Girman Gurasa da Ale

The Assize of Bread and Ale (Latin: Assisa panis et cervisiae) (Stat. <i id="mwDw">Temp. Incert</i>) was a 13th-century law in high medieval England, which regulated the price, weight and quality of the bread and beer manufactured and sold in towns, villages and hamlets. It was the first law in British history to regulate the production and sale of food. At the local level, this resulted in regulatory licensing systems, with arbitrary recurring fees, and fines and punishments for lawbreakers (see amercement). In rural areas, the statute was enforced by manorial lords, who held tri-weekly court sessions.

The law was amended by the Bread Bread Acts of 1822 and 1836, which stipulated that loaves should be sold by the pound, or multiple thereof, and finally repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 (26 &amp; 27 Vict. c. 125).

 Tarihi 
Dokar gurasa ita ce mafi mahimmancin doka ta kasuwanci mai tsawo a Ingila ta zamani. Dokar gurasar gurasa ta farko ta samo asali ne daga karni na 13, amma asalinsa ya fi tsufa. Ana iya gano wannan dokar zuwa ga sanarwa daga mulkin Henry II da John waɗanda suka tsara bukatun sayen gidan sarauta.

Wadannan assizes sun daidaita nauyin burodi bisa ga farashin alkama. Farashin burodi koyaushe iri ɗaya ne, duk da cewa farashin hatsi ya canza. Maimakon haka, lokacin da farashin hatsi ya karu, an rage nauyin burodi daidai. Ga kowane karuwa a farashin alkama, nauyin burodi ya faɗi. Assize na Gurasa da Ale sun saita farashin ale da nauyin burodi na farthing. Dokar ta rage gasa kuma an ba da ita ne bisa buƙatar masu yin burodi na Coventry, suna rungumar dokoki da yawa na magabata Henry III.

 Yanayin tattalin arziki 
Kayan aiki masu tsada da ke da alaƙa da yin giya da yin burodi, musamman ma tanda, sun haifar da kasuwar kasuwanci don kayayyaki. Wannan ya haifar da buƙatar ƙa'idodin da ke sarrafa inganci da farashi, da kuma bincika nauyi, don kauce wa ayyukan zamba daga masu samar da abinci.

 Bayyanawa 
Wasu sassan dokar sun hada da sakin layi na uku wanda ya fara:

 Gurasar 
Asisi ya gabatar da ma'auni da aka kafa, sannan na tsohuwar matsayi, tsakanin farashin alkama da na burodi, yana ba da cewa lokacin da aka sayar da kwata (~ 240 L / 6.9 US bushel idan an dauki galan ya zama galan ruwan inabi) na alkama a pence goma sha biyu, gurasar farthing ta fi kyau ya kamata ta auna fam shida shillings (~ 2.5 kg / 5.6 lb Avdp idan an dauki fam ya zama fam troy pound). Daga nan sai ya kammala nauyin burodi bisa ga farashin alkama, kuma ga kowane pence shida da aka kara zuwa kwata na alkama, an rage nauyin burodi na farthing; har sai, lokacin da alkama ya kasance a shillings ashirin a kwata, ya ba da umarnin nauyin burodi ya zama shillings shida da pence uku (~ 120 g / 4.1 oz avdp).  

 Ale 
A cikin irin wannan hanyar, assize ya tsara farashin galan na ale, ta farashin alkama, sha'ir, da oats, yana mai cewa,A tsawon lokaci, wannan daidaitattun farashi ya haifar da damar da za a iya amfani da ita wanda ya sa ya zama mai matukar damuwa da zalunci; kuma ta hanyar Dokar Brewers da Coopers ta 1531 (23 Hen. 8. c. 4) a cikin karni na 16, an kafa cewa masu shayarwa ya kamata su caji farashin su kamar yadda zai iya zama da kyau kuma ya isa a cikin ikon alƙalai na zaman lafiya a cikin ikon su inda masu shayar da giya ke zaune. Farashin ale an tsara shi ta hanyar tanadi kamar waɗanda aka bayyana a sama, kuma jami'an tsohuwar zamani ne suka tabbatar da ingancin, wanda ake kira gustatores cervisiae, wato, "aletasters" ko ale-conners, waɗanda aka zaba kowace shekara a cikin kotun-let na kowane manor, kuma an rantse su "don bincika da gwada giya da ale, da kuma kula da cewa suna da kyau da lafiya, kuma sayar da su a farashi mai kyau bisa ga assize; da kuma gabatar da duk laifuffukan masu shayar giya ga kotun na gaba".

 Tasirin 
Wataƙila asize ya haifar da kalmar 'masu yin burodi' kamar yadda masu yin burodi za su haɗa da ƙarin burodi don tabbatar da cewa ba su keta doka ba.

 Abubuwan da suka biyo baya 
An soke dukkan dokar ga Ingila da Wales ta sashi na 1 na, da kuma jadawalin zuwa, Dokar Binciken Dokar 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 125) da kuma Ireland ta sashi 1 na, kuma jadawalan zuwa, Dokar Dokar (Ireland) Binciken 1872 (35 & 36 Vict.

 Dubi kuma 

 Sauran Ayyuka da Ma'auni na TuranciAyyukan Ma'auni da Ma'aunin Ingilishi
 Magana mai kyau
 Kamfanin Mai Girma na Masu Yin Yin Yin Yin Fetur

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba