Samosa

samosa (/səˈmoʊsə/) (listenⓘ) (Hindi) (Persian) abinci ne mai dafa abinci na Kudancin Asiya  da Yammacin Asiya. Kayan kwalliya ne mai ɗanɗano wanda galibi ya ƙunshi kayan lambu kamar dankali, albasa, da wake, amma kuma yana iya haɗawa da nama ko kifi, ko ma cuku. Sunansa ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Farisa ta Tsakiya sambosag () (ma'anar 'kayan kwalliya mai kusurwa uku'). An yi shi a cikin siffofi daban-daban, gami da triangular, cone, ko crescent, dangane da yankin. Samosas sau da yawa suna tare da Chutney, kuma suna da asali a zamanin da ko a baya. Ana kuma yin nau'ikan da suka dace. Samosas sanannen abinci ne, mai cin abinci, ko abincin dare a cikin abincin Kudancin Asiya, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Yammacin Asiya, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Portugal, Gabashin Afirka da kuma yankunansu na Kudancin Asia.

 Magana 
Kalmar Ingilishi samosa ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Hindu Hindi-language romanization" typeof="mw:Transclusion">samosa (Urdu: سموسہ, Hindi:__hau____hau____hau__),  wanda za'a iya gano shi zuwa kalmar Farisa ta Tsakiya  ()  'kiyayi mai kusurwa uku'. Ana kiran irin wannan burodi  a cikin Larabci daga Farisa; littattafan girke-girke na Larabci na zamani wani lokacin suna rubuta shi , waɗanda duk an aro su ne daga sanbosag na Farisa.

 Tarihi 
An yi imanin cewa samosa na Kudancin Asiya ya samo asali ne daga wani mai gabatarwa na zamani daga Gabas ta Tsakiya  wanda aka dafa shi kuma ba a soya shi sosai ba. Magana ta farko game da samosa ta kasance ta mawaki na zamanin Abbasid Ishaq al-Mawsili, yana yabon sanbusaj. Ana samun girke-girke a cikin littattafan dafa abinci na Larabawa na ƙarni na 10 zuwa 13, a ƙarƙashin sunayen sanbusak, sanbusaq, da sanbusaj, duk sun samo asali ne daga kalmar Farisa  . A Iran, abincin ya shahara har zuwa karni na 16, amma a karni na 20 an ƙuntata shahararsa ga wasu larduna (kamar  na Larestan).  Abolfazl Beyhaqi (995-1077), masanin tarihin Iran, ya ambaci shi a cikin tarihinsa, Tarikh-e Beyhaghi . 

An gabatar da samsa na Asiya ta Tsakiya a yankin Indiya a karni na 13 ko 14 ta hanyar masu dafa abinci daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya ta Tsakiyar waɗanda suka dafa abinci a cikin ɗakunan abinci na sarauta ga sarakunan Delhi Sultanate .  Amir Khusro (1253-1325), masanin kimiyya kuma mawaki na sarauta na Delhi Sultanate, ya rubuta a kusa da 1300 AZ cewa sarakuna da manyan mutane suna jin daɗin "samosa da aka shirya daga nama, ghee, albasa, da sauransu". Ibn Battuta, matafiyi da mai bincike na ƙarni na 14, ya bayyana abinci a kotun Muhammad bin Tughluq, inda aka ba da samushak ko 'sanbusah', ƙaramin burodi da aka cika da nama, almonds, pistachios, walnuts da kayan yaji, kafin kashi na uku na pulao. Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi, littafin dafa abinci na Indiya na zamani wanda aka fara wa Ghiyath Shah, mai mulkin Malwa Sultanate a tsakiyar Indiya, ya ambaci fasahar yin samosa. Ain-i-Akbari, wani takarda na Mughal na ƙarni na 16, ya ambaci girke-girke na qottab, wanda ya ce, "mutane na Hindu suna kiran sanbúsah". 

Samosa ya sami karbuwa saboda dandano mai ɗanɗano da saukakawa. Abinci mai girman aljihu abinci ne mai sauƙi ga ma'aikata da matafiya a fadin Tsakiyar da Kudancin Asiya.

 Regional varieties 

 Indiya 
Ana shirya samosa tare da gari mai amfani (wanda aka sani da Maida) kuma an cika shi da cikawa, sau da yawa cakuda dankali da aka dafa da kuma dafa ko kuma an dafa shi da dankali, albasa, wake mai kore, lentils, ginger, kayan yaji da kore chillies. Samosa na iya zama ko dai mai cin ganyayyaki ko wanda ba mai cin ganyayi ba, dangane da cikawa. Dukkanin burodi ana dafa shi da man kayan lambu ko (rarely) ghee har sai ya kai launi mai launin ruwan kasa. Ana ba da shi da zafi, sau da yawa tare da sabbin chutneys kore, kamar mint ko coriander chutney, ko tamarind chutney. Hakanan ana iya shirya shi a cikin tsari mai dadi. Sau da yawa ana ba da Samosas a matsayin abincin rana na shayi, ko kuma a matsayin chaat (wani nau'in abinci na titi), tare da haɗin gargajiya na ko dai chickpea ko shirye-shiryen farin wake, drizzled tare da yogurt, tamarind chutney da kore chutney, kuma an yi ado da albasa, coriander, da chaat masala.

A cikin jihohin Indiya na Assam, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar da Jharkhand, singara ko 'shingra' ()  (Gaskiyar Gabashin Indiya ta samosas) sanannun abincin lambu ne da ake samu kusan ko'ina. Sun ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da sauran sassan Indiya, tare da cikawa wanda ya kunshi dankali da aka dafa, man shanu, kuma wani lokacin ruwan inabi. Ana lulluɓe Shingras a cikin takarda mai laushi (wanda aka yi da gari mai ma'ana) kuma an soya su. Kyakkyawan shingras suna rarrabewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da na ɓawon burodi mai ɗanɗano.

Ana iya cin Singaras a matsayin abincin dare na shayi. Hakanan ana iya shirya su a cikin tsari mai dadi. Singaras na Bengali suna da triangular, cike da dankali, wake, albasa, almond, ko wasu kayan lambu, kuma sun fi soya da yawa kuma sun fi sauran singaras ko 'yan uwan su samosa. Singara cike da cakuda cauliflower sanannen bambanci ne. Nau'ikan singaras marasa cin ganyayyaki sune singaras na tumaki da singaras na kifi. Har ila yau, akwai nau'ikan da ke da ɗanɗano, kamar su coconut singara, da kuma wasu da aka cika da khoya kuma an tsoma su cikin sukari wanda aka sani da Mishti Shingara.

A cikin birnin Hyderabad, an cinye ƙaramin samosa tare da ƙuƙwalwar burodi mai kauri da cika nama, wanda ake kira lukhmi,  kamar yadda wani bambancin ya kasance tare da cika albasa. Crispy samosas cike da kayan yaji masu ɗanɗano suma sananne ne a cikin birni kuma an san su da Irani / onion samosas. An shahara da su ta hanyar cafes na Irani a cikin birni kuma ana sayar da su a tashoshin jirgin kasa da tashoshin bas.

A cikin jihohin Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, da Tamil Nadu, samosas sun ɗan bambanta, ana ninka su daban, kamar  na Portuguese, tare da salon burodi daban. Har ila yau, cikawa ya bambanta, yawanci yana nuna dankali mai laushi tare da kayan yaji, soya albasa, wake, karoshi, kabewa, ganyen curry, da kore chilis, kuma galibi ana cinye shi ba tare da chutney ba. Samosas a Kudancin Indiya ana yin su ne a cikin girma daban-daban, wanda kayan aikinsa ke rinjayar al'adun abinci na gida, kuma yana iya haɗawa da nama.


 Bangladesh 
Dukansu samosas masu siffar (triangular) da cikakkiyar siffar (tetrahedron / triangular pyramid) sanannun kayan lambu ne a Bangladesh. Wani nau'in Bengali na samosa mai cikakken siffar ana kiransa  () kuma yawanci karami ne fiye da daidaitattun iri-iri.  yawanci ana cika shi da dankali, kayan lambu, kwayoyi, da dai sauransu. Koyaya,  cike da hanta na naman sa suna da mashahuri sosai a wasu sassan ƙasar. Ana kiran samosa mai laushi  ko yuncha, kuma yawanci ana cika shi da albasa da nama.

 Nepal 
Ana kiran Samosas Nepal (macrolanguage)-language romanization" typeof="mw:Transclusion">singadas a gabashin Nepal; sauran ƙasar suna kiranta samosa. A Nepal, 'yan kasuwa da al'ummomin Indiya da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Nepal, kamar Mutanen Marwari, sun gabatar da samosa, kuma nan da nan ya zama sanannen abincin dare. Maimakon chuntey kamar yadda ya shahara a cikin ƙasashe makwabta, ana ba da samosa sau da yawa kuma ana cinye shi tare da chickpea ko kore curried soup. Masu siyarwa suna sayar da abincin a kasuwanni da gidajen cin abinci daban-daban.

 Pakistan 
Samosas na nau'o'i daban-daban suna samuwa a duk faɗin Pakistan. Gabaɗaya, yawancin nau'ikan samosa da ake siyarwa a kudancin lardin Sindh da gabashin Punjab, musamman birnin Lahore, sun fi ƙanshi kuma galibi suna dauke da kayan lambu ko kayan dankali. Koyaya, samosas da aka siyar a yamma da arewacin ƙasar galibi suna ƙunshe da kayan da aka yi da nama kuma ba su da ɗanɗano. Nama samosa ya ƙunshi nama mai laushi (lamb, naman sa, ko kaza) kuma ya shahara a matsayin abinci mai laushi a Pakistan.

In Pakistan, the samosas of Karachi are famous for their spicy flavour, whereas samosas from Faisalabad are noted for being unusually large.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)">citation needed</span>] Another distinct variety of samosa, available in Karachi, is called  (Urdu: کاغذی سموسہ; "paper samosa" in English) due to its thin and crispy covering, which resembles a wonton or spring roll wrapper. Another variant, popular in Punjab, consists of samosas with side dishes of mashed spiced chickpeas, onions, and coriander leaf salad, as well as various chutneys to top the samosas. Sweet samosas are also sold in the cities of Pakistan including Peshawar; these sweet samosas contain no filling and are dipped in thick sugar syrup.

Wani abincin abincin Pakistani, wanda ya shahara a Punjab, an san shi da  . Wannan haɗuwa ce ta samosa mai lalacewa, tare da chickpeas mai ɗanɗano (channa chaat), yogurt, da chutneys. A madadin haka, ana iya cin samosa da kansa tare da chutney a gefe.

A Pakistan, samosas abinci ne na musamman ga iyalai da yawa na Pakistan a lokacin watan Ramzan.

 Maldives 
Nau'ikan da nau'ikan samosa da aka yi a cikin Abincin Maldivian an san su da  . An cika su da cakuda ciki har da kifi kamar tuna da albasa.

 Irin wannan abincin 

Ana samun irin wannan abincin rana da bambance-bambance na samosas a wasu ƙasashe da yawa. An samo su ne daga kudancin Asiya ko kuma an samo su ne tun daga farkon zamanin da ya samo asali a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

 Asiya ta Tsakiya 

samsa abinci ne mai ɗanɗano a cikin abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya, wanda ya ƙunshi burodi da aka cika da nama kuma wani lokacin kayan lambu.

 Kudu maso gabashin Asiya 

 Myanmar (Burma) 
Samosas ana kiransu lit." data-linkid="252" href="./Burmese_language" id="mwAW4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Burmese language">Burmese-language romanization" typeof="mw:Transclusion">samuza a cikin harshen Burmese, kuma sanannen abincin titi ne a Burma. Ana kuma amfani da samosas a cikin salatin gargajiya na Burmese da ake kira Samuza thoke (__kon____kon____kon__) a cikin salatan da aka yanke samosa tare da albasa, kabewa, sabo mint, dankali mai sauƙi da chickpea curry broth, masala, chili foda, gishiri da lime.

 Indonesia 
A Indonesia, 'Samosa' an san su da samosa, cake da dankali, cuku, curry, rousong ko noodles kamar yadda ya dace da dandano na gida. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da su azaman abincin dare tare da sambal. Samosa yayi kama da Indonesian pastel, panada da epok-epok.

 Afirka 

 Gabashin Afirka 
Samosas are also a key part of East African food often seen in Somalia, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Rwanda. In much of East Africa, samosa is called "sambusa" (Tigrinya and Amharic: ሳምቡሳ "sāmbusā," Somali: sambuus, Swahili: sambusa, Arabic: سمبوسة "sambusa")

Samosas, wanda ake kira samoussas, sanannen abincin rana ne a Réunion da Mauritius saboda tsibirai biyu sun fuskanci manyan raƙuman ƙaura daga yankin Indiya. Samosas da ke wurin gabaɗaya sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna cike da kaza, cuku, crabs ko dankali. Har ila yau, akwai nau'o'i kamar cakulan da ayaba ko pizza. 

Samosa iri-iri da aka yi a cikin Abincin Somaliya an cika su da naman sa ko kayan lambu, tare da yawanci ana haɗa su da kayan yaji na Somaliya. Sau da yawa ana cinye Sambusa a lokacin Ramadan. Samosas kuma suna da abinci na gida a cikin 'yan kasashen Horn na Afirka na Djibouti da Habasha.
Ana kiransu samoosas a Afirka ta Kudu,   suna da ƙanƙanta fiye da bambance-bambance na Indiya,  kuma suna cikin abincin Indiya da Cape Malay na Afirka ta Kudu.

 Yammacin Afirka 
Samosas kuma suna cikin ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka kamar Ghana da Najeriya, inda suke Abinci na titi na yau da kullun. A Najeriya, yawanci ana ba da shi a cikin jam'iyyun tare da kaza ko naman sa, puff, ruwaye na bazara da shuke-shuke kuma ana kiransu ƙananan chops.

 Gabas ta Tsakiya 

 Kasashen Larabawa 
Sambousek (Arabic) yawanci ana cika su da nama, albasa, pine nut, Za'atar, spinach dock, ko cuku.

 Iran 
Sambuseh (Persian) sau da yawa ana iya samun sa a yankunan kudancin Iran kuma da wuya a wasu yankuna. Koyaya, a al'adance ana yin sa ne a cikin nau'in qottab cike da kwayoyin ƙasa (yawanci, walnuts), sukari, ganyayyaki masu ƙanshi ko kayan yaji, kuma a dafa shi cikin mai. Ana amfani dashi azaman kayan zaki kuma galibi. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da nama, ba a kira shi qottab ba. Wannan shi ne duk abin da ya rage na tsohuwar "sanbusag" a tsohuwar ƙasarsu. A zamanin yau, ana yin Sambuseh na Iran sau da yawa tare da sausage da Cuku na pizza; duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan kayan lambu iri-iri.

 Isra'ila 
Sambusak (Ibraniyawa) ya zo a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar yadda sambusak ya sami rinjaye daban-daban daga abincin Sephardic da Mizrahi. Sephardi sambusak yawanci ya fi kauri, an dafa shi, kuma an cika shi da cuku ko naman sa kuma an rufe shi da tsaba na sesame ko nigella. Mizrahi sambusak gabaɗaya ya fi ƙanƙanta, ya fi girma, ya soya, kuma an cika shi da chickpea da albasa, kuma yawanci ba a rufe shi da tsaba ba.

 Yankunan da ake magana da Portuguese 
A Goa (India), Portugal, da Angola, samosas an san su da  . Yawanci ana cika su da kaza, naman sa, naman alade, ɗan rago ko kayan lambu, kuma galibi ana ba da su da zafi sosai. Samosas wani bangare ne na abinci na Goan da Portuguese, inda suke abinci na yau da kullun.

 Yankunan da ake magana da Turanci 
Samóa suna da mashahuri a Burtaniya, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Trinidad da Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Uganda, Afirka ta Kudu, Rwanda, Kenya da Tanzania, kuma suna karuwa a Kanada  da Amurka. Ana iya kiransu Samboosa ko sambusac, amma a Afirka ta Kudu, galibi ana kiransu samoosa. Ana samun samosas masu daskarewa daga shagunan kayan masarufi a Ostiraliya, Kanada, Amurka, da Ingila, inda kuma ake sayar da su akai-akai da sabo daga masu sayar da kasuwar tituna na Indiya da Pakistan.

 haramcin samosa na Al-Shabaab 
Al-Shabaab, ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke kula da sassan Somaliya, ta haramta samosas a cikin 2011 saboda damuwa game da yiwuwar amfani da nama mai ruɓewa a cikin cikawa.

 Dubi kuma 


 Manazarta 

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