Amfanin muhalli

Kayayyakin mahalli yawanci kayayyaki ne nada ba na kasuwa ba, gami da tsaftataccen iska, ruwa mai tsafta, shimfidan wuri, ababen more rayuwa koren sufuri (hanyoyin ƙafa, titin keke, kore, da sauransu), wuraren shakatawa na jama'a, wuraren shakatawa na birane, koguna, duwatsu, dazuzzuka, da rairayin bakin teku.  Kayayyakin muhalli wani yanki ne na kayan jama'a.  Damuwa game da kayan muhalli sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin da amfani da tsarin muhalli ke da shi ga tattalin arziki, jin daɗin ɗan adam da sauran nau'ikan, da muhalli.https://www.dw.com/ha/muhalli/t-19136073  Ba dole ba ne masu amfani su biya farashi na gaba da abubuwan waje kamar gurɓataccen yanayi wanda zai iya lalata kayan muhalli har abada, wasu ƙalubale ne na kare kayan muhalli.

 Daraja 
An yi ƙoƙari da yawa don sanya darajar tattalin arziki a kan kayan muhalli, amma babu wata yarjejeniya da ta wanzu game da hanyar kimantawa. Kalubale a hanyar samun waɗannan dabi'un tattalin arziki sun haɗa da Matsalar mai hawa kyauta, matsaloli wajen ba da mallaka, da rashin rarraba kayan muhalli.

 Hanyoyi 
Bayar da shirye-shiryen biyan kayan muhalli hanya ce daya da masana tattalin arziki ke amfani da ita don kokarin tantance darajar su. An yi amfani da ƙananan kasuwanni masu ƙira  tare da hanyoyin kimantawa na ƙididdiga don tantance ƙimar dangi na kayan tattalin arziki, da kuma ƙoƙari na ba su ƙimar dala. Sauran binciken  suna sukar waɗannan hanyoyin don tsammanin ƙoƙarin tunani mara yiwuwa daga bangaren batutuwan da aka nemi su ba da dabi'u, da kuma gabatar da tasirin tsari da son zuciya da ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyin batutuwan game da darajar dala.

 Matakan ci gaban tattalin arziki 
Sauran matakai na ci gaban tattalin arziki, gami da Genuine Progress Indicator, Gross National Happiness, da Gross National Well-being factor rayuwa muhalli lafiya,  muhalli vitality,  da kuma tasirin albarkatun da kuma lalacewar muhalli na dogon lokaci  a cikin samfuran su. Wadannan ma'auni suna da niyyar rarraba ba kawai dabi'un tattalin arziki da kudi na kayan muhalli da ayyuka ba, har ma da tasirin su akan jin daɗi da tunanin mutum a cikin al'umma.

 Ma'anar kasuwanci 
A a cikin takardun kasuwanci da Amurka ta fitar, "kyakkyawan muhalli" da farko tana nufin kayayyaki ne da ake amfani da su don kiyaye muhalli, kamar fasahohin makamashi da ake sabunta su da kuma tsarin sarrafa gurbatar yanayi.  A cikin 2015, Amurka ta fitar da dala biliyan 238 na kayayyakin muhalli, yayin da ciniki tsakanin kasashe a duniya na kayayyakin muhalli ya kai kusan dala tiriliyan 1.  Amurka da Kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya (WTO) da nufin rage haraji kan kayayyakin muhalli da fatan kara samun damar da Amurka ke da ita wajen samun ci gaba mai dorewa.

 Yarjejeniyar Kayayyakin Muhalli 
Tun daga shekara ta 2015, wakilai daga mambobi 18 na WTO,  gami da Tarayyar Turai da kasashe membobinta, suna tattaunawa kan Yarjejeniyar Kayayyakin Muhalli da fatan rage haraji a kan kayayyakin muhalli da yawa. Ostiraliya ta jagoranci tattaunawar.

Tattaunawar ta yi niyyar kara canja wurin fasahar da ta fi tsabta ga muhalli kuma ta fi tsada, gami da fasahar da ke cikin yankin kula da gurɓataccen iska, maganin sharar gida, makamashi mai sabuntawa, da saka idanu kan muhalli, da ingancin makamashi. WTO na fatan samar da kayayyakin muhalli masu inganci a farashi mai rahusa da kuma taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa don hanzarta tsarin samun fasahar tsabta. Yarjejeniyar za ta kuma yi niyyar rage farashin kare muhalli, da kuma samar da ayyukan "kore" ga mutane a duniya. 

Tattaunawar ta rushe a cikin 2016,  kodayake Gwamnatin Australiya ta lura cewa "yan majalisa masu sha'awar suna ci gaba da bincika batutuwa da la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka don komawa ga tattaunawar". 


 Shirye-shiryen shimfidar wuri
 Yanayi na halitta
 Kayan muhalli da ayyuka
 Babban birnin halitta
 Halitta
 Kayayyakin jama'a
 Gine-gine mai ɗorewa
 Shirye-shiryen gari