Caroline Still Anderson

Caroline Still Anderson (1 ga Nuwamba, 1848 – 1 ko 2 ga Yuni, 1919) likita ce, malama kuma mai fafutuka ’yar ƙasar Amurka. Ta kasance jagorar likitoci a cikin al’ummar bakar fata ta Philadelphia, kuma ɗaya daga cikin farkon mata bakar fata da suka zama likitoci a ƙasar Amurka.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Caroline Still Anderson a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1848, kuma ita ce 'yar fari cikin hudu ga Letitia da William Still .  Iyayenta biyu sun kasance shugabannin kungiyar abolitionist ta Amurka. Mahaifinta ya jagoranci reshen Philadelphia na Underground Railroad, wanda ya fara jim kadan bayan haihuwar Still.

Yayinda yake yaro, Still ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Mrs. Gordon, Makarantar Raspberry Alley ta Abokai, da Cibiyar Matasa Masu Launi (yanzu Jami'ar Cheyney ta Pennsylvania). Kodayake waɗannan makarantun suna da tsada, aikin mahaifinta mai riba a Masana'antar kwal ya ba shi damar samun ilimi mai kyau ga 'yarsa.

Har yanzu ya yi sa'a da samun wannan damar saboda Philadelphia ta karni na 19 ba ta maraba da yawancin baƙar fata, amma wasu iyalai baƙar fata sun bunƙasa a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Kasancewa wani ɓangare na wannan al'umma, Still an kare ta daga mummunar zalunci da baƙi marasa sa'a suka samu kuma ta sami damar amfani da cikakkun hakkokinta. Mahaifin Still ya yaba da muhimmancin ilimi ga 'ya'yansa mata kuma ya ƙarfafa Still ta ci gaba da iliminta da gaske.
Har yanzu ta kammala karatun firamare da sakandare tana da shekara 15. A shekara ta 1864, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Oberlin a matsayin ɗaliban baƙar fata kawai a cikin aji. Ta sami digiri a 1868 tana da shekaru 19 a matsayin ɗalibi mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin aji na kammala karatun. Bayan ta sami digiri na farko na Arts, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar baki ta farko ta Ladies' Literary Society of Oberlin . 

Har yanzu ta auri mijinta na farko, Edward A. Wiley, ɗan'uwan Oberlin kuma tsohon bawa, a wani bikin a gidansu a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1869. Yawancin fitattun mambobin kungiyar adawa da bautar Amurka sun halarci bikin auren kuma sun hada da wasan kwaikwayon Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield . 

A shekara ta 1875, shekaru biyu bayan mutuwar mijinta kwatsam, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Howard, kodayake ta sami digiri na Doctor of Medicine a Kwalecin Kiwon Lafiyar Mata ta Pennsylvania, inda ta sauya a 1876 kuma ta kammala a 1878. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban baƙar fata guda biyu kawai a cikin aji na 17. Yayinda take makaranta, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami na zane da magana don biyan kuɗin ta.

 Ayyuka 
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, Still ya koma Philadelphia kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na Magana, zane, da kiɗa har zuwa 1875. A shekara ta 1878, ta fara aikin likita tare da horar da mata da yara a asibitin New England na Boston. Kwamitin asibiti ya ki amincewa da aikace-aikacen farko na Still saboda tseren ta, kuma an nada ta ne kawai bayan ta ziyarci birnin kuma ta sadu da hukumar da kanta. An ruwaito cewa ta yi mamakin baiwarta, sun ki amincewa da shawarar da suka yanke a baya, sun nada Still zuwa aikin horarwa gaba daya.
Bayan aikinta ya ƙare a 1879, Still ta koma Philadelphia, inda ta buɗe kantin magani a cocin sabon mijinta Matthew Anderson kuma ta buɗe aikin likita mai zaman kansa. Yanzu ta hanyar Anderson a 1889, ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin malami, tana koyar da tsabta, ilimin lissafi, da kuma magana a bainar jama'a yayin da take ci gaba da karatun likita.

Har ila yau, a cikin 1889, Still da mijinta sun kafa makarantar zane-zane da sassaucin ra'ayi da ake kira Berean Manual Training and Industrial School, Anderson ita ce mataimakiyar shugaban ban da matsayinta na koyarwa. Ta kuma yi aikin likita a cibiyoyin Quaker a Philadelphia .  Ayyukanta sun ƙare lokacin da ta sha wahala daga bugun jini a shekara ta 1914.

 Yunkurin zamantakewa 
A cikin shekarunta na baya, Anderson ta zama mai fafutukar zamantakewar al'umma, tana aiki tare da kungiyoyi da yawa a birnin Philadelphia don dalilai daban-daban, gami da kamewa da daidaiton launin fata. Ta goyi bayan motsi na kamewa a matsayin shugabar kungiyar Berean Woman's Christian Temperance Union, ta shirya Black YMCAs a Philadelphia, kuma ta kasance memba na kwamitin Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People of Philadelphia .  Anderson kuma ta kasance memba na reshen Philadelphia na Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mata kuma mai ba da kuɗi na Kungiyar Malamai ta Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiyar Mata.

W. E. B. Du Bois ya yaba da aikin Anderson ga baƙar fata na Philadelphia, musamman ma aikinta tare da Cibiyar Berean.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
Yayinda take karatu a Oberlin, Still ta sadu da Edward Wiley, kuma sun yi aure a 1869 lokacin da take da shekaru 21. A cikin aurensu na shekaru huɗu, ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Letitia da William. Aure ya ƙare lokacin da Wiley ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a 1873. Har yanzu ya sake yin aure a 1880 ga wani minista mai suna Matthew Anderson .  Anderson ya kuma kasance tsohon jami'in Oberlin kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Yale da Jami'ar Princeton. Andersons suna da 'ya'ya biyar tare, uku daga cikinsu sun tsira har zuwa balaga: Helen, Maude, da Margaret. Anderson ta mutu a ranar 1 ko 2 ga Yuni, 1919, a Philadelphia na rikitarwa daga bugun jini.  Tana da shekaru 70. An ba da kwanakin da yawa don mutuwarta.  

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba