Arvi Hurskainen

Arvi Johannes Hurskainen (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1941 a Kitee) masanin ilimin harshe ne na Finnish. Tun daga shekara ta 1985, ya haɓaka fasahar harshe ta doka galibi ga Swahili, amma kuma ga wasu harsuna, gami da fassarar inji daga Turanci zuwa Finnish. Ya kirkiro yanayin ci gaba da ake kira SALAMA (ƙaddamarwa don Manajan Harshen Swahili), amma ya dace da kowane harshe. Manyan aikace-aikacen da aka haɓaka har zuwa yanzu sun haɗa da waɗannan: mai binciken rubutun Swahili, [1] mai ba da labari na matani, [2] ƙamus mai ci gaba tsakanin Swahili da Turanci [3] da masu fassara [4] daga Swahili zuwa Turanci, daga Turanci zuwa Swahili, kuma daga Turanci zuwa Finnish. Ya kuma haɓaka tsarin ilmantarwa na ci gaba don Swahili da kuma tsarin don samar da ƙamus da aka yi niyya ga masu koyon harshe. [2][5] Hurskainen ya tattara ƙungiyoyi biyu da aka rubuta, Helsinki Corpus na Swahili 1.0 da Helsinki Corpus of Swahili 2.0. [6]

 Nazari da tarihin aiki 
Ya fara karatun tiyoloji a jami'ar Helsinki. Daga baya, bayan ya yi aiki a Tanzaniya, ya karanci ilmin dan Adam, kuma ya buga karatun digirinsa na PhD, Cattle and Culture. Tsarin Al'ummar Pastoral Parakujo.  A cikin 1976, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a cikin Jipemoyo Project, wanda Cibiyar Kwalejin Finland a Tanzaniya ta dauki nauyinsa, kuma a cikin 1977-1980, a cikin sabis na Ofishin Jakadancin Lutheran na Finnish a Helsinki.

Hurskainen ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Helsinki, na farko a matsayin malami a 1981-1989 sannan a matsayin farfesa a 1989-2006. A tsakanin, a cikin 1984-1985, ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Tumaini a Tanzaniya . Kafin shiga jami'a, ya yi aiki a Tanzaniya na tsawon shekaru takwas a ayyukan koyarwa daban-daban. Ya kasance darektan Sashen Nazarin Asiya da Afirka a 1999-2001. Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2006.

A cikin 1988-1992, ya jagoranci aikin filin aikin Harshen Swahili da Hidima, wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Finland da Jami'ar Dar-es-Salaam suka dauki nauyi. Aikin ya samar da mai magana da yawun DAHE (Dar-es-Salaam - Helsinki), wanda daga baya aka yi digitized.

 Fasahar harshe 
Hurskainen ya haɓaka fasahar harshe ta yin amfani da cikakken nazarin harshe. Ana yin bayanin ainihin harshe ta amfani da masu fassara na ƙasa, wanda Kimmo Koskenniemi ya fara haɓakawa. Kalmomin guda ɗaya ana ɓata su ta amfani da fasahar nahawu . Hakanan, ana yin taswirar syntactic a wannan lokaci. Ana yin ɓarna da taswira na ɗabi'a ta amfani da Constraint Grammar 3.0, wanda Fred Karlsson ya haɓaka kuma Pasi Tapanainen daga Connexor ya aiwatar. 

Hanyar tushen ƙa'idar da Hurskainen ya haɓaka yana da kamanceceniya tare da sauran tsarin tushen ƙa'ida, kamar Tsarin Nahawu  da Nooj.  Hanyoyi na tushen ƙa'idodi ga fasahar harshe, musamman yayin da suke amfani da fassarar injin, ana ɗaukar su dace da ƙananan albarkatun ƙasa waɗanda ke da wadataccen ilimin halittar jiki, kamar harsunan Bantu. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1941