Amanita phalloides

Amanita phalloides (/æməˈnaɪtə pawnˈlɔɪdiːz/ am-ə-NITE-ə pawn-LOYD-eez), wanda aka fi sani da murfin mutuwa, ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu guba da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, ɗaya daga cikin da yawa a cikin jinsin Amanita. Ya samo asali ne a Turai  amma daga baya aka gabatar da shi zuwa wasu sassan duniya tun daga ƙarshen karni na ashirin,    A. phalloides '' ya samar da ectomycorrhizas tare da itatuwa daban-daban. A wasu lokuta, an gabatar da murfin mutuwa zuwa sabbin yankuna tare da noman nau'ikan itacen oak, chestnut, da Pine. Manyan jikin 'ya'yan itace suna bayyana a lokacin rani da kaka; ƙwanƙolin suna da launin kore tare da fararen stipe da gills. Launi na murfin yana da bambanci, gami da fararen siffofi, don haka ba abin dogaro ba ne.

Wadannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna kama da nau'ikan da za a iya cinyewa da yawa (musamman ƙwayoyin Kaisar da ƙwayoyin ciyawa) waɗanda mutane ke cinyewa, suna ƙara haɗarin guba ta haɗari. Amatoxins, nau'in guba da aka samu a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin, suna da tsayayya da zafi: suna tsayayya le canje-canje saboda zafi da sanyi, don haka tasirin su mai guba ba a rage su ta hanyar dafa ko daskarewa ba.

 Tarihin lissafi 
An sanya sunan murfin mutuwa a cikin Latin kamar haka a cikin wasiku tsakanin likitan Ingila Thomas Browne da Christopher Merrett .  Masanin tsire-tsire na Faransa Sébastien Vaillant ne An bayyana shi a cikin 1727, wanda ya ba da ɗan gajeren kalma mai suna "Fungus phalloides, annulatus, sordide virescens, et patulus" (shaped phallus, ring-stemmed, dirty green mushroom tare da babban 'spreading' cap.p).
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