Gamaliel

Gamaliel the Elder (/ɡəˈmeɪliəl, -ˈmɑː-, ˌɡæməˈliːəl/;  kuma an rubuta Gamliel; Ibrananci:  Rabban Gamlīʾēl hazZāqēn; Koine Girkanci:  Gamaliēl ho Presbýteros), ko Rabban Gamaliel I, ya kasance jagora a cikin Sanhedrin a farkon karni na farko AZ. Shi ɗan Simeon ben Hillel ne kuma jikan babban malamin Yahudawa Hillel the Elder . Ya haifi Simeon ben Gamliel, wanda aka sanya masa suna ne don mahaifin Gamaliel,  da kuma 'yar, wacce ta auri firist mai suna Simon ben Nathanael. 



A cikin al'adar Kirista, an san Gamaliel a matsayin likitan Farisawa na Dokar Yahudawa.  An ambaci Gamaliel a matsayin memba na Sanhedrin a ">Babi na biyar na Manzanni kuma malamin Bulus Manzanni a Manzanni 22:3 .  Gamaliel ya ƙarfafa 'yan uwansa Farisiyawa su nuna tausayi ga manzanni na Yesu a cikin Ayyukan Manzanni 5:34.Raymond E. Brown, A Once-and-Coming Spirit at Pentecost, page 35 (Liturgical Press, 1994). 

 A cikin al'adar Yahudawa 
A cikin Talmud, an bayyana Gamaliel kamar yadda yake ɗauke da lakabi Nasi  (Ibraniyawa: נָשִׂיא Nāśīʾ "sarki") da Rabban ("maigidanmu") a matsayin shugaban Babban Sanhedrin a Urushalima; ba a shakkar cewa yana da babban matsayi a kotun mafi girma a Urushalika ba.Schechter, Solomon; Bacher, Wilhelm. "Gamliel I". Jewish Encyclopedia. Gamaliel yana da suna a cikin Mishnah don kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan malamai a duk tarihin addinin Yahudanci: "Tun lokacin da Rabban Gamaliel dattijo ya mutu, babu wani girmamawa ga doka, kuma tsabtar da ibada sun mutu a lokaci guda".

Ikon Gamaliel a kan tambayoyin dokar addini an ba da shawarar ta hanyar labaran Mishnaic guda biyu inda "sarki da sarauniya" suka nemi shawararsa game da al'ada. Ba a ba da asalin sarki da sarauniya da ake tambaya ba, amma galibi ana zaton ko dai Hirudus Agaribas ne da matarsa Cypros Nabataean, ko Hirudus Agiribas II da 'yar'uwarsa Berenice.Schechter, Solomon; Bacher, Wilhelm. "Gamliel I". Jewish Encyclopedia.

Kamar yadda wallafe-wallafen rabbi ke bambanta makarantar Hillel the Elder da na Shammai kuma kawai suna gabatar da ra'ayoyin rukuni na kowane ɗayan makarantun tunani masu adawa ba tare da ambaton ra'ayoyi da ra'ayi na rabbi a cikinsu ba, waɗannan matani ba su nuna Gamaliel a matsayin mai ilimi game da nassosi na Yahudawa ba, kuma ba su bayyana shi a matsayin malami ba.Schechter, Solomon; Bacher, Wilhelm. "Gamliel I". Jewish Encyclopedia. Saboda wannan dalili, ba a lissafa Gamaliel a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin mutane waɗanda suka ci gaba da al'adar Mishnaic ba. Maimakon haka, an lissafa sarkar kamar yadda ke wucewa kai tsaye daga Hillel zuwa Yohanan ben Zakkai.

Duk da haka, Mishnah ya ambaci marubucin Gamaliel na wasu dokoki game da jin daɗin al'umma da haƙƙin aure. Ya yi jayayya cewa doka ya kamata ta kare mata a lokacin kisan aure kuma cewa, don manufar sake aure, shaidar guda ɗaya ta kasance isasshen shaida ga mutuwar miji.

Abubuwa daban-daban na wallafe-wallafen rabbi na gargajiya sun kuma ambaci cewa Gamaliel ya aika da wasiƙu uku, waɗanda aka tsara a matsayin sanarwa game da sababbin hukunce-hukuncen addini, kuma waɗanda ke nuna Gamaliel a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Yahudawa don dokar addini. Biyu daga cikin wadannan uku an aika su, bi da bi, ga mazaunan Galili da "Darom" (kudancin Yahudiya), kuma suna kan batun zakka na farko. An aika wasiƙa ta uku ga Yahudawa na diaspora kuma sun yi jayayya don gabatar da wata mai ma'ana.
Tun da makarantar tunani ta Hillelian an gabatar da ita gaba ɗaya, wasu koyarwa kalilan ne a bayyane suke ganewa a matsayin na Gamaliel. Akwai kawai wani abu mai ban mamaki da ke kwatanta ɗalibansa da nau'ikan kifi:

 Kifi mara tsabta na al'ada: wanda ya haddace komai ta hanyar karatu, amma ba shi da fahimta, kuma ɗan iyaye ne matalauta
 Kifi mai tsabta na al'ada: wanda ya koyi kuma ya fahimci komai, kuma ɗan iyaye ne masu arziki
 Kifi daga Kogin Urdun: wanda ya koyi komai, amma bai san yadda za a amsa ba
 Kifi daga Bahar Rum: wanda ya koyi komai, kuma ya san yadda za a amsa

A wasu rubuce-rubuce na Dunash ibn Tamim na ƙarni na goma na Ibrananci game da Sefer Yetzirah, marubucin ya gano Gamaliel tare da likita Galen. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga wani aikin likitanci na Larabci da aka fassara daga Ibrananci mai taken The Book of Gamaliel the Prince (Nasi), wanda ake kira Galenos tsakanin Helenawa. Koyaya, tunda Galen ya rayu a ƙarni na biyu kuma Gamaliel ya mutu a tsakiyar ƙarni na farko, wannan ba zai yiwu ba.

 Bayani 
A cikin Pirkei Avot, an yaba wa Gamaliel yana cewa:

 A cikin Sabon Alkawari da kuma Apocrypha 

 Manazarta