Samar da ayaba a Amurka

Samar da ayaba na kasuwanci a Amurka yana da iyaka a sikelin da tasirin tattalin arziki. Duk da yake Amurkawa suna cin fam 26 (12  na ayaba ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara, yawancin 'ya'yan itace ana shigo da su daga wasu ƙasashe, musamman Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin, inda Amurka ta taɓa mamaye yankunan da ke dauke da gonakin ayaba, kuma ta sarrafa shigo da ayaba ta hanyar kamfanonin 'ya'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban, kamar Dole da Chiquita . 

 Tarihi 
An kafa gonar ayaba ta kasuwanci ta farko a Amurka a Florida, kusa da Silver Lake, a cikin 1876. An san cewa Ponce de Leon ya kawo ayaba zuwa Florida a farkon 1500's. An sami gonakin ayaba masu zaman kansu da yawa a yankuna da yawa, sun kai har zuwa arewacin kudu maso yamma da Ohio_River" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ohio River">Kogin Ohio. Wannan yankin ya yi daidai da iyakar arewacin yankin da ke shuka amfanin gona na Amurka, wanda ya ƙare a kusan Cincinnati, Ohio, da kuma gabas a birane da wurare kamar Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New York City da Long Island a New York, da yankunan bakin teku na kudancin New England. Ci gaban ayaba da ke ci gaba da yamma tare da wannan layin canjin muhalli, kamar a tsakiya zuwa arewacin Missouri da arewacin Kansas / kudancin Nebraska yana da shakku sosai kuma ba shi da tabbas, saboda matsanancin canjin zafin jiki da karuwar busasshiyar.

Sauran jihohin da suka kasance sanannun wurare don noma na ayaba masu zaman kansu sun kasance Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, Alabama, North Carolina, Hawaii, Virginia, Arizona, California, Nevada, da Maryland. Florida ta ga yawancin albarkatun ayaba masu zaman kansu da manyan suna suna zaune a ƙasarsu a duk tarihin.

An kuma shuka ayaba a jihohin Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific, gami da yankunan Washington, Oregon, da yankuna daban-daban na tsaunuka da kuma kwarin teku / matsakaici a kudancin Idaho.

A cikin 70s, ana shuka ayaba iri-iri, gami da Ice Cream da Cavendish, a ko'ina cikin yankin Appalachian, da farko a ko'in kwarin tsaunuka masu kariya a gabashin Tennessee da arewacin Georgia.

 A halin yanzu samarwa 
Hawaii ita ce mafi girma mai samar da ayaba a Amurka, sannan Florida ta biyo baya. Shuka ayaba a Hawaii ya bi yanayin saukowa, daga  (tons dubu 13; tan dubu 15 gajeren)  a cikin 2000 zuwa fam miliyan  (tons dubban 7.9; gajeren tan dubu 8.9) a cikin 2010,  da fam miliyan  (tons miliyan 2.1; gajeren tan 2,000) a cikin 2023. Hawaii ta samar da nau'ikan Cavendish na al'ada da ayaba na apple na Hawaiian, waɗanda ake siyarwa a kasuwannin cikin gida saboda yawan aiki da kuɗin ƙasa. Babban mai fitar da ayaba na Amurka shine Florida, wanda ke samar da mafi yawan Thai da ayaba mai dafa abinci (irin Bluggoe). Bugu da kari, masu samar da ayaba na Amurka suna neman dama a cikin sassan kwayoyin halitta da na musamman na kasuwar ayaba a Florida, Texas, California, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, da Georgia. Noma na ayaba a Florida ya kasance kusan kadada 500, wanda aka kimanta kusan dala miliyan 2 na Amurka.

Sauran jihohin da suka kasance sanannun wurare don noma na ayaba mai zaman kansa, wanda yawanci kawai fitarwa a matakin cikin gida, sune Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Arizona, da California. Wadannan jihohi suna samar da iri-iri dangane da yankin, gami da Cavendish, Bluggoe, Ice Cream, Goldfinger, Lady Finger, Red Dacca, Latundan, Pisano Awak, da Balbisinia subtypes.

Shuka na ayaba mai zaman kansa a Amurka ya bambanta, tare da wasu yankuna na ƙasar da ke iya kula da filayen itatuwan ayaba iri-iri ko kusan koyaushe, kamar tsarin shuka. Wannan ya fi shahara (a waje da Florida da Hawaii) a Texas, Louisiana, California, Arizona, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, da bakin teku na North Carolina. A wasu yankuna na kasar (arewacin Kansas" id="mwaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arkansas">Arkansas, kudancin Missouri, dutsen Tennessee, kudancin Kansas, kudancin Midwest da kuma tare da Kogin Ohio, Kentucky, da Virginia,) wanda ke dauke da yanayi mai kama da na yankin shuka ayaba na kudancin tsakiyar da gabashin kasar Sin (Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangsu, Henan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Chongqing, da lardunan Guizhou,) noman ayaba ya fi yanayi.

Ana kuma shuka ayaba don kasuwanci a Puerto Rico,  Guam, da Samoa ta Amurka. 

 Dubi kuma 

 Banana § Modern cultivation

 Manazarta