) Kwamitin Kyaftin a ɗayan kamfanonin Virginia ga Lawrence Washington: Kwamishinansa ya tsira a cikin tarihin Dutsen Vernon. 

Kamfanoni huɗu na Virginia sun taru a Williamsburg, Virginia, a watan Agustan shekara ta 1740, amma jiragen sufuri ba su tashi zuwa Jamaica ba har zuwa farkon Oktoba. Babban rundunar mamayewar Burtaniya ba ta isa Jamaica ba har zuwa farkon watan Janairun shekara ta 1741, kuma Conjunct Expedition, a karkashin umarni biyu na Mataimakin Admiral Edward Vernon da Brigadier Janar Thomas Wentworth, sun fara aiki a ƙarshen Janairu. A farkon watan Fabrairu, kwamandoji sun yanke shawarar kai hari kan sansanin Mutanen Espanya a Colombia" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena a Colombia ta yanzu. A wannan lokacin, an tura wasu daga cikin Amurkawa zuwa jiragen yaki na Admiral Vernon don a yi amfani da su a matsayin Marines. Lawrence ya yi sa'a, kamar yadda daga baya zai rubuta wa mahaifinsa, don a nada shi "Kapitan Sojojin da ke aiki a matsayin Marines" a cikin jirgin Vernon, HMS Princess Caroline mai bindiga 80.  Saboda wannan sabis ɗin, an kira ƙafa ta 43 "Gooch's Marines".Giaffo, Lou. Gooch's Marines, Dorrance Publishing, 2013 

Washington ta tsira daga Yaƙin Cartagena de Indias da kuma tafiye-tafiye a kan tashar jiragen ruwa ta New Granada da kuma Cuba da Panama, wanda ya sha wahala sosai, galibi daga cututtuka. Harin da aka kai wa Cartagena, a watan Maris-Afrilu na shekara ta 1741, ya zama bala'i, yayin da sama da rabin sojojin Burtaniya suka yi rashin lafiya kuma suka mutu daga cututtukan wurare masu zafi, musamman zazzabin rawaya.[1] Rashin zazzabi ya fi yawa a cikin sabbin jiragen ruwa na sojoji, yayin da ma'aikatan da ke kan jiragen yaki na Vernon, tun da sun riga sun kasance a cikin Caribbean na shekara guda, sun fi fama da cutar.[2] Washington ta tsira daga zazzabin da ya kashe kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 na masu mulkin mallaka na Amurka saboda sa'a (da farko) canjinsa daga jirgin soja zuwa jirgin ruwa na Vernon, wanda, bayan ya kasance a cikin wurare masu zafi sama da shekara guda, yana da ma'aikatan da aka riga an yi musu allurar rigakafi daga cututtukan wurare masu zafi (da kuma yanayin da ba shi da yawa a cikin jirgin).￼

A watan Janairun shekara ta 1741, wasu jami'ai 3,255 da maza na "American Regiment" na Gooch suna cikin jirgin ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kingston, Jamaica. Ba shekaru biyu ba bayan haka, a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1742, Amurkawa da suka tsira sun iya tara jami'ai 17 da maza 130 kawai, waɗanda suka koma Arewacin Amurka a watan Nuwamba da Disamba, tare da sojoji 268 marasa lafiya.Giaffo, Lou. Gooch's Marines, Dorrance Publishing, 2013 ISBN 9781434933997 A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1743, Jaridar New York Weekly ta ƙunshi aikawa daga Jamaica mai kwanan wata 24 ga Oktoba shekara ta 1742:daga Jamaica, an sanar da mu cewa Janar Wentworth ya karbi umarni don komawa Burtaniya tare da Sojojin Burtaniya da kuma rage [Rarraba] Amurka Regiment karkashin Colonel Gooch. Kowane mutum za a biya shi har zuwa 24 ga Oktoba kuma a tura shi gida a kan jigilar kaya huɗu, wato: daya zuwa New York, biyu zuwa Virginia, kuma daya zuwa North Carolina. Wani abu ne mai cike da baƙin ciki na maza ɗari biyar da aka aiko daga wannan lardin a cikin jirage biyar a farkon tashi.Rubuta tarihin mazaunan Burtaniya a Arewacin Amurka a cikin 1748, Dokta William Douglas na Boston ya ce daga cikin mutane 500 da aka aiko daga Massachusetts don balaguron, ba sama da 50 ba ne suka dawo.Giaffo, Lou. Gooch's Marines, Dorrance Publishing, 2013 ISBN 9781434933997

Washington kuma ta shiga cikin saukowar Burtaniya ta 1741 a Guantanamo (Cumberland Harbor) Cuba, wani ɓangare na shirin Admiral Vernon - ba a taɓa fahimta ba - don kai hari kan Santiago na Cuba daga baya (ta ƙasa) da kuma daga gaba (ta teku). 

Bayan ya dawo Virginia a ƙarshen shekara ta 1742, Washington ta gano cewa mukamin kwamandan 'Yan bindiga, Adjutant, babu kowa. Ya nemi shi kuma Gwamna Gooch ya nada shi Adjutant, a matsayin Major a cikin bazara na 1743. 

 Rayuwar farar hula 
Washington ta yi aure a watan Yulin 1743 ga Anne Fairfax (1728-1761), 'yar fari ta ɗan Ingila Colonel William Fairfax na makwabcin Belvoir, da matarsa marigayi Sarah (née Walker), an haife ta ne a cikin wani fitaccen iyali a Bahamas, inda Fairfax ke aiki lokacin da suka yi aure. Aure na Anne mai shekaru 15 da sabon tsohon soja mai shekaru 25 da ya dawo ya haifar da bayyanar Anne ga iyayenta cewa ministan iyali, Reverend Charles Green na Truro Parish, ya dauki dama tare da ita.

Game da lokacin aurensa ya fara sake gina gida a shafin gidan mahaifinsa na farko a Little Hunting Creek, yana mai suna Mount Vernon don girmama kwamandansa na lokacin yaƙi.

An kirkiro sabuwar gundumar Fairfax (daga arewacin Prince William County) a cikin shekara ta 1742. An zabi Washington a Gidan Burgesses na Virginia a shekara ta 1744 a matsayin wakilin Fairfax (duka gundumar da dangin). A shekara ta 1747, ya haɗu da surukinsa da sauran fitattun masu mallakar ƙasa da 'yan kasuwa a Arewacin Neck don ƙirƙirar Kamfanin Ohio na Virginia, tare da niyyar buɗe kasuwanci zuwa cikin Amurka da ke da alaƙa da Kogin Potomac. Don yin haka, Kamfanin ya buƙaci "Gidan ajiya", ƙofar kasuwanci. Shafin gidan ajiyar taba na Hugh West, a kan iyakar yammacin Potomac kusa da bakin (Great) Hunting Creek, an dauke shi wuri ne mai dacewa saboda damar samun ruwa mai zurfi ya ba da damar jiragen ruwa daga Landan su tashi kai tsaye zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Amma, masu shuka taba na cikin gida suna so su sanya sabon gari daga kogi (da kuma filayen taba da aka "bugawa" da kuma ci gaba da hawa a kan Hunting Creek .  A lokacin zaman majalisa na 1748-49, Washington tana da rawar da za ta inganta shafin kogin da kuma tabbatar da kuri'un da ake buƙata don amincewa da sabon gari a kan Potomac, inda zai fi dacewa ya yi wa Kamfanin Ohio hidima.

 Dubi kuma 

 Iyalin Washington
 Jerin labaran George Washington
 Tarihin George Washington

 Manazarta 

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