Gidan kogon

Gidan kogo ( German   ) ko grotto castle (Jamus: Grottenburg ) ƙaƙƙarfan mazaunin ko mafaka ne wanda aka gina a cikin kogon halitta. Ya fada cikin rukunin tuddai . Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan (kamar katangar ruwa ), irin waɗannan ƙauyuka ba za a iya kai hari kawai daga gaba ba, ko kuma ta hako dutsen da ke sama; ƙofa yawanci tana tsakiyar fuskar dutse ne, wanda ke sa ya fi wahalar shiga. Binciken archaeological ya nuna cewa an yi amfani da kogo a matsayin wuraren mafaka tun farkon zamanin dutse . Gine-ginen kogo na farko sun bayyana a ƙarni na 11 da na 12. A cikin ƙarni na 14 da 15, irin wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, musamman a wasu sassa na Faransa da Switzerland .

 Wuri da shimfidawa 
An gina ainihin ginin kogon gaba ɗaya a gindin babban dutse mai tsayi kuma a matakin tudu ɗaya ko sama da haka; Duk da haka suna da wuya a yankuna masu tsaunuka, misali a Arewacin Tyrol kawai shafuka hudu ne aka sani zuwa yau: Altfinstermünz a cikin Upper Inn Valley, Loch kusa da Unter-Pinswang, Lueg am Brenner da kuma daya a cikin Herrenhauswand kusa da Schwendt/Kössen. A yankuna da yawa a Switzerland da Faransa, kayan dutse masu laushi suna ba da kyakkyawan tushe don gina kogo da katangar grotto. Akwai da yawa irin wannan nau'in a Graubünden, Ticino, Valais ko Dordogne fiye da, alal misali, a Bavaria ko Tyrol . Gine-ginen cikin gida da wuraren zama gabaɗaya sun kasance a cikin kwarin ƙasa, saboda yawancin kogon ba ya samuwa ne kawai a kan tudu da ƴan ƙunƙun hanyoyi; Hotunan da aka tona sun bayyana kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa a cikin manyan gidajen kogo da yawa, wasu rukunin yanar gizo na iya zama wani lokaci ne kawai kuma ana kiyaye hanyoyin tsaunuka ko mahimman hanyoyin hanyoyin. Don irin wannan dalilai, yawancinsu ba su da bergfried ko wasu hasumiya, ban da Loch Castle kusa da Eichhofen a Bavaria, wanda ke da babban zagaye a gaba.

A lokuta da yawa, kogon ko grotto kawai an rufe shi da bangon gaba kuma an raba shi cikin gida ta dutse ko sassan katako, duk da haka da yawa daga baya an mayar da su kujerun wakilai kuma an fadada su kamar haka: misali Stein Castle da Predjama Castle . Daga hangen aikin injiniya ginin kogon yana da alaƙa da ginin dutsen ; a nan ma an shigar da buɗewar dutsen na halitta ko na wucin gadi a cikin tsarin. A tsakiyar Turai, yawancin irin waɗannan katangar dutse an kiyaye su a cikin yankunan dutsen yashi na kudanci da tsakiyar Jamus ko Bohemia, ciki har da waɗanda ke cikin Elbe Sandstone Mountains, dajin Palatinate da kuma a cikin Haßberge Hills .

 Cave castles da grotto castles 
A cikin wallafe-wallafen fasaha an bambanta tsakanin kogo da grotto castles. A cikin yanayin na karshen an gina dukan ginin a gaban, ko a ciki, grotto na halitta (misali Predjama Castle ), yayin da a cikin yanayin gidan kogon, an rufe kogon ne kawai tare da bango na gaba kuma an raba shi a ciki ta hanyar katako ko dutse, ko da yake a cikin shahararrun amfani da kalmomin biyu ana amfani da su fiye ko žasa da juna.

 Wasu misalai 

 Wolkenstein Castle a Gröden, Kudancin Tyrol, Italiya
 Stein Castle a cikin Stein an der Traun, Bavaria, Jamus
 Predjama Castle, Slovenia
 Puxerloch (cave castles Luegg  da Schallaun ) kusa da Frojach a cikin Styria, Ostiriya
 Kronmetz Castle, Italiya
 Luegstein Castle kusa da Oberaudorf, Bavaria, Jamus
 Wichenstein Castle kusa da Oberriet, St Gallen, Switzerland
 Qal'at Ibn Maan, karni na 17, Galili, Isra'ila

 Castles daga jihohin 'yan Salibiyya a Gabas ta Tsakiya

 Cave de Sueth ( Cave de Suète ) ko Habis Jaldak, Kwarin Yarmouk, Jordan 
 Magharat Fakhr ad-Din, inland of Sidon, Lebanon 
 Kagara na Niha, ko Cave de Tyron / Tirun an-Niha, ya tsaya a tsakiyar Ubangijin Sidon, LebanonPringle, Denys (1997). Tirun an-Niha (No. 225). Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780521460101. Retrieved 17 July 2019. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
 Jebel Quruntul (Docus, castellum Abrahami), Gidan Kogon Templar akan dutsen da ke kallon Jericho, Kogin Yamma, Falasdinu Pringle, Denys (1997). Jabal Quruntul (No. 109). Cambridge University Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780521460101. Retrieved 17 July 2019. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

 Manazarta