Bisti / De-Na-Zin Wilderness

Yankin Bisti / De-Na-Zin wani yanki ne na jeji mai girman kadada 45,000 (18,000  wanda ke cikin San Juan County a jihar New Mexico ta Amurka. An kafa shi a shekara ta 1984, Wilderness wani yanki ne mai cike da lalacewa wanda Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa ke sarrafawa, ban da sassan uku na ƙasar Navajo masu zaman kansu a cikin iyakokinta. Dokar John D. Dingell, Jr. Tsaro, Gudanarwa, da Wasanni, da aka sanya hannu a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2019, ta fadada Bisti / De-Na-Zin Wilderness da kusan kadada 2,250.

An fassara shi daga kalmar Navajo Bistahí, Bisti yana nufin "tsakanin tsarin adobe."  De-Na-Zin, daga Navajo Dééł Náázíní, an fassara shi a matsayin "Standing Cranes. "  An sami Rubutun dutse a kudancin jeji.  Yana kan Trails of the Ancients Byway, ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka tsara na New Mexico Scenic Byways . 

 Tarihi na farko 
Yankin Bisti / De-Na-Zin shi ne mafi girman yankin da ba shi da kyau a cikin San Juan Basin wanda ke da sauƙin isa ga jama'a. Yankunan da ba su da kyau suna fallasa mafi tsawo, mafi cikakke, kuma mafi wadataccen jerin burbushin gadoji da ke kewaye da iyakar Cretaceous-Paleogene a kowane kwandon ruwa guda ɗaya a duniya. Wadannan sun hada da tsarin ilimin ƙasa guda huɗu, wanda, a cikin raguwar shekaru, sune Tsarin Fruitland, Tsarin Kirtland, Tsarin Ojo Alamo, da Tsarin Nacimiento.

Wadannan tsari suna fallasa a wani yanki na kwarin gabas zuwa yamma wanda ke gudana zuwa Kogin Chaco zuwa kudu. Gidajen suna nutsewa kusan digiri 5 zuwa arewa maso gabas don a fallasa tsofaffin gadaje (Fruitland Formation) zuwa kudu maso yamma, inda suke da sauƙin gani a kusa da yankin ƙofar, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta (Nacimiento Formation) ke fallasa zuwa arewa maso gabashin.Hunt, Adrian P. (2010). "Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness". New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources. New Mexico Tech. Retrieved June 24, 2022.

A ƙarshen Cretaceous, Arewacin Amurka ta raba ta Yammacin Yammacin Tekun, wanda iyakar yammacinsa ta koma baya da gaba a fadin abin da ke yanzu Jihohin tsaunuka na Amurka.Hunt, Adrian P. (2010). "Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness". New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources. New Mexico Tech. Retrieved June 24, 2022. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 74 da suka gabata, teku ta yi koma baya na ƙarshe daga yankin Bisti / De-Na-Zin zuwa arewa maso gabas, ta ajiye Tsarin Fruitland a saman sandstone na bakin teku na Tsarin Cliffs (wanda aka fallasa a kudancin Bisti / de-Na-Jin Wilderness.)  Tsarin Fruitlands ya rubuta filayen ambaliyar ruwa da mahalli na delta a bayan bakin teku, gami da wuraren ajiyar tattalin arziki na kwal. Wadannan galibi ana samun su ne a cikin Ne-Nah-ne-zad memba na Kirtland Formation. Yayin da bakin tekun ya ci gaba da raguwa, an ajiye Fossil Forest Member, wanda ke da karancin kwal amma yana da wadataccen burbushin halittu. A cikin Bisti / De-Na-Zin Wilderness, Tsarin Fruitland ya ƙunshi mafi yawan launin toka, tare da gadaje masu laushi da kuma gadaje masu tsayayya na fararen sandstones da aka ajiye a cikin tashoshin kogi. Har ila yau, tsari ya ƙunshi launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa. A wasu wurare, kwal ya kama wuta kuma ya ƙone don samar da ja, dutse mai wuya, wanda ake kira clinker ko jan kare.

An ajiye Tsarin Kirtland jim kadan bayan Tsarin Fruitland, kuma ya ƙunshi manyan shales da siltstones, tare da ƙananan gadaje masu laushi da fararen gadaje. Ƙananan ɓangaren wannan tsari ana kiransa Hunter Wash Member kuma an iyakance shi da fararen gado na sandstone a gindinsa da gado na launin ruwan kasa (Bisti Bed) a samansa. Tsakanin shi ne dutse mai laushi mai laushi. Sashe na tsakiya na wannan tsari ana kiransa Farmington Sandstone wanda ya ƙunshi takalma masu launin ruwan kasa na sandstone. Sashe na sama na tsari ana kiransa De-na-zin Member kuma yayi kama da Hunter Wash Member, amma tare da gadaje masu launin ruwan kasa kusa da samansa. Sandstone na Farmington Member yana nuna lokacin tashi a wani wuri kusa, yana samar da ƙasa mai tsawo daga abin da aka rushe turɓaya. Ana samun burbushin halittu da sauran burbushin da aka warwatsa a ko'ina cikin Kirtland Formation.Hunt, Adrian P. (2010). "Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness". New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources. New Mexico Tech. Retrieved June 24, 2022. An gano wasu nau'ikan shuke-shuke ko burbushin dabbobi 200 a cikin haɗin Fruitland da Kirland Formations, mafi yawansu ana samun su a cikin Bisti / De-Na-zin Wilderness. Abubuwan burbushin shuke-shuke sun haɗa da katako, hotuna na ganye, da ganye masu ƙonewa.

Tsarin Ojo Alamo ya rubuta lokacin nan da nan a kusa da iyakar Cretaceous-Paleogene. Gidajensa na ƙasa sune Naashoibito Member, wanda shine purple mudstone da farin sandstone kuma an ajiye su kafin ƙarshen Cretaceous. Wannan wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Kirtland. Sashe na sama na tsari shine Kimbeto Member, wanda shine babban dutse mai launin ruwan kasa. Wadannan turɓaya masu tsayi an ajiye su a lokacin da ake ɗaga duwatsu a kudu maso yammacin Colorado, tare da aikin dutsen wuta. Daidai iyakar Cretaceous-Paleogene, wanda aka yi alama da wani yumbu mai laushi a wasu wurare, ya ɓace a cikin rata tsakanin mambobi biyu na tsari. Dukkanin mambobi suna da wadataccen burbushin halittu: Naashoibito Member ya ƙunshi burbushin dinosaur, turtles, da crocodiles, yayin da Kimbeto Member ya ƙunshi yawancin burbushin itace. Ana kuma samun wasu burbushin dinosaur a cikin Kimbeto, amma ana zaton an kafa su ne a cikin memba na Naashoibito, an fitar da su, kuma an sake sanya su a cikin ƙaramin memba na Kimbeto. Irin waɗannan burbushin ana kiransu burbushin da aka sake yi.

Tsarin Ojo Alamo ya rubuta lokacin da Bisti / De-Na-Zin Wilderness wani gandun daji ne na yanayi wanda nau'o'i iri-iri suka girma, amma a ciki angiosperms (tsire masu fure) sun fi rinjaye. Ƙungiyoyi biyu na dinosaur masu cin ganyayyaki sun mamaye yankin. Wadannan sune hadrosaurs (kamar Parasaurolophus ) da ceratopsians (kamar Pentaceratops da Bisticeratops). Sauran masu cin ganyayyaki sun haɗa da ankylosaurs da pachycephalosaurs. Masu cin nama sun hada da Tyrannosaurus, Daspletosaurus, da Ornithomimus. Ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da Multi-tuberculats, marsupials, da dabbobi masu rarrafe, sun kasance. Bayan Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction, dinosaur sun tafi, an maye gurbin su da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Turtles, crocodiles, da lizards suma sun tsira. Multituberculates ba su da mahimmanci.Hunt, Adrian P. (2010). "Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness". New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources. New Mexico Tech. Retrieved June 24, 2022.

Tsarin Ojo Alamo ya shiga cikin Tsarin Nacimiento, wanda shine gadaje masu launin fari da baƙar fata na shale da sandstone tare da gadaje masu laushi na kwal Hunt, Adrian P. (2010). "Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness". New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources. New Mexico Tech. Retrieved June 24, 2022. da gadaje marasa ja ko kore masu wakiltar paleosols, an adana tsoffin ƙasa. Wadannan an sanya su ga memba na Arroyo Chijuillita. Wadannan an ajiye su a cikin tsarin kogi tare da sanyi da bushe amma yanayin da ya dace sosai. Gidajen suna dauke da burbushin dabbobi na farko na Paleocene, kuma suna bayyana Puercan da Torrejonian Arewacin Amurka Mammal Stages a kan sikelin lokacin geologic. Wadannan burbushin sun yi rikodin lokacin da yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa suka canza cikin sauri, ko dai daga saurin juyin halitta bayan taron lalacewar Cretaceous-Paleogene ko kuma daga sabbin yawan dabbobi mai shayarwa da ke ƙaura zuwa yankin.

Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na gefen yammacin San Juan Basin wanda aka kafa a lokacin Orogeny na Laramide kuma ya karkata gadaje zuwa kusurwar digiri 5 na yanzu zuwa arewa maso gabas. Yankunan da kansu sun samo asali ne kwanan nan, tsakanin shekaru 2800 da 5600 da suka gabata. Hoodoos sun samo asali ne inda dutse mai tsayayya ya kare ƙuƙwalwar dutse mai laushi.

 Dabbobi na daji 
Ana iya samun ƙananan dabbobi iri-iri a cikin Bisti / De-Na-Zin Wilderness, gami da zomo, Coyote, badger, Porcupine, da kwari. Nau'in tsuntsaye sun haɗa da pinyon jay, Ravens, quail, dove, ferruginous hawk, prairie falcon, da golden eagle. Lizard, maciji, Tarantula, da kunama suma suna zaune a nan.

 Wasanni 
Ayyukan nishaɗi a cikin Bisti / De-Na-Zin Wilderness sun haɗa da yawo, sansani, kallon namun daji, daukar hoto, da hawa doki. An haramta wuta a cikin jeji.

 Manazarta 

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