Fula haruffa

Fula language (Fula: Fulfulde, Pulaar, or Pular) is written primarily in the Latin script, but in some areas and contexts is still written in an older Arabic script called the Ajami script or in the recently invented Adlam script.

 Tarihi 
A cikin karni na 10, an gabatar da Islama a Sahel na Yammacin Afirka kuma ya zama addinin malamai da 'yan kasuwa a biranen da suka yi ciniki sosai tare da' yan kasuwa na Arewacin Afirka. A lokaci guda da Islama ta iso Alkur'ani da Rubutun Larabci, wanda malaman Afirka ta Yamma suka yi nazari wanda ya koyi karatu, rubutu da magana da Larabci. Tare da wannan, ɗalibai da yawa da ke wucewa ta hanyar ilimin Koranic za su rubuta bayanan rubutu a cikin yarensu na asali, yawanci a gefen littattafai.

An san cewa wasu malaman Fulani suna daga cikin daliban da ke karatu a biranen kamar Timbuktu da Gao, saboda haka yana yiwuwa cewa an rubuta Fulfulde tun daga karni na 16 zuwa 17. Yayin da Islama ta isa ƙasashen Fulani a ƙarni na 17 da 18, Jihads na Fula sun kirkiro jihohin Islama da yawa a Yammacin Afirka wanda ya canza yawan jama'a kuma ya kirkiro aji na malaman da za su yi muhawara, magana, rubutu da karatu a cikin Fulani. Jihohin Imamate na Futa Jallon daga 1725 da Khalifancin Sokoto daga 1804 duka sun kasance cibiyoyin ilimi na Yammacin Afirka, tare da shayari, kimiyya, tarihi, falsafar, da addini da aka yi muhawara a Fulfulde.

 Harafin Latin 

 Kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su 
Akwai bambance-bambance dangane da manufofin ƙasar ko yaren Fula da aka yi amfani da shi. Akwai wasu ka'idojin da UNESCO ta kafa daga tarurruka na baya:
+Kwatanta Kalmomin daban-daban don PularIPA
SautiPulaar 
Fuuta TooroPular 
Fuuta JallonFulfulde 
MassinaFulfulde 
AdamawaFulfulde 
BagirimiBayani[ʔ]' -'''Tsayar da aka yi amfani da shi yana nan a duk bambance-bambance sai dai Pulaar Futa Jallon, inda aka rubuta shi kuma an rubuta shi a matsayin Austin.[ʄ]J j -Tun daga nanJ j -Yawancin lokaci ana wakiltar J a cikin yarukan sauti ya bayyana, sai dai Massina wanda ba shi da sautin kuma ya yanke shawarar amfani da ita a nan a maimakon haka.[q] -Tun da haka - - -Halin da sauti kawai suna cikin Pulaar Fuuta Jallon[ᵐb]Mb mbNbMb mbMb mbMb mbPulaar Massina da Pulaar Bagirimi ba su haɗa da phoneme a kan haruffa ba amma a maimakon haka rubuta shi a matsayin al'ada.[ɲ]Ñ ñÑ ñYa kuma yi amfani da shi a matsayinNi ny nyN n n n nÑ da N̰ suna da tasiri daga Mutanen Espanya (ta hanyar Faransanci) yayin da Harshen Pan-African na Najeriya ke amfani da Ny kai tsaye[x]X x - -X x -Sai kawai sauti a cikin Fuuta Toro da Adamawa[jˤ]Tun daga nan - -Tun daga nanTun daga nanHalin da aka amince da shi a taron UNESCO, duk da haka harsuna daban-daban sun sanya shi don alamomi daban-daban, musamman Pulaar Fuuta Jallon da Pulaar Massina
sauti daban-daban, musamman Pulaar Fuuta Jallon da Pulaar Massina[ʔʲ] -Tun daga nan - - -

 Pular Fuuta Jalon (Guinea) 
Pular Fuuta Jaloo yaren Fula ne da ake magana a Guinea . Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Guinea ta karɓi ka'idojin fassarar ga dukan harsunan Guinea bisa ga haruffa da haɗin diacritic da ke akwai a kan na'urorin buga Faransanci daga wannan lokacin. An yi amfani da haruffa na yarukan Guinea a hukumance don harsunan asalin Guinea har zuwa 1989.

An kafa taron don sake fasalin haruffa a cikin 1988,  kuma an yanke shawarar karɓar rubutun da ya yi kama da haruffa na Afirka wanda aka yi amfani da shi a ko'ina cikin Afirka ta Yamma.   A game da Pular, wannan canjin ya kawo rubutun hukuma cikin jituwa da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a wasu ƙasashe.

manazarta Rubutu mai gwaɓi