Jane Statham

Jane Statham (  1450/1455 - bayan 1537) magajiyar Ingila ce kuma mai neman sake fasalin doka.

An haife shi a farkon shekarun 1450, Jane ta kasance magaji ga gidan Morley a Derbyshire. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar mijinta na farko John Sacheverell a yakin Bosworth filin a 1485, Henry Willoughby na Wollaton ya sace Jane kuma ya auri ɗan'uwansa Richard. An mai da Jane ga danginta, kuma an soke aurenta na dole, bayan da ta roki Majalisar don taimako. Kwarewarta kusan ta haifar da sauyi ga doka a Ingila don mai da satar wata mace mai mallakar kadara a matsayin babban laifi. Daga baya a rayuwa, Jane ta zama Maɗaukakin Ƙarshe na Markyate Priory kafin a narkar da shi a cikin 1536.

 Rayuwa 
Jane Statham (wanda kuma aka rubuta a matsayin Joan Stathum) ta kasance magaji ga mahaifinta Henry Statham, ubangijin gidan Morley a Derbyshire, wanda ya mutu a ranar 30 Afrilu 1480. Mahaifiyarta ita ce matar farko ta Henry Anne Bothe ko Booth, 'yar Thomas Booth, Ubangijin Barton .  Ta kasance yayar lauya kuma dan majalisa Nicholas Statham .

Jane ta fara auren John Sacheverell, ƙaramin ɗan gidan Sacheverell na Hopwell.  Babban ɗansu kuma magaji, Henry, an haife shi a shekara ta 1475, kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza biyu (Ralph da John) da 'ya'ya mata biyar.   An kashe John a ranar 22 ga Agusta 1485 a Yaƙin Bosworth, suna yaƙi tare da Richard III a tuhuma ta ƙarshe akan Henry Tudor . Tagulla da ke nuna John, Jane da 'ya'yansu, da kuma rikodin cewa John ya mutu yana yaƙi don Richard III, an shigar da shi kimanin shekaru arba'in bayan mutuwarsa a Cocin Morley, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan na tunawa da ke magana game da asarar da aka yi a Bosworth.  

A matsayinta na gwauruwa da ɗan ƙarami wanda zai gaji gada daga ɓangarori biyu na iyali, Jane ta yi aure ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar mijinta a Bosworth ga William Zouche na Castle Eton da Hampton Meysey, maƙwabci na kusa kuma uban da ya dace da ɗanta.  Kafin a yi auren, a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1485, Jane ta yi kwanton bauna a kan tafiya tsakanin Hopwell (gidan surukanta Sacheverell) da Morley ta wata ƙungiya ta 100 masu dauke da makamai karkashin jagorancin Henry Willoughby na Wollaton, an ɗaure da ɗaya daga cikin maza a kan doki kuma aka kai su Warwickshire. Kokenta ga majalisa ya rubuta cewa Richard Willoughby, ƙanin wanda ya sace ta ne ya yi mata barazana, wanda "[ya yi] jin daɗinsa da ita kamar yadda yake so ba tare da cewa ta yarda da yarda ba" [wanda aka sabunta]. An tilasta mata aure tare da Richard a wani lokaci a cikin kurkuku.  

Sarki ya shiga tsakani inda ya nada mai sasantawa tsakanin iyalai (duba kasa) kuma aka samu damar raba auren. Jane da William Zouche sun yi aure a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1487.  Bayan mutuwar William Zouche, Jane ta shiga rayuwar addini. Ta kasance farkon Markyate Priory a Bedfordshire ta 1508, kuma da alama tana gudanar da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da kyau, ba tare da an sami rahoton cin zarafi ba yayin ziyarar.  Har yanzu ita ce ta farko a lokacin da aka narkar da fifiko a cikin 1536, kuma tana raye a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1537, lokacin da ta karɓi kashi na farko na fanshonta na maki 20.  

Maigidan Morley ya wuce zuwa ga magadanta Sacheverell, kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa dangin Sitwell . 

 Koke-koke na majalisa da gyara doka 
An aika da takardar koke da sunan Jane zuwa Majalisa ta farko ta Henry VII a watan Disamba na 1485.  Wataƙila ba ta fito kai tsaye daga Jane kanta ba saboda har yanzu tana hannun waɗanda suka kama ta. An nemi a ba da umarnin a mayar da Jane zuwa Morley a cikin kwanaki shida da aka ba da umarnin, cewa za a ci gaba da tsare Willoughbys ba tare da beli ba kuma a yi masa shari'a game da laifukan cin zarafi da fashi da makami a zaman na gaba na Bench na Sarki, cewa za su karbi hukuncin mai laifi idan an same su da laifi, da kuma hakkin Jane na tuhumar laifin cin zarafi, zama kurkuku da kuma fyade. Kazalika maganin Jane, koken ya nemi Sarki kamar yadda majalisar ta shawarce shi da cewa “[a guji yin watsi da] lahira... duk irin wannan cin zarafi, fashi da hargitsi da mu’amalar zawarawa da sauran mata” [an sabunta rubutun zamani]. 

A ranar 2 ga Fabrairun 1485/6, an buƙaci Henry da Richard Willoughby su kiyaye zaman lafiya kuma su sanya kansu a ƙarƙashin mai yanke hukunci mai zaman kansa. Sakamakon sulhun, wanda aka bayar a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1486, shine cewa "abin kyama" na Jane "wanda aka yi kama da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba" ga Richard Willoughby ya kasance narkar da shi a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kulla da William Zouche, kuma Richard da mahaifiyarsa Dame Margaret Leigh za su dauki nauyin. An kuma bukaci Willoughbys su biya maki 100 (£ 66 13s 4d) ga William Zouche, Ralph Sacheverell (surukinta) da Jane. A sakamakon haka, Jane za ta ba da damarta na yin ƙara da zarar an biya diyya.  Henry da Richard Willoughby ba su fuskanci wani takunkumi na sacewa ba, kuma Henry ya ci gaba da samun wadata a karkashin Henry VII, ana yi masa jaki a 1487 a yakin Stoke . 

A lokacin da aka yi garkuwa da Jane, doka ta ɗauki satar mace a matsayin cin zarafi na haƙƙin mallakar danginta— cin zarafi —maimakon cin zarafin matar. Wannan yana nufin al'amari ne na jama'a kuma ba dalilin da yasa aka yi barazanar shiga Crown a karkashin zaman lafiya ba. A dokokin canon, yarda da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin tursasawa ya isa ya lalata aure, amma hakan ba zai yiwu a aiwatar da shi a koyaushe ba, idan aka yi la'akari da yawaitar auratayya da kuma matsin lamba ga mata don yarda da zarar wani lokaci ya wuce. A cikin shari'ar Jane, wahalar tsarin shari'a na ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka nemi magani daga Majalisa, maimakon tafiyar hawainiya na neman adalci a kotunan doka. Cameron, A. (May 1978). "Complaint and Reform in Henry VII's Reign: the Origins of the Statute of 3 Henry VII, c.2". Historical Research. 51 (123): 83–89. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1978.tb01968.x. 

Akwai yuwuwar cewa shari'ar Jane, da roƙon da ta yi na neman a ɗauke ta da waɗanda suka sace ta a matsayin masu laifi, ya haifar da canjin doka a 1487.  Wani sabon doka, da  , mai suna 'Hanyar da za ta kawar da mata ba tare da yardarsu ba' ta yi garkuwa da auren dole (ko fyade) ga mata masu mallakar kadarorin ko masu gado don neman kudi laifi ne . Wadanda suka taimaka aka yi garkuwa da su ko kuma a daure su ma suna da laifi.  

 Manazarta 

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