Hayakin da ake fitarwa daga noma

Adadin hayakin gas daga aikin gona yana da mahimmanci: Aikin noma, gandun daji da kuma amfani da ƙasa suna ba da gudummawa tsakanin 13% da 21% na hayakin gas na duniya.. Kashewa ya fito ne daga fitar da iskar gas kai tsaye (alal misali daga Samar da shinkafa da noman dabbobi).  Kuma daga fitarwa kai tsaye. Game da hayaki kai tsaye, nitrous oxide da methane makeup sama da rabin jimlar hayaki daga noma. Binciken 2023 ya jaddada cewa hayaki daga ƙasa ta noma ana tsara shi ta hanyar dalilai kamar nau'in ƙasa, yanayi, da ayyukan gudanarwahttps://aminiya.ng/tag/haya%C6%99i/. Har ila yau, yana nuna dabarun ragewa da yawa, gami da kiyayewa, aikin gona mai kyau, ingantaccen amfani da ruwa, da kuma aikace-aikacen biochar, wanda zai iya rage hayaki da haɓaka ajiyar carbon na ƙasa. A gefe guda, hayaki na kai tsaye ya fito ne daga sauya ƙasar da ba ta noma ba kamar gandun daji zuwa ƙasar noma.   Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma amfani da man fetur don sufuri da samar da taki. Misali, ƙerawa da amfani da taki na nitrogen yana ba da gudummawa kusan 5% na duk hayakin gas na duniya. Kiwon dabbobi shine babban tushen fitar da iskar gas. A lokaci guda, noman dabbobi yana shafar canjin yanayi. 

Ana iya sanya tsarin narkewar dabbobi na gona a cikin rukuni biyu: monogastric da ruminant. Ruminant shanu don naman sa da madara suna da matsayi mai girma a cikin hayakin gas. Idan aka kwatanta, monogastric, ko aladu da abinci masu alaƙa da kaji, sun fi ƙasa. Amfani da nau'ikan monogastric na iya samar da karancin hayaki. Dabbobi masu kama da juna suna da ingancin canza abinci mafi girma kuma ba sa samar da methane mai yawa. Dabbobi marasa tsami, kamar kaji, suna fitar da iskar gas kaɗan.

Akwai dabaru da yawa don rage hayakin gas daga aikin gona (wannan yana daya daga cikin burin Aikin noma mai basira). Za'a iya raba matakan ragewa a cikin tsarin abinci zuwa kashi huɗu. Wadannan sune canje-canje na bangaren buƙata, kariya ga yanayin halittu, ragewa a gonaki, da ragewa a cikin sarkar samarwa. A bangaren buƙata, iyakance sharar abinci hanya ce mai inganci don rage hayakin abinci. Canje-canje ga abincin da ba ya dogara da kayan dabba kamar abincin da ke cikin shuke-shuke suma suna da tasiri. : Wannan na iya haɗawa da madadin madara da madadin nama. Hanyoyi da yawa suna cikin bincike don rage hayakin gas daga kiwon dabbobi. Wadannan sun hada da zabin kwayar halitta,   gabatar da Kwayoyin cuta na methanotrophic a cikin rumen,   rigakafi, abinci,  gyaran abinci da kula da kiwo.   

 Ƙididdigar Duniya 
Jimlar hayaki daga tsarin abinci a cikin 2022 ya kai tan biliyan 16.2 na carbon dioxide daidai (Gt CO2eq) na GHG da aka saki cikin yanayi, karuwar 10%, ko 1.5 Gt CO2 eq idan aka kwatanta da 2000.

A cikin 2020, an kiyasta cewa Tsarin abinci gabaɗaya ya ba da gudummawa 37% na jimlar hayakin gas kuma wannan adadi yana kan hanyar karuwa da 30-40% nan da 2050 saboda ci gaban yawan jama'a da canjin abinci.

Tsakanin 2010 da 2019, noma, gandun daji da amfani da ƙasa sun ba da gudummawa tsakanin 13% da 21% ga hayakin gas na duniya. Nitrous oxide da methane sun hada da rabin jimlar hayaki daga aikin gona.

 Tsohon ƙididdiga 
A cikin shekara ta 2010, an kiyasta aikin gona, gandun daji da canjin amfani da ƙasa don ba da gudummawa 20-25% na hayaki na shekara-shekara na duniya. : 383 

 Rashin fitarwa ta hanyar nau'in aiki 

 Canjin amfani da ƙasa 
Aikin noma yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar iskar gas ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa a manyan hanyoyi huɗu:

 Sakin CO2 da ke da alaƙa da sare daji
 Sakin methane daga shinkafaShuka shinkafa
 Methane ya fito daga fermentation na ciki shanu
 Nitrous oxide ya fito daga aikace-aikacen taki

Tare, waɗannan hanyoyin aikin gona sun ƙunshi kashi 54% na hayakin methane, kusan kashi 80% na hayakin nitrous oxide, kuma kusan duk hayakin carbon dioxide da ke da alaƙa da amfani da ƙasa.

Yankin ƙasa ya canza sosai tun 1750, yayin da mutane suka sare yankuna masu matsakaici. Lokacin da aka share gandun daji da gandun daji don samar da wuri ga filaye da makiyaya, albedo na yankin da abin ya shafa yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da ko dai dumama ko sanyaya dangane da yanayin yankin. Rashin gandun daji kuma yana shafar sake dawo da carbon na yanki, wanda zai iya haifar da karuwar CO2, iskar gas mai ɗorewa. Hanyoyin share ƙasa kamar slash da ƙonewa suna haɗa waɗannan tasirin, kamar yadda ƙonewar Biomatter kai tsaye ke fitar da iskar gas da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar soot cikin iska. Kashe ƙasa na iya lalata carbon sponge na ƙasa.

 Dabbobi 
Dabbobi suna samar da mafi yawan iskar gas daga aikin gona kuma suna buƙatar kusan kashi 30% na bukatun ruwan sha na noma, yayin da kawai ke samar da kashi 18% na adadin kuzari na duniya. Abinci da aka samo daga dabba yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen biyan bukatun furotin na ɗan adam, duk da haka har yanzu yana da ƙarancin wadata a 39%, tare da amfanin gona da ke ba da sauran. : 746–747 

Daga cikin hanyoyin da aka raba da zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kwamitin Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ya yi amfani da su, SSP1 ne kawai ke ba da damar da za a iya saduwa da  ° C (2.7 ° F) manufa. Tare da matakai kamar ƙaddamar da Fasahar kore, wannan hanyar tana ɗaukar abincin da aka samo daga dabba zai taka rawar gani a cikin abincin duniya dangane da yanzu. A sakamakon haka, an yi kira don fitar da tallafi da ake bayarwa a halin yanzu ga manoma a wurare da yawa a duk duniya,  kuma shirye-shiryen sauyawa na yanzu sun haɗa da iyakoki akan jimlar yawan dabbobi, gami da raguwar hannun jari na yanzu a wasu ƙasashe tare da manyan fannonin noma kamar Ireland. Duk da haka, ƙarshen cin nama da / ko kayan dabba a halin yanzu ba a dauke shi da manufa ta ainihi. Sabili da haka, duk wani tsari mai zurfi na daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi, musamman tasirin canjin sauyin yanayi na yanzu da na gaba akan aikin gona, dole ne ya yi la'akari da dabbobi.

Ayyukan dabbobi suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga tasirin amfani da ƙasa, tunda ana noma amfanin gona kamar masara da alfalfa don ciyar da dabbobi.

A cikin shekara ta 2010, fermentation na ciki ya kai kashi 43% na jimlar hayaki daga duk ayyukan noma a duniya. Naman daga ruminants yana da sawun carbon mafi girma fiye da sauran nama ko tushen kayan lambu na furotin bisa ga nazarin meta-analysis na duniya na nazarin nazarin nazarin rayuwa. Ƙananan ruminants kamar tumaki da awaki suna ba da gudummawa kusan tan miliyan 475 na carbon dioxide daidai da hayakin GHG, wanda ya zama kusan 6.5% na hayakin aikin gona na duniya. Samar da methane ta dabbobi, galibi ruminants, ya kai kimanin 15-20% na samar da methane a duniya.  
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