Duwatsun Titiwangsa

Duwatsun Titiwangsa (Malay: Banjaran Titiwangsa, mai suna [ˈband͡ʒaˈran titiwaŋˈsa]), wanda aka fi sani da Banjaran Besar (lit. 'babban kewayon') ta mazauna yankin, shine jerin duwatsu waɗanda ke samar da kashin baya na Malay Peninsula. Yankin arewacin kewayon yana cikin Thai" id="mwKw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Thailand">kudancin Thailand, inda aka sani da Sankalakhiri Range (Thai; RTGS: Thio Khao Sankalakhiri; mai suna [thīw khǎw sǎn.kāːlāːkhīːrīː]).

Dutsen yana aiki ne a matsayin mai raba yanayi, yana raba Peninsular Malaysia, da kuma kudancin Thailand, zuwa yankunan gabas da yamma. Har ila yau, yana aiki ne a matsayin rarraba ruwa na wasu manyan koguna na Peninsular Malaysia kamar Pahang, Perak, Kelantan, Klang da Muar. Tsawon tsaunuka yana da kimanin kilomita 480 daga arewa zuwa kudu. 

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Wannan tsaunin yana daga cikin tsaunuka Tenasserim. Ya zama ɓangaren kudancin tsaunukan Indo-Malayan wanda ke gudana daga Tibet ta hanyar Kra Isthmus zuwa Malay Peninsula . Avijit Gupta, The Physical Geography of Southeast 0Asia, Oxford University Press, 2005. 

Duwatsun Titiwangsa da suka dace sun fara ne a arewa a matsayin Sankalakhiri Range, tsawo na Nakhon Si Thammarat Range wanda ya haɗa da ƙananan Pattani, Taluban, da Songkhla sub-ranges. Sankalakhiri ya nuna iyaka tsakanin lardunan Kudancin Thai na Yala a yamma da Narathiwat a gabas. A fadin iyaka zuwa Malaysia, babban sashi na kewayon yana gudana a arewa maso yammacin kudu maso gabas, yana kan iyakoki tsakanin jihohin yammacin Perak da Selangor tare da Kelantan da Pahang a gefen gabas na tsibirin. Daga tripoint na Pahang, Selangor da Negeri Sembilan kusa da Dutsen Nuang, sannan ya ratsa ta tsakiyar jihar Negeri Sembilan, kuma jihar gabar yamma, don haka ya raba jihar zuwa yankuna biyu - yammacin Negeri Sembilan، wanda ya ƙunshi gundumomin Seremban, Port Dickson da Rembau, da gabashin Negeri Sembilan. wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar Jelebu, Kuala Pilah, Jempol da Tampin - kuma ya ƙare a kudu kusa da garin Tampin,  a kudancin yankin. Yankin dutse na Titiwangsa, galibi wanda ya kunshi inselbergs, ya ci gaba da aiki a kudu zuwa Malacca, inda yake haɗuwa da ruwan Strait of Malacca a Pulau Besar . 

Gabaɗaya, mafi girman tsawo yana faruwa a arewacin da tsakiya na kewayon, tare da mafi girman ma'auni 2,183 m (7,162  a kan Gunung Korbu, Perak. A gefen Thai, mafi girman batu shine 1,533 m (5,026 ft) Ulu Titi Basah (ย__hau____hau____hau__) a kan iyakar Thai / Malaysia tsakanin lardin Yala da Perak .  A gefe guda, tsawo yana raguwa a hankali zuwa kudancin kewayon, wanda yafi gudana ta Negeri Sembilan, tare da tsawo daga 1,462 m (4,797 ft) a mafi girma a Dutsen Besar Hantu, a kan iyaka tsakanin jihar da Pahang, da kuma 1,193 m (3,914 ft) a Dutsen Telapak Buruk a kan iyakar tsakanin gundumomin Seremban da Jelebu zuwa mita 500-900 (1,600-3,000 ft).        

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Duwatsun Titiwangsa galibi suna da dutse. Tsawon tsaunuka wani bangare ne na Yankin sutura wanda ke gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu, yana farawa a Thailand a yankin sutura na Nan-Uttaradit (a wani bangare ya dace da kuskuren Dien Bien Phu), kuma yana fadada kudu zuwa Peninsular Malaysia (yanki na sutura na Bentong-Raub).  Rabin gabashin tsaunukan Titiwangsa a cikin Peninsular Malaysia haɗin ƙasa ne da aka sani da Cimmeria ko Indochina, yayin da rabin yamma shine haɗin ƙasa na Sinoburmalaya ko Sibumasu. Wadannan rabi biyu na terranes sun rabu da Paleo-Tethys Ocean.

Cimmeria ta rabu da Gondwana a kusa da 400 mya a lokacin Devonian kuma ta rabu zuwa Laurasia, hannun arewa maso gabashin Pangea. Ya haɗu da Laurasia gaba ɗaya a kusa da 280 mya a lokacin Late Permian .

Sibumasu terranes a gefe guda, kawai ya fara rabuwa da Gondwana a lokacin Farkon Permian kuma ya rabu zuwa Indochina. Rashin jituwa na Sibumasu terranes da Indochina terranes 200 mya a lokacin Late Triassic ya haifar da rufewar Tekun Paleo-Tethys da kuma kafa belin Dutsen Titiwangsa na zamani.

 Hadarin girgizar ƙasa 
Peninsular Malaysia, yayin da take da kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar fasaha, tana da tarihin girgizar ƙasa mai ratsa jiki, tare da mafi yawansu ba su da girma.  Yayin da sutuwar Bentong-Raub ke tafiya daidai da tsaunin Titiwangsa, babbar hanyar sadarwa ta layukan kuskure suna ratsa tsaunukan.  Sanannun manyan layukan kuskure a cikin tsaunuka sune Bukit Tinggi, Kuala Lumpur da layukan kuskure na Seremban, tare da biyun farko sune mafi yawan aiki.

Tsakanin 1984 zuwa 2013, an yi girgizar ƙasa daga 1.6 zuwa 4.6 akan ma'aunin Richter tare da yankunan karkara a tafkin Kenyir, Manjung, Temenggor, Bukit Tinggi da Kuala Pilah.  A matsayin matakin taka tsantsan, Ma'aikatar Ma'adanai da Geosciences ta kafa 23 Girgizar Kasa Benchmark (PAG, Malay: Penanda Aras Gempa) tashoshi a kusa da wuraren da girgizar kasa ke da alaƙa a cikin Peninsular Malaysia, tare da 13 a Pahang, shida a Selangor, da biyu kowanne a cikin Perak da Negeri Sembilan don saka idanu kan yuwuwar hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin.  Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa, Muhalli da Sauyin Yanayi (NRECC) ta kuma yi nuni da cewa, girgizar kasa mai karfi da ta ta'allaka a yankin Sumatra mai makwabtaka da Indonesia na iya haifar da kurakuran da suka dade a yankin Peninsular Malaysia kuma ana iya jin tasirin girgizar kasa a yankunan da ke gabar yammacin gabar tekun Malaysia.

 Abubuwan da ke ciki 
Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan tsaunin Titiwangsa sun kasance wani bangare na Rukunin Dajin Titiwangsa, wanda shi kansa wani bangare ne na babban yankin dajin dajin na tsakiya.  Yawancin hanyoyi da manyan tituna sun ratsa cikin tsaunukan dutsen, suna aiki yadda yakamata yayin da tsaunin ke wucewa suna haɗa ƙauyuka a kowane gefen kewayon.
Shahararrun wuraren shakatawa da yawa kamar Royal Belum, wuraren shakatawa na tsaunuka kamar Cameron Highlands, Genting Highlands da Fraser's Hill suna kan kewayon.

Biyu daga cikin manyan biranen ƙasar Malesiya suna kusa da gefen yammacin tsaunin, wato Greater Kuala Lumpur (mai martaba #1) da Kinta Valley (mai martaba #4).  Kinta Valley Geopark ya ƙunshi gabaɗayan kwarin Kinta, inda kegelkarst yanayin yanayin ya yadu.

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