Guguwar Idai

Guguwar Tropical Cyclone Idai (/ɪˈdaɪ, ˈiːdaɪ/) tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin guguwar wurare masu zafi da aka rubuta don shafar Afirka da Kudancin Hemisphere .  Guguwar da ta daɗe ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa, da kuma Rikicin jin kai a Mozambique, Zimbabwe, da Malawi, inda ta bar mutane sama da 1,500 da suka mutu kuma wasu da yawa sun ɓace. Idai ita ce guguwa mafi muni da aka rubuta a cikin Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya. A cikin Kudancin Kudancin, wanda ya haɗa da Australiya, Kudancin Pacific, da Kudancin Atlantic, Idai ya kasance na biyu mafi muni a cikin guguwa mai zafi a rubuce. Tsarin da ke da yawan mutuwar mutane shine guguwar Flores ta 1973 wacce ta kashe 1,650 daga bakin tekun Indonesia. Idai kuma ita ce guguwa ta biyu mafi tsada a cikin Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya, bayan Cyclone Chido na 2024. 

Guguwa ta goma mai suna, guguwa ta bakwai ta wurare masu zafi, da guguwa mai tsanani ta wurare masu wurare masu zafi na 2018-19 lokacin guguwar Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya, Idai ya samo asali ne daga mummunan yanayi wanda ya samo asali daga gabar gabashin Mozambique a ranar 4 ga Maris 2019. Guguwar, Tropical Depression 11, ta fadi a Mozambique daga baya a ranar kuma ta kasance mummunan yanayi ta hanyar tafiyar kwana biyar a kan ƙasa. A ranar 9 ga watan Maris, matsalar ta sake fitowa cikin Tashar Mozambique kuma ta karfafa cikin Moderate Tropical Storm Idai washegari. Idai sa'an nan kuma ya fara saurin karuwa, ya kai matakin farko a matsayin guguwa mai karfi, tare da iskõki masu ƙarfi na  km / h (109  a ranar 11 ga Maris. Idai sa'an nan ya fara raunana, saboda ci gaba da canje-canje na tsarin a cikin ainihinsa, ya fadi zuwa tsananin guguwa na wurare masu zafi. Ƙarfin Idai ya kasance a tsaye na kusan rana ɗaya ko haka kafin ya fara sake karuwa. A ranar 14 ga watan Maris, Idai ta kai karfinta, tare da matsakaicin iska mai ɗorewa na  km / h (121  da mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba na 940 hPa (27.76 inHg). Idai sa'an nan ya fara raunana yayin da yake kusantar bakin tekun Mozambique, saboda yanayin da bai dace ba, ya raunana a ƙasa da yanayin guguwa mai zafi daga baya a wannan rana. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris, Idai ya fadi a kusa da Beira, Mozambique, daga baya ya raunana zuwa raguwa a ranar 16 ga watan Maris. Ragowar Idai a hankali ta ci gaba da shiga cikin ƙasa har kwana ɗaya, kafin ta juya hanya kuma ta juya zuwa gabas a ranar 17 ga Maris. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, ragowar Idai ta sake fitowa cikin tashar Mozambique kuma daga ƙarshe ta ɓace a ranar 21 ga watan Maris.  

Idai ta kawo iska mai karfi kuma ta haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi, da Zimbabwe, wanda ya kashe akalla mutane 1,593  - kuma ya shafi wasu sama da miliyan 3.  Lalacewar bala'i ta faru a ciki da kewayen Beira a tsakiyar Mozambique. Shugaban Mozambique ya bayyana cewa sama da mutane 1,000 na iya mutuwa a cikin guguwar. Babban rikicin jin kai ya faru ne bayan guguwar, tare da daruruwan dubban mutane da ke buƙatar taimako na gaggawa a duk faɗin Mozambique da Zimbabwe. A cikin tsohuwar al'umma, an tilasta masu ceto su bar wasu mutane su mutu don ceton wasu. Cutar kwalara ta biyo baya bayan guguwar, tare da fiye da mutane 4,000 da aka tabbatar da su da mutuwar mutane bakwai a ranar 10 ga Afrilu. Jimlar lalacewar daga Idai a fadin Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, da Malawi an kiyasta kusan dala biliyan 3.3 (USD 2019),   tare da dala biliyan 1 a cikin lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, yana mai da Idai guguwa ta biyu mafi tsada a cikin Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya.            

 Tarihin yanayi 

 Tasirin 
+Mutuwa da lalacewa ta ƙasa[nb 3]Al'ummaMatattuYa ɓaceRaunin da ya samuYa shafiLalacewar (2019 USD)  Madagascar120 Malawi603672"2019 CYCLONE IDAI APPEAL FINAL REPORT" (PDF).  Mozambique9052,0001,5941,900,000 $3 biliyanNhundu, Kenneth; Sibanda, Melusi; Chaminuka, Petronella. Zimbabwe634[3]257>232270,000 $274 miliyoyinCikakken:1,593>2,262>2,4503,044,000dala biliyan 3.3  
Idai ta haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a duk faɗin Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, da Zimbabwe wanda ya haifar da akalla mutuwar mutane 1,593. "2019 CYCLONE IDAI APPEAL FINAL REPORT" (PDF).   "UNICEF Zimbabwe Cyclone Idai Situation Report #4 (31 March - 7 April 2019)" (Report).  Fiye da mutane miliyan 3 sun fuskanci tasirin guguwar kai tsaye, tare da daruruwan dubban da ke buƙatar taimako. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa daga Idai a duk faɗin waɗannan ƙasashe sun kai aƙalla dala biliyan 1.   

 Farko na farko da ya fadi 
Ambaliyar ruwa daga matsalar da ta gabata ta fara ne a Mozambique a ranar 6 ga watan Maris, da farko ta shafi lardunan arewa maso tsakiya. An shafa lardunan Niassa, Tete da Zambezia, wanda ya fi fama da rauni. Ambaliyar ruwa daga mummunan yanayi ta kashe mutane 66 kuma ta jikkata wasu 111. An ruwaito cewa gidaje 5,756 sun lalace, yayin da wasu gidaje 15,467 suka shafi. Bugu da ƙari, asibitoci takwas da ɗakunan ajiya 938 sun lalace. Har ila yau, ambaliyar ta lalata kadada 168,000 (acre 420,000) na amfanin gona.     

Bayan zagaye na farko na ambaliyar ruwa a Mozambique, gwamnati ta nemi MT.1 biliyan (US $ 17.6 miliyan) don samar da taimako ga wadanda ambaliyar ta shafa. Girman rikicin jin kai ya mamaye masu ceto. A lokuta da yawa, dole ne a watsar da wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin mummunan yanayi don ceton wasu da ke cikin matsanancin bukata. Cibiyar Kula da Bala'o'i ta Kasa, wacce aka saba la'akari da ita don magance bala'o'in a Mozambique, ba za ta iya jimrewa da sikelin bala'in ba. Hukumar ta tura jiragen ruwa da jirage masu saukar ungulu don ceton mazauna. Rashin isasshen taimako ya bar dubban wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin bishiyoyi da rufin gidaje kwana biyar bayan guguwar ta buge. Beira ya kasance ba a iya isa ba har zuwa 20 ga Maris tare da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da ambaliyar ruwa har yanzu ba ta ragu ba. Ministan ƙasa da muhalli na Mozambique, Celso Correia, ya bayyana a ranar 21 ga watan Maris cewa kimanin mutane 15,000 har yanzu suna buƙatar ceto. Jimillar mutane 128,941 ne suka yi gudun hijira zuwa cibiyoyin kwashewa 143 a duk fadin kasar,  sau da yawa a cikin matsanancin yanayi.  Kashi uku cikin hudu na mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu suna zaune a Lardin Sofala inda guguwar ta sauka na biyu. An ruwaito a ranar 23 ga watan Maris cewa an ba da cibiyoyin gaggawa da yawa a Mozambique kwanan nan da abinci, kuma wasu yankuna sun kasance an yanke su.

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