Ka'idar famfo ta Sahara

Ka'idar famfo ta Sahara wani ra'ayi ne wanda ke bayyana yadda tsire-tsire da Dabbobi suka yi ƙaura tsakanin Eurasia da Afirka ta hanyar gada a yankin Levant (Hanyar Levantine). Ya nuna cewa tsawon lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya kai dubban shekaru (lokacin ruwan sama) a Afirka suna da alaƙa da lokacin "Sahara mai laushi", lokacin da manyan tabkuna da karin koguna suka wanzu  (duba Yanayin yanayi na Arewacin Afirka). Wannan ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi da aka samu a yankin. An dakatar da ƙaura tare da kogin lokacin da, a lokacin hamada shekaru miliyan 1.8-0.8 da suka gabata (mya), Kogin Nilu ya daina gudana gaba ɗaya [bayani da ake buƙata]   kuma mai yiwuwa ya gudana ne kawai na ɗan lokaci a wasu lokuta  saboda haɓakar ƙasa (Nubian Swell) na yankin Kogin Niru.  

 Hanyar aiki 
A lokacin jika ko Green Sahara, Sahara da Larabawa sun zama ciyayi na savanna kuma flora da fauna na Afirka sun zama gama gari.   Bayan lokacin bushe-bushe tsakanin pluvial, yankin Sahara ya koma yanayin hamada, yawanci sakamakon ja da baya ] Damina ta yammacin Afirka ke yi a kudu. Ruwan hazo ya wuce hazo, matakin ruwa a tafkunan kamar tafkin Chadi yana fadowa, kuma koguna sun zama busasshen wadis . Flora da fauna sun yadu a baya sakamakon haka suna komawa arewa zuwa tsaunin Atlas, kudu zuwa yammacin Afirka, ko gabas zuwa cikin kwarin Nilu daga nan ko dai kudu maso gabas zuwa tsaunukan Habasha da Kenya ko arewa maso gabas ta Sinai zuwa Asiya . Wannan ya raba yawan wasu nau'in nau'in a yankunan da ke da yanayi daban-daban, yana tilasta su daidaitawa, mai yiwuwa ya haifar da ƙididdiga na allopatric.

 Plio-Pleistocene 
Gudun Plio-Pleistocene zuwa Afirka sun haɗa da Caprinae a cikin raƙuman ruwa biyu a 3.2 Ma da 2.7-2.5 Ma; Nyctereutes a 2.5 Ma, da Equus a 2.3 Ma. Hippotragus ya yi ƙaura a 2.6 Ma daga Afirka zuwa Siwaliks na Himalayas. Dabbobin Asiya sun koma Turai da kuma zuwa da kuma daga Afirka. Primate Theropithecus ya sami raguwa kuma ana samun burbushinsa ne kawai a Turai da Asiya, yayin da Homo da Macaca suka zauna a wurare masu yawa.

 Shekaru 185,000-20,000 da suka gabata 
Tsakanin kimanin shekaru dubu 133 zuwa 122 da suka gabata (kya), yankunan kudancin hamadar Saharan-Arabiya sun sami farkon bukin Abbassia, lokacin damina tare da ƙaruwar hazo, kusan 100-200. mm / shekara. Wannan ya ba Eurasian biota damar tafiya zuwa Afirka kuma akasin haka.  An gano haɓakar seleothems (wanda ke buƙatar ruwan sama) a Hol-Zakh, Ashalim, Even-Sid, Ma'ale-ha-Meyshar, Ktora Cracks, Nagev Tzavoa Cave. A cikin kogon Qafzeh da Es Skuhl, inda a lokacin hazo ya kasance 600-1000. mm/shekara, ragowar Qafzeh-Skhul nau'in ɗan adam na zamani na zamani ana kwanan su ne daga wannan lokacin, amma da alama aikin ɗan adam yana ƙarewa a lokacin bushewa.

 Manazarta