H. A. R. Gibb

Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb FBA (2 Janairu 1895 - 22 Oktoba 1971), wanda aka fi sani da H. A. R. Gibb,  masanin tarihi ne kuma masanin Gabas ta Scotland. 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Gibb a ranar Laraba, 2 ga Janairu, 1895, a Alexandria, Masar, ga Alexander Crawford Gibb, ɗan John Gibb na Gladstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, da Jane Ann Gardner na Greenock, Scotland. Mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta 1897, daga nan mahaifiyarsa ta fara aikin koyarwa a Alexandria. Hamilton ya koma Scotland don karatunsa na yau da kullun yana da shekaru biyar: na farko, shekaru huɗu na karatun sirri, bayan haka ya fara a Royal High School, Edinburgh a shekara ta 1904, ya zauna har zuwa 1912. Iliminsa ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin gargajiya, kodayake ya haɗa da Faransanci, Jamusanci, da kimiyyar jiki . A shekara ta 1912, Hamilton ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Edinburgh, yana shiga cikin sabon shirin girmamawa a harsunan Semitic ( Ibrananci, Larabci, da Aramaic ). Mahaifiyar Hamilton ta mutu a shekara ta 1913 yayin da yake karatu a shekara ta biyu a jami'a. Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Euston Gibb da Archibald Gibb. (ilimin iyali)

 Aikin soja 
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Gibb ya daina karatunsa a Jami'ar Edinburgh don yin aiki a Royal Artillery of the United Kingdom a Faransa daga watan Fabrairun 1917, sannan ya yi watanni da dama a Italiya a matsayin jami'in da aka naɗa . An naɗa shi aiki yana da shekaru 19.

An ba shi digiri na farko na Master of Arts (MA) a fannin "gata na yaƙi" saboda aikinsa har zuwa lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 11 ga Nuwamba, 1918 .

 Aikin ilimi 
Bayan yaƙin, Gibb ya yi karatun Larabci a SOAS, Jami'ar Landan, inda ya sami digirin digirgir na MA a shekarar 1922.  Rubutunsa na MA, wanda ƙungiyar Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland ta buga daga baya a matsayin littafi, ya kasance kan mamayar Musulmi a Transoxiana .

Daga 1921 zuwa 1937 Gibb ya koyar da adabin Larabci a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas ta wancan lokacin, karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Thomas Arnold, inda ya zama farfesa a can a 1930.  A wannan lokacin shi ne editan Encyclopaedia of Islam . Makdisi, George (1965). Arabic and Islamic Studies in Honor of Hamilton A. R. Gibb. Brill Archive. p. 15. Daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai Bafarawa ɗan Birtaniya kuma mai karatu a Larabci, James Heyworth-Dunne . Gibb, H. A. R. (Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen) (1895–1971). National Library of Australia. Accessed 3 June 2013. A 1937 Gibb ya maye gurbin David Samuel Margoliouth a matsayin Farfesa Laudian na Larabci tare da Fellowship a Kwalejin St John, Oxford, inda ya zauna tsawon shekaru goma sha takwas. 

A shekarar 1955, Gibb ya zama Farfesa James Richard Jewett na Larabci da kuma Farfesa a Jami'a a Jami'ar Harvard . Makdisi, George (1965). Arabic and Islamic Studies in Honor of Hamilton A. R. Gibb. Brill Archive. p. 15.  Ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya a shekarar 1957, kuma ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1963. Gibb, H. A. R. (Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen) (1895–1971). National Library of Australia. Accessed 3 June 2013.

HAR Gibb yana ɗaya daga cikin amintattun EJW Gibb Memorial, wata ƙungiya wadda tun daga shekarar 1905 ta buga jerin Gibb Memorial Series .

 Bincike 
Gibb ya yi aiki a fannoni uku, adabin Larabci da harshe, tarihin Musulunci da cibiyoyi, da kuma Musulunci. Bayan Yaƙin Larabawa a Tsakiyar Asiya, babban aikinsa na farko shine Adabin Larabci - Gabatarwa (1926). Mafi mahimmancin aikinsa akan Musulunci shine Modern Trends in Islam (1947) da kuma Muhammadanism: An Historical Survey (1949), wanda daga baya aka sake buga shi a matsayin Musulunci: An Historical Survey . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa na baya-bayan nan shine Nazarin Wayewar Musulunci (1962),

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Haka kuma a shekarar 1922 Gibb ya auri Helen Jessie Stark. Sun haifi ɗa ɗaya, Ian (1923–2005), da kuma 'ya mace ɗaya, Dorothy (1926–2006, yanzu Dorothy Greenslade). Makdisi, George (1965). Arabic and Islamic Studies in Honor of Hamilton A. R. Gibb. Brill Archive. p. 15.

Gibb ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1971.

 Ƙungiyoyi 

 Ɗan ƙungiyar British Academy, Danish Academy, American Philosophical Society
 Babban ɗalibi na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, Kwalejin Medieval ta Amurka
 Memba na Kwalejin Harshen Larabci a Alkahira, Institut d'Egypt (Mai Taimako), Kwalejin Larabawa ta Damascus (Mai Girmamawa), Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Iraki

 Littattafan tarihi 

 Nasarar Larabawa a Tsakiyar Asiya (1923), Ƙungiyar Sarauta ta Asiya.
 Adabin Larabci - Gabatarwa (Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1926; sabon bugu, Clarendon Press, 1963; bugu na Oxford Paperbacks, Oxford University Press, 1974).
 Ibn Batuta, 1304–1377 Tafiye-tafiye a Asiya da Afirka 1325-I354, trans. kuma Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Roskeen ya zaɓa (London: Routledge, 1929), ( Arabic   ).
 Tafiya a Asiya da Afirka, 1325–1354 (1929), an fassara kuma an zaɓa tare da gabatarwa da bayanin kula, RM McBride. 
 Bayani daga Farfesa HAR Gibb (1939), daga Arnold J. Toynbee, Nazarin Tarihi, Sashe na I. C I ( b ) Annex I, shafi na 400-02.
 Yanayin Zamani a Musulunci (1947).
 Addinin Musulunci: Binciken Tarihi (1949) ya sake sanya wa suna Musulunci: Binciken Tarihi (1980), Oxford.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971