Ofishin Taimako da Tabbatar da Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya

Ofishin Tallafin Tallafin Tarayyar Afirka a Somalia (AUSSOM) aiki ne na kiyaye zaman lafiya wanda ya fara a 2025 wanda Tarayyar Afrika (AU) ta ba da izini don maye gurbin Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afrịka a Somalia (ATMIS). Manufar ita ce ta tallafa wa jami'an tsaro na Somaliya wajen daidaita kasar da yaki da Al-Shabaab, yayin da yake sauƙaƙe mika nauyin tsaro ga gwamnatin Somaliya.

Tsarin AUSSOM ya samo asali ne daga matsalolin kudi da, tashin hankali na siyasa, musamman game da rawar da Habasha ke takawa. Manufar ita ce ta kunshi ma'aikata 11,900, gami da sojoji, 'yan sanda, da ma'aikatan farar hula, waɗanda Uganda, Habasha, Djibouti, Kenya, da Masar suka ba da gudummawa. Damuwa game da take hakkin dan adam da ayyukan AU na baya suka aikata, gami da kisan kai da tashin hankali na jima'i, sun haifar da bincike kan zabin sojoji da sa ido. An soki AUSSOM saboda ma'aikatan kariya ta doka da ke aiki a karkashin, wanda ya hana lissafin laifuka da cin zarafi.

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 

 AMISOM da ATMIS 
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, an tura Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka zuwa Somaliya (AMISOM) biyo bayan mamayewar Habasha da nufin hambarar da sabuwar gwamnatin Islama da kuma shigar da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Musamman (TFG). Manufar aikin AU ita ce ta taimaka wa Habashawa wajen tallafawa TFG kuma yayin da suke ba da dabarun fita ga sojojin Habasha yayin da kasancewarsu ke haifar da karuwar tashin hankali, wanda kungiyar Al-Shabaab ke zama babban bangare na. Shekaru 15 bayan turawa AMISOM ya koma Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya (ATMIS), tare da burin mika cikakken alhakin tsaro ga sojojin gwamnatin Somalia.

Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta Tarayyar Afirka ta amince da kirkirar AUSSOM a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024,  tare da shirye-shiryen fara aikin a 2025,  bayan janyewar ATMIS a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2024. Shugaban Somaliya Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ya nemi goyon baya daga tsoffin masu ba da gudummawa na ATMIS, yana ƙarfafa su su shiga cikin AUSSOM.

Tallafin jama'a, wani muhimmin abu a kokarin yaki da Al-Shabaab, ya lalace ta hanyar halayyar sojojin AU. A cewar Jethro Norman, mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Denmark, cin zarafi da Laifukan yaki da sojojin AU suka aikata a Somalia "sun haifar da mummunan fushi tsakanin yawancin mutanen Somaliya... Rashin lissafi kawai ya kara wannan rashin amincewa - yana ƙarfafa imanin cewa sojojin AU na iya yin aiki ba tare da hukunci ba. " Al-Shabaab ya yi amfani da fushin Somaliya game da rashin hukunci da rashin halayyar sojojin AU, ta amfani da shi don karfafa daukar ma'aikata da kuma tabbatar da hare-hare.

 Rikicin Habasha da Somalia 

Matsalolin kudi da karuwar tashin hankali tsakanin Somaliya da Habasha bayan sanya hannu kan Somaliland_memorandum_of_understanding" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland memorandum of understanding">Yarjejeniyar fahimta Habasha tare da Somaliland zai iya jinkirta sauyawa. Al'ummar kasa da kasa sun rabu kan tallafin kudi ga sabon tsarin manufofi.

A ranar 27 ga Disamba 2024, ba da daɗewa ba, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri 2767 na tura wannan manufa wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2025, ya maye gurbin Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka na yanzu a Somalia. A halin yanzu ba a san ko za a ba Habasha damar shiga cikin aikin ba,  yayin da aka cire sojojin Habasha daga sabon shirin AUSSOM saboda abubuwan da suka faru akai-akai inda ake zargin sojojin su sun keta ikon mallakar Somaliya.  Ya zuwa 2 ga Janairun 2025, Somaliya tana la'akari da juyar da shawarar da za a yanke na cire Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha (ENDF) daga AUSSOM. A wannan rana Ministan Tsaro na Habasha ya yi tafiya zuwa Mogadishu don tattaunawa game da aikin AU. Ministan Harkokin Waje na Somalia, Ali Balcad, ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da Bloomberg News, "Ganin cewa an warware batutuwan da ke tsakanin Somalia da Habasha ta hanyar Sanarwar Ankara, Somalia a shirye take ta sake la'akari da hada Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha a cikin aikin AUSSOM mai zuwa, "   

 Rarraba sojojin Tarayyar Afirka 
A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2025, Gwamnatin tarayya ta Somalia da Tarayyar Afirka sun kammala rarraba sojoji don sabon aikin da kuma warware rikice-rikicen da suka gabata tsakanin Habasha da Somaliya kuma daga baya Burundi da Somaliya. Aikin zai tura ma'aikata 11,900, gami da sojoji, 'yan sanda, da ma'aikatan farar hula. A karkashin yarjejeniyar, Uganda za ta ba da gudummawar sojoji 4,500, sannan Habasha da 2,500, Djibouti da 1,520, Kenya da 1,410, da Masar da 1,091.

 Amsoshin 

 Tsoffin mambobin ATMIS / AMISOM 

 : Habasha ta nuna sha'awar shiga sabon aikin duk da kin amincewar Somaliya da farko saboda Somaliland_memorandum_of_understanding" id="mwlQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland memorandum of understanding">Yarjejeniyar fahimta Habasha da Somaliland .  Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Somalia ta soki Habasha, inda ta nuna karuwar ayyukan Al-Shabaab da ke da alaƙa da kasancewarta. A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, tare da sulhu na Turkiyya, Habasha da Somaliya sun cimma yarjejeniya don sauƙaƙe tashin hankali. A lokacin taron manema labarai na Somaliya Shugaban kasar Hassan Sheikh ya yaba da gudummawar Habasha ga ayyukan AU a Somaliya kuma ya bayyana cewa "za mu ci gaba da hakan". Manyan jami'an gwamnatin Somaliya sun bayyana wa 'yan jarida cewa gwamnati "a shirye take ta sake la'akari da" shigar Habasha a cikin AUSSOM bayan tattaunawar Ankara. Koyaya, bayan 'yan kwanaki, Somaliya ta zargi sojojin Habasha da hare-hare kan sojojin Somaliya, 'yan sanda da sansanonin leken asiri wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane. Wannan ya bar sa hannun Habasha a cikin aikin ba tare da tabbas ba. A taron Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, gwamnatin Somaliya ta hana Habasha shiga ta hanyar bayyana cewa yarjejeniyar tsaro ta yanzu ta isa, amma mai ba da shawara kan tsaro na kasa daga baya ya ba da shawarar cewa har yanzu ba a cimma shawarar yanke shawara ba. Sauran jami'an Somaliya sun nace cewa ba a yanke shawara ta ƙarshe game da sojojin Habasha ba. Wasu masu kallo sun yi imanin cewa Somaliya tana amfani da AUSSOM a matsayin guntu har sai Habasha ta soke yarjejeniyar tare da Somaliland.

 : Djibout ta kuma ba da shawarar aika dakarun kiyaye zaman lafiya zuwa AUSSOM;  Somalia ta maraba da wannan. 

 : Ministan harkokin waje na Uganda Henry Oryem Okello ya yi adawa da tura sojojin Masar, yana mai cewa suna iya mamaye AUSSOM. Bayan haka, shugaban Somaliya Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ya tafi Uganda don yin magana da shugaban Uganda Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, don shawo kan Uganda ta goyi bayan taimakon Masar a aikin.

 : Shugaban Kenya William Ruto ya sadu da shugaban Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud don tattauna AUSSOM, wanda ya ƙare tare da Kenya ta amince da sabon aikin.

 : Burundi, wani tsohon mai ba da gudummawa ga ATMIS, ya kuma ga ziyarar da shugaban kasar Somaliya ya kai wanda ya ƙare tare da shugaban kasar Évariste Ndayishimiye yana maraba da aikin. Burundi daga baya ta tabbatar da cewa ba za ta shiga cikin aikin ba saboda "rashin yarjejeniya" tsakanin Burundi da Somalia game da yawan sojojin da za ta iya turawa ga AUSSOM. Jami'an Burundi sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnatocin Somaliya sun yi watsi da su saboda rarraba ƙananan sojoji ga kasar, wanda suka tabbatar da cewa zai bar sojojin Burundi a bude don kai hari.

 Sauran Jihohi 

 Masar: Masar ta ba da shawarar aika sojoji 10,000 zuwa Somalia,  5,000 don AUSSOM da wasu 5,000 waɗanda za su yi aiki da kansu a yankin Hiiraan na Somalia da ke kan iyakar Habasha.  Dangane da yunkurin Habasha na kafa sansanin sojan ruwa da kuma amincewa da Somaliland, Somaliya ta kara juyawa ga Masar. A watan Agustan 2024, gwamnatin Somaliya ta ba da sanarwar cewa a watan Janairun 2025, Sojojin Masar za su maye gurbin sojojin Habasha da aka tura a karkashin ATMIS. Jami'an Masar sun bayyana cewa za su aika da makamai ciki har da motocin makamai, bindigogi, radars, da drones zuwa Somalia a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar tsaro.

 Amurka: Amurka ma tana da kyakkyawan fata game da sauyawa zuwa AUSSOM daga ATMIS.

 : Burtaniya ta gabatar da ƙuduri ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta maraba da shawarar AU na ƙirƙirar AUSSOM. Bayan haka, wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Burtaniya James Kariuki ya yi maraba da kirkirar AUSSOM a Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkinobho.

 : Faransa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kuma yi maraba da kirkirar AUSSOM.

 Manazarta