Tattaunawar sanyaya ta Antarctica

Duk da warewa, Antarctica ta fuskanci dumi da asarar kankara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wanda ya haifar da hayakin gas. Yammacin Antarctica ya yi zafi da sama da 0.1 ° C a kowace shekara goma daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, kuma Yankin Antarctic da aka fallasa ya yi zafi ta 3 ° C (5.4 ° F) tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20. Mafi sanyi, mai tsayi Gabashin Antarctica bai nuna wani dumi ba har zuwa 2000s.   A kusa da Antarctica, Kudancin Tekun ya shawo kan zafi na teku fiye da kowane teku, kuma ya ga zafi mai ƙarfi a zurfin ƙasa da  m (6,600 . : A kusa da Yammacin Antarctic, teku ta yi zafi da 1 ° C (1.8 ° F) tun 1955. 

Dumamar Tekun Kudancin da ke kusa da Antarctica ya haifar da rauni ko rushewar rumbun kankara, wanda ke shawagi a bakin tekun glaciers kuma ya daidaita su. Yawancin glaciers na bakin teku suna yin asarar taro da ja da baya, suna haifar da asarar ƙanƙara a duk faɗin Antarctica, Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: 1270–1272. ko da yake yankin kankara na gabashin Antarctic na ci gaba da samun kankara a cikin kasa. A shekara ta 2100, ana sa ran asarar kankara daga Antarctica zai ƙara kusan  zuwa hawan matakin teku na duniya. Rashin kwanciyar hankali na ruwa na kankara na iya haifar da yammacin Antarctica don ba da gudummawar fiye da dubun santimita idan an jawo shi kafin 2100.  Tare da ɗumamar girma, rashin zaman lafiya zai kasance mai yuwuwa, kuma zai iya ninka girman matakin teku na ƙarni na 21.   

Ruwa mai narkewa daga kankara yana narkar da ruwan gishiri na Antarctic,   yana raunana ƙananan tantanin halitta na Kudancin Tekun (SOOC). Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: 1270–1272. : A cewar wasu bincike, cikakken rushewa SOOC na iya faruwa a tsakanin  ° C (3.1 ° F) da 3 ° C (5.4 ° F) na dumama duniya,  kodayake ana sa ran cikakken tasirin zai faru a cikin ƙarni da yawa; waɗannan sun haɗa da karancin hazo a Kudancin Kudancin amma fiye a Arewacin Kudanci, raguwar kamun kifi a Kudanci da yiwuwar rushewar wasu yanayin ruwa. Duk da yake yawancin jinsunan Antarctic sun kasance ba a gano su ba, akwai rubuce-rubuce na karuwa a cikin Tsire-tsire na Antarctic,  kuma manyan Dabbobi kamar penguins sun riga sun sami wahalar riƙe wurin zama mai dacewa. A kan ƙasar da ba ta da kankara, narkewar permafrost tana fitar da iskar gas mai sanyaya da gurɓataccen gurɓatawar da ta gabata.

Antarctica ita ce nahiya mafi sanyi, mafi bushewa a Duniya, kuma tana da matsakaicin matsakaicin tsawo. Rashin bushewar Antarctica yana nufin iska tana dauke da ɗan tururi na ruwa kuma tana gudanar da zafi mara kyau. Tekun Kudancin da ke kewaye da nahiyar ya fi tasiri wajen shan zafi fiye da kowane teku. Kasancewar babban kankara ta teku, wanda ke da babban albedo (tunani), yana ƙarawa ga albedo na kankara mai haske, fararen fararen farfajiyar. Rashin sanyi na Antarctica yana nufin shi ne kawai wuri a Duniya inda sauya yanayin zafi ke faruwa a kowane hunturu;  a wasu wurare a Duniya, yanayin yana da zafi kusa da farfajiya kuma ya zama mai sanyi yayin da tsawo ke ƙaruwa. A lokacin hunturu na Antarctic, farfajiyar tsakiyar Antarctica ta zama mai sanyi fiye da tsakiya na matsakaicin yanayi;  wannan yana nufin iskar gas mai ɗumi tana kama zafi a cikin matsakaicin yanayin, kuma ta rage kwarararta zuwa farfajilar da zuwa sararin samaniya, maimakon hana kwararar zafi daga ƙananan yanayi zuwa saman yadudduka. Wannan tasirin yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu na Antarctic.  Misalai na farko na yanayi sun yi hasashen yanayin zafin jiki a kan Antarctica zai fito da sannu a hankali kuma ya fi dacewa da sauran wurare.
Duk da haka, takarda ta sami yaduwar kafofin watsa labarai, yayin da 'yan jarida da yawa suka bayyana waɗannan binciken a matsayin "masu sabawa" ga dumamar duniya,    wanda masana kimiyya suka soki a lokacin.   "Rikici" game da sanyaya Antarctica ya sami ƙarin kulawa a shekara ta 2004 lokacin da Michael Crichton ya rubuta littafin State of Fear . Littafin ya nuna wani makirci na almara tsakanin masana kimiyya na yanayi don tabbatar da shaidar karya game da dumamar duniya, kuma ya ambaci binciken Doran a matsayin tabbacin cewa babu dumamar yanayi a Antarctica a waje da Peninsula. An ambaci wannan labari a cikin sauraron Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta 2006 don tallafawa musanta canjin yanayi,  kuma Peter Doran ya buga wata sanarwa a cikin The New York Times yana sukar kuskuren fassarar aikinsa.  Binciken Antarctic na Burtaniya da NASA sun kuma bayar da maganganun da ke tabbatar da ƙarfin kimiyyar yanayi bayan sauraron.   NASA image by Robert Simmon, based on data from Joey Comiso, GSFC.

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