Kogon Aroeira

Kogon Aroeira (  ) wuri ne na kayan tarihi da burbushin halittu a cikin Estremadura Limestone Massif na Portuguese . Kogon yana a ƙauyen Almonda, a cikin farar hula na Zibreira, a cikin gundumar Torres Novas a gundumar Santarém . Kogon ya ƙunshi duwatsu daga al'adun Acheulean Paleolithic, da kuma kwanyar Homo heidelbergensis, kusan shekaru 400,000. An sanar da gano Aroeira 3 a cikin bazara 2017 - farkon alamar ɗan adam a Portugal.Phys Org, March 13, 2017, 400,000-year-old fossil human cranium is oldest ever found in PortugalThe primitive man from Portugal, Article from 16 March 2017 des Hamburger Abendblatt, accessed on March 22, 2017    

 Bincike 
Kogon Aroeira wani bangare ne na tsarin Almonda- Karst, Wannan tsarin ya samo asali ne ta hanyoyin da aka tono a tudu daban-daban wadanda mahangansu tare da 70-m-high escarpment suna tashi sama da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na kogin Almonda, wani rafi na kogin Tagus, ya dace da kasusuwan burbushin halittu na tafarkinsa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. An rufe kofar shiga kogon gaba daya da rufin asiri a lokacin da aka fara aikin hakowa a shekarar 1998.Joan Daura Archived 2017-03-18 at the Wayback Machine et al.: New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal). In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) Online pre-release of 13 March 2017. 

Adadin da ke cikin kogon ya kai kimanin mita hudu kauri kuma an karkasa su zuwa nau'i nau'i. Nazari daban-daban masu zaman kansu sun bayyana shekaru kusan shekaru 400,000, saboda gano matakin isotope oxygen MIS 11c. Kwanan kuɗin ajiya na baya-bayan nan a cikin kogon an tsara shi zuwa shekaru 60,000 zuwa shekaru 40,000 (MIS 3c).

 Binciken farko: Aroeira 1 da Aroeira 2 
An fara bincika kogon Aroeira daga 1998 – 2002 yana nuna babban taron lithic tare da Acheulean bifaces da ke da alaƙa da ragowar faunal da haƙoran ɗan adam guda biyu: Aroeira 1 ( canine mandibular hagu) da Aroeira 2 ( maxillary na uku na hagu). Aroeira 1 yana da matsakaicin girma kuma Aroeira 2 yana cikin mafi girma na Pleistocene na tsakiya na sama na dama na uku. Sun dace da ilimin halittar jiki a cikin sanannen bambance-bambancen hakora na Pleistocene na Tsakiyar Turai, kodayake Aroeira 2 yana da babban hypocone . 

Ragowar faunal sun tarwatse sosai, galibi sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓun haƙora, ɓangarorin haƙora, ƙasusuwan carpal/tarsal, da guntun tururuwa. Abubuwan da aka gano sun haɗa da barewa da equids galibi, amma har da karkanda, bear da babban bovid (Bos/Bison), caprid, da kunkuru Testudo . 

 Ariya 3 
Sabunta aikin filin a cikin 2013, mai da hankali kan kafa tarihin jeri ta hanyar U-jerin dating na ma'ajin ma'auni na ruwa, ya haifar da gano wani ɗan adam da aka kiyaye shi (Aroeira 3) wanda ke cikin breccia mai wuya zuwa ga tushen jerin. An kai katangar da ke ɗauke da babban ɓangaren cranium da ɓangarorin da aka ware zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na Karewa da Maidowa a Jami'ar Complutense na Madrid don ƙarin shiri.

An dawo da cranium a cikin shekaru biyu. Kodayake an yi muhawara game da ainihin haraji, wasu mawallafa sun fi son rukuni na Aroeira 3 tare da sauran burbushin Pleistocene na tsakiya daga Afirka da Asiya a cikin wani nau'i na daban, Homo heidelbergensis.Joan Daura Archived 2017-03-18 at the Wayback Machine et al.: New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal). In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) Online pre-release of 13 March 2017. 

 Manazarta