Manila Dolomite Beach

Manila Bay Dolomite Beach, wanda aka fi sani da Dolomite Coast, rairayin bakin teku ne na wucin gadi tare da Manila Bay a Manila, Philippines wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar tsarin abinci mai gina jiki na rairayin rairayin teku. Yana daga cikin hadin gwiwar yankin bakin teku wanda aka tsara don kare bakin teku na aikin Manila Bay Rehabilitation. An shirya rairayin bakin teku don rufe jimlar mita 900 na Manila Baywalk .  An fara buɗe rairayin bakin teku daga Satumba 19 zuwa 20, 2020, amma an rufe shi don fadadawa. An ayyana rairayin bakin teku na wucin gadi a watan Oktoba 2022.

 Tarihi 
Dolomite Beach wani aiki ne na Ma'aikatar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa (DENR). Yana daga cikin Shirin Gyara Manila Bay wanda Sakatare Roy Cimatu ya ƙaddamar a watan Janairun 2019. Yana da wani bangare mai mahimmanci na hadin gwiwar yankin bakin teku wanda aka yi niyya don kare bakin teku na Manila Bay Rehabilitation. An amince da kasafin kudin aikin kafin annobar COVID-19. An ware shi don ciyar da rairayin bakin teku, gyaran bakin teku da haɓaka yankin Manila Baywalk. Ayyuka a kan aikin sun fara ne a watan Agustan 2020, lokacin da gwamnati ta ba da izini ga Kamfanin Ma'adinai na Philippine don jigilar dolomite da aka murkushe daga Alkoy, Cebu zuwa Manila. An dakatar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na Dolomite a watan Satumbar 2020.

 Yankin rairayin bakin teku 
An halicci Dolomite Beach ta hanyar tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda shine al'ada a cikin kirkirar rairayin bakin teku a duniya. Bayan cire tarkace a cikin mita 500 (1,600  na baywalk daga Manila Yacht Club zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Manila, masu goyon bayan aikin sun zubar da yadudduka biyu na yashi na yau da kullun kafin su rufe shi da murkushe dolomite.
An fara buɗe rairayin bakin teku ga jama'a daga Satumba 19 zuwa 20, 2020.  Bayan haka, an sake rufe shi don fadadawa. Da farko, za a kammala rairayin bakin teku a watan Disamba na 2020, amma an tura shi baya a cikin 2021. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2021, Mataimakin Sakataren DENR Benny Antiporda ya bayyana cewa rufewa da murkushe dolomite don ɓangaren mita 500 na rairayin bakin teku zai ɗauki wata ɗaya zuwa biyu don kammalawa.

Bayan harin Typhoon Vamco (Ulysses) a watan Nuwamba, an zubar da rairayin bakin teku da shara, tare da DENR ta musanta rahotanni cewa an wanke dolomite, tana cewa an wanka baƙar yashi zuwa rairayin kan teku. Bayan jerin guguwa a ƙarshen 2020, DENR ta cika rairayin bakin teku tare da sabon rukunin dutsen dolomite da aka murkushe.

An shimfiɗa sabon rigar yashi na dolomite a kan rairayin bakin teku a watan Afrilun 2021.

A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2021, an sake buɗe rairayin bakin teku ga jama'a ba tare da sanarwa ba. A watan Satumbar 2021, an shigar da wani ƙofar ƙofar da ke ɗauke da sunan shafin: "Manila Baywalk Dolomite Beach". An sake buɗe rairayin bakin teku a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2021. An sake buɗe rairayin bakin teku a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2022, bayan an sake rufe shi don fadadawa.  

A watan Oktoba na 2022, DENR ta ayyana rairayin bakin teku ya cika ba tare da kasafin kuɗi da aka ware don duk wani ci gaba da aka bayar don 2023 ba.

 Tsarin 
Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Hanyoyi (DPWH) ce ta gudanar da aikin abinci na rairayin bakin teku tare da DENR kuma yana daga cikin Manila Bay Rehabilitation. Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana da jimlar tsawon mita 900 (3,000 , farawa daga ƙarshen Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Manila, da faɗin mita 60 (200  daga farawa daga bakin tekun Manila Baywalk. Dukan aikin, wanda ya kunshi abinci mai gina jiki na rairayin bakin teku, gyaran bakin teku da haɓaka yankin Manila Baywalk ya rufe duk yankin da ya fara daga kudancin kudancin Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka har zuwa Breakwater na Manila Yacht Club .  DPWH tana shirin gina sabon ruwa, ban da geotubes, don kare rairayin bakin teku daga guguwa da kuma hana yashi na dolomite daga wankewa. Tsarin da aka tsara zai kuma kare yankunan da ke ƙasa a Manila, Pasay, Las Piñas da Parañaque.

 Tasirin 
alt=Refer to caption|thumb|Jami'an gwamnati suna bincika ci gaban aikin rairayin bakin teku.
A cewar Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai da Geosciences, aikin zai amfana da yawon bude ido, kasuwanci da muhalli. Hakanan zai kare kadarorin bakin teku daga rushewa da guguwar guguwa da kuma abinci mai gina jiki na rairayin bakin teku sune ayyukan da aka fi so a kan tsarin daidaita rairayin kan teku (kamar seawalls da groynes).  Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa amfani da dolomite ba sanannen haɗarin lafiya ba ne.

 Muhalli 
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa ta ci gaba da cewa dolomite da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar rairayin bakin teku ba ya haifar da lahani ga yanayin halittu na Manila Bay. An yi zargin cewa an sanya dolomite a matsayin yiwuwar haifar da kisan kifi a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2020, kusa da ruwan Baseco Compound. DENR ta kalubalanci da'awar, tana mai cewa kisan kifi ya faru kilomita 5 (3.1  daga rairayin bakin teku kuma ya ambaci yaduwar ruwan sama na kudu maso yamma a wannan lokacin, da kuma kasancewar ruwa tsakanin shafin da ruwan da ke kusa da rairayin kan teku wanda ya hana canja wurin yashi.

Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran ayyukan abinci na rairayin bakin teku, yankin na iya zama ƙarin wurin zama ga nau'o'in halittu da yawa kamar tururuwan teku, da tsuntsayen teku da tsire-tsire na rairayar bakin teku. Lokacin da aka fara buɗe rairayin bakin teku ga jama'a, an ga garken egrets a yankin rairayin kan teku.

 Ingancin ruwa 
A watan Fabrairun 2021, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa ta ba da rahoton raguwar matakin fecal coliform a cikin ruwan da ke kusa da rairayin bakin teku. Matsayin fecal coliform a Manila Bay ya sauka daga miliyan 7.16 mafi yawan adadin da za a iya samu a kowace mililitara 100 (mpn/100ml) a cikin 2020 zuwa miliyan 4.87 mpn/100ml a watan Fabrairun 2021, yayin da matakin fecal coliforme a kusa da rairayin bakin teku ya sauka ne daga miliyan 2.2 mpn/100 ml da ya gabata 4 ga Janairu zuwa 523,000 mpn/100 мл a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, bisa ga matsakaicin ƙididdigar daga tashoshin sa ido guda uku.   

Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2022, tashoshin sa ido kan ingancin ruwa guda biyu kusa da rairayin bakin teku sun yi rajistar ƙananan matakan coliform - daga 7,300 MPN/100mL zuwa 1,700 MPN/100 mL, kuma daga 10,200 MPN/100ML zuwa 2,100 MPN/100umL, bi da bi.

Gwamnati ta hana yin iyo a kan ruwa a bakin rairayin bakin teku, duk da haka, saboda matakin coliform na ruwa har yanzu yana da nisa daga kyakkyawan 100 mpn/100ml.

 Karɓar baƙi 
Aikin ya sami tallafi daga gwamnatin birnin Manila karkashin jagorancin Magajin garin Isko Moreno .  Shugaba Rodrigo Duterte ya kuma nuna goyon bayansa ga aikin. Hakazalika, Sakataren Roy Cimatu, ganin taron mutane a lokacin budewar Satumba 2020, ya ce aikin ya sami goyon baya mai yawa daga jama'a. A lokacin da aka bude shi a watan Satumba, mutane sun cika bakin rairayin bakin teku da yankin da ke kusa da shi cewa ba a lura da nisantawa ta jiki yadda ya kamata ba. Vloggers suna sanya sabuntawa masu kyau game da aikin, wanda Mataimakin Sakataren DENR Benny Antiporda ya ambata a matsayin "hanyar da ta dace wajen sanar da jama'a" game da aikin.

Koyaya, aikin ya sami zargi daga masu gwagwarmaya, masu kula da muhalli, da kungiyoyin masu kiyaye al'adun gargajiya. Daga cikin wadanda zarge-zargen suka yi niyya sun kasance lokacin aikin, wanda aka aiwatar a cikin annobar COVID-19, da damuwa game da mummunan tasirin muhalli daga sanya dolomite a kan gurbataccen Manila Bay.

 Amfani da kudaden jama'a 
Sanatoci uku sun kuma nuna adawarsu ga aikin: Nancy Binay, Risa Hontiveros da Francis "Kiko" Pangilinan . Binay ya ambaci rashin shawarwarin jama'a game da aikin, da kuma rashin karatu game da tasirin amfani da yashi na dolomite. Dukansu Hontiveros da Pangilinan sun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da kudade don aikin a kan kiwon lafiyar jama'a da kayan agaji a maimakon haka. Akbayan ya shigar da kara tare da Kotun Koli don hukunta Ma'aikatar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa don ci gaba da aikin, amma an watsar da karar.

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da zargi cewa kuɗin da aka kashe a kan aikin zai iya zama mafi kyau a kashe shi don mayar da martani ga annobar COVID-19, mai magana da yawun Shugaban kasa Harry Roque ya ce bai "saya wannan gardamar" ba saboda kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta mutane ma ana buƙatar, yana nuna cewa idan mutane za su ziyarci rairayin bakin teku, ba za a iya ƙididdige tasirin lafiyar kwakwalwa a kansu ba.

 Sanya dolomite da aka murkushe 
Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Marine ta Jami'ar Philippines (MSI) ba ta amince da shimfiɗa yashi na dolomite don ƙirƙirar rairayin bakin teku ba, tana mai cewa wannan ba zai inganta ingancin ruwa a Manila Bay ba kuma ci gaba da cika yashi zai zama tsada. Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta ta UP ta ce amfani da mangroves maimakon murkushe dutsen dolomite zai fi kyau don farfadowa, ta kara da cewa Ƙungiyar Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta fi son wannan a matsayin ingantaccen mafita ta yanayi. Mataimakin Sakataren Antiporda bai yarda da shawarar Cibiyar Kimiyya ta UP ba, yana kiransu hacks da aka biya, kuma kasancewar daga jami'ar jihar bai kamata jihar ta biya su ba. Antiporda ta ce gwamnati ta biya UP "rabi biliyan pesos" don shawarwari. Laura David, darektan UP MSI, ya ce jami'ar ta caje gwamnati sama da pesos miliyan 364. Antiporda daga baya ya nemi gafara saboda sanarwa, yana kiran zargi na UP "mai raɗaɗi"; David ya yarda da neman gafara na Antiporda, kuma ya kira baya da gaba "rashin fahimta".

 Manazarta 

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