Kudin yanayi

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Kudin yanayi lokaci ne na laima don albarkatun kudi kamar rance, tallafi, ko rabon kasafin kuɗi na cikin gida don Rage canjin yanayi, daidaitawa ko juriya. Kudi na iya fitowa daga masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Masu shiga tsakani daban-daban kamar Bankunan ci gaba da yawa ko wasu hukumomin ci gaba na iya tura shi. Wadannan hukumomin suna da mahimmanci don canja wurin albarkatun jama'a daga kasashe masu tasowa zuwa kasashe masu ci gaba dangane da wajibai na Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kasashe masu bunkasa ke da su. : 7 

Akwai manyan rukuni guda biyu na kudaden yanayi bisa ga manufofi daban-daban. Rage kudade shine saka hannun jari wanda ke da niyyar rage hayakin carbon na duniya. Kudin Daidaitawa yana da niyyar amsawa ga sakamakon canjin yanayi.Kreibiehl, S., T. Yong Jung, S. Battiston, P. E. Carvajal, C. Clapp, D. Dasgupta, N. Dube, R. Jachnik, K. Morita, N. Samargandi, M. Williams, 2022: Investment and finance. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.  A duniya, akwai mafi girman mayar da hankali kan Ragewa, wanda ya kai sama da 90% na kashewa akan yanayi.New, M., D. Reckien, D. Viner, C. Adler, S.-M. Cheong, C. Conde, A. Constable, E. Coughlan de Perez, A. Lammel, R. Mechler, B. Orlove, and W. Solecki, 2022: Chapter 17: Decision-Making Options for Managing Risk. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2539–2654,  : Sabuntawable makamashi wani muhimmin yanki ne na ci gaba don rage saka hannun jari kuma yana da karuwar goyon bayan manufofi. : 5 

Kudi na iya fitowa daga masu zaman kansu da na jama'a, kuma wani lokacin biyun na iya haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar mafita ta kuɗi. An san ko'ina cewa kasafin kudin jama'a ba zai isa ba don biyan bukatun duka na kudaden yanayi, kuma kudaden masu zaman kansu za su kasance da mahimmanci don rufe gibin kudi. : 16 An yi amfani da samfuran kuɗi daban-daban ko kayan aiki don tallafawa ayyukan yanayi. Misali takardun kore, carbon offsetting, da biyan kuɗi don ayyukan yanayin halittu wasu hanyoyin ingantawa ne. Akwai babban sabon abu a wannan yanki. Canjin mafita waɗanda ba a haɓaka su musamman don kuɗin yanayi ba yana faruwa, kamar Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da haɗin kuɗi. 

Akwai kalubale da yawa tare da kudi na yanayi. Da farko, akwai matsaloli tare da auna da bin diddigin kwararar kudi. Abu na biyu, akwai tambayoyi game da tallafin kudi na daidaito ga kasashe masu tasowa don rage hayaki da daidaitawa da tasirin. Har ila yau, yana da wahala a samar da abubuwan da suka dace don saka hannun jari daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

 Ma'anar da mahallin 
Kudin yanayi shine "tallafin da ke da niyyar rage hayaki, da haɓaka sinks na iskar gas mai ɗorewa kuma yana da niyyar raguwa, da kiyayewa da haɓaka juriya na, tsarin ɗan adam da na muhalli ga tasirin canjin yanayi mara kyau", kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) ta bayyana Kwamitin Tsaro kan Kudi.

 Ayyukan UNFCCC 
 A karkashin Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kudaden yanayi suna nufin canja wurin kuɗin jama'a daga ƙasashe masu samun kudin shiga zuwa ƙasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaici. Wannan zai kasance a cikin hasken wajibai na samar da sabbin da ƙarin albarkatun kuɗi. Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015 ya gabatar da sabon zamani don kudi na yanayi, manufofi, da kasuwanni. Yarjejeniyar Paris, wacce aka karɓa a wannan taron, ta bayyana shirin aiki na duniya don sanya duniya a kan hanya don kauce wa canjin yanayi mai haɗari ta hanyar iyakance dumamar duniya zuwa ƙasa da 2 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu. Yarjejeniyar ta shafi rage sauyin yanayi, daidaitawa, da kudi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kudade sun haɗa da hanyoyin tallafin yanayi na musamman da taimakon kuɗi don ragewa da ayyukan daidaitawa. Manufofin waɗannan ayyukan sune don hanzarta sauye-sauyen makamashi zuwa ga tattalin arzikin carbon mai ƙarancin yanayi da ci gaban yanayi. 

A taron jam'iyyun na 16 a cikin 2010 (Cancun 2010) kasashe masu tasowa sun himmatu ga burin hada baki da dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara nan da shekarar 2020 don magance bukatun kasashe masu ci gaba. Shawarwarin da Taron 21 na Jam'iyyun suka yi  (Paris 2015) ya hada da sadaukar da kai don ci gaba da burinsu na tattara jama'a har zuwa 2025. A cikin 2025, ana sa ran za a karɓi sabon burin.

Koyaya, adadin kuɗin da aka bayar an kiyasta ya kasance ƙasa da abin da aka yi niyya. Dangane da ƙididdigar OECD, kudaden yanayi da aka bayar da kuma tattara sun kai dala biliyan 83.3 a cikin 2020 da dala biliyan 88.6 a cikin 2021. OECD (2023), Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2021: Aggregate Trends and Opportunities for Scaling Up Adaptation and Mobilised Private Finance, Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal, OECD Publishing, Paris, . Wannan yana nufin cewa an rasa dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara ta 2020. 

 Ƙididdigar duniya game da bukatun kuɗi 
An kiyasta cewa kudaden yanayi na duniya sun kai kusan dala tiriliyan 1.3 a kowace shekara a cikin 2021/2022. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin yawa don ci gaba da hauhawar zafin jiki a cikin 1.5 ° C kuma guje wa mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi. Wani rahoto na 2024 ya kiyasta cewa kudaden yanayi dole ne su karu da akalla sau shida a matakan 2021/2022, ya kai dala tiriliyan 8.5 a kowace shekara nan da shekara ta 2030.

Rage kudade shine saka hannun jari wanda ke da niyyar rage hayakin carbon na duniya. Kudin Daidaitawa yana da niyyar amsawa ga sakamakon canjin yanayi.Kreibiehl, S., T. Yong Jung, S. Battiston, P. E. Carvajal, C. Clapp, D. Dasgupta, N. Dube, R. Jachnik, K. Morita, N. Samargandi, M. Williams, 2022: Investment and finance. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.  : 1553-1554 Wadannan ƙananan rukuni biyu na kudaden yanayi galibi ana la'akari da su daban. Koyaya, an san yankunan biyu suna da cinikayya da yawa, fa'idodi da kuma la'akari da manufofi. Yarjejeniyar Paris muhimmiyar yarjejeniya ce ta kasa da kasa tsakanin gwamnatoci, wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a cikin ajanda na yanayi. Manufar ta uku ta Yarjejeniyar (mataki na 2.1 c) ita ce ta sa kudade suka gudana daidai da manufofin Ragewa da daidaitawa na yarjejeniyar. : 1553-1555 Yarjejeniyar ta yi kira ga daidaitattun kudaden yanayi tsakanin daidaitawa da ragewa.  
alt=Graph of global investment for renewable energy, electrified heat and transport, and other non-fossil-fuel energy sources|thumb|Sufuri mai amfani da Wutar lantarki da makamashi mai sabuntawa sune mahimman wuraren saka hannun jari don rage sauyin yanayi ta hanyar sauya makamashi.2024 data: 
Kudin yanayi na duniya yana mai da hankali sosai kan ragewa. Babban bangarori don saka hannun jari sun kasance makamashi mai sabuntawa, ingancin makamashi da sufuri.Kreibiehl, S., T. Yong Jung, S. Battiston, P. E. Carvajal, C. Clapp, D. Dasgupta, N. Dube, R. Jachnik, K. Morita, N. Samargandi, M. Williams, 2022: Investment and finance. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.  : 1549, 1564 Hakanan an sami karuwar kudaden yanayi na kasa da kasa zuwa ga burin biliyan 100. Yawancin kimanin dala biliyan 83.3 da aka bayar ga kasashe masu tasowa a cikin 2020, an yi niyya ne don ragewa (dala biliyan 48.6, ko 58%).  A sikelin duniya, rage kudade yana da asusun sama da 90% na saka hannun jari a cikin kudaden yanayi. Kimanin kashi 70% na wannan kuɗin ragewa ya tafi zuwa ga makamashi mai sabuntawa, duk da haka ƙananan motsi na carbon shine mahimmin bangare na ci gaba. Zuba jari na makamashi na duniya ya karu tun lokacin rikicin Cutar COVID-19 na 2020. Koyaya, rikicin ya sanya ƙarin matsin lamba a kan tattalin arzikin duniya, bashin da wadatar kuɗi, waɗanda ake sa ran za a ji su a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. : 1555