Canjin yanayi a Sri Lanka

Sauyin yanayi lamari ne mai mahimmanci a Sri Lanka, kuma tasirinsa yana barazanar tasiri ga tsarin ɗan adam da na halitta. Kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na ’yan kasar miliyan 22 na rayuwa ne a yankunan bakin teku masu karamin karfi a yamma, kudu, da kudu maso yammacin tsibirin, kuma suna cikin hadarin hawan teku a nan gaba.Climate Risk Profile: Sri Lanka". Climatelinks. Retrieved 2020-11-30. Sauyin yanayi kuma yana yin barazana ga ɗimbin halittun tsibirin, gami da yanayin yanayin teku da muhallin murjani na bakin teku. Yunƙurin matakin teku saboda sauyin yanayi yana da yuwuwar yin tasiri ga yawancin nau'ikan halittu masu yaduwa. Yankunan bakin teku na Sri Lanka, irin su Lardin Arewa da Lardin Arewa ta Yamma, ana daukar su a matsayin manyan wurare masu zafi kuma suna da matukar hadari ga sauyin yanayi. Wadannan lardunan ruwa su ne mafi yawan jama’a.Building Sri Lanka's Resilience To Climate Change". World Bank. Retrieved 2020-11-26 Baya ga kasancewa barazana ga ɗimbin halittu na Sri Lanka, sauyin yanayi na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako a matakai daban-daban a irin waɗannan yankuna. Irin wadannan sakamakon sun hada da: Tasirin amfanin gona, haifar da bala'o'i kamar ambaliya da fari, da kara yaduwar cututtuka, da kuma kawo cikas ga rayuwa.

A halin yanzu da ke amfana daga ayyukan daidaitawa na gina haɓakawa, an gabatar da Sri Lanka tare da dabaru don taimakawa wajen rage tasirin sauyin yanayi a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi masu rauni. Misali, an ba da shawarar cewa, ya kamata kasar Sri Lanka ta kara yawan ayyukan da ba na noma ba da kashi 30 cikin 100, ta inganta fannin ilimi, da rage lokacin isa kasuwa. Ya kamata a aiwatar da waɗannan canje-canje tare."Building Sri Lanka's Resilience To Climate Change". World Bank. Retrieved 2020-11-26

An sanya shi a matsayin ƙasa ta 4 mafi fama da sauyin yanayi a cikin 2016, yawancin bala'o'i na Sri Lanka na faruwa ne sakamakon bambancin yanayi. Saboda haka, yana buƙatar yin shiri mai ƙarfi da bala'i da kuma matakan da suka dace don haɓaka juriya don mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi

 Tasiri kan yanayin yanayi 
Sri Lanka, tsibirin equatorial kasa mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 65,610 (25,330 sq mi) da kilomita 1,340 na gabar teku, wuri ne mai yawan rabe-raben halittu. Yana da nau'in tsuntsaye 480 (25 endemic) da nau'in amphibious 121 (88 endemic).

 Zazzabi da canjin yanayi 
An gano yawan haɓakar yanayin zafi na 0.16 C a cikin shekarun 1961-1990 tare da haɓaka mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a Nuwara Eliya da 2.0 C a kowace shekara. Ana samun babban bambanci a yanayin zafi yayin da yanayin dumamar yanayi na shekaru 100 daga 1896 zuwa 1996 shine 0.003 C kawai a kowace shekara, a halin yanzu yanayin zafi na shekara 10 daga 1987 zuwa 1996 ya riga ya kasance 0.025 C a kowace shekara. Wannan yana nuna cewa yanayin ɗumamar yana ƙaruwa. A cewar masana kimiyya hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar iskar gas (duniya) da kuma saurin karuwar birane da ke haifar da tasirin zafi (na gida). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a kasar ana sa ran zai karu nan gaba kadan (2030), kuma mai yiyuwa ne ya karu fiye da haka a cikin shekarun da ke kewaye da 2050.World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal". climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2020-12-01.

 Matsalolin yanayi 
Ƙasar tsibirin Sri Lanka tana da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin yanayi daban-daban a cikin yanayin yanayi. Yankin Arewa maso Yamma yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama a shekara wanda bai wuce mita 1 ba, yayin da tsaunukan Kudu maso Yamma na tsakiya sama da 5 m. Kuma saboda bambancin yanayi da yanayin yanayi, Sri Lanka ya kasu kashi 3: rigar, matsakaici, da bushe. Duk da cewa ruwan sama na taimakawa wajen tallafawa dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da suka kai kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na kasar, duk da haka, tsarin sare dazuzzuka a wuraren da aka damka yana taimakawa wajen zaizayar kasa da zabtarewar kasa. Halin da ake yi na ambaliya da fari na zagayawa yana sanya mutane cikin damuwa tare da sanya musu wahala wajen tinkarar rayuwarsu. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya a yankunan yammaci da kudanci, ya haifar da zabtarewar kasa wanda hakan ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane sama da 500 tare da shafar mutane miliyan 1.3 a shekarar 2016-2017. Cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da mummunar ambaliya kai tsaye, wanda zai iya sa ya fi wahala a kula da tsafta. Sama da mutane miliyan 6 ne fari ya shafa a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Abin ban mamaki, a Sri Lanka adadin kwanakin jika a jere yana raguwa yayin da adadin kwanakin bushewa a jere ya karu. Gundumomin da suka fi fama da fari sune: Moneragala, Nuwara Eliya, Anuradhapura da Polonnaruwa. Kusa da ƙididdiga masu zuwa na yanayin fari a Sri Lanka ba su da tabbas sosai (2030). Dangane da shekarun da ke kewaye da 2050 an kiyasta karuwar mitar da tsananin fari: don haka yana haifar da raguwar haɓakar amfanin gona wanda ya fusata ta hanyar haɓakar yanayin zafi da ƙazantawa.Climate Change Secretariat-Sri Lanka". www.climatechange.lk. Retrieved 2020-12-01

 Manazarta