Al-Qalam

Pen (Arabic), ko Nūn (Arabic) shi ne babi na sittin da takwas (sūrah) na Alkur'ani tare da ayoyi 52 (āyāt). Alkur'ani 68 ya bayyana adalci na Allah da Ranar shari'a. Shahararrun jigogi guda uku na wannan Surah sune martani ga adawar abokan adawar, gargadi da gargadi ga masu kafirci, da kuma gargaɗin haƙuri ga annabin Musulunci Muhammadu. A cikin lokaci, wannan shine bayyanar farko na kowane haruffa "marasa haɗuwa" [watau, guda] wanda ke gaba da yawancin surahs na Alkur'ani,  yayin da a cikin tsari na Alkur" wannan shine surah na ƙarshe don samun bayyanar muqattaat. 

 Takaitaccen Bayani 

 1-8 Muhammadu ba mahaukaci ba ne ko kuma mai zamba
 9-16 Invective a kan babban abokin gaba na Islama
 17-34 Misali na wasu masu lambu gargadi ga Makkans
 35-47 An yi gargadi ga masu kafirci game da shari'a mai zuwa
 48-50 Muhammadu ya yi kira da kada a yi rashin haƙuri, kamar Yunana
 51-52 Ƙiyayya mai tsanani na Quraish ga Muhammadu 

 Aya ta Mugun Ido 

 Asbab al-nuzul 
Asbab al-nuzul (wasu lokuta ko yanayi na wahayi) wani nau'i ne na biyu na tafsirin Kur'ani ( tafsiri ) wanda aka yi nufi don kafa mahallin da aka saukar da takamaiman ayoyin kur'ani a cikinsa. Ko da yake ana amfani da wasu wajen sake gina tarihin kur'ani, asbab bisa ga dabi'a wani nau'in tafsiri ne maimakon nau'in tarihi, don haka yakan danganta ayoyin da ya yi bayani dalla-dalla da yanayi na gaba daya maimakon takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru. Yawancin mufassirun sun ce an saukar da wannan surar ne a Makka, a lokacin da adawa da Muhammadu ta yi karfi sosai da magana. Muhammad Asad, Al-Qur'an translation, The Message of the Qur'an, First Hardback, 1980, Dar Al-Andalus, Gibraltar,  Haka kuma, a nan ga alama babu wani tashin hankali na jiki ga musulmi .  Kamar yadda wasu malaman tarihi da suka hada da William Muir suka ce,  aya ta 9 zuwa ta 16 suna nuni ga Walid bn al-Mughirah a matsayin halayensa da suka dace da sifofin da aka siffanta a cikin wadannan ayoyin da kuma hadisin Ibn Abbas cewa: “Ba mu san wanda Allah ya siffanta shi da wulakanci da ya siffanta shi ba, yana yi masa wulakanci, wanda ba zai taba barinsa da wulakanci ba. 'Bugu da ƙari'] an haɗa shi ta hanyar ma'ana zuwa zanim, 'rashin hankali')".  Tafsirin jalalayn kuma ya yi nuni da alaqa a cikin aya ta 16: "Da sannu za mu yi masa alama a kan hanci"  Muhammad Asad, Al-Qur'an translation, The Message of the Qur'an, First Hardback, 1980, Dar Al-Andalus, Gibraltar,  kuma an sare masa hanci da takobi a yakin Badar . Sai dai kuma ba a taqaita wa mutum xaya ba kamar yadda ayatu ta siffanta nau’in mutumtaka ba suna ba Tafsir al-Jalalayn by Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli and Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti kuma bayanin ya fara da jam’i: “Saboda haka kada ku bi masu karyatawa”.  

 Lokacin wahayi 
Surahs a cikin Alkur'ani ba a shirya su a cikin tsari na lokaci-lokaci na wahay ba ne ko tsari na lokaci na wahay amma bisa ga Aisha: "Muhammed koyaushe yana karanta Alkur'an a cikin tsari har ma da addu'a" kuma akwai ayoyi da yawa game da tsari na Alkur'ana misali Surah Furqhan Verse 32 "...mun maimaita shi cikin cikakkiyar tsari".Har ila yau wasu imaams sun ce Muhammed ya umarci Ali ya shirya Alkur'ani a cikin tsari na lokaci. A cewar Israr Ahmed: Muhammed ya gaya wa mabiyansa sanyawa (Sahaba) a cikin tsari na Alkur'ani na kowane Wahy da aka bayyana tare da asalin rubutun Alkur'an, ba za a iya ɗaukar kalmar Israr Ahmed game da wannan a matsayin gaskiya ɗaya ko ra'ayi ɗaya kawai game da wannan batun ba. Wm Theodore de Bary, masanin ilimin Gabashin Asiya, ya bayyana cewa "Tsarin ƙarshe na tattarawa da tsara rubutun Alkur'ani an jagoranta shi da ƙa'ida ɗaya mai mahimmanci: Kalmomin Allah dole ne a karkatar da su ko kuma a gurbata su ta hanyar shiga tsakani na ɗan adam. Saboda wannan dalili, a bayyane yake, ba a yi ƙoƙari mai tsanani ba don gyara wahayi da yawa, shirya su cikin rukunin jigogi, ko kuma a cikin tsari na lokaci.... Surat Al-Qalam sura ce ta Makka  kuma meccan suras sune suras na baya-bayan nan waɗanda aka bayyana wa Muhammadu a Makka kafin hijra zuwa Madina a cikin 622 AZ. Yawanci sun fi guntu, tare da ɗan gajeren Ayat, kuma galibi suna kusa da ƙarshen surahs 114 na Alkur'ani. Yawancin surahs da ke dauke da muqatta'at sune Meccan. Daga nan gaba ban da al'adu, wannan surah ya cancanci zama Makka yawanci. A cewar wasu hadisai na gargajiya, sharhin da Tafsirs tsari da aka gabatar shine na biyu a wuri bayan wahayi na farko na Muhammadu. Tattaunawar goyon bayan wannan surah kasancewa wahayi na biyu ita ce Larabawa ba su san Mala'iku ba a lokacin Jahiliyyah kuma labarai na wahayi na farko na Muhammadu ya sa su so su yi sha'awar game da lafiyar Muhammadu, don haka don karyata wannan ra'ayin Allah ya bayyana ayaat bakwai na farko na Surah Qalam.

A gefe guda, sabon tsari da aka ba da shawarar shine matsayi na 18 bisa ga Theodor Nöldeke da John Medows Rodwell Muhammad Asad, Al-Qur'an translation, The Message of the Qur'an, First Hardback, 1980, Dar Al-Andalus, Gibraltar,  suna saita ƙungiyar tsari daga 2 zuwa 18. Sayyid Qutb (d. 1966), wanda marubucin Masar ne, Musulmi na 'yan uwan Musulmi na Masar, a cikin Magnum opus Fi Zilal al-Qur'an (A cikin inuwa na Alkur'ani) ya nuna gaskiyar da ke da ban sha'awa cewa buɗewa da ƙarshen surah suna magance wannan batu, saboda haka ba zai yiwu a gano takamaiman lokacin wahayi ba. George Sale ya kiyasta wahayi daga shekara ta huɗu ta Islama.

 Manazarta