Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) kungiya ce ta 'yan asalin Indiya da Alaska.  An kafa shi a cikin 1944  don wakiltar kabilun da kuma tsayayya da matsin lamba na gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka don dakatar da haƙƙin kabilanci da daidaita mutanensu. Wadannan sun saba wa haƙƙin yarjejeniyarsu da matsayi a matsayin masu zaman kansu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da kasancewa ƙungiya ce ta ƙabilun Indiya da aka amince da su ta tarayya da kuma jihar. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

 Ƙungiya 
An kafa NCAI a cikin 1944 kuma an kafa ta a matsayin kungiyar ba ba riba ba 501 (c) (4)  da ke zaune a Washington, DC, a cikin 1962.  Tsarin tsari na Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka ya haɗa da Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa, da kwamitoci bakwai.

Baya ga mukamai huɗu na zartarwa, kwamitin zartarwa na NCAI ya ƙunshi mataimakan shugabanni 12 da mataimakan mataimakan 12 na yanki.

Chuck Trimble shi ne tsohon shugaban zartarwa.

 Gudanarwa ta yanzu 
Kwamitin zartarwa na NCAI kamar haka:

 Shugaban: Mark Macarro (Pechanga) 
 Mataimakin Shugaban kasa na farko: Brian Weeden (Mashpee Wampanoag) 
 Sakatare: Nickolaus D. Lewis (Lummi) 
 Mai ba da kuɗi: David Woerz (Chickasaw) 

 Tarihi 
'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a Amurka suna da gwamnatoci masu zaman kansu da al'adu daban-daban, tarihi, da yankuna. Koyaya, buƙatar ƙirƙirar murya mai haɗin kai wajen hulɗa da gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta haifar da hadin gwiwar kabilanci.

A cikin karni na 20, wani ƙarni na 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun tsufa waɗanda suka sami ilimi a makarantun kwana tsakanin kabilun. Sun fara tunani tare da hangen nesa mai zurfi na 'yan asalin Amurka kuma sun koyi kafa kawance a tsakanin kabilun. Sun ƙara jin bukatar yin aiki tare a siyasa don nuna ikonsu wajen hulɗa da gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka. Bugu da kari, tare da kokarin bayan 1934 don sake tsara gwamnatocin kabilun, masu gwagwarmaya sun yi imanin cewa dole ne Indiyawa suyi aiki tare don karfafa matsayinsu na siyasa. Masu fafutuka sun kafa National Congress of American Indians don neman hanyoyin da za su shirya kabilun don yin hulɗa da gwamnatin Amurka. Sun so su kalubalanci gwamnati kan gazawarta na aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyi, don yin aiki a kan manufofin dakatar da kabilanci, da kuma inganta ra'ayin jama'a da godiya ga al'adun Indiya.

Kungiyar farko ta NCAI ta samo asali ne daga 'yan asalin Amurka waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Ofishin Harkokin Indiya (BIA) kuma suna wakiltar kabilun da yawa. Daga cikin wannan rukuni akwai D'Arcy McNickle na BIA .  A taron kasa na biyu, matan Indiya sun halarci a matsayin wakilai a cikin lambobi daidai da maza. Taron ya yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a cire ma'aikatan BIA daga aiki a matsayin manyan jami'ai ko membobin kwamitin zartarwa. Shugaban farko na NCAI shine Napoleon B. Johnson, alƙali a Oklahoma. Dan Madrano (Caddo) shi ne sakatare-mai ba da kuɗi na farko; ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Oklahoma .  Daga 1945 zuwa 1952, babban sakataren NCAI shine Ruth Muskrat Bronson (Cherokee), wanda ya kafa sabis na labarai na majalisa na kungiyar. Ayyukan Bronson sun kasance na son rai, saboda kungiyar ba za ta iya biyan ta don aiki a matsayin babban sakataren ta ba.

A cikin 1950, John Rainer ya zama babban darektan zartarwa na farko na NCAI. An maye gurbinsa da Bronson a 1951, wanda ya yi murabus a 1952. Frank George, wani Nez Perce daga Colville Indian Reservation, ya takaita mukamin  kafin Helen Peterson (Cheyenne-Lakota) ya karɓi mukamin a matsayin babban darektan kungiyar a 1953. A wannan shekarar, W. W. Short ya maye gurbin Johnson a matsayin shugaban NCAI. A shekara ta 1954, Joseph Garry (Coeur d'Alene) ya maye gurbin Short, tsohon soja na yakin duniya na biyu da Yaƙin Koriya. Garry ya fadada jagorancin kungiyar sosai daga mayar da hankali kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a cikin Great Plains da Kudu maso Yamma, yana mai da shi ya haɗa da kabilun da ke Midwest da Northwest.

A cikin 1966, NCAI ta tara kusan shugabannin kabilun 80 daga kabilun 62 don nuna rashin amincewa da fitar da su daga taron da Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta tallafawa kan sake tsara BIA (Ofishin Harkokin Indiya). Morris Udall, shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin Cikin gida da tsibirin, ne ya shirya taron na majalisa, don tattauna sake tsara Ofishin Harkokin Indiya. Udall daga ƙarshe ya ba da izinin wakilan NCAI su halarci. Ya tabbatar da cewa za a kirkiro Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙabilar, wacce ta ƙunshi membobin ƙabilar, don ba shi shawara.

 Jagorancin da ya gabata 
+Past leadership YearMeeting locationPresidentExecutive Director1944Denver, CONapoleon B. Johnson, CherokeeRuth Muskrat Bronson, Cherokee1945Browning, MTN.B. JohnsonRuth Muskrat Bronson1946Oklahoma City, OKN.B. JohnsonRuth Muskrat Bronson1947Santa Fe, NMN.B. JohnsonRuth Muskrat Bronson1948Denver, CON.B. JohnsonRuth Muskrat Bronson1949Rapid City, SDN.B. JohnsonLouis R. Bruce, St. Regis Mohawk, Edward Rogers, Minnesota Chippewa1950Bellingham, WAN.B. JohnsonJohn C. Rainer, Taos Pueblo1951St. Paul, MNN.B. JohnsonRuth Muskrat Bronson, Cherokee1952Denver, CON.B. JohnsonFrank George, Colville1953Phoenix, AZJoseph R. Garry, Coeur D'AleneHelen Peterson, Oglala Lakota1954Omaha, NEJoseph R. GarryHelen Peterson1955Spokane, WAJoseph R. GarryHelen Peterson1956Salt Lake City, UTJoseph R. GarryHelen Peterson1957Claremore, OKJoseph R. GarryHelen Peterson1958Missoula, MTJoseph R. GarryHelen Peterson1959Phoenix, AZJoseph R. GarryHelen Peterson1960Denver, COWalter Wetzel, BlackfeetRobert Burnett, Rosebud Sioux1961Lewiston, IDWalter WetzelRobert Burnett1962Cherokee, NCWalter WetzelRobert Burnett1963Bismarck, NDWalter WetzelRobert Burnett1964Sheridan, WYWalter WetzelVine Deloria Jr., Standing Rock Sioux1965Scottsdale, AZClarence Wesley, San Carlos ApacheVine Deloria, Jr.1966Oklahoma City, OKClarence WesleyVine Deloria, Jr.1967Portland, ORWendell Chino, Mescalero ApacheVine Deloria, Jr.1968Omaha, NEWendell ChinoJohn Belindo, Navajo/Kiowa1969Albuquerque, NMEarl Old Person, BlackfeetBruce Wilkie, Makah1970Anchorage, AKEarl Old PersonFranklin Ducheneaux, Cheyenne River Sioux1971Reno, NVLeon F. Cook, Red Lake ChippewaLeo W. Vocu, Oglala Sioux1972Sarasota, FLLeon F. CookCharles Trimble, Oglala Sioux1973Tulsa, OKMel Tonasket, ColvilleCharles Trimble1974San Diego, CAMel TonasketCharles Trimble1975Portland, ORMel TonasketCharles Trimble1976Salt Lake City, UTMel TonasketCharles Trimble1977Dallas, TXVeronica L. Murdock, Mohave (Colorado River Indian Tribes)Charles Trimble1978Rapid City, SDVeronica L. MurdockAndrew E. Ebona, Tlingit1979Albuquerque, NMEdward Driving Hawk, SiouxRonald Andrade, Luiseño/Kumeyaay1980Spokane, WAEdward Driving HawkRonald Andrade1981Anchorage, AKJoseph DeLaCruz, QuinaultRonald Andrade1982Bismarck, NDJoseph DeLaCruzRonald Andrade1983Green Bay, WIJoseph DeLaCruzSilas Whitman, Nez Perce1984Spokane, WAJoseph DeLaCruzSuzan Shown Harjo, Cheyenne/Muscogee1985Tulsa, OKReuben A. Snake Jr., Winnebago Tribe of NebraskaSuzan Shown Harjo1986Phoenix, AZReuben A. Snake Jr.Suzan Shown Harjo1987Tampa, FLReuben A. Snake Jr.Suzan Shown Harjo1988Sioux City, SDJohn Gonzales, San Ildefonso PuebloSuzan Shown Harjo1989Oklahoma City, OKJohn GonzalesSuzan Shown Harjo1990Albuquerque, NMWayne L. Ducheneaux, Cheyenne River SiouxA. Gay Kingman, Cheyenne River Sioux1991San Francisco, CAWayne L. DucheneauxA. Gay Kingman1992Arlington, VAgaiashkibos, Lac Courte OreillesMichael J. Anderson, Creek/Choctaw1993Reno, NVgaiashkibosRachel A. Joseph, Shoshone/Paiute/Mono1994Denver, COgaiashkibosJoAnn K. Chase, Mandan/Hidatsa/Arikara1995San Diego, CAgaiashkibosJoAnn K. Chase1996Phoenix, AZW. Ron Allen, Jamestown S’KlallamJoAnn K. Chase1997Santa Fe, NMW. Ron AllenJoAnn K. Chase1998Myrtle Beach, SCW. Ron AllenJoAnn K. Chase1999Palm Springs, CAW. Ron AllenJoAnn K. Chase2000St. Paul, MNSusan Masten, YurokJoAnn K. Chase2001Spokane, WASusan MastenJacqueline Johnson, Tlingit2002San Diego, CATex G. Hall, Mandan/Hidatsa/ArikaraJacqueline Johnson2003Albuquerque, NMTex HallJacqueline Johnson2004Fort Lauderdale, FLTex HallJacqueline Johnson2005Tulsa, OKTex HallJacqueline Johnson2006Sacramento, CAJoe A. Garcia, Ohkay OwingehJacqueline Johnson2007Denver, COJoe A. GarciaJacqueline Johnson2008Phoenix, AZJoe A. GarciaJacqueline Johnson Pata2009Palm Springs, CAJoe A. GarciaJacqueline Johnson Pata2010Albuquerque, NMJefferson Keel, ChickasawJacqueline Johnson Pata2011Portland, ORJefferson KeelJacqueline Johnson Pata2012Sacramento, CAJefferson KeelJacqueline Johnson Pata2013Tulsa, OKJefferson KeelJacqueline Johnson Pata2014Atlanta, GeorgiaBrian Cladoosby, SwinomishJacqueline Johnson Pata2015San Diego, CABrian CladoosbyJacqueline Johnson Pata2016Phoenix, AZBrian CladoosbyJacqueline Pata2017Milwaukee, WIBrian CladoosbyJacqueline Pata2018Denver, COJefferson KeelJacqueline Pata2019Albuquerque, NMJefferson KeelKevin Allis2020Fawn Sharp, Quinault2021Fawn Sharp2022Fawn SharpJefferson Keel2023New Orleans, LAMark Macarro, Pechanga

 Shahararrun mambobi 

 Ruth Muskrat Bronson, babban darakta (1944-48) kuma kwararre a harkokin Indiyawan Amurka
 Vine Deloria, Jr., babban darektan (1964-1967). Ya kawo karshen manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na majalisa
 Susan Shown Harjo, babban darakta (1984-1989) 
 J. B. Milam: memba mai kafa
 Ira Hayes: Jarumin Amurka a lokacin yakin Iwo Jima, kuma ya yi jawabi a majalisa.
 Nipo T. Strongheart mai wasan kwaikwayo-malami kuma Mai ba da shawara kan fasaha a fina-finai da yawa na Hollywood da suka shafi 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da kuma co-kafa. 

 Manazarta