Kasuwancin makamashi mai sabuntawa

Kasuwancin makamashi mai sabuntawa ya haɗa da turawa ƙarni uku na fasahar makamashi masu sabuntawa wanda ya dawo sama da shekaru 100. Fasahar ƙarni na farko, waɗanda suka riga sun girma kuma suna da gasa ta tattalin arziki, sun haɗa da biomass, hydroelectricity, ikon geothermal da zafi. Fasahar ƙarni na biyu suna shirye-shiryen kasuwa kuma ana tura su a halin yanzu; sun haɗa da dumama hasken rana, photovoltaics, wutar lantarki, Tashoshin wutar lantarki na hasken rana. Fasahar ƙarni na uku tana buƙatar ci gaba da ƙoƙarin R&amp;D don yin babban gudummawa a kan sikelin duniya kuma sun haɗa da ingantaccen iskar gas, wutar lantarki mai zafi, da makamashin teku. A cikin 2019, kusan kashi 75% na sabon ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka shigar ya yi amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa  kuma Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) ta yi hasashen cewa nan da 2025, ƙarfin sabuntawa zai hadu da kashi 35% na samar da wutar wutar lantarki ta duniya. 

Manufofin jama'a da jagorancin siyasa suna taimakawa wajen "matakin filin wasa" da kuma fitar da karɓar fasahar makamashi mai sabuntawa. Kasashe irin su Jamus, Denmark, da Spain sun jagoranci hanyar aiwatar da sabbin manufofi wanda ya haifar da mafi yawan ci gaban da ya gabata. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jamus tana da alƙawarin sauyawar "Energiewende" zuwa tattalin arzikin makamashi mai ɗorewa, kuma Denmark tana da alƙawari ga 100% mai sabuntawa nan da shekara ta 2050. Yanzu akwai kasashe 144 tare da manufofin Manufofin makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Makamashi mai sabuntawa ya ci gaba da saurin ci gaba a cikin 2015, yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Akwai sabon rikodin da aka saita don shigar da iska da ƙarfin photovoltaic (64GW da 57GW) da kuma sabon matsayi na US $ 329 biliyan don saka hannun jari na duniya. Babban fa'idar da wannan ci gaban saka hannun jari ke kawowa shine ci gaban ayyukan yi. Kasashe mafi girma don saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sune China, Jamus, Spain, Amurka, Italiya, da Brazil. Kamfanonin makamashi masu sabuntawa sun hada da BrightSource Energy, First Solar, Gamesa, GE Energy, Goldwind, Sinovel, Targray, Trina Solar, Vestas, da Yingli.  

Damuwar canjin yanayi   suna haifar da karuwar ci gaba a masana'antun makamashi masu sabuntawa.   Dangane da tsinkaya ta 2011 ta IEA, janareto na hasken rana na iya samar da mafi yawan wutar lantarki a duniya a cikin shekaru 50, rage hayakin gas mai cutarwa.

 Tarihi 
alt=refer to caption and image description|right|thumb|Tallafin jama'a na duniya don tushen makamashi, bisa ga binciken da Ipsos ya yi (2011) 

 Dalilin sabuntawa 
Canjin yanayi, gurɓataccen yanayi, da rashin tsaro na makamashi sune manyan matsaloli, kuma magance su yana buƙatar manyan canje-canje ga kayan aikin makamashi. Fasahar Makamashi mai sabuntawa sune mahimman masu ba da gudummawa ga fayil ɗin samar da makamashi, yayin da suke ba da guddina ga tsaron makamashi na duniya, rage dogaro da man fetur, kuma wasu suna ba da dama don rage iskar gas. Ana maye gurbin burbushin burbushin halittu masu lalacewa ta hanyar tsabta, daidaita yanayin yanayi, hanyoyin samar da makamashi marasa amfani.

 Manazarta