Ilimi na kimiyya

ilimin>kimiyya' ko ilimin kimiyya ya ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce, lambobi, da ilimin dijital kamar yadda suka shafi fahimtar kimiyya, hanyoyinta, lura, da ka'idoji. Ilimin kimiyya ya fi damuwa da fahimtar Hanyar kimiyya, raka'a da hanyoyin aunawa, kwarewa da fahimtar kididdiga a cikin takamaiman alaƙa da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga, da kuma fahimtar mahimman fannoni na kimiyya, kamar su kimiyyar lissafi, ilmin sunadarai, ilmin halitta, ilimin muhalli, ilimin ƙasa da lissafi.

 Ma'anar 
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Framework (2015) ya bayyana ilimin kimiyya'' a matsayin "ikon shiga cikin batutuwan da suka shafi kimiyya, da kuma ra'ayoyin kimiyya, a matsayin ɗan ƙasa mai tunani. "  Mutumin da ya iya karatu da kimiyya, sabili da haka, yana shirye ya shiga cikin jawabin da ya dace game da kimiyya da fasaha wanda ke buƙatar ƙwarewa ga:

 Bayyana abubuwan da suka faru ta hanyar kimiyya - ganewa, bayarwa da kimanta bayanai don kewayon abubuwan da suka shafi halitta da fasaha.
 Bincike da tsara binciken kimiyya - bayyanawa da kimanta binciken kimiyya da kuma ba da shawarar hanyoyin magance tambayoyin kimiyya.
 Fassara bayanai da shaidu ta hanyar kimiyya - bincika da kimanta bayanai, da'awar da muhawara a cikin wakilci daban-daban da kuma zana ƙididdigar kimiyya mai dacewa.

A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Amurka, "ƙwarewar kimiyya shine ilimin da fahimtar ra'ayoyin kimiyya da hanyoyin da ake buƙata don yanke shawara na mutum, shiga cikin al'amuran jama'a da al'adu, da kuma yawan tattalin arziki". An bayyana mutumin da ya iya karatu da ilimi a fannin kimiyya a matsayin wanda ke da ikon:

 Fahimtar, gwaji, da Dalilin da kuma fassara gaskiyar kimiyya da ma'anar su.
 Tambaya, gano, ko tantance amsoshin tambayoyin da aka samo daga son sani game da abubuwan da suka faru a yau da kullun.
 Bayyanawa, bayyanawa, da kuma hango abubuwan da suka faru na halitta.
 Karanta labarai tare da fahimtar kimiyya a cikin shahararrun manema labarai kuma shiga cikin tattaunawar zamantakewa game da inganci ƙaddamarwa.
 Gano batutuwan kimiyya da ke haifar da yanke shawara na kasa da na gida da kuma bayyana matsayi waɗanda aka sanar da kimiyya da fasaha.
 Bincika ingancin bayanan kimiyya bisa tushen sa da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don samar da shi.
 Pose da kimanta muhawara bisa ga shaidu da kuma amfani da kammalawa daga irin waɗannan muhawara yadda ya kamata.

Hakanan ana iya bayyana ilimin kimiyya a cikin harshe mai kama da ma'anar ilimin teku,  ilimin kimiyyar duniya  da ilimin yanayi.  Don haka mutum mai ilimin kimiyya zai iya:

 Tarihi 
Sauye-sauye a <i id="mwZQ">ilimin kimiyya</i> a Amurka galibi ana haifar da su ne ta hanyar kalubalen dabarun kamar ƙaddamar da tauraron dan adam na Sputnik a cikin 1957 da kuma bunkasa Tattalin arzikin Japan a cikin shekarun 1980.  Paul Hurd ne ya gabatar da kalmar ilimin kimiyya a shekarar 1958,  lokacin da ya zargi cewa matsalar da ke faruwa a ilimi ita ce "ɗaya daga cikin rufe gibin tsakanin wadatar nasarorin kimiyya da talauci na ilimin kimiyya a Amurka".  Ga Hurd, saurin kirkire-kirkire a kimiyya da fasaha sun buƙaci ilimi "wanda ya dace don fuskantar ƙalubalen juyin juya halin kimiyya mai tasowa".  Tushen kiran Hurd shine ra'ayin "cewa wasu ƙwarewar kimiyya sune shiri mai mahimmanci ga rayuwar zamani". 

Ma'anar farko na ilimin kimiyya sun haɗa da bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da ya kamata mutane su fahimta, sau da yawa suna bin layin gargajiya (biology, chemistry, physics). An bayyana kimiyyar duniya a matsayin fadada hanyoyin ilimin ƙasa. A cikin shekaru goma bayan waɗannan takardun farko, masana kimiyya da malamai na teku sun sake fasalin ra'ayin ilimin kimiyya don haɗawa da ra'ayoyin zamani, tsarin tsarin tsarin duniya, wanda ke haifar da shirye-shiryen ilimin kimiyya don teku, yanayi, kimiyyar ƙasa, da sauransu. 

Wasu suna jaddada muhimmancin "ka'idoji" wanda ke ba da damar shiga cikin muhawara da al'ummomi na kimiyya. Muhimman ka'idoji sune cewa abubuwan lura da ra'ayoyin binciken kimiyya suna daga cikin tsarin da aka raba ta al'umma; cewa ra'ayoyi suna da mahimmanci, ba matsayin mutumin da ke furta su ba; cewa abin da ke da mahimmanci shine shaidar rashin son rai, ba sakamakon da ake so ba; kuma cewa maganganun da suka wuce abubuwan lura ya kamata a gwada su.

Kwanan nan, kira ga "karatun kimiyya" sun gano bayanan da ba daidai ba da kuma bayanan da ba gaskiya ba ne a matsayin haɗari. Sun ba da shawarar cewa ilimin kimiyyar jama'a, ilimin kimiyyyar kafofin watsa labarai na dijital, da ilimin kimiyya duk mahimman abubuwa ne na ilimi, idan mutane za a sanar da su ta hanyar kimiyya kuma su shiga cikin yanke shawara na mutum da na rukuni a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya.

y.Kwatanta ra'ayoyin 'yan ƙasa da masana kimiyya ta Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta nuna cewa suna da matsayi daban-daban a kan batutuwan kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha. Dukkanin 'yan ƙasa da masana kimiyya suna kimanta ilimin K-12 STEM a Amurka mara kyau.
Manazarta