Rediyo na hukuma

Tallafin majalisa (ko raba gardama na majalisa) raba gardama ne inda majalisa ta sanya doka da aka gabatar don kuri'un jama'a. Wannan na iya zama da son rai ko, kamar yadda yake a kasashe da yawa don gyaran kundin tsarin mulki, a matsayin wani bangare na tilas na hanyar da za a zartar da doka. Wadannan turawa, dangane da wurin, na iya gyara kundin tsarin mulki ko aiwatar da canji a cikin doka. Wani nau'i ne na Dimokuradiyya kai tsaye. A wasu wurare an san shi da raba gardama na hukuma, kuri'un hukuma, raba gardama da gwamnati ta fara, ko raba gardama daga sama da ƙasa   Yana iya samo asali ne daga reshen majalisa, reshen zartarwa, ko haɗuwa da su biyu.

Batutuwan Bond wani nau'i ne na yau da kullun na ma'auni na jefa kuri'a. A wasu jihohi, kamar Oregon, idan Majalisar dokoki ta jihar a cikin majalisun biyu ta kada kuri'a don sanya ma'auni a kan kuri'un, ba a yarda gwamna ya soke matakin su ba.Kayan aiki na Dimokuradiyya kai tsaye, ya bambanta da 'yan ƙasa (ko "ƙasa") shirin da aka fara daga jama'a. Tare da ka'idoji da gyare-gyare da aka fara, masu jefa kuri'a suna farawa da yanke shawara kan canjin doka. A cikin dokar da za a tura, kawai suna amincewa ko ƙin dokokin da majalisar dokoki ta kada kuri'a don sanyawa a gaban su.

 Amurka 
Batutuwan Bond wani nau'i ne na yau da kullun na ma'auni na jefa kuri'a. A wasu jihohi, kamar Oregon, idan Majalisar dokoki ta jihar a cikin majalisun biyu ta kada kuri'a don sanya ma'auni a kan kuri'un, ba a yarda gwamna ya soke matakin su ba.

 Dokar Jiha 
Jihohin Amurka ashirin da uku suna da tanadi don tura matakan doka ga jama'a a matsayin ma'auni na zabe.
+Jihohin da ke ba da izinin ƙa'idodin doka Arizona
 Arkansas
 California
 Colorado
 Delaware Illinois
 Kentucky
 Maine
 Maryland
 Massachusetts Michigan
 Missouri
 Montana
 Nebraska
 Nevada New Mexico
 North Dakota
 Ohio
 Oklahoma
 Oregon South Dakota
 Utah
 Washington 

 Gyaran kundin tsarin mulki na jihar 
Kusan dukkan majalisun dokoki a jihohi da yankuna a Amurka suna da ikon sanya gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki na jihohi zuwa raba gardama. A mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan kuri'un raba gardama ne, ma'ana cewa raba gardama wajibi ne na doka don a tabbatar da gyare-gyaren.

Delaware ita ce kawai jihar da mutane ba su da ikon jefa kuri'a kan gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki. Majalisar dokokin Delaware ce kawai za ta iya jefa kuri'a kan gyare-gyare.

 Dubi kuma 

 Ƙaddamarwa
 Rubuce-rubucen raba gardama
 Ka tuna zaben

 Manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Dokar Jiha da aka ambata ta Shari'a, kamar yadda aka bayyana a kan Ballotpedia
 Shafin jihar na zaɓuɓɓukan dimokuradiyya kai tsaye