Sauyin yanayi na Hungary

yanayi Hungary yana da alaƙa da matsayinta. Hungary tana a cikin gabashin Tsakiyar Turai, kusan daidai da Equator da North Pole, fiye da kilomita 1,000 (600  daga duka biyu kuma kusan kilomita 1,000 daga Tekun Atlantika.

Yanayinta shine sakamakon canje-canjen muhalli a lokacin Holocene Era da kuma sakamakon hulɗar manyan Tsarin yanayi guda biyu: Yanayin nahiyar da Yanayin teku. Ana jin tasirin waɗannan tsarin biyu a duk faɗin ƙasar a lokuta daban-daban, kuma yanayin yana canzawa akai-akai. Hungary tana da yanayi mai sanyi.

A cikin 2007, Hungary ta kasance ta shida a cikin ƙididdigar kariya ta muhalli ta Globalwatch da Climate Action Network . 

 Abubuwan da ke da tasiri 
Yanayin ƙasar Hungary yana da tasiri ta nisanta daga Tekun Atlantika da kuma iskar da ta mamaye yamma.  Halin nahiya na yanayin Hungarian ya yi nisa da kasancewa mai tsananin gaske kamar na Gabashin Turai.  Misali mai zuwa zai iya misalta darajar nahiyar: idan aka ɗauki Tekun Atlantika a matsayin sifili da Verkhoyansk a Siberiya a matsayin 100, to Sopron (Hungary ta Yamma), Putnok (Arewacin Hungary), da Tótkomlós (Kudu-Gabas Hungary) zai zama 27.3, 30.4 da 34, bi da bi.  [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Bacin rai na shiyyar mai zafi yana bin hanyar iskar yamma tana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin kasa.

Yanayin kasar a cikin yankin Yankin Carpathian Basin ma yana da mahimmanci. Duwatsun da ke kewaye da su suna canza tasirin iskõki da sauran ƙarfin yanayi da ke ci gaba zuwa ƙasar.

Yanayin Hungary yana rinjayar cibiyoyin aiki na dindindin guda biyu na yankin matsakaici, Icelandic Low da Azores High. Rashin lafiya da ya samo asali daga yankin Iceland yana tafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana kawo yanayin sanyi da ruwan sama. Lokacin da Azores ke samun karfin gaske, yanayin yana da haske kuma ya bushe, duka hunturu da rani. Baya ga na dindindin, akwai wani muhimmin cibiyar aiki na yanayi, Siberian High, wanda ke nuna tasirinsa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin hunturu, lokacin da iska mai sanyi a kan Siberia da Gabashin Turai ke motsawa a fadin tsaunukan Carpathian kuma ya zauna na ɗan lokaci a kan Karpathian Basin.

 Hasken rana 
Daga arewa zuwa kudu, Hungary ta bambanta da kusan digiri 3 na latitude. bambancin yanayi  kusurwar abin da ya faru na Hasken rana, sabili da haka, game da 3 °. Adadin shekara-shekara na fuskar ƙasar ya bambanta tsakanin 80 da 110  / cm  kJ / cm  in).

Kashe kashen yanayin rana na yanayi ya bambanta tsakanin kilocalories 70 a kowace santimita murabba'i (290 kJ/cm2; 450 kcal/sq in)  a lokacin rani da kilocalories 20 a kowace santimita murabba'i (84 kJ/cm2; 130 kcal/sq in)  a cikin hunturu.

Ya bambanta kadan ta hanyar longitude, daga 60 zuwa 70  / cm" data-ve-ignore="true">  kJ / cm2  in) [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] a yamma zuwa 100 zuwa 110 kcal /cm2  kJ /cm2 kcal / sq in) [Bayyanawa da aka buƙata] A kudu maso gabas.  

Matsakaicin sa'o'i na hasken rana ya bambanta tsakanin 1,700 da 2,100 a shekara (a Sopron, 1,700 hours, a Szeged, 2,068 hours). Matsakaicin duka biyun a watan Yuli ne.

Matsakaicin shekara-shekara na kwanakin da aka rufe gaba ɗaya ya bambanta tsakanin 70 da 190. Sa'o'i na ainihi na hasken rana - wato, duk wani hasken rana a rana - ya kai kusan rabin abin da zai yiwu - 46%.  (London, idan aka kwatanta, yana da kusan kashi 33 cikin 100 a shekara).

 Yanayin zafi 
Ko da a Hungary, zafin jiki ya fi zafi, alal misali, makwabciyar Austria saboda kudancin da ke gudana a kan Alps na Gulf Stream. Wannan aberration ko anomaly na iya zama kamar  ° C (4.5 ° F). Zuwa gabas, wannan yana raguwa sannu a hankali.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki a Hungary shine 8 zuwa 11 ° C (46 zuwa 52 ° F). Bambanci tsakanin arewa da kudu shine kawai  ° C (5.4 ° F) saboda karamin nesa tsakanin kudu da arewa. Misali, matsakaicin zafin jiki a Kudancin Ingila, Massif Central a Faransa, da Switzerland iri ɗaya ne, amma a Hungary, akwai matsananciyar yanayi daga bazara zuwa hunturu.

Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Hungary ya kasance  ° C (107.4 ° F) a Kiskunhalas a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2007.  Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Hungary ya kasance -35.0 ° C (-31.0 ° F) a Görömbölytapolca a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 1940. 

 Ilimin noma 
Jimlar zafi a lokacin tsiro na Hungary ya tashi sama da  ° C (5,430 ° F) a yawancin ƙasar, wanda ke da kyau sosai ga aikin noma a Hungary, amma sanyi a watan Mayu na iya gabatar da mummunar haɗari ga amfanin gona.

Yankin ƙasa yana canzawa tsakanin ko da mafi girma, tare da yiwuwar wucewa  ° C (212 ° F)  yanayin zafin shekara-shekara. 20 mita (66  a ƙasa da farfajiyar, wannan canjiyar ta ƙare, kuma zafin jiki yana da daidaituwa a  ° C (52 ° F). Matsakaicin zurfin sanyi na sama shine 25 zuwa 35 centimeters (9.8 zuwa 13.8 in).

Budapest tana kan iyaka tsakanin yankuna masu ƙarfi 6 da 7.

 Iska 
Iskar tana yin tasiri mai ƙarfi akan sauran abubuwan yanayi ta hanyar saurinta, alkiblarta, da kuma iya tafiyar da iska.  A wani tsayi mai zaman kansa ba tare da tasirin agaji ba, kimanin mita 4,000, igiyoyin ruwa na yamma sun mamaye kasar.  Kusa da saman ƙasa, a kan mafi yawan sassan ƙasar, iskar arewa maso yamma ta mamaye, amma gabashin kogin Tisza, iskar arewa ta mamaye.  Dangane da saurin iska, matsakaicin ƙimar shekara-shekara yana bambanta tsakanin 1,5 da 2,5 akan ma'aunin Beaufort (2 da 3" 5 m/s) [bayani da ake buƙata] a cikin ƙasar baki ɗaya. Canje-canjen yanayin yanayin ba su da mahimmanci.

 Ruwan sama 
Matsakaicin Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a duk faɗin ƙasar shine millimeters 600 (24 in). Yankunan da suka fi bushewa a kasar suna gabas, inda, alal misali,  Hortobagy, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance ƙasa da millimeters 500 (20 in). Matsakaicin ruwan sama, kusan millimeters 1,000 (39 in), ya fadi a kan iyakar yammacin Hungary.

Kamar yadda yake na yanayin nahiyar, mafi yawan hazo yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin rani. A yankin kudu maso yamma, matsakaicin na biyu yana faruwa a watan Oktoba a ƙarƙashin tasirin yanayin Bahar Rum.

Yawan kwanakin ruwan sama ya wuce 100 a yankin kudu maso yamma, da kuma yankin Matra da Bükk, amma kasa da 80 a tsakiyar kogin Tisza. Rashin ruwan sama, zafi, da kuma karfi evaporation ya sa Great Hungarian Plain ya zama mai ƙura sosai a lokacin rani.

Hadari da guguwa sun zama ruwan dare, musamman  watanni na rani. A cikin hunturu, daga ƙarshen Nuwamba zuwa farkon Maris, hazo ya faɗi a wani ɓangare a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Rufin dusar ƙanƙara ya bambanta sosai. Ana samun dusar ƙanƙara mafi ƙanƙanta a yankin gabashin Great Plain (tare da matsakaicin shekara-shekara shine 4 centimeters (1.6 in)). Sau da yawa, masara ta hunturu ta kasance a buɗe ga abubuwa lokacin da manoma ba sa tsammanin wani sanyi mai tsanani.

 Rashin zafi 
A Hungary, zafi na iska ya fi girma a lokacin rani fiye da lokacin hunturu.  Matsakaicin abin da ke cikin tururin ruwa na shekara shine gram 7.4 a kowace mita cubic (0.0074 oz/cu ft) a matsewar ruwa na milimita 7.3 (0.29 in).  Mafi girman abun ciki na tururin ruwa na dangi (sama da 75%) ana samunsa a cikin iyakar yamma.

 Yankin 
Yankin ƙasar da ilimin ruwa na Hungary suma suna shafar yanayi. Tasirin su a kan macroclimate ba shi da mahimmanci, amma suna shafar meso- da microclimates. Misali mai kyau shine sauyin yanayi na kewayen Great Lakes, musamman na Lake Balaton. Amma wuraren yashi, tuddai (na calcium carbonate kamar dolomite) kamar tuddai da ke kewaye da Buddha, har ma da irin ciyayi suma suna da tasiri a kan meso- da microclimates.

Makamashi na taimako na Hungary, wato, bambance-bambance a tsawo a cikin ƙasar (a wasu kalmomi, damar hydroelectric), yana da ɗan ƙarami. Duk da haka, bambancin mita 400 zuwa 900 (1,300 zuwa 3,000  a tsawo tsakanin Babban Filayen Hungary da tsaunuka masu zurfi na arewa ya isa ya samar da bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin yanayi na yankuna biyu.

 Tushen 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba