Rikici na Foie gras

Samar da foie gras (hankali na Duck ko goose wanda aka kara masa musamman) ya haɗa da tilasta ciyar da tsuntsaye tare da abinci da yawa fiye da yadda za su ci a cikin daji, kuma fiye da yadda suke cin abinci da son rai a cikin gida. Abinci, yawanci masara da aka tafasa da kitse (don sauƙaƙe cin abinci), yana adadi mai yawa a cikin hanta, don haka yana samar da kitse mai da wasu Masu cin abinci ke nema.

 'Yancin dabbobi da kungiyoyin jin dadin jama'a 
Kungiyoyin masu fafutukar kare hakkin dabbobi da jin dadin jama'a kamar su Human Society of the United States,  Asusun Tsaro na Shari'a na Dabbobi,  L214  da FOUR PAWS  suna jayayya cewa hanyoyin samar da foie gras, da kuma ciyar da karfi musamman, sun zama mummunan hali da rashin mutunci ga dabbobi. Takamaiman korafe-korafe sun haɗa da hanta da ya kumbura har zuwa sau goma girman su na yau da kullun, rashin aikin hanta, fadada ciki yana sa ya zama da wahala ga tsuntsaye suyi tafiya, mutuwa idan an ci gaba da ciyar da karfi, da kuma scarring na esophagus.

A shekara ta 2001, Darakta na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Gwamnatin Jihar New York da Manufofin Jama'a. na American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, wanda shine daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin masu fafutukar kare muhalli na Amurka, ya rubuta wasika ga Babban Lauyan NYS na lokacin, Eliot Spitzer, yana neman a gurfanar da masu samar da foie gras na jihar saboda keta dokokin zalunci na dabbobi.

Mambobin kwamitin sun bayyana yadda geese da ducks ke nuna "halayyar gujewa da ke nuna ƙyama ga mutumin da ke ciyar da su da kuma hanyar ciyarwa". Kodayake kwamitin ya ba da rahoton cewa babu wata hujja ta kimiyya "ƙarshe" game da yanayin rashin amincewa da ciyar da karfi, kuma cewa shaidar rauni "ƙarami" ce, a cikin shawarwarin su gaba ɗaya, kwamitin ya bayyana cewa "management da gidaje na tsuntsayen da aka yi amfani da su don samar da foie gras suna da mummunar tasiri ga jin daɗin su".   p.38: Whilst studies of the anatomy of ducks and geese kept for foie gras production have been carried out, the amount of evidence in the scientific literature concerning the effects of force feeding and liver hypertrophy on injury level, on the functioning of the various biological systems is small.   p.62-63: Members of the Committee observed that, prior to force feeding the ducks and geese show avoidance behaviour indicating aversion for the person who feeds them and the feeding procedure. After a short period, birds which are able to do so move away from the person who force fed them. However there is no conclusive scientific evidence as to the aversive nature of the force feeding process.

A kan ilimin lissafi, rahoton ya gano cewa bisa ga binciken da ake da shi, "babu wani tabbataccen yanke shawara da za a iya samu game da aikin ilimin lissafi na tsuntsaye don mayar da martani ga ciyar da karfi" saboda kodayake "matsawa ta tilasta haifar da steatosis na hanta a cikin duck ko goose", "steatosis na jiki a cikin tsuntsayen ruwa shine amsawar metabolism na al'ada" kuma akwai ƙananan rauni. Idan aka dakatar da gavage "komawa zuwa al'ada ya ɗauki kusan makonni huɗu". A matsayin mai nuna tattalin arziki rahoton ya bayyana cewa "yana da karfi sosai ga sha'awar manomi" don kauce wa cuta kamar yadda "suka fatar da ke haifar ba ta da darajar kasuwanci". Ya taƙaita cewa "wasu masu ilimin cututtuka suna la'akari da wannan matakin steatosis a matsayin cututtuka amma wasu ba haka ba" kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa "ya kamata a gudanar da bincike a cikin hanyoyin samar da kitse na hanta wanda ba ya buƙatar amfani da ciyar da karfi".

A kan tsarin ciyar da karfi, kwamitin EU ya bincika gwaje-gwaje da yawa da INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) ta gudanar don gano ciwo ko damuwa ta hanyar kallon hormones na jini, kuma ya gano cewa ba za a iya samun cikakkiyar ƙarshe daga waɗannan binciken ba. Sauran binciken sun kalli rashin amincewar halayyar tsarin ciyarwa kuma sun gano cewa tilasta waƙoƙin ciyarwa sun guje wa alkalami na ciyarwa lokacin da aka ba su zabi, yayin da yawancin ƙungiyar sarrafawa da ba a tilasta ciyarwa ba za su shiga alkalami na abinci da son rai. Cin abinci na yau da kullun na ducks da geese yawanci yana da alaƙa da amsa mai kyau daga dabbobi ga mutumin da ke ciyar da su. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyar aiki ta lura cewa ducks da geese a cikin alkalami sun nisanta daga mai ciyar da su lokacin da ya shiga dakin. A cikin gwajin matukin jirgi da ba a buga ba ta INRA, ducks a cikin cages an ruwaito sun nuna halin gujewa kaɗan ga ziyarar mai ciyar da karfi fiye da ziyarar mutum mai tsaka-tsaki da ke zuwa tare da cages daga baya. Koyaya, a cikin abubuwan lura na ƙungiyar ma'aikata, "Ducks a cikin cages ba su da damar nuna gujewa amma wani lokacin suna motsa kawunansu daga mutumin da ke gab da tilasta musu ciyarwa".

 Rahoton EU na 2023 game da jin daɗin ducks, geese da quails a gona 
A cikin 2023, an buga sabon rahoto mai da hankali kan yanayin gidaje ta kwamitin kula da lafiyar dabbobi na hukumar abinci da tsaro ta Turai (EFSA)  don zama jagora ga sake fasalin dokar kula da lafiyar dabbobin EU. Wannan sabon rahoto ya nuna yadda yanayin gidaje na yanzu bai dace da ducks da geese a cikin samar da foie gras ba. Cages da pens da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu a lokacin tilasta ciyarwa yawanci sau 2-3 ne karami ga tsuntsaye don nuna halayensu na halitta. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a samar da ƙarin sarari a kan ruwa mai buɗewa don tabbatar da yanayin jin daɗi mai kyau. Ba a kimanta aikin tilasta ciyarwa a cikin wannan rahoton ba.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba