Indiyawa a Najeriya

Indiya da ke zaune a kasashen waje (ISO: Bhāratīya Pravāsī), a hukumance 'yan Indiya marasa zama (NRIs) da Mutanen asalin Indiya (PIOs), mutane ne na asalin Indiya waɗanda ke zaune ko asalin su a waje da Indiya (Ciki har da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Burtaniya kai tsaye). A cewar Gwamnatin Indiya, 'yan Indiya da ba mazauna ba' yan Indiya ne waɗanda a halin yanzu ba sa zaune a Indiya, yayin da kalmar Mutanen asalin Indiya tana nufin mutanen da aka haifa ko kakannin da suka kasance' yan ƙasa na ƙasashe ban da Indiya (tare da wasu banbanci). Ana ba da 'yan ƙasa na Indiya (OCI) ga Mutanen asalin Indiya da kuma mutanen da ba mutanen asalin Indiya ba ne amma sun auri Dan ƙasar Indiya ko Mutumin asalin Indiya. Mutanen da ke da matsayin OCI an san su da 'Yan kasashen waje na Indiya (OCIs).  Matsayin OCI shine biza ta dindindin don ziyartar Indiya tare da fasfo na kasashen waje.

A cewar rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da aka sabunta a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2024, akwai Indiyawa miliyan 35.4 da ba mazauna Indiya ba (NRIs) da Mutanen asalin Indiya (PIOs) (ciki har da OCIs) da ke zaune a waje da Indiya. Mutanen Indiya da ke zaune a kasashen waje sun hada da mafi girma a duniya. Kowace shekara, Indiyawa miliyan 2.5 (25 lakh) suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen waje, suna mai da Indiya ƙasa mafi yawan shekara-shekara na ƙaura a duniya.

 Tsarin shari'a 

 Ba mazaunin Indiya ba (NRI) 
A takaice dai, kalmar da Ba mazaunin Indiya ba tana nufin Matsayin haraji na ɗan ƙasar Indiya wanda, kamar yadda sashi na 6 na Dokar Haraji, 1961, bai zauna a Indiya ba na wani lokaci don dalilan Dokar Haraji. Adadin harajin samun kudin shiga ya bambanta ga mutanen da ke "mazauna Indiya" da kuma NRIs. Don dalilan Dokar Haraji, "mazaunin Indiya" yana buƙatar zama a Indiya na akalla kwanaki 182 a cikin shekara ta kuɗi ko kwanaki 365 da suka bazu a cikin shekaru huɗu a jere kuma akalla kwanaki 60 a wannan shekarar. Dangane da dokar, duk wani ɗan ƙasar Indiya wanda bai cika ƙa'idodin a matsayin "mazaunin Indiya" ba mazaunin Indiya ba ne kuma ana bi da shi a matsayin NRI don biyan harajin samun kudin shiga.

Ba a la'akari da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a matsayin NRIs ba. Koyaya, yayin da suke aiki daga Indiya, sau da yawa fiye da kwanaki 182, ana biyan harajin kuɗin shiga kamar na NRIs yayin da suke jin daɗin duk sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan ƙasa.

 Mutumin asalin Indiya (PIO) 
Mutumin asalin Indiya (PIO)  yana nufin ɗan ƙasar waje (sai dai ɗan ƙasar Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Iran, Bhutan, Sri Lanka da / ko Nepal), wanda:

 a baya yana da fasfo na Indiya,
 ko dai daga cikin iyayensu / kakanninmu / kakanninku an haife su kuma sun zauna har abada a Indiya kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Dokar Gwamnatin Indiya, 1935 da sauran yankuna da suka zama wani ɓangare na Indiya daga baya idan babu wanda a kowane lokaci ya kasance ɗan ƙasa na kowace ƙasa da aka ambata a sama (kamar yadda aka ambata a saman), ko
 matar ɗan ƙasar Indiya ce ko kuma PIO.

 Kasuwancin Kasashen Waje na Indiya (OCI) 
Bayan kokarin da shugabannin suka yi a duk faɗin siyasar Indiya, an kafa tsarin biza na dogon lokaci. Ana kiranta "Overseas Citizenship of India", kuma ana kiranta da Katin OCI. Sunan kansa yana yaudara, saboda ba ya ba da 'yan asalin Indiya. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Indiya bai ba da izinin cikakken ɗan ƙasa biyu ba. Katin OCI shine yadda ya kamata visa na dogon lokaci, tare da ƙuntatawa kan haƙƙin jefa kuri'a da ayyukan gwamnati. Katin yana samuwa ga wasu tsoffin Indiyawan kasashen waje, kuma yayin da yake ba da zama ga masu riƙe da sauran hakkoki, yana da ƙuntatawa, kuma ba a dauke shi kowane irin ɗan ƙasar Indiya daga hangen nesa na tsarin mulki ba.

Firayim Minista Narendra Modi ya sanar a ranar 28 ga Satumba 2014 cewa za a haɗu da katunan PIO da OCI. A ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2015, Gwamnatin Indiya ta janye tsarin Katin asalin Indiya kuma an haɗa shi da tsarin katin Citizen of India. Dole ne masu riƙe da katunan PIO su nemi su canza katunan da suke da su zuwa katunan OCI. Ofishin Shige da Fice ya bayyana cewa zai ci gaba da karɓar tsoffin katunan PIO a matsayin takardun tafiye-tafiye masu inganci har zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2023.

 Kwatanta 
+Comparison of Resident Indians, NRIS, PIOs and OCIsCategoryIndian passport(Indian Citizen)Resident in IndiaExpatriateTax statusOCI cardActsNotesIndian (resident)YesYesNoYesNoIndian nationality lawPassports ActNon-resident Indian (NRI)YesNoYes (of India)NoNoIndian nationality lawPassports ActIT Act, 1961Person of Indian Origin (PIO)1 /Overseas Citizen of India (OCI)2NoYes (in India)else, NoYes (in India)Yes (if resident in India)else, NoYesCit. (A) Act, 2003(Section 7A–D)lifetime visa /permanent residency
+PIOs da OCIsKasashen wajeKatin OCI ya cancanciBanbanciAyyukan ManzanniMatsayi bayan samun OCIMutumin asalin Indiya (PIO) Haka ne, - -PIO OCISauranA'aHaka ne, idan ya auri ɗan ƙasar Indiya ko PIO OCI sama da shekaru biyu[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]  (A) Dokar, 2003 (Sashe na 7A (d)) Ba PIO OCI ba

 Tarihin ƙaura daga Indiya 

 Yankin Larabawa 

 Asiya ta Tsakiya 
.Narimsimhan et al. (2019) [1] sun gano cewa akwai yawan jama'ar "Indus periphery" da ke zaune a tsakiyar Asiya a lokacin Zamanin Bronze. Sun yi ƙaura daga wayewar kwarin Indus kuma sun zauna a ƙauyukan BMAC don kasuwanci, wannan ya tabbata ta hanyar gano hatimin kwarin Indus a tsakiyar Asiya see

Kasuwancin Indiya na zamani a Asiya ta Tsakiya da Arabiya sun fito ne a tsakiyar karni na 16 kuma sun kasance masu aiki sama da ƙarni huɗu.

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