Cutar kwayar cutar Mayaro

Cutar kwayar cuta Mayaro ce da ke dauke da sauro wanda ke faruwa a wasu gandun daji masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka. Cutar da kwayar cutar Mayaro tana haifar da cututtukan dengue masu tsanani, masu iyakance kansu na tsawon kwanaki 3-5.  Kwayar cutar, kwayar cutar Mayaro (MAYV), tana cikin dangin Togaviridae, da kuma jinsin Alphavirus. Yana da alaƙa da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da cutar dengue tare da Arthralgia mai tsawo. An san shi ne kawai don zagayawa a wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka.

 Kwayar cuta 
Kwayar cutar Mayaro tana da tsari mai kama da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. Kwayar cuta ce da aka lullube kuma tana da capsid na icosahedral tare da diamita na 70 nm. Kwayar cutar ta ƙunshi layi, mai ma'ana, RNA mai ma'auni ɗaya tare da nucleotides 11,429, ban da 5" cap nucleotide da 3" poly (A) wutsiya. 

Kwayar halittar MAYV RNA ta ƙunshi yankin 5 ' wanda ba a fassara shi ba, yankin 3 ' wanda ba shi da lambar, da kuma bangarorin karatu guda biyu (ORFs). 5' proximal da 3' proximum ORFs an raba su da gajeren lokaci, jerin da ba na lambar ba kuma suna wakiltar kashi biyu bisa uku da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na RNA na genomic, bi da bi. Lambobin ORF na kusa da 5 don polyprotein wanda bayan ya rabu ya samar da sunadarai marasa tsari (nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, nsP4) da kuma 3"-proximal ORF tare da lambobin mai gabatar da 26S don polypro protein wanda aka raba cikin sunadarai na tsari don samar da sunadaran capsid da glycoproteins na envelope (E1, E2, E3, C, 6K).Lavergne A, de Thoisy B, Lacoste V, Pascalis H, Pouliquen JF, Mercier V, Tolou H, Dussart P, Morvan J, Talarmin A, Kazanji M (2006). "Mayaro virus: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic relationships with other alphaviruses". Virus Research. 117 (2): 283–90. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.11.006. PMID 16343676. S2CID 1282758.

Protein marasa tsari (nsP) suna aiki daban-daban a cikin sake zagayowar kwayar cuta. NsP1 enzyme ne na mRNA, nsP2 yana da aikin protease, kuma nsP4 RNA ne kai tsaye polymerase. An raba polyprotein ɗin tsari zuwa sarƙoƙi shida: capsid protein (C), p62, E3 protein ko spike glycoprotein E3, E2 envelope glycopro protein ko spide glycoprootin E2, 6K protein, da E1 envelope glucoprotein wanda aka fi sani da spike gly Coprotein E1 . Netto M.C.M.G., Shirako Y., Strauss E.G., Carvalho M.G.C., Strauss J.H. Submitted (FEB-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Abinda ke cikin ambulaf yana da mahimmanci ga kwanciyar hankali da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa  Da zarar kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin tantanin halitta, ana saki RNA na genomic a cikin cytoplasm, inda ake fassara ORF guda biyu zuwa sunadarai kuma kira na RNA mara kyau ya fara. Ana samun haɗin kai a jere na RNA mai kyau.

Binciken jerin MAYV ya nuna nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta guda biyu (D da L). Amplicon da aka yi amfani da shi don nazarin phylogenetic ya haɗa da kwayoyin E1 da E2 glycoprotein da 3' NCR. An rarraba kwayar halitta D a Trinidad, Brazil, Guiana ta Faransa, Surinam, Peru, da Bolivia, yayin da kwayar halitta L ta iyakance ga yankin arewa maso tsakiya na Brazil.

 Binciken ganewa 
Cutar MAYV tana da zazzabi, ciwon kai, myalgia, rash, ciwo mai tsanani a cikin manyan haɗin gwiwa, da kuma alaƙa da cututtukan rheumatic,   amma waɗannan alamu da alamun ba su da mahimmanci don rarrabewa daga sauran arboviruses. Ana iya tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar MAYV ta hanyar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje kamar keɓewar kwayar cuta, RT-PCR, da kuma serology. Keɓewar kwayar cuta a cikin al'adun tantanin halitta tana da tasiri a lokacin kwayar cutaa. RT-PCR yana taimakawa wajen gano kwayar cuta. Gwaje-gwaje na Serology suna gano magungunan rigakafi kamar IgM kuma gwajin da aka fi sani da shi shine gwajin rigakafin rigakafin da aka haɗa da IgM (ELISA). Wannan gwajin yawanci yana buƙatar sake gwadawa a jere don tabbatar da karuwar lakabi. Yayinda ake amfani da ganowar IgG don nazarin yaduwar cututtuka.

 Yaduwar cututtuka 
Tsarin yaduwar kwayar cutar a cikin daji yayi kama da ci gaba da zazzabin zazzabin rawaya, kuma an yi imanin cewa ya haɗa da dabbobi na daji (birai) a matsayin tafkin halitta da sauro na Haemagogus mai zama a cikin itace a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto. Cututtukan mutane suna da alaƙa sosai da fallasa yanayin gandun daji mai zafi. Kwayar cutar Chikungunya tana da alaƙa da juna, tana haifar da kusan rashin bambanci, cutar arthralgic mai rauni sosai.Receveur MC, Grandadam M, Pistone T, Malvy D (2010). "Infection with Mayaro virus in a French traveller returning from the Amazon region, Brazil, January, 2010". Euro Surveillance. 15 (18). PMID 20460093.

A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2011, wani tushen labarai na harshen Portuguese ya ba da rahoton binciken da aka yi kwanan nan wanda ya bayyana aikin kwayar cutar Mayaro a Manaus, Jihar Brazil_state)" id="mweg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas, Brazil. Binciken ya yi nazarin samfurori na jini daga mazauna 600 na Manaus waɗanda suka fuskanci zazzabi mai tsanani; An gano kwayar cutar Mayaro a cikin lokuta 33. Hudu daga cikin wadanda suka kamu da cutar sun sami alamun zubar da jini, wanda ba a bayyana shi a baya a cutar kwayar cutar Mayaro ba. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa wannan barkewar ita ce ta farko da aka gano a cikin babban birni.

 Shari'o'in baya-bayan nan 
An bayar da rahoton barkewar cutar a Sashen Chuquisaca, Bolivia, wanda ya shafi mutane 12, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007. 

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, wani yawon bude ido na Faransa ya kamu da zazzabi mai tsanani da bayyanar cututtukan haɗin gwiwa bayan tafiya ta kwanaki 15 a cikin kwandon Amazon, Brazil, kuma an gano shi da kamuwa da cutar MAYV a Faransa. Wannan shari'ar ita ce ta farko da aka ruwaito a cikin matafiyi da ya dawo daga wata ƙasa ta Kudancin Amurka zuwa Turai. Hakanan an kai cutar kwayar cutar Mayaro zuwa Amurka ta hanyar baƙi biyu da suka kamu da cutar a gabashin Peru  da kuma cikin Netherlands ta hanyar ma'aurata da suka kamu yayin hutu a Suriname. 

An bayar da rahoton barkewar cutar Mayaro ta farko a cikin mutane a Venezuela a farkon watan Yunin 2010, tare da kamuwa da cutar 69 da aka gano a Ospino, jihar Portuguese, da kuma ƙarin biyu a San Fernando de Apure, jihar Apure, a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2010, don jimlar kamuwa da rahoton 71 har zuwa 8 ga Yuni. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba