Tsarin tafiye-tafiye na ci gaba

Ci gaba da ka'idojin tafiya wani ƙuntatawa ne da gwamnatin Kanada ta sanya wanda (a zahiri) ya hana waɗanda, "a ra'ayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida", ba "sun zo daga ƙasar haihuwarsu ko 'yan ƙasa ta hanyar ci gaba da tafiya ba ko kuma ta hanyar tikitin da aka saya kafin su bar ƙasar haihuwarsu ko ƙasarsu" daga karbar su a matsayin baƙi zuwa Kanada. Koyaya, a zahiri, ƙa'idar ta shafi ƙaura daga Indiya kawai.

An ba da shi ta hanyar oda-in-majalisa a kan 8 Janairu 1908,  ƙa'idar ita ce ƙoƙari na farko da Gwamnatin Kanada ta yi don ƙuntata ƙaura. A aikace, tsarin ya shafi jiragen ruwa da suka fara tafiya a Indiya kawai, kamar yadda nisa mai girma yakan buƙaci tsayawa a Japan ko Hawaii . Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun zo ne a lokacin da Kanada ke karɓar ɗimbin baƙi (fiye da 400,000 a cikin 1913 kaɗai), kusan dukansu sun fito daga Turai . 

 Tarihi 

 Fage 
A cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na karni na 20, wasu larduna a Kanada sun kafa dokoki da ke iyakance 'yancin ɗan adam na Indiyawa, ciki har da 'yancin yin zabe,  riƙe ofishin jama'a,  yi aiki a kan juri,  samun lasisin giya,  ko yin aiki a matsayin masu harhada magunguna, lauyoyi, da masu lissafi.   Duk da haka, saboda Indiya, kamar Kanada, ta kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Biritaniya, hukumomin Kanada ba su zartar da dokokin keɓancewa ba a fili wanda ke nufin waɗanda asalin Indiyawa ne. Hukumomin daular Landan sun lura da fushin Indiyawa lokacin da Ostiraliya ta kafa dokar hana shige da fice da aka ƙera a fakaice don taƙaita ƙaura da ba na Turai ba a 1901, dangane da irin wannan doka a Afirka ta Kudu .  New Zealand ta zartar da irin wannan dokar takurawa a cikin 1899.

Lokacin da Kanada ta fara yin tanadi don toshe ƙaura daga Indiya, London ta gargaɗe ta da ta yi taka tsantsan game da tsarinta da kuma sanin cewa ayyukanta na iya haifar da zazzafar kishin ƙasa a Indiya. Da wannan a zuciyarsa, hukumomin shige da fice na Kanada sun yanke shawarar dakatar da shige da ficen Indiya zuwa ƙasar a kaikaice .

 Tsarin tafiya mai ci gaba 
Yunkurin farko da gwamnati ta yi na hana shige da fice daga Indiya shi ne bayar da oda a majalisar wakilai a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1908 wanda ya haramta shige da fice na mutanen da "a ra'ayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida" ba "sun fito daga kasar haihuwarsu ko 'yan kasa ba ta hanyar ci gaba da tafiya ko kuma ta tikitin da aka saya kafin su bar ƙasar haihuwarsu ko ƙasarsu." Canada, Library Archives (8 January 1908). "Immigrants debarred from landing in Canada who do not come from country of citizenship in through tickets by continuous journey - Min. Int. [Minister of the Interior], 1908/01/03". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 17 March 2022. A aikace, wannan ya shafi kawai jiragen ruwa da suka fara tafiya a Indiya, kamar yadda babban nisa yakan buƙaci tsayawa a Japan ko Hawaii. Wannan wariya ce ga Indiyawan da ba za su iya tafiya kai tsaye zuwa Kanada ba.

Ba da daɗewa ba aka ƙalubalanci sabon tsarin tare da zuwan SS Monteagle a British Columbia a ƙarshen Fabrairu 1908.  Jirgin ya ɗauki fasinjoji fiye da 200, 105 daga cikinsu sun shiga Calcutta. An ba da umarnin a kori da dama daga cikin fasinjojin jirgin saboda ba su bi sabuwar dokar ba. An kalubalanci umarnin a kotu. Mai shari'a Clement na Kotun Koli na BC ya soke umarnin korar da aka yi a ranar 24 ga Maris 1908, bayan da ya gano cewa dokar ba ta da inganci, kamar yadda Dokar Shige da Fice ba ta ba da izinin yanke shawara ga Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida ba, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tsarin.  

 Hukuncin kotu ci gaba da ƙa'idar tafiya kamar mara inganci 
Ci gaba da ka'idar tafiya ta zo ƙarƙashin bitar shari'a a cikin 1911, a cikin ƙarar da ke gaban Kotun Koli ta BC da ta shafi Hussain Rahim, sanannen ɗan juyin juya hali daga Bengal, Indiya. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1911, Mai shari'a Morrison ya ba da takardar habeas corpus don soke umarnin korar da aka yi wa Rahim. A cikin bayar da odar, alkali ya yi sharhi cewa 1910 ci gaba da ka'idojin tafiya ba daidai ba ne, saboda kalmominsa (wanda aka kwafi daga tsarin 1908) bai dace da tanadin sakin layi na 38 (a) na Dokar Shige da Fice ta 1910 ba.  

 Ma'auni na doka 
Kamar yadda shari'a ta iyakance ga hukuncin da Justice Hunter ya yanke, gwamnati ta amsa da sauri, ta hanyar ba da sabuwar tafiya mai ci gaba da kuma ka'idojin buƙatun tsabar kuɗi $ 200 a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1914, ta hanyar umarni-in-majalisa PC 23 da PC 24.   Sabbin ƙa'idodin sun dace da tanadin izini a cikin dokar Hunter ta 1910, daidai da hukuncin shari'a.  Sabbin ƙa'idodin sun bayyana ba su da kariya daga kowane ƙalubale na doka. An soke PC 24 akan 25 Yuli 1921, tare da amincewar oda-in-majalisar PC 2668, yayin da aka soke PC 23 da yawa daga baya akan 26 Nuwamba 1947. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba