Kogin Tarawera

Kogin Tarawera yana cikin Yankin Bay of Plenty a Tsibirin Arewa New Zealand .

Yana gudana daga tafkin Tarawera, arewa maso gabas ta ƙetare arewacin tsaunin tsaunukan Tarawera, kuma ya wuce garin Kawerau kafin ya juya arewa, ya isa Bay of Plenty kilomita 6 (4 mi) yamma da Edgecumbe. Faduwar Tarawera tana cikin saman kogin Tarawera.

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Kogin Tarawera yana zubar da yankin arewa maso gabas na Taupo Rift tare da bakin kogin yamma da Matata. Kogin ya fara ne a hannun arewa-maso-gabas na tafkin Tarawera tare da madaidaicin fitowar mita cubic 7 a sakan daya (250 cu ft/s), daga magudanar ruwa na Ōkataina Caldera yadda ya kamata, tare da haɗarin ayyukan volcanic yana lalata kwararar kogin. A wannan al'ada ko ƙasa da haka kogin yana ɓacewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa cikin kogo a cikin rhyolite lava gudana kafin Tarawera Falls.. Yawancin lokaci yana fitowa kusan rabin sama da cikakken faɗuwar faɗuwar, amma tare da ruwan sama na baya-bayan nan zai iya mamaye digo. An san manyan ambaliyar ruwa guda biyu bayan rushewar madatsun ruwa na wucin gadi na dutsen mai aman wuta a mashigar tafkin.

Na farko, kuma mafi girma, ya bi 1314 ± 12 CE Kaharoa eruption. The present river start is where the Tapahoro lava flow, created by the 5526 ± 145 BP Whakatane eruption, yana gudana zuwa 14,009 ± 155 BP[1] Pokohu lava kwarara. Kogin Tarawera yana gudana a cikin wannan tasha mai faɗin mita 10 (33 ft). Fashewar 1314 ta toshe mashigar tare da dam na wucin gadi har zuwa mita 32 (105 ft) sama da matakan fitarwa na yanzu, wanda daga baya ya lalace tare da babban ambaliya wanda ya haifar da faɗin mita 350 (1,150 ft) da faɗin kusan mita 40 (130 ft) zurfin kwari a farkon kogin. Da alama kogin a lokacin wannan ambaliya ya malala zuwa gabas yana matsewa na wani dan lokaci ta cikin kwarin Awiti, sannan ya koma cikin kogin Tarawera ta bakin kogin Waiaute na yanzu wanda ya malala tsaunukan gabashin Dutsen Tarawera. Sai dai kuma ta kwashe nisan kilomita 3 (1.9 mi) daga magudanar ruwa daga tafkin a tashar tashar Pokohu lava ta amphitheater na Falls Tarawera. Ambaliyar ta ajiye manyan duwatsu masu tsayin mita 20 (66 ft) a diamita na tsawon kilomita 1 (0.62 mi) a ƙarƙashin faɗuwar kuma har zuwa mita 13 (43 ft) zuwa kilomita 8 (5.0 mi) a ƙarƙashin faɗuwar ruwa.

An sake toshe hanyar tafkin bayan fashewar tsaunin Tarawera a 1886, kuma matakin tafkin ya karu zuwa iyakar mita 12.8 (42 ft) sama da matakin da yake yanzu. Wannan madatsar ruwa mai aman wuta ( tarkacen da ya toshe mashigar ba wai kawai daga fashewar ba ne kai tsaye amma ya haɗa da waɗanda aka wanke daga rafi da ke shiga cikin tafkin), da farko ya karye a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1904, tare da babban ambaliyar ruwa a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 1904 wanda aka kimanta a kololuwar motsi na 700 cubic mita / 0 0 seconds. Wannan ambaliya ta haifar da haɓakar gadon kogin (ƙara'a), da kuma matsalolin ɓarkewa zuwa nisan kilomita 50 (31 mi) a ƙarƙashin tafkin.

 Tarihi da batutuwan muhalli 
Kafin shekarun 1910, kogin Rangitaiki ya malala cikin kogin Tarawera kafin ya shiga Bay of Plenty, yamma da mazaunin Matatā. A cikin 1914, an yanke kogin Rangitaiki kai tsaye zuwa Bay of Plenty, tare da irin wannan ƙoƙarin da aka yi a cikin 1917 don Kogin Tarawera. Wannan ya kai ga tsohon bakin kogin, wanda aka fi sani da Teawa o te Atua, ya yi shiru ya kafa Lagon Matata. Tsohon bakin kogin Rangitaiki ya kasance a gabas na bakin kogin Tarawera, yana haifar da Tsohon Rangitaiki Channel.

Tasman Pulp and Paper Mill, wanda yanzu mallakar Norske Skog, ya kasance yana zubar da sharar gida a cikin kogin tun 1955. Mazauna yankin sun kafa sanduna masu lakabi kogin a matsayin "Darain Baƙar fata" tun daga shekarun 1990.

Launi mai duhu ya faru ne saboda kasancewar gurɓataccen daga gonaki, datti da ruwan guguwa amma galibi daga ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi. Ya zuwa shekara ta 1997, ma'adinan kwalliya da takarda suna fitar da fiye da lita miliyan 160 na sharar masana'antu a cikin kogi a kowace rana. A shekara ta 2006, matakan iskar oxygen a cikin kogi sun kai matakin da kifi zai iya rayuwa, duk da haka launi na ruwa har yanzu yana da duhu. Tun daga shekara ta 1998 launi da haske sun inganta a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren kogin saboda ƙarancin gurɓata daga Tasman Mill.

A shekara ta 2009, injin ya sami izinin ci gaba da gurɓata kogin na shekaru 25 masu zuwa. A cikin shekara ta 2010, iwi na gida ya ɗauki shari'a zuwa Babban Kotun don taƙaita izinin fitar da ruwa na shekaru 25 da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gudanar da albarkatu amma an ƙi roko.

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