Tsarin muhalli na duniya

Tsarin mahalli na duniya yana nufin ayyuka da ƙa'idodi masu daidaitawa dana duniya akan muhalli (sau da yawa a cikin nau'ikan yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa) game da kare muhalli.v Misalin dunkulewar muhallin duniya shine jerin yarjejeniyoyin Yarjejeniyar Katakai ta Kasa da Kasa (1983, 1994, 2006), kafa kungiyar katakai ta kasa da kasa da kuma inganta kula da gandun daji masu zafi.  Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da gwamnatocin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna goyon bayan haɓakar muhalli a duniya, amma gwamnatocin ƙasashe masu tasowa suna adawa da su, waɗanda ke ganin shirye-shiryen kare muhalli na kawo cikas ga ci gaban tattalin arzikinsu..

 Ma'anar da halaye 
Karl S. Zimmerer ya ayyana shi a matsayin "ƙaramar rawar da ake takawa a cikin cibiyoyin gudanarwa na duniya, tsarin ilimi da sa ido, da kuma dabarun da aka haɗa da nufin albarkatu, makamashi, da batutuwan kiyayewa."  Alan Grainger kuma ya rubuta cewa ana iya fahimtarsa a matsayin "ƙaramar daidaituwar sararin samaniya da gamsuwa a cikin ayyukan sarrafa muhalli na yau da kullun".  Steven Yearley ya kira wannan ra'ayi a matsayin "samar da damuwar muhalli ta duniya"https://oceanfdn.org/ha/yanayin-yanayin-bakin-teku-shine-layin-farko-na-kariya-daga-guguwa/. Har ila yau, Grainger ya buga wani binciken da Clark (2000) ya yi, wanda ya lura shi ne farkon maganin wannan ra'ayi, kuma ya bambanta sassa uku na haɗin gwiwar muhalli: "gudanar da makamashi na duniya, kayan aiki da kwayoyin halitta; tsarawa da kuma yarda da duniya game da muhallin duniya; da kuma kula da muhalli" (gidan yanar gizo mai girma na cibiyoyi da suka shafi yanayin duniya). 

Duniyar muhalli tana da alaƙa da tattalin arzikin duniya, kamar yadda Ci gaban tattalin arziki a kan sikelin duniya yana da tasirin muhalli a kan irin wannan sikelin, wanda ke damuwa da kungiyoyi da mutane da yawa. Duk da yake tattalin arzikin duniya yana da tasirin muhalli, bai kamata a rikita waɗannan tasirin da manufar duniya ta muhalli ba. A wasu fannoni, hada-hadar muhalli tana adawa kai tsaye da hada-hadari na tattalin arziki, musamman lokacin da aka bayyana ƙarshen a matsayin ƙarfafa kasuwanci, kuma na farko, a matsayin inganta shirye-shiryen kare muhalli waɗanda ke hana kasuwanci. Saboda wannan dalili, mai fafutukar kare muhalli na iya tsayayya da hada-hadar tattalin arziki, amma yana ba da shawarar hada-hadarewar muhalli.

 Tarihi 
Grainger ya tattauna cewa duniya ta muhalli a cikin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan shirye-shiryen kare muhalli. A cewarsa, ana iya samun masu gabatarwa ga duniya ta muhalli ta zamani a zamanin mulkin mallaka na kimiyya (bincike kan yadda za a ƙirƙiri da dawo da gandun daji).  Shirye-shiryen zamani da ke ba da gudummawa ga duniya ta muhalli sun haɗa da Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1972 kan Muhalli na Dan Adam, ya fito ne daga bukatun Bankin Duniya na 1980s cewa ayyukan ci gaba suna buƙatar kare 'yan asalin ƙasar da kiyaye bambancin halittu. Sauran misalai na irin wannan shirin sun haɗa da yarjejeniyoyi kamar jerin yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Katako ta Duniya (1983, 1994, 2006).   Sabili da haka, ba kamar sauran manyan siffofin tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu waɗanda suka riga sun kasance masu ƙarfi a cikin karni na 19, duniya ta muhalli wani abu ne na baya-bayan nan, wanda ya fara da gaske ne kawai a ƙarshen rabin karni na 20. Hakazalika, Steven Yearley ya bayyana cewa a wannan lokacin ne Yunkurin muhalli ya fara shirya a kan sikelin kasa da kasa mayar da hankali kan yanayin duniya na batutuwan (an yi bikin Ranar Duniya ta farko a shekarar 1970). 

 Magoya baya da abokan adawar 
A cewar Grainger, hada-hadar muhalli (a cikin nau'ikan shirye-shiryen kare muhalli na kasa da kasa) yawanci kungiyoyi daban-daban masu zaman kansu  da gwamnatocin Kasashe masu tasowa ne ke tallafawa, kuma gwamnatocin Kasashe masu tasowa (Rukunin 77), waɗanda ke ganin shirye-shirye na kare muhaldi kamar yadda ke hana ci gaban tattalin arzikin su. Tsayayyar gwamnati ga duniya ta muhalli tana ɗaukar nau'i ko rikice-rikice na manufofi (wanda aka kwatanta da ƙasashe waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kare muhalli ta duniya kuma suka zartar da dokokin kare muhaldi na cikin gida, amma daga bisani ba za su tilasta su ba  ) da kuma juriya a cikin forums kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zuwa ayyukan da za su gabatar da ƙa'idodi masu ƙarfi ko sabbin cibiyoyin kare muhalzi a duk duniya (kamar adawa da yarjejeniyar da aka rage daga yarjejeniyar gandun daji a lokacin taron koli na Duniya a shekarar 1992, wanda a ƙarshe aka rage shi daga ɗaure zuwa ka'idojin da ba).

Har ila yau, an soki Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya kamar yadda ta mayar da hankali kan hada-hadar tattalin arziki (bayar da cinikayya) kan damuwa game da kare muhalli, wanda ake gani yana hana cinikayya. Steven Yearley ya bayyana cewa bai kamata a bayyana WTO a matsayin "mai adawa da muhalli ba", amma shawarwarinsa suna da babban tasiri ga muhalli a duk duniya, kuma sun dogara ne da damuwa da tattalin arziki, tare da damuwa da muhallar da ake ba da nauyi na biyu.

 Dubi kuma 

 Yanayi na halitta
 Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
 Addinin duniya
 Canjin carbon
 Rashin muhalli
 Kungiyoyin muhalli na kasa da kasa (category) 
 Tunanin gurɓataccen wuri
 Tseren zuwa kasa