Alkawari na Adamu

Alkawari na Adamu aiki ne na Kirista na Tsohon Alkawari pseudepigrapha wanda ya kasance daga ƙarni na 2 zuwa 5 AD a asali, watakila an hada shi a cikin al'ummomin Kirista na Siriya. Yana nufin ya danganta kalmomin ƙarshe na Adamu ga ɗansa Seth; Seth ya rubuta Alkawari sannan ya binne asusun a cikin almara na Treasures. Adamu yana magana game da addu'a da waɗanne ɓangarorin Halitta suke yabon Allah kowane sa'a na rana; sannan ya annabta zuwan Almasihu da Babban Ambaliyar; kuma a ƙarshe, an ba da bayanin matsayi na sama na mala'iku.

Wataƙila an rubuta aikin ne da farko a cikin Syriac. Ana samun rubuce-rubuce a cikin Syriac, Larabci, Karshuni, Habashawa, Armeniya, Georgian, da Girkanci. Rubutun farko da ya tsira an rubuta shi ne a karni na 9, kuma akwai manyan sake dubawa guda uku na rubutun.

 Mawallafi da kwanan wata 
Ba a san marubucin aikin ba. Ranar da aka tsara ta kasance a wani wuri tsakanin karni na 2 zuwa Karni na 5; S. E. Robinson ya yi la'akari da cewa tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na uku a matsayin mafi kyawun zato. Wataƙila sun kasance Kirista na Siriya ko Palasdinawa, kamar yadda wasu kalmomi da kalmomin suna da ban sha'awa ga Syriac a cikin tsofaffin sassan, tare da ambaton Zakariya 1:8 wanda ya dace da fassarar Syriac Peshitta maimakon fassarar Septuagint na Helenanci. Akwai ambaton aikin a cikin Syriac version na Transitus Mariae, gabaɗaya ana tunanin zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 4. Sashe na uku na aikin, matsayi na sama, bai bayyana yana da alaƙa da sauran aikin ba; saboda haka yana yiwuwa an tsara shi da kansa kafin a haɗa shi da aikin a wani lokaci a ƙarni na 5 zuwa 7.

Mai yiwuwa marubucin ya tattara da kuma gyara wani sashi na apocrypha na Yahudawa. Abin da ya kasance asalin Yahudawa a kan labarin Halitta an fadada shi don ya haɗa da kare da'awar Kiristanci cewa Yesu shine Almasihu na Yahudawa da aka yi alkawari. Wannan yana nuna al'umma da ke sha'awar addinin Yahudanci, kamar yadda ya bambanta da sauran rassan Kiristanci waɗanda suka ƙi addinin Yahudhu a zamanin marigayi Daular Roma; ga wannan marubucin, Yesu ya ci gaba da babban al'adar Yahudawa.Robinson, S. E. (1983). "Testament of Adam". In Charlesworth, James (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Volume 1. Translated by Robinson, S. E. Doubleday. pp. 989–995. ISBN 0-385-09630-5.

 Abun ciki 
An danganta rubutun ne ga ɗan Adamu Seth, wanda ya rubuta Alkawari sannan ya rufe shi a cikin kogon dukiya. Sashe na farko, wanda ake kira Horarium na S. E. Robinson, ya ƙunshi bayyana wane halittu ne ke yabon Allah a kowane awa, da kuma yadda suke yin hakan. Yana da ra'ayi ɗaya game da mulkin Allah a kan halitta maimakon dualist: duk, daga aljanu zuwa wuta zuwa ciyawa zuwa mutane zuwa mala'iku, bauta wa Allah.Robinson, S. E. (1983). "Testament of Adam". In Charlesworth, James (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Volume 1. Translated by Robinson, S. E. Doubleday. pp. 989–995. ISBN 0-385-09630-5.

A cikin sashi na biyu, wanda Robinson ya kira Annabci, Adam ya bayyana ɓoyayyen bayanai ga Seth. Ya ba da labarin halittar mutum da faduwar mutum, ya yi magana game da Ambaliyar Ruwa Mai Girma mai zuwa, annabce-annabce na Passion na Yesu Kristi, da ƙarshen duniya. Allah kuma ya yi alkawarin yin Adamu allah, amma "ba a yanzu ba"; jinkirin ya faru ne saboda zunubin Adamu na cin 'ya'yan itacen da aka haramta, wanda aka gano a nan a matsayin ɓaure. Allah ya ce zai yi wa Adamu allah bayan tashin Allah (Yesu) daga matattu, kuma Adamu zai zauna a hannun dama na Allah.Robinson, S. E. (1983). "Testament of Adam". In Charlesworth, James (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Volume 1. Translated by Robinson, S. E. Doubleday. pp. 989–995. ISBN 0-385-09630-5.

Sashe na uku, wanda Robinson ya kira Hierarchy, ya haɗa da cikakken ilimin Mala'iku wanda ya bayyana dukkan umarni tara na mala'iku da ayyukansu. Don haka daga mafi ƙasƙanci zuwa mafi girma, mala'iku suna aiki a matsayin Mala'iku masu kula, tare da ɗaya ga kowane ɗan adam. Mala'iku masu kula da wadanda ba mutane ba kamar dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Archons suna sarrafa yanayin. Hukumomi suna sarrafa tushen haske a sararin sama: Rana, Wata, da taurari. Ikon ya dakatar da aljanu daga lalata duniya a cikin kishi ga bil'adama. MaSarauta suna mulki a kan masarautun siyasa kuma suna sarrafa nasara da cin nasara a yaƙi. Rubutun ya bayyana daya a matsayin hawa jan doki kuma ya kashe dubban mutane a ƙarƙashin sarkin Assuriya, tare da ambaton 2 Maccabees version na Yaƙin Beth Zur inda mala'ika dauke da makami na zinariya ya taimaka wajen tura sojojin Seleucid su gudu. Kursiyoyi suna tsaron ƙofar tsattsarkan wuri kuma suna tsaye a gaban kursiyin Allah. Cherubim suna ɗauke da kursiyin Ubangiji kuma masu kula da hatimi ne na allahntaka. Seraphim yana aiki a cikin ɗakin ciki.Robinson, S. E. (1983). "Testament of Adam". In Charlesworth, James (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Volume 1. Translated by Robinson, S. E. Doubleday. pp. 989–995. ISBN 0-385-09630-5.

 Irin waɗannan ayyukan 
Sashe na farko na labarin yayi kama da Zabura 148, wani labarin yadda duk halitta ke yabon Allah. Irin waɗannan ayyukan apocryphal sun haɗa da Gnostic Apocalypse na Adamu, Rikicin Adamu da Hauwa'u da Shaidan, da Rayuwar Adamu da Hauwa'u'u. Aikin (tare da Syriac version of Cave of Treasures) da alama ya rinjayi Larabci Apocalypse of Peter, wani rubutu na pseudepigraphic wanda ya shahara a Kristanci na Siriya wanda aka rubuta a ƙarni na 9-10th.  Mala'ikanci na sashi na uku na iya rinjayar Littafin Bee, aikin Syriac na ƙarni na 13.Robinson, S. E. (1983). "Testament of Adam". In Charlesworth, James (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Volume 1. Translated by Robinson, S. E. Doubleday. pp. 989–995. ISBN 0-385-09630-5.

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