Karatu da rubutu a Pakistan

Karatun karatu da rubutu a Pakistan shine mabuɗin ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Yawan karatu da rubutu a Pakistan ya ga ci gaba a hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, amma ya kasance babban kalubale. Dangane da bayanan kwanan nan, an kiyasta yawan karatun gaba ɗaya a Pakistan ya kasance kusan 62-68%,  tare da bambancin jinsi. Yawan karatun maza a kashi 73-80% ya fi na mata 52-60%, musamman a yankunan karkara, inda samun ilimi ya fi iyakancewa. Abubuwa da yawa suna taimakawa ga ƙarancin karatu da rubutu, gami da talauci, shingen al'adu, rashin isasshen ababen more rayuwa, da rashin ilimi mai inganci a wasu yankuna. An yi ƙoƙari don inganta karatu da rubutu ta hanyar shirye-shiryen gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban, amma cimma ilimin karatu da rubutu na duniya ya kasance burin dogon lokaci. Inganta damar ilimi, musamman ga 'yan mata, da kuma magance bambancin yanki sune matakai masu mahimmanci don inganta yawan karatun Pakistan.

 Yawan karatu da rubutu ta ƙidayar jama'a 
Ma'anar ilimin karatu da rubutu tana fuskantar canje-canje, tare da sakamakon cewa adadi na karatu da rubutu ya ragu ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin ƙididdigar daban-daban. Takaitaccen bayani kamar haka: 
Shekarar ƙidaya [1]
ƙidayar jama'a Jimillar Maza Mata Urban Karkara Ma'anar 
kasancewa "mai karatu" Shekaru [2]
rukuni 1951 (Yammacin Pakistan) 17.9%21.4%13.9%N/AN/AWanda zai iya karanta takarda a kowane harshe
bugawa a kowane harsheDukkanin Shekaru1961 (Yammacin Pakistan) 16.9%26.1%6.7%34.8%10.6%Wanda zai iya karantawa da 
fahimtar wasika mai sauƙi a kowane harsheShekaru 5 da sama197221.7%30.2%11.6%41.5%14.3%Wanda zai iya karatu da rubutu a wasu harsuna tare da fahimta
rubuta a cikin wasu harsuna tare da fahimtaShekaru 10 da Sama198126.2%35.1%16.0%47.1%17.3%Wanda zai iya karanta jarida kuma ya rubuta wasika mai sauƙi
kuma rubuta wasika mai sauƙiShekaru 10 da Sama199843.92%54.81%32.02%63.08%33.64%Wanda zai iya karanta jarida kuma ya rubuta wasika mai sauƙi, a kowane harshe
kuma rubuta wasika mai sauƙi, a cikin kowane harsheShekaru 10 da Sama202162.8%68%52.84%74.09%51.56%Shekaru 10 da Sama

 Yawan karatu da rubutu ta lardin da yankunan da ke karkashin gwamnatin tarayya 
LardinYawan masu karatu 19721981199820212023Punjab20.7%27.4%46.56%66.3%70.5%Sindh30.2%31.5%45.29%61.8%65.4%Khyber Pakhtunkhwa15.5%16.7%35.41%55.1%59.05%Balochistan10.1%10.3%26.6%54.5%58.7%Islamabad (ICT) ...47.8%72.40%...96%Azad Jammu &amp; Kashmir (AJK) ...25.7%55%...91.88% (2021)Gilgit da Baltistan...3% 37.85%......

 Yawan karatu da rubutu 
Yawan karatun Pakistan ya fi ƙasa da sauran maƙwabtanta a Kudancin Asiya a kashi 62.8, na biyu mafi ƙasƙanci a Kudanfin Asiya bayan Afghanistan wanda ke da yawan karatun 37%. Yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu ya kai kashi 73 cikin dari kuma yawan mutanen da suka koya karatu da rubutu na mata ya kai kashi 52.84 cikin dari. Yawan mata masu karatu da rubutu ya sauka zuwa kashi ashirin da biyar a yankunan karkara na Pakistan ciki har da Waziristan da Tharparkar. Har ila yau, shiga makarantar 'yan mata ya ragu sosai a yankunan karkara na Pakistan. Adadin shiga ga 'yan mata a yankunan karkara shine kashi ashirin kawai a makarantar sakandare. Kashi sittin da biyar na yawan mutanen Pakistan sun hada da 'yan karkara. 'Yan ƙasa a Pakistan suna fuskantar batutuwan da ke shafar ingancin rayuwarsu. Batutuwan kamar jahilci suna da alaƙa da talauci da rashin buƙatu na asali.

Iyaye da ke da ƙarancin ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu suna gwagwarmaya don fahimtar shawarwarin kiwon lafiya waɗanda zasu iya shafar ci gaban yaransu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki matsala ce ga yaran iyaye waɗanda ba su da matsayin ilimi na yau da kullun. Iyaye marasa ilimi bazai san abinci mai gina jiki da ake buƙata don yaransu su girma da haɓaka yadda ya kamata ba. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana da alaƙa da uwaye waɗanda ba su da ilimi kuma ba su san yadda ake ciyar da su ba. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke taimakawa ga ƙananan matakan ilimi a Pakistan. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da su akwai rashin aikin yi, talauci, rashin wayar da kan jama'a, rashin halartar malamai, karancin cibiyoyin ilimi masu inganci, da rashin isasshen kulawar gwamnati game da cibiyoyin karatu.

Wani binciken da aka buga ta hanyar Research Journal of Commerce, Economics, and Social Sciences, ya tattauna muhimmancin ilimi. Binciken ya kwatanta Indonesia, Malaysia da Pakistan. Ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don inganta lafiyar gaba ɗaya. Ilimi yana taimakawa ayyukan yi, yana tallafawa adalci da daidaito na zamantakewa, zamantakewa da sanin kai, da kuma bude zuciya. Ilimi yana daya daga cikin muhimman gudummawar da kasar za ta iya bayarwa ga 'yan kasa da fatan rashin daidaito da talauci. Wannan binciken ya sami bambance-bambance a cikin al'adu a Indonesia, Malaysia da Pakistan, da kuma albarkatun daban-daban a cikin ƙasar. Bayanan sun nuna cewa yawan karatun Indonesia ya kai 90%, Malaysia ya kai 89% kuma Pakistan ya kai 62.8%, wanda ya fi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe biyu. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe biyu, Pakistan ta kara talauci da rashin daidaito a cikin ƙasar.

 Dubi kuma 


 Falsafar ilimi ta Muhammad Iqbal
 Jerin sassan gudanarwa na Pakistan ta hanyar Ci gaban Dan Adam
 Jerin cibiyoyin ilimi na musamman a Pakistan
 Jerin cibiyoyin ilimi a Pakistan
 Hakkin Ilimi Pakistan

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