Antiguan da Barbudan Creole

Antiguan da Barbudan Creole yare ne na Turanci wanda ya fito ne daga hulɗa tsakanin masu magana da yarukan Kwa da masu magana da Antiguan da Ingilishi na Barbudan a Tsibirin Leeward .[lower-alpha 1] A yau, ana magana da shi a Antigua da Barbuda, Saint Kitts da Nevis, Anguilla, Montserrat, da wasu ƙauyuka a Dominica. Antiguan da Barbudan Creole shine yaren da aka fi magana a cikin kasashe biyu masu zaman kansu, kuma yana daya daga cikin yarukan da aka fi amfani da su a gabashin Caribbean. Harshen yana da kusan masu magana da asali 150,000.

Antiguan da Barbudia an haɗa da nau'ikan daban daban, waɗanda daga cikinsu suna da cikakkiyar juna ne. Saboda karuwar cudanya tsakanin matsugunai a cikin tsibiran Leeward, creole yana da nau'ikan ƙauye da yawa da suka bace da suka haɗa da juna. Mafi yawan magana iri-iri na creole, North Antiguan, an shafe su musamman ta hanyar raguwa da kuma tasiri daga wasu harsunan Ingilishi.

Yawancin ƙamus na Antiguan da Barbudan Creole asalin Ingilishi ne, kuma harshen yana da tsarin wasali na musamman da na nahawu. Antiguan da Barbudan Creole ya kasance yaren sadarwa na yau da kullun, don haka, ba a koyar da shi a makarantu ko amfani da shi wajen sadarwar ilimi na yau da kullun.

 Etymology 
A Antigua da Barbuda, ƙarshen Antiguan da Barbudan Creole shine raabak (  ) ko Aanteegan an' Baabyuudan .  Ana amfani da kalmar raabak a matsayin fi'ili ("domin magana danye baya"), kodayake ana iya amfani da kalmar azaman suna. Mafi na kowa  na harshen a tsakanin masana harshe shine "Antiguan da Barbudan Creole", wanda kuma ana iya kiransa "Antigua da Barbuda Creole English". Ana amfani da waɗannan kalmomin a cikin ma'auni na ISO 639-3, kuma kalmar "Leeward Caribbean Creole" ko "Leeward Caribbean Creole English"   ba ta da yawa.  Masu iya magana yawanci suna magana da yarensu maimakon dukan yare. 

 Tarihi 
An tabbatar da zama na farko na Ingilishi a Antigua da Barbuda a cikin 1632, kuma wani yare na musamman na Ingilishi da aka sani da Antiguan da Barbudan Turanci (ABE) ya fito daga ƙarshe.  A cikin 1674, an kafa shukar sukari na farko na Antigua, wanda ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a yawan bayi kuma tsibirin ya zama mafi yawan Afirka a cikin 1680s.  Antiguan da Barbudan Creole sun fito ne lokacin da masu magana da ABE suka yi hulɗa da bayin Afirka.    A cikin 1685 bauta a Barbuda ya fara, tare da Barbudans sun kasance kusan ware gaba ɗaya daga yawan fararen fata da sauran tsibiran, wanda ya haifar da bullar Barbudan Creole .  Kamar yadda akasarin bayi da aka kawo duka Antigua da Barbuda suna magana da harsuna daga gungu na Kwa, waɗannan harsunan sun zama tushen Antiguan da Barbudan Creole. 

Bayan 'yantar da harshen, tsoffin bayi sun ci gaba da yin magana, kuma da sabbin ƙauyuka suka bullowa harshen ya fara rarrabuwa zuwa yaruka daban-daban. Waɗannan ƙauyen ƙauye sun wanzu har zuwa 1960s, lokacin da mutane suka fara shiga cikin birane kuma yarukan tsibirin suka bayyana. Kudancin Antiguan Creole shi ne mafi ƙarancin tasiri ta wajen tasirin waje, don haka masu magana da wasu yarukan ne kawai za su iya fahimtar wani yanki. "Antiguan Creole: Genesis and Variation".  

Tun daga shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, ana kallon harshen da kyau, kuma yanzu ana iya ganin rubutun Antiguan da Barbudan Creole a wasu jaridu da talabijin. "Antiguan Creole: Genesis and Variation". 

 Rarraba yanki 
Antiguan da Barbudan Creole shine yare na farko a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna huɗu. Har ila yau, wasu tsiraru na jama'ar Dominica ne ke magana da harshen, wanda da farko ke magana da Dominican Creole Faransanci . A Dominica, Kokoy Creole yana magana da mafi yawan jama'a a wasu ƙauyukan arewa maso gabas, yare da ya fito a ƙarshen karni na sha tara daga Antiguan da Barbudan da kuma baƙi na Montserrat. 

A Antigua da Barbuda, akwai yaruka uku-Arewa Antiguan, Kudancin Antiguan, da Barbudan. Kudancin Antiguan Creole ana magana ne da farko a cikin Saint Mary da ƙauyen Swetes, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Round South". Wannan yanki na Antigua yana mamaye da Dutsen Shekerley, wanda ke ware shi sosai daga tsakiyar jama'ar tsibirin inda ake magana da Arewacin Antiguan Creole. Barbudan Creole ana magana ne kawai a cikin Barbuda da Barbudans. "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English | Ethnologue". 

A cikin Saint Kitts da Nevis, ana magana da yarensu ɗaya a cikin ƙasar, kuma ana magana da su sosai a yankin Capesterre. Yaren Anguillan yana da tasiri sosai daga wasu harsunan Ingilishi saboda keɓewar yanki, kuma Montserrat Creole yana cikin yare mafi kusanci zuwa Arewacin Antiguan. "Antiguan Creole: Genesis and Variation". 

 Ilimin sauti 
Antiguan da Barbudan Creole suna da baƙaƙe ashirin da biyu, wasula goma, da wasula biyu, da diphthong huɗu. Na musamman ga yare sune diphthongs (wasulan wasali) /ia/ (masanya da /ie/), /ua/ (masanya da /ua/), /ai/, da /ou/. Semi-wasalan wasali ne ta hanyar sauti, amma baƙaƙen sauti. /w/ da /j/ su ne ƙananan wasula biyu. A ƙasa akwai tebur na baƙaƙe a cikin Antiguan da Barbudan Creole: "Antiguan Creole: Genesis and Variation". 
Labial Alveolar Bayan-
alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m n ŋ M /
dangantaka mara murya p t t Ƙ c k murya b d dʒ Ɗa ɡ Ƙarfafawa mara murya f s ʃ h murya v z ʒ Kusanci l ɹ j w
Bambance-bambancen siffa na creole shine canjin wasu sautuna, kamar /v/ musanya da /b/ a cikin kalmar bex. /h/ faduwa shima ya zama ruwan dare a cikin harshe, yana sa /h/ cikin kalmomi kamar “gashi” ko “kai” shiru. /h/ shigarwa, akasin tsari, keɓantacce ga Kudancin Antiguan Creole. Misalin wannan yana cikin kalmar /haks/, kalmar Antiguan ta Kudu don “tambaya”. Ƙunƙashin /k/ da /g/ da shigar /j/ glides shima na kowa ne. "Antiguan Creole: Genesis and Variation". 

 Rubutun Rubutu 
A al'adance an rubuta yaren ta amfani da repelling iri-iri daga daidaitaccen Ingilishi. A Cibiyar Axarplex, akwai Cibiyar Nazarin Harshen Antiguan da Barbudan tare da manufar daidaita harshe, wanda ya inganta rubutun kalmomi masu zuwa: 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba