Tarihin bautar Bayi a Virginia

Bautar a Virginia ta fara ne tare da kamawa da bautar 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a farkon kwanakin mulkin mallaka na Ingila na Virginia da kuma ƙarshen ƙarni na sha takwas. Sun yi aiki da farko a gonakin taba. An fara kawo 'yan Afirka zuwa mulkin mallaka na Virginia a cikin 1619, lokacin da' yan Afirka 20 daga Angola ta yanzu suka isa Virginia a cikin jirgin The White Lion .

Yayin da cinikin bayi ya karu, an tilasta wa bayi su yi aiki a manyan gonaki, inda aikin su na kyauta ya sa masu gonaki shuka wadata. Virginia mai mulkin mallaka ya zama haɗuwa da 'yan asalin ƙasar Algonquin, Turanci, sauran Turawa, da' yan Afirka ta Yamma, kowannensu yana kawo nasu harshe, al'adu, da al'adu. A ƙarni na goma sha takwas, masu mallakar gonar sun kasance aristocracy na Virginia. Har ila yau, akwai wani rukuni na fararen mutanen da ke kula da aikin bayi, da kuma wani rukuni mafi talauci na fararen da ke gasa don aiki tare da baƙi da aka 'yantar.

aba sigari shine mahimmin fitarwa na mulkin mallaka a karni na sha bakwai. Kiwon bayi da Kasuwanci a hankali sun zama masu riba fiye da fitar da taba a cikin karni na sha takwas zuwa cikin karni na goma sha tara. Baƙar fata mutane sune mafi riba da riba daga Virginia, kuma an haifi baƙar fata mata don kara yawan bayi don cinikin bayi.

A shekara ta 1661, Babban Taron Virginia ya zartar da dokar farko da ta ba da damar kowane mutum mai 'yanci ya mallaki bayi. Cunkushewa da kuma fargabar aikin Bautar da aka yi amfani da shi shine batun dokar 1672. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol7/pp404-417 An ba da ƙarin dokoki game da bautar 'yan Afirka a ƙarni na goma sha bakwai kuma an tsara su cikin dokar bawa ta farko ta Virginia a cikin 1705. A tsawon lokaci, dokoki sun kara hana haƙƙoƙi da dama ga bayi, kuma suna tallafawa bukatun masu bautar.

Fiye da shekaru 200, bayi sun fuskanci abubuwa masu ban tsoro, kamar cin zarafin jiki, fyade, rabuwa da dangin, rashin abinci, da kuma ƙasƙanci. Dokoki sun ƙuntata ikon su na koyon karatu da rubutu, don kada su iya samun littattafai ko Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Dole ne su nemi izini don barin gonar, kuma za su iya barin sa'o'i kaɗan kawai. A farkon lokacin da aka kama su a Amurka, idan suna so su halarci coci, an raba su da fararen masu ikilisiya a cikin majami'u masu fari, ko kuma dole ne su haɗu a asirce a cikin dazuzzuka saboda ba a yarda baƙi su haɗu cikin rukuni ba, har sai daga baya lokacin da suka sami damar kafa majami'un baƙi. Mafi munin wahalar ita ce a raba su da dangin lokacin da aka sayar da su; saboda haka, sun haɓaka hanyoyin magance su, kamar juriya, da ƙirƙirar waƙoƙin aiki don jimre wa kwanakin wahala a cikin filayen. Ta haka ne suka kirkiro nasu salon kiɗa, gami da kiɗa na Black Gospel da Waƙoƙin baƙin ciki.

Bauta
'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka

Bayan 'yan Afirka na farko sun isa Jamestown a cikin 1619, an sami bautar da sauran nau'ikan bautar a duk yankunan Ingila; wasu' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun bautar Ingila, tare da wasu masu bautar da ke da bayi na Afirka da na 'yan asalin Amurka,https://books.google.com/books?id=9vfSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 waɗanda ke aiki a gonakin taba. Dokokin game da bautar 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun yi tsalle tsakanin ƙarfafawa da hana bautar. Adadin 'yan asalin da aka bautar ya kai kololuwa a ƙarshen karni na sha bakwai.

Mulkin mallaka na Virginia ya kawo karshen bautar Indiya a shekara ta 1705. Wannan aikin ya riga ya ragu saboda 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka na iya tserewa zuwa yankin da aka saba da shi, kuma sun sha wahala daga sabbin cututtukan cututtuka da masu mulkin mallaka suka gabatar, daga cikinsu waɗannan sun kasance masu yaduwa. Cinikin bayi na Atlantic ya fara samar da fursunonin Afirka da yawa don maye gurbin su a matsayin ma'aikata. Bautar 'yan asalin ƙasar ta ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na sha takwas; a ƙarni na goma sha tara, an haɗa su a cikin al'ummomin Afirka ko kuma suna da 'yanci.https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/indian-enslavement-in-virginia/

An dauki 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin adadi mafi girma a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Ingilishi da' yan asalin Amurka. Sun kai hari ko kuma sun yi yaƙi da juna na tsawon shekaru, wani bangare saboda rashin abinci na mutanen Ingila da kuma wahalar 'yan asalin Amurka cewa suna rasa ƙasarsu. A ranar 22 ga Maris, 1622, an kashe masu mulkin mallaka 347 ko fiye kuma an ƙone ƙauyukan Ingila a lokacin Kisan kiyashi na Indiya. Kimanin mata 20 ne aka ɗauke su daga gonar Martin's Hundred a kan Kogin James kuma an ce an sanya su cikin "babban bautar".[2] Don hana tserewa, Ingilishi sun aika da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da aka kama zuwa yankunan Burtaniya a West Indies don yin aiki a matsayin bayi.

Yan Afirka na farko
A ƙarshen watan Agusta na shekara ta 1619, an kawo 'yan Afirka ashirin ko fiye zuwa Point Comfort a kan Kogin James a Virginia. An sayar da su da farko don musayar abinci sannan aka sayar da su a Jamestown a matsayin bayin kwangila.https://historicjamestowne.org/history/timeline/'Yan Afirka sun fito ne daga Masarautar Ndongo, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Angola Angela, wata bautar mace daga Ndonggo, tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Afirka na farko da aka rubuta a hukumance a mulkin mallaka na Virginia a cikin 1619 .https://books.google.com/books?id=6KByoQgXZEcC&pg=PA11

A shekara ta 1620, akwai 'yan Afirka 32 da' yan asalin Amurka huɗu a cikin rukunin "Wasu ba Kiristoci ba a cikin Sabis ɗin Ingilishi" na rukunin da suka isa Virginia, amma wannan adadin ya ragu da 1624, watakila saboda Yaƙin Anglo-Powhatan na Biyu (1622-1632) ko rashin lafiya. William Tucker, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1624, shi ne mutum na farko na asalin Afirka da aka haifa cikin Koloni goma sha uku.https://books.google.com/books?id=4X44KbDBl9gC&pg=PA287https://web.archive.org/web/20210525014109/https://apnews.com/article/north-america-us-news-race-and-ethnicity-africa-va-state-wire-3501ba52dba0455597b3e7a330d2f50c
Bayin da ba`a biya
Ayyukan gida da gona sun yi aiki ne daga ma'aikatan da bayi, gami da yara. [lower-alpha 1] Ma'aikatan Indentured, galibi an kawo su daga Ingila, sun yi aiki ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba na takamaiman lokaci. Sun musayar aikinsu don farashin hanyarsu zuwa mulkin mallaka, ɗaki da jirgi, da kuma harajin 'yanci, waɗanda aka tsara za a ba wa bawa a ƙarshen lokacin kwangila, kuma suna iya haɗawa da ƙasa da kayan da za su taimaka musu su kafa kansu. A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, gonakin taba na Virginia galibi ma'aikatan fararen fata ne ke aiki. A shekara ta 1705, tattalin arzikin ya dogara ne akan aikin bayi da aka shigo da su daga Afirka.https://hampton.gov/DocumentCenter/View/24075/1619-Virginias-First-Africans?bidId=https://archive.org/details/birthofblackamer00hash/page/76
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