Yanayin Equatorial na Atlantic

Yanayin Equatorial na Atlantic ko Atlantic Niño tsarin yanayi ne na shekara-shekara na Tekun Atlantika. Yana da yanayin da ya fi dacewa na canjin shekara-shekara wanda ke haifar da sauyawa da sanyaya Yanayin zafi na teku tare da canje-canje a cikin yaduwar yanayi. Kalmar Atlantic Niño ta fito ne daga kamanceceniya da El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) wanda ke mamaye tafkin Pacific mai zafi. Saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran Atlantic Niño sau da yawa ɗan'uwan El Niño. Atlantic Niño yawanci yana bayyana a lokacin rani na arewa, kuma ba daidai ba ne da Yanayin Atlantic Meridional (Interhemispheric) wanda ya ƙunshi arewa maso kudu a fadin ma'auni kuma yana aiki a lokacin bazara na arewa. An san abubuwan da suka faru na zafi da sanyaya da ke da alaƙa da Atlantic Niño suna da alaƙa sosai da bambancin ruwan sama a kan nahiyoyin da ke kewaye, musamman a kasashen Yammacin Afirka da ke kan iyakar Tekun Guinea. Sabili da haka, fahimtar Atlantic Niño (ko rashin shi) yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga tsinkayen yanayi a waɗancan yankuna. Kodayake Atlantic Niño wani yanayi ne na musamman ga Atlantic na equatorial, akwai yiwuwar dangantaka mai mahimmanci tsakanin ENSO da Atlantic Niño a wasu yanayi.

 Tushen da tsari 
Bambancin wurare masu zafi na duniya ya mamaye ENSO a cikin Pacific. Wannan sabon abu ya samo asali ne daga hulɗar iska da teku, yana samar da tsarin yanayi da teku wanda ke motsawa tare da lokutan a kan tsari na shekaru uku zuwa biyar. Koyaya, tushen jiki don wannan oscillation ba'a iyakance shi sosai ga kwandon Pacific ba, kuma hakika, irin wannan yanayin bambancin ya wanzu a cikin Atlantic na equatorial, duk da cewa a kan karamin sikelin.

Atlantic Niño yana da yanayin yanayin zafin jiki na teku wanda ke tsakiyar ma'auni tsakanin 0 ° da 30 ° W. Ba kamar takwaransa na Pacific ba, Atlantic Niño ba shi da yanayin zafin jiki na teku wanda ke canza alamar daga gabas zuwa yamma, amma a maimakon haka yana da yanayin kwandon guda ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, girman Atlantic Niño ya kasance kusan rabin na El Niño. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, wannan yanayin zafin jiki na teku yana da alaƙa da canji a cikin iskar kasuwanci. Wani yanayi mai dumi yana da alaƙa da iskar kasuwanci mai sauƙi a fadin babban yanki na kwandon Atlantic na equatorial, yayin da wani yanayi mai sanyi yana da alaƙar ingantaccen iska na gabas a cikin wannan yankin. Wadannan canjin Iska ta kasuwanci za a iya fahimta a matsayin rauni da karfafawar yaduwar Atlantic Walker. Wannan yayi kama da yanayin damuwa na iska da aka gani a cikin Pacific a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño (ko La Niña), kodayake yana tsakiyar yamma a cikin kwandon Atlantic. Babban bambanci tsakanin El Niño da Atlantic Niño shine cewa yanayin zafin jiki na teku yana da iyaka sosai ga ma'auni a cikin yanayin Atlantic, yayin da ake lura da mafi girma a cikin Pacific.

Duk da yake halaye na sararin samaniya na Atlantic Niño mai girma suna da kama da takwaransa na Pacific, bambancin sa na lokaci ya ɗan bambanta. Atlantic Niño ya bambanta a kan lokutan shekara-shekara kamar El Niño amma kuma yana nuna ƙarin bambanci a kan lokuttan yanayi da na shekara-sheko. Wato, kuma Atlantic Niño ya bayyana karamin ɓangare na jimlar bambancin a cikin Atlantic na equatorial fiye da El Niño a cikin Pacific na equatorium. Wannan shi ne saboda abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanayi na yanayi suna da alaƙa da bambancin shekara-shekara. Atlantic Niño yawanci ya kai wani lokaci mai girma a lokacin rani na boreal (ko da yake akwai banbanci), yayin da El Niño ya girma a cikin hunturu na boreal. Ci gaban Atlantic Niño yana da alama ta hanyar fitowar alamu masu tsayi a tsakiyar kwandon. Wannan ya bambanta da El Niño, wanda sau da yawa zai iya bunkasa a matsayin yanayin zafi na teku wanda ke ƙaura zuwa yamma daga bakin tekun Kudancin Amurka ko ƙaura zuwa gabas daga tsakiyar Pacific.

 Tasirin Yanayi na Afirka 
Warming ko sanyaya na tekun equatorial yana da sakamako mai fahimta ga yanayin yanayi. Tekun equatorial sun ƙunshi babban ɓangare na kasafin kuɗin zafi gaba ɗaya kuma, sabili da haka, suna canza tsarin mulki a kusa da equator. Game da Pacific El Niño, ingantaccen convection a tsakiyar Pacific da rage convection akan Maritime Continent yana canza yanayin ba kawai a cikin wurare masu zafi ba, amma a duniya. Tunda Atlantic Niño yayi kama da ENSO, muna iya sa ran tasirin yanayi daga gare ta. Koyaya, idan aka ba da ƙaramin girmansa duka a sararin samaniya (yankin Atlantic ya fi karami fiye da yankin Pacific) kuma a cikin girman, tasirin yanayi na Atlantic Niño ya fi dacewa a gani a cikin yankuna masu zafi da masu zafi da ke kusa da Atlantic.￼

Za'a iya fahimtar tasirin Atlantic Niño akan yanayin Afirka ta hanyar kimanta yadda yanayin zafi na teku na yau da kullun ya shafi ƙaurawar yanayi na Yankin haɗuwa na Intertropical (ITCZ). Yanayin zafi na teku mai zafi yana rage matsin iska wanda ke haifar da kwararar ma'auni fiye da yadda aka saba. Wannan, bi da bi, yana hana ITCZ daga ƙaura zuwa arewa kamar yadda zai kasance a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada a lokacin rani, rage ruwan sama a cikin Sahel mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa arewa, da ƙara ruwan sama a yankuna tare da Tekun Guinea. Karin ruwan sama dangane da na al'ada yawanci yana da alaƙa da mummunan yanayin zafin jiki a kan waɗannan yankunan ƙasa masu zafi. Wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa yanayin zafi a cikin yanayin zafi na Tekun Indiya yana ba da gudummawa ga bushewar Sahel na dogon lokaci, wanda ke kara tsanantawa ta hanyar dumama na lokaci-lokaci na Atlantic da ke da alaƙa da Atlantic Niño. A zahiri, ikon yin hasashen Atlantic Niño babban tambaya ce ta bincike saboda tasirin ta akan yanayin yanayi.

 Dangantaka tsakanin El Niño da Atlantic Niño 
Bambancin wurare masu zafi na duniya ya fi rinjaye da Pacific El Niño, yana barin a matsayin tambaya mai inganci ko Atlantic Niño na iya zama tasirin El Niño. Babu wata dangantaka ta zamani tsakanin su biyu,  amma irin wannan sanarwa ba lallai bane ta zama da amfani idan aka yi la'akari da cewa El Niño yana da tsawo a cikin hunturu yayin da Atlantic Niño ke da tsawo. Binciken Lagged ya nuna cewa tasirin El Niño mafi shahara a kan Atlantic mai zafi a cikin bazara da rani mai zuwa shine yanayin zafi na teku mai zafi wanda ke tsakiyar arewacin yankin Atlantic Niño. Wannan kuma ya nuna cewa babu wata dangantaka ta asali. Koyaya, bincike mai zurfi ya nuna cewa gasa tsakanin sanyaya wanda ke haifar da karuwar damuwa ta iska da dumama wanda ke haifar daga karuwar zafin iska, duka biyun tasirin El Niño ne mai nisa a kan Tekun Atlantika, yana da alaƙa mai rauni. Lokacin da ɗayan waɗannan matakai ya mamaye ɗayan, wani Atlantic Niño (mai dumi ko sanyi) taron zai iya biyo baya. Wannan yana da babban sha'awa idan aka yi la'akari da ƙalubalen a cikin tsinkaya na Atlantic Niño.

 Bambancin sararin samaniya na Atlantic Niño 
Ba duk abubuwan da suka faru na Atlantic Niño iri ɗaya ba ne. Wasu sun bayyana da wuri fiye da wasu ko kuma sun ci gaba da daɗewa. Wadannan bambance-bambance a lokacin farawa da kuma raguwa ana kama su da kyau ta hanyar nau'ikan nau'ikan Atlantic Niño guda huɗu (watau, farkon ƙare, mai ɗorewa, farkon farawa da ƙarshen farawa).  Da yawa daidai da bambance-bambance a cikin lokutan farawa da ɓacewa, waɗannan nau'ikan huɗu suna nuna bambance-buce masu ban mamaki a cikin ruwan sama a Yammacin Afirka da Kudancin Amurka. Musamman, nau'ikan da suka ci gaba da farawa na baya-bayan nan suna da halayen yanayin zafi na teku na Atlantic wanda ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen shekara. Don haka, suna da alaƙa da dogon lokaci na karuwar ruwan sama a yankin Sahel na Yammacin Afirka (Yuli - Oktoba). Idan aka kwatanta, nau'ikan da suka fara da farko da na farko suna da alaƙa da iyakantaccen lokacin karuwar ruwan sama a yankin Sahel na Yammacin Afirka (Yuli - Agusta). Yawancin nau'ikan suna ƙarƙashin hanyoyin farawa waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙaddamarwa a cikin bazara ta hanyar Atlantic Meridional Mode (nau'ikan da suka fara) ko Pacific El Niño (nau'o'in da suka fara da farko), yayin da ga bambancin farawa na ƙarshe babu wata tushe ta tilasta waje.

 Dubi kuma 

 Tsarin yanayi
 Haɗin kai daga nesa
 Benguela Niño
 Adadin Adadin Adanawa
 Yammacin Yammacin Wutar Wutar Wuta

 Bayani 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 



















 Haɗin waje 

 El Niño, Kudancin Amurka Monsoon, da Atlantic Niño kamar yadda aka gano ta hanyar shekaru goma na QuikSCAT, TRMM da TOPEX / Jason Observations
 Daga El Nino zuwa Atlantic Nino: hanyoyin da aka gani a cikin iskar QuikScat