Carbon-neutral mai

man fetur mai tsaka-tsaki shine man fetur wanda ba ya samar da iskar gas ko sawun carbon. A aikace, wannan yawanci yana nufin man fetur da aka yi ta amfani da carbon dioxide (CO2) a matsayin kayan Abinci. Za'a iya haɗa man fetur na carbon-neutral da aka gabatar a cikin man fetur, wanda aka yi ta hanyar sinadarin Hydrogenating carbon dioxide, da biofuels, waɗanda aka samar ta amfani da matakai masu cin CO2 na halitta kamar photosynthesis.

Ana iya kama carbon dioxide da aka yi amfani da shi don yin man fetur na roba kai tsaye daga iska, sake amfani da shi daga iskar gas mai amfani da wutar lantarki ko kuma an samo shi daga carbonic acid a cikin ruwan teku. Misalai na yau da kullun na man fetur sun haɗa da ammoniya da methane,  kodayake hydrocarbons masu rikitarwa kamar gasoline da jet fuel  an kuma sami nasarar kirkirar su ta hanyar wucin gadi. Baya ga kasancewa tsaka-tsaki na carbon, irin wannan man fetur mai sabuntawa na iya rage farashin da batutuwan dogaro na man fetur na burbushin burbushin da aka shigo da su ba tare da buƙatar ko dai wutar lantarki na rundunar motoci ko juyawa zuwa hydrogen ko wasu man fetur ba, yana ba da damar ci gaba da jituwa da motoci masu araha. (Review.) Don zama ainihin carbon-neutral, duk wani makamashi da ake buƙata don tsari dole ne ya zama kansa carbon-neutrals ko fitarwa-free, kamar makamashi mai sabuntawa ko makamashin nukiliya. (Review.) (Review.) (Review.)

Idan konewa man fetur mai tsaka-tsaki yana ƙarƙashin kamawar carbon a cikin hayaki, suna haifar da fitar da carbon dioxide mara kyau kuma saboda haka yana iya zama nau'in Gyaran iskar gas. Ana ɗaukar fitar da hayaki mara kyau a matsayin wani bangare mai mahimmanci na ƙoƙarin iyakance dumamar duniya, kodayake fasahar fitar da hayani mara kyau a halin yanzu ba ta da damar tattalin arziki ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Kudin carbon na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ga man fetur mara kyau.

 Samar da hydrocarbons na roba 
Ana iya samar da hydrocarbons na roba a cikin halayen sunadarai tsakanin carbon dioxide, wanda za'a iya kama shi daga tashoshin wutar lantarki ko iska, da Hydrogen. man fetur, sau da yawa ana kiransa mai amfani da wutar lantarki, yana adana makamashi da aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da hydrogen.

Ana shirya man fetur na hydrogen ta hanyar amfani da ruwa a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki zuwa gas. Don rage hayaki, ana samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da tushen makamashi mai ƙarancin hayaki kamar iska, hasken rana, ko makamashin nukiliya.

Ta hanyar Sabatier reaction ana iya samar da methane wanda za'a iya adanawa shi don a ƙone shi daga baya a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki (a matsayin iskar gas), ana jigilar shi ta bututun mai, mota, ko jirgin tanki, ko a yi amfani da shi a cikin iskar gas zuwa matakai na ruwa kamar Tsarin Fischer-Tropsch don yin man fetur na gargajiya don sufuri ko dumama. Pearson, R.J.; Eisaman, M.D.; et al. (2012). "Energy Storage via Carbon-Neutral Fuels Made From CO2, Water, and Renewable Energy" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 100 (2): 440–60. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.359.8746. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2011.2168369. S2CID 3560886. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
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 (Review.) 

Akwai wasu man fetur da za a iya kirkirar su ta amfani da hydrogen. Misali ana iya yin Formic acid ta hanyar amsa hydrogen tare da CO. Formic acid hade da CO2 na iya samar da isobutanol.

Ana iya yin methanol daga sinadarin sinadarai na kwayar carbon-dioxide tare da kwayoyin hydrogen guda uku don samar da methanol da ruwa. Za'a iya dawo da makamashi da aka adana ta hanyar ƙone methanol a cikin injin konewa, fitar da carbon dioxide, ruwa, da zafi. Ana iya samar da Methane a cikin irin wannan martani. Kariya ta musamman game da ɓarkewar methane tana da mahimmanci tunda methane kusan sau 100 ne mai ƙarfi kamar CO2, game da yiwuwar dumama duniya na shekaru 20. Ana iya amfani da ƙarin makamashi don haɗa methanol ko methane a cikin manyan kwayoyin man fetur na hydrocarbon.Pearson, R.J.; Eisaman, M.D.; et al. (2012). "Energy Storage via Carbon-Neutral Fuels Made From CO2, Water, and Renewable Energy" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 100 (2): 440–60. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.359.8746. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2011.2168369. S2CID 3560886. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
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 (Review.)

Masu bincike sun kuma ba da shawarar amfani da methanol don samar da dimethyl ether. Ana iya amfani da wannan man fetur a matsayin madadin man fetur na diesel saboda ikonsa na kunna kansa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba da zafin jiki. An riga an yi amfani da shi a wasu yankuna don dumama da samar da makamashi. Ba mai guba ba ne, amma dole ne a adana shi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Ana iya samar da hydrocarbons mafi girma  da ethanol  daga carbon dioxide da hydrogen.

Dukkanin hydrocarbons na roba ana samar da su a yanayin zafi na 200-300 ° C, kuma a matsin lamba na 20 zuwa 50 bar. Ana amfani da Masu haɓaka don inganta ingancin amsawa da ƙirƙirar nau'in man fetur na hydrocarbon da ake so. Irin waɗannan halayen suna da zafi kuma suna amfani da kimanin 3 mol na hydrogen a kowace mole na carbon dioxide da ke ciki. Har ila yau, suna samar da ruwa mai yawa a matsayin samfur.Zeman, Frank S.; Keith, David W. (2008). "Carbon neutral hydrocarbons" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 366 (1882): 3901–18. Bibcode:2008RSPTA.366.3901Z. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0143. PMID 18757281. S2CID 2055798. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2012. (Review.)  

 Tushen carbon don sake amfani 
Mafi kyawun tushen iskar carbon don sake amfani da man fetur shine hayaki-gas da ke fitowa daga konewar burbushin mai inda za'a iya samun sa akan dalar Amurka 7.50 akan kowace ton. Duk da haka, wannan ba shine tsaka-tsakin carbon ba, tun da carbon ɗin asalin burbushin halittu ne, don haka yana motsa carbon daga geosphere zuwa yanayi. Tun da carbonic acid a cikin ruwan teku yana cikin ma'auni na sinadarai tare da carbon dioxide na yanayi, an yi nazarin hakar carbon daga ruwan teku. Masu bincike sun yi kiyasin cewa hakar carbon daga ruwan teku zai kai kimanin dala 50 kan kowace tan. Kama Carbon daga iskar yanayi ya fi tsada, a tsakanin $94 da $232 kan kowace ton kuma ana ganin ba zai iya yiwuwa ba don hada man fetur ko iskar carbon. Kama iskar kai tsaye ba shi da haɓaka fiye da sauran hanyoyin. Shawarwari don wannan hanyar sun haɗa da yin amfani da sinadari mai haɗari don amsawa da carbon dioxide a cikin iska don samar da carbonates. Ana iya rushe waɗannan kuma a shayar da su don fitar da iskar CO2 mai tsabta da kuma sake haɓaka sinadarai masu haɗari. Wannan tsari yana buƙatar ƙarin kuzari fiye da sauran hanyoyin saboda carbon dioxide yana da ƙarancin ƙima a cikin yanayi fiye da sauran hanyoyin.Pearson, R.J.; Eisaman, M.D.; et al. (2012). "Energy Storage via Carbon-Neutral Fuels Made From CO2, Water, and Renewable Energy" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 100 (2): 440–60. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.359.8746. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2011.2168369. S2CID 3560886. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
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 (Review.)

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba