Rikicin ruwa na Cape Town

Rikicin ruwan Cape Town a Afirka ta Kudu ya kasance shekaru da yawa a cikin 2015-2020 na karancin ruwa a yankin Western Cape, wanda ya fi shafar birnin Cape Town . Matsakaicin ruwan madatsar ruwan ya fara raguwa a shekarar 2015 kuma matsalar ruwan Cape Town ta kai kololuwa a tsakiyar shekarar 2017 zuwa tsakiyar 2018 lokacin da ruwan ya kai tsakanin kashi 14 zuwa 29 na yawan karfin madatsar ruwa.

A ƙarshen 2017, an fara ambaton tsare-tsare na "Ranar Zero", taƙaitaccen bayani game da ranar da matakin ruwa na manyan madatsun ruwa da ke samar da Birni zai iya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 13.5.    "Day Zero" ya zama lokaci don nuna farkon matakan hana ruwa na Mataki na 7, lokacin da za a kashe kayan ruwa na birni da yawa kuma ana tunanin cewa mazauna za su iya yin layi don rabon ruwa na yau da kullun. Idan da hakan ta faru, da hakan zai sanya birnin Cape Town ya zama babban birni na farko a duniya da ya kaure da karancin ruwan sha a cikin kananan hukumomin.   Rikicin ruwa na Cape Town ya faru a daidai lokacin da fari na Gabashin Cape, wanda ke cikin wani yanki na daban a kusa.

Birnin Cape Town ya aiwatar da tsauraran matakan hana ruwa a wani yunkuri na dakile amfani da ruwa, wanda ya rage yawan ruwan da yake amfani da shi na yau da kullum da fiye da rabi zuwa kusan lita miliyan 500 (130,000,000 US gal) a kowace rana a cikin Maris 2018.  Faduwar amfani da ruwa ya sa birnin ya jinkirta kiyasin "Ranar Zero", kuma ruwan sama mai karfi ya fara farfadowa a watan Yuni 1.  A cikin watan Satumba na 2018, tare da matakan dam kusa da kashi 70, birnin ya fara sauƙaƙe ƙuntatawa na ruwa, wanda ke nuna cewa mafi munin matsalar ruwa ya ƙare.  Ruwan sama mai kyau a cikin 2020 yadda ya kamata ya karya fari kuma ya haifar da karancin ruwa lokacin da matakan madatsar ruwa ya kai kashi 95 cikin dari. 

 Fage 
Yankin Cape Town yana fuskantar yanayi na Bahar Rum tare da dumi, bushewar lokacin rani da ruwan sama na hunturu. Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Yammacin Cape ya dogara kusan gaba ɗaya akan ruwan sama, wanda ake kamawa kuma ana adana shi a cikin manyan madatsun ruwa guda shida da ke cikin wuraren tsaunuka.  Ana yin cajin madatsun ruwa ne ta hanyar ruwan sama da ke faɗowa a yankunan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, galibi a lokacin sanyi na watanni na Mayu zuwa Agusta, kuma matakan dam ɗin suna raguwa a lokacin rani na watanni na Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu inda amfani da ruwa na birane ke ƙaruwa kuma ana samun ban ruwa a yankunan noma.

Amfani da birane da aikin gona yana cinye kusan kashi 70 da kashi 30 bisa 100 na jimillar ruwan da tsarin samar da ruwan sha na Western Cape ke bayarwa, tare da sauye-sauye na yanayi.   A cikin zamanin bayan wariyar launin fata, kuma a ƙarƙashin tsarin Tsarin Ruwa na Kyauta na Kyauta, Birnin Cape Town ya karɓi tsarin haɓaka tsarin jadawalin kuɗin fito don farashin ruwa, wanda aka azabtar da mafi girma masu amfani da ruwa tare da mafi girman jadawalin kuɗin fito don hana amfani, yayin da aka saita jadawalin farko block a (kusa) sifili don tabbatar da samun daidaiton ruwa zuwa kowane matakin asali na Afirka ta Kudu.  Magidanta masu rahusa masu rijista a Cape Town tare da haɗin kai tsaye da ruwa da tsafta suna karɓar lita 6 000 na farko a kowane wata na ruwa kyauta, kuma ana cajin kuɗin fito ne kawai don cinyewa sama da adadin.  Magidanta a ƙauyuka na yau da kullun ana ba da ruwa daga famfun jama'a da kuma amfani da bandakunan jama'a.  Ga manoman da ke samun ruwa daga Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape, ana duba su da allunan ban ruwa da ƙungiyoyi masu amfani da ruwa. Manoman da yawa kuma suna shiga tsarin rarraba ban ruwa (daga takamaiman kwararar kogi), kuma suna da madatsun ruwa masu zaman kansu da rijiyoyin burtsatse .  Birnin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba sa samun riba a kan siyar da ruwa, kuma manufofin farashin ruwa na ƙoƙarin daidaita daidaito, daidaito da buƙatun dawo da farashi. 

Zamanin ƙarancin ruwan sama na hunturu a 2000-2001 da 2003-2004 ya haifar da hana ruwa.   A cikin 2003, Birnin ya shiga yarjejeniya tare da Sashen Ruwa da Dazuzzuka na lokacin don gina madatsar ruwa ta Berg da Tsarin kari sannan kuma ta fara kula da bukatar ruwa. A shekarar 2009, an karu da karfin ajiyar madatsun ruwa da ke samar da Cape Town da kashi 17 cikin 100 daga 768 zuwa miliyan 898 cubic meters lokacin da aka kammala aikin madatsar ruwan Berg da kuma shirin samar da kayayyaki. 

A cikin 2015, Birnin Cape Town ya sami babbar lambar yabo ta ƙasa da ƙasa tare da sanin ƙoƙarinsu na Kula da Ruwa da Buƙatun Ruwa (WCWDM). Cape Town ya yi nasara musamman wajen rage asarar ruwa ta hanyar yoyon fitsari, inda aka samu asarar ruwa da kashi 14 cikin dari, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin kashi 35 cikin dari na kasa. Dokokin sun kuma fayyace cewa ya kamata a samar da ingantattun kayan aikin ruwa da Ofishin Ma'auni na Afirka ta Kudu ya amince da shi don duk sabbin ci gaba da gyare-gyare.  

 Tsarin lokaci 
Matakan ruwa a matsayin kashi na jimlar ƙarfin madatsar ruwa a shekara.  Manyan madatsun ruwa Iya (megalitres) 17 Mayu 2021  18 Mayu 2020  13 Mayu 2019  14 Mayu 2018  15 ga Mayu, 2017 15 ga Mayu, 2016 15 ga Mayu, 2015 15 ga Mayu 2014 Kogin Berg Dam 130,010 76.1 65.6 68.1 39.2 32.4 27.2 54.0 90.5 Steenbras Lower 33,517 58.0 48.4 38.6 35.4 26.5 37.6 47.9 39.6 Steenbras babba 31,767 54.2 96.5 65.0 59.6 56.7 56.9 57.8 79.1 Theewaterskloof Dam 480,188 75.2 50.2 36.1 12.0 15.0 31.3 51.3 74.5 Voelvlei Dam 164,095 58.3 50.4 55.4 14.5 17.2 21.3 42.5 59.5 Wemmershoek Dam 58,644 59.1 43.3 43.6 48.4 36.0 48.5 50.5 58.8 Jimlar da aka adana (megalitres) 898,221 626,907 481,370 411,849 191,843 190,300 279,954 450,429 646,137 Jimlar % Adana 100 69.8 53.6 45.9 21.4 21.2 31.2 50.1 71.9

 Manazarta 

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