Tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York da New Jersey

Tashar jiragen ruwa na New York da New Jersey gundumar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta yankin New York-Newark  wanda ke kewaye da yankin da ke da nisan kusan mil 25 (kilomita 40) na Babban Mutuwar 'Yanci ta Kasa.

Ya haɗa da tsarin hanyoyin ruwa da ake kewayawa a cikin Estuary Harbour New York – New Jersey, wanda ke tafiyar sama da mil 770 (kilomita 1,240) na bakin teku a kusa da birnin New York da arewa maso gabashin New Jersey.  kuma an dauke shi ɗayan manyan tashar jiragen ruwa a duniya.

Da yake ya kasance tashar jirgin ruwa mafi yawan jama'a a Gabashin Gabas  ya zama tashar jiragen sama mafi yawan jamaʼa ta hanyar jigilar kaya a Amurka a cikin 2022  kuma babbar injiniyar tattalin arziki ce ga yankin.  

Tashoshin jiragen saman yankin sun mayar da tashar ta zama babbar kofa ta ƙasa don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma cibiyarta mafi yawan zirga-zirgar fasinja da jigilar jiragen sama. Akwai yankuna biyu na kasuwancin waje (FTZ) a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa.

 Yanayin ƙasa 

 Gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa 
Ya ƙunshi yanki mai nisan kusan mil 25 (kilomita 40) na Babban Monument na 'Yanci na Kasa, gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙunshi duka ko ɓangaren gundumomi goma sha bakwai a yankin. Taran da ke cikin gundumar sune Hudson, Bergen, Essex, Union (a New Jersey), da gundumomi biyar na New York City, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gundumomin New York, Bronx, Sarakuna, Queens, da Richmond. Abutting sassan Passaic, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, da Somerset a New Jersey, da Nassau, Westchester, da Rockland a New York suma suna cikin gundumar.

 Hanyoyin ruwa 

 Jikin ruwa 
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duniya.

Tekun Atlantika yana kudu maso gabashin tashar. Tekun da ke ƙofar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ana kiranta New York Bight; Ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin mashigin Sandy Hook da Rockaway. 

In Lower New York Bay and its western arm, Raritan Bay, vessels orient themselves for passage to the west into Arthur Kill or Raritan River or to the north to The Narrows. To the east lies the Rockaway Inlet, which leads to Jamaica Bay. The Narrows connects to the Upper New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River,"United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook". U.S. Government Printing Office. October 8, 1992 – via Google Books. which is sometimes (particularly in navigation) called the North River. Large ships are able to navigate upstream to the Port of Albany-Rensselaer. To the west lies Kill van Kull, the strait leading to Newark Bay, fed by the Passaic River and Hackensack River, and the northern entrance of Arthur Kill.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]

Ana shigar da tashar Gowanus Canal da Tashar Milk daga gabas. Kogin Gabas wani yanki ne mai fadi wanda ke tafiya arewa zuwa Newtown Creek da Kogin Harlem, yana juya gabas a Ƙofar Jahannama kafin buɗewa zuwa Long Island Sound, wanda ke ba da hanyar shiga teku.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]

 Hanyoyin sadarwa 
tashar jiragen ruwa ta kunshi wani hadaddun kusan kilomita 240 (kilomita 386) na tashoshin jigilar kayayyaki, da  tashar jiragen ruwa da wuraren tashar jiragen kasa. Yawancin jiragen ruwa suna buƙatar pilotage,    kuma manyan jiragen ruwa suna neman taimakon Jirgin ruwa don juyawa mafi kaifi.

Ambrose yana jagorantar daga teku zuwa Upper Bay, inda ya zama Anchorage Channel .  Tashoshin da ke haɗa su ne Bay Ridge, Red Hook, Buttermilk, Claremont, Port Jersey, Kill Van Kull, Newark Bay, Port Newark, Elizabeth, da Arthur Kill. Anchorages an san su da Stapleton, Bay Ridge da Gravesend.

Rashin zurfin tashar jiragen ruwa yana da kimanin ƙafa 17 (5 , amma an zurfafa shi tsawon shekaru, zuwa zurfin iko na kimanin ƙafa 24 (7  a cikin 1880. A shekara ta 1891, Babban Tashar Jirgin ya kasance mai zurfi  . Biye da Dokar Koguna da Harbors na 1899 an ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.2 na kudade na farko don hawan tashoshi masu zurfi 40 ft (12.2  a Bay Ridge, Red Hook, da Sandy Hook.  A shekara ta 1914, Ambrose Channel ya zama babban ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa, a zurfin ƙafa 40 (12  da faɗin ƙafa 2,000 (600 . A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu an haƙa babban tashar zuwa zurfin mita 45 (14 m) don saukar da manyan jiragen ruwa har zuwa girman Panamax. 

A cikin 2016, Rundunar Sojojin Injiniyoyi sun kammala aikin zurfafa dala biliyan 2.1, zurfafa tashoshin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa ƙafa 50 (15 m) don ɗaukar tasoshin kwantena na Post-Panamax, waɗanda za su iya wucewa ta hanyar Faɗaɗɗen Canal na Panama da Suez Canal.  

Wannan ya kasance tushen damuwar muhalli tare da tashoshi masu haɗa kayan kwantena a Port Newark zuwa Tekun Atlantika. PCBs da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa suna kwance a cikin bargo kusa da ƙasa. A cikin Yuni 2009 an ba da sanarwar cewa 200,000 cubic yadi na PCBs da aka bushe za a "tsabta" kuma a adana su gaba ɗaya a wurin tsohon filin wasa na Yankee da kuma a Brooklyn Bridge Park.

A wurare da yawa an tono ƙasan yashi har zuwa dutse kuma yanzu yana buƙatar fashewa. Kayan aikin toshewa daga nan sai su ɗauki dutsen su jefar da shi. A wani lokaci a cikin 2005, akwai nau'ikan kayan aikin bushewa guda 70 waɗanda ke aiki don zurfafa tashoshi, mafi girman jirgin ruwa na kayan aikin bushewa a ko'ina cikin duniya.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]

Tashar Hudson ita ce Anchorage Channel kuma tana da zurfin mita 50 a tsakiyar Upper Bay. An fara aikin maye gurbin manyan ruwa guda biyu tsakanin Brooklyn da Staten Island, wanda zai ba da izinin hako tashar zuwa kusan  , a watan Afrilun 2012. Sojojin Sojoji sun ba da shawarar cewa a kiyaye mafi yawan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a zurfin ƙafa 50. An kammala zubar da magudanar ruwa zuwa ƙafa 50 a watan Agustan shekara ta 2016.  

Tashoshin sun hada da gadoji waɗanda ke iyakance tsawo na jiragen ruwa waɗanda zasu iya amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin Verrazzano-Narrows yana da sarari na   a matsakaicin ruwa mai girma. Brooklyn Bridge yana da   na sharewa, yayin da Bayonne Bridge ya tashi daga   zuwa  .

 Jirgin sama 
Matukan jirgin na Sandy Hook matukin jirgi ne masu lasisi da ke tafiya cikin jiragen ruwa, masu jigilar fasinja, dakon kaya, da tankunan ruwa kuma suna da alhakin kewaya manyan jiragen ruwa ta gundumar tashar jiragen ruwa."United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Cape Cod to Sandy Hook". U.S. Government Printing Office. October 8, 1992 – via Google Books.