Batutuwan muhalli a Tajikistan

Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli a Tajikistan sun haɗa da yawan sinadarai na noma da gishiri a cikin ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa,  rashin kula da albarkatun ruwa,  da zaizayar ƙasa .  Bugu da ƙari, saboda rashin isassun wuraren tsaftar muhalli, dattin masana'antu da ba a kula da su ba (musamman daga samar da aluminum ) da najasa suna haɗuwa tare da zubar da ruwa na noma don haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin Tekun Aral .   Ayyukan hakar ma'adinan Soviet-Era a Tajikistan sun hako da sarrafa uranium, zinariya, antimony, tungsten, mercury, da molybdenum, kowannensu yana barin sharar gida mai guba wanda kuma ke barazana ga ingancin ruwa. Aljihun gurbatacciyar iska da masana'antu da ababen hawa ke haifarwa sun sa Tajikistan ta zama ta 133 a duniya wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli .  Gurbacewar iska matsala ce ta musamman a lokutan shekara lokacin da yanayin yanayi ke ɗaukar hayakin masana'antu da abubuwan hawa kusa da saman a cikin birane. A lokacin rani, ƙura da yashi daga hamadar Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan suna haifar da gurɓacewar iska a duk yankin kudu maso yammacin ƙasa .

Kodayake yakin basasa mai lalacewa, karancin kasafin kuɗi, talauci, da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet sun rage ayyukan masana'antu da aikin gona, waɗannan batutuwan, da kuma lalata ababen more rayuwa da asarar shirye-shiryen Soviet (kamar Kwamitin Kare Yanayi, aikin gona na jihar, da cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa na yankin) sun kara damuwa game da muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, Gwamnatin Tajik tana jinkirin amincewa da waɗannan damuwa, wanda ya lalata dangantakar yankinta.Robinson, Sarah (August 2012). "The Impact of Land-Reform Legislation on Pasture Tenure in Gorno-Badakhshan: From Common Resource to Private Property?". Mountain Research and Development. 30: 4–13. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-09-00011.1. S2CID 55740377.Groll, M. (2015). "Water quality, potential conflicts and solution- and upstream-downstream analysis of the transnational Zarafshan River (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan)". Environmental Earth Sciences. 73 (2): 743–763. Bibcode:2015EES....73..743G. doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2988-5. S2CID 140577568.

 Rashin ruwa 
A shekara ta 2010, kashi 64% na yawan mutanen Tajik suna da damar samun ruwan sha, kashi 54% a yankunan karkara da kashi 92% a birane. Rashin ruwa ya fara zama barazana a Tajikistan a karkashin matsin lamba na Tarayyar Soviet don fadada noman auduga a Asiya ta Tsakiya. A wannan lokacin, an aiwatar da ƙananan ka'idoji game da amfani da ruwa kuma an rarraba yawancin sa don ban ruwa. Gwamnatin Tajik tun daga lokacin ta fadada iyakoki kan amfani da ruwa, duk da haka hukumomin da ke cikin aikace-aikacen su ba su da ingantaccen tsarin shari'a da shari'a don aiwatarwa.

Aikin noma yana da kashi 90% na amfani da ruwa na Tajikistan, kuma ana amfani da kashi 33% na ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ta Tajikistan don noma auduga. Yawancin tsarin ban ruwa da na ruwa na Tajikistan ba a sabunta su ba tun ƙarshen Zamanin Soviet, bayan haka yakin basasa ya lalata yawancin ƙauyuka kuma ya kara lalata kayan aikin da suka riga sun lalata. Ruwa na auduga yana amfani da mafi yawan albarkatun ruwa na Tajikistan, duk da haka kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don ban ruwa, sun tsufa, ba su da inganci kuma sun rasa mafi yawan ruwan da yake ɗauka. Tajikistan ta yi jinkirin sabunta waɗannan tsarin ruwa saboda yawancin abubuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki, kamar ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi da karuwar bashin tun bayan kammala yakin basasa. Bugu da ƙari, Tajikistan ta fuskanci matsin lamba don noma amfanin gona mai nauyi, wanda aka sadu da shi ta hanyar juriya daga masana'antar auduga mai tasiri a siyasa. Gerstle, Daniel (Spring 2004). "The Pamir Paradox: Water Insecurity and Hunger at the Source of Central Asia's Rivers". Journal of International Affairs. 57: 169–178.

 Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi 
13% na Tajiks suna da damar yin amfani da datti na jama'a kuma 34% ba su da famfo na cikin gida ko ɗakunan wanka, wanda ya haifar da kashi 38% na yawan jama'a dangane da ruwa daga hanyoyin da za a iya gurɓata da kuma barkewar typhoid da kwalara. Wannan rashin ababen more rayuwa ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Soviet kuma talauci da yakin basasa sun kara tsanantawa. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa da iska sun haɗa da Magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (musamman DDT da HCH)  da taki a cikin ragowar ƙasa (wanda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar rushewar ƙasa),  sharar masana'antu, ƙonewar burbushin halittu, da raguwa daga tsoffin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na Soviet.Groll, M. (2015). "Water quality, potential conflicts and solution- and upstream-downstream analysis of the transnational Zarafshan River (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan)". Environmental Earth Sciences. 73 (2): 743–763. Bibcode:2015EES....73..743G. doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2988-5. S2CID 140577568.

Yawancin koguna masu gurɓata a Tajikistan sun haye zuwa wasu ƙasashe da yawa na Asiya ta Tsakiya sabili da haka matsala ce ta kasa da kasa; gwajin Navruz a cikin 2000, wanda ya shafi gwamnatocin Asiya ta Tsakiyar, sun gano matakan ƙarfe da radionuclides a cikin kogin Aral Sea.Groll, M. (2015). "Water quality, potential conflicts and solution- and upstream-downstream analysis of the transnational Zarafshan River (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan)". Environmental Earth Sciences. 73 (2): 743–763. Bibcode:2015EES....73..743G. doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2988-5. S2CID 140577568.Barber, D.S. (January 2005). "The Navruz Experiment: Cooperative monitoring for radionuclides and metals in Central Asia transboundary rivers". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 263: 213–218. doi:10.1007/s10967-005-0039-8. In ba haka ba, hanyoyin yanki na gurɓataccen yanayi sun iyakance. Bayan rushewar USSR, cibiyar sadarwar tattara bayanai ta yankin ta ragargaje, wanda, tare da lalacewar hydroposts a lokacin yakin basasa, ya hana Tajikistan samun bayanai game da gurɓataccen kogin da kuma martani na gaba.

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