Fari a Chile

A cikin tarihinta, Chile tana fama da fari a kai a kai. A cikin mafi ƙasƙanci na Chile ana samun fari lokacin da aka sami ƙarancin yawan dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Andes. Rashin ruwa na bakin teku na Chile ba tare da tarin dusar ƙanƙara ba suna da haɗari ga fari.

Ƙasar ta Tsakiyar Chile ta fuskanci fari na dogon lokaci a cikin 1280-1450, 1570-1650, 1770-1820 da 2010-yanzu.

 Rashin ruwa na tarihi 

 fari na 1770-82 
Lokacin 1770-1782 ya kasance daya daga cikin fari gaba ɗaya a Tsakiyar Chile tare da jimlar shekaru uku da ba a jere ba na matsanancin fari. A cikin 1772 gonakin inabi da gonakin amfanin gona a gefen Kogin Mapocho a Santiago ba za a iya ban ruwa ba. Wannan fari ya sa hukumomi su fara gina tashar San Carlos da aka tsara tun da daɗewa a cikin 1772 don karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Maipo zuwa Kogin Mapocho.

 fari na shekara ta 1924 
A shekara ta 1924 fari ya bazu tsakanin lardunan Coquimbo da Maule. A Lardin Coquimbo kashi 70% na alkama daga ƙasar da ba a ban ruwa ba ya ɓace yayin da a yankunan da aka ban ruwa asarar girbi ya kai kashi 20%. Farashin jigilar dabbobi zuwa wuraren da ke kudu da Curicó ya ragu da kashi 40% saboda kusan babu ciyawa ko tsire-tsire don dabbobi su ci a Norte Chico.

Mutanen karkara a yankin Coquimbo sun taru a kusa da garuruwan Illapel, Combarbalá da Ovalle .  Daga baya mai kula da Coquimbo ya yi iƙirarin cewa kusan mutane Yaƙi sun bar lardin sakamakon fari.

 Babban fari na 1968 
Farin da Chile ta fuskanta tsakanin 1968, wanda aka fi sani da Babban Fari na 1968, yana daya daga cikin mafi girman gibin ruwan sama a kasar a cikin karni na ashirin, kwatankwacin fari na 1924 kawai.[1]. Farin ya samo asali ne daga ƙananan hazo da ya faɗi a cikin 1967.[2] Yankin da fari ya shafa ya kama daga lardin Atacama a arewa zuwa Ñuble a kudu.

Rashin fari ya haifar da babbar asarar noman dankali, shinkafa, masara, wake. Itacen 'ya'yan itace da gonakin inabi suma sun shafa. shanu dubu 100 da tumaki miliyan 1 sun mutu saboda fari. Madara, nama da fitar da ulu sun ragu. A watan Satumbar 1969 kawai awaki dubu 250 ne suka rage daga yawan mutanen da suka gabata na dubu 650.

A duk yankunan karkara na Norte Chico, manoma da al'ummomi da yawa sun rasa ruwa har ma don amfani da mutum. A shekara ta 1969 manoma sun sami tallafi daga cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi da hukumomin jihar da suka hada da cire haraji da layin bashi don sayen abinci.

A tsakiyar Chile, yawan kogin yana ƙaruwa a watan Disamba, amma wannan bai faru a shekarar 1968 ba. Chile manoma da yawa sun yanke shawarar kada su noma a farkon lokacin rani saboda wannan kuma ga sanannen gaskiyar cewa kusan babu dusar ƙanƙara a Andes. Daga baya a lokacin rani koguna sun girma saboda raguwar kankara, wanda ya sa manoma da yawa su tuba duk da cewa ya makara don noma.

Rushewar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa (Rashin wutar lantarki ya kasance na MW 200) an biya wani bangare ta hanyar samun shuke-shuken thermoelectric na Ventanas, Renca da Laguna Verde a iyakar iya aiki. Samar da kwal na ƙasa daga ma'adinan Lota-Schwager bai isa ba don samar da buƙata kuma gwamnati ta ba da izinin shigo da ton dubu 50 na kwal daga Amurka, Poland, Faransa da Jamus.

A cikin shekarar 1969-1970, yankin da fari ya shafa ya ragu daga latitudes na 27-36 ° S zuwa 27-32 ° S.

 fari na 1998 
Farawa a watan Janairun 1997 abin da ya faru na El Niño ya shafi Chile a cikin shekara 1 har zuwa 1998.  Yanayin teku yana da yawa a cikin Pacific.

Rashin ruwa na 1998 ya haifar da karancin makamashi a SIC, babban wutar lantarki na Chile. Rashin makamashi ya kara muni saboda matsaloli  Nehuenco Power Plant wanda iskar gas ta fitar. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Zona Sur ya kasance ƙasa da ƙarancin rikodin da suka gabata: a Valdivia kawai 1,033.8 millimeters ko 40.70 inci ya faɗi kuma a Concepción kawai 598.6 millimeters Ko 23.57 inci, yayin da mafi ƙasƙanci kafin 1996 ya kasance 674 millimeters (26.54 in) a 1924. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Rikicin ruwa na Chile 
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1980 na Chile wanda aka kirkira a karkashin mai mulkin kama-karya Augusto Pinochet ya amince da haƙƙin amfani da ruwa a matsayin mallakar masu zaman kansu[1] A cikin 1981, gwamnatin Pinochet ta sake rubuta dokokin da ke tsara haƙƙin amfani da ruwa da ruwa (Código de Aguas), yana ba da siyarwa da siyar da haƙƙin amfani da ruwa daidai da kasuwar hannun jari.  An zargi sayar da haƙƙin ruwa a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da ƙananan matakan ruwa a wasu yankuna. Chile ta fara fuskantar fari a cikin 2010 kuma a cikin 2020, hazo ya kasance 20-45% na matsakaicin ƙasa da 10-20% na matsakaitan a yankin Santiago.   A shekara ta 2022, Chile ta kasance a matsayi na 16 na 164 don damuwa da ruwa a duniya bisa ga Jami'ar Chile. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, Chile ta fara shirin raba ruwa.

 Bayanan da aka ambata