Alexandre Koyré

Alexandre Koyré (/kwɑːˈreɪ/;  []; an haife shi Alexandr Vladimirovich (ko Volfovich) Koyra; 29 ga Agusta 1892 - 28 ga Afrilu 1964), wanda aka fi sani da Alexander Koyre, masanin falsafa ne na Faransa na asalin Rasha wanda ya rubuta kan Tarihi da falsafar kimiyya. 

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Koyré a garin Taganrog, Rasha, a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 1892 a cikin iyalin Yahudawa. Sunansa na asali shine Alexandr Vladimirovich (ko Volfovich) Koyra . A Imperial Rasha ya yi karatu a Tiflis, Rostov-on-Don da Odessa, kafin ya ci gaba da karatunsa a kasashen waje.

A Jami'ar Göttingen, Jamus (1908-1911), ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Edmund Husserl da David Hilbert . Husserl bai amince da rubutun Koyré ba, inda Koyré ya tafi Paris, don yin karatu a Collège de France da Sorbonne a lokacin 1912-1913 a karkashin Bergson, Brunschvicg, Lalande, Delbos da Picavet . Bayan Husserl's Cartesian Meditations, jerin laccoci da aka bayar a Paris a watan Fabrairun 1929 (kuma daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan Husserl na baya),  Koyré ya sake saduwa da Husserl akai-akai.

A shekara ta 1914, ya shiga rundunar kasashen waje ta Faransa da zaran yakin ya ɓarke. A shekara ta 1916, ya ba da kansa ga rundunar Rasha da ke yaƙi a gaban Rasha, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatocin Faransa da Rasha.

A shekara ta 1922 Koyré ya kammala digirin digirin digirgir na Jiha guda biyu (wanda ake kira Doctorat ès lettres).  A wannan shekarar ya fara koyarwa a Paris a École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), kuma ya zama abokin aiki na Alexander Kojève, wanda daga ƙarshe ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin malami a kan Hegel. A shekara ta 1931, ya taimaka wajen gano mujallar falsafa Recherches philosophiques . A cikin 1932, EPHE ta kirkiro Sashen Tarihin Addini a Turai ta zamani don ya zama shugaban. Ya riƙe wannan matsayi har zuwa mutuwarsa.

A cikin shekarun 1932-34, 1936-38, da 1940-41, Koyré ya koyar a Jami'ar Fuad (daga baya Jami'ar Alkahira) inda, tare da André Lalande da sauransu, ya gabatar da nazarin falsafar zamani ga malaman Masar. Babban ɗalibinsa a Alkahira shi ne Abdel Rahman Badawi (1917-2002), wanda ake la'akari da shi masanin falsafar Larabawa na zamani na farko. Koyré daga baya ya shiga kwamitin kasar Masar na Free French .

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Koyré ya zauna a Birnin New York, kuma ya koyar a Sabon Makarantar Nazarin Jama'a, gami da darasi a kan Plato's Theaetetus, tare da Leo Strauss da Kurt Riezler, a cikin fall of 1944. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, ya kasance baƙo mai yawa zuwa Amurka, yana ciyar da rabin shekara a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Princeton kowace shekara daga 1955 zuwa 1962 kuma yana koyarwa a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Harvard, Yale, Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'an Wisconsin, da Johns Hopkins. Jawabinsa a Johns Hopkins zai zama tushen ɗayan sanannun wallafe-wallafen da ya fi sani, Daga Ƙarƙashin Duniya zuwa Ƙarƙashiya (1957).

Ya mutu a birnin Paris a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1964.

 Ayyuka 
Kodayake an fi sani da shi a matsayin masanin falsafar kimiyya, Koyré ya fara ne a matsayin mashahurin tarihi na addini. Yawancin asalinsa na wannan lokacin ya dogara ne akan ikonsa na kafa karatunsa na kimiyya ta zamani a kan Tarihin addini da metaphysics.

Koyré ya mayar da hankali kan Galileo, Plato da Isaac Newton . Ayyukansa mafi shahara shine Daga Duniya mai rufewa zuwa Duniya mara iyaka, jerin laccoci da aka bayar a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a 1959 game da tasowa na kimiyya ta zamani da canjin fahimtar masana kimiyya game da duniya a lokacin daga Nicholas na Cusa da Giordano Bruno ta hanyar Newton. Kodayake an sanar da littafin a ko'ina, ya kasance jimlar hangen nesa na Koyré maimakon sabon aiki na asali.

Koyré ya yi shakku game da ikirarin masana kimiyya don tabbatar da gaskiyar halitta ko ta asali ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje. Ya yi jayayya cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun dogara ne akan wurare masu rikitarwa kuma suna tabbatar da hangen nesa a bayan waɗannan wurare, maimakon ainihin gaskiya. Ya soki gwaje-gwajen Galileo akai-akai, yana mai da'awar cewa wasu daga cikinsu ba za su iya faruwa ba, kuma ya kalubalanci sakamakon da Galileo ya yi iƙirarin, wanda masana tarihi na kimiyya na zamani suka yarda da shi.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba