Kwarin da ake Tsoro

Kogon Tsoro wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi ne kafin Columbia wanda ke cikin jihar Coahuila a arewacin Mexico . An shagaltar da shi a lokuta da yawa a lokacin zamanin Archaic ta hanyar abin da ake ganin ƙungiyoyin mafarauta ne na makiyaya kuma shine muhimmin tushen shaidar archaeological game da tsohuwar al'adar hamada ta tsaunukan tsakiyar Mexico. 

 Dubawa 
Ana zaune a cikin Saliyo Madre Oriental a Arewacin Aid Zone na Mexico, Kogon mai ban tsoro yana kewaye da hamada. Wurin ya kasance "yawan bushewa sosai kuma ruwan sama ba zai iya dogara da noma ba,"  ko da yake ana iya samun tsire-tsire masu cin abinci kuma an rufe tsaunuka a cikin kurmin Pine da itacen oak.  Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna da alama sun zauna a yankin Coahuila duk da wannan yanayi mara kyau, amma ba sa yin aikin noma . An gano al'adun hamada na farko da aka fara a nan a zamanin Archaic a matsayin daya daga cikin tushen al'adun Mesoamerican daga baya, kuma ya dade har zuwa karni na 19 a tsakanin 'yan asalin yankin Babban Basin (kamar Paiute da Shoshone ) da kuma tsakanin wasu 'yan asalin yankin Arewacin Arid na Mexico (kamar Seri ). 

 Ganowa da tonowa 
Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Walter W. Taylor ya tona wurare da yawa a Arewacin Mexico da Kudancin Amurka, yana mai da hankali kan Coahuila a cikin 1950s da 1960s.  Haɗin rediyo-carbon yana sanya kayan tarihi masu ban tsoro a tsakanin kusan shekaru 7,500 KZ da 185 CE . 

 Jerin abubuwa da kayan tarihi 

 Sama da sandal fiber 950, haɗin fiber 
 Sandal na fata guda ɗaya, ƙunƙun fiber 
 Cikakkun rigar fiber guda ɗaya, haɗin fata 
 Daban-daban na yadudduka, fiber, fata, furs, fuka-fukan 
 Da yawa caches na mesquite wake a cikin plaited-matting jakunkuna 
 Sama da 22,000 maguey 'quids' 
 Abubuwa biyu, Taylor ya rarraba su azaman rasps na kiɗa 
 “Yawancin faɗuwar pear, an raba buɗaɗɗe tare da ‘buɗaɗɗen gefen’ ɗinki tare don yin akwati mai wucewa” 
 Jakunkuna da yawa na tsaba na buckeye Texas, da wake mescal, dukansu suna da halayen narcotic 
 guda 1,195 na murɗaɗɗen igiya 
 Kwallaye daban-daban na gashin mutum 
 Ragowar wata tsohuwa, sanye da riga da takalmi , an nannade da tabarma 

An samo duk abubuwa a cikin nau'i uku,  tare da wasu abubuwa na musamman ga kowane. Misali, yayin da aka sami sandal a kowane matakin, an sami gashin gashi ne kawai a cikin madaidaicin farko.  An gano benaye da aka shirya a farkon matakai biyu na kogon, waɗanda aka halicce su ta hanyar "kawo cikin ƙasa wanda ruwa ya haɗa shi kuma mai yiwuwa ya shafe."  Ko da yake na bakin ciki, sun yi aiki da aikin sassaukar da benen kogon . Ga alama an rarraba wuraren murhu ba da gangan ba.  Ko da yake an same su a cikin wasu kogo da yawa a yankin, Taylor ya ba da rahoton cewa babu wasu sassan kibiya da aka samu a cikin Frightful Cave, "waɗanda aikinsu ya yi da wuri." 

 Nazarin Anthropological 
A cikin kogon Frightful, kwatancen nau'ikan mabambantan sun ba da damar yin nazari na ɗan lokaci na mazauna kogon, yayin da kwatancen sauran kogon da ke yankin ya ba da damar yin nazarin sararin samaniya. A sarari, an gano cewa akwai yuwuwar yin musayar al'adu tsakanin ƙungiyoyin makiyaya daban-daban a cikin rukunin Coahuila da kuma yankuna na kusa. 

An kuma lura da yanayin zamani, wanda ke nuna maimaita aikin ƙungiyoyi masu kama da al'adu tare da haɓaka ayyukan al'adu .  Musamman, canje-canje a cikin amfani da sararin samaniya a cikin kogon yana ba da shawarar canza salon rayuwa. Taylor ya lura cewa yayin da kasan benaye guda biyu suna da benaye, ƙananan matakan bat guano kuma suna nuna "ƙaƙƙarfan hali na saka takalma a cikin mafi nisa na kogon," a cikin ɓangaren baya ba a shirya wani bene ba, an sami ƙarin jemagu, kuma an ajiye takalma a tsakiyar kogon .  Ana tunanin waɗannan dabi'un suna nuna canje-canjen ƙungiyoyi na tsawon lokacin zama, daga "mafi yawa ko žasa a cikin ƙananan matakan" zuwa "ƙara da raguwa a cikin manyan matakan," tun da ya bayyana cewa an yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don kiyaye sararin samaniya mai tsabta.  Canje-canje na wannan yanayin zai zama ma'ana idan ƙungiyoyin sun daina yin dogon lokaci a cikin kogon . An danganta wannan ci gaban da wani sanannen karuwa na rashin ruwa a yankin  wanda zai iya haifar da sabon rarraba kayan abinci . Muhawarar sauya ƙaura bisa sabbin salon rayuwa abu ne mai ƙarfi, domin ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin al'adar hamada an yi imanin cewa makiyaya ne da za su zauna a yankuna daban-daban yayin da kayan abinci na gida suka samu. Shafer ya yi la'akari da cewa Tsoron Cave na iya kasancewa wani ɓangare na zagaye na yanayi da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin mafarauta suka yi, wanda, tare da sauran kogo a yankin, da an zauna daga bazara zuwa farkon lokacin rani, "lokacin da abinci irin su furanni, kwararan fitila, 'ya'yan itatuwa da plums ke samuwa."  Hakazalika, Taylor ya ba da damar samun ruwa don zama madaidaicin yanayin ƙaura na ƙungiyoyi,  ma'ana za a iya ƙididdige sauye-sauyen ta ta hanyar ƙara ƙazanta. Canje-canje a salo da ginin sandal ɗin da aka yi amfani da su na zamani sun kuma ba da shawarar dakatar da al'adu a cikin aikin Kogon Frightful. 

Kusan babu wata shaida game da rayuwar addini ko fasaha ta al'adun mazaunan Kogon Tsoro, ban da kasancewar gashin ɗan adam da aka samu a bayan kogon a farkon ɓangarorin farko.  Ga alama an yanke su "a lokaci-lokaci na kusan wata ɗaya" bisa ga yankewar ƙarshensu da tsayinsu.  Shaidar adana bayanai sun nuna cewa wannan na iya zama al'adar makoki, amma ba a fayyace manufar irin wannan al'adar sarrafa gashi ba. 

 Manazarta