Ci gaban biyan kuɗi (jiki)

Girman ramuwa, wanda aka sani da ci gaban kamawa da riba mai ramawa, haɓakar haɓakar kwayoyin halitta ne mai saurin ci gaba bayan wani lokaci na raguwar haɓakawa, musamman sakamakon ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki .   Girman na iya kasancewa game da nauyi ko tsayi (ko tsayi a cikin mutane).        Alal misali, nauyin jikin dabbobin da ke fuskantar ƙuntataccen abinci mai gina jiki sau da yawa a kan lokaci ya zama kama da na dabbobin da ba su fuskanci irin wannan damuwa ba.  Yana yiwuwa don ƙimar girma mai girma na ramawa don haifar da raguwa, inda kwayoyin halitta suka wuce nauyin al'ada kuma sau da yawa yana da ƙima mai yawa. 

Kwayoyin halitta na iya murmurewa zuwa nauyin al'ada ba tare da ƙarin lokaci ba.  Wani lokaci lokacin da ƙuntataccen abinci mai gina jiki ya yi tsanani, ana ƙara tsawon lokacin girma don isa nauyin al'ada.  Idan ƙuntatawa na gina jiki ya yi tsanani sosai, kwayoyin halitta na iya samun ci gaba na dindindin a inda ba ta kai ga nauyi na yau da kullum ba.  Yawancin lokaci a cikin dabbobi, cikakken dawowa daga ƙuntataccen carbohydrate da gina jiki yana faruwa. 

An lura da girma mai ramuwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa ciki har da mutane,       sauran nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa,  tsuntsaye,  ] dabbobi masu rarrafe,  kifi,    tsire-tsire (musamman ciyayi da ciyayi , ciyayi da ciyayi .  microbes,  aladu,  da damselflies .  be

 Tarihi 
A cikin 1911, Hans Aron ya yi binciken farko na girma bayan lokutan rashin abinci mai gina jiki.  Ya ba da abinci ga kare kuma ya gano cewa har yanzu yana da ikon yin nauyi da sauri, kodayake bai kai nauyin kare na ƙarshe da ake ciyar da shi ba.   A cikin 1915, Osborne da Mendel sune farkon don nuna cewa berayen da aka ciyar bayan ƙuntatawar haɓaka suna da haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka.    A cikin 1945, Brody ya haɓaka ra'ayin "homoestasis na girma" a cikin littafin Bioenergetics and Growth .    A cikin 1955, Verle Bohman shine farkon wanda yayi amfani da kalmar "girman ramuwa" a cikin labarin da ya shafi shanun naman sa .  

 Manazarta