Guguwar Gretelle

Guguwar Tropical Gretelle guguwa ce mai kisa da ta mamaye kudu maso gabashin Madagascar a watan Janairun shekara ta 1997. Guguwa ta bakwai mai suna na 1996-97 Kudu maso Yammacin Tekun Indiya, Gretelle ta ci gaba a cikin Yankin Intertropical Convergence a ranar 19 ga Janairu, kuma a hankali ta kara tsanantawa yayin da take motsawa kudu maso yamma. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairu, guguwar ta kara karfi zuwa Yanayin guguwa na wurare masu rami yayin da take wucewa arewa maso yammacin Réunion; a can, Gretelle ta samar da iska mai karfi da ruwan sama mai yawa a yankunan tsaunuka. Daga baya, guguwar ta karfafa don isa saman Iska mai tsawo na minti 10 na  km / h (85 . A ranar 24 ga watan Janairu, Gretelle ta fadi a kusa da Farafangana, ta farko a yankin cikin shekaru 41. Guguwar ta raunana yayin da take tsallaka Madagascar, amma ta sake karfafawa dan kadan a cikin Mozambique Channel. Gretelle ta yi yawo daga bakin tekun Mozambique, ta kawo iska mai ƙarfi wanda ya rushe bishiyoyi, amma ya haifar da ƙananan lalacewa a kasar. Wani kwarin da ke gabatowa ya juya guguwar zuwa kudu maso gabas, kuma Gretelle ya ɓace a ranar 31 ga Janairu zuwa kudu maso kudu maso yammacin Madagascar.  

Lalacewar daga Cyclone Gretelle ya fi tsanani kusa da inda ya fadi a Madagascar. A ƙauyuka da yawa, sama da 90% na gine-ginen sun lalace, sun bar kusan mutane 80,000 ba tare da gida ba. Rashin iska a Farafangana ya kai  km / h (140 , wanda ya buga bishiyoyi a kan hanyoyi kuma ya rushe kimanin tan 138,000 na amfanin gona. Ruwan sama mai yawa da manyan raƙuman ruwa sun mamaye yankunan bakin teku, a wasu yankuna har zuwa zurfin   . An kiyasta lalacewar kusan dala miliyan 50 [nb 1], kuma akwai mutuwar 152. Bayan guguwar, an yi hadin gwiwar taimakon kasa da kasa don samar da abinci da kuɗi ga Madagascar.    

 Tarihin yanayi 
Yankin Intertropical Convergence ya haifar da rikici na wurare masu zafi a ranar 19 ga Janairu, yana haɓaka zagayawa a yammacin St. Brandon. A wannan rana, Météo-France a kan Réunion (MFR) ya rarraba Taron a matsayin rikici na wurare masu zafi, kuma Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadari (JTWC) [[[nb 3]]] ta fara saka idanu kan tsarin a matsayin Yankin matsin lamba kwana daya da ta gabata. Tsarin ya kara karfi a cikin Tropical Storm Gretelle marigayi a ranar 20 ga Janairu,  lokacin da JTWC ta ba shi sunan Tropical Cyclone 20S.  Saboda babban tudun da ke kusa da Île Amsterdam, guguwar ta bi gabaɗaya zuwa kudu maso yamma zuwa Tsibirin Mascarene. Da farko a ranar 22 ga watan Janairu, JTWC ta inganta guguwar zuwa daidai da guguwa mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma daga baya a wannan rana, MFR ta inganta Gretelle zuwa matsayin guguwa na wurare masu zafi, ko kuma tare da iskõki masu ɗorewa na minti 10 na akalla  km / h (75 . 

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya kai matsayin guguwa na wurare masu zafi, Gretelle ya sanya kusanci mafi kusa da Réunion marigayi a ranar 22 ga Janairu, ya wuce kimanin kilomita  (190  arewa maso yammacin tsibirin. Daga baya, guguwar ta samar da karamin ido,  kuma MFR ta kiyasta iska ta minti 10 na  km / h (85  a 0000 UTC a ranar 23 ga Janairu. A halin yanzu, JTWC ta kiyasta Gretelle ta ci gaba da karuwa zuwa matakin iska na minti 1 na  km / h (135  a 0600 UTC a ranar 24 ga Janairu, daidai da guguwa ta Category 4 a kan sikelin Saffir-Simpson. Daga baya a wannan rana, guguwar ta fadi a kudu maso gabashin Madagascar kusa da Farafangana kusa da tsananin ƙarfi. Rahotanni daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun dauki Gretelle a matsayin guguwa ta farko da ta mamaye yankin cikin shekaru 41. Gretelle da sauri ya raunana a ƙasa, ya fito cikin Tashar Mozambique a matsayin mummunan yanayi a ranar 25 ga Janairu. Ci gaba zuwa kudu maso yamma, bakin ciki ya sake karuwa ya zama guguwa mai zafi a ranar 27 ga Janairu.     

Bayan ya sake rami guguwa mai zafi, Gretelle ya ragu a cikin Mozambique Channel. Wani sanyi ya wuce guguwar zuwa kudu, kuma wani gini a bayansa ya juya Gretelle zuwa yamma-arewa maso yamma. Kodayake ya kusanci kudu maso gabashin Afirka a ranar 28 ga Janairu, wani ci gaba mai ci gaba ya juya guguwar zuwa kudu maso gabas. Kashegari, JTWC ta sake inganta Gretelle zuwa daidai da guguwa mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma a ranar 30 ga Janairu, MFO ta kiyasta iska ta minti 10 na  km / h (55 . Da yake hanzarta zuwa kudu maso kudu maso gabas, Gretelle ya ɓace a ranar 31 ga Janairu zuwa kudu maso yammacin Madagascar.

 Tasirin 
Yayinda yake wucewa arewacin Réunion, Gretelle ya zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa a gabashin da yammacin tsibirin. Fiye da awanni 48, ruwan sama ya kai kusan    a Commerson Crater, yayin da Mafate ya rubuta sama da   in). Gretelle ta samar da gusts na kimanin  km / h (62  a wasu sassan Réunion. A ƙarshen lokacinsa, guguwar ta haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa amma ta bar ƙaramin lalacewa a Mozambique,   wanda aka kiyasta a $ 50,000. Iska sama da 55 km / h (34 km / h) ta buge bishiyoyi kuma ta haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki a lardunan Gaza da Maputo. Jami'ai a Afirka ta Kudu sun ba da gargadi na ruwan sama da iska ga gabar arewa maso gabas.   

A Madagascar, Gretelle ta samar da iskar iska sama da  km / h (120  a Vangaindrano kusa da inda ta koma bakin teku,  kuma sama da  km / h ((140  a Farafangana. Har ila yau, guguwar ta zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa, kodayake ba a san yawan adadin ba saboda an lalata tashar meteorological a Farafangana. Ruwan sama mai yawa da manyan raƙuman ruwa sun bar mummunar lalacewa kusa da bakin teku,  suna wanke jiragen ruwa da yawa kuma suna haifar da koguna su cika. Ambaliyar ruwa a wasu yankuna ta kai zurfin   . Inda Gretelle ta fadi, yawancin gine-gine sun lalace ko sun lalace ban da waɗanda aka yi da kankare,  inda suka bar kusan mutane 80,000 ba tare da gida ba. Daga cikin gine-ginen da suka rushe sun hada da asibiti da kurkuku. Kimanin kashi 95% na gidaje a Vondrozo sun rushe, kuma a Farafangana, kashi 90% na gine-ginen gwamnati sun lalace. A kudancin Midongy da Vangaindrano, kusan kowane gini ya lalace. Gretelle ya lalata ko ya lalata gidaje 1,538 a Manakara.  

Rahotanni daga Red Cross sun nuna cewa Gretelle ita ce mafi tsanani a yankin "a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", tare da mutane da yawa da suka tsira daga hawan ruwa da iskõki ta hanyar "mannewa ga bishiyoyi". Guguwar ta kuma lalata tashoshin ruwa, layin wutar lantarki, da dubban hekta na amfanin gona, gami da ajiyar abinci. Shirin Abinci na Duniya ya kiyasta cewa Gretelle ya lalata tan 7,000 na shinkafa, tan 123,500 na cassava, da kuma tan 8,000 na amfanin gona, galibi ga kofi. Kimanin mutane 40,000 ne aka ware su makonni bayan guguwar a Befotaka da Midongy Sud, tare da hanyoyi da yawa da itatuwa da suka fadi suka toshe. Gabaɗaya, kimanin mutane 200 ne suka mutu ko kuma suka ɓace a Madagascar,  tare da tabbatar da mutuwar 152 da makonni biyu bayan guguwar,  82 daga cikinsu a Vangaindrano. The International Disaster Database daga baya ya lissafa 140 a matsayin jimlar mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da Gretelle. An kiyasta lalacewar guguwar a dala miliyan 50.Université Catholique de Louvain (2007). "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database for North America". Archived from the original on 11 August 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
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 Sakamakon haka 
Bayan mummunar lalacewa daga Cyclone Bonita a cikin 1996, gwamnatin Madagascar ta fara tsarin mayar da martani ga bala'i wanda aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin Gretelle; an sami amsawa cikin sauri amma kokarin ya sami cikas saboda lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da rushe sufuri. Guguwar ta yanke sadarwa a wasu yankuna, amma a ranar 29 ga Janairu, ko kwana biyar bayan sauka, an dawo da sabis na tarho zuwa Manakara. Bayan guguwar, gwamnatin Madagascar ta daidaita rarraba abincin shinkafa na gaggawa da sauran abubuwan taimako. A ranar 27 ga watan Janairu, gwamnati ta kaddamar da tara kudade a talabijin wanda ya tara sama da miliyan 130 (FMG, US $ 30,000).  Yankin kudancin kasar an ayyana shi yankin bala'i. Jirgin sama na kayan agaji ya tashi daga babban birnin Antananarivo zuwa Manakara a gefen kudu maso gabas, inda manyan motoci suka rarraba abubuwa zuwa yankunan da abin ya shafa. Wata tashar rediyo da ke waje da kasar ta soki jinkirin taimakon, tana mai nuna rashin jiragen ruwa bayan da aka lalata da yawa. Bugu da kari, akwai rahotanni cewa masu satar kayan aikin gwamnati ne suka sace.

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