Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa

Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa ƙwaƙwalwa (BFS) ya bayyana alamun bayyanar cututtuka ciki har da wahalar mai da hankali da riƙe bayanai, ciwon kai da ko wuyansa, da ciwon ido. An yi imanin cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta fi yawa a cikin matasa da matasa saboda matsin da ke faruwa a rayuwa a cikin waɗannan shekarun. Kalmar, yanzu tsoho, an fara amfani da ita a karni na 19 a Burtaniya kafin ta zama bayanin mulkin mallaka na makarantar sakandare da daliban jami'a Na Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1960.   Ci gaba da yin la'akari da shi a matsayin ciwon da ke da alaƙa da al'ada wanda ya haifar da matsin lamba don samun nasara a tsakanin matasa  Ayonrinde (2020)  ya yi jayayya.

 Magana 
Kalmar 'brain fag' mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga ma'anar kalmar "fag", "Don sa (mutum, dabba, ko wani ɓangare na jiki) ya gaji; ga gajiya, lalacewa" wanda aka samo asali ne a cikin Turanci na Burtaniya.

 Rarraba 
An rarraba BFS a cikin bita na huɗu na Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) a matsayin ciwon al'adu. Mutanen da ke da alamun cutar kwakwalwa dole ne a bambanta su daga waɗanda ke da cutar bisa ga Scale na Cutar Cutar Ciki (BFSS);  Ola et al sun ce ba za su kasance "mamaki ba idan an kira BFS daidai da ko dai baƙin ciki ko damuwa. "[ing]

Ana motsa fag na kwakwalwa a cikin mutanen da ke da matsananciyar damuwa da mutanen da ke fama da matsananciya. Morakinyo ya sami a cikin mutane 20 tare da BFS nasarar da ke da alaƙa da damuwa wanda ya haifar da amfani da kayan hauka da kuma Rashin barci wanda ya haifar le rikicewar fahimta.Ola BA, Morakinyo O, Adewuya AO (May 2009). "Brain Fag Syndrome - a myth or a reality". Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 12 (2): 135–43. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v12i2.43731. PMID 19582315. Omoluabi ya danganta da BFS don gwada damuwa.

A cikin binciken da ba a sarrafa shi ba a shekara ta 1975 na daliban Najeriya maza 60, Anumonye ya ba da rahoton nasarar magani tare da lorazepam. Sauran sun sami fa'idodi daga magungunan antidepressants da motsa jiki na shakatawa.Ola BA, Morakinyo O, Adewuya AO (May 2009). "Brain Fag Syndrome - a myth or a reality". Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 12 (2): 135–43. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v12i2.43731. PMID 19582315.

 Yaduwar cututtuka 
An bayar da rahoton BFS a wasu al'adun Afirka, Ola BA, Morakinyo O, Adewuya AO (May 2009). "Brain Fag Syndrome - a myth or a reality". Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 12 (2): 135–43. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v12i2.43731. PMID 19582315. da kuma Brazil, Argentina, da Yahudawa na Habasha. Tarihin da aka ruwaito mafi girma tsakanin maza na iya zama saboda yawan maza da ke cikin ilimi mafi girma a kasashen Afirka. Nazarin tun daga shekarun 1990 ba su tabbatar da bambancin jinsi ba.

Sauran binciken sun sami yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙananan Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, haɗin gwiwa tare le matsakaici ko mafi girma, da kuma babban haɗin gwiwa tare na Neuroticism.Ola BA, Morakinyo O, Adewuya AO (May 2009). "Brain Fag Syndrome - a myth or a reality". Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 12 (2): 135–43. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v12i2.43731. PMID 19582315. An gano cewa mutane da ke fama da BFS suna da matsaloli tare da warewa, halaye marasa kyau na karatu, da kuma amfani da kayan hauka da kuma canje-canje na jiki ciki har da tashin hankali na tsoka da bugun zuciya.

 Tarihi 
R. H. Prince ne ya fara bayyana yanayin wanda ya ba da sunan yanayin bisa ga kalmar kwakwalwa fag da dalibai suka yi amfani da su waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa alamun su sun danganta da "gajiyawar kwakwalwa".Ola BA, Morakinyo O, Adewuya AO (May 2009). "Brain Fag Syndrome - a myth or a reality". Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 12 (2): 135–43. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v12i2.43731. PMID 19582315. Koyaya, an yi amfani da wannan kalmar a Turai tun daga 1839. A cikin cikakken labarin tarihi, Ayonrinde (2020) Ayonrinde, Oyedeji A. (2020). "'Brain fag': a syndrome associated with 'overstudy' and mental exhaustion in nineteenth century Britain". International Review of Psychiatry. 32 (5–6): 520–535. doi:10.1080/09540261.2020.1775428. ISSN 0954-0261. PMID 32589474. ya nuna cewa sabanin yarda da aka yi da kuma buga a cikin littattafan bincike, ilimin halayyar mutum, kimiyyar zamantakewa da kuma ilimin ilimi, kalmar "brain fag" da alamun damuwa, alamun motsin rai da somatoform a cikin ɗalibai da "ma'aikacin kwakwalwa" an fara bayyana su a ƙarni na goma sha tara a Burtaniya (Tunstall, 1850) tare da yaduwa a duk Daular Burtaniya. Ayonrinde ya kammala cewa lokaci ya zo don kawar da mulkin mallaka na kwakwalwa da kuma cutar ta Afirka a cikin ruhun gaskiya na tsananin kimiyya a cikin karni na ashirin da daya.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Al'adun Najeriya