Harshen Saramaccan

Saramacca () yare ne na Creole wanda kusan mutane 58,000 na zuriyar Afirka ta Yamma ke magana a kusa da Saramacca da Suriname_River" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Suriname River">Kogin Suriname, da kuma Paramaribo, babban birnin Suriname (wanda aka fi sani da Dutch Guiana). Harshen kuma yana da masu magana 25,000 a Guiana ta Faransa da 8,000 a Netherlands. Yana da manyan yaruka uku. Masu magana galibi zuriyar bayi ne masu gudu waɗanda suka kasance 'yan asalin Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya; sun kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira Saamacca, wanda aka rubuta Saramaka.

Masana ilimin harsuna suna la'akari da Saramaccan sananne ne saboda ƙamus dinsa ya dogara ne Akan harsuna biyu na Turai, Turanci (30%) da Portuguese (20%), da kuma harsuna daban-daban na Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka (50%), amma ya bambanta da su duka. Sashe na Afirka yana da kusan kashi 50% da zarar an yi la'akari da amfani da al'ada, mafi girman kashi a Amurka. Lokacin da aka cire amfani da al'ada, 35% daga Turanci, 25% daga Portuguese, tare da 35% daga ɗayan yaren Afirka. An samo shi ne daga yarukan Nijar-Congo na Yammacin Afirka, musamman Fon da sauran yarukan Gbe, da Akan da yarukan Afirka ta Tsakiya kamar Kikongo.

 Asalin 
Harshen ya samo asali ne daga Plantation Creole, wanda a zamanin yau aka sani da Sranan Tongo, amma rassan sun rabu a kusa da 1690 kuma sun samo asali daban. Kalmomin Saramaccan galibi an samo su ne daga Turanci, Portuguese, kuma, zuwa ƙarami, Dutch, tsAkan yarukan Turai, da yarukan Neja-Congo na Yammacin Afirka, musamman Fon da sauran yarukan Gbe, Akan, da yaren Afirka ta Tsakiya, kamar KiKongo. Yankin Afirka yana da kusan kashi 50% na jimlar.

Harshen Saramaccan yana da halaye masu kama da harsunan Afirka ta Yamma. Ya haɓaka amfani da sautuna, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a Afirka, maimakon damuwa, wanda ya dace da harsunan Turai.

Fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kalmomi sun fito ne daga Turanci. An yarda da cewa tasirin Portuguese ya samo asali ne daga bayi waɗanda ke zaune a gonaki tare da iyayengiji na Portuguese kuma mai yiwuwa tare da wasu bayi waɗanda ke magana da yaren Portuguese. Wataƙila masanan sun kawo ƙarshen a cikin ƙaura zuwa Suriname daga Brazil. Masu asalin Saramaccan sun fara ne da farkon nau'in Sranan Tongo, wani nau'in Creole na Ingilishi, kuma sun canza shi zuwa sabon Creole ta hanyar shigowar Portuguese, haɗe da tasiri daga ilimin Fongbe da sauran yarukan Gbe.
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