Nicolaas Adrianus Rupke

Nicolaas Adrianus Rupke (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1944 a Rotterdam) masanin tarihin kimiyya ne kuma mai ba da labari, wanda ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a matsayin masanin ilimin ruwa.

Ya yi karatun ilmin halitta da ilimin ƙasa a jami'ar Groningen da ilimin ƙasa da Tarihin kimiyya a Princeton da Oxford. Da farko a cikin karatunsa, Rupke Kirista ne kuma mai goyon bayan ilimin ƙasa na Ambaliyar,  amma daga baya ya ƙi wannan matsayi. Lokacin da aka zabe shi a Kwalejin Wolfson, matsayin bincike na Oxford a tarihin kimiyya, Rupke ya sanya wannan batun aikinsa na cikakken lokaci. Jerin irin wannan matsayi na bincike na kasa da kasa ya biyo baya, har sai a 1993 ya ɗauki farfesa a Jami'ar Göttingen don koyar da tarihin kimiyya da magani. A shekara ta 2009, an ba Rupke kyautar kujerar bincike ta Lower Saxony .  A shekara ta 2012, ya ɗauki farfesa a Jami'ar Washington da Lee da ke Lexington, Virginia, Amurka

Rupke an san shi da karatunsa na ilmin halitta na zamani, ilimin ƙasa da kimiyya da addini. Tare da sha'awar tsarin tarihin rayuwa, ya mayar da mashahurin su na zamani da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyya na ƙarni na sha tara, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu Richard Owen wanda tun kafin bayyanar The Origin of Species ya haɓaka ka'idar halitta ta juyin halitta, duk da cewa ba ta Darwin ba.

Nazarin Alexander von Humboldt ya zo na gaba,  inda Rupke ya haɓaka abin da ya kira tsarin tarihin rayuwa ta hanyar bincika yadda za a iya maimaita rayuwar sanannen - a wannan yanayin Humboldt - kuma a sake gina ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin imani daban-daban da al'adun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. 

Rupke ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Leopoldina ta Jamus ne  da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha ta Göttingen . 

 Littattafan da aka zaɓa 

 Abubuwan da suka bambanta da Turbiditic da Hemipelagic Mud Layers (tare da Daniel J. Stanley). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974.
 Babban Tarihin Tarihi: William Buckland da Makarantar Ilimin Ilimin Ingilishi (1814-1849) . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983 .   
 Vivisection in Historical Perspective (ed.). [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga yaren Girka. ISBN 0415050219 
 Kimiyya, Siyasa da Amfanin Jama'a (ed.). [Hasiya]
 Yanayin Kiwon Lafiya a Tarihin Tarihi (ed.). London: Cibiyar Amincewa ta Wellcome don Tarihin Magunguna, 2000. ISBN 0854840729 
 Richard Owen: Biology ba tare da Darwin ba (revised ed. na Richard Owen: Victorian Naturalist, New Haven da London: Yale, 1994,  ) Chicago da London: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 2009.
 Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography (gyara edition). Chicago da London: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 2008. [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Buga na farko. Peter Lang ISBN 3631539320.  
 Eminent Lives in Twentieth-Century Science and Religion (ed.) (revised and sosai fadada edition). [Hasiya] [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Buga na 2007. Peter Lang ISBN 9783631568033.  
 daga]-linkid="164" href="./Albrecht_von_Haller" id="mwaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Albrecht von Haller">Albrecht von Haller im Göttingen der Aufklärung (an buga shi tare da ).[de] [Hasiya]

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944