Fim din bala'i

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Fim din bala'i ko fim din bala'o'i wani nau'Irin fim ne wanda ke da bala'i mai zuwa ko mai gudana a matsayin batun sa da kuma na'urar makirci ta farko. Irin waɗannan bala'o'i na iya haɗawa da bala'o-li'i na halitta, haɗari, hare-haren soja / ta'addanci ko bala'o"in duniya kamar annobar. Wani nau'i na fina-finai na aiki,   waɗannan fina-fukkuna yawanci suna nuna wasu matakan haɓaka, bala'i da kansa, kuma wani lokacin bayan haka, yawanci daga ra'ayi na takamaiman haruffa ko iyalansu ko nuna dabarun tsira na mutane daban-daban.

Wadannan fina-finai galibi suna nuna manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da layin mãkirci da yawa, suna mai da hankali kan yunkurin haruffa don kaucewa, tserewa ko magance bala'in da sakamakonsa. Wannan nau'in ya zama sananne a cikin shekarun 1970s tare da sakin fina-finai masu mahimmanci kamar Filin jirgin sama (1970), wanda ya biyo baya cikin sauri ta hanyar The Poseidon Adventure (1972), Girgizar ƙasa (1974) da The Towering Inferno (1974). 

Yawanci ana yin wasan kwaikwayo ne da sanannun 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo. Da zarar bala'in ya fara a cikin fim ɗin, haruffa yawanci suna fuskantar raunin ɗan adam, watakila suna fada cikin soyayya ko samun mugu don zargi. Fim din yawanci suna nuna jarumi ko jarumi mai tsauri (Charlton Heston, Steve McQueen, da dai sauransu) da aka kira su jagoranci gwagwarmaya da barazanar; a lokuta da yawa, mutane "mugunta" ko "masu son kai" sune na farko da suka fada cikin bala'in. Wannan nau'in ya sami sabuntawa a cikin shekarun 1990s wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar hotunan kwamfuta da kuma manyan kasafin kuɗi na studio wanda ya ba da damar yin wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma, wanda ya ƙare a cikin abin da ya faru na fim wanda shine James Cameron's Titanic a cikin 1997. 

 Asalin 
An yi fina-finai na bala'i kafin a kirkiro wannan magana a farkon shekarun 1970. Irin wannan kusan tsufa ne kamar yadda fim din yake da kansa. Ɗaya daga cikin na farko shi ne Wuta!  (1901) wanda James Williamson na Ingila ya yi. Fim din da ba a yi amfani da shi ba ya nuna gidan da ke cin wuta da masu kashe gobara da suka zo don kashe harshen wuta da kuma ceto mazauna. Hakanan ana iya samun asalin jinsin a cikin In Nacht und Eis (1912), game da nutsewar Titanic; Atlantis (1913), kuma game da Titanic; Danish The End of the World (1916), (game da Comet); Jirgin Nuhu (1928), labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga Farawa game da babban Ambaliyar Ruwan; Rigyawa (1933), game da Raƙuman ruwa da ke lalata Birnin New York; King Kong (1933), tare da babbar gorilla da fashewar Dutsen New York City; da ke fashewar Pompeii (1935 AD).

John Ford's The Hurricane (1937) ya kammala tare da jerin abubuwan da suka faru na Guguwar mai zafi da ke tsagewa ta tsibirin Kudancin Pacific. Wasan kwaikwayo na San Francisco (1936) ya nuna girgizar ƙasa ta San Francisco ta tarihi ta 1906, yayin da A Tsohon Chicago (1937) ya sake haifar da Babban Wutar Chicago wanda ya ƙone cikin birni a cikin shekara ta 1871.  Fim din Carol Reed na 1939, The Stars Look Down, ya bincika wani bala'i a wani ma'adinin kwal a Arewa maso gabashin Ingila.

An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II da farkon Atomic Age, fina-finai na fiction na kimiyya na shekarun 1950, gami da Lokacin da Duniya ta Ramu (1951), Yaƙin Duniya (1953) da Godzilla, Sarkin Monsters!  (1956), ana amfani da bala'o'in duniya akai-akai a matsayin abubuwan da ke tattare da makirci. Wannan yanayin zai ci gaba tare da The Deadly Mantis (1957), The Day the Earth Caught Fire (1961) da Crack in the World (1965). Har ila yau, bala'o'in dutsen wuta za su kasance a cikin fina-finai kamar The Devil at 4 O'Clock (1961) tare da Spencer Tracy da Frank Sinatra, da kuma 1969 epic Krakatoa, Gabashin Java tare da Maximilian Schell . 

Kamar yadda yake a zamanin fim din shiru, nutsewar Titanic zai ci gaba da zama sanannen bala'i tare da masu shirya fina-finai da masu sauraro. Werner Klingler da Herbert Selpin sun fitar da fim din Titanic a shekarar 1943. Ba da daɗewa ba aka dakatar da fim din a Jamus kuma an kashe darektan sa, Selpin. Fim din ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga dukkan fina-finai na Titanic, kuma al'amuran sun zama hotuna na Birtaniya. Clifton Webb da Barbara Stanwyck sun fito ne a cikin fim din Titanic na karni na 20, wanda ya biyo bayan fim din Burtaniya mai suna A Night to Remember a shekarar 1958. Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya The Last Voyage (1960), yayin da ba game da bala'in Titanic ba amma wanda ya riga ya kasance The Poseidon Adventure, ya fito da Robert Stack a matsayin mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin ceton matarsa (Dorothy Malone) da yaron da aka makale a cikin jirgin ruwa mai nutsewa. Fim din, wanda ya kammala tare da nutsewar jirgin, an zabi shi don Oscar don Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani.

Ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru ga shahararrun fina-finai na bala'i na shekarun 1970 sun haɗa da The High and the Mighty (1954), tare da John Wayne da Robert Stack a matsayin matukan jirgin sama da ke fama da nakasa da ke ƙoƙarin haye teku; Zero Hour!  (1957), wanda Arthur Hailey ya rubuta (wanda kuma ya rubuta littafin Filin jirgin sama na 1968) game da ma'aikatan jirgin sama da suka fada cikin guba na abinci; Jet Storm da Jet Over the Atlantic, fina-finai biyu na 1959 dukansu suna nuna yunkurin fashe jirgin sama a tsakiyar jirgin sama; The Crowded Sky (1960) wanda ke nuna haɗari a tsakiyar iska; da The Doomsday Flight (1966), wanda Rod Serling ya rubuta kuma ya fito da Edmond O'Brien a matsayin injiniyan jirgin sama wanda ya sauka a kan jirgin sama wanda ke amfani da shi wanda ya gina barometricer.

 Mafi girma a shekarun 1970 
Shekarar zinariya ta fim din bala'i ta fara ne a shekarar 1970 tare da sakin Filin jirgin sama. Babban nasarar kudi, yana samun sama da dala miliyan 100 ($ 713 a cikin dala da aka gyara a 2022) a ofishin akwatin, George Seaton ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma Burt Lancaster, Dean Martin, George Kennedy, Jacqueline Bisset da Helen Hayes ne suka fito. Duk da yake ba ma bala'i ba - jirgin sama da fashewar bam din ya gurgunta - fim din ya kafa tsarin gargajiya na jinsi: labarin gaggawa da kuma makirci da yawa da aka yi ta hanyar dukkan taurari. An zabi Filin jirgin sama don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin 10, gami da Hoton Mafi Kyawu, wanda ya lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi Kyawu ga Hayes.

Sakamakon 1972 na The Poseidon Adventure wani babban nasarar kudi ne, wanda ya sami dala miliyan 84 a cikin haya na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka / Kanada ($ 592 Miliyan a cikin dala da aka gyara a 2022. Wanda Ronald Neame ya ba da umarni kuma Gene Hackman, Ernest Borgnine, Shelley Winters da Red Buttons ne suka fito, fim din ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yunkurin wadanda suka tsira don tserewa daga jirgin ruwa mai nutsewa wanda babban raƙuman ruwa ya haifar da girgizar ƙasa. An zabi Poseidon Adventure don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin guda takwas, gami da Mafi kyawun Actress don Shelley Winters, da kuma cin nasara don Original Song da karɓar Kyautar Achievement ta Musamman don abubuwan gani. 

Halin ya kai ƙarshensa a shekara ta 1974 tare da sakin The Towering Inferno, Earthquake, da Airport 1975 (na farko Airport sequebly). Fim din da ke fafatawa sun sami nasara sosai a ofishin jakadancin, tare da The Towering Inferno yana samun dala miliyan 116 ($ 697 miliyan a cikin dala da aka gyara a 2022), <i id="mw_Q">Girgizar ƙasa</i>, tana samun dala miliyan 79 ($ 475 miliyan a cikin daloli da aka gyara na 2022), da <i id="mw-w">Filin jirgin sama</i> 1975 yana samun dala dala miliyan 47 ($ 282 miliyan a cikin kudaden da aka gyara ta 2022) a cikin haya na wasan kwaikwayo.

Mai yiwuwa mafi girma daga cikin fina-finai na bala'i na 1970, The Towering Inferno ya kasance haɗin gwiwa na 20th Century Fox da Warner Bros. kuma Irwin Allen ne ya samar da shi (wanda aka fi sani da "The Master of Disaster", kamar yadda ya riga ya jagoranci The Poseidon Adventure kuma daga baya ya samar da The Swarm, Beyond the Poseidon Adventure da When Time Ran Out...). John Guillermin ne ya ba da umarni kuma ya hada da Paul Newman, Steve McQueen, William Holden da Faye Dunaway, fim din ya nuna babbar wuta da ta mamaye ginin da ya fi tsayi a duniya da kuma yunkurin masu kashe gobara na ceto mazauna da aka kama a saman bene. An zabi fim din don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin guda takwas ciki har da Hoton Mafi Kyawu, wanda ya lashe kyautar Cinematography Mafi Kyawu da Mafi Kyawun Original Song.

An kuma girmama Girgizar ƙasa tare da gabatarwa huɗu na Kwalejin Kwalejin don tasirin ta na musamman na girgizar kasa mai girma da ke daidaita birnin Los Angeles, ta lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Sauti kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Musamman don tasirin gani. Mark Robson ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma ya fito da Charlton Heston, Ava Gardner, Geneviève Bujold, George Kennedy da Lorne Greene. An lura da shi a matsayin fim na farko da ya yi amfani da Sensurround, inda aka shigar da manyan masu magana da subwoofer a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo don sake farfado da jin daɗin girgizar ƙasa. Yawancin fina-finai da aka yi don talabijin sun yi amfani da hauka, gami da Heatwave!  (1974), Ranar da Duniya ta motsa (1974), Guguwa (1974), Ambaliyar ruwa!  (1976) da Wuta! (1977).

Halin ya ci gaba a kan sikelin da ya fi girma tare da The Hindenburg (1975), tare da George C. Scott; The Cassandra Crossing (1976), tare da Burt Lancaster; Two-Minute Warning (1976), wanda Charlton Heston ya fito; Black Sunday (1977), wanda Robert Shaw ya fito; Rollercoaster a Sensurround (1977), tare da George Segal; Damnation Alley (1977), mai suna Jan-Michael Vincent; Avalanche (1978), wanda aka fito da Rock Hudson; Grayton ya fito da shi ma ya fito da sunan Charl City (1978), Jerin Filin jirgin sama ya ci gaba da Filin jirgin saman '77 (1977) da The Concorde ... Filin jirgin ruwa '79 (1979), tare da George Kennedy yana nuna halin Joe Patroni a kowane ci gaba, kuma The Poseidon Adventure ya biyo bayan Beyond the Poseidon Adventure a 1979.

Irin ya fara ƙonewa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 lokacin da fina-finai masu yawa The Swarm (1978), Meteor (1979), Hurricane (1979), The Concorde ... Filin jirgin sama '79 (1979), Bayan Poseidon Adventure (1979) da Lokacin da Lokaci ya ƙare...  (1980) ya yi mummunar aiki a ofishin akwatin, yana nuna raguwar sha'awar samfurin fim din bala'i.

Kodayake The Big Bus (1976), wani fim din bala'i na baya, ya kasa zama abin bugawa, ƙarshen yanayin ya kasance alama ce ta wasan kwaikwayo na 1980 Airplane! , wanda ya yi farin ciki da al'amuran nau'ikan zuwa nasarar da aka samu a ofishin akwatin, wanda ya samar da nasa, Airplane II: The Sequel, a cikin 1982. 

 Farfadowa a shekarun 1990 
Fitowar manyan shirye-shiryen kasafin kuɗi na jinsi - wanda aka taimaka ta hanyar ci gaba a cikin fasahar CGI a cikin shekarun 1990 - sun haɗa da fina-finai kamar Twister, Independence Day, Daylight, Dante's Peak, Volcano, Hard Rain, Deep Impact da Armageddon. A shekara ta 1997, James Cameron ya hada kai, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin wani labari mai ban mamaki na Titanic. Fim din ya haɗu da soyayya tare da sakamako na musamman kuma ya kasance babban nasara, ya zama Fim mafi girma a kowane lokaci na shekaru goma sha biyu tare da sama da dala biliyan 2.2 a duk duniya,  kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin 11 ciki har da Hoton Mafi Kyawu da Darakta Mafi Kyawu. 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Ƙarin karantawa 


Tarihin fim na bala'i (ta hanyar UC Berkeley) 
 Fim din bala'i
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