Salmon

Salmon (Salmon) wani nau'i ne na nau'ikan kifi masu mahimmanci na kasuwanci na kifi mai laushi na Euryhaline daga jinsin Salmo da Oncorhynchus na dangin Salmonidae, 'yan asalin Arewacin Atlantic (Salmo) da Arewacin Pacific (Oncorhynchus). Salmon sunan magana ne ko Sunan gama gari da ake amfani da shi don kifi a cikin wannan rukuni, amma ba Sunan kimiyya ba ne. Sauran kifaye masu alaƙa da juna a cikin wannan iyali sun haɗa da trout, char, grayling, whitefish, Lenok da taimen, duk kifaye na ruwan sanyi na yankuna masu sanyi da kuma yankuna masu sanyaya tare da wasu yawan jama'a a Asiya ta Tsakiya.

Salmon yawanci anadromous ne: suna fure a cikin gadaje masu zurfi na Ruwa mai laushi kuma suna ciyar da shekarun ƙuruciyarsu a cikin koguna, tabkuna da wuraren ruwa mai lauri, suna ƙaura zuwa teku yayin da manya kuma suna rayuwa kamar kifin teku, sannan su koma wurin haihuwar su don haifuwa. Koyaya, yawan nau'o'i da yawa an ƙuntata su ga ruwa mai laushi (watau ƙuntataccen ƙasa) a duk rayuwarsu. Labaran ya nuna cewa kifin ya koma daidai rafi inda kansu suka haifa don haifuwa, kuma binciken bin diddigin ya nuna cewa wannan ya fi gaskiya. Wani bangare na dawowar salmon yana iya ɓacewa kuma ya ɓace a cikin tsarin ruwa mai laushi daban-daban; kashi na ɓacewa ya dogara da nau'in salmon. An nuna halayyar gida ta dogara da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙanshi.

Salmon muhimman kifi ne na abinci kuma ana noma su sosai a sassa da yawa na duniya,  tare da Norway kasancewa mafi girma a duniya mai samar da salmon, sannan Chile ta biyo baya.  Har ila yau, suna da daraja sosai ga Kifi na nishaɗi, ta hanyar ruwa mai laushi da ruwan gishiri. An gabatar da nau'ikan salmon da yawa tun daga lokacin kuma sun zama na asali a cikin yanayin da ba na asali ba kamar Great Lakes na Arewacin Amurka, Patagonia a Kudancin Amurka da Kudancin tsibirin New Zealand.

 Sunan da asalin 
The Modern English term salmon is derived from Middle English: samoun,  and , which in turn are from Anglo-Norman: saumon, from Old French: saumon, and from Latin: salmō (which in turn might have originated from salire, meaning "to leap".). The unpronounced "l" absent from Middle English was later added as a Latinisation to make the word closer to its Latin root. The term salmon has mostly displaced its now dialectal synonym lax, in turn from Middle English: lax, from Old English: leax, from Proto-Germanic: *lahsaz from Proto-Indo-European: *lakso-.

 Nau'o'in 
Nau'ikan salmon guda bakwai masu mahimmanci na kasuwanci suna faruwa a cikin nau'o'i biyu na subfamily Salmoninae . Nau'in Salmo ya ƙunshi salmon Atlantic, wanda aka samo a bangarorin biyu na Arewacin Atlantic, da kuma fiye da wasu nau'o'in 40 da ake kira trout. Nau'in Oncorhynchus ya ƙunshi nau'o'in 12 da aka dangi waɗanda ke faruwa ne kawai a Arewacin Pacific, shida daga cikinsu an san su da Salmon na Pacific yayin da sauran ake la'akari da trout. A waje da wuraren zama na asali, an gabatar da salmon Chinook a cikin New Zealand da Patagonia, yayin da aka kafa coho, sockeye da salmon Atlantic a Patagonia.

† Dukansu nau'ikan Salmo da Oncorhynchus suna dauke da nau'ikan nau'ikan trout da ake kira salmon. A cikin Salmo, salmon Adriatic (Salmo obtusirostris) da Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) dukansu an sanya su a matsayin salmon a Turanci, kodayake sun fada waje da nau'in salmon guda bakwai. <i id="mwAhU">Mai</i> Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) a zahiri ana ɗaukarsa trout ("cherry trout") a Japan, ƙarfe da masu a zahiri shine kalmar Jafananci don trout. A gefe guda, steelhead da sea trout, siffofin anadromous na rainbow trout da brown trout bi da bi, sun fito ne daga nau'ikan iri ɗaya da salmon kuma suna rayuwa iri ɗaya da rayuwa mai 'Zabura', amma babu wanda ake kira "salmon".  

Tsohon Eosalmo driftwoodensis, mafi tsufa da aka sani Salmoninae kifi a cikin burbushin burbushin halittu, yana taimaka wa masana kimiyya su gano yadda nau'ikan salmon daban-daban suka rabu da kakanninmu. Burbushin salmon na Eocene daga British Columbia ya ba da shaida cewa bambancin tsakanin salmon na Pacific da Atlantic bai riga ya faru shekaru miliyan 40 da suka gabata ba. Dukkanin rikodin burbushin halittu da nazarin DNA na mitochondrial sun nuna bambancin ya faru shekaru miliyan 10 zuwa 20 da suka gabata a lokacin Miocene. Wannan shaidar mai zaman kanta daga Nazarin DNA da Tarihin burbushin halittu sun nuna cewa bambancin salmon ya faru tun kafin Quaternary glaciation ya fara sake zagayowar ci gaba da koma baya.

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