Gicciyewa

Gicciwa hanya ce ta hukuncin kisa inda ake ɗaure wanda aka yankewa hukunci ko ƙusa a kan babban giciye na katako, katako ko gungume kuma a bar shi a rataye shi har mutuwa ta ƙarshe.   An yi amfani da shi azaman azabtarwa ta Farisa, Kartaginians, da Romawa,  da sauransu. An yi amfani da gicciye a wasu ƙasashe kwanan nan kamar karni na 21. 

giciye na Yesu yana da mahimmanci ga Kiristanci Granger Cook, John (2018). "Cross/Crucifixion". In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J. J.; Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (eds.). Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00000808. ISSN 2589-7993. kuma gicciye (a cikin Roman Katolika yawanci ana nuna shi tare da Yesu da aka ƙusa a ciki) alama ce ta addini ta Kiristanci. Mutuwarsa ita ce mafi kyawun misali na gicciye a tarihi, wanda hakan ya haifar da al'adu da yawa a duniyar zamani don haɗa hanyar kisa kusa da Yesu da kuma ruhaniya ta Kirista. Sauran adadi a cikin Kiristanci an yi imanin cewa an gicciye Yesu, gami da Saint Peter, wanda al'adar Cocin ta ce an gicciye shi da fuska, da Saint Andrew, wanda al-adar Cocin ke cewa an gicciyen shi a kan Gicciye mai siffar X. A yau, ƙayyadaddun adadin Kiristoci da son rai suna fuskantar gicciye ba tare da mutuwa ba a matsayin aikin ibada.

 Kalmomin 
Tsohon Girkanci yana da kalmomi guda biyu don gicciye:  (  ), daga  (wanda a cikin Hellenanci na zamani kawai yana nufin " giciye " amma wanda a zamanin da ana amfani dashi don kowane nau'i na katako, mai nunawa ko maras kyau, danda ko tare da haɗe-haɗe) da  (  ) "a gicciye akan katako",  tare da  (  " girgiza "). A cikin rubutun Helenanci kafin Romawa na farko  yawanci yana nufin "girgiza".   

Hellenanci da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Kirista yana amfani da kalmomi huɗu, uku daga cikinsu bisa  (  ), yawanci ana fassara "giciye". Kalmar da aka fi sani shine  (  ), "don gicciye", yana faruwa sau 46;  (  ), "don gicciye tare da" ko "tare" yana faruwa sau biyar, yayin da  (  ), “sake gicciye” ya bayyana sau ɗaya kawai a Wasiƙar Ibraniyawa 6:6 .  (  ), “domin gyara ko ɗaure shi, gicciye, gicciye” ya faru sau ɗaya kawai, a Ayyukan Manzanni.

Kalmar Turanci giciye ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin ,  wanda ke nufin itace ko kowane gini na itace da aka yi amfani da shi don rataye masu laifi a matsayin hanyar kisa. Kalmar daga baya ta zo ne don komawa musamman ga gicciye. Kalmar da ta danganta crucifix ta samo asali ne daga Latin  ko , wanda ya wuce na  ko , ma'ana "don gicciye" ko "don ɗaure zuwa gicciye".   

 Bayani 

 Siffar giciye 

A cikin Daular Romawa, gibbet (kayan kisa) don gicciye ya ɗauki siffofi da yawa. Seneca the Younger ( 4 BC-65 AD) ya ce: "Ina ganin gicciye a can, ba kawai na wani nau'i ba amma an yi su ta hanyoyi daban-daban: wasu suna da wadanda aka azabtar da su da kai zuwa ƙasa; wasu suna rataye sassan su na sirri; wasu suna miƙa hannayensu a kan gibbet. "  A cewar Josephus, a lokacin Siege na Sarkin sarakuna Titus na Urushalima (70 AD), sojojin Romawa sun rataye Yahudawa da yawa zuwa gicciye a hanyoyi daban-bayan nan. 

A wasu lokuta gibbet wani gungume ne mai sauƙi, wanda ake kira a cikin Latin crux simplex .  Sau da yawa, duk da haka, akwai giciye-ƙetare da aka haɗe ko dai a saman don ba da siffar T (crux commissa) ko kuma a ƙasa da saman, kamar yadda yake a cikin hanyar da aka fi sani da alamar Kirista (cruz immissa).  Hoton da ya fi tsufa na gicciye na Romawa yana nuna mutum a kan gicciye mai siffar T. Rubutun da aka samo a cikin wani taberna (gidan shakatawa na masu tafiya) a Puteoli, wanda ya kasance daga lokacin Trajan ko Hadrian (ƙarshen karni na 1 zuwa farkon karni na 2 AD). 

Marubuta a karni na 2 da suka yi maganar giciyen kisa sun kwatanta hannun gicciye a matsayin miƙe, ba a haɗa su da gungume ɗaya ba: Lucian ya yi magana game da Prometheus kamar yadda aka gicciye "a sama da kwazazzabo tare da miƙa hannunsa". Ya kuma ce siffar harafin Τ (harafin Helenanci tau ) na kayan aikin katako ne da ake amfani da shi don gicciye.  Artemidorus, wani marubuci na lokaci guda, ya ce an yi gicciye da ginshiƙai (jam'i) da ƙusoshi kuma an miƙa hannun gicciye.  Da yake magana game da giciye na kisa, Irenaeus (  ), marubuci Kirista, ya siffanta shi da haɗaɗɗen katako mai madaidaici kuma mai jujjuyawa, wani lokaci tare da ɗan tsinkaya a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya. "The very form of the cross, too, has five extremities, two in length, two in breadth, and one in the middle, on which [last] the person rests who is fixed by the nails" ( Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses II, 4).

Rubutun Sabon Alkawari game da gicciye Yesu ba su fayyace siffar wannan gicciye ba, amma rubuce-rubucen farko na baya sun kamanta shi da harafin T. A cewar William Barclay, domin tau yana da siffar daidai da crux commissa kuma yana wakiltar lamba 300, "duk inda ubanni suka zo a kan adadin 300 a cikin Tsohon Alkawari sun ɗauki shi a matsayin giciye na prefi na Kristi".  Misali na farko, wanda aka rubuta kusan ƙarshen karni na 1, shine Wasiƙar Barnaba,  tare da wani misali shine Clement na Alexandria ( c. 215). 

Justin Martyr (  ) ya ga giciyen Kristi da aka wakilta a cikin ƙetare tofi da aka yi amfani da shi don gasa ɗan ragon Idin Ƙetarewa . 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba