Aikin UNICORD

Operation UNICORD (Yuli 2 – Yuli 12, 1967)  wani hari ne da sojojin Najeriya suka kaddamar a farkon yakin basasar Najeriya. Ya hada da kwace manyan garuruwan Biafra 6 da ke kusa da iyakar arewa.

 Fage 
Lokacin da Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai a watan Oktoban 1960 sabuwar gwamnatin da aka kafa ta kunshi 'yan siyasar Arewa ne daga kabilar Hausa-Fulani . Tun farko dai gwamnatin Najeriya ta shiga cikin cin hanci da rashawa inda ‘yan siyasa daban-daban ke wawure dukiyar al’umma tare da yin magudin zabe. A shekarar 1965, gwamnatin Najeriya ta shiga cikin cin hanci da rashawa, har ta kai ga tashe-tashen hankula na nuna kin jinin gwamnati a ko’ina a fadin Nijeriya, inda ‘yan siyasa daban-daban suka yi yunkurin samun karin madafun iko. Hakan ya haifar da tarzoma da kame jama'a a garuruwan Legas da Ibadan .

An zargi dan siyasar Obafemi Awolowo da haddasa tarzoma kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari a Najeriya. Dukkanin rudanin da suka faru a fagen siyasar kasar, shi ne juyin mulkin da Najeriya ta yi a shekarar 1966 inda sojoji karkashin jagorancin Manjo Emmanuel Ifeajuna suka kashe wasu manyan 'yan siyasa 11 .

Fira Ministan Najeriya Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na daya daga cikin 'yan siyasa 11 da aka kashe a juyin mulkin ranar 15 ga watan Janairun, sojojin Nzeogwu sun koma Kaduna bayan da Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ya samu nasarar hada rundunar sojoji a Legas domin yakar sojojin da suka tayar da kayar baya.

An nada Ironsi Babban Kwamandan Najeriya a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1966.

Da yawa daga cikin manyan janar-janar da ’yan siyasar Arewa sun fusata Ironsi saboda dalilai guda biyu, domin bai kashe Manjo Nzeogwu ba, don kuwa yana kara baiwa ‘yan siyasar kudu karfin siyasa.

A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1966, wasu ‘yan bindiga da suka hada da William Walbe suka kashe Ironsi bayan da suka yi kokawa daga Theophilus Danjuma suka nada Kanal Yakubu Gowon a matsayin shugaban kasa.

Wannan juyin mulkin ya haifar na shekarar 1966 ya haifar da kyamar kabilar Igbo tare da haifar da kisan gilla ga al'ummar Igbo 50,000 da ke zaune a garuruwa daban-daban na Arewacin ƙasar kamar Kano da Kaduna . Wannan kisan kiyashin dai ya harzuka ’yan kabilar Ibo da dama, wanda hakan ya sa mutanen gabas suka yi kira da a balle daga ƙasar. Ojukwu ya gana da shugaba Gowon a birnin Aburi na kasar Ghana a watan Disambar 1966 domin tattauna halin da ake ciki a Najeriya.

An gudanar da wata kuri’a a fili da wata majalisar tuntuba da Ojukwu ya nada, inda suka amince da ballewar kasar Igbo. An ce daga dukkan alamu tuni Ojukwu da makusantan sa da suka hada da Louis Chude-Sokei, Christopher Okigbo da CC Mojekwu mai matukar tasiri suka yanke shawarar ballewa daga shekarar 1966.

A ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1967 Ojukwu ya balle yankin Gabas a hukumance ya kuma shelanta sabuwar Jamhuriyar Biyafara . [1] Ojukwu ya yi nasarar hada runduna ta mutum 3,000 domin kare fagagen Biafra. A farkon watan Yulin shekarar 1967 shugaban Najeriya Gowon ya umarci babban hafsan sojojin Najeriya da su sake karbe ikon yankin Gabas.

 Yaƙi 
A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1967 Sojojin Najeriya sun bude farmakin da suke yi daga bangaren Arewa.

Rundunar Yanki ta Farko NA, wadda ke samun goyon bayan rundunar birgediya da ta kunshi motocin leken asiri, Motoci masu sulke na Saladin da Ferrets, an raba su zuwa brigadi biyu.

Runduna ta 1 dake karkashin Manjo Sule Apollo ta bi hanyar Ogugu-Ogunga-Nsukka yayin da ta biyu karkashin Manjo Martin Adamu ta bi hanyar Gakem-Obudu-Ogoja. Kare sojojin Biafra karkashin Brig. HM Njoku ya yi nasarar dakile harin, amma rundunar sojin Najeriya ta fara daukar jagorori da masu ba da labari don bayar da rahoto kan yadda sojojin Biafra suka fatattaki, karfinsu, da sauran muhimman bayanai.

Kwanaki 10 ne sojojin Najeriya suka yi ta fafatawa a kudu inda suka yi nasarar kwace garuruwan Nsukka, Ogugu, Ogunga, Ogoja, Gakem, da Obudu yayin da kuma suka tilastawa sojojin da ke kare kasar Biafra ja da baya cikin rudani.

Sojojin Biafra da yawa sun koka da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, ciwon kai, da sauran cututtuka. Dubban masu fafutukar kafa kasar Biafra ne suka tsere daga gidajensu, saboda tsoron kada sojojin Najeriya su yi musu kisan kiyashi, inda suka nufi Enugu babban birnin kasar Biafra.

 Bayan haka 
Kwanaki 16 bayan da ‘yan Biafra suka ja da baya Nzeogwu ya yi yunkurin sake kwace iko da Nsukka a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli, amma sojojin Najeriya sun kashe shi a lokacin da suke kan hanya.

Sojojin Najeriya sun ci nasara a nasarar da suka yi a Nsukka, sannan suka ci gaba da kai farmaki ga Enugu duk da cewa a hankali saboda mamayewar yankin tsakiyar yamma. 

Bayan da jami'an Biafra karkashin jagorancin Victor Banjo suka mamaye shiyyar tsakiyar yammacin Najeriya . Murtala Mohammed shi ne aka dora wa alhakin kakkabe duk wani sojan Biafra da ke kan iyakokin Najeriya. Victor Banjo ya samu nisan mil 135 daga babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya Legas kafin mutanen Mohammed su ka tare shi.

Bayan shafe sama da wata guda ana gwabza kazamin fada da 'yan Biafra suka koma Onitsha suka sake kwace yankin tsakiyar Yamma. Da kawo karshen mamayewar Midwest, 'yan Najeriya sun koma Nsukka suka fara shirin mamaye Babban Birnin Biafra na Enugu .

Saboda kusancin Nsukka da Enugu, ya kasance katangar dabarun yaki. Sojojin Najeriya sun mamaye yankin da ke kewayen Enugu a tsakiyar watan Satumbar 1967 da sanin cewa Enugu ba zai fadi cikin sauki ba idan aka kai musu hari, don haka aka yanke shawarar kewaye birnin tare da yin kawanya.

A ranar 30 ga watan Satumba ne sojojin Najeriya suka samu nasarar kutsa kai cikin layukan tsaron kasar Biafra da ke kewayen Enugu tare da shiga cikin birnin. Bayan kwashe kwanaki 6 ana gwabza kazamin fada da sojojin Biafra suka koma bayan gari, inda suka mayar da babban birninsu kudu zuwa Umuahia.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba