Yuga na Kudancin Andes

Yankin Kudancin Andes yanki ne na gandun daji mai laushi a cikin Yungas na kudu maso yammacin Bolivia da arewa maso yammacin Argentina."Southern Andean Yungas". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund 

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Yankin yana faruwa ne a gefen gabashin Andes daga kudancin Bolivia zuwa arewacin Argentina, a tsaunuka daga mita 800 zuwa 3,000 (2,600 zuwa 9,800 . A cikin ƙasashen da ke gabashin Yungas ya sauya zuwa Dry Chaco mai bushewa. A arewa maso yamma suna da iyaka da gandun daji masu bushewa na Bolivia, da kuma tsaunuka masu tsawo na Tsakiyar Andean puna da High Monte ciyawa zuwa yamma.

 Yanayi 
Wannan yankin yana da yanayin subtropical highland. Yanayin yana rinjayar iskar kasuwanci daga gabas wanda ke kawo har zuwa 2,500 millimeters (98 in) na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Akwai lokacin bushewa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, da kuma dusar ƙanƙara a wasu wurare masu tsawo a lokacin watanni na hunturu.Malizia, L.; Pacheco, S.; Blundo, C.; Brown, A.D. "Caracterización altitudinal, uso y conservación de las Yungas Subtropicales de Argentina". Ecosistemas, vol. 21, núm. 1-2, January–August, 2012, pp. 53-73

Ruwan sama da zafin jiki sun bambanta da tsawo. A cikin gandun daji na tudun (tsawon mita 400 zuwa 900) matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 550 zuwa 1400 mm, tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara-sheko shine 21.5 ° C, tare da Matsakaicin matsakaicin 27.6 ° C, kuma matsakaicin matsakaici na 15.4 ° C. A cikin belin gandun daji na tsawo tsakanin mita 900 da 1600, ruwan sama yana da matsakaicin 1,100 zuwa 2,300 mm a kowace shekara, tare da matsakaitan 1,800 mm. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a cikin gandun daji, tsakanin mita 1,600 da 2,300, ya kasance daga 800 zuwa 1,400 mm, tare da ma'aunin 1100 mm. Dajin tsaunuka da gandun daji sune gandun daji girgije, inda hazo da girgije zasu iya ba da gudummawa har zuwa 100% ƙarin hazo na tsaye. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin montane da belin montane na sama shine 11.7 ° C, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin 21.8 ° C da matsakaitan matsakaicin 8.8 ° C.          

 Tsire-tsire 
Yungas na Kudancin Andean ya ƙunshi dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da bishiyoyi yawanci ƙasa da  tsayi. 

Abubuwan da ke cikin gandun daji sun bambanta da tsawo da hazo. dazuzzuka na tudun suna da canji tsakanin Yungas da kuma Dry Chaco mai bushewa na ƙasƙanci. Bishiyoyi galibi suna cikin dangin wake (Leguminosae), kuma na asalin wurare masu zafi. Itace da yawa suna da tsayi na lokacin bushewa, musamman a ƙasa da mita 700.

dazuzzuka na Montane (selva montaña) suna faruwa tsakanin mita 900 da 1600 tsawo. Itace daga iyalai Leguminosae, Sapindaceae, Lauraceae, da Euphorbiaceae sanannun ne, tare da nau'in Cordia daga iyalin Boraginaceae. Yawancin su sun fito ne daga iyalai da jinsunan asalin wurare masu zafi. Allophylus edulis, Parapiptadenia excelsa, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, da Ocotea porphyria suna nan a duk tsaunuka, kuma suna da mahimmancin muhalli tsakanin mita 1,300 da 1,500. dazuzzukan Myrtle suna faruwa tsakanin mita 1000 da 1400 tsawo, wanda itatuwa suka mamaye daga dangin myrtle (Myrtaceae). A cikin gandun daji na myrtle itatuwan da suka fi dacewa sune güili colorado (Amomyrtella guilii), wanda ke da alaƙa da yankin ecoregion, da güili blanco (Myrcianthes pseudomato).  

Tsakanin mita 1500 da 1600 tsawo akwai yankin canji tsakanin gandun daji da gandun daji na sama. Gidajen daji na sama (Bosque deciduo ko bosque montaño) sun kai daga mita 1,600 zuwa 2,500 (5,200 zuwa 8,200 . Suna mamaye Andean alder (Alnus acuminata), conifer Podocarpus parlatorei, da queñoa (Polylepis australis), tare da Viburnum seemenii, Sambucus peruviana, Ilex argentina, da Juglans australis, da nau'in Eupatorium da Kaunia. Itace da yawa suna da ganyayyaki, kuma na asalin Holarctic ko Antarctic-Gondwanan.

Sama da tsawo na mita 2600, gandun daji sun sauya zuwa ciyawa da shrubland (pastizal de neblina),  na yankin Andean puna na tsakiya.

 Dabbobi 
Yawancin nau'o'in wurare masu zafi suna samun iyakar kudancin kewayon su a cikin wannan yankin.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa da za a iya samun su a nan sun hada da ja brocket (Mazama americana), launin toka brocket (Tayassu pecari), ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙanta (Dicotyles tajacu), da kuma Tapir na Kudancin Amurka (Tapirus terrestris).  Cats sun hada da Jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), Margay (Leopardus wiedii), da Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi).  Sauran masu cin nama sun hada da kyarketai (Cerdocyon thous) da tayra (Eira barbara). Ana samun fox na Pampas (Lycalopex gymnocercus) a cikin gandun daji a cikin canji zuwa Chaco . 

Tsuntsaye na musamman na yankin sun hada da Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), falcon na gandun daji mai hanawa (Micrastur ruficollis), kurciya mai wutsiya (Patagioenas fasciata), puffleg mai launin shudi (Eriocnemis glaucopoides), Azara's spinetail (Synallaxis azarae), Brushfinch mai launin rawaya (Atlapetes citrinellus), giwa mai launin zinariya (Basileuterus culicivorus), giwa), giwa (Mricey) ). Tsuntsaye da ke cikin wannan yankin sun haɗa da guan mai jan fuska (Penelope dabbenei), Tucumán Amazon (Amazona tucumana), Rothschild's swift (Cypseloides rothschildi), da Rufous-throated dipper (Cinclus schulzi). 

Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus) ƙaura ce ta yanayi.

'Yan asalin amphibians sun haɗa da toads Rhinella arenarum da Rhinella spinulosa .  Tsuntsu mai haɗari La Banderita marsupial (Gastrotheca gracilis) yana zaune a Kudancin Andean Yungas da kusa da Tsakiyar Andean puna. Tsuntsu mai haɗari mai suna Telmatobius ceiorum yana cikin Yungas na Sierra del Aconquija . 

 Yankunan da aka kare 
12.87% na yankin yana cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye. Yankunan da aka kare sun hada da:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2019). "Telmatobius ceiorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T57330A3057966. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T57330A3057966.en. Retrieved 24 April 2022. 

 Acambuco Flora da Fauna Reserve
 Gidan shakatawa na Aconquija (Campo de los Alisos National Park) 
 Gidan shakatawa na Amboró
 Gidan shakatawa na Aguaragüe da kuma Yankin Gudanar da Halitta
 Gidan shakatawa na Baritú
 Gidan shakatawa na Calilegua
 Gidan Kare Kayan daji na Carabajal
 Gidan shakatawa na El Rey
 Tsaro na Yanayi na Angostura
 Gidan ajiyar yanayi na Los Sosa
 Quebrada de Humahuaca Kariya Landscape
 Quebrada del Portugués Nature Reserve
 Gidan ajiyar yanayi na Santa Ana
 Tariquía Flora da Fauna National Reserve

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba