Kudin yanayi a Kamaru

Kudin yanayi a Kamaru ya ƙunshi cakuda Shirin Zuba Jari na Gida (FIP), da na cikin gida, da kuma kudade na duniya don dorewar canjin yanayi, sarrafawa, da juriya. Kamar yadda aka gina Kamaru a yankunan bakin teku tare da mafi girman haɗarin mutuwar ambaliyar ruwa, albarkatun tattalin arzikinta na noma, wanda kashi 60% na yawan jama'arta suka dogara, suna girgiza. Wannan yana jawo hankalin batun kudi na yanayi don ceton rayuwa da tsaro. A cewar Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) , kasashe suna buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi don burinsu na yanayi fiye da yadda za su iya samu a cikin gida. Har ila yau, ya ba da rahoton cewa a cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi masu yawa tare da muhimmiyar gudummawar tarihi ga canjin yanayi sun himmatu ga tara dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara ta 2020 don tallafawa ayyukan yanayi a ƙasashe masu karamin kuɗi.

Don haka, a cikin ƙasashen Afirka kamar Kamaru, kudaden yanayi sun zama muhimmiyar hanyar samun kuɗi don sarrafa rikicin yanayi. Rahoton daga UNDP ya bayyana cewa kashi 50 cikin 100 na kudaden rage kudade da aka gano a Afirka tsakanin 2011- 2021 ya fito ne daga MDBs ($ biliyan 37) da kashi 45 cikin 100 daga kafofin biyu ($ biliyan 33.47).  Ya kamata a tuna cewa Kamaru ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Methane ta Duniya don rage hayakin methane na duniya da akalla kashi 30% daga matakan 2020 zuwa 2030. Rahoton Bankin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi da Ci Gaban (CCDR) a Kamaru ya kiyasta asarar GDP zuwa kashi 4 zuwa 10 cikin dari a cikin mafi munin yanayi a shekarar 2050 idan ba a dauki mataki ba. Alamar ita ce canjin yanayi zai kara ma'aunin bukatun biyan kuɗi kuma yana buƙatar sararin kuɗi.

Kamaru tana fuskantar kalubale a cikin rage kudaden yanayi. Binciken da Lueong da Suiven suka gudanar kan zurfin fahimta da ilimi game da kayan aiki daban-daban, tasiri, da ƙalubalen da ke shafar kudaden yanayi a Kamaru, sun ba da rahoton hanyoyin samar da kudade daban-daban. Wani bincike ya bayyana cewa babban ƙalubalen Kamaru shine rashin isasshen albarkatun kuɗi don rage canjin yanayi.

 Kudin gwamnati na yanayi a Kamaru 
Da farko, Kamaru ba ta haɗa da kudade ko hanyoyin da suka dace a cikin kasafin kudin ta ba. Rahoton Yanayi da Ci Gaban Kasar (CCDR) ya bayyana cewa mutane miliyan biyu (kashi tara na yawan mutanen Kamaru) suna zaune a yankunan da fari ya shafa, kuma kusan kashi takwas na GDP na kasar yana da rauni, don haka, yana yin hanyar da za a iya hadawa da sauri, ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa daga masu ruwa da tsaki. Kokarin shine ya ceci yawan talauci wanda ake sa ran zai kasance kusan kashi 15 cikin dari a cikin 2050. Hakanan ana ganin wannan sama da burin duniya na kashi uku cikin dari.

Kamaru tana da saka hannun jari na CIF ta hanyar Shirin Zuba Jari na dazuzzuka (FIP) wanda ya tsara ayyukanta don rufe daidaitawa da ƙoƙarin ragewa, ƙara yawan hannun jari na carbon da maido da wuraren da suka lalace. Gwamnati ta kafa FEICOM: Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Ruwa ta Jama'a a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1974. Ya zama gwamnati don ci gaban gida na kudade don yanayi. An ba da izinin samun damar Green Climate Fund (GCF) a Kamaru. FEICOM ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimta tare da Alkawari na Mayors a Afirka ta Kudu (CoM SSA) don tallafawa kananan hukumomin Kamaru don rage canjin yanayi da samun damar samun kudade.

Koyaya, wata sanarwa ta ICLEI Afirka a cikin 2024, ta bayyana cewa "kasa da kashi 3% na kudaden yanayi suna gudana zuwa Afirka. " Rahoton ya yi kira ga kananan hukumomi da gwamnatocin birane su kasance wani ɓangare na yanke shawara game da yadda ake kashe kudaden yanayi, musamman, yayin da ake jin tasirin a yankunansu.  Saboda haka ƙungiyar aikin BRIDGE ta ɗauki dakin gwaje-gwaje na ilmantarwa a Yaoundé (Kamaru) don horar da masu bincike, ƙauyuka da aka zaɓa, sama da masu ba da ilimi 30, da wakilan Asusun Musamman don Kayan aiki da Harkokin Kasuwanci (FEICOM). Gwamnatin kasa tare da abokan fasaha da na kudi suma sun kasance wani ɓangare na horo. Horarwar ta haɗa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan layi da na jiki.

 Masu ba da kuɗi na duniya 
A cikin 2024, Kamaru ta sami tsari na Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) daga Hukumar Zartarwa ta Duniya (IMF). Wannan kuɗin ya kai dala miliyan 183.4 a cikin musayar. Wannan an yi shi ne don ba da gyare-gyare ga wasu kudade masu tsada da kuma ƙarfafa wasu masu ruwa da tsaki su tallafawa da kudaden su wajen adana kalubalen yanayi na Kamaru. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin 2021 IMF ta tsawaita Cibiyar Ba da Lamuni da Asusun Ba da Lammiyar Kamaru tare da SDR miliyan 483 daidai da US $ 689.5 don tallafawa shirin sake fasalin tattalin arziki da kudi na kasar.

A cikin 2023 IMF ta kammala Bincike na Biyar na Extended Credit Facility (ECF) da kuma Extended Fund Facility (EFF) shirye-shiryen zuwa Kamaru tare da biyan kusan dala miliyan 73.8. Wannan ya taimaka wa shirin sake fasalin tattalin arzikin Kamaru ya inganta canjin tsari, haɓaka ci gaba da juriya, da haɗa ajanda na yanayi a cikin tsarin ma'aikata da kasafin kuɗi.

Hakazalika a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Ƙungiyar Bankin Raya Afirka ta amince da rancen Yuro miliyan 203.11 ga Kamaru. Za a yi amfani da wannan don Ci gaban Amfani da Ƙasa da Inganta aikin Sashin Masu zaman kansu a yankin Far North. A karkashin wannan aikin, Tarayyar Turai ta kuma goyi bayan tallafin Yuro miliyan 30 daga Asusun Amincewa da Infrastructure na EU-Africa don ba da damar ƙasar ta zama cibiyar ci gaba mai ɗorewa da ɗorewa a yankin.

A cikin 2021 gwamnatin Amurka tana da jerin tallafi don rage sauyin yanayi a Afirka ciki har da Kamaru. Wadannan sun hada da dala miliyan 1.1 don tallafawa sauyin yanayi a cikin Dja-Odzala-Minkébé Landscape a Gabon, Jamhuriyar Kongo, da Kamaru. Har ila yau, Amurka ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 60 ga Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya (GEF) wanda Bankin Raya Afirka ya aiwatar a matsayin albarkatu a cikin Tafkin Chadi ciki har da Kamaru. Wannan shine don inganta kiyaye ruwa da yanayin gandun daji, ingancin makamashi da tsaro na abinci a yankin.

 Yarjejeniyar Paris 
Tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris a cikin 2015 ya haifar da damar kare canjin yanayi don Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban (SDGs), ci gaban tattalin arziki da inganta hanyoyin rayuwa. Kamar yadda yarjejeniyar ta nuna gudummawar da aka ƙayyade ta ƙasa (NDCs) na dabarun ƙasar kan gina juriya, Kamaru ta gabatar da kayan aikinta na tabbatarwa game da mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi. Har ila yau, ta kafa National Determined Contribution (NDC) tare da abokan hulɗa na ci gaba da tallafawa kokarin duniya don sarrafa canjin yanayi. A taron COP21, shugaban Kamaru Paul Biya ya bayyana cewa, "ya zama dole a tsara jadawalin kuɗi don tabbatar da cewa abokan hulɗa a cikin yarjejeniyar sun cika alkawuransu".

 Manazarta 

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