Babban Ambaliyar 1993

Babban Ruwan ruwa na 1993 (ko Babban Ruwan Mississippi da Missouri na 1993) ambaliyar ruwa ce da ta faru a Midwestern Amurka, tare da kogin Mississippi da Missouri da kuma yankunansu, daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba 1993.

Ambaliyar tana daga cikin mafi tsada da lalacewa da ta taɓa faruwa a Amurka, tare da mutuwar 50 da dala biliyan 1-16 a cikin lalacewa (daidai da dala biliyar -30 a cikin 2023). Rashin ruwa ya shafi yanki kusan 320,000 murabba'in mil (830,000 ), na kimanin 745 mil (1,199  a tsawon kuma kimanin 435 mil (700  a faɗin. A cikin wannan yanki, yankin da ambaliyar ta mamaye kusan murabba'in kilomita 30,000 (78,000 km2)  kuma shine mafi munin irin wannan bala'in Amurka tun lokacin Babban Ambaliyar Mississippi ta 1927, kamar yadda aka auna ta tsawon lokaci, yankin da ya cika, mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, amfanin gona da lalacewar dukiya, da kuma yawan matakan kogi. A wasu rukunoni, ambaliyar 1993 har ma ta wuce ambaliyar 1927, a lokacin ambaliyar da ta fi girma da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Kogin Mississippi.

 Dalilai da ci gaba 
An yi tunanin cewa hunturu na dutsen wuta ya fara ne da fashewar Dutsen Pinatubo a shekarar 1991. An ba da shawarar cewa ƙwayoyin girgije masu yawa daga fashewar sune ke da alhakin Babban Ambaliyar 1993 a Tsakiyar Yammacin Amurka.
Ruwan sama da na al'ada da yanayin zafi na ƙasa da na al-ada wanda ya fara a lokacin rani na 1992 ya haifar da danshi na ƙasa da matakan tafki a cikin kogin Missouri da Upper Mississippi. Wannan yanayin yanayi ya ci gaba a duk lokacin kaka mai zuwa. A lokacin hunturu na 1992-93, yankin ya sami dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa. Wadannan yanayi sun biyo bayan yanayin yanayi na bazara wanda ya haifar da hadari a wurare iri ɗaya. Ƙasa a duk faɗin yankin da abin ya shafa ya cika da Yuni 1, tare da ƙarin ruwan sama duk suna gudana cikin rafi da koguna, maimakon tsomawa cikin ƙasa. Wadannan yanayin zafi sun bambanta sosai da fari da raƙuman zafi da aka samu a kudu maso gabashin Amurka.

Guguwa, mai ɗorewa da maimaitawa a cikin yanayi a ƙarshen bazara da rani, ya cika Upper Midwest da ruwan sama mai yawa. Sassan gabashin tsakiyar Iowa sun sami kusan inci 48 (120 na ruwan sama tsakanin Afrilu 1 da Agusta 31, 1993, kuma yankuna da yawa a fadin filayen tsakiya-arewa suna da hazo 400-7502% sama da yadda aka saba. A cikin St. Louis National Weather Service (NWS) yankin hasashen da ya kunshi gabashin Missouri da kudu maso yammacin Illinois, wuraren hasashen 36 sun tashi sama da matakin ambaliyar ruwa, kuma an karya rikodin kogin 20. Ambaliyar 1993 ta karya rikodin kogin da aka kafa a lokacin ambaliyar Mississippi ta 1973 da kuma ambaliyar Missouri ta 1951.

Ma'aikatan sintiri na farar hula daga jihohi 21 sun ba da abinci sama da 5,000 ga wadanda ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa da masu sa kai, kuma matukan jirgi sun shiga sama da sa'o'i 1,500 a cikin iska don binciken layin amfani da bututun mai.

 Mayu 
Kogin Redwood a Minnesota ya fara fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a watan Mayu. A ranar 22 ga watan Mayu, Sioux Falls, Dakota ta Kudu, ta sami inci 7.5 (190  na ruwan sama a cikin sa'o'i uku. Daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, Sioux Falls, Dakota ta Kudu ta sami inci 22.55 (573  na ruwan sama, mafi yawan watanni uku a tarihinta.

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