Roxana Druse

Roxalana "Roxana" Druse (c. 1847 - Fabrairu 28, 1887), ita ce mace ta ƙarshe da aka rataye a jihar New York, kuma mace ta farko da aka rataye a cikin shekaru 40 a tsakiyar New York. Kisan da aka yi mata bai kashe ta nan take ba, abin da ya kara zaburar da jami'an New York don maye gurbin katako da kujerar lantarki a New York a shekara ta 1890.￼

Druse ta kashe mijinta, William Druse, a gidansu a Warren, New York, ta hanyar harbe shi da yanke kansa da gatari. Ɗanta da 'yarta, George da Mary Druse, da ɗan'uwanta, Frank Gates, sun taimaka mata a kisan. Druse daga baya ta ce ta kashe shi saboda tashin hankali na gida. An yanke mata hukuncin ratayewa a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1885, kuma an rataye ta a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1887.

 Tarihi 
William da Roxalana Druse sun yi aure a kusan 1864. Aure ya haifi 'ya'ya biyu: 'yar fari mai suna Maryamu, wacce ke da shekaru 19 a lokacin kisan William Druse, da ƙaramin ɗa mai suna George, wanda ke da shekaru 10 a lokacin kashin. Iyalin sun zauna a wani gidan gona a Warren, wani karamin gari a cikin Herkimer County, New York, kuma sun zauna tare da dan uwan William mai shekaru 14, Frank Gates. William yana da shekaru 56 a lokacin mutuwarsa.

Iyalin Druse sun yi hulɗa da bashi kuma sun sami "mummunan suna" a yankinsu saboda mummunan hali na William da sha'awar rantsuwa da aiki a ranakun Lahadi. Makwabta da 'ya'yan Druse sun san William Druse don sanya Roxalana cikin tashin hankali na gida, a wani lokaci ya buge ta da bulala kuma ya biya maƙwabci $ 5 a cikin kuɗin shiru. 'Yarsu, Maryamu, ta tuna sau biyu lokacin da William ya buge Roxalana da reshe da aka cire daga itacen apple. Ya kuma rataye Roxalana kuma ya yi barazanar kashe ta da forks. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a yi mata shari'ar kisan William, an nakalto Roxalana tana cewa mijinta "mutum ne mai kyau" ne kawai a ranar aurensu kuma, "Shawarata ba za ta taɓa yin aure ba. Ina tsammanin mummunan shiri ne. [...] Mataki ne mai ban tsoro da za a ɗauka kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi fiye da yadda mutane ke ba da shi".Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.

 Kisan William Druse 
A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1884, William Druse ya zama Mutumin da ya ɓace. A cewar Roxana, a safiyar kisan wani jayayya ta tashi tsakanin ma'auratan. A lokacin jayayya, Maryamu ta ɗaura igiya a wuyan William yayin da yake zaune a teburin karin kumallo, yayin da Roxana ta harbe shi a wuyan. Ta yi wa Frank barazanar cewa idan bai harbe William ba, za ta kashe Frank. Bayan haka, matarsa ta fille wa William kai da gatari.Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023."Hanging of Roxalana Druce". The Plattsburgh Sentinel. March 4, 1887. Ta raba jikinta kuma ta ƙone sauran jikinta a cikin murhu, kuma ta jefa toka na William a cikin tafki, da kuma bindiga da gatari.

An haifar da tuhumar maƙwabta lokacin da William bai sake fitowa ba har makonni da yawa. Roxalana ya gaya wa maƙwabta William ya tafi saboda yana ziyartar Birnin New York, amma 'yan sanda sun haifar da bincike na hukuma game da bacewarsa, wanda ya kai su ga tambayar Frank Gates a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1885. Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023."Hanging of Roxalana Druce". The Plattsburgh Sentinel. March 4, 1887. Gates ya furta cewa ya shiga cikin kisan William, yana da alaƙa da Roxalana da Maryamu a cikin kisan. A lokacin binciken su, 'yan sanda sun sami raguwar kasusuwan mutum a cikin toka da aka zubar a tafkin, da kuma gatari mai jini da aka yi amfani da shi a kisan, da kuma allon bene mai jini a cikin kicin gidan gona na Druse.  

 Shari'a 
Mary Druse ta yarda da laifin da aka yi mata kuma an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. An tura ta gidan yari a Onondaga County, New York, don yin hukuncin da aka yanke mata."A true tale of horror found in Herkimer County". The Daily Star, Oneonta, NY. October 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2023.

Shari'ar Roxalana ta dauki makonni biyu a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1885. A lokacin shari'arta da kuma sakamakonta, shari'ar Roxalana ta zama sanannen sanarwa a cikin Yunkurin mata na farko a Amurka. Masu ba da shawara game da haƙƙin mata sun rubuta a cikin wata takarda, "Manufar jama'a ta buƙaci a sa a san cewa idan zaluncin su ya koma kan kansu Dokar ba za ta bukaci zubar da jini na ƙarshe daga waɗanda ba su da kariya. Wadanda abin ya shafa ba su da kuri'a, babu gida, babu mafaka, babu wanda ke kan benci ko kuma daga cikin juriya wanda zai iya la'akari, ko ma ya fahimci, roƙon da wahalarsu ke yi musu. "Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.

Roxalana ta fuskanci juriya ta maza, wanda ya yanke mata hukunci kan kisan kai a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1885, kuma ya yanke hukuncin kisa.Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023. An yanke wa Roxana hukuncin rataye a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1885,  amma daga baya aka tura ranar zuwa 28 ga Fabrairu, 1887. "Hanging of Roxalana Druce". The Plattsburgh Sentinel. March 4, 1887.

 Ratayewa 
Kafin a kashe ta, Gwamnan New York David B. Hill ya karbi wasiƙu daga jihohi daban-daban a Amurka suna nuna karfi game da hukuncin Druse. Wasu sun nemi ya sauya hukuncin Druse. Wasu daga cikin wasikun sun yi tambaya ko yana da kyau a rataye mace. Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York ta gabatar da lissafin don cire mata daga hukuncin kisa, amma an kayar da lissafin a Majalisar kwana goma kafin rataye Druse. A cikin wata wasika, wani mutum ya ba da damar biyan $ 10 don ya iya kashe Druse da kansa. Wasiƙu da yawa sun fito ne daga 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka ba da kansu don biyan igiyar da za a yi amfani da ita a rataye Druse, kuma wasu sun nemi a ɗauki igiyar a kan rangadin nune-nunen a ko'ina cikin New York bayan rataye Drusa. "A true tale of horror found in Herkimer County". The Daily Star, Oneonta, NY. October 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2023. Hill ya ki shiga tsakani a cikin hukuncin Druse.Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
An rataye Roxana Druse a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1887, a cikin Herkimer County . An ɓoye gungumen azaba daga jama'a, kuma akwai shaidu 25 kawai."A true tale of horror found in Herkimer County". The Daily Star, Oneonta, NY. October 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2023. Shaidu sun bayyana cewa Druse ba ta yi magana a kan gungume ba, amma ta "yi kuka, ta yi kuka, kuma a ƙarshe ta yi ihu sosai har aka ji muryarta a kurkuku da titi" yayin da masu kisan ta suka ɓoye fuskarta da murfi.Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.

An fara ratayewa da karfe 11:48 na safe, kuma an sanar da ita ta mutu da karfe 12:03 na yamma. An rataye Druse tare da mai tsalle-tsalle, wanda ya yi amfani da nauyin kilo 97, wanda, idan aka sauke shi, zai ɗaga fursunonin da aka yanke masa hukunci cikin iska. Druse ta tashi ƙafa huɗu (1.2  cikin iska, amma ƙarfin ma'auni ya kasa karya wuyanta, kuma likitoci sun ce a maimakon haka ta mutu ne saboda maƙurewa.Croyle, Johnathan (May 18, 2020). "1887: The botched hanging of Roxalana Druse helped open the way for the electric chair". Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.  

 Sakamakon haka 
Druse ita ce mace ta ƙarshe da aka rataye a Jihar New York. An rataye ta daya daga cikin da dama da suka motsa hukumomin New York su bi sabon hanyar kisa. Kafin rataye Druse, jami'ai sun fara kwamiti don neman hanyar "mutuntaka da amfani" na kisa a jihar. A watan Janairun 1888, kasa da shekara guda bayan ratayewar Druse, hukumar ta ba da shawarar sabon kujera ta lantarki da ba a taɓa amfani da shi ba don maye gurbin ratayewa. An rataye John Greenwall na karshe a New York a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1889. [1] An fara amfani da kujerar lantarki a kisan William Kemmler a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 1890, shekaru biyu bayan kisan Druse.[2]￼

Daga baya an jefa wasu shakku game da ko Druse shine ainihin mai kisan kai, tare da Rev. John L. Sulden daga baya yana cewa "Na ji daɗi a duk lokacin da babu wata mace da fuska kamar wannan za ta iya zama mai kisan".

Gwamnan New York Levi P. Morton ya gafarta wa Mary Druse a shekara ta 1895. "A true tale of horror found in Herkimer County". The Daily Star, Oneonta, NY. October 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2023.

 Manazarta 

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