Augusta T. Chissell

Augusta Theodosia Lewis Chissell (1880 - 14 ga Mayu, 1973) ta kasance 'yar Afirka ce kuma shugabar jama'a a Baltimore, Maryland . Chissell ya kasance jagora a cikin kungiyoyin al'umma da yawa, gami da kasancewa memba mai kafa reshen Baltimore na NAACP . A cikin 2019 an shigar da ita cikin Maryland Women's Hall of Fame saboda aikinta na inganta haƙƙin mata da daidaiton launin fata.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Augusta "Gussie" Theodosia Lewis a shekara ta 1880 a Baltimore. Iyayenta, William S. da Sarah S. Lewis, dukansu sun kasance masu tsayi. Augusta ta zauna tare da iyayenta kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai yin gyare-gyare kafin ta yi aure.

Ta auri wani likitan Afirka mai tasiri, Robert Garland Chissell, wani lokaci tsakanin 1910 da 1920.  Ta kuma kasance ƙwararriyar pianist.

 Yunkurin neman zabe da 'yancin bil'adama 
Chissell ta zauna a cikin gidan tubali mai hawa uku a arewa maso yammacin Baltimore, kusa da Margaret Gregory Hawkins, abokin aikinta na yau da kullun. Tare da 'yar gwagwarmaya Estelle Young, Hawkins da Chissell sun sadaukar da lokacin su don inganta rayuwar mata da baƙar fata a Baltimore, suna gudanar da tarurruka daga ɗakunan su.

Hawkins da Chissell sun kafa Dubois Circle, kulob din mata na Afirka, a cikin 1907.  Kungiyar ta fito ne daga Niagara Movement, da farko ta mai da hankali kan nazarin adabi da zane-zane, amma nan da nan ta fadada zuwa ayyukan siyasa da na jama'a. Jami'an Dubois Circle sun dauki bakuncin tarurruka na siyasa a gidajensu da majami'u, suna tura ajanda don ba da damar mata su jefa kuri'a.

Chissell na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa reshen Baltimore na NAACP, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban farko na kungiyar a lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1912.  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta hadin gwiwar jama'a, kungiyar da ke magance batutuwan gidaje da lafiyar jama'a.

Estelle Young ta kafa kungiyar Progressive Women's Suffrage Club (wanda aka fi sani da kungiyar Colored Women's Sufrage Club) a 1915;  Hawkins ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma Chissell a matsayin sakatare. 

Bayan tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar 19 a shekarar 1920, Chissell ya rubuta wani shafi mai maimaitawa a cikin Baltimore Afro-American, A Primer for Women Voters, "don amfanin mata da ke son sanar da kansu game da sabbin ayyukan da dama da suka samu a matsayin masu jefa kuri'a da 'yan ƙasa. "  Chissell ta amsa tambayoyin masu karatu game da tsarin jefa kuri'aa kuma wani lokacin ta ba da jagororin abin da 'yan siyasa da jam'iyyun za su jefa kuri'ar don jefa kuri' Chissell ta shirya "Taron Jama'a" na mako-mako ga mata masu jefa kuri'a ta hanyar Kungiyar Kirista ta Mata Masu Launi (CYWCA).   The Progressive Women's Suffrage Club ya kuma koyar da darussan ilimin masu jefa kuri'a. Chissell da sauran masu gwagwarmayar Afirka-Amurka sun ci gaba fiye da tabbatarwa saboda kalubalen da aka samu a jefa kuri'a bisa nuna bambancin launin fata. Baƙar fata a Amurka ana kiyaye su daga jefa kuri'a ta hanyar kokarin da suka shafi harajin zabe da Gwaje-gwaje na karatu da rubutu har zuwa lokacin da aka zartar da Dokar 'Yancin Zabe ta 1965 da kuma hukunce-hukuncen kotu masu alaƙa.

A shekara ta 1936, Chissell ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Mata ta Mata ta Baltimore Urban League, ta kaddamar da ƙoƙari mai zurfi don kaiwa ga mata fararen fata don sha'awar su a cikin batutuwan adalci na zamantakewar Baltimore. 

Chissell ta ci gaba da aikinta ta hanyar jagorancinta a cikin Cooperative Civic League har zuwa shekarunta tamanin, inda ta jagoranci kwamitin da ya shirya bikin Baltimore Flower Mart na shekara-shekara. Ta rike mukamai da yawa a reshen Baltimore na NAACP a duk rayuwarta, gami da shugabancin kwamitin Kyauta na Musamman a 1935 da kwamitin Interracial a 1941. Ayyukanta ta hanyar kungiyar sun kasance har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1973. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Chissell ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1973, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Dutsen Auburn a Baltimore . 

Labarin Chissell, tare da na Estelle Young da Margaret Hawkins, ba wani ɓangare ne na litattafan da aka buga ba kuma an bayyana shi ta hanyar aikin Beverly Carter, mai adana bayanai na DuBois Circle .  Da farko a cikin 2015, Carter ya yi amfani da albarkatu kamar minti na kulob da labarai daga Baltimore Afro-American don haɓaka tarihin mata baƙar fata waɗanda ke aiki a siyasar Baltimore.

An gabatar da ita a cikin Maryland Women's Hall of Fame a shekarar 2019.  Wakilin Amurka Elijah Cummings ya zabi Chissell, yana rubutu game da aikinta: 


A cikin 2019, an sanya alamar tarihi a 1532 da 1534 Druid Hill Avenue, tsoffin gidajen Hawkins da Chissell, a matsayin wani ɓangare na National Votes for Women Trail . 

A cikin 2020 editocin Amurka A Yau sun buga aikin "Mata na Karni" don tunawa da Kwaskwarimar 19, suna neman masana daga kowace jiha su gano mata goma da suka yi gagarumin nasarori a cikin shekarun 1920 zuwa 2020. Chissell na ɗaya daga cikin mata goma da aka san su saboda aikin da suka yi a cikin jihar Maryland, wasu uku sune Billie Holiday, Adrienne Rich, da Barbara Ann Mikulski.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1965
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba