Rufewa bushewa

Kashewar spray wata hanya ce ta samar da busassun foda daga ruwa ko slurry ta hanyar bushewa da sauri tare da iskar gas mai zafi. Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi so na bushewa da kayan da ke da saukin zafi kamar abinci da magunguna,  ko kayan da zasu iya buƙatar daidaituwa sosai, girman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin. Ana amfani da iska a matsayin matsakaiciyar bushewa; duk da haka, ana iya amfani da nitrogen idan ruwa yana da wuta (kamar ethanol) ko kuma idan samfurin yana da iskar oxygen.

Dukkanin masu bushewa suna amfani da wani nau'in atomizer ko burodi don watsar da ruwa ko slurry a cikin girman burodi mai sarrafawa. Mafi yawan waɗannan sune rotary disk da kuma mai matsin lamba mai ƙarfi. An san ƙafafun atomizer don samar da rarraba girman ƙwayoyin cuta, amma duka hanyoyin suna ba da damar rarraba girman ƙwayar cuta. A madadin haka, don wasu aikace-aikace ana amfani da nozzles biyu ko ultrasonic. Dangane da buƙatun tsari, ana iya samun girman raguwa daga 10 zuwa 500 μm tare da zaɓin da ya dace. Aikace-aikacen da aka fi sani da su suna cikin kewayon diamita 100 zuwa 200 μm. Rashin bushewar foda sau da yawa yana gudana kyauta.  

The most common type of spray dryers are called single effect. There is a single source of drying air at the top of the chamber (see n°4 on the diagram). In most cases the air is blown in the same direction as the sprayed liquid (co-current). A fine powder is produced, but it can have poor flowability and causes a lot of dust. To overcome the dust issues and poor flowability of the powder, a new generation of spray dryers called multiple effect spray dryers have been developed. Instead of drying the liquid in one stage, drying is done through two steps: the first at the top (as per single effect) and the second with an integrated static bed at the bottom of the chamber. The bed provides a humid environment which causes smaller particles to clump, producing more uniform particle sizes, usually within the range of 100 to 300 μm. These powders are free-flowing due to the larger particle size.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]

Za'a iya sake amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka samar ta hanyar bushewa ta farko a cikin ci gaba da gudana ko dai a saman ɗakin (a kusa da ruwa mai yayyafa) ko a kasa, a cikin gado mai narkewa. Za'a iya kammala bushewar foda a kan gado mai motsi na waje.

Ana iya wuce iskar bushewa mai zafi a matsayin mai haɗuwa, daidai da mai narkewa mai narkewar ruwa, ko mai rikitarwa, inda iska mai zafi ke gudana akan kwararar daga atomizer. Tare da kwararar kwararru, barbashi suna ciyar da lokaci kaɗan a cikin tsarin da kuma mai raba barbashi (yawanci na'urar cyclone). Tare da kwararar kwararru, barbashi suna ciyar da karin lokaci a cikin tsarin kuma yawanci ana haɗa su tare da tsarin gado mai ruwa. Gudun lokaci-lokaci gabaɗaya yana ba da damar tsarin ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Sauran hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don bushewa sune: 

 Mai bushewa mai daskarewa: tsari mai tsada don samfuran da ke lalacewa a cikin bushewa. Samfurin bushewa ba ya gudana kyauta.
 Drum bushewa: tsari mai tsada mai tsada don samfuran da ba su da ƙima; yana haifar da flakes maimakon foda mai gudana kyauta.
 Mai bushewa na ƙonewa: Tsarin ci gaba mai ƙarancin tsada wanda zai iya ɗaukar nauyin viscosities da ƙarfi fiye da mai bushewa, kuma wani lokacin yana samar da ƙarancin ƙanƙara wanda ke gudana kyauta.

 Tarihi 
The spray drying technique was first described in 1860 with the first spray dryer instrument patented by Samuel Percy in 1872.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>] With time, the spray drying method grew in popularity, at first mainly for milk production in the 1920s and during World War II, when there was a need to reduce the weight and volume of food and other materials. In the second half of the 20th century, commercialization of spray dryers increased, as did the number of spray drying applications. 

 Mai bushewa 
Mai bushewa yana ɗaukar ruwa mai ruwa kuma ya raba solute ko dakatarwa a matsayin mai ƙarfi da mai narkewa cikin tururi. Ana tattara mai ƙarfi a cikin drum ko cyclone. Ana yayyafa rafin shigar da ruwa ta hanyar bututun ruwa a cikin rafin tururi mai zafi kuma an hura shi. Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi suna samuwa yayin da danshi ke barin ɗigon ruwa da sauri. Ana amfani da bututun ruwa don yin ɗigon ruwa kamar yadda zai yiwu, yana kara girman yankin saboda haka canja wurin zafi da kuma yawan ruwa. Girman droplet na iya kasancewa daga 20 zuwa 180 μm dangane da nozzle. Akwai manyan nau'ikan nozzles guda biyu: babban matsin lamba guda daya na ruwa nozzle (bar 50 zuwa 300) da biyu na ruwa nozzles: daya ruwa shine ruwa don bushewa kuma na biyu shine gas mai matsewa (yawanci iska a 1 zuwa 7 sanduna).

Masu bushewa na iya bushe samfurin da sauri idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin bushewa. Har ila yau, suna juya mafita (ko slurry) zuwa busassun foda a mataki ɗaya, wanda ke sauƙaƙa tsari kuma yana inganta riba.

A cikin masana'antun magunguna, ana amfani da bushewar spray don ƙera Amorphous Solid Dispersions, ta hanyar warwatsa kayan aiki na magunguna a cikin matrix na polymer. Wannan jiha za ta sanya mahaɗan da ke aiki (magunguna) a cikin mafi girman yanayin makamashi wanda hakan zai sauƙaƙa yaduwar nau'ikan magunguna a cikin jikin mai haƙuri.

 Abinci
 madara foda, kofi, shayi, ƙwai, hatsi, kayan yaji, dandano, jini,  starch da starch derivatives, bitamin, enzymes, stevia, nutracetic, launuka, abinci na dabba, da dai sauransu.
 Magunguna
 maganin rigakafi, sinadaran kiwon lafiya,   additives.
 Masana'antu
 fentin launi, kayan yumbu, goyon bayan catalyst, microalgae.

 Manazarta