Harlem Ƙasar Kabari ta Afirka

Harlem African Burial Ground wani kabari ne da aka kirkira a shekara ta 1668 don binne 'yan Afirka da aka' yanci a yankin Harlem na Holland. Tana cikin abin da ke yanzu 2460 Second Avenue a yankin East Harlem na Manhattan a Birnin New York. An kiyaye shi har zuwa 1858 ta Elmendorf Reformed Church, magajin Low Dutch Reformed Church of Harlem wanda ya kafa makabarta. Kodayake masana tarihi na New York da Harlem, da kuma masana tarihi na coci, sun san da wanzuwar makabartar, al'ummar Gabashin Harlem ba su san tarihinta ba har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1990 lokacin da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Birnin New York (DOT) ta fara tsara sake gina Willis Avenue Bridge da ke kusa. Binciken ya nuna cewa ginin na iya shafar wurin mulkin mallaka da kuma wurin binne tarihi wanda ke ƙarƙashin tashar bas na titin East 126th. Bisa ga Dokar Jihar New York, DOT ta gudanar da binciken tarihi da na tarihi na Mataki na I-A, wanda ya tabbatar da wanzuwar wurin binnewa.

 Tarihi 
A shekara ta 1658, gwamnan Holland Peter Stuyvesant ya umarci 'yan Afirka da suka bautar da su gina hanya daga mulkin mallaka na Dutch a Lower Manhattan zuwa mulkin mallaka ya Nieuw Haarlem .  Masu mulkin mallaka na Dutch na Nieuw Haarlem sun tara kudade don gina cocin Reformed Dutch a abin da zai zama 1st Avenue tsakanin 126th da 127th Street a cikin shekara ta 1665.  A shekara ta 1667, wani yanki na yanki na yanki mai girman kadada a arewacin cocin ya zama wurin binnewa na farko na mulkin mallaka. A shekara ta 1686, cocin ya koma sabon gini a kudancin cocin na asali kuma ya kafa sabon makabartar a shafin; asalin jana'izar zai zama sananne da Negro Burying Ground, wanda a halin yanzu ake kira Harlem African Burial Ground . 

Ikilisiyar Low Dutch Reformed Church of Harlem ta kiyaye waɗannan makabarta masu rarrabewa ga fararen parishioners da parishionists na zuriyar Afirka. Cocin ya motsa wasu tubalan daga asalinsa a tsakiyar karni na 19 kuma ya sayar da wuraren binnewar Afirka ga wani parishion da ya yi amfani da ƙasar don kiwo. Ikilisiyar Low Dutch daga ƙarshe ta sayar da shafin a cikin 1853, ta ba da damar sake raba ƙasar, gami da wuraren binnewa, a cikin sassan masu zaman kansu waɗanda za su zama City Block 1803. Bayan tuntuɓar zuriya don izini, an cire ragowar fararen parishioners kuma an sake binne su a Bronx,_New_York)" id="mwUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)">Kabari na Woodlawn a Bronx; an bar ragowar parishionists na Afirka a baya. Daga baya aka yi amfani da ƙasar don dalilai daban-daban ciki har da wurin shakatawa, lambun giya, bariki don ƙungiyar sojan ƙasa ta ƙasa, da kuma ɗakin fim mallakar William Randolph Hearst. Kamfanin Third Avenue Railway Company ne ya sayi ginin don titunan tituna da bas din da daga baya, wanda birni ya sayi shi.

 Harlem Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Kabari ta Afirka 
Yawancin shugabannin al'ummar Harlem, masana tarihi, da masu ba da shawara sun nace cewa akwai wani wurin binnewar Afirka da ba a san shi ba a wani wuri a Gabashin Harlem. An kafa Harlem African Burial Ground Task Force a cikin 2009 tare da Elmendorf Reformed Church don tunawa da adana wurin binnewa, kodayake ainihin wurin ba a sani ba a wannan lokacin. Reverend na Elmendorf Reformed Church, Dr. Patricia A. Singletary, ya yi aiki a matsayin co-shugaba tare da tsohon Kakakin Majalisar Birnin New York Melissa Mark-Viverito tun lokacin da aka fara aikin.[undefined] A cikin shekara ta 2011, wani rukuni na dalibai daga Kwalejin Hunter ta Urban Planning Studio sun gabatar da rahoto ga ƙungiyar aiki game da zaɓuɓɓukan tunawa da shafin kuma sun ba da shawarar kimantawar archaeological. A cikin 2015, Kamfanin Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki na Birnin New York ya hayar kamfanin ba da shawara na AKRF, Inc don gudanar da kimantawar ilimin kimiyyar I-B a ƙarƙashin tsohon tashar bas.[1] Fiye da kashi 140 da ƙashi an gano su, gami da kwanyar da aka yi imanin ta fito ne daga wata mace mai girma ta asalin Afirka.[2]￼

An sake tsarkake ragowar da aka gano a tsohuwar wurin binnewa a wani bikin da Dr. Singletary ya gudanar kuma a halin yanzu ana adana su a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na Hukumar Kula da Alamun Birnin New York suna jiran sake binnewa a wurin tunawa na gaba.

A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2018, an kara shafin a cikin National Register of Historic Places . 

 Tunawa da ci gaba 
Majalisar Birnin New York ta amince da sake gina tsohon tashar bas din a cikin ci gaba mai amfani da juna tare da abin tunawa ga wurin binnewa na asali a cikin 2017. Samun amincewar ya haramta duk wani ci gaba a wurin binnewar asali, wanda aka tanada don tunawa. Sauran toshe za a bunkasa su zama cibiyar al'adu ga mazaunan Gabashin Harlem da gidaje masu araha ga mazauna masu karamin karfi. An jinkirta aikin ne saboda annobar COVID-19.  A cikin 2022, MTA ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryenta na kammala barin toshe, tare da jadawalin lokaci na fara shirin tsarawa a cikin 2023, dangane da kudade.

 Manazarta