Duwatsun Sayan

Duwatsun  (Mongolia: Соёnы NURUU, Soyonii nuruu; Tsohuwar Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤, romanized: Kögmen) tsaunuka ne a kudancin Siberiya da ke kudu maso gabashin Rasha ( Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyar da Moroko da Krasnoyar da kuma arewacin Moroko.  Kafin saurin fadada Tsardom na Rasha, tsaunukan sun kasance iyaka tsakanin al'adun Mongolian da na Rasha da tasirin al'adu.

Tsaunukan tsaunin Sayan da kuma tafkuna masu sanyi kudu maso yammacin Tuva sun haifar da rafukan da suka hade su zama daya daga cikin manyan kogin Siberiya, kogin Yenisei, wanda ke ratsa arewa sama da kilomita 3,400 (2000 mi) zuwa Tekun Arctic.  Wannan yanki ne mai kariya kuma keɓe, wanda Tarayyar Soviet ta rufe tun 1944.  

 Yammacin Sayan 
A 92 ° E tsarin Western Sayan ya soke ta Ulug-Khem (Rashanci: Улуг-Хем) ko Upper Yenisei River, kuma a 106 °, a gabas ta gabas, ya ƙare sama da bakin ciki na Selenga-Orkhon Valley.  Ya shimfiɗa kusan a kusurwar dama zuwa Yammacin Sayan na 650 km (400 mi) a cikin wani wuri mai nisa a arewa maso gabas/kudu maso yamma tsakanin Rawan Shapshal na Gabashin Altai a yamma da Kewayon Abakan na Kuznetsk Alatau a gabas.  Daga tudun Mongoliya, hawan yana kan dukkan laushi, amma daga filayen Siberiya ya fi tsayi sosai.  Wannan kewayon ya haɗa da jeri-nauyi da yawa na halayen Alpine, kamar su Aradan, Borus, Oy, Kulumys, Mirsky, Kurtushibin, Uyuk, Sheshpir-Taiga, Ergak-Targak-Taiga, Kedran da Nazarovsky.  Mafi mahimmancin kololuwa sune Kyzlasov Peak (2,969 m (9,741 ft)), Aradansky Peak (2,456 m (8,058 ft)), Bedelig Golets (2,492 m (8,176 ft)), Samzhir (2,402 m (7,881 ft) , Borus 2 , Borus  (7,605 ft)) da Zvezdny Peak

Tsakanin keta Yenisei da Lake Khövsgöl a 100 ° 30' E. tsarin yana ɗauke da sunan Yerghik-Taiga.  Furen yana kan matalauta duka, kodayake yankuna mafi girma suna ɗaukar kyawawan gandun daji na larch, Pine, Juniper, Birch, da alder, tare da rhododendrons da nau'ikan Berberis da Ribes.  Lichens da mosses suna tufatar da yawa daga cikin duwatsun da ke warwatse a kan gangaren sama.

 Gabashin Sayan 
Gabashin Sayan ya miƙe kusan a kusurwar dama zuwa yammacin Sayan na tsawon kilomita 1,000 (620 mi) a arewa maso yamma/kudu maso gabas, daga Yenisei zuwa Rawan Angara.  Wasu subranges na arewa maso yamma suna samar da tsarin "White Mountains" (Белогорье) ko "Belki", irin su Manskoye Belogorye, Kanskoye Belogorye, Kuturchinskoye Belogorye, da Agul Belki (Агульские Белки), tare da dusar ƙanƙara ta dindindin.  A tsakiyar ɓangaren, zuwa saman kogin Kazyr da Kizir, ƙorafi da yawa, irin su Kryzhin Range sun samar da gungu wanda ya ƙare a cikin babban Grandiozny Peak mai tsayin mita 2,982 (9,783 ft), wuri mafi girma a Krasnoyarsk Krai. ][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span>]

Zuwa kudu maso gabas ya tashi mafi girma kuma mafi nisa, ciki har da Bolshoy Sayan da Kropotkin Range, da kuma "Goltsy" irin tsaunuka, kamar Tunka Goltsy, Kitoy Goltsy, Botogolsky Goltsy, da sauransu.  Wuri mafi girma na Gabashin Sayan, da kuma mafi girman madaidaicin tsarin Sayan, 3,491 m (11,453 ft) tsayin Dutsen Munku-Sardyk, yana cikin kewayon suna iri ɗaya a wannan yanki.  2,939m (9,642 ft) tsayin Pik Tofalariya shine mafi girman wuri na yankin Irkutsk.  Duwatsun Gabashin Sayan suna nuna halayen taimako na tsaunuka.  Gabaɗaya, kogunan da ke gangarowa daga jeri suna yin kwazazzabai kuma akwai magudanan ruwa da yawa a yankin..

 Lokacin Lokacin Ice 
A cikin wannan yanki wanda a halin yanzu yana nuna ƙananan kankara ne kawai, a lokutan kankara, kankara sun sauka daga tsaunukan Munku Sardyk masu tsawo 3492 m da ke yammacin Tafkin Baikal kuma daga tsaunuka masu tsawo na dutse-gneiss (2300 m ASL) na tsaunukan Gabashin-Sayan da suka haɗa da gabas 2600 - 3110 m-high Summits a cikin kwarin Tunkinskaya Dolina, suna shiga cikin c. 30 km-wide iceberg iyayen. Harshensa na kankara wanda ya sauka zuwa gabas, zuwa Tafkin Baikal, ya ƙare a 500 m asl (51°48"28.98"N/103°0"29.86"E). Duwatsun Khamar Daban an rufe su da babban kankara wanda ya cika kwarin.   

Daga kan kwarin sa, misali.  Kwarin Slujanka na sama (51°32'N/103°37'E), amma kuma ta cikin kwaruruka masu kamanceceniya kamar kwarin Snirsdaja, glaciers ɗin kanti ya kwarara zuwa arewa zuwa tafkin Baikal.  Gilashin Snirsdaja-valley-outlet glacier ya ragu, a tsakanin sauran kantunan kantuna, a c.  400m asl zuwa tafkin Baikal (51°27'N/104°51'E).  Glacial (Würm ice age = Lokacin Glacial na ƙarshe = MIS 2) dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara (ELA) a matsayin iyakar tsayi tsakanin yankin ciyar da glacier da yankin ablation ya gudana a cikin waɗannan tsaunukan tsakanin 1450 zuwa 1250 m asl.  Wannan yayi daidai da ɓacin ran dusar ƙanƙara na 1500 m akan tsayin dusar ƙanƙara na yanzu.  Ƙarƙashin yanayin hazo mai kwatankwacin hazo zai iya haifar da wannan baƙin ciki na matsakaitan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na 7.5 zuwa 9 °C na Ƙarshe na Ice Age zuwa yau.. 

 Asalin kiwon reindeer 
A cewar Sev’yan I. Vainshtein, Sayan reindeer kiwo, kamar yadda tarihi ke yi ta Evenks, shi ne "mafi tsufa nau'i na kiwo reindeer kuma yana da alaƙa da farkon domestication na reindeer ta hanyar Samoyedic taiga yawan tsaunin Sayan a farkon karni na farko AD."]

Yankin Sayan a bayyane yake shine asalin tattalin arziki da al'adu na mafarauta da makiyaya waɗanda yanzu muke gani tsakanin kungiyoyin Evenki daban-daban da mutanen yankin Sayan. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span>]

Kakannin kungiyoyin Evenki na zamani suna zaune kusa da tsaunin Sayan, kuma yana iya yiwuwa sun shiga cikin tsarin gida na reindeer tare da mutanen Samoyedic.  sun rasa salon rayuwarsu na al'ada da kuma ƙungiyoyi kamar Mator da Kamas da ake dangantawa da su gaba ɗaya..

A cewar Juha Janhunen, da sauran masana ilimin harshe, ƙasar mahaifar harsunan Uralic tana cikin Kudancin Tsakiyar Siberiya a yankin tsaunukan Sayan.  [ba a yi nasarar tantancewa ba A halin yanzu, masanin Turkiyya Peter Benjamin Golden ya gano Proto-Turkik Urheimat a yankin kudancin taiga-steppe na yankin Sayan-Altay[3].  A madadin haka, mahaifar Proto-Uralic tana nesa da yamma (misali a yankin Volga-Kama) yayin da mahaifar Proto-Turkic ke nesa da gabas (misali "a gefen kudu na [Arewacin Eurasian Greenbelt] a Arewa maso Gabashin Asiya ... kusa da gabashin Mongoliya").  Uchiyama, J., Gillam, J., Savelyev, A., & Ning, C. (2020). "Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: A long-term perspective from Northeast Asia", Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, E16. 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba