Arianism

Arianism (Koine Greek, )  Koyarwar Kristi ce wacce ta ki amincewa da ra'ayin gargajiya na Triniti, tana koyar da cewa Allah ne ya halicci Yesu sabili da haka ya bambanta da Allah. An sanya masa suna ne bayan mai goyon bayansa Arius (250 ko 256 - 336) kuma yawancin rassan Kiristanci na zamani suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai ridda. Arianism yana hannun 'yan tsiraru na addinai na zamani, kodayake wasu daga cikin waɗannan kungiyoyin suna goyon bayan koyarwar da suka danganci irin su Socinianism, wasu kuma suna guje wa kalmar "Arian" saboda mummunan tarihinsa. Addinai na zamani wani lokacin da ke da alaƙa da koyarwar sun haɗa da Shaidun Jehobah,  wasu majami'u a cikin Ikklisiyoyin Kristi (cikin su wanda ya kafa motsi, Barton W. Stone),  da wasu Kiristoci na Tushen Ibrananci da Yahudawa na Almasihu, kodayake yawancin Yahudawa na Almasihu suna bin Kiristanci na Nicaea. 

An fara danganta shi ga Arius,   wani Kirista ne wanda ya yi wa'azi kuma ya yi karatu a Iskandariya, Misira,  kodayake ya samo asali ne daga nau'o'i daban-daban na Kiristanci wanda ya bambanta da Kiristanci na Nicene daga baya a ra'ayinsu na Christology. Ilimin tauhidin Arius ya ce Yesu Kristi Ɗan Allah ne, wanda Allah Uba ya haifa, tare da bambancin cewa Ɗan Allah ba koyaushe yake ba amma Allah Uba ne ya haife shi kafin lokaci; saboda haka, Yesu bai kasance tare da Allah Uba ba, amma duk da haka Yesu ya fara wanzuwa a waje da lokaci. 

Arians do not believe in the traditional doctrine of the Trinity. The letter of the Arian bishop Auxentius of Durostorum regarding the Arian missionary Ulfilas (–383) gives an overview of Arian beliefs. Ulfilas, ordained by Arian bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia, became a missionary to the Goths and believed that God the Father, the "unbegotten" Almighty, is the only true God. According to Auxentius, Ulfilas believed the Son of God, Jesus, the "only-begotten god", was begotten before time began., ,  The Holy Spirit, he wrote, is the illuminating and sanctifying power of God. Using 1 Corinthians 8:5–6 as a proof text:

An tabbatar da Homoousianism a hukumance ta majalisun ecumenical guda biyu na farko;  tun daga wannan lokacin, an hukunta Arianism a matsayin "karkatarwa ko ɗarika ta Arius".  Ikklisiyar Triniti (Homoousian) ta sami goyon baya sosai daga Patriarch Athanasius na Iskandariya, wanda ya nace cewa Yesu (Allah Ɗa) "ya kasance" ko "ya kasance a cikin asali" tare da Allah Uba. Arius ya nuna rashin amincewa: "Idan Uba ya haifi Ɗa, to wanda aka haifa yana da farkon wanzuwar, kuma daga wannan ya biyo baya akwai lokacin da Ɗa bai kasance ba. "  majalisun Ikklisiya ta farko ta Nicaea ta 325 ta bayyana Arianism a matsayin ridda. A cewar Everett Ferguson, "Yawancin Kiristoci ba su da ra'ayoyi game da yanayin Triniti kuma ba su fahimci abin da ke cikin batutuwan da ke kewaye da shi ba".

Ana kuma amfani da Arianism don komawa ga wasu tsarin tauhidin da ba na Triniti ba na karni na 4, wanda ya ɗauki Yesu Kristi - Ɗan Allah, Logos - a matsayin ko dai halitta da aka haifa na irin wannan ko daban da na Uba, amma ba daidai ba (kamar Homoiousian da Anomoeanism) ko kuma ba a halicce su ba ko kuma a halicci wasu halittu (kamar a cikin Semi-Arianism).

 Asalin 
Wasu Kiristoci na farko waɗanda imanin su zai fada ƙarƙashin 'orthodoxy' a ƙarni na uku da na huɗu sun musanta ƙarni na har abada na Ɗa; sun kalli Ɗa kamar yadda aka haife shi a lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da Tertullian da Justin Martyr .  An dauki Tertullian a matsayin pre-Arian. Daga cikin sauran iyayen coci, an zargi Origen da Arianism don amfani da kalmomi kamar "Allah na biyu", kuma an zargi Patriarch Dionysius na Iskandariya a Roma don cewa Ɗa aiki ne da halittar Allah (watau, halitta).  Koyaya, ƙaddamar da Origen ba daidai ba ne da Arianism, kuma an kalli shi gabaɗaya a matsayin kusa da ra'ayi na Nicene-Constantinopolitan game da Triniti.  

Rikici game da Arianism ya tashi a ƙarshen karni na 3 kuma ya ci gaba a cikin mafi yawan karni na 4. Ya haɗa da yawancin membobin coci - daga masu bi masu sauƙi, firistoci, da 'yan majami'a zuwa bishops, sarakuna, da membobin gidan sarauta na Roma. Sarakuna biyu na Romawa, Constantius II da Valens, sun zama Arians ko semi-Arians, kamar yadda shahararrun sarakunan Gothic, Vandal, da Lombard suka yi kafin da kuma bayan faduwar Daular Romawa ta Yamma. Antipopes Felix II  da Ursinus  sune Arian, kuma an tilasta Paparoma Liberius ya sanya hannu kan Arian Creed na Sirmium na 357 - kodayake wasikar ta ce ya yarda da Arianism. Irin wannan rikici mai zurfi a cikin Ikilisiyar farko a wannan lokacin ba zai iya zama ba tare da tasirin tarihi ba wanda ke ba da tushe ga koyarwar Arian.
Arius ya kasance dalibi na Lucian na Antakiya a makarantar Lucian mai zaman kanta a Antakiya kuma ya gaji daga gare shi wani nau'i mai canzawa na koyarwar Bulus na Samosata. Arius ya koyar da cewa Allah Uba da Ɗan Allah ba koyaushe suke tare har abada ba.

 Bangaskiya 
Kadan daga cikin ayyukan Arius ya tsira sai dai a cikin maganganun da abokan adawarsa suka zaɓa don dalilai na jayayya, kuma babu tabbaci game da abin da al'adun tauhidi da falsafar suka kafa tunaninsa. Tasirin daga Ɗaya daga Neoplatonism ya bazu a duk Daular Roma ta Gabas, kuma wannan ya rinjayi Arius.   

Babban jigon Arius shine cewa Allah ne kawai ke da 'yanci daga wanzuwar. Tun da yake Ɗan ya dogara, dole ne a kira shi halitta. Arians sun gabatar da wata tambaya game da imanin su: "Shin Allah ya haifi Yesu da yardar rai ko ba da son rai ba?" An yi amfani da wannan tambaya don jayayya cewa Yesu ya dogara da wanzuwarsa tunda Yesu ya wanzu ne kawai saboda Allah yana son ya kasance.

Arianism ya koyar da cewa Logos wani allahntaka ne wanda Allah Uba ya halicce shi kafin halittar duniya, yana aiki a matsayin matsakaici don halitta, kuma cewa Ɗan Allah yana ƙarƙashin Uba. Ma'anar Logos tana nufin halayyar Allah ta ciki da ke da alaƙa da hikima. An gano Yesu a matsayin Logos saboda kamanceceniya da wannan bangare na ciki na yanayin Allah.

An yi amfani da aya daga Misalai cewa, bisa ga Arianism, ya yi magana game da halittar Ɗa ta Allah: "Ubangiji ya halicce ni a farkon aikinsa. "  Saboda haka, sun ce, Ɗa shine na farko kuma mafi cikakke daga cikin halittun Allah, kuma an kira shi "Allah" kawai ta hanyar izinin Uba da ikon.   Kalmar "Ɗa" ba ta da tabbas, kamar yadda Arians ke amfani da tauhidin tallafi don tallafawa imanin cewa Uba ne ya halicci Yesu ex nihilo.

 Manazarta 

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