Iska ta Chinook

Iska ta Chinook, ko kuma kawai chinooks, nau'ikan nau'ikan zafi ne guda biyu, yawanci iskar yamma a yammacin Arewacin Amurka: Coastal Chinooks da Chinooks na ciki. Chinooks na bakin teku suna da yanayi mai ɗorewa, rigar, iskõki na kudu maso yamma suna hurawa daga teku. Chinooks na ciki suna da zafi, iska mai bushewa da ke busawa a gefen gabas na tsaunuka na ciki. Chinooks na bakin teku sune asalin kalmar, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a bakin tekun arewa maso yamma,  kuma kalmar da ke cikin Arewacin Amurka daga baya ce kuma ta samo asali ne daga kalmar bakin teku. 

 Tare da gabar tekun Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific, inda ake kiran sunan /tʃɪˈnʊk/ ('chin'+'uk'), Tolmie, W.F. (1884). "Example of tshinook original pronunciation". Comparative vocabularies of the Indian tribes etc. sunan yana nufin rigar, iska mai dumi daga teku daga kudu maso yamma; wannan shine asalin amfani da kalmar.  Iska ta Chinook ta bakin teku tana ba da danshi mai yawa kamar ruwan sama a bakin tekun da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin tsaunuka na bakin teku, wanda ke riƙe da yanayin gandun daji da yanayin Pacific Northwest.


 A cikin yammacin Arewacin Amurka, ana amfani da wannan sunan don iskar föhn, gabaɗaya,  inda Canadian Prairies da Great Plains ke gabashin tsaunuka daban-daban na ciki. A can ana kiran sunan /ʃɪˈnʊk/ ('shin'+'uk'). Irin wannan iska mai dumi, mai laushi na bakin teku na iya zama iska mai laushi a gefen gabas na tsaunuka, bayan sun rasa danshi a gefen yamma; duk da haka, saboda fadada amfani da kalmar a cikin ciki don kowane iskar föhn, Chinooks na ciki ba lallai ba ne Chinooks na bakin teku.

A cikin Arewacin Amurka, Mutanen Blackfoot suna kiran waɗannan iskõki "mai cin dusar ƙanƙara";  duk da haka, kalmar da aka fi amfani da ita "Chinook" ta samo asali ne daga sunan Mutanen Chinook, waɗanda ke zaune kusa da teku, tare da ƙananan Kogin Columbia, inda aka fara samo kalmar.  Magana game da "iska na Chinook" ko tsarin yanayi da farko yana nufin, ga mazauna Yuro-Amurka a bakin tekun Pacific Northwest, iska mai dumi daga teku tana hurawa cikin yankuna na ciki na Pacific Northwest na Arewa maso yammacin Amurka.

Iska mai karfi na föhn na iya sa dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi (30  kusan ya ɓace a rana ɗaya. dusar ƙanƙara ta ragu kuma ta narke kuma ta narse a cikin iska mai bushe. An lura da iskar Chinook don haɓaka zafin hunturu, sau da yawa daga ƙasa da -20 ° C (-4 ° F) zuwa sama da 10-20 ° C (50-68 ° F) na 'yan sa'o'i ko kwanaki, sannan yanayin zafi ya faɗi zuwa matakan su.

Saurin sa yana tsakanin 16 km / h (10mph) da 60 km / h (37.5mph), yana gudana zuwa 100 km / h (62.5 mph). 

 A Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific 
Ana amfani da "Chinook" don iskar Chinook ta bakin teku a British Columbia, kuma shine asalin amfani da kalmar, yana da tushe a cikin ilimin 'yan asalin bakin teku da baƙi, kuma masu sayar da fata masu magana da Faransanci suka kawo shi Alberta. Irin waɗannan iskõki suna da zafi sosai kuma suna zuwa daga yammacin gabar Arewacin Amurka daga kudu maso yamma. Wadannan iskõki iri ɗaya kwanan nan an kira su pineapple express, tunda sun samo asali ne daga wurare masu zafi, kusan daga yankin Pacific kusa da Hawaii.

Iska da ke da alaƙa da Chinook na bakin teku yana da kwanciyar hankali; wannan yana rage iska kuma sau da yawa yana kiyaye iskõki a wuraren da aka kare. A cikin wuraren da aka fallasa, sabbin iska suna da yawa a lokacin Chinook, amma iska mai karfi ko iska mai karfi ba a saba gani ba; yawancin iskõki masu guguwa na yankin suna zuwa lokacin da saurin "yamma" jet ya bar iska daga matsakaici da latitudes subarctic rikici.

Lokacin da Chinook na bakin teku ya zo lokacin da iska ta Arctic ke riƙewa a kan bakin teku, danshi na wurare masu zafi ya kawo sanyi kwatsam, ya shiga cikin iska mai daskarewa kuma ya sauka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wani lokacin zuwa matakin teku. Snowfalls da sanyi spells da spawn kawai na tsawon 'yan kwanaki a lokacin Chinook; yayin da zafi bakin teku Chinooks ke busa daga kudu maso yamma, suna turawa zuwa gabas sanyi Arctic iska. dusar ƙanƙara tana narkewa da sauri kuma ta tafi cikin mako guda.

Tasirin da ke cikin British Columbia lokacin da Chinook na bakin teku ke aiki shine akasin haka. A lokacin ruwan sama, mafi yawan danshi mai nauyi za a cire shi daga iska mai tasowa sakamakon ƙetare kan ganuwar dutse kafin iska ta sauka (sabili da haka ta yi dumi kuma ta bushe) cikin Fraser Canyon da yankin Thompson River-Okanagan. Sakamakon ya yi kama da na Chinook na ciki na Albertan, kodayake ba daidai ba ne, wani bangare saboda Okanagan ya fi zafi fiye da Prairies, kuma wani bangare ne saboda ƙarin adadin tsaunuka masu kama hazo tsakanin Kelowna da Calgary. Lokacin da Chinook na bakin teku ya kawo dusar ƙanƙara zuwa bakin teku a lokacin sanyi na bakin teku, yanayi mai haske amma mai sanyi a cikin ciki zai ba da damar narkewar dusar ƙara, saboda yanayin zafi fiye da ruwan sama.

 Bayyanawa a Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific 
Kalmar "Chinook" ta kasance cikin amfani da ita tsakanin masunta na gida da mutane a cikin al'ummomin da ke kusa da gabar tekun Columbia na Burtaniya, da bakin tekun Washington da Oregon, kuma musamman, ana amfani da kalmar a yankin Puget Sound na Washington . Ba a lafazin "Chinook" na bakin teku shin-uk ( / ʃ ɪ ˈnʊk / ) kamar yadda yake a cikin ciki, gabashin Cascades, amma yana cikin asalin lafazin bakin tekun chin-uk ( / t ʃ ɪ ˈnʊk / ) . Tolmie, W.F. (1884). "Example of tshinook original pronunciation". Comparative vocabularies of the Indian tribes etc.

In British Columbia and other parts of the Pacific Northwest, the word Chinook was predominantly pronounced /tʃɪˈnʊk/ chi-NUUK.Tolmie, W.F. (1884). "Example of tshinook original pronunciation". Comparative vocabularies of the Indian tribes etc. However, the common pronunciation current throughout most of the inland Pacific Northwest, Alberta, and the rest of Canada, is /ʃɪˈnʊk/ shi-NUUK, as in French.[] This difference may be because it was the Métis employees of the Hudson's Bay Company, who were familiar with the Chinook people and country, brought the name east of the Cascades and Rockies, along with their own ethnic pronunciation. Early records are clear that tshinook was the original pronunciation, before the word's transmission east of the Rockies.

 Tarihin kasashe na farko daga British Columbia 
Labarin asalin Lil'wat na St'at'imc ya ba da labarin wata yarinya mai suna Chinook-Wind, wacce ta auri Chinook Glacier, kuma ta koma ƙasarsa, wacce ke yankin Birkenhead River na yau. Ta yi farin ciki da gidanta mai dumi a kudu maso yamma, kuma ta aika da sako ga mutanenta. Sun zo mata a cikin wahayin a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara, kuma sun gaya mata cewa suna zuwa su same ta. Sun zo da yawa kuma sun yi jayayya da Glacier game da ita, amma sun mamaye shi kuma a ƙarshe ta koma gida tare da su.

 Chinooks a Alberta da gabashin British Columbia 
Chinooks na ciki sun fi yawa a kudancin Alberta a Kanada, musamman a cikin bel daga Pincher Creek da Crowsnest Pass ta hanyar Lethbridge, wanda ke samun kwanaki 30-35 na Chinook a kowace shekara, a matsakaici. Chinooks na ciki sun zama marasa yawa a kudu a Amurka, kuma ba su da yawa a arewacin Red Deer, amma suna iya kuma suna faruwa a kowace shekara har zuwa arewacin High Level a arewa maso yammacin Alberta da British Columbia">Fort St. John a arewa maso gabashin British Columbia, kuma har zuwa kudu kamar Las Vegas, Nevada, kuma wani lokaci zuwa Carlsbad, a gabashin New Mexico. 

 Arki na Chinook 
Abubuwa biyu na girgije da aka gani a ciki a wannan lokacin sune chinook arch a saman, da kuma bankin girgije (wanda ake kira bango na girgije) wanda ke rufe duwatsu zuwa yamma. Bankin ya zama guguwa mai zuwa, amma ba ya ci gaba zuwa gabas.

Ɗaya daga cikin siffofin da suka fi ban sha'awa na tsarin yanayin Chinook na ciki shine Chinook arch, girgije na föhn a cikin nau'in girgije mai tsayi, wanda ya haifar da iska da ke tsalle a kan duwatsu saboda ɗagawar orographic. Ga wadanda ba su saba da shi ba, Chinook arch na iya zama kamar girgije mai barazana, duk da haka, girgije na arch ba ya samar da ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara. Hakanan suna iya haifar da fitowar rana mai ban mamaki da faɗuwar rana.

Irin wannan abu, arewa maso yamma, kuma girgije ne, ana ganin shi a gabashin New Zealand.

Launuka masu ban sha'awa da aka gani a cikin tashar Chinook sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Yawanci, launuka za su canza a ko'ina cikin rana, farawa da launin rawaya, orange, ja, da ruwan hoda da safe yayin da rana ta fito, launin toka a tsakar rana yana canzawa zuwa ruwan hoda / ja launuka, sannan kuma launin orange / rawaya kafin faɗuwar rana.

 Rubuce-rubuce 
Loma, Montana tana da rikodin duniya don canjin zafin jiki mafi tsananin a cikin sa'o'i 24. A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1972, zafin jiki ya karu daga -54 zuwa 49 ° F (-48 zuwa 9 ° C), canjin  ° F (57 ° C) a cikin zafin jiki.

Spearfish, Dakota ta Kudu tana riƙe da rikodin duniya don karuwar sauri a zafin jiki. A ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1943, zafin jiki ya karu daga -4 zuwa 45 ° F (-20 zuwa 7 ° C), canjin  ° F (27 ° C) a cikin zafin jiki. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin minti 2 kawai.Parker, Watson (1981). – Deadwood: The Golden Years. – Lincoln, Nebraska: The University of Nebraska. – p.158. – .

Spearfish, Dakota ta Kudu kuma tana riƙe da rikodin duniya don raguwar zafin jiki mafi sauri, a wannan rana. A ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1943, zafin jiki ya ragu daga 54 zuwa -4 ° F (12 zuwa -20 ° C),  ° F (32 ° C) canjin zafin jiki. Wannan ya faru a cikin minti 27.US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "The Black Hills Remarkable Temperature Change of January 22, 1943". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-03.

Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu tana da rikodin duniya don raguwar zafin jiki mafi sauri. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1911, zafin jiki ya ragu daga 60 zuwa 13 ° F (16 zuwa -11 ° C), canjin  ° F (26 ° C) a cikin zafin jiki.

 Manazarta 

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