Ilimin likita a Hong Kong

Ilimin likitanci na zamani a Hong Kong ya fara ne a 1887 tare da kafa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong Kong don Sinanci. A halin yanzu, jami'o'i biyu suna ba da digiri na MBBS ga likitoci kuma jami'oʼi shida suna ba da digirin digiri a wasu batutuwa na kimiyyar kiwon lafiya.

 Tarihi 
Kwalejin Magunguna ta Hong Kong don Sinanci (Sinanci: 香港華人西醫書院) an kafa ta ne a 1887 ta London Missionary Society, tare da digiri na farko (a 1892) shine Sun Yat-sen . Sun bayan Juyin Juya Halin Xinhai na 1911, wanda ya canza kasar Sin daga daular zuwa jamhuriya, ya zama shugaban kasar Sin. Chinese" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese">Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong Kong don Sinanci ita ce ta farko da Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jami'ar Hong Kong, wacce ta fara a shekarar 1911.

 Cibiyoyin ilimin kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya 
CibiyarShirye-shiryenShirye-shiryen karatun digiri da aka bayarJami'ar Hong KongLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine M.B., BS (Bachelor of Medicine &amp; Bachelor of Surgery) 
 Bachelor na Nursing
 Bachelor na Pharmacy
 Bachelor na likitancin kasar Sin
 Bachelor na Kimiyya ta BiomedicalKwalejin ilimin hakora Bachelor na aikin tiyata na hakoraMa'aikatar Ilimi Bachelor of Science a cikin Magana-Harshe PathologyJami'ar kasar Sin ta Hong KongKwalejin Kiwon Lafiya [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] B. (Bachelor of Medicine &amp; Bachelor of Surgery) 
 Bachelor na Nursing
 Bachelor na Pharmacy
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Lafiya ta Jama'a
 Bachelor na likitancin kasar Sin
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Gerontology
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Ayyukan Lafiya na Al'ummaJami'ar Polytechnic ta Hong KongKwalejin Lafiya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a Bachelor of Science a Physiotherapy
 Bachelor of Science a cikin maganin aiki
 Bachelor of Science a Nursing
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Nursing na Lafiya
 Bachelor of Science a dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Radiography
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Optometry
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Nazarin Tsohon Lokaci
 Bachelor of Science a cikin Nursing na DabbobiMakarantar Ilimi ta Kwararru da Ci gaban Zartarwa Shirin Kimiyya na farko a cikin Kimiyya mai amfani (tare da ƙwarewa a Nazarin Lafiya) Jami'ar Babban Birnin Hong KongMakarantar Nursing da Nazarin Lafiya Bachelor of Nursing tare da girmamawa a cikin Kula da Lafiya gaba ɗaya
 Bachelor of Nursing tare da girmamawa a cikin Kula da Lafiya ta ZuciyaJami'ar Baptist ta Hong KongMakarantar Magunguna ta kasar Sin Bachelor of Pharmacy a cikin Magungunan kasar Sin
 Bachelor na likitancin kasar Sin da Bachelor na Kimiyya ta BiomedicalKwalejin Tung WahMa'aikatar Nursing da Kimiyya ta Lafiya Bachelor of Health Science Major a Nursing
 Bachelor of Health Science Major a cikin Applied GerontologyMa'aikatar Rehabilitation da Kimiyya ta Jama'a Bachelor of Science a cikin Occupational TherapyMa'aikatar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya Bachelor of Medical Science Major a Basic Medical Sciences
 Bachelor of Medical Science Major a cikin Forensic Science
 Bachelor of Medical Science Major a cikin Medical Laboratory Science
 Bachelor of Medical Science Major a Radiation Therapy
 Bachelor of Medical Science Major a Nazarin Lafiya na DabbobiCibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta CaritasMakarantar Kimiyya ta Lafiya Shirin Bachelor of Nursing (Honours)
 Bachelor of Science (Honours) a cikin Physiotherapy
Abinci na shirye-shiryen digiri na kiwon lafiya daban-daban a Hong Kong suna da iyaka.

Hong Kong tana da cikakkun fannoni biyu na kiwon lafiya, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Jami'ar Hong Kong da Faculty for Medicine, Jamiʼar Hong Kong ta kasar Sin, kuma su ne kawai cibiyoyin da ke ba da kantin magani da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na shekaru shida. Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jami'o'in biyu sun hada da sassa biyu, shekaru biyu zuwa uku na karatun kafin asibiti (lokacin ya dogara da ko ɗalibin ya kammala karatun sakandare ko mai riƙe da digiri yana neman wani digiri), da shekaru uku na asibiti. A cikin shekaru uku na aikin likita, ana juyawa dalibai a cikin magani, tiyata, da sauran ƙwarewa. Don magance bukatun kiwon lafiya na Hong Kong, an yi kira don ƙirƙirar makarantar likita ta uku a Hong Kong. 

Sauran shirye-shiryen horo na kiwon lafiya sun warwatse tsakanin sauran jami'o'in da ba su da bakuncin likitanci.

Wadannan cibiyoyin suna ba da darussan digiri daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya ko kimiyyar kiwon lafiya.

Baya ga shirin Bachelor, wasu hukumomin ilimi, asibitocin jama'a da asibitoci masu zaman kansu an amince da su a matsayin makarantun horar da ma'aikatan jinya / makarantun horarwa da aka yi rajista ta Majalisar Nursing ta Hong Kong don samar da shirye-shiryen difloma mafi girma ko shirye-shirye na difloma na sana'a, don kara yawan ma'aikatan Nurses da suka yi rajista a cikin masana'antar.
+CibiyarShirye-shiryenShirye-shiryen da aka bayar Asibitin Sarauniya MaryamuAsibitin Sarauniya ElizabethMakarantar Nursing Digiri mafi girma a fannin jinyaAsibitin Princess MargaretAsibitin Yarima na WalesCibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta CaritasMakarantar Nursing Digiri mafi girma a fannin jinyaAsibitin Kwong WahAsibitin Kirista na UnitedCibiyar Kiwon Lafiya da Asibitin Hong KongMakarantar Nursing  Babban difloma a cikin Nursing (Nurses-General) (HD-EN) Shirin Asibitin Tuen MunMakarantar Nursing JanarAsibitin Yan ChaiMakarantar Kwararru da Ci gaba da Ilimi ta HKU, Jami'ar Hong KongKwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta RayuwaKwalejin Al'umma ta HKU SPACE, Jami'ar Hong Kong Babban difloma a cikin Jinya Janar (Nurses da aka yi rajista)Asibitin St. TeresaMakarantar Nursing Babban difloma a cikin Babban Nursing (Nursing da aka yi rajista) Shirin
 Diploma na sana'a a fannin jinyaAsibitin UnionMakarantar Nursing Babban difloma a cikin Jinya Janar (Nurses da aka yi rajista)Asibitin Pamela Youde Nethersole na GabasAsibitin Adventist na Hong Kong da Asibitin Addu'a na Tsuen WanMakarantar Nursing ta Hong Kong AdventistAsibitin Baptist na Hong Kong Makarantar Nursing  Shirin Ma'aikatar Nursing na Digiri Asibitin GranthamAsibitin BegeAsibitin Tung Wah na GabasAsibitin Uwargidanmu na MaryknollAsibitin Kowloon

 Koyarwa 
Don yin rajista a matsayin likitoci, masu karatun likitanci dole ne su sami nasarar gudanarwa da kammala akalla shekara guda na aikin kulawa, wanda aka fi sani da aikin horarwa, tare da aiki mai gamsarwa. Ana gudanar da aikin horarwa a cikin mukaman asibiti da aka amince da su don wannan dalili.

A cikin wannan shekarar masu horar da ma'aikata (ma'aikatan gida) suna juyawa zuwa ƙwarewa huɗu (magunguna da tiyata tare da biyu na obstetrics da gynaecology, pediatrics, orthopaedics da traumatology, maganin gaggawa, psychiatry ko ophthalmology). Kowannensu yana da tsawon watanni uku. Babu iyakar sa'a na aiki a Hong Kong kuma ana sa ran masu horar da su su su yi aiki 80-100 hours a kowane mako.

 Masu karatun likitanci da ba na gida ba 
Kafin 1997 Handover na Hong Kong, digiri na likita daga HKU da CUHK sun cancanci cikakken rajista tare da Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya a Burtaniya. Koyaya, an soke musayar ga masu karatun likitanci na Burtaniya ko Commonwealth tun daga lokacin. Don zama cikakken likitan likita a Hong Kong, ana buƙatar duk masu karatun digiri na matsakaici don samun lasisin likita (LMCHK) daga Majalisar Likita ta Hong Kong. Tsarin da ya dace ya haɗa da wuce jarrabawar lasisi ta kashi 3 (HKMLE). A cikin 2017, Licentiate Society, mai zaman kansa, mai zaman kanta, wanda ba riba ba, an kafa shi don wakiltar LMCHK da kuma taimakawa wajen biyan bukatunsu na sana'a. Masu karatun likitanci daga HKU da CUHK an cire su daga daukar HKMLE.

 Gidauniyar 
Bayan kammala karatun likitanci cikin nasara, ana ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun rajistar rajista na wucin gadi don shekarar horon su (watau shekarar farko ta zama).  An ba da tabbacin horarwa ga HKU da CUHK waɗanda suka kammala karatun likitanci da waɗanda ba na cikin gida waɗanda suka kammala Jarabawar Lasisin.  Bayan nasarar kammala shekarar horon (PGY1), ana ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun likitanci cikakken rajista, kuma suna iya yin aiki a matsayin manyan likitoci a cikin jama'a ko kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.  Mutane da yawa, duk da haka, sun zaɓi neman horo na ƙwararru a cikin Hukumar Asibitoci, kuma su shiga shirin shekara huɗu zuwa shida, bayan haka za su sami rajista na ƙwararrun.  Ba kamar waɗanda ke cikin Burtaniya ko Arewacin Amurka ba, shirye-shiryen zama da yawa a Hong Kong ba su cika ba bayan tsarin wasan na shekara-shekara, tare da wuraren horarwa har hamsin a kowace shekara.

 Horar da kwararru 
Ana ba da horo na kwararru ne kawai a asibitoci a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Asibiti ta Hong Kong. Mai horo dole ne ya shiga shekara guda na horar da ƙwararru da shekaru huɗu zuwa shida na horarwar ƙwararru mai kulawa kuma ya wuce jarrabawar fita ko kimantawa da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong Kong ta gudanar, wanda shine ƙungiyar doka da aka ba da izini don tsarawa, saka idanu, kimantawa kuma amincewa da duk horarwar likitanci da likitanci a Hong Kong don tabbatar da ƙwararrun likitoci / likitanci. 

Ci gaban jarrabawar fita ko tantancewa sharadi ne ga Fellowship of the Academy.  Jarabawar duk tana haɗe da kwalejojin masarautar Burtaniya da Ostireliya, misali.  Kwalejin Royal na Likitoci, Ostiraliya da Kwalejin Likitoci na New Zealand.  Misali, wani babban likitan fiɗa a Hong Kong a Hong Kong zai cancanci FCSHK, FHKAM (General Surgery), FRCS (General Surgery) da FRCS (Edinburgh) yayin da likitan rediyo zai yi tsammanin samun FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology) da FRCR a ƙarshen horon haɗin gwiwa.  Jarabawar FHKAM tana mai da hankali kan ilimin cututtuka na gida kuma ya haɗa da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara, misali.  Ƙimar littafi, kimanta wallafe-wallafe, koyarwa, bincike da muryar viva na shekara-shekara waɗanda ba a haɗa su da jarrabawar Royal College ba.  Matsakaicin izinin FHKAM yayi kama da na jarabawar Royal College, a kusan 20-60% ya danganta da ƙwarewa.

A karkashin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong Kong, akwai kwalejoji 15 da ke ba da ƙwarewa 73: 
+Kolejoji Musamman  Shekaru na horoKwalejin Kwalejin Hong Kong ta AnaesthesiologistsAnaesthesiologyShekaru 6Magungunan Kulawa Mai GirmaShekaru 6Magungunan CiwoShekaru 6Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong KongMagungunan Jama'aMagungunan GudanarwaShekaru 6Magungunan Lafiya na Jama'aShekaru 6Magungunan aiki da na muhalliShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitocin Dental na Hong KongKimiyyar haƙori ta al'ummaShekaru 6+EndodonticsIlimin haƙori na iyaliAikin Magana da MaganaMagungunan hakoraKimiyyar haƙori na yaraIlimin lokaciMagungunan hakoraKwalejin Magungunan Gaggawa ta Hong KongIlimin Toxicology na asibitiMagungunan gaggawaShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitocin Iyali ta Hong KongMagungunan IyaliShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitocin Haihuwa da Likitocin Gynaecologists na Hong KongMagungunan haihuwa da ilimin mataShekaru 6Kimiyyar cututtukan mataMagungunan uwa da na tayinMagungunan haihuwaIlimin ilimin fitsariKwalejin likitocin ido na Hong KongIlimin idoShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitocin Kwalejin Kwalejin Hong KongOrthopaedics da TraumatologyCiwon dajiShekaru 6GyaraKwalejin Hong Kong na likitocin OtorhinolaryngologistsIlimin ƙwaƙwalwaShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitocin Yara ta Hong KongMagungunan yaraShekaru 6Ci gaban Halin YaraGenetics da Genomics (Pediatrics) Ilimin ilimin yaraMagungunan rigakafin yara, rashin lafiyan jiki da cututtukan cututtukaKimiyyar jijiyoyin yaraMagungunan numfashi na yaraIlimin haematology na yara da OncologyKwalejin Likitocin Magunguna ta Hong KongCututtukaShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitoci ta Hong KongIlimin cututtukan jikiKwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwalejin KwalejinIlimin cututtukan shari'aKwayoyin halitta da kwayar halittaHaematologyMagungunan rigakafiMicrobiology na asibiti da kamuwa da cutaIlimin zuciyaKimiyyar Magunguna da MagungunaMagungunan Kulawa Masu MuhimmanciKimiyyar fata da VenereologyIlimin cin zarafin mataEndocrinology, Ciwon sukari, da MetabolismGastroenterology da HepatologyIlimin hantaGenetics da Genomics (Medicine) Magungunan tsofaffiHaematology da Haematological OncologyMagungunan rigakafi da rashin lafiyan jikiCutar da ke yaduwaMagungunan cikiLikitancin OncologyNephrologyNeurologyMagunguna masu laushiMagungunan numfashiRashin ƙwaƙwalwaKwalejin Likitocin Zuciya ta Hong KongMagungunan kwakwalwaShekaru 6Kwalejin Radiologists ta Hong KongRadiologyShekaru 6Radiology na InterventionalKimiyyar OncologyShekaru 6Magungunan NukiliyaShekaru 6Kwalejin Likitoci na Hong KongAikin zuciya da kirjiBabban aikin tiyataAikin tiyataAikin kula da yaraAikin Fuskar FuskarMagungunan fitsariAikin tiyata na jijiyoyi
Ƙaddamarwa zuwa ƙarin matsayi, misali.  Associate Consultant, sau da yawa ya dogara da samuwar mukamai: ya dogara da farko akan ko babban mai ba da shawara ya bar aiki na sirri, yana barin guraben aiki.  Matsakaicin albashi, a matakin mazaunin (watau Jami'in Kiwon lafiya), a halin yanzu an iyakance shi zuwa $152,356 HKD a kowane wata (a matakan 2016/17).  Wannan keɓanta ne na alawus ɗin gidaje na 5%, kuma har zuwa 15% kyauta kowace shekara, da za a sake shi duk bayan shekaru uku.  Wannan ya haifar da ƙaura daga ƙwararrun masana daga HA zuwa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kuma HA ta mayar da martani ta hanyar yin alƙawarin haɓaka duk ƙwararrun masu ba da shawara ga Associate Consultants cikin shekaru 5 da samun cancantar ƙwararrun.  Koyaya, wannan ba manufa ce ta dindindin ba kuma tana ƙarƙashin kasafin kuɗin gwamnati.  Kafin sabuwar manufar, ba sabon abu ba ne ganin likitocin jama'a sun rage a matsayin 'Jami'an Likita' fiye da shekaru 10 bayan samun cancantar su na kwararru. (1)

An san magani na iyali a matsayin babban ƙwarewa a Hong Kong. Masana a fannin kiwon lafiya na iyali sun gudanar da akalla shekaru shida na horo mai inganci, kuma sun sami cancantar karatun digiri na kasa da kasa da kuma Fellowship na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong Kong kamar yadda takwarorinsu a fannin magani na asibiti ko wasu fannoni na kiwon lafiya.

 Ci gaba da ilimin likita 

 Masana 
Ana buƙatar likitan da aka yi rajista wanda yake so a haɗa sunansa a cikin Registry na Kwararru na Majalisar Likita ta Hong Kong don biyan bukatun ci gaba da ilimin likita (CME) kamar yadda Dokar Rijistar Likita ta tsara (Cap 161).

 kiyayewa, haɓaka ko haɓaka ilimi, ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar da suka dace da aikin ƙwararru waɗanda zasu iya canzawa cikin shekaru;
 inganta aikin kwararru don ba da damar isar da kulawa mai inganci da ingantaccen aiki ga marasa lafiya, da kuma jama'ar da kwararru ke aiki, da;
 tabbatar da cewa kwararru za su kasance masu ƙwarewa a duk lokacin da suke aiki.

Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hong Kong tana buƙatar kowane ƙwararre don samun mafi ƙarancin buƙatun CME na maki 90 a cikin sake zagayowar shekaru 3. Wani batu daidai yake da sa'a 1 na shiga cikin ayyukan CME. Don karfafa abubuwa masu ilmantarwa masu aiki da daidaitaccen haɗin ayyuka daban-daban, Kwalejin ta iyakance maki na CME (watau maki da aka samu ta hanyar halartar laccoci ko tattaunawa) zuwa maki 75 a kowane sake zagayowar. Kowace kwalejin Kwalejin na iya ba da shawarar ƙarin buƙatu.

 Wadanda ba kwararru ba 
Majalisar Likitoci ta Hong Kong ta kuma aiwatar da shirin CME don likitocin da ba sa shan CME ga kwararru. Shigar da shirin ne na son rai. Manufar shirin ita ce ta karfafa likitoci masu aiki don ci gaba da kasancewa a kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu a aikin likita don kula da matsayi mai girma.

Likitoci masu aiki waɗanda suka tara mafi ƙarancin ƙididdigar da ake buƙata a kowace shekara, watau ƙididdigari 30, za a ba su takardar shaidar don tabbatar da cewa sun sami matakin gamsarwa na aikin CME a wani lokaci. Ana iya nuna irin wannan takardar shaidar a cikin ofishin likita. Bugu da kari, wadanda likitocin da suka tara mafi ƙarancin ƙididdigar da ake buƙata a lokacin sake zagayowar shekaru uku, watau ƙididdigat 90, za a ba su damar amfani da taken "CME da aka tabbatar" a kan katunan ziyara.

 Magungunan shiga digiri 
Makarantu biyu na kiwon lafiya a Hong Kong ba sa ba da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen kuma masu karatun digiri dole ne su shiga wannan shirin kamar waɗanda suka kammala karatun sakandare. Duk da haka, masu karatun digiri suna ƙaruwa a cikin makarantun likitanci na gida, yanzu sun kai kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan ɗalibai. Koyaya, ana iya ba da izinin ɗaliban shiga digiri don shiga shekara ta biyu ta makarantar likita bisa ga manyan abubuwan da suka gabata.

 Tsarin aiki a cikin Hukumar Asibiti 
MatsayiHA Babban Matsayi na BiyaCikin gida16Mazaunin30-44BMasanin MazauninMataimakin Mai ba da shawara45-49Mai ba da shawara50-53A
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba