Ma'adinai na zinariya a Ghana

Aikin hakar gwal a Ghana yana da dogon tarihi, tun daga karni na 10 lokacin da yankin ya kasance wani bangare na tsohuwar daular Ghana. An fara hakar zinare na kasuwanci a farkon karni na 19, inda Turawa suka kafa ma'adinai da yawa a lokacin mulkin mallaka.] Babban aikin hakar ma'adinai na farko a Ghana ya kasance a Obuasi, inda aka gano zinari a cikin 1897. A shekara ta 1900, Ghana, wacce aka fi sani da Gold Coast, ta zama babbar mai samar da zinari a cikin Daular Burtaniya

Ghana sananne ne ga albarkatun zinariya kuma ita ce mafi girma mai samar da zinariya a Afirka tun daga shekarar 2019. Manyan binciken zinariya da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai sun kasance a kusa da Yankin Ashanti da sauran yankuna kamar Tarkwa, Akyem, da Prestea, suna zama wani ɓangare na manyan belin zinariya na Birimian da Tarkwaian.

 Farkon hakar zinariya 
Yankin Ashanti ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a hakar zinariya a Ghana, tun daga karni na 19. Ma'adinai na gida, wanda aka sani da galamsey, ya riga ya wuce kokarin masana'antu. An kafa Kamfanin Ashanti Goldfields Corporation a shekara ta 1897, wanda ke nuna farkon hakar zinare a Ghana.

 Samar da zinariya ta zamani 
Babban hakar zinariya a Ghana ya tashi a tsakiyar karni na 20, tare da ayyukan fadada a cikin shekarun 1980 saboda hauhawar farashin zinariya. Kamfanoni irin su AngloGold Ashanti da Newmont sun yi aiki da ma'adanai masu yawa, suna ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Ghana.

A cikin 2019, Ghana ta mamaye Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin babbar mai samar da zinariya a Afirka, tana samar da tan 142.4 na zinariya, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 4.1% na samar da duniya. Sashin yana da asusun sama da kashi 90% na fitar da ma'adanai na kasar kuma ya kasance muhimmin bangare na tattalin arzikin Ghana.

 Ma'adinan zinariya ta yankin Ghana 
Yankin Ashanti a tarihi ne kuma a halin yanzu yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren samar da zinariya a Ghana. Yankin yana da wasu manyan kamfanonin hakar zinariya a kasar, gami da AngloGold Ashanti a Obuasi. Obuasi ta samar da fiye da miliyan 35 na zinariya tun lokacin da aka gano ta a ƙarshen karni na 19  Bugu da ƙari, Ahafo ta Kudu da Ahafo ta Arewa a yankin Ashanti, gida ga ma'adinin Ahafo na Newmont Ghana, shima mai ba da gudummawa ga fitar da zinariya na Ghana. 

 Yankin Yamma 
Yankin Yamma, musamman gundumomin Tarkwa da Prestea, wani yanki ne mai samar da zinariya. Tarkwa, wanda aka sani da babban ma'adinai mai budewa, yana aiki na shekaru da yawa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da zinare na Ghana. Gold Fields Ghana ce ke sarrafa shi kuma ya samar da zinariya 504,000 a cikin 2019.  Prestea, wanda Golden Star Resources ke sarrafawa, wani gari ne na hakar ma'adinai wanda ya samar da zinariya mai yawa a tsawon shekaru.

 Yankin Gabas 
A Yankin Gabas, ayyukan hakar zinariya suna kewaye da ma'adinin Akyem, wanda Newmont Ghana ke sarrafawa. Ma'adinin Akyem, ɗaya daga cikin ma'adinan zinariya a yankin, ya fara samar da kasuwanci a cikin 2013 kuma ya samar da fiye da 500,000 ounces na zinariya a cikin 2020..
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