Yanayin yanayi na Spain

Yanayin Spain ya bambanta sosai kuma ya bambanta sosai a cikin yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar.  A gaskiya ma, a wasu lokuta ana kwatanta Spain a matsayin ƙasa mafi bambancin yanayi a Turai] kuma tana da yanayin Köppen 13 daban-daban. .

Yanayi huɗu mafi rinjaye a cikin ƙasar sun haɗa da: Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum (Csa), yanayin zafi na lokacin bazara na Bahar Maliya (Csb), yanayin tsaka-tsaki (BSk) da Yanayin teku (Cfb). 

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara  ƙasa ya bambanta daga ƙasa da  ° C (36.5 ° F) a arewacin Pyrenees, kusa da iyakar da Faransa, zuwa fiye da  ° C (68 ° F). a kananan yankuna na bakin tekun Bahar Rum a lardunan Almeria, Granada da Malaga, sun kai  ° C (69.1 ° F) a Rincón de la Victoria. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga fiye da 2,200 millimeters (87 in) a arewa maso yammacin Galicia da Pyrenees kusa da San Sebastian zuwa ƙasa da 156 millimeters (6.1 in) a kudu maso gabashin Spain a Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park . 

Tsibirin Canary, matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya bambanta daga ƙasa da  ° C (50 ° F)  mafi girman yankin Santa Cruz na Tenerife zuwa sama da  ° C (70.7 ° F) akan ƙananan yankuna na Santa Cruz de tenerife, yayin da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara- shekara-sheko ya kasance daga sama da millimeters 1,000 (39 in) a kan mafi girman tsawo na La Palma zuwa ƙasa da millimetres (3.9 in) cikin sassa na Lanzarote da Fuerteventura.

Spain, kamar sauran ƙasashe na Bahar Rum, tana da rauni ga canjin yanayi, tare da haɗarin haɗarin zafi da yanayin bushe.

 Yankunan 
Za'a iya rarrabe manyan yankuna huɗu na yanayi, bisa ga rarraba yanayin yanayi na Köppen-Geiger na ƙasar da yanayin orographic:  

 Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum (Csa) wanda kuma ke da busasshiyar zafi / zafi da sanyi zuwa sanyi da sanyi. Dangane da Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen, wannan yanayi ya fi rinjaye a Yankin Iberian, musamman iri-iri tare da fari na rani, yana rufe duk sai dai arewacin arewacin ƙasar inda yanayin Oceanic ya fi yawa. Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum ya rufe yankunan bakin teku (ban da arewacin Atlantic da kudu maso gabashin Bahar Rum), kogin Guadalquivir da ƙananan kogin Tagus da Guadiana zuwa yammacin ƙasar. Har ila yau, ya kai ga wasu sassan cikin yankin Valencian, Castilla-La-Mancha da Catalonia.
 Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum (Csb) wanda ya fi yawa a wasu sassan arewa maso yammacin Spain kuma galibi a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar arewacin Spain a tsawo sama da 900-1000 masl.
 Yanayin tsaka-tsaki (BSh da BSk) ya fi yawa a yankin kudu maso gabashin ƙasar (lardin Almeria a Gabashin Andalusia, yankin Murcia da lardin Alicante a Kudancin Valencia) kuma a tsakiyar tsakiyar kwarin Ebro zuwa arewa maso gabas (lardin Zaragoza), ya kai har zuwa yammacin Navarre. Har ila yau, yana cikin manyan yankuna na tsakiya na tebur (da farko a Madrid da yankin La Mancha wanda ya haɗa da sassan lardunan Cuenca, Guadalajara, da Toledo) da wasu yankuna mafi bushewa na Extremadura. Ya bambanta da yanayin Bahar Rum, lokacin rana yana ci gaba bayan ƙarshen rani kuma ciyayi ba su da yawa.
 Yanayin teku (Cfb) yana cikin arewacin ƙasar, musamman a yankunan Galicia, Basque Country, Asturias, Cantabria, da Navarre. Wannan yankin yana da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin watanni na hunturu.

Baya ga manyan yankuna huɗu na yanayi, ana iya samun wasu yankuna masu mahimmanci, kamar Yanayin zafi a manyan yankuna a arewacin rabin Catalonia da ke sauka zuwa Barcelona, lardin Huesca da arewacin Navarre. Yanayin zafi na rani (Dfb) wanda za'a iya samunsa a wurare da yawa a arewa maso gabashin Spain, a yankunan da suka fara da tsawo sama da 1000-1100 masl. Hakanan ana iya samun sa a wasu yankuna a cikin Dutsen Cantabrian da kuma mafi girman yankuna na Sistema Ibérico a tsakiyar gabashin Spain. Yanayin zafi mai bushewa a duk faɗin Spain a cikin mafi girman yankuna (musamman a cikin Sierra Nevada da mafi girman yankunan a tsakiyar arewacin Spain), Yanayin Alpine da Yanayin Subarctic a cikin manyan yankuna na tsaunuka daban-daban na arewacin Spain (musamman Dutsen Cantabrian da Pyrenees) da kuma Yanayin hamada mai zafi a kudu maso gabashin gabar teku, a lardunan Almeria da Murcia. Za'a iya samun yanayin hamada mai zafi da yanayin hamada a cikin tsibirin Canary, musamman a tsibirin Lanzarote da Fuerteventura, amma kuma a yankunan bakin teku na Gran Canaria da kudancin Santa Cruz de Tenerife. A kan sauran tsibirai, wannan yanayin ma yana nan, amma a cikin karamin yanki. A yankunan bakin teku na Tsibirin Canary, akwai wasu yankuna waɗanda yanayin zafi ke rinjayar su, kamar yadda matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin watan sanyi ya fi sama da  ° C (64 ° F). 

 Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum 
Ana samun yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum (Csa) a sassa da yawa na bakin tekun Bahar Rum na Spain, daga iyaka da Portugal zuwa tsakiyar lardin Granada. Sa'an nan kuma ya fara a Calpe, kuma ya tafi kan iyaka da Faransa (tare da wasu banbanci kamar birnin Valencia). Har ila yau, ya kai cikin ƙasa a Andalusia da Extremadura . Ana nuna shi da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushe da kuma hunturu mai sauƙi tare da sanyi mai yawa. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi, hunturu yana da sauƙi kuma mafi yawan ruwan sama yana faɗuwa a cikin kaka. Misalan biranen da ke da yanayin Csa sune Málaga, Barcelona, Palma ko Seville. 

 Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum 
The Csb warm-summer Mediterranean climate is found in parts of Galicia and the western areas of Castilla y Leon. Coastal Mediterranean region is marked by Leveche winds: hot, dry, easterly or southeasterly air currents that originate over North Africa. Periods of these winds, which sometimes carry fine Saharan dust, are more common in spring and are associated with a sudden, usually short-lived, increase in temperature. A cooler easterly wind, the Levante, funnels between the Sistema Penibético and the Atlas Mountains of North Africa. These easterly winds are the ones which most influence the Mediterranean climate.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span>] The most populous city with Csb climate in Spain is Vigo. Other cities with this climate are Ávila, León and Salamanca.

Ana nuna shi ta hanyar Yankin zafi na shekara-shekara tare da watanni masu bushewa, sau da yawa yana haifar da yanayin fari mai matsakaici tare da akalla wata ɗaya a kowace shekara yawanci yin rikodin ƙasa da   in). Wannan halayyar ce da ke rarrabe Galicia daga yanayin Cfb na yau da kullun. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya fi na yankunan gabas da na kudu, yawanci daga 800 zuwa 2,000  in).  Ba duk Galicia ba ne ke da yanayin Csb, yawancin tsaunuka na arewa da na tsakiya suna da Cfb na teku. Wasu kwari a kudu an rarraba su a matsayin Hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa), kamar comarca na O Condado, birnin Ourense ko O Ribeiro . 

A Arewa maso Yammacin Castile, ana rarraba yanayin a matsayin Csb saboda yanayin zafi na lokacin rani ya fi sanyi saboda tsawo.

 Yanayin yanayi na teku 
Yanayin teku yana mamaye daga Pyrenees zuwa Galicia, yankin da wani lokaci ake kira "Green Spain", wanda ke da yanayin sanyi mai laushi da lokacin zafi.  Yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayin iskar Tekun Atlantika ne wanda tsaunin da ke kewaye da gabar Tekun Atlantika ya kama danshi.  Saboda tasirin Foehn, gangaren kudanci sun fada cikin yankin inuwar ruwan sama don haka Green Spain ta bambanta sosai da sauran Spain.  Ruwan sama gabaɗaya yana da yawa, yana wuce 1,000 mm (39.4 in) kuma yana bazuwa daidai gwargwado a cikin shekara, tare da mafi bushewar watan sama da 30 mm (1.2 in), wanda shine ƙaramin ma'auni na yanayin teku bisa ga Köppen.  Kodayake Köppen a hukumance ya iyakance yankin teku zuwa Asturias da yankin Basque Country, wasu mawallafa irin su Trewartha sun gwammace su tsawaita wannan yanki na yanayi zuwa yankin arewa-maso-yamma na gabar teku zuwa Galicia, saboda matsakaicin yanayin zafi.

Yanayin zafi ya bambanta kadan, duka a rana da kuma yanayi, kuma matsakaicin ya kasance daga  ° C (48.2 ° F) a watan Janairu zuwa  ° C (69.8 ° F) A watan Yuli. Sakamakon matsakaici na teku ba su da yawa a cikin ƙasa, inda yanayin zafi ya fi tsananin waɗanda ke bakin teku. Tsakanin Tekun Atlantika yana da tasiri a kan matakan hazo, don haka akwai karancin ruwan sama a gabas fiye da yamma. Lokacin kaka (Oktoba zuwa Disamba) shine lokacin da ya fi ruwan sama, yayin da Yuli shine watan da ya fi bushewa. Babban danshi da iskar da ke kan iyaka suna yin hazo da hazo a arewa maso yammacin gabar teku; wannan abin da ke faruwa ba ya faruwa akai-akai a cikin ƙasa saboda duwatsu suna samar da shingen ga danshi na teku.

 Yanayin zafi mai zafi 
Yanayin zafi mai zafi yana cikin manyan yankuna na arewa maso gabashin Spain, galibi a arewacin rabin Catalonia da lardin Huesca. Ana kuma samun wannan yanayin a arewacin Navarra da yankunan arewacin lardin Guadalajara. Yanayin sau da yawa yana faruwa a cikin yankin canji tsakanin yanayin teku da ke arewa da yanayin Bahar Rum da ke kudu. Birni mafi girma tare da wannan yanayi a Spain shine Girona . 

Wannan nau'in yanayi na yanayi mai zafi yana da kyau ga yanayin yanayi mai zafi na al'ada , tare da rashin kasancewar yanayin shigar dumi, iska mai laushi a lokacin rani yana haifar da tsawa mai raɗaɗi amma duk da haka Köppen an rarraba shi a matsayin danshi subtropical. 

 Yanayin yanayi mai tsaka-tsaki 
Yanayin hamada da Yanayin tsaunuka (BSh da BSk a cikin rarraba yanayin Köppen) sun fi yawa a kudu maso gabashin Spain (wanda ya rufe mafi yawan lardunan Alicante, Murcia da Almería), da kuma wasu sassan kwarin Ebro. Har ila yau, yana nan a wasu sassan cibiyar (Madrid, Toledo, Ciudad Real da lardunan Albacete), kudu da yammacin ƙasar wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin yanayin Bahar Rum da yanayin tsaka-tsaki. Yana da zafi sosai a lokacin rani (zafin jiki na iya wuce  ° C (104 ° F)) kuma fari yawanci yakan kai ga kaka. Ruwan sama a waɗannan yankuna yawanci yana tsakanin 200 mm da 500 mm.

 Yanayin hamada 
Yanayin hamada ya wanzu a wasu yankuna masu ruwan sama mai yawa na kudu maso gabashin Spain da kuma sassa da yawa na Tsibirin Canary.  ƙasar Spain, ya bayyana galibi a Almería, tare da birnin Almería da ke kan iyaka da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen: BWh) kamar yadda matsakaicin zafin jiki shine  ° C (66.4 ° F) kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama kusan 200mm ne. Wannan yanki ya kai ga kwarin kogin Andarax da Almanzora da kuma Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata-Níjar, wanda kuma aka sani da samun yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen: BWh), tare da adadin hazo na   in) a kowace shekara  wanda aka ruwaito shi ne wuri mafi bushe a Turai. A zahiri, lardunan Almeria, Murcia da Alicante sune kawai yankuna a Turai a cikin yankin yanayin hamada mai zafi. Yanayin hamada ya wanzu a wasu yankuna na kudu maso gabas, kamar Tabernas Desert . Har ila yau, ya wanzu a yankunan Murcia da takamaiman wurare a cikin lardin Alicante.

Baya ga manyan yankuna uku na yanayi da ke sama, akwai wasu nau'ikan yanayi guda huɗu a Spain:

 Yanayin tsaunuka yana nan a cikin Picos de Europa, Sistema Central, Sistema Ibérico, Pyrenees da Saliyo Nevada, waɗanda suka cancanta a matsayin yanayin tsaunuka, manyan tsaunukan Spain. Yankunan ƙanƙanta na tsibirin Canary suna da tasirin yanayi na wurare masu zafi dangane da yanayin zafi, wannan yana da sauƙi da kwanciyar hankali (18 zuwa 26 °C ko 64 zuwa 79 °F) a duk shekara.  Yawancin tsibiran suna da yanayin hamada mai zafi ko yanayin hamada mai zafi, kuma wuraren da ke ƙasa da ƙasa suna da yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, kamar garuruwan Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ko La Palma.  Dangane da hazo, tsibiran gabas suna da bushewa yayin da na yammacin duniya ke da ruwa mai tsafta kuma suna samun karin ruwan sama, tare da wasu wurare masu jika sosai a tsaunukan La Gomera, La Palma da Tenerife, gida ne ga dajin gajimare da aka fi sani da laurisilva.  Tsibiran gabas suna da busassun yanayi tare da yanayin Saharar da Tekun Atlantika ke daidaitawa

Yankin kudancin Spain (Málaga da Granada's coastal strip) suna da hunturu mafi zafi a duk faɗin Turai, tare da rana mai zafi sosai kuma mafi yawan kwanakin zafi tare da rashin sanyi na hunturu wanda ke ba da damar noman 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi kamar mango, papaya, cherimoya, Pitaya da carambola, da sauransu. Lokacin hunturu mai kyau, tare da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi na dare a cikin Janairu da ba ya faɗi ƙasa da 5 ° C (46 ° F) saboda yanayin microclimate da tsaunukan Sierra Nevada suka kirkira zuwa arewacin wannan bakin teku, yana hana iska mai sanyi daga isa yankin.  

 Kashi na yanayin yanayi da bambancin 
A cewar AEMET, yanayin a Spain ya bambanta sosai, saboda yanayin da ya bambanta sosai. Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan yanayi 13 na Köppen a Spain, tare da nau'in tundra na polar (ET) ya ƙare daga lokacin 1981-2010. Waɗannan su ne yanayin da ake samu a mafi yawan Spain:

Yanayin Rum (Cs): Ya mamaye ƙasar kuma ya mamaye kusan kashi 60.2% na ƙasar.  Yana da yanayin bushewa (dumi ko zafi) lokacin rani da sanyin sanyi, damina.  Lokacin zafi mai zafi (Csa) ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da zafi mai zafi (Csb).

Sauyin yanayi mai bushewa (Bs): Yana cikin wani muhimmin yanki, yana mamaye kusan kashi 21.3% na ƙasar.  Tana da rinjaye a kudu maso gabas, amma kuma a wani yanki mai mahimmanci na cikin kasar, kamar Meseta Central.  Ƙarƙashin sanyi (BSk) ya fi girma fiye da zafi mai zafi (BSh).  Duk da haka, zafi mai zafi har yanzu yana mamaye fiye da 1% na yankin, wanda yake da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da yanayin nahiyar da ke mamaye ƙaramin kashi.  Spain ce ke da mafi girman yankunan da ba shi da ciyayi a nahiyar Turai.

Yanayin yanayin zafi ba tare da lokacin rani ba (Cf): Yanayin teku (Cfb) da yanayin zafi mai zafi (Cfa) suma sun mamaye wani yanki mai mahimmanci, kodayake a cikin ƙaramin kaso.  Kusan 17.4% yana da yanayin Cf, tare da yanayin teku yana lissafin kusan 13% kuma yanayin yanayi mai sanyi yana lissafin kusan 4.4%.  Yana da rinjaye a arewacin Spain, tare da sanyi mai laushi da lokacin zafi (ko zafi a yanayin Cfa) kuma ana ruwan sama a duk shekara.

Baya ga waɗannan, Yanayin yanayi na nahiyar tare da bushewar rani Dsa, Dsb, Dsc kuma babu lokacin bushe Dfb da Dfc suma suna nan. Yanayin hamada mai zafi (BWh) da Yanayin hamada mai sanyi (BWk) sun mamaye kusan 0.3% na yankin kuma suna nan ne kawai a kudu maso gabashin kasar.

 Tsibirin Canary 
A cikin Tsibirin Canary, yanayin busasshiyar yanayi da tsaka-tsaki sun fi yawa, amma kuma akwai wani muhimmin bangare tare da yanayin Bahar Rum:

 Yanayin hamada (BW): Yana da kusan kashi 48.1% na yankin, tare da zafi mai zafi (BWh) yana da yawa fiye da sanyi mai sanyi (BWk).
 Yanayin tsaka-tsaki (Bs): Yana da kusan 21.4%, tare da zafi mai tsaka-tsakin (BSh) yana da yawa fiye da sanyi mai tsaka-taki (BSk).
 Yanayin Bahar Rum (Cs): Yana da kusan 30.5%, tare da zafi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum ya fi girma fiye da zafi na Bahar Ruwa (Csa).

Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan yankuna waɗanda ke da yanayin busassun lokacin rani (Ds). 

Wani yanki mai iyaka, wanda yake daidai a gabashin gabar tekun La Palma ana iya kwatanta shi da kusancin kan iyaka da yanayin yanayi mai bushe da bushewa tare da lokacin rani da aka samu a lokacin manyan watannin rana (As), idan aka ba da ma'aunin zafin jiki na watan mafi sanyi na shekara gabaɗaya a ko dan kadan sama da 18 ° C a matakin teku, da matsakaicin adadin yawan hazo na shekara a cikin yanayin yanayi mara bushewa ta ma'anar Köp.

 Canjin yanayi 

 Matsakaicin zafin jiki ga biranen da ba na Mutanen Espanya ba 

 Atlantic (Arewa) Spain 
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun don biranen da aka zaɓa a cikin Atlantic Spain Wurin da yakeLokacin sanyiAfriluWatan da ya fi zafiOktobaA CoruñaBilbaoGijónOviedoSantanderVigoVitoria

 Yankin Spain 
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ga biranen da aka zaɓa a cikin Continental Spain Wurin da yakeLokacin sanyiAfriluWatan da ya fi zafiOktobaAlbaceteCórdobaMadridMurciaSevilleValladolidZaragoza

 Bahar Rum Spain 
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ga biranen da aka zaɓa a cikin Bahar Rum Spain Wurin da yakeLokacin sanyiAfriluWatan da ya fi zafiOktobaAlicanteAlmeríaBarcelonaCastellónMálagaValencia

 Matsakaicin zafin jiki ga biranen da ba na Mutanen Espanya ba 
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ga biranen da aka zaɓa a cikin Canaries Wurin da yakeLokacin sanyiAfriluWatan da ya fi zafiOktobaFilin jirgin saman El HierroBabban CanariaLagunaCancajosSanta Cruz
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ga biranen da aka zaɓa a cikin Tsibirin Balearic Wurin da yakeLokacin sanyiAfriluWatan da ya fi zafiOktobaIbizaPalmaFilin jirgin saman Menorca

 Rubuce-rubucen zafin jiki mai tsanani a cikin biranen da aka zaɓa 
A duk faɗin ƙasar, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka taɓa bayar da rahoton a Spain shine -32.0 ° C (-25.6 ° F) a Estany Gento, Lardin Lleida a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1956;  kodayake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an rubuta ƙananan zafin jiki ta tashoshin da ba na AEMET ba, mafi ƙasƙanci shine -35.8 ° C (-32.4 ° F) A Vega de Liordes, a cikin Picos de Europa.  Sabanin haka, mafi girma, a hukumance, shine  ° C (117.7 ° F) a La Rambla, Cordoba a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta 2021.
Wurin da yakeRubuce-rubuce masu yawaRubuce-rubuceBahar RumLa Rambla, lardin Cordoba  -Montoro, Córdoba Cordoba Seville Granada Málaga Yankin nahiyarZaragoza Albacete Teruel Valladolid Arewacin AtlanticOurense Bilbao A Coruña Oviedo Vigo 

 Yanayin zafi na teku 
+BarcelonaJanFabrairuTekunAfriluMayuYuniYuliAugSatumbaOktobaNuwambaDisambaShekara
+ValenciaJanFabrairuTekunAfriluMayuYuniYuliAugSatumbaOktobaNuwambaDisambaShekara
+AlicanteJanFabrairuTekunAfriluMayuYuniYuliAugSatumbaOktobaNuwambaDisambaShekara
+Yankin Gibraltar / Algeciras JanFabrairuTekunAfriluMayuYuniYuliAugSatumbaOktobaNuwambaDisambaShekara
+Las PalmasJanFabrairuTekunAfriluMayuYuniYuliAugSatumbaOktobaNuwambaDisambaShekara
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba