Internship placement for health professionals in Nigeria

Editing Internship placement for health professionals in Najeriya   yana nufin wajibi ne, kuma tsari ne na musamman na koyon aiki a karkashin kulawa bayan kammala karatun ilimin lafiya na jami’a ko na ƙwararru. Wannan mataki yana zama gadar haɗi tsakanin koyarwar ilimi da yin aiki kai tsaye a fannin lafiya. Ba wai doka da majalisun ƙwararru kawai ke wajabta shi ba, har ma ana buƙatarsa kafin a samu cikakken lasisi da rajista a fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya

A Najeriya, horo na horarwa yana da niyyar karfa ilimin ka'idoji da ƙwarewar da aka samu a lokacin ilimin jami'a ko kwaleji tare da hannu, ƙwarewar aiki a cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya na duniya. Yana tabbatar da cewa masu digiri suna nuna ƙwarewar asibiti, ka'idojin ƙwararru, da kuma ikon yin aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya masu yawa kafin a ba su damar yin aiki da kansu.

Ayyukan horon aiki (internship) ana gudanar da su ne a cibiyoyi da hukumomin da suka dace suka amince da su. Wannan ya haɗa da asibitocin koyarwa, cibiyoyin lafiya na tarayya, asibitocin ƙwararru, da kuma a wasu lokuta, asibitocin masu zaman kansu da ke da cikakkun kayan aiki. Tsawon lokacin horon aiki yana bambanta bisa ga sana’a, amma yawanci yana ɗaukar watanni 12.

 Tarihi 
Tsarin kiwon lafiya a Najeriya, kamar mutane da yawa a Kudancin Duniya, ya dogara sosai ga ma'aikatan da aka horar da su sosai, an kula da su sosai. Tsarin sanyawa na horarwa ya fito ne a matsayin babban bangare na ci gaban ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don mayar da martani ga buƙatar daidaitawa a cikin horar da kwararru da tabbatar da ayyukan asibiti masu aminci.

A tarihi, aikin likita da na kiwon lafiya a Najeriya ba su da tsari kuma sau da yawa sun bambanta a fadin yankuna da cibiyoyi. Koyaya, yayin da buƙatar kulawa mai inganci ta karu, haka kuma buƙatar sake fasalin yadda aka shigar da sabbin masu digiri a cikin tsarin. A tsawon lokaci, kafa majalisun masu tsarawa na kwararru kamar su Majalisar Likitoci da Dental ta Najeriya (MDCN), Majalisar Nursing da Midwifery ta Najeriya (NMCN) , da Majalisar Pharmacy ta Najeriya (PCN) sun haifar da tsarawa da tsara horo.

Kowace sana'ar kiwon lafiya yanzu tana da tsarin karatu ko tsarin horo. Wadannan sun hada da juyawa ta hanyar manyan sassan, kula da haƙuri, takardu, shiga cikin tarurrukan asibiti, da kimantawa na lokaci-lokaci ta manyan masu sana'a. Misali:

 Ana buƙatar likitocin kiwon lafiya su juya ta hanyar sassan kamar su magani na ciki, tiyata, ilimin yara, da obstetrics & gynecology.
 Dole ne likitocin su yi juyawa a kantin magani na asibiti, kantin magani, da aikin al'umma.
 Masana kimiyya na dakin gwaje-gwaje na kiwon lafiya suna samun gogewa a cikin microbiology, hematology, chemistry pathology, da histopathology.

Har ila yau, tsarin horarwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance gibin bayar da kiwon lafiya, musamman a yankunan da ba su da wadata a Najeriya. Interns, ko da yake har yanzu a karkashin kulawa, sau da yawa suna aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=12099&context=dissertations

Duk da muhimmancinsa, tsarin sanyawa a Najeriya yana fuskantar kalubale kamar wuce gona da iri, cibiyoyin sanyawa marasa isasshen, batutuwan da suka shafi dabaru, da rahotanni na son kai da cin hanci da rashawa. Wadannan batutuwan sun haifar da kira ga sauye-sauye na tsarin, gami da tashoshin sanya dijital, kara kudade, da rarraba cibiyoyin horo a duk faɗin ƙasar.

 Tsarin sanyawa 
Matsayi na Internship yawanci yana biye da kammala gwaje-gwaje na ƙwararru na ƙarshe da kuma kyautar digiri na cancanta (misali, MBBS, B.Pharm, BMLS). Tsarin ya hada da:

 Aikace-aikacen zuwa asibitoci masu cancanta: Masu kammala karatun suna gabatar da aikace-aikace ga cibiyoyin da majalisun kwararru suka amince da su.
 Zaɓuɓɓuka da gayyata: Dangane da cancanta, ramuka masu samuwa, da ka'idojin ma'aikata, ana sanya 'yan takara kuma an gayyace su don ganawa ko sanyawa kai tsaye.
 Bayar da lasisi na wucin gadi: Hukumomin da ke kula da su suna ba da lasisi ya wucin rai wanda ke ba da damar mai digiri ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawa a lokacin horarwa.
 Farawar horo: Interns suna juyawa ta hanyar sassan daban-daban a karkashin kulawa.
 Bincike da takaddun shaida: A ƙarshen horarwa, ana kimanta masu horarwa kuma, idan sun ci nasara, ana ba da takaddar shaida na kammalawa don cikakken rajista.

 Ƙalubalen 
Tsarin shigar da horo a Najeriya sau da yawa yana cike da ƙalubale da yawa:

 Ƙayyadaddun ramuka: Sau da yawa akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin yawan masu karatun digiri da kuma wuraren horarwa.
 Rashin daidaito na ƙasa: Wasu yankuna suna da cibiyoyin da aka amince da su, suna tilasta wa masu karatun su sake komawa.
 jinkirin sanyawa: Wasu masu digiri suna fuskantar dogon lokaci kafin samun sanyawa.
 Cin hanci da rashawa da son zuciya: Zarge-zargen nepotism, cin hanci, da son zuciya a cikin tsarin zaɓe sun zama ruwan dare.
 Rashin biyan kuɗi: Wasu ma'aikata suna fuskantar biyan kuɗi na baya ko rashin biyan kuɗi.
 Yanayin aiki mara kyau: Interns wani lokacin suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba shi da kyau tare da iyakantaccen kulawa da ababen more rayuwa.

 Kula da tsari 
Kowace kwararru tana kula da horar da horarwar horarwa ta hanyar amincewa da cibiyoyin, tsara ka'idojin horar da su, da kimantawa ga masu horar da ma'aikata. Wasu daga cikin manyan hukumomin da ke kula da su sun hada da:

 Majalisar Likita da Lantarki ta Najeriya (MDCN) 
 Majalisar Nursing da Midwifery ta Najeriya (NMCN) 
 Majalisar likitocin Najeriya (PCN)  
 Majalisar Kimiyya ta Laboratory ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Najeriya (MLSCN) 

Wadannan majalisun suna buga jerin sunayen cibiyoyin da aka amince da su kuma suna sa ido kan bin jagororin horarwa.

 Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan 

 A cikin 2020, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya da MDCN sun gabatar da gyare-gyare don sauƙaƙe tsarin aikawa ga masu aikin likita.
 Akwai kira mai girma don Tsarin shigar da horo na tsakiya, mai kama da tsarin Sabis na Matasa na Kasa (NYSC).
 Kungiyar Likitocin Mazauna Najeriya (NARD) da sauran kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun yi kira ga gwamnati akai-akai da ta kara kudade da nuna gaskiya a cikin tsarin horarwa.

 Dubi kuma 
 Early career doctors in Nigeria
 Medical education in Nigeria
 Health care in Nigeria
 National Youth Service Corps
 Education in Nigeria
 Pharmacists Council of Nigeria
 Medical internship

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba