Haji Gora Haji

Haji Gora Haji (1933 - 11 Yuni 2021) mawaki ne na yaren Swahili, marubuci, kuma marubuci daga Tsibirin Zanzibar . [1][2] Ya yi amfani da iliminsa game da al'adu da al'umma na bakin tekun Swahili, musamman ƙasarsa ta Tumbatu, a cikin ayyukansa.[2] Don aikinsa wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar yanayin teku na gidansa, an kira shi "The Old Typhoon".[2] Ya yi aiki a cikin nau'o'i da yawa, daga waƙoƙi, labaru, da kuma tarihin zuwa cikakken labari.[1] Abubuwan da ya kirkiro da ayoyinsa sun kasance akai-akai a rediyo na Tanzania.[1]

 Rayuwar farko 
Haji Gora ya fara tsara ayyuka a cikin 1950s, kafin Zanzibar ta sami 'yancin kai kuma ta haɗu da Tanganyika don kafa Tanzaniya a yau.  An haifi ɗa na uku a cikin 'ya'ya shida a tsibirin Tumbatu, ya ga mutuwar tagwaye da 'yar'uwarsa a lokacin yaro.    Mahaifinsa shi ne Gora Haji, babban kaftin na teku kuma mai kamun kifi, kuma mahaifiyarsa Mize Mjumbe Juma, mai gida ce.  Iyalinsa sun girma har sun haɗa da ƴan uwa rabi 11 da ƴan uwa mata.  A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, yana da mata biyu na halal da ’ya’ya 10 daga waɗannan da kuma na dā.   Lokacin da yake da shekaru hudu, ya ƙaura daga Tumbatu don ya zauna a Mkunazini, wani yanki na Garin Dutse, cibiyar tarihi na babban birnin Zanzibar.  Da yake iyalinsa sun yi talauci da yawa ba za su iya samun makarantar firamare mai zaman kansa ba, sai ya tafi makarantar Al-Qur'ani, ya koyi haruffa daga wurin abokinsa na ƙuruciya.  

Rayuwarsa ta farko ta ba shi abubuwa da yawa da ya yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukansa. "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Ɗaya daga cikin saiti shine jin daɗin rayuwa kusa da teku, tare da wasanni na bao da kofi na baki tare da abokai kusa da bakin teku.  Wani kuma shi ne kidan Ngoma ya Kibati, wanda ke nuna saurin tattaunawa da ingantacciya da aka saita zuwa ganguna tare da rera waka da rawa.  Haji Gora ya shiga cikin gungun masu buga ganguna na Tumbatu, wanda ya yi wa daruruwan wakoki a kan bugun ganga. 

Kawunsa ne suka horar da shi aikin kamun kifi, kuma ya samu rayuwarsa a lokuta daban-daban ta wajen yin aikin jirgin ruwa a cikin kwale-kwalen dakon kaya, da jigilar kaya, da dan dako a kan tasha. "Haji Gora Haji (poet) - Tanzania - Poetry International". www.poetryinternational.org. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

A mafi yawan rayuwarsa, ya yi sana'ar kamun kifi ne (wanda baffansa suka horar da shi), matukin jirgin ruwa, da kuma dan dako. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564.

 Sana'a 
Haji Gora ya tuna cewa wakarsa ta farko ita ce waka da aka rubuta a shekarar 1955 don gasar waka da raye-raye a Tumbatu. "Haji Gora Haji (poet) - Tanzania - Poetry International". www.poetryinternational.org. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Yawancin ayyukansa na gaba ba a rubuta su ba. 

A ƙarshen 1950s, an gayyace shi don shiga ƙungiyar Michenzani Social Club na Zanzibar (daga baya Nadi Ikhwan Safaa Club), tsohuwar ƙungiyar mawaƙa Taarab ta Zanzibar, wacce aka kafa a cikin 1905. "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Yayin da yake aiki a matsayin ɗan dako, ya haɗa ɗaruruwan waƙoƙin Taarab don manyan makada waɗanda ke wasa a duk faɗin tsibirin.  Waƙoƙin sun haɗu da "jin daɗin soyayya tare da sha'awarsa ga siyasa da falsafa", kuma galibi an rubuta su azaman aya mai tsaga-tsaga guda uku tare da waƙoƙin ƙarewa.  A cikin shekarun 1960 ne wakokinsa suka fara fitowa a gidan rediyon Zanzibari wanda shahararrun mawakan Taarab suka rera.  Ya kuma yi aiki tare da kulab ɗin Michenzani, Al'adu, da Mlandege Taarab, da sauransu. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564.

Haji Gora ta kuma yi suna a mashairi ya malumbano, fadan furuci na mako-mako musamman ga gabar tekun Swahili. "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021. A cikin wannan al'ada, mawaƙa suna jefa ƙalubale, kacici-kacici, ko tsokana a cikin ayar zuwa ga wasu mawaƙa da aka ambata a cikin rubutun.  Waɗanda mawaƙan suna jin ƙalubalen ta jaridun gida ko rediyo kuma, a mayar da martani, su fito da nasu dawowa mako mai zuwa.  Gaba da gaba yana ci gaba "har sai ƙalubalen ya gaji".  Gasar tana da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don adadin maɗaukaki, sautunan ƙarewa, da nau'in fa'ida na ayar ta.  A cikin 1980s da 1990s, an bayyana raƙuman sukar zamantakewa ta wannan tsari. Shi kansa Haji Gora ya rubuta wani sanannen labari na yakar cin zarafi a cikin gida, yana kare hakkin mata. 

Ya shahara bayan buga tarin wakokinsa Kimbunga: Tungo za Visiwani ( The Hurricane ) a shekarar 1994, karkashin kwarin gwiwar wasu malaman jami'a a Jami'ar Jihar Zanzibar . "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Taken ya fito ne daga wakarsa mai suna Kimbunga ( The Hurricane ), wacce kungiyar Nadi Ikhwan Safaa Club ta yi kuma ta zama fitacciyar wakarsa. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Yawancin kalmominsa na Taarab ne waɗanda ba a rubuta su ba ko buga su a baya.  Waqoqin sun yi bayani ne akan batutuwa da dama, ciki har da juyin juya hali na Zanzibar .  Littafin ya sami nasara kuma an sake shi a cikin bugu huɗu daban-daban a cikin shekaru goma bayan fitowar farko. "Tribute to Swahili poetry maestro Haji Gora Haji". The Star. Retrieved 19 June 2021. An haɗa su na ɗan lokaci a cikin tsarin karatun makaranta na A-level, wanda ya sa ya shahara sosai a Tanzaniya da Gabashin Afirka.  Tarin ya ƙunshi ƙamus daga harshen Ki-Tumbatu da Ki-Unguja zuwa daidaitaccen Swahili don taimaka wa masu karatu su fahimci waƙoƙin a waje da mahallinsu. 

Haji Gora ya rubuta littattafan yara biyar a farkon shekarun 2000 tare da tallafawa aikin littafin yara ( Mradi). wa Vitabu vya Watoto ), wanda masu ba da tallafi na duniya da dama ne suka tallafa. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Ya kuma buga ƙamus na Ki-Tumbatu - Swahili a cikin 2006 kuma ya taimaka wa masu rubuta ƙamus su kirkiro ƙamus na yaren Ki-Tumbatu, wanda aka buga a cikin 2012. 

Littafinsa mai suna Siri ya Giningi ( Sirrin Ging'ingi ) ya fito da harshen Kiswahili a shekarar 2009 sannan a cikin Turanci a shekarar 2011. "Tribute to Swahili poetry maestro Haji Gora Haji". The Star. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Rikodin na Shuwari, tarin wakoki da ake son yi, marubucin da almajirinsa kuma magajinsa Ali Haji Gora ne suka yi a Zanzibar a shekarar 2016; an sake su ne a shekarar 2019.   Wadannan wakoki sun kasance a cikin nau'in mashairi kuma galibi suna yin tsokaci, ko amsa baitocin wasu mawaka. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Daya daga cikin waqoqin ita ce sukar wata waqar da ke faxaxa cin zarafin mata a gida. 

 Wakoki 
Harshen waqoqin Haji Gora yana da halaye da suka shahara a waqoqin Swahili na zamaninsa, kamar yadda ake amfani da kalmomin da ba kasafai ba ko na arxiki, da kuma wasu ka’idojin da suka dace da su kamar ƙulla sunaye (kamar siku yake ya koma sikuye ) da kuma goge maudu’in. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Kaluta Amri Abedi ya tsara su kuma ya shahara a cikin shekarun 1950 a cikin littafinsa na waka. rubutun, wanda aka rubuta don mayar da martani ga shaharar wakokin Swahili a jaridu da rediyo.  Sauran halaye kamar cakuɗen kalmomin Swahili da na waje, da haɗin kai kyauta na yarukan Swahili na Ki-Tumbatu (daga ƙasarsa ta haihuwa Tumbatu) da Ki-Unguja na Zanzibar, da sassaucin tsari na syntactic ya yi aiki don fuskantar tsaurin kai na sifofin waƙar Swahili, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun buƙatu.  Haj Gora na yin amfani da yarukan da ya yi amfani da su sosai, ya kuma bayyana ma’anar aikinsa da yarensa.  Ayarsa sau da yawa tana da "ƙara mai raɗaɗi" wanda aka halicce shi daga kamewa iri ɗaya, kwafin kalmomi, maimaita sauti (alliteration and homophony). 

Daga cikin nau'o'in da ya yi aiki a ciki akwai nau'in mashairi, wanda Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy ya shahara a farkon shekarun 1800. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Haji Gora ya tsara yawancin wakoki a cikin tarinsa Shuwari ta wannan siga, kuma ya kasance mafi shaharar salo na waqoqin Swahili gaba xaya.  Salon ya ƙunshi "yawancin fasali na waƙar baka, wato yin amfani da harshe na magana da harshe da ƙirƙirar euphony ta hanyoyi daban-daban stylistic means such as lexical repetition, sound repetition, alliteration and rhyme"    ƙunshi stanzas guda biyu masu layi huɗu, kowanne layi yana da nau'i biyu masu ma'ana a tsakiya  ƙarshen. cewa zama mawaƙi shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin ƙirƙira ayar da ta gamsu da buƙatun waƙoƙi da mitoci  .

Harshe wani batu ne mai tushe a cikin waqoqin Haji Gora. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Ya rubuta game da yin hankali da kalmomin mutum, harshe "kamar a vector na al'adu ainihi", da kuma kiyaye yaren mutum da yarensa.  Ya yi amfani da maganganun Swahili da karin magana ta hanyoyi masu sarkakiya, sau da yawa yana haɓaka ra'ayoyinsu a cikin abubuwan ƙirƙira tare da ƙarin misalai da harshe na hankali. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
A cikin shekarunsa na 80 a cikin 2015, wata mota ta buge shi kuma ta koma karkara don samun lafiya tare da taimakon danginsa. "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Da fitarsa daga birnin da ya ciyar da ƙirƙirarsa, yanayin tunaninsa ya fara lalacewa kuma danginsa ba su yarda ya rubuta ba, waɗanda suka nemi ya huta maimakon.  Ya yi magana da mutane marasa ganuwa da halittu, amma a wasu lokatai yana da lokacin farin ciki.  Shekarunsa na ƙarshe kuma ya ƙare cikin talauci, tare da sauƙaƙan sarauta waɗanda ba su biya bukatunsa ko danginsa ba.  Kusa da ƙarshen rayuwarsa, 'ya'yansa maza sun yi ƙoƙari su tabbatar da gadonsa, tare da mafarki don buɗe tushe da cibiyar al'umma ta waƙa.  Ya mutu ranar 11 ga Yuni 2021. 

Fassarar ayyukansa kuma sun bayyana a cikin Jamusanci. "Tribute to Swahili poetry maestro Haji Gora Haji". The Star. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Har ila yau, ya shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na duniya kamar bikin Rotterdam na Poetry International (1999), inda ya wakilci waƙar Swahili. "Haji Gora Haji (poet) - Tanzania - Poetry International". www.poetryinternational.org. Retrieved 19 June 2021. "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

A cikin 2001, yayin bikin Kiswahili Day a Dar es Salaam, BAKITA ( Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa ), Majalisar Swahili ta kasa, ta karrama shi, saboda aikin adabi da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar wajen bunkasa Kiswahili a matsayin harshen adabi. Aiello, Flavia (2020). "Exploring Haji Gora Haji's poetics in his collection Shuwari". Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies. 24 (2): 89–114. doi:10.13135/1825-263x/4564. Ya kasance memba na kungiyar tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1982 kuma ya sami wasu kyaututtuka da yawa daga gare ta.  Shi ma memba ne na BAKIZA ( Baraza la Kiswahili Zanzibar), Majalisar Swahili Zanzibar, tsakanin 2001 da 2003. 

Ya kuma samu lambar yabo ta ZIFF Lifetime Achievement. "Tanzania: Ziff Registers Record 240 Film Entries, Says Mhando". allAfrica.com. 16 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Dan jaridar Zanzibari Ally Saleh ya rubuta tarihin Haji Gora, Maisha ya Haji Gora ( The Life of Haji Gora ), wanda aka buga a shekarar 2016. "Between Worlds by Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein". Poetry Foundation. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 

 Kimbunga: Tungo za Visiwani (Tarin wakoki a cikin Swahili, , 1994)
 Utenzi wa visa vya Nabii Suleiman bi Daudi ("The Epic of Prophet Suleiman, Son of Daud", epic poem about Solomon in Swahili, LCCN 2001-313459, 1999)
 Wakoki (Tarin wakoki da aka fassara zuwa Jamusanci, , 1999)
 Maisha Yangu, 1993 - 2001 ("My Life, 1993 - 2001", tarihin rayuwar da ba a buga ba)
 Kunganyira (littafin yara a cikin Swahili, , 2004)
 Nahodha Chu ("Kyaftin damisa", littafin yara a cikin Swahili, 2004)
 Ujanja wa sungura ("The Cunning of the Hare", littafin yara a cikin Swahili, , 2004)
 Jogoo na Kanga ("The zakara da Guinea Fowl", littafin yara a cikin Swahili, , 2004)
 Kamusi ya kitumbatu (A Ki-Tumbatu - ƙamus na Swahili, , 2006)
 Siri ya Ging'ingi ("Sirrin Ging'ingi", labari a cikin Swahili, , 2009; Fassarar Ingilishi, LCCN 2011-349890, 2011)
 Shuwari ("The Calm", Swahili tare da fassarar turanci, , 2019)

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 2021
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba