Ruwanda da Rundi

Rwanda-Rundi ko West Highlands Kivu rukuni ne na harsunan Bantu, musamman ci gaba da yare, ana magana da shi a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Yaruka biyu, Kirundi da Kinyarwanda, an daidaita su a matsayin harsunan ƙasar Burundi da Ruwanda bi da bi. Waɗannan yarukan maƙwabta suna iya fahimtar juna, amma sauran yarukan da suka fi nisa ƙila ba za su kasance ba. Sauran yarukan ana magana da su a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (Kanyabwisha a Arewacin Kivu ), Uganda (Rufumbira, wanda Bafumbira ke magana a gundumar Kisoro ), da Tanzaniya ; Ha, mai magana da miliyan ɗaya, shine mafi yawan magana.

 Kwatanta Kinyarwanda da Kirundi 
Kinyarwanda da Kirundi suna da kama da juna a fannoni da yawa, amma sun bambanta a hanyoyi da yawa.

 Alamar sauti 

Alamar1BayaniKinyarwandaKirundiWani bangare na maganaTuranci (ma'anar) sautin wasali (a, e, i, o, u) Gajeren wasali Ƙananan sautin (gu) sabaKalmatambaya, buƙataumugeziSunan sunarafi, kogi (gu) shyika (gu) shikaKalmaya zoikiraroSunan sunagadarIsaaadjective mai ban mamakikawai, kawaiSautin sautin sautin (á, é, í, ó, ú) Gajeren wasali Babban sautininkáSunan sunasaniyaba tare da izini bakujeraGiijiitace, sanda, itaceUruguayYankin da aka yi amfani da shiUwargkafadaSautin Circumflex (Kinyarwanda) (â, ê, î, ô, û) Gajeren wasali Babban sautininkâinkáSunan sunasaniyarashin jin daɗiba tare da izini bakujeraGiijiGiijiitace, sanda, itaceUruguayUruguayYankin da aka yi amfani da shiUwargUwargkafadaSautin Circumflex (Kirundi) (â, ê, î, ô, û) Gajeren wasula Babban sautin (a kan wasula a cikin Kinyarwanda) AmaziAmaziSunan sunaruwa (gu) shayi (gu) TekaKalmamai dafa abinciizíikoizîkoSunan sunamurhu (ku) ryóoha (ku) ryôhaKalmadandano mai kyau (gu) kúunda (gu) kûndasoyayya, kamarsautin macron (Kirundi kawai) (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) Tsawon wasula Low tone (duka haruffa a cikin sautin ƙasa a Kinyarwanda) igisaaboGirmaSunan sunaigiyaicyeegeeraicēgērashuka (ku) giisha (ku) gīshaKalmaka tafiIngoonaBa za a iya yin hakan baSunan sunagiwaUruuhourūhobututun ruwaSautin Caron (Kirundi kawai) (ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ) Tsawon wasula Sautin sautin (a kan sautin sauti a Kinyarwanda) ububaáshaububǎshaSunan sunaiyawaAbeégaAběgaAdadin da yawaTutsi, dangin TutsiumuhigiMatattuSunan sunamafarauciumukoóbwaumukǒbwayarinyaMuunsiumǔsirana, kwanan wataDiaeresis wasali (Kirundi kawai) (ä, ë, ï, ö, ü) Tsawon wasali Babban sautinBabu daidaitattun tsarin sautiBoppkozeKalmasun yiAn yi amfani da shiSunan sunaku dukaNary NayiKalmaNa yi tunani, na saniBa da iziniSunan sunadukansuwarüziKalmaka yi tunani, ka sani1 Ana amfani da waɗannan alamomin ne kawai a cikin fassarar, misali a cikin ƙamus, amma a wasu nau'ikan rubuce-rubuce, ana amfani da wasula masu sauƙi kuma ba a ninka haruffa ba (sai dai idan an rubuta kalmar kanta ta wannan hanyar).

 Rubuce-rubuce 

 Halitta da kalma 
Akwai lokuta da yawa inda nau'ikan magana guda biyu na harsuna biyu suna da kalmomi da suka ɗan bambanta. Koyaya, waɗannan bambance-bambance ba sa ci gaba da maimaitawa. Dole ne mutum ya haddace irin waɗannan bambance-bambance kamar "-anga" a cikin Kinyarwanda ya bambanta da "-anka" a cikin Kirundi (ma'ana rashin son ko ƙiyayya), saboda sauyawa daga "g" zuwa "k" yana da matukar wuya, tare da hujja kasancewa kalmomi kamar "inka" (cow), "inkono" (pot) da sauran kalmomi da yawa inda "nk" ya zama ruwan dare a cikin yarukan biyu. Irin waɗannan ƙananan bambance-bambance sun haɗa da ƙamus daban-daban, wasula ko tsawon wasula, sautuna ko ƙididdiga.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba