Martha Ray

Martha Ray (1746Bard 2011 - 7 Afrilu 1779) mawaƙiyar Burtaniya ce ta zamanin Jojiya. Mahaifinta ya kasance mai yin kwalliyaPrins & Shreiber 2018, p. 72kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai hidima a cikin gida mai daraja[3]. Kyakykyawan kyan gani, haziki, kuma hazikin mawakiya, ta zo hankalin masoyan mahaifinta da dama[3]. An fi saninta da al'amarinta da John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich.[4] Ta zauna da shi a matsayin uwarsa tun tana da shekara sha bakwai, yayin da matarsa ​​ke fama da tabin hankali. Ta haifi 'ya'ya tara, biyar daga cikinsu sun tsira, [5] ciki har da lauya kuma mai ba da agaji Basil Montagu.[6] A wannan lokacin, ta gudanar da aikin waka cikin nasara, wanda ta shahara, tare da kammala karatunta tare da goyon bayan Lord Sandwich.

 Rayuwa da aiki 
Sandwich ya kafa Ray a wani mazaunin Westminster, kuma ya ba ta kyauta mai karimci, [3] ya ba ta wurin zama a lokacin lokutan da ba ta son zama a gidansa. A cikin jama'a, kodayake Sandwich ya yi aure, su biyun sun zama mata da miji.[3] A wannan lokacin, an gabatar da Ray ga wani soja, James Hackman, ta Sandwich.[7] Hackman ya zama mai yawan baƙo, kuma ana tunanin ya nemi auren Ray a lokuta da dama, amma ta ƙi kowane lokaci[8]. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, Sandwich yana cikin bashi sosai. An yi imanin cewa yayin da Sandwich ya kasance mai karimci ga Ray, bai ba ta wani tsaro na kudi na dogon lokaci ba, wanda zai iya zama abin da ya sa Ray ya jure wa ci gaban Hackman.

A cikin 1779, Hackman ya bar Sojan Biritaniya[9] ya shiga coci.[3] A wani lokaci, wanda aka yi imanin cewa ya kasance a kusa da 1778, Ray da Hackman sun shiga cikin soyayya, amma wannan al'amari bai dade ba, yawancin rahotanni saboda ta gaskata cewa ba shi da kudi da matsayi na zamantakewa don tallafa mata. Duk da haka, Hackman ya ji daɗin Ray gaba ɗaya, yana ƙara kishi, ya ci gaba da bi ta[3].

 Kisa 
A ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1779, [4] [10] [11] a cikin haɗin gwiwar aboki kuma mawaƙa Caterina Galli, Ray ta bar gidanta don halartar wasan kwaikwayo na wasan opera mai ban dariya na Isaac Bickerstaffe Love in a Village.[12] Da yammacin wannan rana ne Hackman ya tunkare ta, amma da ta ki gaya masa inda za ta, sai ya bi ta Royal Opera House da ke Covent Garden. Bayan wasan kwaikwayon da misalin karfe 11:00 na dare, Martha, Caterina da William Hanger, Baron Coleraine ya bar gidan opera tare. Hackman da alama ya yi imani cewa ta ɗauki Hanger a matsayin wani masoyi lokacin da ya shaida ta ɗaukar hannun Hanger yayin da suke tafiya. Daga baya Hackman ya shaida a gaban kotu cewa "Niyyar halaka ta wadda ta fi soyuwa a gare ni fiye da rayuwa ba tawa ba ce har sai wani tashin hankali ya kama ni"[11].

Yayin da Martha ke shirin hawan hawanta, Hackman ya matso ya kashe ta da harbin kai da bindigarsa.[4][13] Ko ita da Coleraine suna da hannu a cikin wani al'amari ba a taɓa tabbata ba a fili.

Bayan harbin da ya yi wa Martha, Hackman ya ciro bindiga ta biyu ya yi yunkurin harbin kansa, amma harsashin ya kalle shi kawai ya bar shi da rauni. Bayan da ya kasa kashe kansa, sai ya yi yunkurin kashe kansa da gindin bindigarsa, amma jama'a suka yi gaggawar kama shi kuma daga baya 'yan tseren Bow Street suka kama shi.[8]

An ba da rahoton cewa Sandwich ta yi baƙin ciki lokacin da motar da babu kowa a cikinta ya isa The Admiralty kuma aka sanar da shi mutuwarta, yana mai cewa "Na iya ɗaukar komai sai wannan."[11].

Kwanaki biyu bayan binne ta a Cocin St Nicolas a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, an yanke wa Hackman hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya.[14] Ya musanta zargin da ake masa na kisan kai, inda ya shaida wa kotun cewa kawai ya taba niyyar kashe kansa. Sai dai kasancewar yana dauke da bindigu biyu masu lodi ya nuna akasin haka kuma alkalan kotun ba su ma jin bukatar yin ritaya ba domin mayar da hukuncin da aka yanke musu. An zartar da hukuncin Hackman a ranar 19 ga Afrilu a gaban babban taron jama'a a Tyburn, London.[15]

An yi amfani da abubuwan da suka faru game da kisan ta a cikin sanannen littafin soyayya da hauka na 1780 na Herbert Croft.[16]

An binne Ray a cikin wani katafaren gida a karkashin wata majami'ar St Nicholas, Elstree. A lokacin gyare-gyaren cocin a shekara ta 1824, an sake gano rumbun ajiyar kuma gawar Ray ta koma wani kabari da ba a bayyana ba a farfajiyar cocin. A cikin 1920, Earl na Sandwich na lokacin an gina wani kabari a bisa kabari.

 Manazarta