Makamashi a Taiwan

A shekarar 2024, kashi 83.2% na samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin TWh 288 na Taiwan ya fito ne daga man fetur (42.4% na iskar gas, 39.3% na kwal), kashi 4.2% na makamashin nukiliya, kashi 11.6% na makamashin da ake sabuntawa, da kuma kashi 1.1% na ajiyar da ake yi ta famfo .  Taiwan ta dogara ne da shigo da kayayyaki daga waje don kusan kashi 98% na makamashinta, wanda hakan ke sanya samar da makamashin tsibirin cikin mawuyacin hali. Domin rage wannan dogaro, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki ta ci gaba da bunkasa binciken makamashi a jami'o'i da dama tun daga shekarun 1990.

 Makamashi na nukiliya 
A tarihi, makamashi na nukiliya ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin makamashi ta Taiwan ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki mai aminci, musamman a cikin shekarun 1980s-2000. An fara yanke shawarar kawar da makamashin nukiliya a shekarar 2025 a cikin wani shiri mai ban sha'awa na sauya makamashi wanda Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party (DPP)  ta kirkira; wannan matakin ya hanzarta saka hannun jari na Taiwan a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Musamman, ya haifar da fadada ƙarfin hasken rana da na waje, tare da makamashi mai sabuntawa ya kai kusan 12% na makamashi a shekara ta 2024.

 Gas mai narkewa 
Sakamakon shekara-shekara na iskar gas (LNG) daga bincike da samarwa a cikin Taiwan shine 3-400 miliyan m3. Duk da yake a gefe guda, Taiwan ta shigo da m3 biliyan 18.4 na LNG, mai shigo da LNG na biyar mafi girma a duniya, da farko daga Qatar, Malaysia da Indonesia. Tashoshin wutar lantarki na LNG a Taiwan suna samar da wutar lantarki a farashin NT $ 3.91/kWh, fiye da farashin wutar lantarki da aka caji wa abokan ciniki.

An zabi Gwamnatin Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party ta Jamhuriyar Sin a karkashin Chen Shui-bian a farkon shekara ta 2000 yana alkawarin amincewa da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na iskar gas kawai a nan gaba, da kuma kara rabon iskar gas na samar da wutar wutar lantarki ta Taiwan zuwa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku a shekara ta 2010. Gwamnatin Shugaba Chen ta yi ƙoƙari ta dakatar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Longmen ta 2,600 MW, a halin yanzu ana ginawa, amma kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba za a iya zubar da ciki ba.

 Makamashi mai sabuntawa 
A watan Yunin shekara ta 2009, Majalisar Yuan ta zartar da dokar makamashi mai sabuntawa da nufin inganta amfani da makamashi masu sabuntawa, haɓaka bambancin makamashi da taimakawa rage iskar gas. Sabuwar dokar ta ba da izini ga gwamnati don inganta abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su don bunkasa makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban, gami da tsarin saye, abubuwan da za su iya amfani da shi don sauƙaƙe ƙuntatawa don kara karfin samar da makamashi na Taiwan da 6.5 gigawatts zuwa 10 gigawatts a cikin shekaru 20.

 Manazarta