Rill

A cikin ilimin geomorphology na tuddai, Rill wani tashar ruwa ne mai zurfi (ba fiye da 'yan inci / inci masu zurfi ba) wanda aka yanke cikin ƙasa ta hanyar aikin rushewa na ruwa mai gudana. Irin wannan amma karami tashoshin da aka yanka an san su da microrills; manyan tashoshin an san su a matsayin gullies.

Rills na wucin gadi tashoshi ne da aka gina don ɗaukar Ruwa daga tushen ruwa mai nisa. A cikin shimfidar wuri ko zane na lambun, gine-ginen da aka gina sune fasalin ruwa mai kyau.

 Rills da aka kirkira ta hanyar rushewa 
Rills ne m da kuma m tashoshi da aka rushewa a cikin kasa da ba a kare shi ba ta hanyar hillslope runoff. Tunda ana barin ƙasa a kai a kai a lokacin Ayyukan noma, ana iya samar da rills a kan gonaki a lokacin waɗannan lokutan da ke da rauni. Rills na iya samuwa lokacin da aka bar ƙasa marar kyau bayan da aka sare daji, ko kuma yayin ayyukan gini.

Rills suna da sauƙin gani lokacin da aka fara yanka, don haka galibi sune alamar farko ta matsalar lalacewa mai gudana. Sai dai idan an sanya matakan kiyaye ƙasa, rills a kan wuraren da ke rushewa akai-akai na iya bunkasa zuwa manyan fasalulluka masu lalacewa kamar gullies ko ma (a cikin yankuna masu tsaka-tsaki) a cikin wuraren da ba su da kyau.

 Farawar Rill 
Ana kirkirar Rills lokacin da wuta ta lalata ƙasa a kan tuddai don haka yanayin yanayi na yanayi ya shafi su sosai. Suna bayyana sau da yawa a cikin watanni masu ruwan sama.Fullen, M.A. & A.H. Reed. 1987. Rill Erosion on Arable Loamy Sands in the West Midlands of England. Bryan, R.B. (ed). Rill Erosion: Processes and Significance. Catena Supplement 8. W. Germany:Catena Verlag. 85-96. Rills sun fara samuwa lokacin da runoff shear stress, ikon surface runoff don cire barbashi na ƙasa, ya shawo kan ƙarfin shear na ƙasa, ikon ƙasa don tsayayya da ƙarfin aiki tare da farfajiyar ƙasa. Wannan ya fara tsarin rushewa yayin da ruwa ya karya ƙwayoyin ƙasa kyauta kuma ya ɗauke su a kan gangaren.Torri, D., M. Sfalanga & G. Chisci. 1987. Threshold Conditions for Incipient Rilling. Bryan, R.B. (ed). Rill Erosion: Processes and Significance. Catena Supplement 8. W. Germany:Catena Verlag. 97-105. Wadannan dakarun sun bayyana dalilin da ya sa yashi, ƙasa mai laushi ke da saukin kamuwa da kafawa, yayin da yumɓu mai yawa ke tsayayya da kafawa.Loch, R.J. & E.C. Thomas. 1987. Resistance to Rill Erosion: Observations on the Efficiency of Rill Erosion on a Tilled Clay Soil Under Simulated Rain and Run-On Water. Bryan, R.B. (ed). Rill Erosion: Processes and Significance. Catena Supplement 8. W. Germany:Catena Verlag. 71-83.
Rills ba za su iya samuwa a kowane farfajiyar ba kuma tsarin su yana da alaƙa da tsawo na tudun dutse. Girman nauyi yana ƙayyade ƙarfin ruwa, wanda ke ba da ikon da ake buƙata don fara yanayin rushewa da ake buƙatu don ƙirƙirar rills. Sabili da haka, samar da rills ana sarrafa shi da farko ta hanyar gangaren tudun. Tudun yana sarrafa zurfin tuddai, yayin da tsawon gangaren da kuma ƙarancin ƙasa ke sarrafa yawan yanka a cikin yanki. Kowane nau'in ƙasa yana da ƙimar ƙofar, kusurwar gangara a ƙasa wanda saurin ruwa ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙarfi don fitar da isaswar ƙwayoyin ƙasa don rills don samarwa ba. Misali, a kan gangaren da ba su da haɗin kai, wannan ƙimar ƙofar tana kewaye da kusurwar digiri 2 tare da Saurin shear tsakanin 3 da 3.5 cm / s. Ford, D.C. & J. Lundberg. 1987. A Review of Dissolutional Rills in Limestone and Other Soluble Rocks. Bryan, R.B. (ed). Rill Erosion: Processes and Significance. Catena Supplement 8. W. Germany:Catena Verlag. 119-139

Bayan rills sun fara samuwa, suna fuskantar wasu nau'o'in dakarun rushewa wanda zai iya kara girman su da kuma fitarwa. Har zuwa kashi 37% na rushewa a cikin wani yanki mai cike da rill na iya samo asali ne daga motsi mai yawa, ko rushewa, na bangon gefen rill. Yayin da ruwa ke gudana ta hanyar rill, zai ragu a cikin ganuwar, yana haifar da rushewa. Har ila yau, yayin da ruwa ke shiga cikin ƙasa na ganuwar, suna raunana, suna kara damar rushewar bango. Rushewar da waɗannan dakarun suka haifar yana ƙara girman rill yayin da yake kumbura girman fitarwa.

Ba a saba da shi ba, rushewa dutse mai laushi da sauran duwatsu masu narkewa ta hanyar Ruwan sama mai ƙamshi kuma yana haifar da samar da siffofi masu kama da rill a saman dutse.

 Ma'anar rushewar rill 
Kodayake rills suna da ƙananan, suna jigilar ƙasa mai yawa a kowace shekara. Wasu kimantawa suna da'awar cewa kwararar rill tana da damar ɗaukar kusan sau goma na wuraren da ba na rill ba, ko interrill. A cikin ruwan sama mai matsakaici, kwararar rill na iya ɗaukar raguwar dutse har zuwa 9 cm a diamita. A shekara ta 1987, masanin kimiyya J. Poesen ya gudanar da gwaji a filin Huldenberg a Belgium wanda ya bayyana cewa a lokacin ruwan sama mai matsakaici, rushewar rill ya cire kusan 200 kg (a cikin nauyin ruwa) na dutse.  

Abin takaici, tasirin rills a kan shimfidar wurare sau da yawa yana da mummunar tasiri ga ayyukan ɗan adam. An lura da Rills suna wanke wuraren binciken archaeological. Har ila yau, sun zama ruwan dare a yankunan noma saboda aikin gona mai ɗorewa yana lalata ƙasa da yawancin abubuwan da ke ciki, yana ƙara lalacewar ƙasa. Injinan noma, kamar su tractors, suna tattara ƙasa har zuwa inda ruwa ke gudana a saman maimakon shiga cikin ƙasa. Hotunan motar tractor sau da yawa suna ba da ruwa, suna ba da cikakkiyar yanayi don samar da rills. Wadannan rills na iya lalata adadi mai yawa na ƙasa mai noma idan aka bar shi kadai.

A karkashin kulawar filin da ya dace, rills suna da ƙananan kuma ana iya gyara su cikin sauƙi ta hanyar shimfidar ƙasa. Wannan zai hana, aƙalla na ɗan lokaci, koguna daga girma da lalata wuri mai faɗi da sauri tare da lokaci.

 Dubi kuma 

 Ruwa
 Faduwa (ma'auni) 
 Ruwan sama
 Gully
 Leat
 Ravine
 Kwarin
 Pedosphere
 Uwar Zanja

 Manazarta 

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