Umurnin Magunguna na Ruwa Mai Ruwa

Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci na Birni na 1991 (91/271/EEC) Umurnin Tarayyar Turai game da "tattara, magani da fitar da ruwan sharar gida na birane da magani da fitarwa da ruwan shayarwa daga wasu bangarorin masana'antu". Manufarta ita ce "don kare muhalli daga mummunar tasirin zubar da ruwa daga birane da "wasu bangarorin masana'antu". An karɓi Dokar Majalisar 91/271/EEC kan Magungunan Ruwa na Birane a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1991,  wanda Dokar Hukumar 98/15/EC ta yi gyare-gyare.

Yana ba da umarnin tattara ruwa mai guba da magani a cikin birane masu yawa tare da yawan jama'a sama da 2000, da kuma ingantaccen magani a wuraren da yawan jamaʼa ya fi 10,000 a cikin "yanki masu mahimmanci".

 Bayyanawa 
Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci (cikakken taken "Dokar Majalisar 91/271/EEC na 21 ga Mayu 1991 game da maganin ruwan sharar gida na birane") umarni ne na Tarayyar Turai game da tattara ruwan shararru na birane, maganin ruwan shayarwa da fitar da shi, da kuma magani da fitar da "ruwan sharar gida daga wasu bangarorin masana'antu". An karbe shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1991. Manufarta ita ce "don kare muhalli daga mummunar tasirin fitar da ruwa mai guba a birane da fitarwa daga wasu bangarorin masana'antu" ta hanyar ba da umarnin tattara ruwa mai guga da magani a cikin birane masu yawa tare da yawan jama'a sama da 2000, da kuma ingantaccen magani a wuraren da ke da yawan jama-adu sama da 10,000 a yankuna masu mahimmanci.

Kasashe membobin Tarayyar Turai suna kula da kuma gudanar da tsire-tsire masu tsabtace ruwa don bin umarnin kula da ruwa mai guba wanda ke saita ka'idoji don magani da zubar da datti ga al'ummomin sama da mutane 200. Kowace jiha memba tana da alhakin aiwatar da bukatun umarnin ta hanyar dokokin gida masu dacewa. Wannan umarnin kuma yana da alaƙa da Dokokin Ruwa na Wutar Wutar Wuta da kuma ka'idodin muhalli da aka saita a cikin Dokokin Tsarin Ruwa waɗanda aka tsara don kare duk amfani da ƙarshen yanayin karɓa.

Hukuncin Hukumar 93/481/EEC ya bayyana bayanin da ya kamata Kasashen membobin su samar da kwamiti kan yanayin aiwatar da Umurnin.

Cibiyoyin tsabtace ruwa na al'ada a halin yanzu suna ba da sabis ga sama da 90% na yawan EU. Ci gaba da aiwatar da Dokokin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci na Urban yana shirin rage gudummawar EU ga fitar da microplastics na duniya a cikin teku. Dangane da nazarin farashi-amfanin da aka shirya don umarnin da aka gabatar, saka hannun jari da ake buƙata don aiwatar da maganin quaternary a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsabta tare da damar akalla mutane 10,000 a cikin EU an kiyasta kusan Yuro biliyan 2.6 a kowace shekara.

 Yankunan da ba su da kyau 
Umurnin ya bayyana yankuna masu mahimmanci, kamar "jikin Ruwa mai laushi, koguna da ruwan bakin teku waɗanda ke da eutrophic ko waɗanda zasu iya zama eutrophic idan ba a dauki matakin kariya ba", "ruwan ruwa mai lauri da aka nufa don cire ruwan sha wanda ke ƙunshe ko kuma yana iya ƙunshe da fiye da 50 MG / L na nitrates", yankunan da ake buƙatar ƙarin magani don bin wasu umarni, kamar umarni akan ruwa na kifi, akan ruwan wanka, akan ruwa na shellfish, akan kiyaye tsuntsayen daji da wuraren zama na halitta, da sauransu.

 Aiwatarwa 
Ana buƙatar jihohin membobin su samar da wuraren kula da ruwa mai guba

 A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1998 ga dukkan wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a sama da 10,000 inda ruwan ya fito cikin wani yanki mai rikitarwa."Implementation of Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment, as amended by Commission Directive 98/15/EC of 27 February 1998" (pdf). European Commission. 23 April 2004. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
 A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1998 ga dukkan wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a sama da 15,000, wanda ya fitar da ruwan su a cikin abin da ake kira "yanki na al'ada" kuma ruwan da ya lalace wanda Shuke-shuke masu sarrafa abinci suka samar, wanda aka fitar kai tsaye cikin ruwa, ya cika wasu sharuɗɗa.
 ta 31 ga Disamba 2005 ga duk wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a tsakanin 2000 da 10 000 inda ake fitar da ruwa a cikin wani yanki mai rikitarwa.
 ta 31 Disamba 2005 ga duk wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a tsakanin 10,000 da 15,000 inda ba a fitar da ruwa a cikin irin wannan yanki mai rikitarwa

A cikin rahoton Hukumar na 2004 game da aiwatarwa ta jihohin membobin, Hukumar ta lura cewa wasu kasashe membobin, musamman Faransa da Spain, sun yi jinkiri wajen samar da bayanan da ake buƙata, kuma an fara hanyoyin keta doka."Implementation of Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment, as amended by Commission Directive 98/15/EC of 27 February 1998" (pdf). European Commission. 23 April 2004. Retrieved 19 July 2009. Rahoton ya ambaci rashin samar da duk wani magani na ci gaba a cikin yankunan da aka gano a matsayin masu hankali a cikin sashin su, kamar Ebro da Guadalquivir; aiwatar da Italiya a cikin yankin da ke kusa da Kogin Po, delta da ruwan bakin teku; da kuma fassarar Ingila da aiwatar da umarnin game da yankunan da ke tattare da yankuna masu mahimmanci. Yawancin jihohin membobin sun shirya don cimma daidaituwa da Umurnin ta hanyar 2005 ko 2008 a ƙarshe.

A cikin 2020 Hukumar ta buga rahoton aiwatarwa na baya-bayan nan wanda ya rufe fiye da 23,600 inda mutane (kuma har zuwa iyakantaccen masana'antu) ke samar da ruwa mai guba. Kamar yadda za a sake fasalin UWWTD nan ba da daɗewa ba don biyan burin Green Deal na Turai, wannan rahoton yana gudanar da kimantawa game da umarnin. Wannan ya biyo bayan kimantawa na tasiri don tantance zaɓuɓɓukan manufofi don sabuntawa, wanda ya dace da UWWTD na gaba. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ƙimar bin doka ta tashi, tare da 95% don tattarawa, 88% don magani na biyu (biological), da 86% don ƙarin magani mai tsauri. Akwai kyakkyawan yanayi gabaɗaya, amma har yanzu ba a cimma cikakken bin umarnin ba. Wannan ya zama dole, saboda wannan zai nuna raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin nauyin gurɓataccen a cikin Jihohin membobin. A cikin dogon lokaci, ana buƙatar ƙarin saka hannun jari don isa da kiyaye bin umarnin. Garuruwa da birane da yawa har yanzu suna gina ko sabunta ababen more rayuwa don tattara ruwa mai guba. Don tallafawa kasashe membobin, hukumar ta kafa kudade da shirye-shiryen kudi.

 Muhimmancin siyasa 
Umurnin Ruwa na Ruwa na Birni ya nuna canji daga dokokin da aka yi niyya ga ka'idojin amfani na ƙarshe zuwa ƙa'idodi masu tsauri da aka yi amfani da su don tsara ingancin ruwa a tushen. Umurnin ya shafi ruwa mai guba na cikin gida da ruwa mai gubu daga bangarorin masana'antu, dukansu biyu suna da alhakin yawancin gurɓataccen. Umurnin misali ne na cikakken yanayin dokokin Tarayyar Turai kuma ya haifar da "babban farashi a kasashe membobin da yawa".

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba