Kamewar iska kai tsaye

Kamewar iska kai tsaye (DAC) ita ce amfani da sinadarai ko matakai na zahiri don fitar da carbon dioxide (CO2) kai tsaye daga iskar da ke kewaye.European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation; European Commission's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors (2018). Novel carbon capture and utilisation technologies. Publications Office. doi:10.2777/01532. ISBN 978-92-79-82006-9.[page needed] Idan CO2 da aka fitar sannan aka jera shi a cikin amintaccen ma'ajiya na dogon lokaci, ana kiran tsarin gabaɗaya kai tsaye da ɗaukar iskar iskar da iskar gas (DACCS), samun nasarar kawar da carbon dioxide. Ana kiran tsarin da ke cikin irin wannan tsari a matsayin fasahar fitar da hayaki (NET).Quarton, Christopher J.; Samsatli, Sheila (1 January 2020). "The value of hydrogen and carbon capture, storage and utilisation in decarbonising energy: Insights from integrated value chain optimisation" (PDF). Applied Energy. 257: 113936. Bibcode:2020ApEn..25713936Q. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113936. S2CID 208829001.

DAC ya bambanta da kama carbon da adanawa (CCS), wanda ke ɗaukar CO2 daga tushen ma'ana, kamar masana'antar siminti ko masana'antar bioenergy.Erans, María; Sanz-Pérez, Eloy S.; Hanak, Dawid P.; Clulow, Zeynep; Reiner, David M.; Mutch, Greg A. (2022). "Direct air capture: process technology, techno-economic and socio-political challenges". Energy & Environmental Science. 15 (4): 1360–1405. Bibcode:2022EnEnS..15.1360E. doi:10.1039/D1EE03523A. hdl:10115/19074. S2CID 247178548. Bayan kamawa, DAC yana haifar da madaidaicin rafi na CO2 don rarrabawa ko amfani. Ana samun kawar da carbon dioxide lokacin da iskar yanayi ta yi hulɗa da kafofin watsa labarai na sinadarai, yawanci wani sinadarin alkaline mai ruwa Keith, David W.; Holmes, Geoffrey; St. Angelo, David; Heide, Kenton (7 June 2018). "A Process for Capturing CO2 from the Atmosphere". Joule. 2 (8): 1573–1594. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.006. ko sorbents.Beuttler, Christoph; Charles, Louise; Wurzbacher, Jan (21 November 2019). "The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Frontiers in Climate. 1: 10. Bibcode:2019FrCli...1...10B. doi:10.3389/fclim.2019.00010.. Wadannan hanyoyin sadarwa na sinadarai daga baya an cire su daga CO2 ta hanyar aikace-aikacen makamashi (wato zafi), wanda ke haifar da rafin CO2 wanda zai iya jurewa da matsawa, yayin da a lokaci guda ke sake farfado da sinadarai don sake amfani da su.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, har yanzu ba a shigar da DACCS cikin cinikin hayaki ba saboda, sama da dalar Amurka 1000, "Carbon-dioxide-removal options are multiplying". The Economist. 20 November 2023. farashin kowace ton na carbon dioxide ya ninka farashin carbon akan waɗannan kasuwanni.The many prices of carbon dioxide". The Economist. 20 November 2023. Babban farashin DAC na yanzu yana motsawa ta hanyar sikelin turawa da abubuwan makamashi. An ba da rahoton cewa ga shukar DAC kasa da tan 50,000 CO2 a kowace shekara, kamar babbar shukar DAC na yanzu (Climeworks Mammoth), farashin DAC zai wuce $1000 kowace tonne CO2.Lilonfe, Sylvanus; Rodgers, Sarah; Abdul-Manan, Amir F. N.; Dimitriou, Ioanna; McKechnie, Jon (1 June 2025). "Technical, economic and lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions analyses of solid sorbent direct air capture technologies". Carbon Capture Science & Technology. 15: 100380. doi:10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100380. ISSN 2772-6568 Koyaya, don ma'aunin tsirrai na 1 Mtpa da sama, farashin DAC gabaɗaya zai kasance tsakanin $94-232 kowace ton na CO2 da aka cire. Sabbin sabbin abubuwa na gaba na iya rage ƙarfin kuzarin wannan tsari.

An ba da shawarar DAC a cikin 1999 kuma har yanzu yana kan ci gaba.[9] [10] Ana shirya masana'antar kasuwanci da yawa ko suna aiki a Turai da Amurka. Ana iya ƙara yawan tura DAC lokacin da aka haɗa ta da aikace-aikacen tattalin arziƙi ko abubuwan ƙarfafawa.

Ya bambanta da kamawar carbon da adanawa (CCS) wanda ke ɗaukar hayaki daga tushe kamar masana'anta, DAC yana rage ƙwayar carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi gaba ɗaya. Don haka, ana iya amfani da DAC wajen kama hayakin da ya samo asali daga wuraren da ba na tsaye ba kamar jiragen sama.

 Hanyoyin kamewa 
Akwai matakai uku na kama CO2 a cikin DAC: matakin tuntuɓar, matakin kamawa, da matakin rabuwa. A cikin matakin tuntuɓar, tsarin DAC yana jigilar iska mai ɗauke da CO2  zuwa kayan aiki ta amfani da manyan magoya baya. Daga baya, a cikin matakin kama CO2, CO2  cikin sauri da inganci yana ɗaure tare da kaushi na ruwa a cikin injinan sinadarai ko ƙwaƙƙwaran sorbents a cikin tacewa, waɗanda dole ne su mallaki ƙarfin ɗaure daidai da na CO2. Daga baya a cikin matakin rabuwa na CO2, hanyoyin makamashi na waje suna sauƙaƙe rarrabuwar CO2 daga kaushi ko sorbents, suna samar da tsantsar CO2 da sake haifar da kaushi ko sorbents. Bayan kammala waɗannan matakai guda uku, ana amfani da ko adanawa na CO2 mai tsafta, yayin da ake sake yin amfani da abubuwan kaushi ko sorbents don sake amfani da su a cikin tsarin kama CO2.Li, Guihe; Yao, Jia (September 2024). "Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges". Eng. 5 (3): 1298–1336. doi:10.3390/eng5030069. ISSN 2673-4117. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Gabaɗaya, m sorbents DAC (S-DAC) yana amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki tsarin DAC, yayin da ruwa (amine ko ƙarfe hydroxides) sorbents DAC (L-DAC) yana amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki ko ƙananan tsari. [12] [4]S-DAC da L-DAC suna da kaddarori daban-daban dangane da motsin motsa jiki da canja wurin zafi.[14]A halin yanzu, L-DAC da S-DAC suna wakiltar fasahar balagagge guda biyu don tura masana'antu. Bugu da ƙari, fasahohin DAC da yawa masu tasowa, gami da adsorption na electro-swing (ESA), adsorption-swing adsorption (MSA), da DAC na tushen membrane (m-DAC), suna cikin matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, gwaji, ko ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen aiki.[11]

 Tasirin muhalli 
DAC fasaha ce mara kyau ta carbon, tare da iskar gas ɗin ta (GHG) da aka ƙididdigewa daga 0.01 tCO2 da ake fitarwa kowace tCO2 da aka kama lokacin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa zuwa 0.65 tCO2 da ke fitarwa a kowane tCO2 da aka kama lokacin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki da iskar gas (NG) dumama.[33][34][35] Matsakaicin fitarwar tushen makamashi na DAC shine babban direba na GHG na DAC.[8] [33] [34] [35] Haɗin iska mai sabuntawa da wutar lantarki kuma zai zama mummunan carbon, yana samar da fa'idodin cire carbon. Abubuwan da ake fitarwa don iskar da ake sabunta su da wutar lantarki yawanci ƙasa da 0.1 tCO2 da ake fitarwa a kowace tCO2 da aka kama idan iskar ta samar da aƙalla kashi 50-80% na ma'aunin ƙarfin shuka (yawan amfani) lokacin da abubuwan fitar da wutar lantarki ba su wuce 0.3077 kgCO2/kWh ba.[8] Har ila yau ana iya amfani da abubuwan fitar da wutar lantarki mafi girma, amma wannan yana buƙatar amfani da su ya zama ƙasa da 20% don cimma babban cirewar carbon.

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