Mai zina

Wani mai lalata wani abu ne da aka kara a asirce ga wani wanda zai iya lalata aminci ko tasiri. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da abinci, kayan shafawa, magunguna ko man fetur.

 Ma'anar 
Adulteration is the practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. The secretly added substance will not normally be present in any specification or declared substances due to accident or negligence rather than intent, and also for the introduction of unwanted substances after the product has been made. Adulteration, therefore, implies that the adulterant was introduced deliberately in the initial manufacturing process, or sometimes that it was present in the raw materials and should have been removed, but was not.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span>]

An adulterant is distinct from, for example, permitted food preservatives. There can be a fine line between adulterant and additive; chicory may be added to coffee to reduce the cost or achieve a desired flavor—this is adulteration if not declared, but may be stated on the label. Chalk was often added to bread flour; this reduces the cost and increases whiteness, but the calcium confers health benefits, and in modern bread, a little chalk may be included as an additive for this reason.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span>]

In wartime, adulterants have been added to make foodstuffs "go further" and prevent shortages. The German word ersatz is widely recognised for such practices during World War II. Such adulteration was sometimes deliberately hidden from the population to prevent loss of morale and propaganda reasons. Some goods considered luxurious in the Soviet Bloc such as coffee were adulterated  to make them affordable to the general population.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span>]

 A cikin abinci da abin sha 
Misalai na baya da na yanzu na abinci mai laushi, wasu masu haɗari, sun haɗa da:

 Apple jellies (jams), a matsayin maye gurbin jellies na 'Ya'yan itace masu tsada, tare da ƙara launi kuma wani lokacin ma da ƙwayoyin itace waɗanda ke kwaikwayon raspberry ko strawberry
 Fructose mai tsayi mai tsayi ko sukari na kara, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don lalata zuma
 gurasar launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa don ba da bayyanar sausage na naman sa don cika sausage.
 Yin amfani da man zaitun
 Tushen chicoory da aka gasa da aka yi amfani da shi azaman mai lalata don kofi (idan ba a ambaci shi ba ko kuma ya nuna shi a kowace hanya) 
 Ruwa, don narkar da madara da Abin sha mai barasa
 Ruwa ko saline da aka yi wa kaza, naman alade, ko wasu nama don kara nauyin su.
 Urea, melamine da sauran tushen nitrogen marasa furotin, an kara su ga samfuran furotin don kumbura ma'aunin abun ciki na furotin 

 Tarihi 
Historically, the use of adulterants has been common; sometimes dangerous substances have been used. In the United Kingdom up to the Victorian era, adulterants were common; for example, cheeses were sometimes colored with lead. Similar adulteration issues were seen in industries in the United States, during the 19th century. There is a dispute over whether these practices declined primarily due to government regulation or to increased public awareness and concern over the practices.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span>]

A farkon karni na 21, shari'o'in lalata mai haɗari sun faru a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

A wasu ƙasashen Afirka, ba sabon abu ba ne ga ɓarayi su karya masu canzawa wutar lantarki don sata mai mai canzawa, wanda aka sayar wa masu aiki na kantin abinci na kan hanya don amfani da su don dafa abinci mai zurfi. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci, an ruwaito cewa man mai canzawa yana da tsawo fiye da man dafa abinci na yau da kullun. Rashin amfani da wannan amfani da man mai canzawa shine barazanar lafiyar masu amfani, saboda kasancewar PCBs.

Adulterant use was first investigated in 1820 by the German chemist Frederick Accum, who identified many toxic metal colorings in food and drink. His work antagonized food suppliers, and he was ultimately discredited by a scandal over his alleged mutilation of books in the Royal Institution library. The physician Arthur Hill Hassall conducted extensive studies in the early 1850s, which were published in The Lancet and led to the 1860 Food Adulteration Act and other legislation. John Postgate led a further campaign, leading to another Act of 1875, which forms the basis of the modern legislation and a system of public analyst who test for adulteration.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span>]

A farkon karni na 20, masana'antu a Amurka ya haifar da karuwar zina, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zanga. Bayanan zina sun jagoranci jaridar New York Evening Post zuwa ga ba'a:Mary had a little lamb,
And when she saw it sicken,
She shipped it off to Packingtown,
And now it's labeled chicken.Jeffrey M. Pilcher, Food in World History New York: Routledge, 2006, p. 59

 Abubuwan da suka faru 

 Dubi kuma 

 Hadarin da ke tattare da mutane
 Ana amfani da barasa na maye: abubuwa masu cutarwa waɗanda ake amfani da su a matsayin madadin abin sha mai barasa Rashin barasa: barasa wanda aka yi da gangan don hana amfani da shi na nishaɗi
 Rashin barasa: barasa wanda aka yi amfani da shi da gangan don hana amfani da shi na nishaɗi
 Rashin tsabta
 Abinci na karya
 Mai yanka

 Manazarta