Eric Geddes

Sir Eric Campbell Geddes (26 ga Satumba 1875 - 22 ga Yuni 1937) ɗan kasuwa ne na Birtaniya kuma ɗan siyasan Conservative . Tare da asali a cikin layin dogo, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sufurin Soja a Yammacin Gabas, tare da matsayi na Manjo Janar. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Ubangiji na farko na Admiralty (tare da matsayi na mataimakin admiral, duk da kasancewa matsayi na siyasa) tsakanin 1917 da 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan sufuri na farko tsakanin 1919 da 1921, a cikin wannan matsayin ne ke da alhakin rage kudaden jama'a da aka sani da "Geddes Axe".

 Tarihi da ilimi 
An haife shi a Indiya ta Burtaniya, Geddes ɗan Auckland Campbell Geddes ne, na Edinburgh, Scotland . Daga cikin 'yan uwansa akwai Dokta Mona Chalmers Watson da Auckland Geddes, 1st Baron Geddes . Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Soja ta Oxford da Makarantar Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh,  har sai an nemi ya tafi. 

 Ayyukan kasuwanci 
Geddes ya kwashe shekaru 21⁄2 yana yawo tsakanin ayyuka kamar masassaƙa da ma'aikacin ƙarfe a Amurka, daga ƙarshe ya zama mai kula da tashar Baltimore da Ohio Railroad, yana tasowa zuwa mai bin mota. Lokacin da ya dawo gida ba zato ba tsammani, 'yar'uwarsa ta ba shi magana mai ƙarfi. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1895 an tura shi Indiya don ƙaramin aiki a cikin kula da dukiya, inda ya gina layin dogo mai sauƙi kafin ya koma hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Rohilkund da Kumaon; ya zama mai kula a shekara ta 1901. Da ya dawo Ingila saboda rashin lafiyar matarsa, ya shiga kungiyar Railway ta Arewa maso Gabas (NER),   a 1904 don zama wakilin da'awar NER (wani sabon matsayi) kuma ya zama mataimakin babban manajan kaya a 1906, babban manajan kayayyaki a 1907, kuma a ƙarshe mataimakin janar manajan a 1911.'Sir Eric Geddes: Business & Government in War & Peace', by Keith Grieves (Pub. Manchester University Press, 1989). Albashi na farko na NER ya kasance £ 500 a kowace shekara, kuma a lokacin da ya bar a 1915, ya karu zuwa £ 5,000 a kowace shekara; kuma ya sami hannun zinariya na £ 50,000 a ƙarshen yaƙin. An yi la'akari da shi a takaice a matsayin shugaban London da North Eastern Railway lokacin da aka kafa wannan a ƙarshen 1922, amma zaɓin ya fada ga William Whitelaw.

 Ayyukan siyasa 
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko Geddes na ɗaya daga cikin "mutanen turawa da tafi" da Ministan Makamai David Lloyd George ya kawo cikin hidimar gwamnati. A shekara ta 1915 Lloyd George ya zaɓi Geddes kuma ya ba shi taken mataimakin darektan janar na samar da makamai, inda ya bar NER. An sanya shi da alhakin samar da kananan makamai, ya kafa manufofi masu ma'ana ga bindigogi, bindigogi masu sauƙi da masu nauyi, sannan samarwa ya tashi, yana yin makamai masu yawa na atomatik fiye da yadda sojoji suka nema. Har ila yau, samar da kwalba ya bunƙasa amma waɗannan ba su cika da fashewa ba, don haka aka sanya Geddes alhakin su a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1916; a cikin watanni shida yawan kwalba ya karu sau goma zuwa miliyan biyu a kowane mako, kuma kwalba da aka cika a tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa. Lloyd George, yanzu Ministan Yakin, ya shawo kan Sir Douglas Haig, Kwamandan Sojojin Burtaniya, don gayyatar Geddes da tawagarsa ta mutum uku na kwana biyu a watan Agustan 1916 don ba da shawara kan sufuri. Haig ya burge shi sosai har ziyarar ta kara zuwa wata daya sannan aka nada Geddes a matsayin Darakta Janar na Jirgin Soja da Sufeto-Janar na Sufuri tare da matsayin babban janar. Sun sami tashar jiragen ruwa da layin dogo suna aiki yadda ya kamata kuma sun gina layin dogo mai sauƙi don kawo kayan aiki zuwa gaba. An ba shi lambar yabo a shekara ta 1916 kuma an nada shi Kwamandan Knight na Order of the Bath da Knight Grand Cross na Order of the British Empire a shekara ta 1917. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban mai binciken sufuri a duk fagen yaƙi.

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