Jerin guguwa na Florida

Kusan 500  guguwa mai zafi da na wurare masu zafi sun shafi jihar Florida.  Guguwa da yawa sun mamaye Florida fiye da kowace jihar Amurka, kuma tun daga 1851 yanayi guda goma sha takwas ne kawai guguwa ta wuce ba tare da sanin guguwar da ta yi tasiri a jihar ba.  A dunkule, guguwa da ta afkawa yankin sun yi sanadin mutuwar sama da 10,000, wadanda akasarinsu sun faru ne kafin fara zirga-zirgar jiragen mafarauta a shekarar 1943. Bugu da kari, tasirin guguwar ya kai sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 300 (dalar Amurka 2018), musamman daga guguwar Andrew, da guguwar Irma.  2017, da 2022 yanayi bi da bi.  Guguwar baya-bayan nan da ta yi kasa a Florida ita ce guguwar Milton a shekarar 2024.

 Yanayin yanayi 
Guguwa mai zafi ta shafi Florida a kowane wata na shekara ban da Janairu da Maris.  Kusan kashi daya bisa uku na guguwar ta shafi jihar ne a cikin watan Satumba, kuma kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na guguwar ta shafi jihar ne tsakanin watan Agusta da Oktoba, wanda ya yi daidai da kololuwar lokacin guguwar.  Yankunan bakin tekun suna da lokutan dawowa, ko lokacin da ake tsammanin tsakanin guguwar ta wani yanayi mai ƙarfi ko kuma a tsakanin mil 86 (kilomita 138) na wani wuri da aka bayar, waɗanda sune mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙasar.  Guguwa 26 ta afkawa gundumar Monroe tun daga 1926, wanda shine mafi girman jimillar kowace gunduma a Amurka..

A cikin wata takarda ta Bita na Yanayi na wata-wata da aka buga a cikin 1934, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Amurka ta amince da Key West da Pensacola a matsayin biranen da ke fama da guguwa a cikin jihar;  Key West ya fuskanci guguwa guda biyu da ke tasowa daga yammacin Tekun Atlantika da Caribbean, yayin da Pensacola ta sami guguwa da ke ratsa jihar da kuma guguwa mai tada hankali a arewacin Gulf na Mexico.  A hukumance, guguwar farko da ta fara shafar jihar ita ce guguwar Alma a ranar 9 ga Yuni;  na baya-bayan nan, guguwar Kate a watan Nuwamba 21. Duk da haka, bincike na farko ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa guguwa ta afkawa jihar a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1863..    

The strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the state was the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which crossed the Florida Keys with a pressure of ; it is also the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States. Out of the ten most intense landfalling United States hurricanes, four struck Florida at peak strength.[5]
Guguwa ta farko da aka rubuta don shafar yankin da ke yanzu jihar Florida ta faru ne a 1523, lokacin da jiragen ruwa biyu da ma'aikatan su suka ɓace a gefen yammacin gabar teku. An san jimlar guguwa 159 da ta shafi jihar kafin 1900, wanda gaba ɗaya ya haifar da akalla mutuwar mutane 6,504 da lalacewar kuɗi sama da dala miliyan 102 (dala 2017). Bugu da ƙari, aƙalla jiragen ruwa 109 ko jiragen ruwa sun kai ga bakin teku, sun rushe, ko kuma sun lalace saboda guguwar. Wata guguwa mai karfi ta auku a arewa maso yammacin Florida a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1863, kuma ita ce farkon saukowa a cikin shekarar da aka sani a Amurka, tana jiran sake dubawa.   

Bayani ba shi da yawa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda iyakancewa a cikin lura da guguwa na wurare masu zafi, kodayake yayin da bakin teku suka zama mafi yawan jama'a, ƙarin bayanai sun kasance. Cibiyar Guguwa ta Kasa ta fahimci rashin tabbas a cikin duka adadin mutuwar da kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru.

 1900–1949 
A cikin tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1949, guguwa mai zafi guda 108 sun shafi jihar, wanda tare ya haifar da asarar kusan dala biliyan 4.5 (dala biliyan 2017).  Bugu da ƙari, guguwa mai zafi a Florida ne kai tsaye ke da alhakin kashe mutane kusan 3,500 a lokacin, yawancinsu sun fito ne daga guguwar Okeechobee ta 1928, mafi muni a jihar.  Lokacin 1947 shine shekarar da aka fi samun guguwa mai zafi da ta shafi jihar, tare da jimillar tsarukan guda shida.  Shekaru 1905, 1908, 1913, 1927, 1931, 1942, da 1943 sune kawai shekarun da guguwar ba ta shafi jihar ba.  

Guguwar da ta fi karfi kuma mafi tsanani da ta afkawa jihar a lokacin ita ce guguwar Ranar Ma'aikata ta 1935 - wacce ta fi kowacce karfi a tarihin Amurka.  Gabaɗaya wannan guguwar, guguwar Miami ta 1926, da guguwar 1928 ta yi sanadiyar rayuka sama da 3,280 a Florida—uku  daga cikin al'amuran yanayi 10 mafi tasiri a jihar a ƙarni na 20;  guguwar ta 1926 za ta zama mafi tsadar kowace guguwa ta Amurka a cikin ƙimar kuɗi na yanzu.  Guguwa mai hikima a shekarun 1940 na daga cikin shekarun da suka fi yawan jama'a a jihar: guguwa guda 11 sun afku daga 1944-50, shida daga cikinsu manya, gami da guguwa guda biyar na Categories 4 a Kudancin Florida.  Guguwa ta haifar da ci gaba: tasirin da ke haskakawa a cikin al'umma, yada rikitattun batutuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki, kuma suna haifar da sauye-sauye na zamani kamar sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa da ka'idojin gini..[9]         

 1950–1974 
A cikin lokacin tsakanin 1950 da 1974, guguwa 85 na wurare masu zafi ko na subtropical sun shafi jihar, wanda gaba ɗaya ya haifar da kusan dala biliyan 7 (dala 2017) a cikin lalacewa, da farko daga Guguwar Donna, Guguwar Cleo (1964)  da Dora. Bugu da ƙari, guguwar ta kasance da alhakin mutuwar mutane 93 kai tsaye kuma a kaikaice ga wasu mutuwar 23. Yawancin guguwa na wurare masu zafi sun samar da sama da inci 20 (500 mm) na ruwan sama a cikin jihar, gami da Guguwar Easy, wanda shine mafi girman jimlar a lokacin. Shekarar 1969 ita ce shekarar da aka fi samun guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da ke shafar jihar, tare da jimlar tsarin takwas. Shekaru na 1954 da 1967 sune kawai shekarun da guguwa ba ta shafi jihar ba.    

Guguwar da ta fi Sarki da ta mamaye jihar a lokacin ita ce Guguwar Donna.  [5] Bugu da ƙari, Guguwa Easy, King, Betsy, da Alma sun buga ko kuma sun shafi jihar a matsayin Manyan guguwa.
Mafi tsananin Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a cikin Jihar Florida ta Amurka tun daga shekara ta 2024MatsayiTsarinLokacinMatsi na barometric 1"Ranar Aiki"1935892 mbar (hPa) 2Mika'ilu2018919 mbar (hPa) 3Andrew1992922 mbar (hPa) 4"Maɓallan Florida"1919927 mbar (hPa) 5"Okeechobee"1928929 mbar (hPa) 6"Babban Miami"1926930 mbar (hPa) Donna19608Irma2017931 mbar (hPa) 9Helene2024939 mbar (hPa) 10"Florida"1948940 mbar (hPa) Tushen: HURDAT, "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. May 11, 2024. link=|alt=Public Domain|class=noviewer|12x12px This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Sashen Binciken Guguwa Landsea, Chris; Anderson, Craig; Bredemeyer, William; et al. (February 2024). Detailed List of Continental United States Hurricane Impacts/Landfalls 1851-1970, 1983-2023. Re-Analysis Project (Report). Miami, Florida: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division.†Ƙarfin yana nufin matsin lamba na tsakiya a kan ƙasa mai bugawa.Ƙarfin yana nufin matsin lamba na tsakiya a kan ƙasa mai rauni.

A cikin tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1999, guguwa mai zafi 83 ko na wurare masu zafi sun shafi jihar, wanda tare ya haifar da asarar dala biliyan 51.1 (dala biliyan 2017), musamman daga Hurricane Andrew, da kuma mutane 54 da suka jikkata.  Lokacin 1985 shine shekarar da guguwar iska mafi zafi ta shafi jihar, tare da jimillar tsarin takwas.  Kowace shekara ta haɗa da aƙalla guguwa mai zafi guda ɗaya da ke shafar jihar.  Guguwa mafi karfi da ta afkawa jihar a tsawon wannan lokaci ita ce guguwar Andrew, wacce ta kasance daya daga cikin guguwa guda hudu da ta afkawa Amurka.  Andrew, a lokacin, shine guguwar yanayi mafi tsada a tarihin Amurka.  Bugu da kari, guguwar Eloise, Elena, da Opal sun afkawa jihar ko kuma suka yi tasiri a jihar a matsayin manyan guguwa.
Lokacin daga 2000 zuwa yanzu an yi alama da guguwa da yawa na Arewacin Atlantic;  kamar na 2023 [sabunta], 79 cyclones na wurare masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi sun shafi jihar Florida ta Amurka.  A dunkule, guguwar da aka yi a Florida a wancan lokacin ta yi sanadin asarar sama da dala biliyan 236, mafi yawanta daga guguwar Ian.    Bugu da ƙari, guguwa mai zafi a Florida ne ke da alhakin asarar rayuka 145 kai tsaye da aƙalla na kai tsaye 92 a cikin lokacin.  Guguwa takwas ta shafi jihar a cikin 2004 da 2005, wadanda su ne shekarun da guguwar ta fi yi wa jihar tasiri.  Kowace shekara ta haɗa da aƙalla guguwa mai zafi guda ɗaya da ke shafar jihar.. 

Guguwa mafi karfi da ta mamaye jihar a lokacin shine Michael, wanda ya sauka a Florida a matsayin guguwa ta rukuni na 5 - mafi karfi tun daga Andrew a shekarar 1992. Bugu da ƙari, wasu guguwa tara sun sauka ko kuma sun shafi jihar a matsayin Manyan guguwa. 

 Babban guguwa na Florida 
Manyan guguwa masu zuwa ko dai sun fadi a jihar a matsayin babbar guguwa ko kuma sun kawo iskõki na matsayi na 3 ga jihar. Ga guguwar da ta sauka sau biyu ko fiye, matsakaicin saurin iska, sabili da haka mafi girman rukunin Saffir-Simpson, a mafi ƙarfin sauka an jera shi. Sai kawai saukowa a manyan guguwa ne aka lissafa. An lissafa guguwa tun 1851, wanda shine farkon hukuma na bayanan guguwar Atlantic.  [9] Asalin, an rarraba guguwa ta hanyar matsin lamba a cikin karni na 20;   duk da haka, ayyukan zamani suna ƙididdige ƙarfin guguwa da matsakaicin iska mai ɗorewa. Har yanzu ana rarraba guguwar Amurka ta hanyar matsin lamba ta tsakiya daga 1971 zuwa 1979;   saboda haka, ana amfani da matsakaicin iskõki masu ɗorewa a cikin bayanan guguwar Atlantic (HURDAT) don guguwa daga 1971 zuwa 1979, [1] tunda wannan lokacin ba a sake nazarin shi ba ta hanyar aikin sake nazarin guguwar Atlantika.   
+Babban guguwa na FloridaGuguwaSaffir-SimpsonCategoryRanar Tasirin (UTC) ShekaraIska da ta fadi (a cikin Knots) Wurin (s) Babban Florida ta Tsakiya31851100Birnin PanamaBa a ambaci sunansa ba31871100Tsibirin JupiterBa a ambaci sunansa ba31873100Tsibirin CaptivaBa a ambaci sunansa ba31877100Birnin PanamaBa a ambaci sunansa ba31882110NavarreBa a ambaci sunansa ba31888110Yankin rairayin bakin teku na MiamiBa a ambaci sunansa ba31894105Birnin PanamaBa a ambaci sunansa ba31896110Maɓallin CedarBa a ambaci sunansa ba31906105Marathon Gabashin FlamingoBa a ambaci sunansa ba31909100MarathonBa a ambaci sunansa ba31917100Gidan shakatawa na Fort Walton<i id="mwAb8">Maɓallan Florida</i>41919130Dry Turtles<i id="mwAc0">Tampa Bay</i>325 ga Oktoba1921100Ruwan TarponBabban Miami41926125PerrineOkeechobee41928125Palm BeachBa a ambaci sunansa ba31933110JupiterRanar Aiki51935160Maɓallin CraigBa a ambaci sunansa ba31944105Dry TurtlesBa a ambaci sunansa ba41945115North Key LargoGidaBa a ambaci sunansa ba41947115Fort LauderdaleBa a ambaci sunansa ba41948115Gabashin ChokoloskeeBa a ambaci sunansa ba41949115Tafkin WorthSauƙin31950105Gabashin Cedar KeyMaɓallin CedarSarki41950115MiamiDonna41960125Conch KeyBetsy31965100Mai shayarwaAlma31966100Dry Turtles*Eloise31975110Gabashin MakomarElena31985100Gulfport, Mississippi*Andrew51992145Elliott KeyNorth na HomesteadGidaOpal31995100Yankin rairayin bakin teku na PensacolaCharley42004130Cayo CostaPunta GordaIvan32004105Yammacin Tekun Gulf, Alabama **Jeanne32004105Tsibirin HutchinsonDennis32005105Tsibirin Santa RosaWilma32005105Cape RomanoIrma42017115Maɓallin CudjoeTsibirin MarcoMika'ilu52018140Yammacin Tekun MexicoYankin MexicoIan42022130Cayo CostaPunta GordaIdalia32023100Keaton BeachHelene42024120PerryMilton32024100Siesta KeyBayani: HURDAT, HRD [5][9] Iska mai yawa a cikin jihar.* Guguwa ta fadi a wani rukuni na ƙasa ko kuma ba ta sauka a Florida ba, amma ta kawo manyan iskõki na guguwa a can.

 Mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi tsanani 

 "Babban", "Babban" da "Mafi Girma" guguwa 
An ba da martabar Saffir–Simpson guguwar Amurka da ta fara a 1975, na farko bisa matsin lamba, sannan akan iska kaɗai tun ƙarshen 1980s;  awo na yau da kullun an auna ƙarfin kafin.  Guguwar "Babban Guguwa" ta ƙunshi iskoki sama da 125 mph (200 km/h) kuma ta baza iskar guguwa sama da mil 100 (kilomita 160) ko fiye, yayin da kuma ke haifar da tudu mai ƙarfi, ƙananan matsi, barna mai yawa, da hasashe.[18]  Guguwar "Babban" ta nuna iskar 101-135 mph (163-217 km/h) da matsi na barometric daga 28.01 zuwa 29.00 inHg (949 zuwa 982 mb);  guguwa mai "Matuƙar Girma", aƙalla 136 mph (219 km/h)—ta yi daidai da Rukunin 4 akan ma'aunin Saffir–Simpson—da 28.00 inHg (948 mb) ko ƙasa.  Daga 1880 zuwa 1960  an rarraba guguwar Florida masu zuwa a matsayin "Babban", "Major", da/ko "Mafi Girma".
+"Babban", "Major", da "Extreme" guguwa a FloridaGuguwaShekaraRanarYankin da ya shafa"Mai girma"?"Mafi Girma"?"Yana da Ƙarfin"? Rankin Florida Sauran abubuwaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1559PensacolaA'aHaka ne,Ɗaya daga cikin guguwa ta farko da aka lura a FloridaBa a ambaci sunansa baPensacolaA'aHaka ne,Rushewar PensacolaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1759SatumbaKudancin FloridaA'aHaka ne,Ruwa mai yawa tsakanin Dry Tortugas da Miami na yanzuBa a ambaci sunansa ba1766St. MarksA'aHaka ne,An ruwaito ruwa mai tsayi 12 (3.7  Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1843Tashar jiragen ruwa ta St. JoeA'aHaka ne,A'a3–4Port St. Joe ya daidaitaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1846Key West-Cedar KeyMaɓallin CedarA'aA'aHaka ne,4–5Key West ya rusheBa a ambaci sunansa ba1848Tampa Bay (Fort Brooke) A'aHaka ne,A'a4–5Ya haifar da ruwa mai tsayi 15 (4.6  a TampaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1873Punta RassaA'aHaka ne,A'a3An samar da ruwa mai tsayi 14 (4.3  Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1880Vero Beach, Palm Beach-Lake OkeechobeeTafkin OkeechobeeHaka ne,Haka ne,A'a2Yankunan da aka yi mummunan rauni a kusa da yankin Palm Beach na yanzuGundumar Palm BeachBa a ambaci sunansa ba1886Apalachicola-TallahasseeHaka ne,Haka ne,A'a2Ruwa mai tsanani da aka haifarBa a ambaci sunansa ba1893Yankin gabas na gabar tekuA'aHaka ne,A'aYa ɗanɗana zuwa  mph (140 km / h)  ya yi hawan ruwaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1894Kudu maso Yammacin FloridaA'aHaka ne,A'a2Rage 12+1⁄2 in  ) na ruwan sama a ranaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1896Maɓallin CedarA'aHaka ne,A'a3Fiye da rayuka 100Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1906Pensacola*A'aHaka ne,A'a2Guguwa mafi muni da ta kai Pensacola a cikin shekaru 170Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1906Kudu maso gabashin FloridaA'aHaka ne,A'a3Ya kashe kimanin mutane 200Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1909Maɓallan FloridaA'aHaka ne,A'a3  km / h) an yi amfani da shi kafin an nakasa anemometerBa a ambaci sunansa ba1910Key WestFort MyersHaka ne,Haka ne,A'a2Ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwaBa a ambaci sunansa ba1916Pensacola*A'aHaka ne,A'aYa ɗanɗana zuwa   km / h) Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1916PensacolaA'aHaka ne,A'a2Ya ɗanɗana zuwa  mph (183 km / h) Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1917PensacolaA'aHaka ne,A'a3Ya ɗanɗana zuwa   km / h) Maɓallan Florida1919Key WestHaka ne,Haka ne,A'a4Mafi karfi a rubuce-rubuce a Key WestTampa Bay1921Yammacin tsakiyar yankinA'aHaka ne,A'a3Guguwa mafi tsanani da ta kai Tampa a cikin shekaru 70Babban Miami1926MiamiPensacolaHaka ne,A'aHaka ne,4Iska mafi girma da matsin lamba mafi ƙasƙanci da aka samo har zuwa lokacin a AmurkaOkeechobee1928Palm Beach-Lake Okeechobee, tsibirin FloridaHaka ne,A'aHaka ne,4Ya kai ga Herbert Hoover DikeBa a ambaci sunansa ba1929Key LargoArewa maso Yammacin FloridaA'aA'aHaka ne,3An ɗanɗana shi zuwa  mph (240 km / h) Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1933Jupiter, tsibirin FloridaA'aHaka ne,A'a3Ya ɗanɗana zuwa  mph (201 km / h) Ranar Aiki1935Maɓallan FloridaGundumar TaylorHaka ne,A'aHaka ne,5Guguwa da aka lissafa a sama da  mph (320 km / h) Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1944Key West-Tampa-Jacksonville (ƙauyen) Haka ne,Haka ne,A'a3Gudun ido na sa'o'i biyar a wasu wurareBa a ambaci sunansa ba1945Gida, Kudancin FloridaA'aA'aHaka ne,4Ya yi kama da Andrew na 1992Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1947Fort Lauderdale / Pompano-Fort MyersHaka ne,A'aHaka ne,4Ya ɗanɗana zuwa  mph (249 km / h) Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1948Yankin KudancinA'aHaka ne,A'a4Ya ɗanɗana zuwa  mph (196 km / h) Ba a ambaci sunansa ba1949Delray Beach, Kudancin FloridaA'aA'aHaka ne,4Ya yi kama da guguwa ta 1928Sauƙin1950Cedar Key, tsibirinA'aHaka ne,A'a3Ya kasance guguwa mafi zafi a rubuce a Florida[40]Sarki1950Miami, tsibirinA'aHaka ne,A'a4An kawo iska mafi karfi a cikin gari na Miami tun 1926 Ya nuna iskõki sun kasance ƙasa da ƙarfin guguwa a cikin jihar.* Guguwa ta fadi a waje da Florida.

 Kididdigar kowane wata 

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