Koguna na Meghalaya

Caves na Meghalaya sun ƙunshi kogo masu yawa a cikin Jaintia, Khasi Hills, da Garo Hills a cikin jihar Meghalaya ta Indiya, kuma suna cikin kogo mafi tsayi a duniya. Daga cikin kogo goma mafi tsayi da zurfi a Indiya, tara na farko suna Meghalaya, yayin da na goma yana cikin Mizoram . Mafi tsayi shine Krem Liat Prah a cikin Jaintia Hills, wanda shine  dogon.    Kalmar "Krem" tana nufin kogo a yaren Khasi na gida . 

Binciken Kogon Meghalaya a halin yanzu ana gudanar da shi don ayyukan kimiyya da na nishaɗi,  kuma har yanzu akwai wasu kogwanni da yawa da ba a bincika ba kuma a cikin jihar.  Tafiya na kogo na shekara-shekara wanda Meghalaya Adventurers Association (MAA) ta shirya ana kiranta da "Caving in the Abode of the Clouds Project".   Saboda an samo asali ne a cikin gine-ginen dutse, kogon yana ci gaba da fuskantar barazana daga masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. 

 Tarihi 
A cewar jaridar Bengal Gazette, Krem Mawmluh shine kogo  da wani batu na Biritaniya, Lt. Yule, ya bincika a cikin 1844  an bincika kuma an gano nau'ikan rayuwar kogo guda huɗu.  Bayan lokacin Raj na Burtaniya an sami babban sha'awa a cikin kogo a matsayin wasan kasada a cikin jihar. Tun daga 1990s, wata kungiya ta musamman da aka sani da Meghalaya Adventurers Association (MAA) (wanda ke Shillong ) yana gudanar da bincike na shekara-shekara tare da masu ilimin kimiyya na Turai, cavers daga Indiya, masana daga sauran yankuna na duniya, Sojojin Indiya da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa na Indiya,    suna kawo haske da yawa a cikin yankunan da aka fi sani da kar a cikin ƙasa. 

 Lambobi da girman kogo 
Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2015, an gano kogo da wuraren kogo guda 1,580 a Meghalaya, daga cikinsu an bincika kogo 980 gaba daya ko wani bangare, tsawon tsawon  kogon bincike.  Tare da binciken tsawon , Krem Liat Prah a Jaintia Hills shine kogo mafi tsayi a Meghalaya, da Indiya, kuma an jera shi cikin kogo mafi tsayi a duniya.   Krem Liat Prah ya ƙunshi wani katon nassi mai suna "Aircraft Hangar."  Tun lokacin da aka kafa MAA a cikin 1994, kogon da aka bincika yana da kusan kusan 5% na jimlar hanyoyin karkashin kasa a cikin jihar Meghalaya. 

 Kiyayewa 
Ma'adinan farar ƙasa don masana'antar siminti babbar barazana ce ga kogon Meghalaya,  yana haifar da babban rushewar kogon Krem Mawmluh, kogo na bakwai mafi tsayi a jihar Meghalaya . "Kogon-in" ya kara wayar da kan jama'a game da yuwuwar barazanar wuraren hakar ma'adinai ga arziƙin kimiyya, yawon shakatawa da al'adun gargajiya. Masana kimiyyar halittu da masu nazarin halittu sun matsa wa gwamnatin Meghalaya lamba da ta dauki kwararan matakai na dakatar da aikin hakar farar fata a kusa da kogon dutsen da ke cikin jihar.  A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, an shirya wani kamfanin siminti kusa da kogon Siju (wanda ake kira Bat Cave), kusa da wurin shakatawa na Balphakram a cikin tudun Garo. Wannan aikin ya haifar da adawa mai karfi daga al'ummar yankin, wanda masana kimiyya na duniya suka goyi bayansa, saboda kogon yana dauke da nau'in jemagu da yawa. Bayan an matsa lamba ga jama'a, a karshe ma'aikatar muhalli da gandun daji ta hana izinin gudanar da aikin. 

 Jerin kogo ashirin mafi tsayi a Meghalaya 
SystemLengthLocationFormationRemarksKrem Liat PrahJaintia HillsLimestoneIn the Shnongrim Ridge. Huge trunk passage called the Aircraft Hangar. Longest cave in the Indian Subcontinent.Lumshnong village, Jaintia HillsLimestone24 entrances, both horizontal and vertical. Needs to swim to enter the cavesJaintia HillsLimestoneNear Sammasi village. many side passages and very impressive.Chiehruphi village, on NH 44, Jaintia HillsLimestoneDendritic pattern of stream cave passage. Many entrances. "Titanic Hall" chamber with coloured formations in orange, red, black, grey, blue, green and white.From village Khaddum to Sielkan, Jaintia HillsLimestoneA river cave. 50 natural dams or gours,  high. Large colony of bats.Tangnub village, Jaintia HillsLimestoneAlso known as Very large vertical entrance shaft of  depth leads to fine stream passage and plethora of high fossil passages.Krem TynghengJaintia HillsLimestoneKhasi HillsLimestoneFilled with water needs wading, ceiling is , formations of stalactite, stalagmite, and rock fossils. Also large number of bats. A speleothem in Mawmluh Cave indicates a dramatic worldwide climate event around 2250 BC, and has been selected by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as the boundary stratotype of the Meghalayan stage/age of the late Holocene.Nongjri village, Khasi HillsLimestoneAttraction is from a small entrance leads to  passage called "Way to Heaven," and further to a Mughal Room (more than  wide,  high, and  long).Jaintia HillsLimestoneJaintia HillsLimestoneTetengkil BalwakolNengkhong village, Garo HillsLimestonetwo circular entrances of  dia expanding to walking height passages with dendric river flow.Krem UmsynrangJaintia HillsLimestoneSiju village, Garo HillsLimestoneIt is in the vertical side of the Simsang River. Also known as "bat cave". Has attractive stalagmites and stalactites. It has a Di's chamber. The cave has been extensively researched and is well known.Krem RisangJaintia HillsLimestoneKrem Synrang NgapJaintia HillsLimestoneInitial reaches consist of calcite bosses to reach a major junction leading to an inlet tunnel converging to a smaller section of passage beyond which are potholed galleries with cave pearl-like sandstone pebbles in the floorKrem Synrang LabbitJaintia HillsLimestoneKrem Wah Ryngo – KhongrangJaintia HillsLimestoneKrem IaweShnongrim-Tangnub Ridge, Jaintia HillsLimestoneDaylight lit very wide pothole entrance. A number of attractive fossil passages.Krem MawshunNear church Lelad, Khasi HillsLimestoneDendritic master river cave. Has many decorated high level passages.

 IUGS Geological Heritage Site 
Dangane da Krem Mawmluh Cave site kasancewar 'GSSP na ƙaramin yanki na sikelin lokacin geologic da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi mai ban mamaki tare da tasiri kan wayewar ɗan adam' Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Duniya (IUGS)" ta haɗa da 'GSSP na Meghalayan Stage a cikin Mawmluh Cave' a cikin taronta na Oktoba 100 a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya. 2022. Ƙungiyar ta bayyana wani 'IUGS Geological Heritage Site' a matsayin 'mahimmin wuri tare da abubuwan ilimin geological da / ko matakai na dacewa da kimiyya na kasa da kasa, da aka yi amfani da su azaman tunani, da / ko tare da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa ta tarihi.' 

 Manazarta