Kodok

Kodok ko Kothok (Arabic), wanda aka fi sani da Fashoda, wani gari ne a cikin Fashoda County na Jihar Nilu, a cikin yankin Babban Nilu na Sudan ta Kudu .  Kodok ita ce babban birnin ƙasar Shilluk, wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar Shilluk . Shilluk ta kasance masarauta mai zaman kanta sama da ƙarni goma sha shida. Fashoda an fi sani da shi a matsayin wurin da Birtaniya da Faransanci suka kusan shiga yaki a 1898 a cikin Fashoda Incident.

Bisa ga imanin Shilluk, addini, al'ada da kundin tsarin mulki, Kodok yana aiki a matsayin birni mai sulhu ga Sarkin Shilluk. Wuri ne inda ake yin bukukuwan da kuma naɗa kowane sabon Sarkin Shilluk. Fiye da shekaru 500, an ɓoye Kodok kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin birni da aka haramta ga Sarkin Shilluk, amma yayin da ilimi da al'adu na zamani suka fito, Kodok yanzu an san shi da duniya ta waje. An yi imanin cewa Kodok wuri ne inda ruhun Juok (Allah), ruhun Nyikango (wanda ya kafa Masarautar Shilluk da jagoran ruhaniya na addinin Shilluk), ruhun sarakunan Shilluk masu mutuwa da ruhun Sarkin Shilluk mai rai suka zo don yin sulhu don warkarwa ta ruhaniya ta Masarautar Shiilluk. An adana Kodok a matsayin wuri mai nutsuwa ga ruhun Allah, inda Sarki, shugabannin, da dattawa zasu iya jin sautuna da jawabai na Allah (Juok). Ga Shilluk, Kodok birni ne na sulhu da zaman lafiya.

 Tarihi 
An kafa ofishin soja na Masar a Fashoda a 1865. Ya kasance tashar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, gami da cinikin bayi. Tsakanin 1883 da 1884 wurin ya fada hannun Mahdists. Koyaya, a tarihi Fashoda an fi saninsa da kasancewa shafin yanar gizon Fashoda na 1898 tsakanin Ingila da Faransa. Birtaniya suna ƙoƙari su kirkiro wani tasiri mai ƙarfi daga kudancin Afirka ta Gabashin Afirka zuwa Masar, wanda ya riga ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Burtaniya. A halin yanzu, Faransanci suna ƙoƙarin fadada daga Yammacin Afirka tare da iyakar kudancin hamadar Sahara don sarrafa duk kasuwancin ta hanyar Sahel. Tsakanin waɗannan layin da aka nufa sun wuce ta Kodok, kuma rikici tsakanin sojojin da ke dauke da makamai ya jagoranci kasashen biyu zuwa bakin yaki. Sakamakon da aka samu a cikin goyon bayan Burtaniya ya ba da gudummawa ga tabbatar da ikirarin mulkin mallaka da kuma ƙarshen "Scramble for Africa". Lamarin ya haifar da abin da aka sani da "Fashoda syndrome" a cikin manufofin kasashen waje na Faransa. A cikin 1904, ci gaban Anglo-Faransa Entente Cordiale ya sa Birtaniya ta canza sunan garin zuwa Kodok (Kothok) da fatan shafe ƙwaƙwalwar abin da ya faru.

An sanya kungiyar Bishara ta Ikilisiya (CMS) a cikin 1898 ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya zuwa Kodok da aka ba wa mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, bayan an hana su wurin Khartoum. An kuma ba wa Katolika Verona Fathers yankin yammacin Nilu da Ikilisiyar Presbyterian (Amurka) gabas zuwa iyakar Habasha. Daga 1900, masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje sun kasance a cikin ƙananan adadi kuma sun fuskanci rikice-rikice na yanki, amma a cikin 1920s, CMS ta yi korafi game da fadada Katolika a yankinsu. A watan Janairun 1933, an kafa Ofishin Jakadancin Katolika a Kodok kuma tun daga shekara ta 1974 an rarraba shi a ƙarƙashin Diocese na Malakal . Daga shekarun 1930, Kodok kuma cibiyar Presbyterians ce, don haka Kodok tana da babban tasirin Kirista.

A shekara ta 1955, yawan mutanen Kodok ya kai kimanin 9,100. A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Sudan na farko a shekarar 1964, a lokacin mulkin Muhammad Ahmad Mahjub, Kodok ya kasance wurin kisan kiyashi da sojoji suka yi a Khartoum. Irin wannan kisan kiyashi a 1964 da 1965 ya faru a wasu biranen kudancin Sudan.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Kodok ya sha wahala mai tsanani kuma ya ga kungiyoyin agaji da yawa da aka kawo yankin, musamman Operation Lifeline Sudan . A cikin 2004 da 2005, a ƙarshen Yaƙin basasar Sudan na Biyu, 'yan gudun hijira da yawa sun dawo amma yanayin tsaro a cikin 2004 har yanzu yana da matukar damuwa.

A yau mazaunan Kodok galibi suna da hannu a aikin noma kuma suna girma a matsayin abincin su da shanu na baya. Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990s sun fara sayar da gum arabic, wanda aka samo daga Acacia seyal kuma aka sayar wa 'yan kasuwa Larabawa daga arewa. Har ila yau, akwai rikice-rikice na cikin gida a yankin tsakanin Kodok da kudancin Malakal a kan Nilu don haƙƙin ƙasa da rarraba ruwa.

 Bayanan da aka ambata