Ƙafar Giwa (Chernobyl)

Kafar Giwa (Ukrainian: Слонова нога, romanized: Slonova noha, Rashanci: Слоновья нога, romanized: Slonovya noga) shine sunan barkwanci da aka baiwa babban taro na corium a ƙarƙashin Reactor 4 na Chernobyl Power Nuclear, Ukraine. Yawan da aka kafa a lokacin bala'in Chernobyl na 1986 daga kayan kamar narkakken kankare, yashi, karfe, uranium, da zirconium. An ba shi suna don ƙaƙƙarfan kamanni da girmansa mai girma, mai zazzage ƙafar giwa.

An gano shi a cikin Disamba 1986, "ƙafa" yana cikin wani shingen kulawa da ke ƙasa da ragowar Reactor No. 4, ko da yake sau da yawa-hoton samuwar wani karamin yanki ne kawai na yawancin manyan corium a yankin. Tana da sanannen suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke aiki da rediyo a tarihi, ko da yake haɗarin ya ragu a kan lokaci saboda lalata kayan aikin rediyo.

 Asalin 
Ƙafar Giwa tarin baƙar fata ne tare da yadudduka da yawa, suna kama da itacen itace da gilashi. An kafa shi ne a lokacin bala'in Chernobyl na watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1986 daga cakuda mai kama da dutse na kayan da suka tsere daga cikin reactor, kayan daga reactor kanta, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin shuka kamar kankare da ƙarfe. An gano ƙafa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1986 a cikin Room 217/2, mita 15 (49 feet) zuwa kudu maso gabashin rushewar reactor da mita 6 (20 feet) sama da matakin ƙasa. Abubuwan da suka hada da Elephant's Foot sun narke ta hanyar akalla mita 2 (6.6 feet) na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, sannan ya gudana ta hanyar bututu da fissures kuma ya sauka a cikin hallway don isa wurin da yake yanzu.

 Rubuce-rubuce 
Ƙafar Giwa baƙar fata ce da aka hada da silicon dioxide, tare da ƙananan adadin wasu oxides, da farko uranium, calcium, baƙin ƙarfe, zircon" id="mwQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zirconium">zirconium, aluminum, Magnesium, da potassium. A tsawon lokaci, lu'ulu'u na zircon sun fara samuwa a hankali a cikin taro yayin da yake sanyaya, kuma lu'ulu-lu'u na Uranium dioxide dendrites suna girma da sauri kuma suna fashewa akai-akai. Duk da rarraba barbashi masu dauke da uranium ba daidai ba ne, ana rarraba rediyo na taro daidai. Jama'a sun kasance masu yawa kuma ba su da ƙarfi ga ƙoƙarin tattara samfurori don bincike ta hanyar drill da aka ɗora a kan trolley mai sarrafawa, kuma zagaye masu fashewa da aka harba daga bindigar AK-47 sun zama dole don karya ɓangarorin da za a iya amfani da su. A watan Yunin 1998, yadudduka na waje sun fara juyawa zuwa ƙura kuma taro ya fara fashewa, yayin da abubuwan rediyo suka fara rushewa zuwa wani batu inda amincin tsarin gilashin ya gaza.Vlasova, Irina; Shiryaev, Andrey; Ogorodnikov, Boris; Burakov, Boris; Dolgopolova, Ekaterina; Senin, Roman; Averin, Alexey; Zubavichus, Yan; Kalmykov, Stepan (2015). "Radioactivity distribution in fuel-containing materials (Chernobyl "lava") and aerosols from the Chernobyl "Shelter"". Radiation Measurements. 83: 20–25. Bibcode:2015RadM...83...20V. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.06.005. ISSN 1350-4487. A cikin 2021, an bayyana taro kamar yadda yake da daidaituwa mai kama da yashi.

 Rediyo 
A lokacin da aka gano shi, kimanin watanni takwas bayan an kafa shi, rediyo a kusa da Ƙafar Gishiri ya kasance kusan 8,000 zuwa 10,000  Roentgens a kowace awa, ko 80 zuwa 100 launin toka a kowace awa, yana isar da kashi 50/50 na radiation (4.5 launin toka)  a cikin minti 3. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙarfin radiation ya ragu sosai, kuma a cikin 1996, mataimakin darektan New Safe Confinement Project, Artur Korneyev, wanda ya ɗauki hotuna ta amfani da kyamara ta atomatik da fitilu don haskaka ɗakin duhu ya ziyarci Ƙafar Gishiri.

Ƙafar Giwa kusan 10% uranium ne ta hanyar taro, wanda shine mai fitar da alpha.Vlasova, Irina; Shiryaev, Andrey; Ogorodnikov, Boris; Burakov, Boris; Dolgopolova, Ekaterina; Senin, Roman; Averin, Alexey; Zubavichus, Yan; Kalmykov, Stepan (2015). "Radioactivity distribution in fuel-containing materials (Chernobyl "lava") and aerosols from the Chernobyl "Shelter"". Radiation Measurements. 83: 20–25. Bibcode:2015RadM...83...20V. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.06.005. ISSN 1350-4487. Duk da yake radiation alpha ba zai iya shiga cikin fata ba, shine mafi lalacewar radiation lokacin da aka sha ko kuma a sha barbashi na rediyo. Wannan ya sabunta damuwa yayin da samfurori na kayan daga narkewa (ciki har da Ƙafar Giwa) suka juya zuwa ƙura.Stone, Richard (5 May 2021). "'It's like the embers in a barbecue pit.' Nuclear reactions are smoldering again at Chernobyl". Science. Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 12 May 2021. Duk da haka, corium har yanzu yana haifar da haɗarin radiation na waje saboda kasancewar samfuran fission, galibi Caesium-137.

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 Chernobylite
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