Ayyukan yara a cikin masana'antar lu'u-lu'u

Gangamin bulo na jini wani gangami ne na kasa da kasa da ke mayar da hankali kan yaki da amfani da bautar zamani a masana'antar bulo na Indiya, yayin da ya kuma fallasa kamfanonin da ke amfani da bulo da aka samar a cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki. An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2014 ta ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa da Union Solidarity International (USi), Prayas, Action Aid Association, War on Want, da Thompsons Solicitors. Makasudin wannan kamfen sun hada da tallafawa kokarin hadin gwiwa da ma’aikata ke yi, da matsa lamba ga gwamnatocin jihohi da na tarayya don aiwatar da ko gyara dokoki, gano kamfanonin da ke amfani da bulo daga hada-hada ko tilastawa aiki, da kuma mai da hankali kan yanayin aiki a masana’antar bulo a Indiya, da sauran sassan duniya.

 Fage 
Bautar zamani a masana'antar bulo ta Indiya

A Indiya, masana'antar bulo na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ɓangaren gine-gine na ƙasar, kuma an kiyasta cewa za su ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka biliyan huɗu ga tattalin arzikin Indiya a kowace shekara.India's booming cities built from 'blood bricks' of bonded laborers". Reuters. 2016 A cewar kungiyar da ke yaki da bautar kasa da kasa, akwai kimanin rukunin samar da bulo 12,500 a Indiya kadai, wadanda ke daukar ma'aikata kusan miliyan 10-23.Slavery in India's Brick Kilns & the Payment System" (PDF).

Saboda gasa mai yawa na masana'antar bulo, masu daukar ma'aikata, sun kasa rage farashin kayan, yunƙurin rage farashin samarwa ta hanyar amfani da bashi-kangin bauta da aikin yara. Yayin da wannan masana'antar ke aiki a kan kari, masu daukar ma'aikata suna farautar 'yan ci-rani da 'yan tsiraru daga karancin yanayin zamantakewa da kuma daukar ma'aikata ta hanyar amfani da tsarin biyan kudi na gaba. Wannan tsarin yana bawa ma'aikata damar, da gaske, su tsira damina (mara aiki) lokacin damina saboda ba su sami wani nau'in kudin shiga ba. Sai dai ta hanyar yin kwangilar wannan bashi, ba da saninsu ba ne ake tilasta musu bauta. Bugu da ƙari, saboda yanayin yanayin masana'antar bulo, ana yawan hana albashin ma'aikata har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. Wannan yana nufin cewa ma’aikata galibi ba sa samun albashi na kusan watanni takwas zuwa goma, kuma a sakamakon haka, galibi suna samun kasa fiye da yadda aka yi yarjejeniya. Wadannan gurbatattun nau'ikan tsarin biyan kuɗi suna rage ikon da ma'aikatan bulo suke da shi kan yanayin aikinsu, tare da iyakance ikon barin su.Gupta, Jayoti (2003). "Informal Labour in Brick Kilns: Need for Regulation". Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (31): 3282–3292. JSTOR 4413859

Wannan tsarin rashin daidaito tsakanin masu daukar ma'aikata da ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar bulo ya kara tsananta saboda gaskiyar cewa ma'aikata ba sa karbar albashin yau da kullun, amma ana biyan su ta tsarin aikin yanki. Wannan yana nufin cewa ma'aikata suna karɓar diyya ga kowane tubali 1,500 da aka yi. Wannan tsarin yana haifar da manya, ma'aikata maza suna dogaro da taimakon danginsu don biyan bukatun ma'aikatansu, don haka suna samun isassun diyya[8]. An soki wannan samfurin saboda dalilai da yawa. Na farko, tunda ana biyan albashi ga shugaban iyali, mata ma’aikata galibi ba sa samun diyya, saboda haka suna dogara ga danginsu maza. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsarin yana ƙarfafa aikin yara, saboda gidaje masu yawa zasu buƙaci samar da bulo don tallafawa iyalansu yadda ya kamata. Har ila yau, ana amfani da aikin yara a wasu lokuta a matsayin hanyar ciniki ta ma'aikatan bulo, saboda sau da yawa shine kawai kayan aikin su don ƙarfafa ma'aikata don ƙara yawan albashi ko samar da ƙarin fa'idodi.Bhukuth, Augendra (1 August 2005). "Child Labour and Debt Bondage: A Case Study of Brick Kiln Workers in Southeast India". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 40 (4): 287–302. doi:10.1177/0021909605055776. S2CID 153515012. Gabaɗaya, wannan yana ƙara rage yawan halartar yaran da ke zaune a kan bulo zuwa makarantar firamare ko kuma kula da yara kanana, duk da cewa wannan wani hakki ne na doka na gwamnatin Indiya. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsarin aikin yanki yana haɓaka tsawon sa'o'i ta ma'aikatan da ke aiki a cikin masana'antar bulo. An ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan bulo suna aiki kusan awanni 12, tare da ma'aikatan yara 'yan tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa sha hudu suna aiki sa'o'i bakwai zuwa tara a rana. Wannan tsarin kuma yana iyakance ikon ma'aikata don samun mafi ƙarancin albashi, tare da da yawa kawai suna karɓar dalar Amurka biyu zuwa uku a rana.

A cikin masana'antar bulo, babu ingantaccen adana bayanan saboda yawancin kwangiloli ana yin su ta baki tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata. A sakamakon haka, akwai ƙarancin lissafin masu ɗaukan ma'aikata, yana iyakance ikon ma'aikatan bulo don ɗaukar matakin shari'a lokacin da biyan diyya ya yi ƙasa da yadda aka amince da su ko kuma ana tauye haƙƙin ma'aikaci.BloodBricks campaign officially launches". War On Want. 16 June 2015.

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