Ofishin Jakadancin Hasken rana na Kasa

Ofishin Jakadancin Ƙasa na Solar yunƙuri ne na Gwamnatin Indiya da gwamnatocin Jihohi don haɓaka hasken rana. Manufar ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manufofi da yawa na Tsarin Ayyuka na Ƙasa akan Sauyin Yanayi .  An kaddamar da shirin a matsayin Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission  wanda tsohon Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh ya yi a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2010  tare da manufar 20 GW nan da 2022. Firayim Minista Narendra Modi ya haɓaka wannan zuwa 100 GW daga baya a cikin kasafin kuɗin Tarayyar Indiya na 2015 .  Indiya ta ƙara yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana da kusan sau 5 daga 2,650 MW akan 26 Mayu 2014  zuwa 12,288.83 MW akan 31 Maris 2017. Ƙasar ta ƙara 9,362.65 MW a cikin 2017-18, mafi girma na kowace shekara.  Maƙasudin asali na 20 GW ya wuce a cikin 2018 (ƙidaya kawai ikon shigar da kayan aiki), shekaru hudu kafin ranar ƙarshe na 2022.

Indiya tana da jimillar jimillar rufin rufin da aka girka ƙarfin 6.1 GW kamar na 30 Yuni 2021. 

 Manufar 
alt=|thumb|315x315px|Irradiance Horizontal Duniya a Indiya. 
Makasudin Ofishin Jakadancin Solar na Kasa shine tabbatar da Indiya a matsayin jagorar duniya a makamashin hasken rana, ta hanyar samar da yanayin siyasa don yaduwa a cikin kasar cikin sauri. A karkashin shirin na farko, Gwamnati ta yi niyyar cimma jimillar karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin 20 GW nan da shekarar 2022. An yi niyyar cimma hakan a mataki uku. Kashi na farko ya ƙunshi lokacin daga 2010 zuwa 2013, shekarar farko ta shirin shekaru biyar na 12 na 12. Mataki na biyu ya tsawaita har zuwa 2017, yayin da kashi na uku zai kasance shirin shekaru biyar na 13th (2017-22). An saita maƙasudi a matsayin 1.4 GW a farkon lokaci, 11-15 GW ta ƙarshen kashi na biyu da 22 GW a ƙarshen kashi na uku a cikin 2022. 

Gwamnati ta sake duba shirin daga 20 GW zuwa GW 100 a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2015. Don kaiwa 100 GW nan da shekarar 2022, an kuma sake duba abubuwan da aka yi niyya a shekara daga 2015 zuwa 2016 zuwa sama.  Indiya tana da ƙarfin hasken rana na 161 MW akan 31 Maris 2010, kimanin watanni 2 da rabi bayan ƙaddamar da manufa a ranar 11 ga Janairu. Ya zuwa ranar 31 ga Maris, 2015, watanni uku kafin a sake fasalin manufofin, Indiya ta samu karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 3,744. 

 Makasudin hikimar shekara 
Don cimma burin da aka yi na megawatt 100,000, MNRE ta ba da shawarar cimma ta ta hanyar 60 GW na manyan ayyuka na hasken rana, da 40 GW ta hanyar ayyukan hasken rana.
+Makasudin hikimar shekara (a cikin MW)  Kashi 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Jimlar Rufin Solar 200 4,800 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 40,000 Ayyukan Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa 1,800 7,200 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,500 8,500 57,000 Jimlar 2,000 12,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 17,500 17,500 97,000

 Girman kayan aiki shigar ƙarfin hasken rana 
Tebu mai zuwa yana yin rikodin haɓakar abubuwan amfani da aka girka ƙarfin hasken rana a Indiya na kowace shekara ta Ofishin Jakadancin Solar Ƙasa. Duk iya aiki kamar ranar 31 ga Maris na shekarar da aka lissafa.

Shekara Ƙarfin da aka shigar Girman shekara-shekara (MW) Girman shekara (%) 2010| 2011 461MW 300MW 186.34% 2012 1,205 MW 744MW 161.39% 2013 2,319 MW 1,114 MW 92.45% 2014 2,632 MW  313 MW 13.50% 2015 3,744 MW  1,112 MW 42.25% 2016 6,762.85 MW  3,018.85 MW 80.63% 2017 12,288.83 MW  5,525.98 MW 81.71% 2018 21,651.48 MW  9,362.65 MW 76.19% 2019 28,180.71 MW  6,529.23 MW 30.16% 2020 34,627.82 MW  6,224.96 MW 22.09% 2021 46,265.14 MW  11,637.32 MW 33.61% 2022

 Ƙarfin hasken rana 
Indiya tana da jimillar jimillar hasken rana da aka shigar da ita na 6.1 GW kamar na 30 ga Yuni 2021. Kasar ta kara 862 MW na karfin hasken rana a farkon rabin na 2021, yana yin rikodin karuwar 210% akan lokaci guda a cikin 2020. 

 Mataki na 1 (2010-13) 
Kashi na farko na wannan manufa yana nufin ƙaddamar da 1000 MW na ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid nan da shekarar 2013. Aiwatar da wannan lokaci yana hannun wani reshe na National Thermal Power Corporation, mafi girma da ke samar da wutar lantarki a Indiya. Reshen, NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd (NVVN),  ya fitar da jagororin zaɓi na masu haɓakawa don ƙaddamar da ayyukan grid mai haɗa hasken rana a Indiya. Duba Jagoran Mataki na 1 na JNNSM . Yayin da NVVN ita ce fuskar jama'a na wannan lokaci, wasu sassa da ma'aikatu da yawa za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara ka'idoji. NVVN za ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar siyan wutar lantarki tare da masu haɓakawa. Tun da NVVN ba mai amfani ba ne, zai sayar da wutar da aka siya zuwa ga abubuwan amfani na jihohi daban-daban ta hanyar yarjejeniya daban-daban.

 Fasaha 
Don ayyukan Phase 1, NVVN ya fara da tsari don 50:50 kasafi zuwa hasken rana PV da zafin rana . Wannan na ƙarshe yana da kishi sosai ganin Indiya ba ta da ayyukan zafin rana da ƙasa da 10MW na ayyukan PV na hasken rana. Yayin da ake haɓaka cikin sauri a kwanan nan, fasahar zafin rana na ci gaba da haɓakawa a duniya. Kashi na farko na ayyukan da aka ware don Mataki na 1 sun haɗa da 150MW na Solar PV da 500MW na Solar Thermal. NVVN ta ba da Buƙatar Takardun Zaɓar da ke bayyana ma'auni don zaɓin ayyuka a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 1. Duba Rana Thermal RFS , Solar PV RfS 

Wani masana'antar PV mai haɓaka hasken rana a Indiya yana fatan tashi ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki ga masu haɓaka ayyukan wutar lantarki. Shahararrun masana'antun kayan aiki sun fara haɓaka kasancewarsu a Indiya kuma suna iya ba da gasa ga masana'antun Indiya na gida. Saboda yanayin zafi gabaɗaya a Indiya, samfuran siliki na crystalline ba su fi dacewa ba. Fasahar fina-finai na bakin ciki kamar silicon amorphous, CIGS da CdTe na iya zama mafi dacewa da yanayin zafi mafi girma.

Masu samar da fasahar zafin rana da kyar suke da kafa a Indiya. Wasu ƴan masu samar da fasaha kamar Abengoa  suna da wasu kasancewar Indiyawa cikin tsammanin buƙata daga wannan manufa.

 Tsarin rabon NVVN Solar PV don Mataki na 1 
NVVN ta ba da Buƙatar Zaɓin sanarwar don rabon iya aiki ga Masu Samar da Wutar Lantarki (IPPs). Dubi NVVN Solar PV RfS . 150MWs na Solar PV da 470MW na Solar Thermal sun kasance don rabon a ƙarƙashin rukunin farko na ayyukan Phase 1. Girman aikin kowane IPP an daidaita shi a 5MW don Solar PV da 100MW don ayyukan thermal Solar. Don guje wa ware gaba ɗaya iyawa ga wasu zaɓaɓɓun kamfanoni, jagororin ba su buƙatar ayyuka biyu don samun kamfani iyaye ɗaya ko masu hannun jari na gama gari. Idan akwai fiye da biyan kuɗi, za a yi amfani da tsarin sake siyarwa don zaɓar IPPs na ƙarshe bisa mafi ƙarancin kuɗin fito da suke bayarwa. IPPs dari da yawa sun amsa wannan RfS.

Shri Shakti Alternative Energy Ltd ne ya gabatar da hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita don sake siyarwa da kuma hanyar da za su bayar ta hanyar yanar gizo a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2010 a ranar da NVVN ta sake siyar da shi a kan sake siyarwar NVVN - Abin da za a Yi tsammani. Adadin rangwamen zai dogara da wurin aikin (watau radiation na hasken rana), fasahar da aka yi amfani da ita, samar da makamashi, farashin babban birnin da farashin riba. An gudanar da bincike mai yawa ta amfani da mahimman masu canji kamar farashin babban birnin, sha'awa da kuma amfani da damar (watau CUF wanda shine ainihin ƙarni na shuka kuma ya dogara da wurin (radiation) da fasahar da aka yi amfani da ita) don lissafin farashi mai sauƙi don daidaitaccen IRR bisa ga abin da za a iya ƙayyade rangwamen da za a bayar.

Ayyukan 30 na PV na hasken rana na ƙarshe  da aka zaɓa suna da tayi tsakanin INR 10.95 zuwa INR 12.75. Ayyukan thermal na Solar da aka zaɓa suna da tayi tsakanin INR 10.24 zuwa INR 12.24. An sanya hannu kan PPAs tare da IPPs a farkon Janairu.

 2014 - yanzu 
A cikin Disamba 2014, Gwamnatin Indiya ta gabatar da wani tsari don kafa aƙalla wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana 25 da Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects don ƙara sama da 20 GW na shigar da ƙarfin hasken rana. Gwamnatin tsakiya ta ba da tallafin kudi don gina wadannan ayyukan hasken rana.  Tun daga watan Disamba na 2016, Gwamnatin Tsakiya ta ba da izini a cikin ka'ida don kafa wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana 34 a cikin jihohi 21.  Kowane aikin wuta yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin 500 MW. 

 korafin abun ciki na cikin gida 
Sharuɗɗa don aikin aikin hasken rana da aka wajabta sel da kayayyaki don ayyukan PV na hasken rana dangane da silicon crystalline da za a kera a Indiya. Wannan lissafin zuwa sama da 60% na jimlar farashin tsarin. Don zafin rana, jagororin sun wajabta aikin 30% don samun abun cikin gida. Rigima mai ƙarfi ta kunno kai tsakanin masu haɓaka aikin wutar lantarki da masu kera kayan aikin PV na hasken rana. Tsohon sansanin ya fi son samar da kayayyaki ta hanyar samun kasuwa mai gasa ta duniya don samun sassauƙan farashi, ingantacciyar inganci, isar da tsinkaya da amfani da sabbin fasahohi.  Ƙarshen sansanin ya fi son yanayin sarrafawa / tsarawa don tilasta masu haɓakawa don siyan kayayyaki daga ƙaramin ƙarami, ko da yake girma, ƙungiyar masana'anta a Indiya.  Masana'antun suna son guje wa gasa tare da 'yan wasan duniya kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga gwamnati don haɓaka haɓakar masana'antar gida.  .

Kasuwa ta amsa buƙatun abun ciki na cikin gida ta zaɓin siyan samfuran fina-finai na bakin ciki daga ingantattun ƴan wasan duniya. Mahimman adadin da aka sanar da kammala aikin suna amfani da kayayyaki daga wajen Indiya.  

Wakilin Kasuwancin Amurka ya shigar da kara a Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya yana kalubalantar bukatun cikin gida na Indiya a Mataki na II na wannan Ofishin Jakadancin, yana mai nuni da nuna wariya ga kayayyakin da Amurka ke fitarwa da kuma masana'antar a Amurka wacce ta saka hannun jari sosai za ta yi asara. Amurka ta dage cewa WTO ta haramta irin wannan takunkumi. Indiya duk da haka tana iƙirarin cewa ƙoƙari ne kawai don haɓaka haɓakar gida da tabbatar da wadatar kai da rage dogaro 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba