Tsibirin bruce

Bruce's Beach wani wurin shakatawa ne na bakin teku na Ba-Amurke a bakin tekun Manhattan a gundumar Los Angeles, California. Kadar, wacce ke kan titin 26th da Highland Avenue, mallakar Charles da Willa Bruce ne kuma ke sarrafa su don amfanin al'ummar baƙar fata lokacin da wariyar launin fata ta hana su jin daɗin damar da aka bayar a wasu rairayin bakin teku a yankin. Bayan an buɗe shi a cikin 1912, ya zama nasara kuma sanannen wurin baƙi ga Baƙin Amurkawa. A cikin 1924 majalisar birnin Manhattan Beach ta yi amfani da fitaccen yanki don rufe shi kamar yadda yankin da aka tsara za a sake gina shi azaman wurin shakatawa na jama'a.

Kayan, wanda aka samo daga dangin Bruce da sauran masu shi, ya kasance ba a haɓaka ba shekaru da yawa. Wani ɓangare na wurin an mayar da shi wurin shakatawa a cikin 1960s kuma a sake masa suna Bruce's Beach a shekarar 2007. A gina wurin ceton rai da filin ajiye motoci a kan fakitin bakin teku. A cikin shekara ta 2021, Hukumar Kula da Yankin Los Angeles ta kada kuri'a gaba daya don amincewa da mayar da yankin gundumar ga magada Charles da Willa Bruce. An kammala hadadden tsarin jigilar fakitin zuwa ga jikokinsu a cikin shekarar 2022. A cikin Janairun shekarar 2023 dangin Bruce sun sanar da shawararsu ta sayar da bakin tekun ga gundumar kan dala miliyan 20.

Tarihin farko

Bruce's Beach yana cikin Birnin Manhattan Beach akan Santa Monica Bay
Peck's Pier da Pavilion a bakin tekun Manhattan yanki ne na nishaɗi ga Ba'amurke Ba'amurke. A cikin 1912, Willa da Charles Bruce sun sayi wata kadara a yankin layin akan $1,225 daga dillalin gidaje na Los Angeles Henry Willard.[ "Parks and Recreation Commission Recommends Changing Park Name" sun kafa wurin shakatawa kuma suka sanya masa suna Mrs. Bruce."City Council wrap"] A kusa da yashi, sun gudanar da wani mashahurin masauki, cafe da gidan rawa. "History made: Bruce's Beach has been returned to descendants of Black family" gaban ya ba da damar yin amfani da bakin teku ga Baƙar fata, waɗanda ke da iyakacin damar shiga gaɓar jama'a. Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America sauran abubuwan jan hankali na bakin teku da ake samu ga Ba-Amurkawa sun haɗa da Peck's Pier da rumfar kan titin 34th, ["City Smart"  wani yanki na Tekun Jihar Santa Monica da ake kira "Rijiya ta Tawada", da Ƙungiyar Tekun Pacific a Orange County.

Yankin bakin tekun Manhattan ya kasance al'umma mafi yawan fararen fata kuma yunkurin Misis Bruce "ta keta wadannan iyakokin launin fata".L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present Yayin da yawan jama'ar Los Angeles ya karu kuma kimar dukiya ta karu a cikin 1920s, Baƙar fata a yankin sun sha fama da tashin hankali na kabilanci, kafin fitattun shari'o'in da birnin ya fara ya tilasta wa kulob din rufe.m"Parks and Recreation Commission Recommends Changing Park Name"

Yayin da wasu masana tarihi suka yaba George H. Peck (1856 – 1940), hamshakin attajiri kuma wanda ya kafa Manhattan Beach, saboda “buge” al’adar wariyar launin fata, "Parks and Recreation Commission Recommends Changing Park Name" Peck ya haifar da shinge don jagorantar baƙi daga cikin gari zuwa Tekun Bruce. Don isa ga teku, baƙi sun yi tafiya mai nisan mil mil a kusa da kadarorin mallakar Peck, wanda ya jera ta da alamun tsaro da alamun “Babu Ƙaddara”"Manhattan Beach was once home to Black beachgoers, but the city ran them out. Now it faces a reckoning"

Ƙarƙashin tunanin gina wurin shakatawa na birni, birnin Manhattan Beach ya karɓi ikon ƙasar daga dangin Bruce, kuma gine-ginen sun lalace a cikin 1927."Erasing a line drawn in the sand" "The Tragic History of L.A.'s Black Family Beach Havens" ] Birnin ya yi amfani da fitaccen yanki don samun kaddarorin da ke kewaye da su ciki har da wasu waɗanda mallakar baki ne"Bruce's Beach"  Ma’auratan sun kai kara kan dala 120,000, wanda ya hada da dala 35,000 na kowane kuri’a da kuma diyya $50,000.[1,"In California, a Case of Black Land Loss Is Finally Being Made Right" A cikin 1929 sun sami $14,500 sulhu. Wasu daga cikin kadarorin, gami da biyu daga cikin kuri'a na dangin Bruce, an tura su zuwa jihar a cikin 1948 don Tekun Jihar Manhattan. ]"LA County returns Bruce's Beach to Black family 90-plus years after Manhattan Beach took it" A cikin shekarun 1950, jami'an birnin sun fara damuwa cewa 'yan uwa za su iya kai kara don su dawo da filayensu sai dai idan an yi amfani da shi don manufar da aka samo asali. A cikin 1960s, kadarar, wacce ta kasance babu kowa shekaru da yawa, an sanya ta zama wurin shakatawa na birni da farko da ake kira Bayview Terrace Park, sannan Parque Culiacan. A cikin 1995, jihar ta tura wani yanki na ƙasar tare da fakitin Bruce zuwa gundumar Los Angeles, tare da sharaɗin cewa gundumar ba za ta iya canja wurin kadarar ba. Gundumar ta mallaki gabaɗayan shingen da ke iyaka da titin 26th da 27th, Manhattan Avenue da The Strand wanda aka yi amfani da shi don wuraren ceton rai da wurin ajiye motoci."Manhattan Beach was once home to Black beachgoers, but the city ran them out. Now it faces a reckoning"
"LA County returns Bruce's Beach to Black family 90-plus years after Manhattan Beach took it"

Gidan shakatawa na birni

Bruce's Beach yana arewacin Manhattan Beach Pier
A cikin shekara ta 2006 karkashin jagorancin magajin garin Manhattan Beach na Mitch Ward na farko kuma Bakar fata daya tilo da aka zaba, Majalisar Birnin Manhattan Beach ta yanke shawarar sake sunan wurin shakatawa, "don tunawa da fahimtar al'ummarmu cewa abokantaka, fatan alheri da mutunta kowa ya fara ne a cikin iyakokinmu kuma ya kai ga al'ummar duniya. An yi maraba da kowa." Bruce's Beach "City Council wrap"  "A deep tide of goodwill at Bruce's Beach"  "The History of Bruce's Beach, California" yayin wani taron da ke nuna "zurfin ra'ayi na alheri."[ "A deep tide of goodwill at Bruce's Beach"  ["The Tragic History of L.A.'s Black Family Beach Havens" ]
"The Tragic History of L.A.'s Black Family Beach Havens"
Wurin shakatawa yana kan wani tudu mai tudu da ke kallon teku kuma ya haɗa da filaye masu ciyayi masu ciyayi tare da benci da ƙananan bishiyoyi. Tana sama da Tashar Tsaro ta County, tsakanin titin 26th da 27th, kuma tana tafiya yamma daga Highland Avenue zuwa Manhattan Avenue."City Council wrap"

A ranar 19 ga watan  Yuni, shekara ta 2020, an gudanar da fikin tunawa da Yuniteenth a wurin shakatawa na bakin teku na Bruce. Kavon Ward, mazaunin Manhattan Beach, ya shirya taron don jawo hankali ga kwace ƙasar da birnin Manhattan Beach ya yi. "Bruce's Beach Juneteenth celebration sheds light on Black history in Manhattan Beach" A wurin taron, Ward ta shaida wa wani dan jarida cewa burinta shi ne ta yi amfani da manufar mayar da ƙasar ga dangin Bruce. A cikin makonnin da suka biyo baya, Ward ya kafa ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari Justice for Bruce's Beach. A watan Agustan shekarar 2020, Justice for Bruce's Beach ya gudanar da zanga-zanga da tafiya don ƙara yin amfani da matsin lamba na jama'a don mayar da ƙasar ga dangin Bruce."Justice For Bruce's Beach"

Ayyukan kungiyar sun matsa wa majalisar birni a cikin watan Oktoban shekarar 2020 don ƙirƙirar Task Force na Bruce's Beach, wanda ya ƙunshi mambobi 13."Manhattan Beach State of the City: Rallying to protect small beach town during the pandemic" Ba da daɗewa ba rundunar ta fuskanci adawa daga wata ƙungiya da ba a san sunanta ba, "Concerned Residents of MB." Ƙungiyar da ba a san sunanta ba ta biya tallace-tallace mai shafi biyu a cikin The Beach Reporter, da'awar cewa rundunar ta yi amfani da wariyar launin fata don "kama mulki. "Racial Reckoning: Manhattan Beach City Council stops short of issuing a Bruce's Beach apology"  "Manhattan Beach City Council Begins Work on Bruce's Beach Report; Disbands Task Force | Manhattan Beach CA - Manhattan Beach News - MB News"

Ana kiran wannan wurin shakatawa ne don tunawa da bakin tekun Bruce da kuma sanin shekaru ɗari na gaba na Manhattan Beach a matsayin birni na girmamawa da haɗawa.[27] Bikin na Yuni goma sha a cikin shekara ta 2021 ya jawo ɗaruruwan masu bikin zuwa wurin shakatawa na bakin teku na Bruce.[28] Majalisar Birnin Manhattan Beach City ta kada kuri'a a watan Maris, shekara ta 2022 don sake tabbatar da manufar da ta ke da ita don kar a ba da izinin halarta na musamman a Bruce's Beach Park.[29]

Komawa ga zuriyar Bruce
Janice Hahn, memba ne na Hukumar Kula da Yankin Los Angeles (LACBOS) ta ƙaddamar da tsarin gundumar a  cikin watan  Afrilu, shekara ta. 2021.[30] Holly Mitchell, Shugabar Shugaban gundumar Los Angeles kuma memba na LACBOS, wanda shi ma memba ne na California Legislative Black Caucus, shi ne marubucin marubucin motsi wanda ya haɗa da zaɓi ga gundumar don ko dai saya ko hayar ƙasar daga Bruces.[31] A ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2021, Masu Kula da Gundumar LA sun kada kuri'a gaba daya don amincewa da mayar da yankin gundumar inda tashar LifeGuard ta kasance ga zuriyar iyali.[32]

Saboda jerin canja wurin ƙasar, ƙuntatawa ya buƙaci gundumar Los Angeles don amfani da Tekun Bruce don nishaɗin jama'a kuma ya hana gundumar canja wuri ko siyar da kadarorin. A ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2021, Majalisar Dattijan Jihar California ta amince da wani doka da ke ba da izinin dawo da kadarorin ga zuriyar Bruces.[33][34] Yarjejeniyar doka ta jihar don kawar da wannan ƙuntatawa an zartar da ita a ranar 9  ga watan  Satumba, shekara ta 2021, [35] kuma Gwamna Gavin Newsom ya sanya hannu a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 2021.[36]

A watan Mayu shekara ta 2022, (LACBOS) ya tabbatar da cewa Marcus da Derrick Bruce su ne jikoki da kuma magada na doka na Willa da Charles Bruce.[31] Hukumar Kula da Gundumar Los Angeles ta kada kuri'a gaba daya a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2022, don mayar da fakitin bakin teku guda biyu ga dangin Bruce.[12][37]

A ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2023, jami'an gundumar Los Angeles sun tabbatar da cewa dangin Bruce sun yanke shawarar sayar da fili ga gundumar kan dala miliyan 20.[38]
Manazarta