Aisha Rateb

Aisha Rateb (Arabic; 22 ga Fabrairu 1928 - 4 ga Mayu 2013) lauya ce ta Masar, 'ɗan siyasa, kuma Jakadan mata na farko na Masar. Ta kuma kasance farfesa a fannin shari'ar kasa da kasa a Jami'ar Alkahira . 

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Rateb a Alkahira a cikin iyali mai ilimi.

 Ilimi 
Lokacin da ta halarci kwaleji, ta fara karatun adabi a Jami'ar Alkahira, amma ta koma shari'a bayan mako guda kawai na karatu. Rateb ta kammala karatu dagRubutu mai gwaɓia Jami'ar Alkahira a 1949, ta tafi Paris na ɗan lokaci don ci gaba da ilimi sannan ta sami digirinta na PhD a shari'a a shekarar 1955.

Rateb ta nemi zama alƙali a kan Conseil de'Etat (mafi girman kotun Shari'a a Misira) a 1949, kuma an ƙi ta saboda jinsi. Firayim Minista na lokacin, Hussein Serry Pasha, ya ce samun mace alƙali "ya saba wa al'adun al'umma". Ta kai karar gwamnati kan dalilin da ya sa aka keta hakkokinta na kundin tsarin mulki. Shari'arta ita ce ta farko a Misira, kuma lokacin da ta rasa shari'ar, shugaban Majalisar Jiha, Abdel-Razek al-Sanhouri ya yarda da ita, cewa ta rasa ne kawai saboda dalilai na siyasa da al'adu, ba bisa ga dokar Masar ko shari'a ba. Shari'ar da rubuce-rubucen ra'ayi na al-Sanhouri sun ƙarfafa wasu mata su bi su, kodayake babu wanda ya zama alƙalai har zuwa 2003, lokacin da aka nada Tahani al-Gebali a matsayin alƙali. A shekara ta 2010, Firayim Ministan Masar ya ba da umarnin sake dubawa game da yanke shawara na baya-bayan nan game da ba da izinin alƙalai mata. A watan Yulin 2015, an rantsar da mata 26 a matsayin alƙalai.

 Ayyukan siyasa 
Rateb ta kasance daga cikin kwamitin tsakiya na Tarayyar Socialist ta Larabawa a 1971, inda ta taimaka wajen rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Masar.  Daga cikin dukkan mambobin kwamitin, ita kadai ce ta ki amincewa da "ikon da Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya baiwa shugaban kasar Anwar al-Sadat na lokacin".

Bayan saki, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Inshora da Harkokin Jama'a daga 1974 zuwa 1977, kuma ita ce mace ta biyu da ta rike wannan mukamin. A lokacin da take can ta sami damar aiwatar da sauye-sauye ga mata a kasar. Rateb ta sami damar yin hakan ko da yake yayin da sheikhs masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi suka yi ƙoƙari su lalata sunanta. Rateb ya ci gaba da sanya takunkumi kan auren mata da yawa kuma ya tabbatar da cewa kisan aure ne kawai idan alƙali ya shaida shi. Ta kuma yi aiki don taimakawa wadanda ke cikin talauci, kuma ta zartar da doka don taimakawa wajen daukar nakasassu aiki. Lokacin da gwamnati ta ɗaga tallafi kan kayayyaki masu mahimmanci, matakin da zai shafi talakawa a Misira, ta yi murabus a shekarar 1977 a lokacin tashin hankali.

A shekara ta 1979, an nada Rateb a matsayin jakadan mace ta farko ta Masar.  A matsayinta na jakada, ta jagoranci Masar a kan "matsayi mai kyau a cikin duniyar da ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen duniya". Ta kasance jakada a Denmark daga 1979 zuwa 1981 da kuma Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus daga 1981 zuwa 1984.

Rateb ta soki tsohon shugaban Masar Hosni Mubarak saboda ta ji cewa mulkinsa ya haifar da rarrabuwa mafi girma tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta.Sami, Aziza (9 May 2013). "Obituary: Aisha Rateb (1928-2013) Women's Struggle: One Champion Down". Al-Ahram Weekly (1147). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

 Mutuwa 
Rateb ya mutu a Giza bayan bugun zuciya kwatsam a shekarar 2013.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928