Kudin yanayi a Najeriya

Kudin yanayi a Najeriya ya haɗa da cakuda kudade na cikin gida da na duniya don daidaita Canjin yanayi, ragewa da juriya.  

 Gudummawar da aka ƙayyade a ƙasa 
Najeriya jam'iyya ce ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) a cikin 1994 kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a cikin 2004. Gudummawar da kasar ta ƙuduri aniyar bayar ita ce rage hayaki na gajeren lokaci na Yanayi da Hydrofluorocarbons da kashi 47% nan da shekara ta 2030 a farashin da aka tsara na dala biliyan 542. 

 Babban tallafin kuɗi 
Tsakanin 2012 da 2016, manyan kudaden yanayi na Gwamnatin Najeriya sun fito ne daga kasafin kudin kasa tare da $ 4,800,000 da aka ware daga Asusun Zuba Jari na Yanayi, tallafin DFID da aka ware £ 17,000 kuma Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya ta ba da gudummawar $ 352,000 don tallafawa Kudin Yanayi a Najeriya. Har ila yau, a cikin 2024, Bankin Ci Gaban Najeriya, an kuma ba shi izinin samun dama tsakanin dala miliyan 50 da dala miliyan 250 daga Asusun Yanayi na Green don tallafawa canjin yanayi  : 167-168 Akwai kuma kudaden yanayi Henrich daga Boll Stiftung (HBS) tsakanin 2012 da 2016 a cikin jimlar Yuro 423,320. : 129 

 Bukatar kudade na gwamnati 
Dangane da Rahoton Binciken Bukatar Bala'i (PDNA) a cikin 2012 ga UNFCCC a cikin 2017, mahimman bukatun kudade sun haɗa da kula da ambaliyar ruwa tare da buƙatar gyara lalacewar dala biliyan 16.9. Har ila yau, ana buƙatar saka hannun jari kusan dala biliyan 177 don rage ƙalubalen sharar gida, albarkatun ruwa da tasirin gidan kore : 13-14 : 4

 Kudin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu 
Baya ga kudade na gwamnati, akwai kudade daga C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group a cikin adadin $ 3,000,000, $ 1,515,512 daga bankin Fidelity da $ 2,000,000 daga Bankin Duniya :

 Context and Vulnerabilities 

 Yanayin Aikin Gona da Gida 
Najeriya tana da jimlar yanki na 910,770 km2,  wanda kashi 77% ya sadaukar da shi ga amfanin gona (gami da ƙasar noma, amfanin gona na dindindin da makiyaya) : 1 da 22% gandun daji sun rufe su tun daga shekarar 2020.  A cewar Bankin Duniya, bangaren noma yana da alhakin 34% na samar da aiki a kasar. Koyaya, lalacewar ƙasa tana shafar kusan kashi 33% na ƙasar noma, wanda canjin yanayi ya kara tsanantawa. : na bakwai 

Har yanzu bangaren noma yana da kusan kashi 23% na GDP na kasar bisa ga bayanan Bankin Duniya na 2021. Canjin yanayin ruwan sama, karuwar ambaliyar ruwa, da hamada a arewacin kasar suna barazana ga tsaron abinci da hanyoyin rayuwa a Najeriya; kasar ta riga ta fuskanci karancin abinci idan aka kwatanta da bukatar cikin gida. : 54  Karin shigo da abinci na yau da kullun, kamar shinkafa, ya nuna wahalar biyan bukatun abinci na kasar. A cikin 2019, an gano cewa Najeriya ta cinye tan miliyan 7 na hatsi, amma kawai ta samar da tan miliyan 3.7 da kansu.

Dangane da rahoton 2012 Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), ambaliyar, wacce ta fara a watan Yulin wannan shekarar, ta haifar da kimanin dala biliyan 16.9 a cikin lalacewa, yana nuna bukatar saka hannun jari a cikin daidaitawa. : xx

 Yanayin Makamashi 

Sashin makamashi na Najeriya ya mamaye man fetur da sharar gida (43.4% na jimlar samar da makamashi), galibi itace da gawayi, wanda kashi 65% na gidaje ke amfani da shi don bukatun yau da kullun kamar dafa abinci. Ana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar iskar gas (75%), yayin da hanyoyin sabuntawa kamar su hydropower (1.1%) da hasken rana (0.3% a cikin 2022) suna wakiltar karamin ɓangaren makamashi. Duk da babban damar sabuntawa, Najeriya tana da MW 2,062 kawai na ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga cikin kimanin 14,120 MW. Ana kiyasta yiwuwar hasken rana har zuwa 210 GW, duk da haka ana amfani da kashi 1% kawai na yankin ƙasar a halin yanzu.   : 27 

Ikon wutar lantarki da aka shigar shine 12.5 GW, amma kawai 3,500 zuwa 5,000 MW yana samuwa saboda asarar watsawa da rarraba (28-40%).  Duk da haka, bukatar wutar lantarki ta Najeriya ta wuce iyakar ƙarfin grid, a kusan 17,556 MWh / h a cikin 2020, bisa ga bayanan hukuma. : 38 A cikin 2023, yawan samun wutar lantarki ya kasance 61.2%, tare da bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin birane (89%) da yankunan karkara (kasa da 33%) a cikin mahallin inda gazawar wutar lantarki ta kai ga tattalin arziki kusan dala biliyan 29 a kowace shekara.

 Yanayin Tattalin Arziki 
An dauki Najeriya a matsayin tattalin arziki mafi girma a nahiyar Afirka, tare da GDP na dala biliyan 188.27 a 2023 da yawan mutane miliyan 233.3, amma GDP na kowane mutum shine mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin manyan tattalin arzikin Afirka goma saboda yawan jama'arta. Sashin kudi na kasar shine kasuwar banki ta uku mafi girma a Afirka, tare da bankunan kamar FBN Holdings, Access Bank, da Zenith Bank suna jagorantar matsayi na yanki. Kasuwancin kasuwa Najeriya (NGX)  ya kai kusan dala biliyan 47 a watan Yunin 2025, tare da kamfanoni 148 da aka jera, kodayake babu wanda aka keɓe shi ne kawai ga makamashi mai sabuntawa.  

Duk da yiwuwar, kudaden kore suna iyakance yayin da masu karfafa saka hannun jari ke ba da fifiko ga bangaren man fetur kamar yadda Najeriya ita ce babbar mai samar da mai fetur a Afirka. : 27  A cikin 2020, kasar ta kashe dala biliyan 71.3 a kan shigo da kayayyaki, wanda ya wuce fitarwa da dala biliyan 43.6, galibi saboda dogaro da man fetur mai da aka shigo da shi duk da ikon ingantaccen gida. 
 Manazarta