Tsibirin Kuril

Tsibirin Kuril ko Tsibirin Kurile  tsibiran tsibiri ne mai aman wuta da ake gudanarwa a matsayin wani yanki na yankin Sakhalin a Gabas mai Nisa na Rasha .  Tsibirin sun shimfiɗa kusan  arewa maso gabas daga Hokkaido a Japan zuwa Kamchatka Peninsula a Rasha, ya raba Tekun Okhotsk daga arewacin Tekun Pacific . Akwai tsibirai 56 da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa. Tsibirin Kuril sun ƙunshi Babban Sarkar Kuril kuma, a ƙarshen kudu maso yamma, daidaitaccen Sarkar Kuril Karamin .  Ƙungiya mai suna 'Kuril Kudu' ta ƙunshi na Ƙarƙashin Kuril Sarkar tare da Kunashir da Iturup a cikin Babban Kuril Sarkar. Mashigin Vries tsakanin Iturup da Urup shine layin Miyabe wanda ke raba Kuril Arewa da Kudu. Tsibirin Kuril sun mamaye fadin fadin kasa ,  tare da yawan jama'a kusan 20,000. 

Tsibirin na karkashin gwamnatin Rasha ne tun bayan mamayewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1945 a kusa da karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Kasar Japan ta yi ikirarin tsibirai hudu na kudu, wadanda suka hada da biyu daga cikin manyan uku ( Iturup da Kunashir ), a matsayin wani bangare na yankinta, da Shikotan da tsibiran Habomai da ba su da yawan jama'a, wanda ya haifar da takaddamar tsibirin Kuril . An san tsibiran da ake takaddama a kai a Japan da sunan "Yankunan Arewa". 

 Etymology 
Sunan Kuril ya samo asali ne daga sunan da ɗan asalin Ainu ya yi amfani da shi ga tsibiran, kur, ma'ana 'mutum'. Hakanan yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sunaye na wasu tsibiran waɗanda  mutanen Ainu suke zama kamar Kuyi ko Kuye na Sakhalin da Kai na Hokkaido . A cikin Jafananci, ana kiran tsibirin Kuril da tsibiran Chishima ( Kanji :, lit. '   ), da kuma a matsayin tsibirin Kuriru ( Katakana da Kanji:  ). Da 'yan Rasha suka gano tsibiran a ƙarni na 18, sai suka ƙirƙiri wani ƙa'idar ƙa'idar da aka samo daga  na Rasha.  'don shan taba' saboda dawwamammen tulu masu aman wuta da ke fitowa daga tsibiran' volcanoes masu kama da hayaki.

 Geography da yanayi 
Tsibirin Kuril sun kasance wani ɓangare na zoben rashin kwanciyar hankali na tectonic da ke kewaye da Tekun Fasifik da ake kira Zoben Wuta . Tsibiran da kansu manyan kololu ne na manyan tukwane da ke faruwa kai tsaye sakamakon rugujewar Tekun Pasifik a karkashin Plate Okhotsk, wanda ya zama mashigar Kuril mai nisan  gabas na tsibiran. Sarkar tana da kusan tsaunuka 100, wasu 40 daga cikinsu suna aiki, da maɓuɓɓugan zafi da yawa da fumaroles . Ana yawan gudanar da girgizar ƙasa, gami da girgizar ƙasa mai girman awo 8.5 a 1963 da ma'aunin ma'aunin 8.3 da aka rubuta a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006, wanda ya haifar da igiyar igiyar ruwa ta tsunami har zuwa  isa gabar tekun California .  Tsibirin Raikoke, kusa da tsakiyar tsibiran, yana da wani dutse mai ƙarfi wanda ya sake fashe a watan Yunin 2019, wanda hayaƙi ya kai  .

 Tarihi 

 Tarihin farko 
Mutanen Ainu sun zauna a tsibirin Kuril tun daga farko, ko da yake 'yan rubuce-rubuce sun kasance kafin karni na 17. Daga zamanin Kamakura zuwa zamanin Muromachi, akwai mutanen Ezo (Ainu) da ake kira Hinomoto daga Tekun Pacific na Hokkaido zuwa yankin Kuril, kuma Mista Ando, Ezo Sateshiku da Ezo Kanrei, ne ke kula da wannan ("Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba"). An ce lokacin da rikici ya barke a Ezogashima, ya tura sojoji daga Tsugaru. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da Kanto Gomensen, wanda ke kiran kansa da Ando Suigun, kuma yana da tushe a Jusanminato ("Kaisen Shikimoku"), yana ba da kayayyakin Japan ga Ezo da kuma sayen kayayyaki masu yawa na arewa tare da jigilar su a cikin ƙasa. ("Tituna Goma sha Uku").Ƙabilar Matsumae, mai mulkin ƙasar Japan, ta sami 'yancin kai daga dangin Ando (iyalin Goro Ando). Gwamnatin Jafananci ta fara ɗaukar ikon mallakar tsibiran ne a lokacin Edo (1603-1868) ta hanyar da'awar dangin Matsumae .  Taswirar Shōhō Era na Japan ( Shōhō kuni ezu  ), taswirar Japan da Tokugawa Shogunate ya yi a 1644 , [ ] manyan tsibirai 39 a arewa maso gabashin Hokkaido's Shiretoko Peninsula da Cape Nosappu . Wani balaguro na Dutch karkashin Maarten Gerritsz Vries ya binciko tsibiran a 1643. Fedot Alekseyevich Popov ya shiga cikin yankin  .  Cossacks na Rasha sun sauka a Shumshu a cikin 1711. 

 Jerin manyan tsibiran 
Duk da yake a cikin tushen Rasha An ambaci tsibiran a karo na farko a cikin 1646, mai binciken Vladimir Atlasov ya ba da cikakken bayani game da su a cikin 1697. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da farkon 19th, an bincika tsibirin Kuril: Danila Antsiferov, I. Kozyrevsky, Ivan Yevreinov  , Fyon Span, Fyo, da Kuril Islands. Krusenstern, Vasily Golovnin, da Henry James Snow.Teburin mai zuwa ya jera bayanai kan manyan tsibiran daga arewa zuwa kudu: 
IslandRussian nameJapanese nameAinu nameIsland GroupAdministrative centre /Other settlementsAreaSevero-Kurilsky DistrictNorth Kurils (Kita-chishima / 北千島)Severo-KurilskShelikovo, Podgorny, Baikovo2,560ShumshuШумшу  Shumushu-tō*SumusuNorth KurilsBaikovo20AtlasovАтласова  Araido-tōOyakopa [Oyakoba]Alaidskaya Bay0ParamushirПарамушир  Paramushiru-tō, Horomushiro-tōParamusirSevero-KurilskShelikovo, Podgorny2,540AntsiferovАнциферова  Shirinki-tōSirinkiAntsiferov beachCape Terkut0MakanrushiМаканруши  Makanru-tō[uncertain]Zakat0AwosАвось Avosʹ  Hokake-iwaHainoko0OnekotanОнекотан  Onwakotan-tōOnekotanMusselKuroisi, Nemo, Shestakov0HarimkotanХаримкотан Kharimkotan  Harimukotan-tō, Harumukotan-tōHarimkotan, Haruomakotan, KarinkotanSunazhmaSevergin Bay0EkarmaЭкарма  Ekaruma-tōEkarmausiKruglyy0ChirinkotanЧиринкотан CirinkotanCape Ptichy0ShiashkotanШиашкотан  Shasukotan-tō*SiaskotanMakarovka0Lowuschki Rocks (Lowuschki-Felsen)Ловушки Lovushki  Mushiru-retsuganMusir0RaikokeРайкоке  Raikoke-tōRaikokeRaikoke0MatuaМатуа  Matsuwa-tōMatuaSarychevo0RasshuaРасшуа  Rashowa-tōuncertain; thought to be Rusoa and RuskorkeArches Point0SredniiСреднего Srednego  Suride-iwaKankan-kaipe0UshishirУшишир  Ushishiru-tōUshishirKraternyaRyponkicha0KetoyКетой  Ketoi-tōuncertain; possibly KeutoiStorozheva0Kurilsky DistrictMiddle Kurils (Naka-chishima / 中千島), split between the island groupsKurilskReidovo, Kitovyi, Rybaki, Goryachiye Klyuchi, Kasatka, Burevestnik, Shumi-Gorodok, Gornyy6,606SimushirСимушир  Shimushiru-tō, Shinshiru-tōNorth KurilsKraternyySrednaya bay0BroutonaБроутона  Buroton-tōMakanrurNedostupnyy0ChirpoyЧирпой  Chirihoi-tō; ChierupoiPeschanaya Bay0Brat ChirpoyevБрат Чирпоев  Chirihoinan-jimaGarovnikovaSemenova0UrupУруп  Uruppu-tōMys KastrikumMys Van-der-Lind0Other0IturupИтуруп  Etorofu-tō; IetorupuSouth Kurils (Minami-chishima / 南千島)KurilskReidovo, Kitovyi, Rybaki, Goryachiye Klyuchi, Kasatka, Burevestnik, Shumi-Gorodok, Gornyy6,602Yuzhno-Kurilsky DistrictSouth KurilsYuzhno-KurilskMalokurilskoye, Rudnaya, Lagunnoye, Otrada, Goryachiy Plyazh, Aliger, Mendeleyevo, Dubovoye, Polino, Golovnino10,268KunashirКунашир  Kunashiri-tōRudnaya, Lagunnoye, Otrada, Goryachiy Plyazh, Aliger, Mendeleyevo, Dubovoye, Polino, Golovnino7,800ShikotanШикотан  Shikotan-tōMalokurilskoyeDumnova, Otradnaya, Krabozavodskoye (formerly Anama), Zvezdnaya, Voloshina, Kray Sveta2,440OtherAyvazovskovo0HabomaiХабомаи Khabomai  Habomai-guntōHapomai [Habomai]ZorkiyZelyony, Polonskogo28PolonskyПолонского  Taraku-tōMoriakov Bay station2OskolkiОсколки  Kaiba-tō, Todo-jimaToto-musir [Todo-mushir] 0ZelenyЗелёный Zelyonyy  Shibotsu-tōGlushnevskyi station3DyominХаркар Kharkar  Harukaru-tōHarkar-kotan, Harkar-musirHaruka0YuriЮрий Yuriy  Yuri-tōUriru or YuwaroKalernaya0AnuchinАнучина Anuchina  Akiyuri-tōBolshoye Bay0TanfilyevТанфильев Tanfilʹev  Suishō-jimaZorkiyTanfilyevka Bay, Bolotnoye23MoemoshiriСторожевой Storozhevoy  Moemoshiri-tō0OdokeРифовый Rifovyyオドケ島 Odoke-jima0KaigaraСигнальный Signalʹnyy  Kaigara-jimaKaikarai0OtherOpasnaya, Udivitelnaya0Total:19,434

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba