Dokar Amincewa, 1891

The Age of Consent Act, 1891, wanda kuma aka sani da Dokar X na 1891, wata doka ce da aka kafa a Burtaniya ta Indiya a ranar 19 ga Maris 1891 wacce ta ɗaga shekarun izinin yin jima'i ga duk 'yan mata, masu aure ko waɗanda ba su yi aure ba, daga shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyu a duk hukunce-hukuncen shari'a, cin zarafi kan batun shari'a na Indiya.For the text of the amended section 375, see Agnew, William Fischer (1898). The Indian penal code: and other acts of the Governor-general relating to offences, with notes. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink, Co. p. 212. Code of Penal Code da Code of Criminal Code, Sashe na 375, 1882, ("Na Fyade"), kuma aka gabatar da shi a matsayin doka a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1891 ta Sir Andrew Scoble a Majalisar Dokoki ta Gwamna-Janar na Indiya a Calcutta. An yi muhawara a wannan rana kuma memba na majalisar Sir Romesh Chunder Mitter (daga Bengal) ya yi adawa da shi a kan dalilin cewa ya yi katsalandan ga tsarin Hindu na Orthodox, amma memba na majalisa Rao Bahadur Krishnaji Lakshman Nulkar (daga Bombay) da kuma shugaban majalisar, Gwamna-Janar da Mataimakin Lord Lansdowne.

Yayin da shari’ar 1887 a wata babbar kotun Bombay na wata amarya Rukhmabai ta sake sabunta tattaunawa game da irin wannan doka, mutuwar wata yarinya ‘yar Bengali ‘yar shekara goma, Phulmoni Dasi, saboda tilastawa da mijinta dan shekara 35 ya yi a 1889 wanda ya sa turawan Ingila shiga tsakani. An zartar da wannan doka a shekara ta 1891. Ta sami tallafi daga masu neman sauyi na Indiya irin su Behramji Malabari da kungiyoyin mata na zamantakewa. Ba a taɓa aiwatar da dokar da gaske ba kuma ana jayayya cewa ainihin tasirin dokar shine sake tabbatar da ikon sarautar Hindu kan lamuran cikin gida a matsayin dalilin kishin ƙasa.Van der Veer, Peter. Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain. Princeton, 2001. 96. (Google book search)

A cikin 1884, Rukhmabai, mace mai shekaru 20, mijinta Bhikaji ya kai wata babbar kotun Bombay bayan ta ki zama da shi. Da ta aure shi yana da shekara 11, ba ta taba daura auren ba, kuma ta yi rayuwa daban ta kusan shekaru 8, ta ki komawa tare da shi. Kotu ta umurce ta da ta zauna da mijinta ko kuma a daure ta wata shida. Ta ƙi yin biyayya kuma hauhawar farashin shari'ar ya tilastawa Bhikaji janye shari'ar a watan Yuli 1888 akan sasantawar rupees 2000. Wannan shari’a ta kasance daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa a kafa wannan doka.

A cikin 1889, mutuwar wata yarinya 'yar shekara 10 ta auri 'yar Hindu, Phulmoni Dasi, bayan da mijinta mai shekaru 35, Hari Mohan Maitee ya yi mata fyade, ta kasance mai yin tasiri ga dokokinta. An wanke Hari Mohan Maitee daga zargin fyade, amma an same shi da laifin yin kisa ba da gangan ba ta hanyar gaggawa da sakaci.

Wani kwamiti da ya kunshi manyan jahohin Burtaniya da Anglo-Indiya da aka kafa a Landan sun mika shawarwari ga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka da suka hada da canjin shekarun yarda. Gwamnatin Lord Lansdowne ta sanya hannu kan dokar a ranar 19 ga Maris 1891 ta hanyar haɓaka shekarun yarda don cikawa daga shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyu.Karkarjkia, Rustomji Pestonji. India: Forty Years of Progress and Reform, Being a Sketch of the Life and Times of Behramji M. Malabari. H. Frowde, 1896. 128. (Google book search)

 Taimako 
Behramji Malabari, mai kawo sauyi a Parsi kuma ɗan jarida daga Bombay ya ba da shawarar yin wannan doka. Ya buga sakwanninsa a cikin "Labarai akan auren jarirai da tilasta yin takaba" a shekara ta 1884. Ko da yake Parsi ne, ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana sukar al'adun Hindu da ayyukan gida kamar na Burtaniya.

Ko da yake ba a tuntubi mata ba don sanin illar auren yara, mata a fadar Bombay da suka hada da Rukhmabai da Pandita Ramabai sun gabatar da wata hujjar hana auren yara a cikin mujallunsu da kungiyoyin gyara zamantakewa. Anandi Gopal Joshi, wata mata 'yar Marathi wadda ita ma ta kasance mace ta farko a likita a Indiya ta ba da shawarar tsoma bakin gwamnatin Biritaniya wajen auren kananan yara.

 Adawa 
Shugabanin addinin Hindu da yawa sun yi adawa da kudirin dokar a matsayin tsoma baki a addinin Hindu. Bal Gangadhar Tilak ya yi adawa da kudirin yana mai cewa:

Ba za mu so gwamnati ta yi wani abin da ya shafi daidaita al’adunmu na zamantakewa ko rayuwarmu ba, ko da a ce aikin gwamnati zai zama ma’auni mai fa’ida da kuma dacewa.

Har ila yau, masu ra'ayin kishin kasa masu farfaɗowa sun yi adawa da dokar.Meera Kosambi (1991). "Girl-Brides and Socio-Legal Change: Age of Consent Bill (1891) Controversy". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (31/32): 1857–1868. JSTOR 41498538.

 Bayanan kula 
Don rubutun Dokar, duba: Cranenburgh, D. E. (1894). Ayyukan da ba a soke Gwamna-Janar a Majalisar, Juzu'i na III, Ya ƙunshi ayyuka daga 1883 zuwa 1893. Calcutta: Law Publishing Press. p. 864. 

Don rubutun sashe na 375 da aka gyara, duba Agnew, William Fischer (1898). The Indian penal code: da sauran ayyukan Gwamna-janar dangane da laifuka, tare da bayanin kula. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink, Co.p. 212. 

Don taƙaitaccen muhawara, duba: Imperial Legislative Council, India (1892). Abstract na abubuwan da Majalisar Gwamna-Janar ta Indiya ta taru don yin dokoki da ka'idoji. Calcutta: Ofishin Supt. na Govt. Print., India. shafi na 8-27.

 Manazarta