Likitoci na farko a Najeriya

A Najeriya, likita ne na farko (ECD) likita ne ko likitan hakora a farkon matakin aikin su na sana'a bayan kammala karatunsu. Wannan ya haɗa da jami'an gida, Likitoci mazauna da jami'in kiwon lafiya a ƙasa da matsayin babban jami'in likita / haƙori (PMO / PDO). Adebayo O, Fagbule O, Omololu A, Ibrahim Y, Isibor E, Olaopa O, Ude A, Buowari D, Efuntoye O, Igbokwe M, Kpuduwei S, Ogunsuji O. (2019). We are Early Career Doctors We are NARD.  Ana amfani da wannan kalmar sosai a Najeriya idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin likita a Ingila da Ostiraliya. Kodayake Junior Doctors na iya zama daidai da ECDs, ECDs suna rungumar ma'aikatan likitoci fiye da ƙananan likitoci musamman kamar yadda yake a Burtaniya ko Ostiraliya. Suna iya shiga horo ko matsayi mara horo a wannan lokacin a ci gaban sana'arsu. Wadanda ke cikin matsayi na horo yayin ba da sabis sun haɗa da Likitan gida ko likitan gida da likitocin mazauna. Duk da yake jami'an kiwon lafiya da manyan jami'an likita ko rukunin likitancin hakora suna cikin matsayin da ba na horo ba. Gabaɗaya, wannan lokacin yawanci yana da alaƙa da farkon aiki zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar dangane da hanyar da likitan aiki na farko ya zaɓa don ci gaban ƙwarewar su.
Babban kungiyar ECDs a Najeriya ita ce kungiyar likitocin Najeriya (NARD) wacce a baya ake kira National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria (NARD), mai alaƙa da Kungiyar Likitoci ta Najeriya (NMA).  Tana da rassa 74 da ke zaune galibi a asibitocin koyarwa na Tarayya da na Jiha, asibitoci na kwararru da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Jama'a na Babban Birnin Tarayya.

 Tarihin nomenclature 
Kalmar ECDs kwanan nan ta sami karuwar shahara musamman tare da amfani da kalmar a cikin ƙalubalen horar da mazaunin da likitocin aiki na farko a Najeriya (CHARTING) wanda shine babban cibiyar da yawa da kuma nazarin fannoni da yawa a Najeriya don bincika jigogi masu alaƙa da ECDs. Har ila yau a cikin wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan na NARD.

Amfani da farko da kalmar a cikin wallafe-wallafen shine Milne et al. a cikin 2013.  Abin sha'awa shi ne Ƙasar Ingila inda kalmar kamar Junior likitoci ya fi yaduwa. Duk da yake daga baya kuma ana amfani da su a wasu lokuta a Ostiraliya kuma a cikin waɗannan wurare biyu suna bayyana masu horar da likitoci ko masu horar ko likitoci mazauna kuma sun cire likitocin hakora.

 Haɗin kai 
NARD ita ce babbar ƙungiya ta Ƙungiyar Likitocin Najeriya kuma a wasu yankuna ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin reshe mai fafutuka na aikin likita. Wannan mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga matsayinta daban-daban a cikin shekaru yana ba da shawara da gwagwarmaya don inganta lafiyar likitoci da aikin kiwon lafiya gaba ɗaya. Babu wani fa'ida da aikin likita ya shiga kuma ya dogara da kuzari da ƙarfin wannan rukuni na samari maza da mata. Don haka, ba za a iya musanta cewa NARD ya kasance babban abin da ya samu ta hanyar aikin likita a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata.

Abin baƙin ciki, wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwagwarmaya dole ne a gurfanar da su tare da ayyukan masana'antu. Abin mamaki, kamar yadda gwamnati ta ƙi jin kalmar "harin", har yanzu harshe ne gwamnati ta fi fahimta kuma sau da yawa tana amsawa a Najeriya. Wannan abin takaici ne saboda babu wani likita da ke son barin marasa lafiya, amma neman rayuwa da adanawa yawanci ya bar shi ba tare da wani zaɓi ba. Abin sha'awa, an sake fasalin rantsuwar Hippocratic a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan don karɓar gaskiyar cewa likitan yana buƙatar kula da kansa don ba shi damar halartar wasu.

Dama daga farkon shekarun saba'in, NARD ta karɓi gauntlet, kuma ɗaya daga cikin gwagwarmayar farko ita ce batun alawus na kira, wanda gwamnatin farar hula ta Alhaji Shehu Shagari ta amince da shi. NARD da NMA sun shiga cikin rikici tare da mulkin soja na Janar Muhammadu Buhari game da inganta wuraren asibiti, haɗin asibiti na kasashen waje ga membobinta da batutuwan jin dadin jama'a daban-daban, kuma rundunar soja ta haramta ƙungiyoyi biyu.Adebayo O, Fagbule O, Omololu A, Ibrahim Y, Isibor E, Olaopa O, Ude A, Buowari D, Efuntoye O, Igbokwe M, Kpuduwei S, Ogunsuji O. (2019). We are Early Career Doctors We are NARD. 

Shugabannin kungiyar dole ne su rufe rayukansu masu ƙauna, kuma wannan lokacin ya kasance daya daga cikin lokutan duhu a cikin sana'a kamar yadda aka yi imanin cewa wannan na iya haifar da zubar da kwakwalwa na shekarun tamanin. Bayan mulkin Babangida ya ɗaga haramcin ta, NARD ya ci gaba daga inda ya tsaya kuma ya fara yajin aiki na kasa a ƙarshen 1992, kuma wannan ya haifar da sake dubawa na farko na tsohuwar Scale na Albashi na Kiwon Lafiya (MSS). Ya dace a lura cewa NMA ta goyi bayan tattaunawar don sabon ma'aunin albashi CONMESS, yajin aikin NARD ne na Afrilu 2010 wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da aiwatarwa.

2014 zai kasance shekara guda don tunawa a cikin tarihin ƙungiyar likitoci yayin da NARD da NMA dukansu suka sake shiga yajin aiki a watan Yuli. Bukatar sun kasance ingantaccen wurare, daidaituwa, ɗaukar kiwon lafiya na duniya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa. Lalacewar da aka samu daga wannan yajin aikin shine dakatar da horar da zama ta gwamnatin Jonathan a kokarin tilasta kusan yajin aikin watanni biyu a saman rikicin Ebola ya ƙare. Kwanan nan, NARD ta ba da shawara kuma ta yi yaƙi don tabbatar da cewa majalisar dokoki ta ba da horo ga zama doka kuma daga baya Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da shi. Ta kuma biyo baya don tabbatar da aiwatar da wannan Dokar ta hanyar hukumomin gwamnati da asibitocin koyarwa. Har ila yau, dole ne ta fitar da tankuna don neman izinin COVID-19 na musamman ga duk ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da aiwatar da mutuwa a cikin manufofin inshora na sabis ga duk ma-aikatan kiwon lafiyar.

A cikin shekaru, gwamnatoci daban-daban sun amsa waɗannan gwagwarmaya a hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai barazanar jakar kuma, hakika, ainihin jakar. Wadannan sun bar ta da wasu alamomi daga yaƙe-yaƙe da suka gabata, duk da haka, NARD a matsayin ƙungiyar ta kasance mai ƙarfi da ƙuduri wajen taka rawar jagora don inganta lafiyar likitoci. Kyakkyawan nasarorin da aka samu a cikin shekaru suna haskakawa ga kowa don gani yayin da yake bayyane cewa makoma da makomar sana'ar sun kasance a kafaɗarta. Nard ta kuma koyi ilimin diflomasiyya ta hanyar amfani da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, musamman jagorancin karɓar majalisa ta 8 da 9 a bin bukatun ta. An yi tarihi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2021 lokacin da Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai, Mai Girma Femi Gbajabiamila, ya jagoranci wasu 'yan majalisar don saduwa da kungiyar a Sakatariyar NARD. Wannan ya biyo bayan wani aikin masana'antu da aka dakatar da shi kwanan nan inda gidan ya sake taka rawar sulhu.

 Batutuwan wurin aiki da aiki 
Likitan aiki na farko a Najeriya yana fuskantar kalubale da batutuwa masu yawa, musamman, a wurin aiki yayin da yake da alaƙa da aikinsu da ci gaban aikinsu. Wadannan ƙalubalen suna da yawa kuma na musamman saboda yanayin da ke kewaye da aikin likita da kuma bangaren kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya a Najeriya.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba