Tsarin 1

Formula One (F1) ita ce mafi girman aji na tsari duniya don motocin tsere motoci masu hawa ɗaya waɗanda Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta ba da izini. Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIA ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan wasanni na duniya tun lokacin da aka fara gudanar da ita a 1950 kuma galibi ana daukar ta a matsayin mafi girman Wasan motsa jiki. Kalmar da ke cikin sunan tana nufin saitin dokoki duk motocin da suka halarci dole ne su bi. Lokacin Formula One ya ƙunshi jerin tseren, wanda aka sani da Grands Prix . Grand Prix suna faruwa a kasashe da nahiyoyi da yawa a ko dai da'irori da aka gina ko kuma hanyoyin da aka rufe.

Ana amfani da tsarin zira kwallaye a Grands Prix don tantance gasar zakarun duniya ta shekara-shekara guda biyu: daya ga direbobi, kuma daya ga masu ginawa - yanzu daidai da ƙungiyoyi. Kowane direba dole ne ya riƙe lasisin Super mai inganci, mafi girman aji na lasisin tseren batutuwan FIA, kuma dole ne a gudanar da tseren a kan Waƙoƙi na Ɗaya, mafi girman darajar batutuwan PIA don waƙoƙoƙi.

Motocin Formula One sune motocin tseren hanya mafi sauri a duniya, saboda saurin kusurwa da aka samu ta hanyar samar da adadi mai yawa na iska, mafi yawansu ana samar da su ta hanyar fuka-fuki na gaba da na baya, da kuma bututun karkashin jiki. Motocin sun dogara da kayan lantarki, Airodynamics, dakatarwar, da tayoyi. An fara dakatar da sarrafawa, sarrafawa, sauyawa ta atomatik, da sauran kayan aikin tuki na lantarki a cikin 1994. An sake gabatar da su a takaice a cikin 2001 amma an sake dakatar da su a cikin 2004 da 2008, bi da bi.

With the average annual cost of running a team—e.g., designing, building, and maintaining cars; staff payroll; transport—at approximately £193 million as of 2018, Formula One's financial and political battles are widely reported. The Formula One Group is owned by Liberty Media, which acquired it in 2017 for US$8 billion. The United Kingdom is the hub of Formula One racing, with six out of the ten teams based there.

 Tarihi 
Formula One ta samo asali ne daga Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya (1925-1930) da Gasar Cin Kungiyar Turai (1931-1939). <i id="mwTQ">tsari</i> tsari ne na ka'idojin da duk motocin mahalarta dole ne su bi. Formula One wani tsari ne da aka amince da shi a 1946 don yin tasiri a hukumance a 1947. Grand Prix na farko daidai da sabbin ka'idoji shine Grand Prix na Turin na 1946, yana tsammanin farawar hukuma. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II, yawancin kungiyoyin tseren Grand Prix sun ba da shawarwari don sabon zakara don maye gurbin Gasar Turai, amma saboda dakatar da tseren a lokacin rikici, sabon Formula na Duniya don motoci bai zama tsari ba har sai 1946, don ya zama mai tasiri a 1947. An kafa sabon Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya don farawa a shekarar 1950.

The first world championship race, the 1950 British Grand Prix, took place at Silverstone Circuit in the United Kingdom on 13 May 1950. Giuseppe Farina, competing for Alfa Romeo, won the first Drivers' World Championship, narrowly defeating his teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. Fangio won the championship in 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1957. This set the record for the most World Championships won by a single driver, a record that stood for 46 years until Michael Schumacher won his sixth championship in 2003.
An kara gasar zakarun masu ginawa a kakar 1958. Stirling Moss, duk da sau da yawa ana daukar shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan direbobin Formula One a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, bai taba lashe gasar Formula One ba. Tsakanin 1955 da 1961, Moss ya kammala na biyu a gasar sau hudu kuma na uku sauran sau uku. Fangio ya lashe 24 daga cikin 52 da ya shiga - har yanzu rikodin mafi girman Formula One wanda direba ya lashe.

Masu gabatar da kara sun kuma gudanar da tseren bin ka'idojin Formula One a waje da gasar na shekaru da yawa. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sau da yawa suna faruwa a da'irorin da ba koyaushe suka dace da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ba kuma sun nuna motoci da direbobi na gida da waɗanda ke fafatawa a gasar. Misali, gasar zakarun Formula One ta Afirka ta Kudu daga 1960 zuwa 1975 ta yi amfani da motocin da aka gina ko aka gyara a cikin gida ban da motocin zakarun duniya da suka yi ritaya kwanan nan. Hakazalika, Gasar Formula One ta Burtaniya ta yi amfani da motoci na biyu daga masana'antun kamar Lotus da Fittipaldi Automotive da aka haɗa da DFV daga 1978 zuwa 1980.  Karin farashin gasar, duk da haka, ya sa irin wannan gasa ba ta zama ruwan dare a cikin shekarun 1970s. 1983 ya ga tseren Formula One na karshe wanda ba na gasar ba; tseren zakarun Turai na 1983 a Brands Hatch, wanda ya lashe ta hanyar Keke Rosberg mai mulki a Williams-Cosworth a cikin gwagwarmaya ta kusa da Amurka Danny Sullivan.
Babban ci gaban fasaha na farko a cikin jerin shine gabatarwar Bugatti na motoci masu matsakaicin injiniya. Jack Brabham, zakaran duniya a 1959, 1960, da 1966, nan da nan ya tabbatar da fifiko na tsakiyar injiniya akan duk sauran matsayi na injiniya. A shekara ta 1961, duk kungiyoyin sun sauya zuwa motoci masu matsakaicin injiniya. Ferguson P99, ƙirar motar ƙafa huɗu, ita ce motar Formula One ta ƙarshe da ta shiga tseren zakarun duniya. Ya shiga gasar Grand Prix ta Burtaniya ta 1961, motar da ke gaba ce kawai don yin gasa a wannan shekarar.

A cikin 1962, Lotus ya gabatar da mota tare da chassis na aluminum-sheet monocoque maimakon ƙirar sararin samaniya na gargajiya. Wannan ya zama babbar ci gaban fasaha tun lokacin da aka gabatar da motocin tsakiyar injiniya.

A shekara ta 1968, An gabatar da tallafi ga wasanni. Team Gunston ya zama tawagar farko da ta gudanar da tallafin sigari a kan motocinsa Brabham, wanda ya shiga cikin launuka na orange, launin ruwan kasa da zinariya na sigari na Gunston a cikin Grand Prix na Afirka ta Kudu na 1968 a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1968.  Watanni biyar bayan haka, Lotus, da farko ta amfani da kore mai tsere na Burtaniya, ta bi wannan misali lokacin da ta shiga motocin da aka fentin su da ja, zinariya, da fararen launuka na livery na Gold Leaf na Imperial Tobacco a 1968 Spanish Grand Prix. 

Airodynamic downforce sannu a hankali ya sami mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar mota tare da bayyanar aerofoils a lokacin kakar 1968. Mai mallakar Lotus, Colin Chapman, ne ya gabatar da fuka-fukan, wanda ya shigar da fukafukan gaba masu kyau da kuma spoiler na baya a kan Lotus 49B a 1968 Monaco Grand Prix. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970s, Lotus ya gabatar da tasirin iska na ƙasa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a baya a kan Jim Hall's Chaparral 2J a cikin 1970, wanda ya ba da babbar ƙarfi kuma ya kara saurin kusurwa sosai. Sojojin da ke matsawa motocin zuwa hanya sun kai sau biyar na nauyin motar. A sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu tsayi sosai don kula da tsayin hawa na yau da kullun, yana barin dakatarwa kusan mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana nufin cewa direbobin sun dogara gaba ɗaya akan tayoyin don kowane ƙaramin adadi na cushioning na mota da direba daga rashin daidaito na hanya.

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