Yanayin Pluto

Yanayin yanayi na Pluto ya shafi yanayin yanayi, yanayi, da kuma yanayin dogon lokaci a duniyar dwarf Pluto. An sanya yankuna biyar na yanayi a kan karamin duniya: wurare masu zafi, arctic, arctic na wurare masu zafi.  Wadannan yankunan yanayi an tsara su ne bisa ga iyakokin da aka bayyana ta hanyar taurari ko latitudes na sub-polar, waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da yaduwar yanayi a kan dwarf planet. Charon, wata mafi girma na Pluto, an kulle shi da shi, kuma saboda haka yana da tsarin yankin yanayi iri ɗaya da Pluto kanta.
Pluto jiki ne mai daskarewa, abu mafi shahara a cikin na a tsarin hasken rana. Yankin da farko ya ƙunshi e">methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), da carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide (CO) mai narkewa a cikin wadataccen sararin samaniya da rarraba. Kodayake Pluto karami ne idan aka kwatanta da taurari na yau da kullun, yana da yanayi, kodayake ya fi na Duniya ƙanƙanta. Ya ƙunshi yadudduka masu yawa na haze, yanayin ya ƙunshi galibi nitrogen (N2) tare da adadin methane (CH4) da carbon monoxide (CO).  Tsarin yanayi na dogon lokaci na jikin duniya (misali, Duniya) suna da alaƙa da precession axial da bambance-bambance a cikin obliquity  da kuma orbital eccentricity.  Koyaya, a cikin yanayin Pluto, ƙarancin ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙarancin tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙaranci tasiri a kan yanayin yanayi na duniyar dwarf fiye da bambancin ƙarancin. Sakamakon haka, an ƙaddara yankunan yanayi na Pluto bisa ga bambancin karkata kawai.

 Halaye da yankunan yanayi 
yankuna biyar ne na sauyin yanayi akan Pluto waɗanda aka ayyana su ta hanyar latitude sub-solar, [1] kowannensu yana da takamaiman iyakoki.  Duk da haka, kewayon latudu na yankunan yanayi suna faɗaɗa kuma suna raguwa don mayar da martani ga kewayon kewayon Pluto daga mafi ƙanƙanta 103° zuwa matsakaicin 127° sama da shekaru miliyan 2.8.[2][3].  Wannan yana nufin wasu yankuna suna da latitude na dindindin
An bayyana wurare masu zafi na Pluto a matsayin kewayon latitude inda Rana ta kai samansa, ko zenith, aƙalla sau ɗaya a lokacin da Pluto ke kewaye da Rana. Ta hanyar wannan ma'anar, wurare masu zafi sun shimfiɗa daga latitude na 60 ° N zuwa 60 ° S, saboda halin yanzu na 120 °. Koyaya, lokacin da karkata ta kai mafi ƙarancin darajar 103 °, wurare masu zafi suna fadada zuwa matsakaicin latitude daga 77 ° N zuwa 77 ° S. A wannan lokacin, wurare masu zafi sun rufe mafi yawan farfajiyar duniyar dwarf, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 97% na jimlar yankin.

Sabanin haka, lokacin da karkata ya tashi zuwa matsakaicin 127 °, kwangilar wurare masu zafi har zuwa mafi ƙarancin latitude daga 53 ° N zuwa 53 ° S. A wannan lokacin, wurare masu zafi kawai sun rufe kashi 80% na yankin duniya. Dangane da haka, 53 ° N zuwa 53 ° S latitude kewayon ana kiransa dindindin na wurare masu zafi na Pluto. Tun da yake wurare masu zafi na dindindin sun rufe akalla kashi 80% na yankin, yawancin yankin Pluto koyaushe yana cikin yankin zafi. Yankunan zafi na dindindin koyaushe suna karɓar hasken rana kai tsaye a kowane lokacin orbital na Pluto, kuma gabaɗaya, suna nuna mafi girman bambancin albedo.Stern, S. A.; Bagenal, F.; Ennico, K.; Gladstone, G. R.; Grundy, W. M.; McKinnon, W. B.; Moore, J. M.; Olkin, C. B.; Spencer, J. R.; Weaver, H. A.; Young, L. A. (2015-10-16). 

An bayyana yanayin arctic na Pluto a matsayin latitude range wanda, a lokacin daya orbit, yana fuskantar hasken rana mai ci gaba a lokacin bazara da kuma duhu mai ci gaba da lokacin hunturu. Yankunan arctic na dindindin na dwarf duniya sun kasance daga 90 ° N zuwa 37 ° N a arewacin arewa kuma daga 90 ° S zuwa 37 ° S a kudancin kudancin. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan yankuna biyu na arctic sun rufe kusan kashi 40% na yankin duniyar dwarf. Bayanan tsarin mulki na Pluto ya nuna cewa yankunan arctic na dindindin suna tare da N2-mai arziki surface. Tsawon lokaci na ci gaba da hunturu, yawanci yana da fiye da ƙarni guda, ana fuskantar shi ta yankunan arctic na dindindin a kowane lokacin Pluto na shekaru 248 a kan sake zagayowar shekaru miliyan 2.8.

Saboda bambancin da ke cikin juyawa na Pluto, yankunan arctic suma suna fadadawa da kwangila akan sake zagayowar oscillation. Tare da halin yanzu na 120 °, yankunan arctic sun kai daga 30 ° N zuwa 90 ° N a arewacin arewa, yayin da yake 30 ° S zuwa 90 ° S a kudancin kudancin. Wadannan yankuna biyu na arctic tare sun rufe kashi 50 cikin 100 na jimlar yankin Pluto. Matsakaicin latitude na arctic ya kai ga latitudes na kusa da 13 ° N da 13 ° S lokacin da karkata ya sauka zuwa mafi ƙarancin 103 °. A wannan lokacin, da'irorin arctic sun rufe kusan kashi 78% na jimlar yankin. Babban karkatawar da aka haifar a cikin bambance-bambance na latitude a cikin yankunan arctic da ke kaiwa zuwa yankunan kusa da ma'auni yana nuna cewa ana karɓar matsakaicin adadin insolation a sanduna.

An bayyana yankin yanayi na rana na Pluto a matsayin kewayon latitudinal inda zagaye na rana da dare ke faruwa ga kowane juyawa a duk shekara ta orbital. Babban ma'auni da sake zagayowar oscillation suna yin wani karamin latitudinal band yana fuskantar zagaye na rana. Pluto yana fuskantar mafi ƙanƙanta na yankin rana lokacin da karkata ya sauka zuwa mafi ƙarancin 103 °, wanda ya faru a kusa da ~ shekaru miliyan 0.8 da suka gabata. Wannan rukuni daga 13 ° N zuwa 13 ° S, wanda ya kai daidai a bangarorin biyu na ma'auni, ana kiransa yankin rana na dindindin. Yankin rana na dindindin ya rufe kashi 22 cikin 100 na jimlar yankunan karamin duniyar. Yankin yana fuskantar ci gaba da fitowar rana da faɗuwar rana ga kowane lokacin juyawa na Pluto na kwanaki 6.4 a cikin shekaru miliyan 10.

Yankin yanayi na yau da kullun na Pluto ya kai daga 30 ° N zuwa 30 ° S, wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 50% na jimlar yankin, saboda karkatawar axial na yanzu na 120 °. Yayin da karkatawar ke canzawa don tashi daga wannan darajar, yankin rana zai fadada zuwa matsakaicin daga 37 ° N zuwa 37 ° S (yana rufe jimlar yanki na 60%), wanda za a kai shi cikin kimanin shekaru 600,000. Yanayin wannan yanki yana da kusan daidaitattun faɗin duhu kuma ya ƙunshi yanki na mafi yawan bambancin albedo.Stern, S. A.; Bagenal, F.; Ennico, K.; Gladstone, G. R.; Grundy, W. M.; McKinnon, W. B.; Moore, J. M.; Olkin, C. B.; Spencer, J. R.; Weaver, H. A.; Young, L. A. (2015-10-16). 

 Yankin zafi mai zafi 
Yankin arctic na wurare masu zafi ya rufe yankuna masu haɗuwa da yankuna masu zafi da arctic. Wannan yanki na musamman na yanayi yana yiwuwa ne kawai a kan abubuwa waɗanda ke da kewayon karkata tsakanin 45 ° da 135 °. Tun da karkatawar Pluto ya bambanta tsakanin mafi ƙarancin 103 ° da matsakaicin 127 °, saboda haka yana da yankin yanayi na wurare masu zafi. Wannan babban karkata yana nuna cewa mafi yawan farfajiyar Pluto tana fuskantar yanayin zafi da arctic a kan sake zagayowar shekaru miliyan 2.8. Yankin arctic na wurare masu zafi ya haɗa da yankin da ke tsakanin yankuna masu zafi da arctic wanda ke tsakanin 13 ° N da 77 ° N da 13 ° S zuwa 77 ° S. A wannan kewayon latitudinal yankuna sun rufe kashi 75% na jimlar yankin. Koyaya, kamar oscillation na wurare masu zafi (tsakanin 53 ° da 77 ° latitude) da arctic (tsakaniraki 13 ° da 37 ° latitude), yankin arctic na wurare masu ɗorewa yana fadadawa kuma ya bambanta a yayin sake zagayowar. Sai kawai latitude kewayon tsakanin 37 ° da 53 ° a kowane hemisphere ya kasance mai ɗorewa a tsawon lokacin, sabili da haka, ana kiran waɗannan bands yankuna na dindindin na wurare masu zafi a kan Pluto (wanda ke rufe 20% na jimlar yankin). 

Matsakaicin girman yankin arctic na wurare masu zafi ya kasance tsakanin 13 ° da 77 ° latitude a duka kudancin da arewacin hemispheres (kuma yana rufe kusan 75% na jimlar yankin).  Tare da halin yanzu na 120 °, arctic na yau da kullun ya shimfiɗa daga 30 ° N zuwa 30 ° S wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 50% na yankin Pluto. Yankin arctic na wurare masu zafi shine yankin da ke fuskantar matsanancin yanayi kuma yana da kyau ga shimfidar yanayi na dogon lokaci (misali al-Idrisi Montes). 

 Yankin Polar 
Yankin Polar Pluto ya ƙunshi wuraren da Rana ba ta taɓa kaiwa saman zenith ba a kowane lokaci na lokacin kewayar duniyar dwarf a kan dukan zagayowarta.  Wannan yanki koyaushe yana fuskantar yanayin arctic, ba zai taɓa samun yanayi mai zafi ba, kuma koyaushe yana fuskantar mafi tsayin lokacin hunturu da lokacin rani a kowane juyi na Pluto.  Yankin polar yana da radius na 13° daga kowane sanda.[1]  Yankin ya kai daga 77°N zuwa 90°N kuma daga 77°S zuwa 90°S, wanda ya kunshi jimillar yanki na 3% na duniyar dwarf.  Yankunan da ke tsakanin 77° da 90° latitudes na kowane yanki ana kiransu yankunan yanayin yanayi na dindindin.  [1] Duk da haka, matsakaicin iyakar yankunan polar na iya wuce daga 53°N zuwa 90°N kuma daga 53°S zuwa 90°S tare da jimlar yanki na 20% na jiki.  A halin yanzu, yankunan polar sun shimfiɗa tsakanin 60 ° da 90 ° na arewaci da kudancin hemispheres (wanda ke rufe yanki na 13% na duniya).  Babban wata na Pluto Charon kuma yana da yankin iyakacin duniya wanda ya ƙunshi hular igiyaStern, S. A.; Bagenal, F.; Ennico, K.; Gladstone, G. R.; Grundy, W. M.; McKinnon, W. B.; Moore, J. M.; Olkin, C. B.; Spencer, J. R.; Weaver, H. A.; Young, L. A. (2015-10-16). 

 Haɗuwa da yanayin ƙasa 
Yankin rana a kan Pluto tsakanin 13 ° N da 13 ° S ba su taɓa fuskantar kowane lokaci na ci gaba da rani ko hunturu ba. Yankunan equatorial na Pluto galibi sun ƙunshi band mai duhu tare da iyakoki daban-daban. Wannan yankin duhu mai duhu ya yi daidai da yankin yanayi na dindindin a kan Pluto. Yankin da ke da tsawo a yankin rana ya kasance mai dumi sosai cewa ba zai iya zama tarko mai sanyi ba don mai saurin canzawa. Rashin kowane lokaci na duhu na hunturu na arctic kuma yana hana yiwuwar kama sanyi mai saurin gaske a cikin yankin da ke cikin rana mai tsawo.Earle, Alissa M.; Binzel, Richard P. (2015-04-01). Earle, Alissa M.; Binzel, Richard P.; Young, Leslie A.; Stern, S. A.; Ennico, K.; Grundy, W.; Olkin, C. B.; Weaver, H. A. (2017-05-01).  Sabanin haka, yankin ƙananan albedo a cikin yankin rana yana da mafi girman haskakawa ga hasken rana. Wadannan yankuna masu girma suna haskaka makamashi da aka sha da dare don kowane juyawa na duniya kuma suna zama tarko mai sanyi don mai saurin canzawa. Tsarin zafin jiki kusa da ma'auni (a cikin yankin rana) yana kula da bambancin albedo mai kaifi tsakanin yankuna masu haske da duhu.

Haɗin tsakanin rarraba abubuwan da ke (N2) da kuma yankunan yanayi yana da ɗan hasashe. CH4 an rarraba shi sosai a waje da Tombaugh Regio da Belton Regio, mai yiwuwa a latitudinal bands na iyakar arewacin Cthulhu.Grundy, W. M.; Binzel, R. P.; Buratti, B. J.; Cook, J. C.; Cruikshank, D. P.; Ore, C. M. Dalle; Earle, A. M.; Ennico, K.; Howett, C. J. A.; Lunsford, A. W.; Olkin, C. B. (2016-03-18).  Sabanin haka, N2 yana mai da hankali ne a cikin latitudes sama da 30 ° N daidai da yankin yanayi na arctic na dindindin wanda ya kai daga 37 ° N latitude zuwa pole. Wasu yankuna a saman Pluto suna fuskantar yanayin zafi da na arctic tun lokacin da yankunan yanayi biyu ke juyawa don mayar da martani ga sake zagayowar karkata. Wani yanki mai mahimmanci ya fada ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi saboda sauye-sauyen yanayin yanayi. Tsarin Al-Idrisi Montes a 37 ° N latitude an yi hasashen cewa an kafa shi ne saboda yanayin yanayi na dogon lokaci a cikin wannan latitude. An dauki latitude na 37 ° N a matsayin latitude na iyaka wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da yanayi na wurare masu zafi (Sun sama) da arctic (tsuntsu mai duhu).

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