Dokar Quota ta Argentina

Dokar Argentina 24,012 ko  Argentina (Spanish: Ley de cupo) tana neman ƙara yawan mata a cikin gwamnati a Argentina, ta hanyar saita ƙididdigat don mafi ƙarancin wakilcin mata a kan kuri'un kowace jam'iyya a zaben majalisa. An kafa dokar ne a shekarar 1991, a lokacin shugabancin Carlos Menem, kuma ita ce dokar ƙididdigar jinsi ta farko da aka zartar a Latin Amurka. Bayan jagorancin Argentina, wasu kasashe goma sha ɗaya na Latin Amurka tun daga lokacin sun gabatar da ƙididdigar jinsi don ƙara wakilcin mata a matakin ƙasa.

 Bayyanawa 
Adadin 'yan majalisa mata da aka zaba a Babban zaben 1983 (zaɓe na farko bayan Tsarin sake tsarawa na kasa) ya kasance kadan. A shekara ta 1989, kungiyar Radical Civic Union ta gabatar da doka don tabbatar da wakilci mafi girma na mata kuma mata 'yan majalisa daga wasu jam'iyyun sun goyi bayan su. Bayan muhawara ta farko a watan Satumbar 1990, a watan Nuwamba 1991 yawancin Majalisar Wakilai sun zartar da lissafin. Shugaba Carlos Menem ya kuma amince da shawarar. Ya zama doka a matsayin gyare-gyare ga Dokar Zabe ta Kasa. Da farko, kawai matan da ba a yarda da su a cikin jerin jam'iyyun a cikin adadin da ake buƙata za su iya neman a kotu bin doka; an gyara shi daga baya don ba da damar kowane ɗan ƙasa ya zargi jam'iyyu waɗanda ba su bi adadin ba.

Dokar ta kafa adadin 'yan takarar mata ga kowace jam'iyya, wanda dole ne ya zama kashi 80% na jimlar' yan takara, kuma aƙalla ɗaya ga kowane suna na uku a cikin matsayi. Nasarar dokar ta samo asali ne daga halaye na tsarin zaɓe na Argentina. Jam'iyyun suna ba da jerin sunayen 'yan takara, tare da matsayi mai mahimmanci, kuma masu jefa kuri'a dole ne su jefa kuri'ar duk jerin jam'iyyar da aka ba su. Babban girman gundumar yana taimakawa.

 Sakamakon 
Dokar ƙididdigar ta yi babban tasiri. Majalisar Wakilai ta Argentina ta kaddamar da mataimakan mata 64 a 1995, 76 a 2001, da 93 a 2005. Adadin da suka dace sun kasance 24.9%, 30% da 36.2% na cikakken taron. Dokar ba ta fara amfani da ita a Majalisar Dattijai ta Argentina ba, wanda ya yi aiki tare da zaɓuɓɓuka na kai tsaye. Tsarin zaɓe na Majalisar Dattijai ya sauya zuwa zaɓen kai tsaye a cikin 1995, wanda ya haɓaka yawan sanatocin mata, waɗanda suka kai kashi 2.8% na majalisar dattijai a cikin 1995 da 33.3% a cikin 2001. A shekara ta 2007, kashi 33% na wakilai da kashi 24% na sanatoci a majalisar dokokin Argentina mata ne. Kodayake yawan mata a ofis ya karu, Elisa Maria Carrio (2012) ta lura cewa 'yan siyasa maza da ke mamaye jam'iyyun siyasa na Argentina galibi suna sanya sunan matansu ko wasu mata a kan kuri'u, tare da tsammanin za su sami iko kan ayyukan mata da zarar an zabe su.

Yawancin larduna na Argentina sun kafa irin waɗannan dokoki don zaɓen cikin gida, kowannensu ya dace da mahallin dokokin yankin su. Kowace lardin tana da majalisa ta lardin; tun daga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003, mataimakan mata sun kai kashi 27.9% kuma sanatocin mata sun kai 20.4% na majalisun lardin.

Bayan jagorancin Argentina, wasu kasashe goma sha ɗaya a Latin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka (Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Jamhuriyar Dominica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, da Peru) sun karɓi irin waɗannan dokokin ƙididdigar jinsi a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, tare da tasiri daban-daban akan rabon mata na kujerun majalisa.Htun, p. 118 Kasar ta goma sha biyu, Venezuela, ita ma ta karɓi dokar ƙididdiga, amma daga baya ta soke ta. A cikin zaben 2006, dokar quota a Ecuador ta ba da gudummawa ga kara yawan wakilcin mata a majalisar dokoki ta kasar daga 15% zuwa 25%. A Honduras, kafa dokar ƙididdiga ta taimaka wajen kara yawan mata na kujerun majalisa zuwa kashi 23% bayan zaben 2005, tun da yake ya kasance kashi 5.5% ne kawai a baya.

 Manazarta 

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