Rashin gurɓata iska a Karachi

Karachi shine birni mafi girma a Pakistan kuma birni na 12 mafi girma a duniya yana fuskantar matsalar gurɓacewar iska. Iskar iska ta Karachi tana kara tabarbarewa tsawon shekaru, tare da yawan gurbatar yanayi ya wuce iyakokin da  Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta gindaya.

Wani bincike na shekarar 2025 da Climate TRACE ya yi na yankunan birane tare da mafi yawan mutanen da aka fallasa ga matakan gurɓataccen iska sun bayyana Karachi a matsayin mafi girma.

 Ƙididdigar ingancin iska 
Sakamakon ingancin iska na Karachi (AQI) ya tashi zuwa matakin rashin lafiya na 193, yana mai da shi birni na huɗu mafi gurɓata a duniya."Karachi's air quality worsening". Brecorder. February 28, 2022. AQI na birnin sau da yawa yana cikin mafi girma a duniya, yana nuna matakan gurɓata iska.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gurɓacewar iska a Karachi. An yi rikodin yawan PM2.5 a cikin birni da sau 11.8 sama da ƙimar jagororin ingancin iska na shekara-shekara na WHO. "Karachi's air quality worsening". Brecorder. February 28, 2022. Matsakaicin sa'o'i 24 na PM2.5 a cikin Korangi ya kasance 101 ± 45.6 μg/m3 da 76.5 ± 38.4 μg/m3 a Cibiyar Tibet. Waɗannan matakan sun fi girma sosai a lokacin hunturu, suna ba da shawarar ƙara yawan ayyukan konewa da rage watsawar iska.

 Manyan tushen gurɓataccen yanayi 
Manyan hanyoyin gurbacewar iska a Karachi sun hada da zirga-zirga da hayakin masana'antu, kona sharar gida, janareta, hayakin firiji, hura kura da murhun da ake amfani da su a gidaje da otal-otal."Karachi's air quality worsening". Brecorder. February 28, 2022. Kashi 70% na gurɓataccen iska a Karachi ana fitar da shi ta motoci.

Injin bugu biyu da ke kan raksha da babura na daya daga cikin manyan gurbacewar iska a Karachi da sauran Pakistan. Injin bugun bugun jini, da kuma motocin da ba su da lahani ko rashin kulawa, manyan gurɓata ne ta hanyar fitar da hayaƙin carbon dioxide. Injin bugun bugun jini da kuma motocin da ba su da inganci da ke amfani da man shafawa mara inganci sune manyan fidda sulfur dioxide da hayaki. Motocin da ke aiki akan gurɓataccen iskar gas da kuma iskar gas mai ruwa da tsaki sune manyan gurɓatattun iska. 

 Tasirin muhalli 
Gurbacewar iska ta yi wa muhallin Karachi mummunar illa. Duk nau'ikan dazuzzukan da ke bakin gabar tekun Sindh, ciki har da mangroves, wadanda ake amfani da su wajen taimakawa shakar carbon dioxide da iska mai tsafta a Karachi, sun ragu zuwa matakan ban tsoro. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, Karachi ya yi asarar kadada 10,000 na gandun daji na mangrove saboda mamayewa, kasuwanci da inganta ababen more rayuwa.

 Amsar gwamnati 
Duk da halin da ake ciki, da'awar tarayya da Gwamnatin Sindhs na saka hannun jari sosai a cikin birni don inganta muhalli da lafiyar jama'a ba komai bane face ƙarya da rashin gaskiya. Dangane da lalacewar ingancin iska, Babban Ministan Shari'a na Sindh (Rtd) Maqbool Baqar ya yi kira ga jama'a da su tabbatar da amfani da abin rufe fuska.

 Dubi kuma 

 Rashin gurɓata iska a Lahore
 Rashin gurɓata iska a Peshawar
 Rashin gurɓata iska a Islamabad

 Bayanan da aka ambata