Jerin duwatsu masu aman wuta a Mexico

Duwatsu masu aman wuta (volcanoes) a Mexico sun samar  wani muhimmin bangare na yanayin ƙasa na ƙasar, tare da tsaunuka masu yawa da suka ƙare da suka warwatse a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wadannan tsaunuka masu fitar da wuta suna cikin Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, babban dutsen wuta a Arewacin Amurka wanda ke shimfiɗe a tsakiyar kudancin Mexico. Hanyoyi daban-daban na fasalulluka na dutsen wuta a Mexico sun haɗa da stratovolcanoes, garkuwar dutsen wuta, cones na cinder, dome na lava, da calderas.

Da yawa daga cikin tsaunuka na Mexico suna cikin Ring of Fire na Pacific, yankin da ke da yawan girgizar ƙasa da fashewar aman wuta. Fitattun tsaunuka a Mexico sun hada da Popocatépetl, daya daga cikin manyan tsaunukan kasar kuma balkeno mai hadari, Pico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl), mafi girma a Mexico, da Parícutin, wani dutse mai tsaunuka na cinder cone wanda ya taso a gonar masara a 1943. Tsaunukan Mexico suna da muhimmanci a wajen yanayin kasar, yanayin sararin samaniya, al'adu kuma yana tasiri a kan noma, da muhallin mutane. Har ila yau, aman wuta daga dutsen yana zama haɗari ga al'ummomin da ke kewaye, wanda ke buƙatar ci gaba da kulawa da kuma shiryawa bala'i idan ya taso.

 Ire-iren tsaunuka masu fitar da wuta 
Akwai nau'ikan volcanoes da yawa a Mexico. Volcanoes na iya zama nau'i daban-daban kamar dutsen tsaunuka na cinder cone, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, da kuma lava domes.. Kowane ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan dutsen mai aman wuta yana da nashi sifar. Dutsen mai aman wuta na cinder cone sune volcano mafi sauki. Wannan nau'i na volcano yana samuwa ne daga burbushin lava mai karfi, wanda ke fesowa daga rami daya.  

 Yankin Dutsen wuta na Trans-Mexican 
Volcanic Belt na Trans-Mexican wani baka ne mai aman wuta na Neogene wanda ke faruwa a gefen kudu na farantin Arewacin Amurka. Ya kusan. Ya wuce gonakin Rivera da Cocos. Belin dutsen mai aman wuta ne na musamman, saboda bai yi daidai da tsakiyar tsakiyar Amurka ba, inda galibin ramuka masu aman wuta ke kasancewa. Yana da nau'ikan sinadarai masu yawa, kamar intraplate. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na volcanic waɗanda suka haɗa da cones volcanic monogenetic, volcanoes garkuwa, domes na lava, rukunin gidaje, da manyan calderas. Gaskiya mai daɗi: A zahiri dusar ƙanƙara ce duk tsawon shekara akan wasu kololuwar mafi girma mutane suna rayuwa, kuma lokacin da yanayin ya bayyana, waɗanda ke zaune a Mexico za su iya ganin su akan wasu manyan sassa waɗanda waɗannan tsaunuka ke tashi. Kafin Trans-Mexican Belt ya karbi ragamar mulki, Saliyo Madre Occidental yana cikin ainihin yankin. Wannan shine yadda Belt Volcanic na Trans-Mexican ya samo asali kuma ya canza kuma Plate Rivera ya fara raguwa a ƙarƙashin tsakiyar Mexico a farkon zuwa ƙarshen Miocene. 2) Tsagewar hawaye ya fara yaduwa zuwa yamma zuwa gabas a fadin yankin arewa na baya na bel, wanda ya ba da izinin dumama asthenospheric don samar da yanayin Mafic wanda ke da alaƙa da jujjuyawar dutsen da ke aika mashigin dutsen wuta zuwa matsayin yau.

 Jerin 
Wannan jerin tsaunuka ne masu aiki da wadanda ba su da wuta a Mexico.
NameElevation (m)Elevation (ft)LocationLast eruptionVolcanic type!a!a!a -9e99~z~z~z9e99Los Atlixcos8002625—ShieldAcatlán Volcanic Field19906529PleistoceneCalderaVolcán Bárcena33210891953CinderCeboruco228074801875CompositeCerro Prieto223732HoloceneCompositeSierra Chichinautzin393012,894400 CEShieldEl Chichón106034781982CompositeCofre de Perote428214,0491150ShieldColima433014,3062019CompositeComondú-La Purísima7802559—CinderCoronado4401444—CompositeLas Cumbres394012,9263920 BCE ± 50CompositeLas Derrumbadas348011,417—CompositeDurango volcanic field20756808—CompositeLa Gloria Volcanic Field360011,483—CompositeGuadalupe11003609—ShieldLos Humeros315010,3354470 BCECompositeIztaccihuatl528617,342HoloceneCompositeJaraguay volcanic field9603150HoloceneCompositeJocotitlán391012,8281270 ± 75CompositeEl Jorullo317010,3971774CinderLa Malinche446114,6361170 BCE ± 50CompositeMascota Volcanic Field25408399HoloceneCinderMichoacán–Guanajuato volcanic field386012,6641952CinderMoctezuma volcanic field530,000 ± 200,000CompositeNaolinco Volcanic Field200065621200 BCECinderNevado de Toluca469015,3541350 BCECompositePapayo360011,811HoloceneCompositeParícutin28001952CinderPico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl)570018,7011846CompositePinacate Peaks12003937—CompositePopocatépetl542617,8022024CompositeSierra la Primavera22707448PleistoceneCompositeLa Reforma Caldera -—CompositeSan Borja volcanic field13604462HoloceneCinderIsla San Luis180591HoloceneShieldSan Martin Tuxtla165054131796ShieldSan Quintín Volcanic Field260853HoloceneShieldSangangüey235376771742CompositeSerdan-Oriental348511,434HoloceneCompositeSocorro105034451994ShieldTacaná406013,3201986CompositeTequila Volcano29209,580PleistoceneCompositeIsla Tortuga210689HoloceneShieldTres Virgenes194063651857CompositeZitacuaro-Valle de Bravo350011,4833050 BCEComposite

 Hadarin dutsen wuta 
Haɗari mai aman wuta wani tsari ne wanda zai iya haifar da lahani ga wani abu ko kowa. Tephra/ash haɗari ne da yawancin tsaunuka ke haifarwa. Toka yana rufe abubuwa kamar gine-gine, ababen hawa, gidaje, da dai sauransu, kuma idan “dabbobi ko mutane suka cinye tokar mai kyau, zai iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya..” Lahars wani nau'in haɗari ne na volcanic da ke gudana wanda zai iya zama cutarwa ta yadda za su iya ɗauka / ja wani abu a hanyarsu. Lahars na iya gudana a cikin gudu daban-daban, yana sa mutane su yi wahala su tsere daga gare su. Pyroclastic kwarara, wadanda iskar gas ne masu guba da gizagizai masu zafi ke haifarwa da ke iya lalata duk abin da suka yi mu'amala da su, wani misali ne na hadari mai aman wuta. Ruwan Lava shine mafi ƙarancin kisa daga haɗarin volcanic saboda "mafi yawan motsi a hankali wanda mutane zasu iya fita daga hanya cikin sauƙi." Koyaya, abubuwa, mutane, da ƙari waɗanda ke kusa da magudanar ruwa "za a buge su, a kewaye su, a binne su, ko kuma su ƙone su da zafin zafin lava.". "

 Zobba na Wuta 
Girgizar ƙasa da tsaunuka masu yawa suna cikin zagaye na wuta na Pacific. Bugu da kari, zobe na wuta shine "sakamakon kai tsaye na tectonics na farantin, kuma motsi da haɗuwa da farantin lithospheric"  da kuma tsaunukan wuta na Mexico suna daga cikin wannan zobe na gobara. Wani takamaiman dutsen wuta na Mexico ban da zobe na wutar lantarki shine Popocatépetl, wanda kuma yana daya daga cikin tsaunuka masu haɗari. Wannan dutsen wuta yana kwance "a kan Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, wanda shine sakamakon karamin Cocos Plate sub-ducting a ƙarƙashin Plate na Arewacin Amurka Plate". Dutsen Popocatépetl yana da haɗari ga mutane da yawa, don haka dole ne su yi hankali lokacin ko kuma idan wannan dutsen ya fashe. Gabaɗaya, tsaunukan wuta na Mexico suna cikin zobe na wuta, saboda haka mutanen da ke zaune kusa da tsaunukan da aka lissafa a sama dole ne su yi hankali tare da tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta waɗanda za su sake fashewa.

 Tasirin fashewar dutsen wuta a kan al'ummomin da ke kewaye 
Lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta ya barke, al'ummomin da ke kusa da su suna shafar ya danganta da yadda fashewar fashewar ta faru. Popocatépetl kyakkyawan misali ne na tasirin da dutsen mai aman wuta zai iya yi akan al'umma. Popocatépetl sanannen dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne saboda kasancewarsa tsawon shekaru 50 baya aiki kuma ya dawo rayuwa a 1994. Tun daga 1994, yana haifar da fashewa mai ƙarfi a cikin tazarar da ba ta dace ba. A cikin 2013, Ya saki gajimare na toka wanda zai bazu tsawon mil 2 a tsawon kwanaki da yawa na fashewa. Birnin San Pedro Nexapa yana kimanin mita 9.5 daga Popocatépetl. Abu ne mai sauki iskar ta dauke toka, ta zagaya tana gurbata iska. Motocin da ke tafiya suna dibar tokar da hayakinsu, kuma da dutsen mai aman wuta har yanzu ba a saba ba, toka na fita lokaci-lokaci. Bayan fashe-fashen, an soke jimillar jirage 17 “saboda yanayin yanayi da kuma daidai da manufofinsu na kasa da kasa.” Sauran tasirin da dutsen mai aman wuta zai iya yi kan al'ummomin da ke kusa da tushe sun hada da gajimare toka, kwararar laka, iskar gas, girgizar kasa, da tsunami. "Lokacin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta da kuma abubuwan da suka biyo baya, an sami karuwar cututtuka na numfashi da kuma mace-mace a tsakanin wadanda aman wuta ya shafa.". "

 Tasirin girma a kan itace 
Tasirin muhalli akan girma da tsirar bishiyoyi a Mexico daga ayyukan volcanic suna da mahimmanci. Amfani da shaida daga sakamakon fashewar 1855 - 1856 na dutsen dutsen Tacaná da toka ya fado daga fashewar 1902 na dutsen Santa Maria da radial girma na bishiyoyi a Tacaná. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, sun haifar da manyan abubuwan da suka faru na murkushewa. Lamarin na farko ya faru ne daga 1857 zuwa 1868 wanda ya haifar da fashewar tarihi na Tacaná, shekaru biyu kafin. Bayan shekara guda bayan fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta na Santa Maria, karo na biyu na dakatar da shi ya fara ne daga 1903 zuwa 1908, lokacin da girmar bishiyar ya shafa sakamakon kaurin toka da fadowa daga fashewar aka ajiye a kusa da kowace bishiya. Wani misali kuma cewa tasirin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta a kan dazuzzuka na iya zama fashewar Plinian na Volćan de Fuego a 1913, kilomita 7.7 zuwa kudu. Wannan taron ya kasance daya daga cikin fashewar fashewar abubuwa mafi girma a Mexico kuma ya haifar da kwararar toka har zuwa mita 40 a kauri. Hakanan, wannan ya nuna ƙarancin girma a cikin 1913 da 1914, raguwar haɓakar rediyo ya haura 30% a cikin 75% na itatuwan da aka gwada. .[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span>]

 Dubi kuma 

 Amurka ta tsakiya Volcanic Arc
 Yankin Dutsen wuta na Trans-Mexican
 Jerin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a Guatemala
 Jerin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a Amurka
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