Injin Gyaran Iyakar Carbon EU

The EU Carbon Border Mechanism (CBAM, pronounced Si-Bam) wani harajin carbon akan kayayyakin da ake buƙata na carbon, kamar karfe,Why Ukraine peace talks are more about talking than peace". www.ft.com siminti da wasu wutar lantarki, da ake shigo da su zuwa Tarayyar Turai. An ba da doka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yarjejeniyar Green Green na Turai, yana ɗaukar aiki a cikin 2026, tare da bayar da rahoto daga 2023. Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da CBAM tare da kuri'u 450 na goyon baya, 115 na adawa, da 55 suka ki amincewa da Majalisar EU tare da kasashe 24 da ke goyon baya. Ya fara aiki a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2023.Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism". European Commission. European Union. Retrieved 21 May 2023.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

Farashin takaddun shaida na CBAM yana da alaƙa da farashin izini na EU a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Kasuwancin Haɗin Kai da aka gabatar a cikin 2005. An ƙera CBAM don dakatar da kwararar carbon zuwa ƙasashe ba tare da farashin carbon ba, kuma za ta ba da izinin EU ta daina ba da izini kyauta ga wasu sassa masu ɗaukar carbon a cikin iyakokinta. Duk wannan ya kamata ya gaggauta fitar da kuzari.

Da zarar an aiwatar da shi gabaɗaya, za a buƙaci masu shigo da kaya su sayi takaddun shaida na CBAM don rufe hayakin da aka haɗa a cikin kayan da aka shigo da su, ƙirƙirar alhaki na kuɗi kai tsaye wanda ya bambanta mako-mako tare da farashin ETS.

Bayan da aka cimma yarjejeniyar siyasa (na wucin gadi) tsakanin Majalisar da Majalisar Turai a cikin Disamba 2022, CBAM ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2023 kuma tana wucewa ta matakai da yawa:

Daga Oktoba 2023 zuwa karshen lokacin rikon kwarya na 2025: Masu shigo da kayayyaki a sassa shida masu karfin carbon da aka fallasa sosai ga kasuwancin kasa da kasa, wato aluminum, siminti, wutar lantarki, takin zamani, hydrogen da iron da karfe za su bukaci bayar da rahoton hayakin da suke fitarwa. A lokacin tsaka-tsakin yanayi, masu gudanarwa za su bincika ko za a iya ƙara wasu samfuran cikin jerin misali wasu samfuran ƙasa.

Tun daga farkon shekarar 2026 masu shigo da kayayyaki da ke kunshe a cikin wadannan sassa 6 za su fara biyan harajin Carbon kan iyaka na kayayyakinsu bisa farashin alawus-alawus da ke cikin tsarin ciniki na hayaki na Tarayyar Turai.

Nan da shekarar 2030 duk sassan da tsarin ciniki na fitar da hayaki na Tarayyar Turai ke rufewa, CBAM za ta rufe su.

Ta hanyar 2034 kyauta kyauta a cikin sassan da suka dace a cikin Tarayyar Turai za a cire su kamar yadda CBAM mai cikakken aiki ya tabbatar da filin wasa ga kamfanonin Turai idan aka kwatanta da masu shigo da kaya.Carbon border adjustment mechanism (PDF). European Union. Retrieved 30 January 2024

Don magance yanayin 'rasa-rasa' na yatsan carbon, [17] wanda ke da asarar gaba ɗaya na gasa na masana'antun EU ba tare da wata fa'ida ba daga yanayin kariyar yanayi, CBAM za ta buƙaci masu shigo da kayan da aka yi niyya don siyan isassun adadin 'takardun shaida na CBAM' don rufe hayaƙin da aka saka a cikin samfuransu. Tunda babban manufar CBAM shine don gujewa ɗigon carbon, tsarin yana ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da shigo da kaya da aka rufe zuwa farashin carbon ɗin da aka sanya akan masu kera na ciki a ƙarƙashin EU ETS. A takaice dai, EU na ƙoƙarin sanya masu shigo da kaya su ɗauki nauyin nauyi, ga abin da ya shafi farashin tsari, ga farashin masu kera Turai.

Karkashin labari na 6, masu shigo da kaya dole ne su yi "bayani na CBAM" tare da yawan kaya, hayaki, da takaddun shaida don biyan harajin shigo da carbon.

Annex I ya zayyana kayayyakin da ke jawo harajin shigo da kayayyaki, da suka hada da siminti, wutar lantarki, takin zamani (kamar nitric acid, ammonia, potassium), iron da karfe (ciki har da tankuna, ganguna, kwantena), da aluminum.

Annex II ya fayyace cewa CBAM ba ta shafi kasashe hudu da ba na EU ba da ke cikin yankin tattalin arzikin Turai, wato Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway da Switzerland.

Annex III ya zayyana hanyoyin ƙididdige hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.

Za a bukaci masu fitar da kayayyaki da su bayar da rahoton fitar da hayakinsu da kuma sayen takaddun shaida na CBAM, wanda hakan zai kara musu tsada da rage ribarsu.

An ba da shawara don sake fasalin EU CBAM zuwa hanyar "CBAM-plus". CBAM-plus za ta karkatar da kudaden shiga daga CBAM don tallafawa ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen ƙorafi a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da kuma sanin ayyukan yanayi daban-daban. Ta hanyar daidaita yanayin yanayi da manufofin ci gaba, CBAM-plus na iya haɓaka tallafin ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da CBAM na yanzu.

 Muhawara 
Aiwatar da CBAM ta EU babban mataki ne na magance matsalar kwararar carbon da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton filin wasa ga kasuwancin Turai a duk duniya kan kayayyaki masu rahusa daga tattalin arzikin da ke wajen EU ba su da harajin carbon. Abokan huldar shigo da kaya da abin ya fi shafa su ne Rasha, China, Turkiyya, Ukraine, Balkans, da Mozambique, Zimbabwe, da Kamaru. Wannan tsari yana ba EU damar sanya haraji a kan shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen da ba su cika ka'idojin muhalli da EU ta gindaya ba.Do, Thang Nam (1 January 2025). "Reimagining carbon border adjustment mechanisms: A path to climate and development synergy". Global Transitions. 7: 144–147. doi:10.1016/j.glt.2025.03.003. ISSN 2589-7918.

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