Canjin yanayi a Kanada

Canjin yanayi yana tasiri sosai ga muhallin Kanada da shimfidar wurare. Tsananin yanayi ya zama mai yawa kuma mai tsanani saboda ci gaba da sakin iskar gas a cikin yanayi. Yawan abubuwan da suka shafi canjin yanayi, kamar ambaliyar ruwa ta 2021 British Columbia da kuma karuwar gobarar gandun daji, ya zama abin damuwa akan lokaci.Rosano, Michela (July 26, 2018). "Photos: How climate change is transforming Canada". Canadian Geographic. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2021 Matsakaicin zafin jiki na Kanada na shekara-shekara akan ƙasa ya yi zafi da 1.7 ° C (3.1 ° F) tsakanin 1948 da 2016. Yawan ɗumamar ya fi girma a arewacin Kanada, Prairies, da arewacin British Columbia. Ruwan saman kasar ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma gobarar daji ta karu daga abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi zuwa barazanar duk shekara.

Tun daga 2022, Kanada ita ce ta 11 mafi girma a duniya mai fitar da iskar carbon dioxide (CO2)Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions |". Climate Watch. Retrieved August 3, 2024 kuma kamar na 2021 mafi girma na 7th mai fitar da iskar gas. Kanada tana da dogon tarihi na samar da hayakin masana'antu wanda ya koma ƙarshen karni na 19. A shekarar 2022 sufuri, hakar mai da iskar gas, da kuma fitar da hayaki mai gudu tare suka fitar da kashi 82% na jimillar hayakin kasar. Daga 1990 zuwa 2022, hayakin GHG daga samar da mai na al'ada ya karu da kashi 24%, wanda daga fasahohin fasahohin matakai da yawa ya karu da kashi 56%, sannan fitar da yashin mai ya karu da kashi 467%. Wannan ya haifar da suka ga Kanada game da yin watsi da rage hayaki a yayin da take tallafawa masana'antar mai da iskar gas.Cecco, Leyland (July 25, 2024). "Canada is proposing to lead on climate – but it's doubling down on oil". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 17, 2025.

Kanada ta himmatu wajen rage fitar da iskar gas da take fitarwa da kashi 30% kasa da matakan 2005 nan da 2030 karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris. A cikin Yuli 2021, Kanada ta haɓaka shirye-shiryen Yarjejeniyar Paris tare da sabon burin rage fitar da hayaki da kashi 40 – 45% ƙasa da matakan 2005 ta 2030,  yana aiwatar da Dokar Ba da Lamuni ta Net-Zero na Kanada. A cikin 2019, Majalisar Wakilai ta kada kuri'a don ayyana dokar ta-baci ta yanayi a Kanada. An aiwatar da manufofin rage sauyin yanayi da dama a cikin ƙasar, kamar farashin carbon, cinikin hayaki da kuma shirye-shiryen tallafin canjin yanayi.

 Fitar da iskar gas 
Sauyin yanayi ya samo asali ne daga hayaki mai gurbata yanayi, wanda ayyukan mutane ke samarwa. Kanada ita ce kasa ta 7 mafi girma a duniya mai fitar da iskar gas a cikin bayanan Inventory na GHG, kamar na 2021.Canada, Environment and Climate Change (July 12, 2021). "Government of Canada confirms ambitious new greenhouse gas emissions reduction target". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022. A cikin 2020, Kanada ta fitar da jimillar tan miliyan 678 na carbon dioxide daidai (Mt CO2eq) cikin yanayi. Wannan yana wakiltar raguwa daga 1.8% na hayaƙin duniya (730 Mt CO2eq) a cikin 2005 zuwa 1.5% a 2020, amma duk da haka ya karu daga 602 Mt CO2eq a 1990. A cikin 2022, fitar da GHG na Kanada ya kasance 708 Mteq, har yanzu yana ƙasa da hayaƙin da aka riga aka yi (2019), amma haɓakar 9.3 Mt (1.3%) idan aka kwatanta da 2021. Cibiyar Yanayi ta Kanada ta ba da rahoton raguwar kusan kashi 1% na hayaki a cikin 2023, galibi saboda sassan wutar lantarki da gidaje. Sabanin haka, hayakin mai da iskar gas da sufuri ya ci gaba da hauhawa.Canada, Environment and Climate Change (July 12, 2021). "Government of Canada confirms ambitious new greenhouse gas emissions reduction target". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.

Kayan aikin Binciken Yanayi na WRI ya yi kiyasin cewa, tsakanin 1950 da 2000, Kanada tana da mafi girman hayakin iskar gas ga kowane ɗan ƙasa na kowace ƙasa ta farko ta duniya. A cikin 2020, a cikin dukkan ƙasashen G20, Kanada ita ce ta biyu bayan Saudi Arabiya don fitar da iskar gas ga kowane mutum.

Kanada tana ɗaya daga cikin bashin sauyin yanayi mafi nauyi a duniya, tare da dogon tarihin samar da hayakin iskar gas na masana'antu. Kamar yadda na 2021 Kanada ita ce ta 10th mafi nauyi mai fitarwa kamar yadda aka kimanta ta matakan rage amfani da ƙasa na tushen, tare da 2.6% na yawan hayaƙi. Ton biliyan 65.5 na Carbon na Kanada yana zuwa daidai daidai da amfani da albarkatun mai da kuma saran gandun daji da amfani da filaye.

 Amfanin makamashi 
Amfani da wutar lantarki a Kanada a cikin 2017 ya kai 74 carbon dioxide daidai da Mt CO2eq, ko kashi 10% na hayaƙin ƙasar. Sawun yanayin wannan fanni ya ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda rufe yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki da ake amfani da kwal. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2017, kashi 81% na wutar lantarkin Kanada ana samar da su ne ta hanyoyin samar da makamashi da ba sa fitar da su, kamar ruwa, makamashin nukiliya, hasken rana ko iska.

Fossil fuels yana samar da kashi 19% na wutar lantarki ta Kanada, kusan rabin kamar kwal (9% na jimlar) da sauran cakuda iskar gas da mai. Larduna biyar ne kawai ke amfani da kwal wajen samar da wutar lantarki. Alberta, Saskatchewan, da Nova Scotia sun dogara da kwal na kusan rabin zamaninsu yayin da sauran larduna da yankuna ke amfani da kaɗan ko babu. Alberta da Saskatchewan kuma suna amfani da iskar gas mai yawa. Al'ummomin da ke nesa da suka hada da dukkan Nunavut da galibin yankunan Arewa maso Yamma suna samar da mafi yawan wutar lantarki daga injinan dizal, kan tsadar tattalin arziki da muhalli. Gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa wasu tsare-tsare don rage dogaro da wutar lantarki ta man diesel.Vote Detail - 1366 - Members of Parliament - House of Commons of Canada". Our Commons. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved February 6, 2025

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Category: Canjin Yanayi