Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Philippines

">Philippines tana cikin yankin rikitarwa tsakanin faranti masu yawa, wanda ya haɗa da yankuna masu yawa da kuma babban yanki ɗaya na raguwa, dukansu suna da alaƙa da manyan girgizar ƙasa. Yawancin girgizar ƙasa na intraplate na ƙarami suna faruwa akai-akai saboda hulɗar tsakanin manyan faranti na tectonic a yankin. Girgizar kasa mafi girma a tarihi a Philippines ita ce girgizar kasa ta Celebes Sea ta 1918 tare da girman Mw 8.3.
Yawancin Filipinas suna kwance a cikin yanki na shingen shinge mai ƙarfi na asalin tsibiri, wanda aka sani da Philippine Mobile Belt.  A gabas, farantin Tekun Philippine yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin bel ɗin hannu tare da layin madaidaicin Philippine da mahara na Gabas Luzon a ƙarshen ƙarshen bel.  Haɗin kai a wannan kan iyaka yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi kuma ɓangaren yajin aiki yana ɗaukar motsi akan tsarin kuskuren Philippine na gefen hagu.  A kudancin Philippines akwai Yankin Molucca Sea Collision Zone, wanda ya shafi gaba da gaba da yankunan da ake karkatar da su zuwa kowane gefen Tekun Molucca.  A yammacin bel ɗin wayar hannu farantin Sunda yana karkata zuwa gabas ƙarƙashin bel ɗin tare da layin Manila, Negros da Cotabato.  A cikin farantin Sunda, ɓacin teku na Tekun Sulu yana raguwa ƙarƙashin Sulu Ridge tare da Sulu Trench.   Farantin Sunda yana ɗauke da sassan Palawan Microcontinental Block, wanda ya yi karo da bel ɗin wayar hannu a ramukan Negros da Cotabato.

Ci gaba da motsi na faranti na tectonic yana haifar da lalacewa mai aiki a cikin belin hannu, kamar a gefen hagu na Cotabato Fault System wanda ke yankewa a fadin Mindanao da kuma gefen dama na Marikina Valley a Luzon.
Yankunan da ke ke da  yawan tsibirin sune tushen yawancin girgizar ƙasa da ta mamaye Philippines. Wannan ya haɗa da ɓarna tare da fasalin farantin da kuma cikin slabs masu raguwa. Ga Trench na Philippines, misalai na waɗanda ke kan fasalin farantin sune abubuwan da suka faru na 1988 Mw 7.3 da M7.6. Girgizar kasa ta 1975 Mw 7.6 ta haifar da lalacewar al'ada ta intra-slab, yayin da 2012 M7.6 ya kasance sakamakon lalacewar turawa a cikin slab mai saukowa.

Yankin Cotabato Trench mai ƙanƙanta ya haɗa da manyan girgizar ƙasa da yawa, gami da girgizar ƙasar Celebes Sea ta 1918 (M8.3), girgizar kasa ta 1976 ta Moro Gulf (M8.0) da girgijin ƙasar Mindanao ta 2002 (M7.5).

< about="#mwt35" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"M","href":"./Template:M"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"s"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwZQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion">M tsawo kuma mafi yawan girgizar ƙasa daga cikin tsarin fashewar fashewa shine yankin fashewar Philippines mai tsawon kilomita 1200. Yana ɗauke da ɓangaren gefen hagu na haɗuwa mai laushi a cikin Philippine Trench, tare da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat na yanzu na 35 ± 4 mm a kowace shekara a kan Leyte, ragewa zuwa arewa zuwa kusan 20 mm a kowace ƙasa a kan Luzon. A Luzon, yankin kuskure ya bazu cikin kurakurai daban-daban, gami da Digdig Fault . Ɗaya daga cikin girgizar ƙasa mafi girma a tarihi a yankin kuskure shine taron Luzon Ms 7.8 na 1990 wanda ya bar kusan mutane 2,000 da suka mutu ko suka bace. Wannan bangare na yankin kuskure ana zaton ya fashe a girgizar kasa ta Luzon ta 1645.  Daga kudu kuskuren ya fashe a lokacin girgizar kasa ta Ragay Gulf ta 1973.   

A tsakiyar Mindanao, tsarin kuskuren Cotabato ya ƙunshi cakuda NW-SE da ke faruwa a gefen hagu da SW-NE da ke faruwa na gefen dama. Hudu daga cikin wadannan sun fashe a cikin girgizar kasa ta Cotabato da Davao del Sur ta 2019, kowannensu yana haifar da abubuwan da suka faru tare da girman 6.4 ko mafi girma.

 Hadarin girgizar ƙasa 
Idan aka ba da kasancewar manyan wuraren lalacewa a duk faɗin tsibirin, duk wani ɓang na Philippines na iya shafar girgizar ƙasa, ban da wasu sassa na Palawan, inda haɗarin haɗarin girgizar kasa yake da ƙarancin gaske. Babban haɗarin girgizar ƙasa ya fito ne daga raguwar ɓarkewar ɓargo kusa da Manila, Davao da yankunan Cebu. Kuskuren juyawa mai aiki yana da >20 km fadi yankuna na mafi girman saurin ƙasa (PGA) >0.6g (saurin saboda nauyi) don yiwuwar 10% na wucewa (PoE) a cikin shekaru 50, yayin da kuskuren saurin aiki yana da ƙananan yankuna da ke ke kewaye da alamun kuskure a irin wannan matakin. Dukkanin yankunan da ke kusa da yankunan subduction masu aiki suna nuna karuwar haɗari. 

A cikin Metro Manila ƙididdig haɗari tana da matsakaicin Pg na 0.32 g don PoE na 10% a cikin shekaru 50. Babban haɗarin ya fito ne daga tushen lalacewa mai zurfi, kamar Marikina Valley Fault System, amma akwai muhimmiyar gudummawa ga haɗarin gaba ɗaya daga yankin Manila zuwa yamma da kuma yiwuwar girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi daga girgizar ƙasar da ta samo asali daga Trench na Philippines zuwa gabas. A cikin Metro Cebu, matsakaicin PGA shine 0.32 g don wannan PoE da lokacin. Hadarin ya mamaye yankunan da ba su da zurfi daga wannan yanki na ci gaba da matsawa. Yin amfani da sigogi iri ɗaya Metro Davao yana da darajar mafi girma na 0.45 g. Yankin birni yana zaune kusa da ƙananan kuskuren hagu na hagu na hagu da nau'in baya, kuma waɗannan suna haifar da haɗari mafi girma, kodayake babban gudummawa ya fito ne daga tushe a cikin yankunan Halmahera da Philippine. 

 Lokacin Mutanen Espanya (kafin 1900) 
RanarLokaci‡WuriGirmaƘarfinWadanda suka mutuBayaniTushen1601 Janairu 1616:00ManilaDa yawaGirgizar kasa ta dauki kimanin minti 7. An samu bayan girgizar kasa a duk shekara.1645 Nuwamba 3020:00Luzon7.5X600 sun mutu, 3,000 sun ji rauniAn kira shi "mafi munin girgizar ƙasa" a cikin tarihin Philippines. Ya lalace sosai ga sababbin majami'u goma da aka gina a Manila, gidaje masu zaman kansu da gine-gine a cikin birni da larduna da ke kusa. Gundumomi a arewa sun ba da rahoton sauye-sauye da yawa na ƙasa, ɓacewar ƙananan ƙauyuka, canje-canje a cikin kogi, fashewar yashi, da dai sauransu. An ba da rahoton ƙananan tsunami a kudancin Luzon.1645 Disamba 523:00LuzonNa takwasBabban girgizar kasa na ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1645 Luzon wanda ya kara lalata sauran gine-gine a Manila da garuruwan da ke kusa. An daina girgizar ƙasa a kusa da Maris 1646.1665 Yuni 19ManilaNa takwas19Cocin Jesuit ne kawai ya sami mummunar lalacewa.1743 Janairu 1208:00Luzon: Tayabas, LagunaXMutuwa 51787 Yuli 1307:00Panay: Iloilo, Tsohon, BuenavistaXMutane da yawaMutuwa 15 a cikin gini ɗaya1840 Maris 22Sorsogon, tsibirin Masbate, Casiguran, Albay6.5IX17200 da suka ji rauni1852 Satumba 1618:45Luzon: Batnam, Rizal, Pampangan, ManilaIX31863 Yuni 319:20Manila, Balangan, RizalX4001863 Girgizar kasa ta Manila1879 Yuli 100:50NW Mindanao, SurigaoX1879 Girgizar ƙasa ta Surigao1880 Yuli 14-2404:40LuzonXYa haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga waɗannan manyan biranen a Luzon: Manila (Ginin ya rushe) 1892 Maris 1620:58Luzon: Abra, Pangasinan, La UnionX21897 Satumba 2113:15NW Mindanao, Dapitan8.7IX13-100+ (aukuwa ta biyu) 1897 Girgizar ƙasa ta Mindanao Babban girgizar ƙasa biyu daga Mindanao

 Karni na 20 
DateTime‡PlaceMagnitudeIntensityCasualtiesNotesSources1907 April 1805:00SE Luzon, Camarines7.6IX2 dead1911 July 12Mindanao: Talacogon, Davao, Butuan7.8XCaused seiches in lakes and the Agusan River. Many homes damaged in Talacogon and Butuan1918 August 1520:18Cotabato8.3X46 dead1918 Celebes Sea earthquake1924 April 1500:20E. Mindanao8.3IX1925 May 518:07W. Luzon6.8IX17 dead1928 December 1919:37Cotabato7.3VII93 dead1937 August 20Luzon7.5VIII1 dead, 200 injured1948 January 2501:46Panay, Iloilo City, Antique7.8X72 dead1948 Lady Caycay earthquake1954 July 210:45Sorsogon, Bacon, Legaspi6.8IX13 dead, 101 injured1955 April 102:17Lanao, Ozamiz, Cotabato7.6VIII400 dead1955 Lanao earthquake1968 August 204:19Luzon, Manila7.3IX270 dead, 261 injured1968 Casiguran earthquake1970 April 713:34Luzon7.3VI15 dead, 200 injured1973 March 1716:30Ragay Gulf7.5IX15 dead, ~100 injured1973 Ragay Gulf earthquake1976 August 1700:11Moro Gulf8.0VIII8,000 dead, 10,000 injured1976 Moro Gulf earthquake1983 August 1720:17Luzon6.5VIII16 dead, 47 injured1983 Luzon earthquake1985 April 24Luzon: Benguet, Baguio6.1VII6 dead, 11 injured1988 June 1904:19Mindoro: San Jose, Calapan6.2VII2 dead, 2 injured1988 Mindoro earthquake1990 February 815:15Bohol6.8VII6 dead, >200 injured1990 Bohol Sea earthquake1990 June 1415:41Panay7.1VIII8 dead, 41 injured1990 Panay earthquake1990 July 1616:26Luzon7.8IX1,621 dead, 3,000 injured1990 Luzon earthquake1994 November 1403:15Mindoro7.1VII81 dead, 225 injured1994 Mindoro earthquake1999 December 1202:03Zambales7.3VIII6 dead, 40 injured1999 Luzon earthquake

 Karni na 21 
+RanarLokaci‡WuriGirmaƘarfinWadanda suka mutuBayaniTushen2001 Janairu 114:57Mindanao7.5VII2002 Maris 605:16Mindanao7.5IX15 sun mutu, 100+ sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta 2002 a Mindanao2003 Nuwamba 1901:14Samar6.5VII1 ya mutu, 21 ya ji rauni2010 Yuli 24Mindanao7.3, 7.6, 7.5Na UkuGirgizar ƙasa ta 2010 Mindanao girgizar ƙasa uku, abubuwan da suka faru2012 Fabrairu 611:49Baƙi6.7VII113 sun mutu, 112 sun ji rauniGirgizar kasa ta Negros ta 20122012 Agusta 3120:47Samar7.6VII1 ya mutu, 1 ya ji rauniGirgizar kasa ta 2012 a Samar2013 Oktoba 1508:12Bohol7.2IX222 sun mutu, 976 sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta 2013 a Bohol2017 Fabrairu 1022:03Surigao6.5Na takwas8 sun mutu, 200 sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta Surigao ta 20172017 Yuli 616:03Leyte6.5Na takwas4 sun mutu, 100+ sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta Leyte ta 20172019 Afrilu 2217:11Luzon6.1VII18 sun mutu, 256 sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta Luzon ta 20192019 Afrilu 2313:37Samar ta Gabas6.5Na shida48 da suka ji rauniGirgizar kasa ta Gabashin Samar ta 20192019 Yuli 920:36Cotabato5.6Na shida1 ya mutu, 73 sun ji rauniYulin 2019 Girgizar kasa ta Cotabato2019 Yuli 2707:37Batanes6.0Na shida9 sun mutu, 60 sun ji rauniGirgizar kasa ta Batanes ta 20192019 Oktoba 1619:37Cotabato6.4Na takwas7 sun mutu, 215 sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta Cotabato ta 20192019 29 ga Oktoba09:04Cotabato6.6Na takwas24 sun mutu, 563 sun ji rauni2019 Oktoba 3109:11Cotabato6.5Na takwas2019 Disamba 1514:11Davao na Kudu6.8VII13 sun mutu, 210 sun ji rauni2019 Girgizar kasa ta Davao del Sur2020 Agusta 1808:03Masbate6.6Na takwas2 sun mutu, 170 sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta Masbate ta 20202021 Agusta 1201:46Davao ta Gabas7.1VII1 ya mutuGirgizar kasa ta Gabas ta Davao ta 20212022 27 ga Yuli08:43Luzon7.0Na takwas11 sun mutu, 615 sun ji rauniGirgizar ƙasa ta Luzon ta 20222023 Nuwamba 1716:14Mindanao6.7Na takwas11 sun mutu, 730 sun ji rauniNuwamba 2023 Girgizar ƙasa ta Mindanao2023 2 ga Disamba22:37Mindanao7.6VII3 sun mutu, 79 sun ji rauniDisamba 2023 Girgizar ƙasa ta Mindanao

 Girgizar ƙasa mafi muni 
Girgizar ƙasa goma da aka fi sani da su a Philippines tun daga shekarun 1600MagnitudeWurin da yakeRanarMutuwaYa ɓaceWadanda suka ji rauniLalacewarTushen18.0Tekun MoroAgusta 16, 19764,7912,2889,92827.8Tsibirin LuzonYuli 16, 19901,6211,000>3,000Biliyan 10 36.4ManilaYuni 3, 18631,00047.5Tsibirin LuzonNuwamba 30, 1645>600>3,000Ba a sani ba58.1Mati, Davao ta GabasAfrilu 14, 1924~50067.4Lanao del SurAfrilu 1, 1955>400Ba a sani badala miliyan 5 77.6Kashi da AuroraAgusta 2, 196827126187.2Bohol da CebuOktoba 15, 20132228796Biliyan 4 (gabas)  96.7Baƙi na GabasFabrairu 6, 2012113112Miliyan 383107.1MindoroNuwamba 15, 199478430Wannan miliyan 5.15 ne 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba