Kibaraka

Kibaraka labari ne wanda aka samo daga Swahili, wanda aka buga a ƙarshen karni na 19. Masanin harshe Jan Knappert ya wallafa irin wannan labari tare da taken The Giant Horse, inda ake kira Kibaraka. A cikin duka biyun, wani matashi mai suna Kibaraka ya shiga cikin wani mai sihiri mai cin nama kuma ya tsere saboda taimakon Babban Doki; Hakanan tare da taimakon babban dashi, ya isa wani birni, inda ya auri yarima kuma ya yi jaruntaka.

An rarraba labarin a cikin Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index na duniya a matsayin ATU 314, "Goldener" (a baya, "Matasa da aka canza zuwa Doki"), a cikin sake zagayowar da ke farawa tare da mai gabatarwa yana aiki ga mai adawa kuma ya tsere daga gare shi a kan doki mai magana.

 Takaitaccen Bayani 

 Takaitaccen Bayani na Alice Werner 
Mawallafin Alice Werner ya ba da taƙaitaccen labarin, wanda ta ɗauka "labari ne mai yawa", kuma wasu sassansa sun bazu tare da tasirin Larabawa.[1] A cikin wannan labarin, an haifi ɗan sultan da ɗan vizier a rana ɗaya, sun zama abokai, amma ɗan sultan ya watsar da abokinsa a cikin jeji yayin tafiya. Wani zimwi ya sami dan vizier, wanda ya maraba da yaron a cikin kogonsa kuma ya umurce shi da kada ya buɗe wata kofa, kuma ya tafi ya gayyaci abokansa don bikin cin nama. Dan vizier ya buɗe ƙofar da aka haramta kuma ya sami babban doki a ciki, wanda ya gargadi shi da zimwi mai cin nama ne, kuma ya bukaci yaron ya saki kowane dabba a cikin gidan (koki, zaki, damisa da jaki), ya sace kwalabe bakwai na sihiri kuma ya tsere tare da shi daga kogon zimwi. Doki ya haɗiye dabbobin don ya tafi tare da shi, kuma ya tsere tare da yaron a cikin jerin "Magic Flight": ana jefa kwalabe bakwai a bayansu don ƙirƙirar cikas ga masu bin su (ƙaya, dutse, takobi, ruwa, wuta, teku). [2]

Babban doki da yaron sun isa wani wuri mai nisa, kuma dabbar ta kirkiro musu babban gida. Yaron ya ɗauki asalin "Kibaraka" ('Ƙaramin Albarka') kuma ya yi ado kamar bara. Ya tafi wani birni da ke kusa da shi a daidai lokacin da zai shiga cikin gwajin zabin mai neman aure: 'ya'ya mata bakwai na sultan na yankin za su jefa limes ga mazajensu da suka zaɓa, dattijo shida ya jefa nasu ga maza masu daraja kuma na bakwai ga Kibaraka. Daga baya, sultan ya yi rashin lafiya, kuma madarar damisa ce kawai za ta iya warkar da shi. Surukan Kibaraka sun kasa samun madara, lokacin da suka ga Kibaraka, wanda ba su gane shi ba, kuma sun amince da yarjejeniya: madara don nuna alamar bayansu. Bayan haka, Kibaraka, yana hawa babban doki zuwa yaƙi, ya yi yaƙi da sultan, surukinsa, abokan gaba. Daga nan sai ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Hamed, ɗan Wazir na ƙasar Basra .  Bisa ga kalmomin Kibaraka, kasancewa a cikin Larabci, Werner ya yi zaton an kawo labarin ne daga Larabawa zuwa gabar tekun Swahili.

 Fassarar Jan Knappert 
A cikin fassarar Knappert, wanda aka fassara a matsayin Giant Horse, matashi, wanda kuma ake kira Kibaraka, yana tafiya a wani wuri lokacin da ruhu ya kai shi gidansa kuma ya ba shi maɓalli, yana hana matashi ya buɗe ƙofofin a cikin ɗaki, in ba haka ba, zai cinye mutum. Tare da wannan, ruhun ya tafi, ya bar Kibaraka shi kaɗai a cikin kogon ruhun. Kibaraka ya buɗe ƙofofin a cikin gidan sarauta: ya sami takobi mai magana da kansa a cikin na farko; wuka mai magana, mai motsa kansa a cikin nke biyu; zaki mai magana wanda ya ba da nama, kuma a ƙarshe leopard mai magana wanda kuma ya ba da jiki. Ya yi sha'awarsa, kuma ya sauka zuwa ɗakin ajiyar masarautar don ganin abin da ke ɓoye a can: Babban Doki, wanda ke magana da Kibaraka kuma ya ce har yanzu za su iya tserewa idan matashi ya ciyar da shi. Bayan cin abinci, doki ya shawarci Kibaraka ya dauki kwalban ruwa bakwai tare da shi: kwalban teku, kwalban laka, kwalban wuta, kwalban ƙaya, kwalban dutse, kwalban allura da kwalban creeper. Doki ya gaya wa Kibaraka ya saki mutane da nau'ikan shanu da yawa (imbuta, shanu, tumaki, jaki), waɗanda babban doki ya haɗiye.

Ba da daɗewa ba, Kibaraka yana hawa babban doki daga gidan sarauta na ruhu, yana ɗauke da kwalabe bakwai. A kan hanya, Kibaraka ya lura da ƙurar ƙura tana motsawa a bayansu, wanda doki ya bayyana cewa ruhu ne da abokansa. Dabba sai ya gaya wa Kibaraka ya jefa kwalban da suka sace daga gidan sarauta, kowane kwalban yana haifar da cikas ta sihiri don hana masu bin su: kwalban mai tsinkaye ya saki gandun daji na creeper da lianas; kwalban ƙaya ya haifar da gandun daji, kwalban allura yana nuna manyan allurai da yawa; kwalban laka ya haifar da tuddai da bogs; kwalban ruwa ya haifar da babban dutse don toshe hanyar masu bin daji, kuma kwalban wuta. Kowane babban cikas yana iya hanawa da kashe ruhohin da ke bin, ya bar daya kawai. A ƙarshe, matasa sun saki kwalban teku, wanda ya haifar da babban teku tsakanin Kibaraka da doki da ruhun ƙarshe, wanda ba zai iya tsallaka jikin ruwa ba.

A nesa mai aminci, doki ya tsaya kusa da wani babban gida, inda suka zauna: doki ya buɗe bakinsa don ya saki shanu da suka sace daga gidan sarauta, kuma Kibaraka ya sayar da wasu dabbobi don samun kuɗi. Bayan wani lokaci, a cikin masarautar da ke kusa, sultan ya shirya auren 'ya'yansa mata bakwai: ta hanyar jefa lemun tsami ga masu neman su, za su zaɓi mazajen su. Tsoffin sarakuna shida sun jefa su ga matasa masu matsayi mai girma (na farko ga ɗan babban vizier kuma na biyu ga babban cadi, alal misali), amma Kibaraka ya kama lemun tsami mafi ƙanƙanta. Sultan ya fahimci Kibaraka mai sayar da jaki ne mai tawali'u, don haka yarima ta sake maimaita jefa ita sau biyu, kuma Kibaraka ta sake kama shi. Da yake murabus ga makomar 'yarta ta nufin Allah, sultan ya aurar da ita ga Kibaraka kuma ya fitar da ita zuwa gidan saurayin. Duk da cewa surukansa suna ba'a da ƙungiyar kuma 'yar'uwarta tana jin tausayi, yarima ta gano cewa gidan Kibaraka yana da shanu da bayin (mutane waɗanda shi da Giant Horse suka ceto daga ruhu).

Bayan wani lokaci, sarki ya yi rashin lafiya, kuma madarar zaki ce kawai za ta iya warkar da shi. Surukansa guda shida suna jin tsoro sosai don shiga cikin jeji don neman zaki, lokacin da Kibaraka ya bayyana a kotu tare da kwalban madarar zaki, wanda zaki da ya ceto ya ba shi. Daga baya, sarki ya sake yin rashin lafiya, kuma madara ce kawai daga damisa za ta iya warkar da shi. Har ila yau, surukan shida suna jin tsoron farautar damisa, lokacin da Kibaraka ya shiga tare da kwalban madarar damisa, wanda damisa da ya ceto daga ruhun ya ba shi. Bayan haka, yaƙi ya ɓarke, kuma sojojin arna sun fito daga jeji don kewaye da mulkin. Surukan sultan guda shida sun shiga yaƙi, amma suna tsoron rayukansu, sun gudu, don haka ya kai Kibaraka, suna hawa damisa kuma suna riƙe da takobi da wuka, don kayar da sojojin abokan gaba kuma su ceci rana. Yaƙi ya ci gaba na ɗan lokaci, kuma Kibaraka ya hau zaki a rana ta biyu, har yanzu yana amfani da takobi da wuka, wanda ke cin nasara ga abokan gaba. Surukan shida sun yi ihu ga sarki su ne wadanda suka ci sojojin abokan gaba, amma wani bawa ya bayyana wa sultan cewa wani jarumi mai ban mamaki ne ke da alhakin. Sultan, sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar ganin shi da kansa, kuma ya tafi fagen yaƙi washegari: Kibaraka, wanda sultan bai gane shi ba, ya hau yaƙi tare da babban doki kuma yana riƙe da takobi da wuka, yana kayar da abokan gaba har abada. Sojojin sultan sun tsayar da jarumin kuma sun kawo shi ga sultan, wanda ya gane jarumin a matsayin Kibaraka, wanda ya ba shi magunguna. Saboda haka, sultan ya sanya Kibaraka magajinsa.Knappert, Jan. Myths & legends of the Swahili. Heinemann Educational Books, 1970. pp. 198-203. .

 Bincike 

 Irin labarin 
An rarraba labarin a cikin Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index na duniya a matsayin nau'in ATU 314, "The Goldener":  matashi mai gashi na zinariya yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da lambu na sarki. Hakanan nau'in na iya buɗewa tare da yarima saboda wani dalili kasancewa bawan mugun mutum, inda ya sami kyaututtuka iri ɗaya, kuma labarin ya ci gaba kamar yadda yake a cikin wannan bambancin.

 Abubuwan gabatarwa 
Masana sun lura da abubuwa uku daban-daban na buɗewa ga irin labarin: (1) jarumin ya zama bawan mai sihiri kuma an hana shi buɗe wata ƙofa, amma ya yi kuma ya tsoma gashinsa a cikin tafkin zinariya; (2) mahaifiyarsa mai aminci ta tsananta wa jarumin, amma doki mai aminci ya gargadi shi kuma daga baya dukansu biyu sun gudu; (3) an ba jarumin ga mai sihiri a matsayin biyan kuɗi don taimakon mai sihiri tare da matsalar rashin haihuwa ta iyayensa Dammann, Günter. "Goldener (AaTh 314)". In: Enzyklopädie des Märchens Band 5: Fortuna – Gott ist auferstanden. Edited by Rudolf Wilhelm Brednich; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Helge Gerndt; Lutz Röhrich; Klaus Roth. De Gruyter, 2016 [1987]. pp. 1373-1374. . .Uther, Hans-Jörg (2004). The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica. p. 198. . Masanin tarihin Christine Goldberg, a cikin Enzyklopädie des Märchens, ya ba da labarin buɗewa ta biyu ga tsohon labari AaTh 532, "The Helpful Horse (Ban sani ba) ", inda mahaifiyarsa ta tsananta wa jarumin kuma ta gudu daga gida tare da doki.Goldberg, Christine. "Pferd: Das hilfreiche Pferd (AaTh 532)". In: Enzyklopädie des Märchens Band 10: Nibelungenlied – Prozeßmotive. Edited by Rudolf Wilhelm Brednich; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Helge Gerndt; Lutz Röhrich; Klaus Roth. De Gruyter, 2016 [2002]. p. 933.
. https://www.degruyter.com/database/EMO/entry/emo.10.177/html 

Masanin tarihin Amurka Bar Toelken ya fahimci yaduwar irin labarin a duk faɗin Arewa, Gabas da Kudancin Turai, amma ya gano nau'o'i uku: wanda ya bayyana a Turai (Subtype 1), inda mai gabatarwa ya zama bawan mutum mai sihiri, ya sami doki mai magana kuma ya gano ainihin mummunan yanayin mai ba da gudummawa, kuma ya sami launi na zinariya a wani ɓangare na jikinsa; labarin na biyu (Subtype 3), wanda aka samo a Girka, Turkiyya, Caucasus, Uzbekistan da Arewacin Indiya, inda aka haifi mai gabatin ta hanyar amfani da 'ya'yan itace na sihiri na uku; A cewar Toelken, wannan Subtype 2 shine "mafi tsufa", ana samunsa "a Kudancin Siberia, Iran, ƙasashen Larabawa, Bahar Rum, Hungary da Poland". A cikin wannan nau'in, jarumin (wanda zai iya zama yarima) da jariri an haife su a lokaci guda kuma sun zama abokai, amma rayuwarsu tana cikin haɗari lokacin da mahaifiyar jarumin ta nemi muhimmin jikin doki (ko ƙoƙarin kashe yaron don ɓoye al'amarin ta), wanda ke motsa su gudu daga ƙasarsu zuwa wata masarauta.

 Gabashin Afirka 
A cikin wani labari daga Swahili mai taken The Wonderful Warrior, Abdallah, ɗan Vizir, ya zama abokin wasan ɗan sultan, har sai ƙarshen ya gaji da shi. An kori Abdallah daga fadar kuma ya yi yawo a cikin hamada. Wani mai sihiri ya same shi kuma ya dauke shi a matsayin ɗan koyo. Wata rana, Mai sihiri ya bayyana cewa zai tafi tafiya, ya ba shi makullin gidansa, kuma ya gargadi shi kada ya buɗe wata kofa. Yayinda mai sihiri ya tafi, Abdallah ya buɗe kofa, kuma ya ga damisa, zaki da takobi mai magana. Ya buɗe ƙofar ƙarshe kuma ya sami doki. Doki ya gaya masa cewa Mai sihiri ya yaudare kuma ya cinye mai shi na baya, kuma wannan makomar na iya faruwa da Abdallah idan ba su tsere ba. Doki ya gaya masa ya yi shiri: ya ɗauki gadon, takobi da kwalabe bakwai daga kirji, kuma ya saki zaki da damisa. Abdallah ya tsere a kan doki kuma ya ga girgije na hayaki yana zuwa bayan su: shi ne Mai sihiri da wasu abokai. Doki ya gaya wa mahayin ya jefa daya daga cikin kwalabe a bayansu don ƙirƙirar cikas: gandun daji biyu na ƙayoyi, laka, dutse na duwatsu, bango na wuta, kuma a ƙarshe babban raƙuman teku. Abdallah da doki sun isa masarauta, kuma doki ya shawarce shi da ya sa tufafi matalauta da raguna. Abdallah ya tafi birnin ga taron da suka taru don ganin zabin mijin yarima ta hanyar jefa lemun tsami. Yarima ta bakwai ta jefa lemun tsami kuma ta sauka kusa da Abdallah. Mahaifinta, sultan, ya auri yarima ga sabon mai bara kuma ya sanya su a cikin wani kauye mara kyau. Bayan wani lokaci, yaƙi ya ɓarke sau uku, kuma sau uku Abdallah ya shiga yaƙi don kare mulkin surukinsa, amma an ba shi jaki mara kyau a matsayin doki. Ya ɗaure jaki zuwa itace kuma ya tuntubi doki, wanda ya shawarce shi ya hau abokan dabbobi zuwa yaƙi: damisa a yaƙi na farko, zaki a na biyu kuma doki a rana ta uku. Maƙiya sun koma baya, amma sun ji wa Abdallah rauni a hannunsa kafin su koma baya. Sarkin yana hawa tare da Abdallah, wanda har yanzu yana cikin siffarsa mai ban mamaki. A matsayin alamar girmamawa, sarki ya ɗaure kansa a kan baƙon, lokacin da ya nemi gafara kuma ya koma ga bayyanarsa mai bara. Sarkin ya nace ya san inda Abdallah yake da kuma dalilin da ya sa bai kasance a fagen yaƙi ba, don haka ya tafi ya yi magana da shi a hutunsa. Ya shiga dakin Abdallah kuma ya sami murfin a kusa da hannunsa da ya ji rauni da kuma iyakar kansa na sarauta a ƙarƙashin mayafin Abdallah. Abdallah ya bayyana dukan gaskiyar, kuma sarki ya yi alkawarin cika duk wani buƙata, don haka Abdallah ta nemi a sanya surukansa a cikin bayinsa, tunda sun yi masa ba'a. Sarkin ya amince da bukatarsa, kuma ya sanya Abdallah magajinsa.

A cikin wani labari na Swahili wanda Chauncey Hugh Stigand ya buga tare da taken Ali na Crooked Arm, Sultan yana da mata bakwai da yara bakwai, kamar yadda Wazir yake da mata bakwai na maza bakwai. Ɗan Sultan na bakwai yana da abota da ɗan Wazir na bakwai, wani yaro mai suna Ali wanda aka haife shi da hannu mara kyau. Dukkanin yaran sun nemi iyayensu su saya musu doki kowannensu, kuma sun shiga gasar hawa doki ta abokantaka. A rana ta farko, sun tafi, amma sun dawo lafiya da karfe shida. Kashegari, sun amince da tseren zuwa lambu kuma su kwashe grenades daga itace. Dukansu suna hawa zuwa itacen kuma kowannensu yana cire 'ya'yan itace, amma Ali ya ɗauki wanda ke riƙe da Jin na Jehan a ciki, wanda ke sace mutane a kowace shekara. Ali da abokinsa sun sake hawa, gasa mai tsanani tsakanin su, amma dan Sultan ya ga cewa doki na Ali yana tashi zuwa wani yanki. Lokacin da Ali da doki ya sauka, sai ya lura cewa ya ɓace, lokacin da Jin na Jehan ya bayyana ga yaron kuma ya gaya masa ya ɗaure doki. Kashegari, Jin ya gaya wa Ali ya ƙone tukunyar dafa abinci, kuma washegari, ya ba yaron maɓalli, yana gaya masa ya buɗe ɗaki ɗaya kawai, ba sauran shida ba. Yayinda Jin ya tafi, Ali ya ɗaga murfin tukunyar kuma ya sami sassan mutum suna dafa abinci a ciki. Yaron ya yi murabus ga makomarsa a matsayin wanda aka azabtar, kuma ya ji rauni a yatsansa yayin wasa da yake wasa da wuka. Bayan Jin ya dawo, sai ya sami raunin yaron kuma ya warkar da shi. Kashegari, Jin ya ce ba zai kasance ba har tsawon makonni biyu, kuma ya bar Ali shi kaɗai. Yaron ya yanke shawarar buɗe kowace kofa: a bayan na farko, ya sami babban doki wanda ya gargadi yaron Jin ya yi masa ƙarya, domin zai dawo cikin kwanaki takwas. Sai Ali ya buɗe sauran ƙofofin: ya sami budurwai bakwai suna karanta Alkur'ani (waɗanda za su kasance wadanda Jin ya shafa), wani cike da abincin doki, wani tare da takobi na sihiri, na biyu zuwa na ƙarshe yana riƙe da kwalabe bakwai na sihiri ("na farko yana cike da rana, na biyu na ruwan sama, na uku na allurar, na huɗu na ƙaya, na shida na, da na bakwai na teku"), kuma na ƙarshe yana ɓoye kayan ado na doki. Doki ya ba da yaron ya ciyar da shi alkama kafin Jin ya dawo don haka ya sake samun ƙarfinsa don tserewa. Ali ya ɗaure jaka bakwai a kan babban doki, kowane budurwa a cikin kowane jaka, da sauran jaka cike da alkama don doki da lu'u-lu'u masu daraja. Ali ya ɗauki kwalabe bakwai kuma ya hau doki ta cikin iska, Jin da 'yan uwansa bakwai suna ganin jirgin mutane. Jin da sauran aljanu suna bin doki, wanda ya sa Ali ya jefa kwalabe na sihiri, daya bayan daya: rana ta ƙone aljanu, ruwan sama ya zubo a kansu, allurar ta cutar da ƙafafunsu; ƙanƙara ta zubo a gare su, ƙayoyi don cutar da ƙafafansu, laka don sa hanya ta zame, kuma a ƙarshe kwalban teku ya haifar da teku tsakanin su, ya nutsar da aljanuwa da yawa. A nesa mai aminci, ma'aurata sun tsaya don hutawa kuma doki ya shawarci Ali ya amince da shi, kada ya yi magana da kowa har kwana bakwai lokacin da ya isa gida, kuma ya tambayi doki kafin wani abu. Ali ya shiga masarautarsa, mahaifinsa, Wazir, ya yi farin ciki da dawowarsa. Ali ya gina gida mai hawa bakwai, kuma ya sanya 'yan mata bakwai da ya ceto daga Jin. Mai bincike E. Ojo Arewa ya kirkiro tsarin rarrabuwa don labarun daga yankin shanu na arewacin Gabashin Afirka. Ya rarraba labarin Stigand a matsayin nau'in 4110 a cikin tsarinsa, wanda aka kwatanta da nau'in labarin duniya 314.Arewa, Erastus Ojo. A classification of folktales of the northern East African cattle area by types. New York: Arno Press, 1980. pp. 231, 296 (table of correspondences). .

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba