Kwatanta semitics

thumb
Kwatanta Semitics wani fanni ne na kwatankwacin ilimin harshe da ilimin falsafa game da harsunan Semitic. Yayin da ake kasancewa a matsayin fannin nazari a ciki da kanta, ana koyar da kwatancen karatu a cikin harsunan Semitic a matsayin wani ɓangare na manhajojin harshe ɗaya, ko kuma wani ɓangare na nazarin harshen tiyoloji.

 Tarihi 
Asalin

Farkon targum, ko fassarorin Attaura ta Ibrananci zuwa Aramaic, suna wakiltar abin da zai iya zama farkon misalin kwatankwacin ilimin falsafa tsakanin harsunan Semitic. Targum Onkelos, mai yiyuwa tun daga ƙarni na 1 A.Z., ya ƙunshi kusan kalma ta fassarar kalma na pentateuch daga Ibrananci zuwa Aramaic. Waɗannan fassarori masu kama da juna ana karanta su tare a lokacin Talmudic, kuma ana ci gaba da karantawa da koyar da su har yau a cikin al'adar Yahudawa ta Yaman.Converse Translation: A Targumic Technique", Michael Klein on the Targums, Brill, pp. 19–40, 2011-06-22, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004202955.i-313.8, ISBN 9789004202955

Karatun Rabbinical a Tsakanin Zamani

Masorete malaman Yahudawa ne a ƙarni na 6 zuwa na 10 A.Z. a Falasdinu da Babila waɗanda suka fara daidaita Ibrananci na Littafi Mai Tsarki. Waɗannan malaman sun gabatar da tsarin lafazin lafuzza mai suna niqqud, kuma suka fara bayyana nahawun yaren Ibrananci. Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin nazarin nahawu a lokacin ma'aurata ne suka ba da damar nazarin kwatancen daga baya Yahudawa masu ilimin Ibrananci a cikin Larabawa.Masorah, Masoretes". doi:10.1163/2211-2685_eco_m227. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Daga baya, a lokacin zamanin zinare na Musulunci, yawancin malaman Ibrananci da ke zaune a cikin Larabawa sun lura da kamance tsakanin Larabci, Aramaic da Ibrananci. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara lura da wadannan kwatancen shi ne Juda ibn Kuraysh daga Tiaret a karni na 9 C.E. Ibn Kuraysh kuma shi ne sanannen malami na farko da ya jawo alaka tsakanin harsunan Semitic da kuma harsunan Amazigh ko Berber da suka fi alaka da suLipiński, Edward (2001). Semitic languages : outline of a comparative grammar (2nd ed.). Leuven: Peeters. ISBN 9042908157. OCLC 46969899.

Rabbi Saadia Gaon ya rayu a karkashin Halifancin Abbasiyawa daga karni na 9 zuwa na 10 CE, kuma ana rike da shi daya daga cikin masana harshen Ibrananci na farko. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin uban adabin Yahudanci-Larabci, kuma ya lura da kwatance da yawa tsakanin Ibrananci, Aramaic da Larabci. Ko da yake bai taba keɓe wani aiki na musamman ga fannin kwatanta harshe ba, Saadia Gaon ya buga fassarar Larabci ta farko ta Attaura, Tafsir Rasag. MAMAN, AHARON (2004), "R. Jonah Ibn Janāḥ", Comparative Semitic Philology in the Middle Ages, Brill, pp. 299–370, doi:10.1163/9789047404750_015, ISBN 9789047404750

Mafi mahimmancin juyin halitta a farkon Semitics na kwatankwacinsa shine gano tsari da aikin tushen tsarin tushen ruɗi na Juda ben David Hayyuj, Bayahude ɗan Morocco wanda ya rayu a Cordoba a ƙarni na 10. Huyyuj ya yi tasiri, Rabbi Yunusa Ibn Janah ya rubuta mafi tasiri na nahawu na zamani akan Ibrananci, Kitab al-Anqih (Larabci: "Littafin Bincike na Minti"), ko Sefer HaDikduk (Ibrananci: "Littafin Nahawu"). Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi tebur na tushen Semitic, Sefer haShorashim (Ibrananci: "Littafin Tushen")"Ibn Janāḥ, Jonah (Abū ʾl-Walīd Marwān)". doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_com_0010730. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help). Samuel Abraham Poznanski, sanannen masanin harshe na Ibrananci kuma ƙwararriyar sahyoniya a farkon ƙarni na 20, ya ɗauki Yunana Ibn Janah a matsayin “mafari na ilimin harshe na zamani.” Bacher, W. (1894). "Die hebräisch-arabische Sprachvergleichung des Abû Ibrahîm Ihn Barûn". Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. 14 (1). doi:10.1515/zatw.1894.14.1.223. ISSN 0044-2526. S2CID 170170393.

 Manazarta