Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya

Shirin Binciken yanayi na Duniya (WCRP) shiri ne na kasa da kasa wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita binciken yanayi na duniya. An kafa WCRP a cikin 1980, a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ICSU), kuma Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Intergovernmental (IOC) ta UNESCO ce ta tallafawa tun 1993.

Shirin yana samun tallafi daga masu tallafawa uku da ƙarin gudummawa daga jihohin ƙasa ko wasu masu ba da gudummawa. WCRP tana amfani da waɗannan kudade don shirya bita na kimiyya ko taro da tallafawa hadin gwiwa tsakanin masana kimiyya na yanayi a matakin duniya. Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun su kuma haɓaka ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa don bayanan yanayi kuma suna ba da shawarar wuraren da za a iya jaddadawa a nan gaba a cikin binciken yanayi na duniya, da sauransu.

 Tarihi 
Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP) ya wanzu a cikin 1980, tare da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC) - wanda aka sani da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ICSU) har zuwa sake tsara shi a watan Yulin 2018 - da kuma Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya (WMO) da ke aiki a matsayin masu tallafawa. Yankin tallafawa ya fadada a 1993 lokacin da Hukumar Kula da Oceanographic ta Intergovernmental (IOC) ta UNESCO ta shiga a matsayin mai tallafawa.

Fiye da shekaru 40, WCRP ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ci gaban kimiyyar yanayi. Ya inganta ikon masana kimiyya na yanayi don saka idanu, kwaikwayon, da kuma hasashen yanayin duniya tare da daidaito mara misaltuwa. Wannan ya haifar da samar da mahimman bayanai na yanayi wanda ke taimakawa manufofi da yanke shawara, da kuma tallafawa aikace-aikace daban-daban ga masu amfani na ƙarshe a fadin bangarori da yawa. Muhimmancin gudummawar WCRP an rubuta shi a cikin wallafe-wallafen biki kamar "25th Anniversary Brochure,"  "WCRP Film: shekaru 40 na kimiyyar yanayi ta duniya, "  da kuma labarai kamar "The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) yana murna da cika shekaru 40  

 Umurni 
An bayyana manufar WCRP a matsayin "mafi kyawun fahimtar tsarin yanayi da abubuwan da ke haifar da canjin yanayi da canji" da kuma "ƙayyade tsinkaye na yanayi; da kuma ƙayyade tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan yanayi". A aikace, shirin yana da niyyar inganta shirye-shirye a cikin binciken yanayi wanda ke buƙatar ko amfana daga daidaitawar kasa da kasa kuma wanda ba zai yiwu ya fito daga kokarin kasa kadai ba. Shirin ba ya tallafawa binciken yanayi kai tsaye, amma a wasu lokuta yana iya musayar ra'ayoyi tare da hukumomin tallafin bincike kan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a duniya.

 Tsarinsa 
Babban rukuni na masu ba da gudummawa ga WCRP sune dubban masana kimiyya na yanayi daga ko'ina cikin duniya waɗanda ke ba da ƙwarewarsu da lokaci a matsayin masu sa kai don, alal misali, taimakawa wajen shirya bita a manyan fannoni na bincike, shimfiɗa hanyoyin bincike na gaba a cikin labaran fararen takarda, kuma suna aiki a kan kimiyyar WCRP ko allon ba da shawara. Kwamitin Kimiyya na hadin gwiwa (JSC) wanda ya kunshi masana kimiyya masu sa kai 18 da aka zaba ta hanyar yarjejeniyar juna tsakanin kungiyoyin masu tallafawa guda uku ne ke ba da jagora na kimiyya don shirin. Ayyukan yau da kullun suna tallafawa ta sakatariyar kusan ma'aikata 8 na cikakken lokaci, wanda Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya ta shirya a Geneva.

 Ayyuka da ayyukan 
Ayyukan WCRP mafi girma sune "Ayyuka na asali" guda huɗu (wanda ake kira SPARC, CLIVAR, CliC, da GEWEX),  wanda ke tallafawa binciken yanayi a kan yanayin duniya, tekuna, cryosphere, da kuma ƙasa (tare da tsarin yanayi na duniya) da kuma hulɗa da musayar tsakanin su. Kowane Babban Shirin kuma yana da tsari mai kama da na WCRP kanta, wato masu ba da gudummawa ga masana kimiyya, ƙungiyar jagorantar kimiyya, da sakatariyar ("ofishin aikin kasa da kasa") wanda ƙasashe daban-daban suka shirya.

Shirin ya ci gaba da kula da kungiyoyin aiki na yau da kullun da majalisun ba da shawara kan bayanan yanayi, ƙirar yanayi, tsinkayar yanayi na yanki zuwa shekaru goma, da ƙirar yanayi na yanki. Ƙarin "Babban Ƙalubalen" suna da niyya ga takamaiman tambayoyin sha'awar al'umma a cikin kimiyyar yanayi.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fitar ta ƙungiyar aikin WCRP ita ce Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, wanda ke daidaitawa da daidaita kwatancen yau da kullun na samfuran yanayi na duniya  kuma wanda ke ba da muhimmiyar tushe ga hasashen yanayi na IPCC Assessment Reports. 

 Manazarta