Harshen Niellim

Yaren Niellim (autonym  ) yaren Bua ne wanda mutane kusan 5,000 ke magana da shi (har zuwa 1993) a gefen Kogin Chari a kudancin Chadi . Ana yin amfani da shi galibi a yankuna biyu: ɗaya a kusa da birnin Sarh (wanda mutane da yawa - wataƙila mafi yawan masu magana suka yi ƙaura zuwa) da kuma ɗaya, gidanta na gargajiya, a arewa, tsakanin kusan 9°30′ da 9°50′ N, wanda ya yi daidai da tsoffin masarautun Pra da Niou, da kuma Sultanate na Niellim.

Niellim tana da iyaka da harsuna da dama na iyalai daban-daban - musamman Sara, Ndam, da Laal - kuma harshen Baguirmi na gida yana tasiri; ya yi tasiri sosai ga Laal, amma kuma a bayyane yake cewa Laal, ko dangi na Laal, ya yi tasiri sosai, tunda yawancin kalmomin Laal-Niellim da aka saba amfani da su ba Bua ba ne. Yana da kama da juna. A matsayin ƙaramin ƙabilar Chadi, masu magana da shi galibi dole ne su koyi wasu harsuna, galibi (kamar na 1974) Baguirmi, Sara, Larabci, da Bua .

 Sarkin Musulmi na Niellim 
A tsakiyar karni na 19, ƙabilar da ke magana da Niellim a gefen Chari sun shirya zama ƙaramin sarki. A cikin rabin ƙarshen ƙarni, sun fuskanci hare-hare daban-daban daga Masarautar Baguirmi, har sai da daga ƙarshe suka mamaye su. A ƙarƙashin mulkinsu, sun yi kama da mutanen Barma . 

 Ilimin sautuka 
Haruffan sune:
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Tsaya babu murya p t c k ʔ bayyanannen murya b d ɟ g an riga an yi masa allurar hanci ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑɡ Mai ban sha'awa ɓ ɗMai ban tsoro s h Hanci m n ɲ ŋ Kusan hanci  Kimanin l j w Trill r
Wasulan su ne , da kuma  haka kuma da diphthongs,  da  ; duk banda  Ana iya kuma ba da tsayin da ke bambantawa da kuma yadda hanci ke fitowa. Haɗin kai mai rikitarwa, wanda ya yi kama da wanda ake samu a Laal, ana iya gani.

Akwai matakan sautin guda uku: ƙasa, tsakiya, da babba. Duk wani harafi dole ne ya ƙunshi aƙalla sautin guda ɗaya; yana iya ɗauke da duk wani haɗin sautuka biyu, ko ɗaya daga cikin haɗa sautuka uku masu launuka uku: LML, MLH, ko HLH.

 Nahawu 

 Tsarin Rubutu 
Tsarin kalmomi na yau da kullun shine subject-verb-object (kodayake wannan zai iya shafar gaba da batun); preposition - prepositional object (- postposition ); suna - siffa ; possessed - possessor. Duk da haka, pronouns possessive suna gaba da suna.

 Karin magana 
Lakabin sirri na asali sun haɗa da:  '  ,  '  ,  '   (tare da ƙaramin sautin a matsayin batutuwa, babban sautin a matsayin abubuwa),  '  , kuma  '   . ("Mu" ba ta bayyana a cikin majiyoyin da editocin suka bincika zuwa yanzu ba. [ <span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2024)">Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya?</span> ] )

 Sunaye 
Tsarin sunaye jam'i yana da matuƙar rikitarwa, kuma ya haɗa da wasu abubuwan tarihi na tsarin ajin suna wanda yanzu ba ya nan; hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da haɗakar wasali na ciki na ablaut, ƙarin bayani -gɨ, canji l/n > r, da/ko maye gurbin -a na ƙarshe da -i .

 Fi'iloli 
Kowace fi'ili tana da siffofi biyu: na nuni da kuma na zaɓi (" injunctive " a cikin kalmomin Boyeldieu.) An bambanta su ta hanyar tsarin sautin.

Ana iya gabatar da fi'ilai da barbashi daban-daban kafin su nuna lokacin, yanayi, da kuma yanayi : misali,  ci gaba,  nan gaba,  wajibi. Jawabin da aka ambata kai tsaye yana gaba da ƙwayar  '   .

Ana iya ƙirƙirar sunaye na magana ta hanyar canza tsarin sautin da/ko ƙarin bayani  ko  (wanda l ya zama n yana bin hanci) tare da wasalin ciki na ablaut.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba