Tsarin PTAA GMB

PTAAGMB (Ruwa-Talima-Yankin-Altitude Glacier Mass Balance) 

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 
Ana amfani da samfurin PTAAGMB don lissafin ma'aunin ma'auni na kankara, babban mai nuna lafiyarta, kuma yana shirya canje-canje ga ma'auninta a tsawon lokaci don hango makomarta.

An haɓaka shi a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ta hanyar masanin ilimin kankara Wendell Tangborn, samfurin PTAAGMB yana ba da sauƙin sauƙin kuma abin dogaro ga aikin ƙalubale na auna kankara ta hannu ta amfani da ramukan dusar ƙanƙara da katako.

Misali na PTAAGMB kawai yana buƙatar bayanai daga hazo da zafin jiki (PT) kallo daga tashoshin yanayi na kusa da kuma rarraba yankin-tsawo (AA).

 Daidaitaccen Girma da Canjin Yanayi 
Glaciers suna da matukar damuwa ga canje-canje na minti daya a cikin yanayi kuma suna amsawa ta hanyar canza girman su da kuma ci gaba ko komawa baya. Ma'auni mai yawa, ko bambancin tsakanin tarin dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙara da raguwar kankara, yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar kankara da rayuwarta. Columbia Glacier a Alaska babban dutse ne na ruwa wanda ya fara raguwa sosai a cikin shekarun 1970s saboda sauye-sauyen yanayi kuma ya fara fitar da yawancin kankara a cikin Prince William Sound. Wadannan kankara ne ke da alhakin zubar da mai mai mai a shekarar 1989 lokacin da kyaftin din mai ya yi kokarin kauce musu kuma ya fadi.

 Yankin-Altitude Rarraba 
Maɓallin samfurin PTAAGMB shine rarraba yankin-tsawo na kankara, wanda shine kawai yankin kankara a matsayin aikin tsawo. Bayanan AA alama ce ta musamman ta kankara wanda dubban shekaru na rushewar dutsen da ke ƙarƙashin kankara ya tsara shi. Don haka, rarraba tsawo na yankin ya saka a ciki tarihin yanayi na baya wanda ya kafa kankara.

Misali na PTAAGMB yana amfani da dabi'u na yau da kullun na irin waɗannan masu canji na ma'auni kamar tsawo na dusar ƙanƙara, ma'aunin ma'aikatar, ma'amala da kuma yawan yankin tarawa suna da alaƙa a duk lokacin ablation ta amfani da koma baya na digiri biyu don samun kuskuren da ya fi dacewa. Lokacin da aka sami mafi ƙarancin matsakaicin kuskure (ko matsakaicin R2), ana ɗaukar ma'aunin da aka samar da sauran masu canji na ainihi. Ana amfani da dabarar ingantawa mai sauƙi don ƙayyade ƙimar ƙimar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin algorithms don canza abubuwan lura na yanayi zuwa tarin dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙara da ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta.

 Aikace-aikacen Gishiri 
An yi amfani da samfurin PTAAGMB cikin nasara a kan kan kankara da yawa a sassa daban-daban na duniya: a Amurka, kankara na Alaska Bering, Gulkana, Lemon Creek, Mendenhall, Wolverine da Wrangell Range; a Jihar Washington, a kan Kudancin Cascade Glacier; a Turai, kan kan kan kan dutsen Austrian Hintereisferner, Kesselwanferner da Vernagt Ferner.

An ƙaddara ma'auni da runoff na Langtang Glacier a Nepal tare da samfurin PTAAGMB ta amfani da abubuwan lura na yau da kullun da aka lura a Kathmandu. Wannan shi ne kawai kankara na Himalayan wanda aka lissafa ma'auni da runoff.Mass balance and runoff of the partially debris-covered Langtang Glacier, Nepal, Tangborn. W. and Rana, Birbal, Debris Covered Glaciers, Proceedings of a workshop held in Seattle, WA.USA, September 2000, IAHS Publication no. 264, 2000.

 Ƙididdigar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙara 
Wani fasalin samfurin PTAAGMB shine ikon kimanta kaurin kankara daga saurin kwararar kankara da ma'aunin ma'auni. An gano matsakaicin kauri na Kudancin Cascade Glacier ya kasance mita 83 a cikin 1965, bisa ga saurin gudu da ma'auni. Ma'aunin zurfin rami na kankara ya sa daga baya ya yarda da wannan ƙididdigar.Mass balance, runoff and surges of Bering Glacier, Alaska, Tangborn, W. The Cryosphere, 7, 1-9, 2013

 Daidaitaccen Mass, Runoff da Ƙididdigar Hawan 
An lissafa ma'auni, runoff da surges na Bering Glacier tare da samfurin PTAAGMB ta amfani da lura da yanayi a Cordova da Yakutat, Alaska. Rashin girman kankara da aka auna tare da samfurin PTAAGMB ya yarda a cikin 0.8% na asarar da aka aunawa tare da hanyar geodetic. Runoff daga Bering Glacier (wanda aka samo daga simulated ablation da ruwan sama) yana da alaƙa da hudu daga cikin hawan kankara da suka faru tun daga shekara ta 1951.

 Kwatanta Hanyoyin Daidaita Jama'a 
Kwatanta ma'aunin ma'auni na kankara ta hanyar glaciological, hydrological da kuma taswirar hanyoyin sun nuna cewa kankara a ciki suna adana ruwa mai yawa.A Comparison of glacier mass balance by glaciological, hydrological and mapping methods, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, Tangborn, W, Krimmel, R., Meier, M, Snow and Ice Symposium, Proceedings of the Moscow Symposium, August, 1971: IAHS-AISH, Pub. No. 104, 1975. Ruwa da aka adana a cikin kankara yanzu ana ɗaukarsa mabuɗin fahimtar rushewar Antarctic da Greenland Ice Caps.

 Ƙarin Bayani 
Wani shafin yanar gizon tare da sakamakon PTAAGMB da aka ruwaito daga kankara daban-daban 9, 5 daga cikinsu an kwatanta su da ma'aunin hannu, ana iya gani a www.ptaagmb.com.

 Manazarta 

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