Alamun al'umma

Alamomin al'umma su ne "ma'auni waɗanda ke ba da bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru a baya da na yanzu da kuma taimakawa masu tsarawa da shugabannin al'umma wajen yanke shawara da suka shafi sakamako na gaba". Suna ba da haske game da alkiblar al'umma gabaɗaya: ko tana inganta, ko raguwa, ko ta tsaya iri ɗaya, ko kuma wani cakuɗe ne na duka ukun.

Ainihin, alamomi ma'auni ne waɗanda ke nuna ma'amala tsakanin zamantakewa, muhalli, da abubuwan tattalin arziki da ke shafar yankin ko al'umma. Ayyukan alamun al'umma yawanci ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a cikin al'umma, kodayake a wasu lokuta bangarorin jama'a ne suka fara su.

 Tarihi 
Community indicators are a localized response to the perceived invalidity of the traditional predominantly economic indicators, such as GDP, that are used for measuring human progress. This invalidity takes two forms. First, economic indicators account for all money transactions as beneficial for quality of life, whereas some of these can be seen as decidedly negative (e.g., money spent on environmental cleanup of pollution that could have been prevented). Secondly, strictly economic indicators do not count the value of non-monetary activity, such as homemaker and volunteer work and non-cash public assistance, which are decidedly positive for the quality of life of many families (Journal article by David Swain, Danielle Hollar; International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 26, 2003).

Hanyar matakin al'umma ga wannan rashin inganci ya dogara ne akan shaidar ƙungiyar zamantakewa wacce membobinta ke zaune a wani yanki, suna raba gwamnati, kuma galibi suna da al'ada da tarihi. Alamun al'umma ba sabon ra'ayi bane; ana amfani da su tun 1910, lokacin da Gidauniyar Russell Sage ta fara ci gaban binciken gida don auna masana'antu, ilimi, nishaɗi, da sauran dalilai. Hanyoyin da Sage Foundation ta yi amfani da su suna kama da waɗanda suka sake fitowa a cikin shekarun 1990. Amma bambancin a yau shine amfani da alamomi don la'akari da cikakken bakan na jin daɗin al'umma, ba kawai abubuwan da aka ware ba. A zamanin yau, masu nuna alama suna amfani da mazabu da yawa a cikin al'umma. Bayan shekaru goma na sabuntawa ga alamun al'umma, yanzu suna wakiltar hanya mai mahimmanci don inganta saka idanu da kimantawa a cikin tsarawa.

Gidauniyar Russell Sage ta yi amfani da "fiye da binciken gida dubu biyu da aka dauka kan ilimi, nishaɗi, lafiyar jama'a, aikata laifuka, da yanayin zamantakewa gaba ɗaya" don tantance yanayin zamantakewa. An gudanar da binciken farko a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  (A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, Pittsburgh ta sake rungumar alamomi, tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Pittsburgh mai dorewa da Indicators Project.) Yawancin binciken da Sage Foundation ta yi amfani da su sun gudanar da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kamar ɗakunan kasuwanci da kwamitocin 'yan ƙasa. Wadannan binciken sun samar da alamun yanayin zamantakewa kuma sun shahara har zuwa Babban Mawuyacin hali da Yaƙin Duniya na II, lokacin da matakan tattalin arziki kamar manyan kayayyakin cikin gida ko manyan alamun kayayyakin ƙasa suka fi dacewa

 Manufofin tsarin bayanai na al'umma 
Tsarin bayanai na al'umma (CIS) ya haɗu da alamun al'umma masu yawa - bayanan zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da muhalli da bayanai game da manufofi:

 Kula da kiwon lafiya, jin daɗin jama'a da dorewar al'ummomi ta hanyar gudanar da alamun Ingancin Rayuwa;
 Haɗakar da alamun aikin gwamnati da alamun da aka yi niyya da al'umma a cikin mafita ɗaya;
 Yaduwar amfani da bayanai ta 'yan ƙasa da jami'an gwamnati don tallafawa yanke shawara, inganta manufofi da albarkatun da aka yi niyya.
 Samar da mahallin leken asiri na cikin gida ga mahimman alamun aiki ga jami'an gwamnati;
 Sadar da matakan sakamako ga 'yan ƙasa, motsa muhawara ta jama'a da haɓaka amincewa da ci gaba ga burin al'umma.

 Dubi kuma 


 Ƙarin karantawa 

 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Alamun Ma'aikata: Binciken Ayyukan Gida da Kafa Ka'idojin Al'umma. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
 [Hasiya] "Hanyar Shirye-shiryen: Tafiya ta Lamba. " Shirye-sauye, Satumba, 14-18.
 Besleme, Kate, da Megan Mullin. 1997. "Masu Bayyana Al'umma da Al'ummomin Lafiya. " National Civic Review 86, No. 1: 43-52.



 Haɗin waje 

 Cibiyar Bayyanawa ta Ci gaba ta Kanada
 Ƙungiyar Bayyana Al'umma 
 Bayani game da Ginin Al'umma
 CIV; Alamun Al'umma Victoria
 Shirye-shiryen Bayanan Al'umma na Spokane
 Shafin yanar gizo na Ben Warner
 DataHaven, Shafin yanar gizon New Haven Community Indicators
 Shirin dabarun Kudancin Australia 
 Majalisar Jama'a ta Jacksonville Inc, Jacksonville, FL
 Alamun Al'umma na Pinellas - Pinellas County, Florida, Amurka