Yankin rairayin bakin teku a cikin koguna da bays

rairayin bakin teku a cikin Laguna da bays (BEBs) suna nufin rairayin bakin rairayin kan teku da ke cikin koguna ko bays sabili da haka an kare su a wani bangare ko gaba ɗaya daga raƙuman iska na teku,   waɗanda sune tushen makamashi don gina rairayin rairayin teku. Yankunan da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa da lagoons ana daukar su BEBs. BEBs na iya zama Marias tsire-tsire ko kuma ba su da tsire-shire kuma ana iya yin su da yashi, dutse ko harsashi. A sakamakon mafaka, muhimmancin wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi na raƙuman ruwa, gami da raƙuman iska da ke cikin gida da raƙukan ruwa, na iya zama mafi mahimmanci ga BEBs fiye da waɗancan rairayin bakin teku. Jirgin ruwa yana farkawa,  ruwan da ke motsawa ta hanyar ruwa, kuma kwararar kogi na iya zama mahimmanci ga BEBs. Lokacin da BEBs ke karɓar isasshen ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa, za su iya zama marasa aiki, kuma su daidaita ta hanyar ciyayi; wannan na iya faruwa ta hanyar matakai na halitta da aikin ɗan adam. BEBs sun wanzu a duk latitudes daga rairayin bakin teku da ke cikin fjords da kwarin kogi da aka nutsar a cikin manyan latitudes zuwa rairayin rairayin kan rairayin da ke cikin yankin equatorial kamar, alal misali, rairayin osimiri na Amazon.

 Muhimmancinsa 
Ana samun BEBs a duk faɗin duniya, gami da Landan birane kamar San Francisco, Sydney, Lisbon, London da Shanghai misali. Duk da yake wani lokacin ƙananan ne ta hanyar yanki, suna iya samar da albarkatu masu yawa. Baya ga muhimmancin muhalli, BEBs na iya samar da sarari a cikin birane don mutane su haɗu da yanayi, da kariya ga yankunan ƙasa da ababen more rayuwa.

 Muhimmancin muhalli 
BEBs suna samar da wurare masu mahimmanci da wuraren ciyarwa ga kifi da tsuntsaye na gida. Ko da ƙananan yashi na iya samar da wuri mai mahimmanci. Yawancin BEBs suna gaban ciyawa na teku  kuma suna iya ba da damar marshes su bunkasa a bayansu.  BEBs a cikin koguna sune mazaunin ƙwayoyin Horseshoe, wanda a lokacin spawning, idan an haɗa shi da matsakaicin tsawo, canza bayanin rairayin bakin teku kamar yadda ya zama concave, kama da bayanin guguwa da rage ƙofar raƙuman ruwa don amsawar morphological. Nazarin da aka yi a Jamaica Bay ya nuna cewa Maido da muhalli na Horseshoe crabs an iyakance shi da girman rairayin bakin teku maimakon ingancin ruwa. Nazarin Ichthyofauna na ƙananan makamashi BEBs a Kudancin Brazil ya nuna dogaro da salinity da makamashi.

 Muhimmancin zamantakewa 
BEBs sau da yawa ƙananan ne kuma a ware kuma ba a matsayin alama kamar rairayin bakin teku a cikin al'adun gargajiya ba; kuma yana iya samun tarihin datti,  gurɓataccen yanayi da lalacewa.  Koyaya, BEBs galibi suna kusa da manyan birane kuma suna samar da muhimmiyar hanyar nishaɗi da al'adu. BEBs suna ba da damar yin iyo mai natsuwa ga yara ƙanana. Suna iya zama sanannun, kamar rairayin bakin teku a Kogin Pará (Amazon Coast na Brazil)  ko a Sydney Harbour,   ko kuma ba a san su sosai ba, kamar yadda wasu ke San Francisco Bay.

 Tsaro na bakin teku 
BEBs suna ba da kariya ga wuraren da ke da ruwa da ci gaban bakin teku  kuma yana da mahimmanci a kare su. Ciyawa ta teku da ke fuskantar waɗannan tsarin a Ostiraliya tana cikin haɗari kuma ayyukan sabunta muhalli kamar Operation Posidonia  suna nan don dawo da wannan ciyawa. Sauran kariya na bakin teku da aka sanya a cikin koguna, kamar koguna na oyster, an yi imanin cewa suna rage raƙuman ruwa  sabili da haka suna kare BEBs da ke kusa,  duk da haka, koguna masu rai na iya haifar da canje-canje na bakin teku marasa so da suka danganci katse hanyoyin sufuri da yawa.

 Halaye 
BEBs, kamar duk rairayin bakin teku, tarin laka ne wanda ba a haɗa shi ba (watau yashi) a cikin iyakokin giciye na aikin igiyar ruwa  kuma yana faruwa a inda akwai wadataccen ruwa mai dacewa da fallasa ga raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke da kuzari don motsa laka da shawo kan kwanciyar hankali ta ciyayi. Freire, Paula; Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F. (2013). "Defining beaches and their evolutionary states in estuaries". Journal of Coastal Research. 65: 482–487. doi:10.2112/SI65-082.1. S2CID 131696849. Ƙididdigar ƙasa shine babban iko na farko don siffar, girma da kwanciyar hankali na BEBs, da wuri da kuma daidaitawar rairayin bakin teku a cikin kogin ko bay suna da mahimmancin sarrafawa akan ma'auni na morphodynamic .  Hanyoyin hydrodynamic (watau raƙuman ruwa da igiyoyin ruwa) waɗanda ke sarrafa siffar da ma'auni na BEBs an ƙaddara su da yawa ta hanyar tsarin geometric na estuary / bay; wannan ya haɗa da faɗi da daidaitawar ƙofar da faɗin, tsayi da zurfin bakin teku. Misali, magudanan ruwa suna da ƙarfi a magudanar ruwa kamar a bakin tudun da aka gina da katako; estuaries ko bays masu fadi da baki suna ba da damar yaduwar raƙuman ruwa; kuma, kasancewar isasshiyar iskar iskar da ake ɗaukowa a cikin wani yanki ko bay yana ba da damar haɓakar raƙuman iskar da aka samar a cikin gida. Koyaya, BEBs sun kasance da farko a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, yana haifar da yanayin ƙasa da abubuwan halitta akan sifar rairayin bakin teku don samun fifiko. Nordstrom, Karl F.; Jackson, Nancy L. (2012). "Physical processes and landforms on beaches in short fetch environments in estuaries, small lakes and reservoirs: A review". Earth-Science Reviews. 111 (1–2): 232–247. Bibcode:2012ESRv..111..232N. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.12.004.

Ana lura da gradients na al'ada daga ƙofar zuwa bakin teku na ciki ko bay:

 Rage tasirin raƙuman ruwa.
 Ƙarin tasirin kogin kogi.
 Ƙarin rabo na kyawawan laka (dutse da laka).
 Ƙarin tasirin tsire-tsire na ruwa (tsire-tsalle, mangroves, gishiri).

Sauran abubuwan zamantakewa kamar yawan jama'a da kayan aikin da ke kusa suna sarrafa matakin da rairayin bakin teku ke shafar farkawar jirgin ruwa da aikin injiniya Landan zai iya canza yanayin bayin. A zahiri, yawancin bays da estuaries da ke karbar manyan birane an canza su sosai, misali, San Francisco, Shanghai, Sydney, ko London.

BEBs za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar nau'ikan makamashi daban-daban dangane da wurin da suke a cikin estuary / bay da kuma tsarin lissafi na estuary /bay. Halin da halaye na BEBs sun bambanta sosai dangane da ilimin ƙasa, wadatar sediment da makamashi na hydrodynamic. Za su iya zama kunkuntar kuma suna da ƙarancin makamashi ko kuma za a iya fallasa su kai tsaye ga raƙuman ruwa da ke yaduwa cikin bakin teku, a wannan yanayin suna iya kama da rairayin bakin teku a bakin teku, amma har yanzu ana sarrafa su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Suna iya faruwa a duk yanayin ruwa, daga micro- zuwa macro-tides, kuma a ƙarƙashin kogi mai ƙarfi zuwa babu kogi.

 BEBs na iya kasancewa a cikin manyan koguna tare da ƙuƙwalwar ƙofofi, kamar yanayin koguna na Gabashin Gabashin Amurka. A wannan yanayin, raƙuman iska da aka samar a cikin gida suna wakiltar mahimmancin fasalin jiki wanda ke sarrafa yanayin rairayin bakin teku. Idan aka ba da iyakancewar girman kwandon, yawanci shine ɗaukar maimakon lokacin iska wanda ke ƙayyade halaye na raƙuman ruwa (watau, girman da lokacin) kuma an kira waɗannan rairayin bakin teku a matsayin rairayin rairayin kan iyaka a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Ƙarin tasirin iska a kan BEBs ya samo asali ne daga saitin matakin teku da karkatar da saman ruwa a cikin kwandon.
 BEBs na iya kasancewa a cikin koguna tare da manyan ƙofofi da ke kusa da gabar teku irin su gabar tekun SE na Ostiraliya.   A nan rairayin bakin teku waɗanda galibi suna ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin makamashi wani lokacin ana fallasa su ga babban ƙarfin makamashi wanda ke yaduwa cikin bakin teku / bay a lokacin guguwa mai ƙarfi. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yankuna na iya fuskantar wani lokaci mummunar lalacewar bakin teku  daga abin da rairayin bakin teku na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don murmurewa.

 Sauran kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don BEBs 
BEBs na iya zama ƙarancin makamashi, an kare su, ƙayyadadden, lagoonal, backbarrier, da sauran wurare, sabili da haka, an lura da su a cikin wallafe-wallafen da sunaye daban-daban. Ga wasu misalai:

 Yankin rairayin bakin teku masu ƙarancin kuzari. Marubutan da yawa sun yi amfani da wannan kalmar.Harris, Daniel L.; Vila-Concejo, Ana; Austin, Timothy; Benavente, Javier (2020). "Multi-scale morphodynamics of an estuarine beach adjacent to a flood-tide delta: Assessing decadal scale erosion". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 241: 106759. Bibcode:2020ECSS..24106759H. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106759. S2CID 219036419.Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F.; Eliot, Ian; Masselink, Gerdhard (2002). "'Low energy' sandy beaches in marine and estuarine environments: A review". Geomorphology. 48 (1–3): 147–162. Bibcode:2002Geomo..48..147J. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00179-4.Vila-Concejo, Ana; Hughes, Michael G.; Short, Andrew D.; Ranasinghe, Roshanka (2010). "Estuarine shoreline processes in a dynamic low-energy system". Ocean Dynamics. 60 (2): 285–298. Bibcode:2010OcDyn..60..285V. doi:10.1007/s10236-010-0273-7. S2CID 131209461. Koyaya, yawancin BEBs suna nuna girma fiye da waɗanda ake tsammani daga rairayin bakin teku masu ƙarancin makamashi kuma suna iya karɓar ƙarin makamashi na hydrodynamic fiye da yadda ake tsammani bisa ga Jackson et al. (2002). 
 Yankin rairayin bakin teku da aka iyakance. Samun shine tsawon ruwa wanda aka ba da hanyar iska. An yi amfani da wannan kalmar sosai don komawa ga rairayin bakin teku a cikin koguna da bays inda raƙuman iska da ke cikin gida sune babban tushen makamashi na hydrodynamic    duk da haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar ga rairayar bakin teku a waje da koguna da koguna, tare da halaye daban-daban.Freire, Paula; Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F. (2013). "Defining beaches and their evolutionary states in estuaries". Journal of Coastal Research. 65: 482–487. doi:10.2112/SI65-082.1. S2CID 131696849.Nordstrom, Karl F.; Jackson, Nancy L. (2012). "Physical processes and landforms on beaches in short fetch environments in estuaries, small lakes and reservoirs: A review". Earth-Science Reviews. 111 (1–2): 232–247. Bibcode:2012ESRv..111..232N. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.12.004.
 Yankunan rairayin bakin teku masu kariya. Wannan kalmar ta shafi a cikin koguna da bays kamar yadda BEBs ke karewa daga makamashi na teku,    amma kuma ga rairayin bakin teku da aka kare ta hanyar gine-gine kamar reefs, tsibirai ko ma spits ko marinas.
 Yankin rairayin bakin teku da ke cike da ruwa. Wannan kalmar ta shafi rairayin bakin teku masu ƙarancin makamashi inda akwai raguwa mai zurfi a cikin gangara, waɗanda ke gaba da yashi mai zurfi da / ko filayen laka saboda rinjaye na kewayon ruwa a kan tsawo.   Wannan kalmar ba ta da alaƙa da ko rairayin bakin teku suna cikin bakin teku ko bay ko a bakin tekun.

 Rushewa da farfadowa 
Lokacin da aka fallasa BEBs ga raƙuman ruwa da suka fi girma fiye da yanayin da ya fi dacewa, suna fuskantar lalacewa. Girman rushewa na iya zama karami fiye da ƙididdigar da aka rushe daga rairayin bakin teku, amma suna iya wakiltar babban kashi na jimlar rairayin rairayin kan teku. Makomar yashi da aka rushe daga rairayin bakin teku ba a bayyane yake ba, a wasu lokuta yashi na iya ɓacewa zuwa tashoshin ruwa ko adanawa a cikin ambaliyar ruwa.Vila-Concejo, Ana; Hughes, Michael G.; Short, Andrew D.; Ranasinghe, Roshanka (2010). "Estuarine shoreline processes in a dynamic low-energy system". Ocean Dynamics. 60 (2): 285–298. Bibcode:2010OcDyn..60..285V. doi:10.1007/s10236-010-0273-7. S2CID 131209461. A kowane hali, farfadowa yana da jinkiri kuma hanyoyin jigilar turɓaya da hanyoyin farfadowar galibi ba a sani ba. An bayar da rahoton cewa dawo da BEBs yana da jinkiri fiye da dawo da rairayin bakin teku.Costas, Susana; Alejo, Irene; Vila-Concejo, Ana; Nombela, Miguel A. (2005). "Persistence of storm-induced morphology on a modal low-energy beach: A case study from NW-Iberian Peninsula". Marine Geology. 224 (1–4): 43–56. Bibcode:2005MGeol.224...43C. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2005.08.003.

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