Shirin Rashin amincewa

The Aversion Project wani shiri ne na azabtar da likita a Afirka ta Kudu wanda Aubrey Levin ya jagoranta  a lokacin wariyar launin fata . Aikin ya gano sojoji masu luwaɗi da masu shiga tsakani wadanda suka yi amfani da kwayoyi a cikin Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu (SADF). An tilasta wa wadanda abin ya shafa su miƙa wuya ga "warkar" luwadi  saboda SADF ta ɗauki luwadi a matsayin mai tayar da kayar baya, kuma waɗanda suka kasance masu luwadi suna fuskantar hukunci.  A cikin 1995, Kungiyar Likitocin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da gafara ga jama'a saboda laifuffukan da suka gabata.

 Tarihi 
A karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata, an yi wata manufa biyu kan luwadi a cikin sojojin Afirka ta Kudu. An hana mambobi na dindindin na sojoji yin luwadi, yayin da aka ba su izinin shiga aikin soja. Jami'ai sun yi imanin cewa, hana luwadi gaba daya daga sojoji zai bai wa wani takamaiman rukuni na mutane - matasa, fararen fata na Afirka ta Kudu - hanya mai dacewa ta kauce wa yin aikin soja.Amma, tare da yarda da luwadi da madigo ya zo tilas 'therapy,' kamar tilasta shock therapy, castration, da sauran nau'o'in 'therapy', waɗanda aka ce suna keta haƙƙin ɗan adam sosai..

Tsakanin shekara ta 1971 zuwa shekara ta 1989, an gabatar da wadanda abin ya shafa ga maganin sinadarai da maganin rashin jin daɗin lantarki don warkar da su daga luwadi. Wannan yanayin ya sami goyon baya daga likitocin kwakwalwa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa masu luwadi ba su da hankali, da'awar da aka bayyana a cikin littafin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders na Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Amirka. Wadanda aka yi amfani da su tare da wannan 'rashin lafiya na hankali' an bi da su daban da sauran mambobin soja. Ba a ba su matsayi na shugabancin soja ba, kuma ba a ba su bayanai masu mahimmanci ba.Belkin, Aaron; Canaday, Margot (2010). "Assessing the Integration of Gays and Lesbians into the South African National Defence Force". Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. 38 (2): 1–21. doi:10.5787/38-2-87.

A lokacin maganin firgici, an ɗaure magungunan lantarki a hannun sama tare da wayoyi, sannan suna gudana ta hanyar ƙira da aka daidaita daga 1 zuwa 10, suna canza halin yanzu. An nuna wa sojoji masu luwadi hotuna masu baƙar fata da fari na mutumin tsirara kuma an ƙarfafa su su yi mafarki, a wannan lokacin mutumin da ke kula zai ba da mamaki idan sojoji sun nuna wani nau'i na amsawar jima'i. An kara ƙarfin lantarki a duk lokacin da ake kula da shi idan sojoji suka ci gaba da nuna martani na jima'i. Za a nuna wa mai haƙuri hoto mai launi na mace, wanda ya kamata ya motsa tashin hankali. Koyaya, sau da yawa, wannan ya gaza.

A sakamakon wadannan gazawar, akwai kuma shaidar cewa Hanyoyin sake daidaita jima'i sun faru a kan mutanen da ba su iya 'warkarwa' ba. Belkin, Aaron; Canaday, Margot (2010). "Assessing the Integration of Gays and Lesbians into the South African National Defence Force". Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. 38 (2): 1–21. doi:10.5787/38-2-87. Saboda rashin shaidar kimiyya don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan hanyoyin suna da ikon canza jima'i, sun fara raguwa a cikin mitar a cikin shekarun 1970s, lokacin da magani ga sojoji masu luwadi ba su da goyon baya daga fagen lafiyar hankali.  Sakamakon haka, an cire ma'anar masu luwadi a matsayin marasa lafiya na hankali daga littafin jagora na American Psychiatric Association a 1973, kuma an bar maganin a baya.Kaplan, Robert (2004). "Treatment of Homosexuality During Apartheid". British Medical Journal. 329 (7480): 1415–1416. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1415. JSTOR 25469630. PMC 535952. PMID 15604160.

 Shirin Bincike na Rashin Jinƙai 
An kafa aikin Bincike na Aversion ne ta ƙungiyar masu bincike da masu fafutuka waɗanda suka taru don samun ƙarin bayani game da yadda ake bi da ma'aikatan soja masu luwadi a zamanin wariyar launin fata. Wannan aikin bincike ne wanda ya dogara da hanyar inganci, yana ci gaba da bincika dalilin da ya sa aka dauki luwadi a matsayin hali mai ban mamaki a wannan lokacin. An yi hira da mutanen da ke da luwadi wadanda aka yi wa maganin juyawa, tare da iyalansu da abokai, don samun zurfi, abubuwan da suka faru na farko na wadanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye. 

Kafin aikin, kwamitin bincike ya amince da masu bincike. Kwamitin bincike, duk da haka, ya yi jayayya da amfani da kalmar 'cin zarafi' a matsayin hanyar bayyana abin da ya faru da ma'aikatan soja masu luwadi. Kwamitin bincike ya yi imanin cewa la'akari da juyowa 'magani' don cin zarafi kawai zaton ne wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba.

Saboda haka, kalmar 'amfani', lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin aikin bincike, dole ne a goyi bayan ta da shaidar gaskiya. Bugu da ƙari, kwamitin ka'idojin bincike bai yarda da yadda masu bincike suka tsara ayyukan masu ilimin halayyar dan adam da ke fara wannan maganin juyawa a matsayin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam ba. Wannan ya haifar da damuwa game da aikin bincike, kamar yadda kwamitin a bayyane yake ba ya son wannan ya zama bincike game da ayyukan jami'an kiwon lafiya da ke cikin soja. Bugu da ƙari, kwamitin ya yi tambaya game da hanyoyin samfurori na masu bincike. Saboda masu bincike za su karɓi masu sa kai, kwamitin ya gano cewa hanyar samfurin da aka yi amfani da ita ba za ta wakilci kwarewar gaba ɗaya ba.De Gruchy J, Jeanelle; Lewin, Simon (2001). "Ethics that Exclude: The Role of Ethics Committees in Lesbian and Gay Health Research in South Africa". American Journal of Public Health. 91 (6): 865–868. doi:10.2105/ajph.91.6.865. PMC 1446457. PMID 11392923.

 Manazarta