Ƙananan Yara

Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Yara (SBU) ƙungiya ce ta yara waɗanda aka tilasta su ta hanyar Revolutionary United Front (RUF) a matsayin mayakan a lokacin yakin basasar Saliyo . Yaƙin ya fara ne a shekara ta 1991, lokacin da RUF ta so ta hambarar da gwamnati kuma ta sami iko da ma'adinan lu'u-lu'u, babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga ga kasar. A shekara ta 1998, kashi 25% na sojoji da ke yaƙi a yaƙin ba su kai shekara 18 ba, kuma daga cikin waɗanda, an sace kashi 50% kuma kashi 28% ba su kai shekaru 12 ba. Yaƙin ya ƙare tare da tsagaita wuta a ranar 18 ga Janairun shekaravta 2002.

SBU a Saliyo ta kunshi yara sama da 10,000, galibi tsakanin shekaru 8 zuwa 10, wadanda aka fi sani da laifukan da suka aikata wa fararen hula, gami da yankan mutum da azabtarwa. Tare da sama da kashi 55% na yawan mutanen Saliyo a ƙarƙashin 18, akwai wadataccen mayakan da za su iya yi. Da farko, an dauki yara don ɗaukar bindigogi, kayan abinci da kayan aiki ga sauran mayakan.

Yayin da yakin ya ci gaba, an kai yara zuwa sansanonin aiki na musamman inda aka horar da yara maza don yaƙi kuma aka sanya 'yan mata cikin bayi na jima'i. Makamin farko da aka ba wa mafi yawan yara shine AK-47, wanda ake la'akari da bindiga mai sauƙi wanda za'a iya sarrafawa don ƙaramin girman su. Da zarar an tura su yaƙi, sai suka aiwatar da kasuwancin da aka koya musu kuma suka shiga cikin kisan fararen hula marasa laifi da kuma wadanda ke kusa da iyalansu.

Wani muhimmin mutum a cikin kafa Small Boys Unit shine Shugaba Charles Taylor na Laberiya. Taylor "an yi imanin cewa yana daya daga cikin shugabannin yaƙi na farko da suka dauki yara sojoji, waɗanda aka tsara su cikin Ƙananan Yara. " Barrowclough, Erin. "U.S Court Convicts Charles Taylor's Son of Torture" The Times Online. Accessed 7 December 2010. A lokacin yakin a Saliyo, Taylor ya yi aiki a matsayin hanyar samun makamai ga RUF, yayin da Taylor zai "cinikin lu'u-lu'u don makamai kuma daga bisani ya sayar da lu'u'u-ulu'u ga 'yan kasuwa da ke fitar da lu'ulu'u zuwa Belgium. " Ya ba da RUF damar amfani da su a matsayin hanyar sake samar da albarkatu kuma an yi tunanin sarrafa ayyukan' yan tawaye kai tsaye a Saliyo.  Bugu da kari, zarge-zargen da aka yi wa Taylor sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya umarci dakarunsa da su cinye abokan gaba da aka kama.

Bayan karshen yakin, miliyoyin mutane sun yi hijira kuma dubban yara sun yi wa kwakwalwa. Gyara da sake ilimi shine mataki na gaba ga yara. An kafa Kotun Musamman ta Saliyo don magance take hakkin dan adam da ta faru kuma, tun daga shekara ta 2010, har yanzu suna gudanar da shari'o'in wadanda ake zargi da zama shugabannin a yakin. Duk da yake yanayi ya inganta a Saliyo bayan karshen yakin, yara a cikin shekara ta 2010 har yanzu suna cikin halin da ake ciki, tare da kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 250,000 da mutane 600,000 da suka rasa muhallinsu a cikin gida.

 Samun ma'aikata 
An tilasta wa mafi yawan daukar yara zuwa soja. Yawancin lokaci, membobin RUF za su kai hari kan ƙauyuka na gida kuma su kama yara. Bayan kama su, ba sabon abu ba ne a tilasta wa yara su shaida ko shiga cikin azabtarwa da kashe danginsu. Ga wasu yara, shiga cikin SBU ya zama ana kallon shi azaman dama. SBU ta dauki yara a matsayin 'yan takara masu kyau, kamar yadda aka gan su a matsayin "mai sauƙin sauyawa kuma a lokutan rikici, ƙarin dalilai na iya ba da gudummawa ga ɗaukar su a matsayin sojoji ciki har da talauci, ilimi da aiki, iyali da abokai, siyasa da akida, da al'adu da al'ada. "  Wata yarinya ta lura cewa ta zo tana son RUF wanda ya kama ta, kamar yadda ta ce, "Ba ni da zaɓi na takalma ko riguna masu kyau a baya ba" Ga wasu, sun haɗa da iyakantaccen ilimi wanda ya ragu tun da daɗewa a garinsu. Sun sami damar amfani da raguwa daga littattafai kuma suna karɓar horo a cikin fasahar yaƙi. Wannan ya ba da dama ga yara masu fama da yunwa su yi amfani da kansu kuma su nuna ƙwarewarsu.

 Ayyukan SBU 
During training, children were taught how to mutilate people. One common technique was the cutting off of civilians' limbs. Children were instructed to get the subject on the ground and shove the gun barrel to the back of the person's neck. Once he was helpless, another boy takes the victim's arm and lays it on a piece of wood then brings the machete down on it to make an amputation. After this step, the child soldier was free to cut anything else, including lips, nose and removing internal organs and making the victim eat them. As of 2010, Sierra Leone has an estimated 10,000 amputees, one of the highest rates in the world, largely due to the actions of the SBU. When members of the SBU came across a pregnant woman, the children would argue the sex of the child, then use a machete to cut the womb to discover the sex.      A lokacin horo, an koya wa yara yadda za su nakasa mutane. Ɗaya daga cikin dabarun da aka saba amfani da su shine yanke gaɓoɓin fararen hula. An umurci yara da su sa batun a ƙasa kuma su tura ganga ta bindiga zuwa bayan wuyan mutumin. Da zarar ya kasance ba shi da taimako, wani yaro ya ɗauki hannun wanda aka azabtar ya sanya shi a kan wani itace sannan ya kawo wuka a kansa don yin yankewa. Bayan wannan mataki, yaron soja yana da 'yanci ya yanke wani abu, gami da leɓuna, hanci da cire gabobin ciki da kuma sa wanda aka azabtar ya ci su. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, Saliyo tana da kimanin mutane 10,000 da aka yanke, daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, galibi saboda ayyukan SBU. Lokacin da membobin SBU suka haɗu da mace mai ciki, yara za su yi jayayya da jima'i na yaron, sannan su yi amfani da wuka don yanke mahaifar don gano jima'i.

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