Ruwan dutse

A cikin ilimin volcanology, dome na lava madauwari ce mai siffar tudu, wanda ya haifar da jinkirin extrusion na lava na danko daga dutsen mai aman wuta. Barkewar ginin gida ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, musamman a madaidaitan iyakokin faranti.  Kusan kashi 6 cikin 100 na fashewar fashewar abubuwa a duniya suna haifar da lava.  Geochemistry na lava domes na iya bambanta daga basalt (misali Semeru, 1946) zuwa rhyolite (misali Chaiten, 2010) kodayake yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin tsaka-tsaki (kamar Santiaguito, dacite - andesite, yanzu).  Siffar siffar kubba ana danganta shi da babban danko wanda ke hana lava yin nisa sosai. Ana iya samun wannan babban danko ta hanyoyi biyu: ta yawan silica a cikin magma, ko kuma ta hanyar zubar da magma ruwa. Tun da ɗigon basaltic da andesitic domes yanayi cikin sauri da sauƙi rabuwa ta hanyar ƙarin shigar da lava na ruwa, yawancin ɗakunan da aka adana suna da babban abun ciki na silica kuma sun ƙunshi rhyolite ko dacite .

An ba da shawarar wanzuwar lava don wasu gine-gine a kan wata, Venus da Mars,  misali saman Mars a yammacin Arcadia Planitia da kuma cikin Terra Sirenum .  

 Dome kuzarin kawo cikas 
Lava domes suna tasowa ba tare da annabta ba, saboda abubuwan da ba na layi ba wanda ke haifar da crystallization da fitar da iskar gas mai ɗanɗano sosai a cikin magudanar dome.  Domes suna fuskantar matakai daban-daban kamar girma, rugujewa, ƙarfafawa da yashwa . 

Lava domes suna girma ta hanyar ci gaban kubba na endogenic ko girma dome exogenic . Tsohuwar tana nufin faɗaɗa ƙwarƙwarar lava saboda kwararar magma zuwa cikin kubba, kuma na biyun yana nufin ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa na lava da aka sanya a saman kubbar.  Shi ne babban dankowar lava wanda ke hana shi yin nisa daga mashin da yake fitar da shi, yana haifar da wani siffa mai kama da kubba na lava mai ɗaki sannan ta yi sanyi a hankali.  Spines da lava flows ne na kowa extrusive kayayyakin na lava domes.  Gidaje na iya kaiwa tsayin mita ɗari da yawa, kuma suna iya girma sannu a hankali har tsawon watanni (misali dutsen mai aman wuta na Unzen ), shekaru (misali Dutsen Dutsen Soufrière ), ko ma ƙarni (misali Dutsen Merapi volcano). Gefen waɗannan gine-gine sun ƙunshi tarkacen dutsen da ba su da ƙarfi. Saboda yawan matsa lamba na iskar gas na tsaka-tsaki, ɓangarorin gidaje na iya fuskantar fashewar fashewar abubuwa a cikin lokaci.  Idan wani ɓangare na kubba na lava ya rushe kuma ya fallasa magma mai matsa lamba, ana iya samar da kwararar pyroclastic .  Sauran hadurran da ke da alaƙa da gidajen lava sune lalata dukiyoyi daga kwararar lava, gobarar daji, da lahar da suka taso daga sake tattara toka da tarkace. Domes na Lava ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan fasalulluka na tsari na yawancin stratovolcanoes a duniya. Lava domes suna da saurin fashe fashe masu haɗari da ba a saba gani ba tunda suna iya ƙunsar silica mai arzikin rhyolitic.

Halayen fashewar dome na lava sun haɗa da marar zurfi, dogon lokaci da kuma yanayin girgizar ƙasa, wanda ake danganta shi da wuce haddi na ruwa a ɗakin da ke ba da gudummawa. Sauran sifofi na kubba na lava sun haɗa da siffar kubba mai ɗaci, zagayowar girmar kubba na tsawon lokaci, da farawar tashin tashin hankali.  Za a iya amfani da matsakaicin adadin girma na kubba a matsayin maƙasudin ma'anar samar da magma, amma ba ya nuna wani tsari na tsari ga lokaci ko halaye na fashewar dome na lava. 

Rushewar kubba na lava na iya haifar da toshewa da kwararar toka . 

 Siffofin ƙasa masu alaƙa 

 Cryptodomes 
A cryptodome (daga Girkanci , , "boye, sirri") wani tsari ne mai siffar kubba da aka yi ta hanyar tarin magma mai danko a zurfin zurfi.  Misalai biyu na cryptodomes sune waɗanda ke haifar da fashewar 1956 na Bezymianny da fashewar 1980 na Dutsen St. Helens . A kowane hali, fashewar fashewar ta fara ne bayan cryptodome ya haifar da gefen dutsen mai aman wuta zuwa waje kuma ya haifar da rugujewar sashe, wanda hakan ya haifar da fashewar fashewar cryptodome na karkashin kasa.  

 Lava spine/Lava spire 
Lava spine ko lava spire girma ne wanda zai iya samuwa a saman dome na lava. Kashin baya na lava na iya ƙara rashin kwanciyar hankali na gindin dome na lava. Misali na baya-bayan nan na kashin baya shine kashin baya da aka kafa a cikin 1997 a Volcano na Soufrière Hills akan Montserrat.

 Lava coulées 
Coulées (ko coulees) gidaje ne na lava waɗanda suka ɗanɗana wasu kwarara daga matsayinsu na asali, don haka yayi kama da ɗakuna biyu da lava . 

Mafi girma da aka sani da kwararar dacite a duniya shine hadadden Chao dacite dome, wani katon dome na coulée tsakanin tsaunuka biyu a arewacin Chile . Wannan kwararar ta wuce  tsayi, yana da fayyace siffofi masu gudana kamar matsi da matsa lamba, da kwararar gaban  tsayi (layin duhu mai duhu a ƙasan hagu).  Akwai wani fitaccen maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a gefen dutsen Llullaillaco, a Argentina,  da sauran misalai a cikin Andes .

 Misalai na lava domes 
+Lava domesName of lava domeCountryVolcanic areaCompositionLast eruptionor growth episodeChaitén lava domeChileSouthern Volcanic ZoneRhyolite2009Ciomadul lava domesRomaniaCarpathiansDacitePleistoceneCordón Caulle lava domesChileSouthern Volcanic ZoneRhyodacite to RhyoliteHoloceneGaleras lava domeColombiaNorthern Volcanic ZoneUnknown2010Katla lava domeIcelandIceland hotspotRhyolite1999 onwards Lassen PeakUnited StatesCascade Volcanic ArcDacite1917Black Butte (Siskiyou County, California)United StatesCascade Volcanic ArcDacite9500 BPBridge River Vent lava domeCanadaCascade Volcanic ArcDaciteca. 300 BCLa Soufrière lava domeSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesLesser Antilles Volcanic Arc2021Mount Merapi lava domeIndonesiaSunda ArcUnknown2010Nea KameniGreeceSouth Aegean Volcanic ArcDacite1950Novarupta lava domeUnited StatesAleutian ArcRhyolite1912Nevados de Chillán lava domesChileSouthern Volcanic ZoneDacite1986Puy de DômeFranceChaîne des PuysTrachyteSanta María lava domeGuatemalaCentral America Volcanic ArcDacite2009Sollipulli lava domeChileSouthern Volcanic ZoneAndesite to Dacite1240 ± 50 yearsSoufrière Hills lava domeMontserratLesser AntillesAndesite2009Mount St. Helens lava domesUnited StatesCascade Volcanic ArcDacite2008Torfajökull lava domeIcelandIceland hotspotRhyolite1477Tata Sabaya lava domesBoliviaAndesUnknown~ HoloceneTate-iwaJapanJapan ArcDaciteMioceneTatun lava domesTaiwanAndesite648Valles lava domesUnited StatesJemez MountainsRhyolite50,000-60,000 BPWizard Island lava domeUnited StatesCascade Volcanic ArcRhyodacite2850 BC

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