Shari'a ta Ghana

Kotun Shari'a ta Ghana ta ƙunshi Kotun Koli na Shari'a, wanda aka kafa a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992, da Kotun Ƙananan, waɗanda Majalisar ta kafa. Matsayi na kotuna ya samo asali ne daga siffofin shari'ar Burtaniya. Kotuna suna da iko a kan dukkan batutuwan farar hula da na laifi.

 Tsarin Shari'a na Ghana 
An raba bangaren shari'a na Ghana zuwa sassa biyu: Kotun Koli na Shari'a, da ƙananan kotuna ko kotuna. An tsara manyan kotuna a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ghana don zama Kotun Koli, Kotun daukaka kara, da Babban Kotun da Kotun Yankin. Babu wani tsari na tsarin mulki na kotuna da kotuna na kasa, saboda majalisar ta kafa su ne bisa shari'a-da- shari'a. Ikon nadin Alkalai a ko'ina cikin Kotun Koli na Shari'a yana cikin hannun Babban Alkalin Kotun Kolai tare da ikon amincewa da Shugaban kasa.

 Kotun Koli 
Kotun Koli ta kunshi Babban Alkalin da akalla wasu Alkalin tara, amma tana iya sauraron shari'o'i tare da akalla Alkalin biyar da ke zaune a lokaci guda. Don a zabi wani a Kotun Koli, dole ne su yi aiki da doka aƙalla shekaru 15 kafin a zabi su. Dangane da ayyukan kotun, Kotun Koli ita ce kotun daukaka kara ta ƙarshe a duk ƙasar Ghana kuma duk kotuna masu ƙarancin matakin dole ne su bi shawarar da Kotun Kolai ta zo. Kodayake ya kamata a yi la'akari da yanke shawara da suka gabata a cikin yanke shawara, Kotun Koli tana da 'yancin barin duk wani yanke shawara da ya gabata a cikin halaye da ta ga ya dace kuma ta haka ne za ta iya canza tsarin shari'a a duk faɗin ƙasar. Dukkanin batutuwan da suka shafi fassarar Kundin Tsarin Mulki ko kimanta yawan amfani da iko ta Majalisar ko wani mutum na iko a Ghana ya fada cikin ikon Kotun Koli. Duk wani al'amari da ya shafi kula da kowane kotun da ke da ƙananan matakin a duk faɗin Ghana zai fada ne kawai ga Kotun Koli saboda suna da iko mai kula.

 Kotun daukaka kara 
Kotun daukaka kara ta kunshi Babban Alkalin, kuma ba kasa da Alkalin goma na Kotun Koli ba, dukansu suna buƙatar yin aiki aƙalla shekaru 12 na doka kafin a yi la'akari da su don nadin. Ya zuwa yanzu, akwai Alkalai 31 a Kotun daukaka kara. Ba kamar Kotun Koli ba, Kotun daukaka kara tana da iyaka da duk wani yanke shawara da ta yanke a baya kuma saboda haka ana sarrafa shi har zuwa wani mataki ta hanyar abin da alƙalai na baya suka kafa. Kotun daukaka kara na iya sauraron roko daga Kotun Koli da Kotun Yankin kan yanke shawara da aka yi a baya a kotunan da aka ambata.

 Babban Kotun 
Babban Kotun ta kunshi Babban Alkalin, ba kasa da alƙalai 20 na Babban Kotun ba, da duk wani Alkalin Kotun Koli wanda, tare da yardar Babban Alkalinsa, zai iya zama a kan ayyukan Babban Kotun. Dole ne alƙalai su kammala aƙalla shekaru 10 na aikin shari'a kafin a iya la'akari da su don aikin  kuma a halin yanzu akwai mambobi 108 na Babban Kotun. "The Judicial service of Ghana". www.judicial.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2020-03-26. Kotun tana sauraron roko daga hukuncin aikata laifuka na Kotun Da'ira, da kuma duk roko daga Gundumar, Juvenile, da Kotun Iyali. Saboda yawan batutuwa da Kotun Koli ke ji, an raba shi zuwa fannoni daban-daban ciki har da: Kasuwanci, Land, Janar Jurisdiction, Saki da Matrimonial, Probate da Letters of Administration, Labour, Criminal, Financial, da Human Rights. Saboda haka Babban Kotun (ikon keɓaɓɓen kan aiwatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci na asali).

 Kotunan Yankin 
Kotunan Yankin sun kunshi Babban Alkalin, Shugaban 1, da alƙalai da Babban Alkalen ya zaba don zama a kotuna. Kwarewar samun damar yin aiki a Kotun Yankin iri ɗaya ne da Babban Kotun. Wadannan kotuna za su gwada laifuka da suka shafi jihar da kuma bukatun jama'a da kuma sauraron roko daga ƙananan kotuna da kuma aiwatar da yanke shawara na manyan kotuna.

 Tufafin Shari'a 
Alƙalai na kotun da suka fi girma suna sa tufafin salon Burtaniya, gami da wigs da aka yi da gashin doki da riguna masu launin ja.

 Matsayin Shari'a a Dimokuradiyya 

 Kare Hakkin Dan Adam 
A kasashe da yawa na Afirka, Shari'a tana da alhakin magance korafe-korafe daga 'yan ƙasa kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam daban-daban. Koyaya, saboda batutuwan da ke kewaye da samun damar albarkatun shari'a da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin majalisun shari'o'i da yawa, cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan yanayi galibi suna ci gaba duk da shigar shari'a. A Ghana, duk da haka, Shari'a tana da rawar da ta bambanta wajen kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam. Kotuna masu girma suna da aikin adana Hakkin Dan Adam da 'Yanci na asali kamar yadda aka bayyana a sarari a cikin kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya haɗa da adana daidaito ga dukkan jinsi, launuka na fata, asali, imani, da addinai. Bugu da ƙari, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Adalci na Gudanarwa tana aiki da kanta daga Shari'a kuma tana nazarin take hakkin dan adam a cikin Ghana kuma tana ba da shawarar sauye-sauyen manufofi daidai.

 Manazarta