Shawqi Daif

Ahmad Shawqi Daif ( Arabic   ; Janairu 13, 1910 Maris 10, 2005) ya kasance mai sukar adabi kuma masanin tarihi na Larabci na Masar. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masana Larabawa mafi tasiri a ƙarni na 20. 

An haifi Daif a ƙauyen Um Hamam da ke arewacin Masar a shekarar 1910.  Ya sami digirin BA da PhD daga Jami'ar Fuad al-Awal,  wanda daga baya aka san shi da Jami'ar Alkahira . Daga baya ya zama farfesa a fannin adabin Larabci a makarantarsa ta digiri na tsawon shekaru da dama.  Ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Masar kuma ya kasance shugaban Kwalejin Harshen Larabci da ke Alkahira na tsawon shekaru kaɗan. 

 Aiki 
Daif ya yi nazarin tarihin adabin Masar a ƙarƙashin Ahmad Amin a lokacin mulkinsa na ƙarshe daga 1939 – 1946. Amin ya bayyana imaninsa na farko cewa Masarawa ba su ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙin Larabci ba a zamanin Tsakiya kamar yadda sauran al'ummomin Larabawa suka yi. [1] Daif ya amsa cewa ƙarancin ayyukan Masar da aka buga da kyau daga lokacin ya sa aka yanke hukunci mai tsauri kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa shi da Amin su sake buga sassan Masar a cikin jerin waƙoƙin zamanin. [2] Amin ya amince da shi cikin gaggawa, kuma suka fara aikin dogon lokaci wanda Daif ya rubuta gabatarwar kuma Amin ya rubuta gabatarwar. [2] Abokin aikinsa Ihsan Abbas ya taimaka wajen gyara folios don sake bugawa daga 1951 zuwa 1952. [1]

Daga baya Daif ya rubuta ayyuka sama da 50 a fannin fasaha da adabi. Nazarinsa game da ci gaban wakokin Larabci a lokacin Khalifancin Umayyawa har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi mahimmancin littafin tunani a kan batun.  Babban aikinsa shi ne Tarihin Adabin Larabci mai juzu'i 100, wani aiki da ya ɗauki shekaru 30 kafin a kammala, kuma ya kasance taƙaitaccen bayani game da dukkan waƙoƙi, sukar adabi da nazarin maganganu tun daga lokacin Jahiliyya har zuwa zamanin bayan Abbasiyawa .   Ana ɗaukar aikin a matsayin wanda ba shi da mahimmanci ga ɗaliban adabin Larabci, kuma an sake buga wasu juzu'i har sau 20. 

Daif ya haifar da ƙananan girgiza a tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 lokacin da ya sake gano tsohon fannin harsuna na Ibn Maḍāʾ wanda aka fi sani da Refutation of the Grammarians .  Daif ya yarda da babban jigon Refutation : shugabancin harshe da kwatancen sun sa ilimin harshen Larabci ya zama mai wahala da rikitarwa, kuma duka sun ɗauki jigon a matsayin abin da ya jawo kiraye-kirayensa na sabunta ilimin fasahar harshe a Gabas ta Tsakiya. 

 Gado 
An girmama Daif sosai a duk faɗin ƙasashen Larabawa, bayan ya sami kyautar Sarki Faisal ta ƙasa da ƙasa kan adabi a shekarar 1983 da kuma kyautar Shugaban ƙasa kan adabi a shekarar 2003.  A lokacin aikinsa, an kuma ba shi kyaututtuka biyu na gwamnati a Masar da kuma kyautar Kwalejin Harshen Larabci. 

Daif yana da masoya da masu suka da yawa. Marubuci kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Levantine Shakib Arslan ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin mai kare Daif daga sukar gargajiya, yana mai kiran kansa "mai aiwatar da maƙiyan Shawqi." 

 Iyali 
Daif ya bar ƙaramin iyali na malamai a Jami'ar Alkahira. Babbansa, Farfesa Emeritus Assem Deif, farfesa a fannin Injiniya da 'yarsa Farfesa Randa Deif ta fannin Neurology a Kwalejin Likitanci ta Kasr Al Ainy . Jikokinsa biyu kuma Malaman Jami'ar Alkahira ne; Farfesa Mahmoud Elfiky, farfesa a fannin Tiyatar Yara da Dr. Sara Deif a fannin Injiniya.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910