Holocene

Holocene (/ˈhɒl.əsiːn, -oʊ-, ˈhoʊ.lə-, -loʊ-/)   shine zamanin ilimin ƙasa na yanzu, wanda ya fara kimanin shekaru 11,700 da suka gabata.  Ya biyo bayan Lokacin Glacial na Ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙare tare da koma baya na Holocene. Holocene da Pleistocene da suka gabata  tare sun samar da lokacin Quaternary. Holocene wani lokaci ne na Interglacial a cikin ci gaba da zagaye na Quaternary, kuma daidai yake da Marine Isotope Stage 1.

Holocene yana da alaƙa da matsakaicin axial na ƙarshe ruwa ga Sun na kuskuren Duniya. Holocene ya dace da saurin yaduwa, girma, da tasirin jinsunan mutane a duk duniya, gami da duk tarihin rubuce-rubucensa, Juyin juya halin fasaha, ci gaban manyan wayewa, da kuma sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci zuwa rayuwar birane a yanzu. Za'a iya la'akari da tasirin ɗan adam a kan Duniya ta zamani da tsarin halittu na duniya don juyin halitta na gaba na jinsunan rayuwa, gami da kusan shaidar lithospheric, ko kuma kwanan nan shaidar hydrospheric da yanayi na tasirin ɗan adam.

Bayan halakawar mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa na duniya a waje da Afirka a lokacin da ya gabata na Late Pleistocene, yanayin halittu na Holocene ya ci gaba da tasiri ta hanyar halakawa (halakawar Holocene mai gudana), galibi na haifar da mutum.

A watan Yulin 2018, Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta raba Holocene Epoch zuwa shekaru uku daban-daban bisa ga yanayi, Greenlandian (shekaru 11,700 da suka gabata zuwa shekaru 8,200 da suka gabata), Northgrippian (shekara 8,200 da ta gabata zuwa shekaru 4,200 da suka wuce) da Meghalayan (shekaro 4,200 da ta baya zuwa yanzu), kamar yadda Hukumar Kasa da Kasa ta gabatar. Tsohon zamani, Greenlandian, an nuna shi ta hanyar dumama bayan zamanin kankara da ya gabata. An san zamanin Arewacin Grippian da sanyaya mai yawa saboda rushewar yaduwar teku wanda ya haifar da narkewar kankara. Shekarar Holocene ta baya-bayan nan ita ce Meghalayan na yanzu, wanda ya fara da matsanancin fari wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru 200.

 Magana 
Kalmar Holocene an kafa ta ne daga kalmomi biyu na Tsohon Girkanci. Hólos ita ce kalmar Helenanci don "dukan". "Cene" ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci Kainos (), ma'ana "sabon". Manufar ita ce wannan zamanin "sabon ne".    Ana amfani da ma'anar '-cene' ga dukkan lokutan bakwai na zamanin Cenozoic.

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 
Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy ta bayyana HoloCE kamar yadda ya fara kimanin shekaru 11,700 kafin 2000 AZ (shekaru 11,650 BP, ko 9,700 KZ). Walker, Mike; Johnsen, Sigfus; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Popp, Trevor; Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder; Gibrard, Phil; Hoek, Wim; Lowe, John; Andrews, John; Bjo Rck, Svante; Cwynar, Les C.; Hughen, Konrad; Kersahw, Peter; Kromer, Bernd; Litt, Thomas; Lowe, David J.; Nakagawa, Takeshi; Newnham, Rewi; Schwander, Jakob (2009).  Kwamitin a kan Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) ya ɗauki kalmar 'kwanan nan' a matsayin hanyar da ba daidai ba ta magana game da Holocene, ya fi son kalmar 'zamani' maimakon bayyana hanyoyin yanzu. Har ila yau, ya lura cewa ana iya amfani da kalmar 'Flandrian' a matsayin ma'anar Holocene, kodayake yana zama tsohon yayi.. Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy, duk da haka, ta dauki Holocene a matsayin lokacin da ya biyo bayan Pleistocene kuma musamman bayan lokacin glacial na ƙarshe. Sunayen gida na lokacin ƙarshe sun haɗa da Wisconsinan a Arewacin Amurka,  Weichselian a Turai,  Devensian a Burtaniya,  Llanquihue a Chile  da Otiran a New Zealand.

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