Methana

Methana ( Greek  ,  ) birni ne, kuma tsohuwar gunduma a yankin Peloponnese, Girka . Tun bayan sake fasalin karamar hukumar ta 2011 yana cikin gundumar Troizinia-Methana, wanda yanki ne na birni.  Ƙungiyar birni tana da yanki na 50.161 km2 . 

Methana yana kan dutsen mai aman wuta ( dutsen mai aman wuta na Methana ), haɗe da Peloponnese. Gudanarwa, na yankin Attica ne. Garin (pop. 892 a cikin 2011) yana arewacin titin da ke haɗawa da sauran Peloponnese da Galatas. Matsayi mafi girma shine  (Dutsen Helona). Ƙungiyar gundumar tana da fili mai faɗin  da yawan mazaunan 1,352 a ƙidayar 2021.

 Rarraba 
Ƙungiyar gundumar Methana ta rabu zuwa cikin al'ummomi masu zuwa (ƙauyukan da ke cikin sassan):

 Kounoupitsa (Kounoupitsa, Agios Georgios, Agios Nikolaos, Makrylongos, Palaia Loutra)
 Kypseli (Kypseli, Agioi Theodoroi)
 Loutropoli Methanon (Methana, Dritsaiika)
 Megalochori (Megalochori, Vathy, Kaimeni Chora, Megalo Potami)

 Yawan jama'a na tarihi 
Shekara Yawan al'umma Yawan jama'ar yanki na birni 1981 1,035 - 1991 1,054 2,056 2001 1,148 2,057 2011 1,097 1,657 2001 899 1,352
Rabin daukacin al'ummar yankin na zaune ne a garin Methana.

 Ayyukan volcanic 
Tsibirin gaba ɗaya ya samo asali ne daga dutsen mai aman wuta kuma ya ƙunshi sama da cibiyoyi 30 na fashewar aman wuta. Fashewar aman wuta na ƙarshe ya faru a kusa da Kameni Chora na yanzu a ƙarni na uku BC. Shahararrun marubuta irin su Ovid, Strabo da Pausanias sun ba da rahoton fashewar aman wuta ta karshe a Methana. Tsibirin ita ce arewa maso yamma na tsibiran Aegean wanda yankunan da ke da aman wuta su ne Methana, Milos, Santorini da Nisyros . A nan gaba, Methana (da yankin Saronic gulf ) na iya tsammanin wasu fashewar volcanic. 

 Geography 
Tun daga 1991, ƙungiyar ETH Zürich ta gudanar da bincike a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar geologically da zane-zane. Daga wannan, an yi taswirar yanayi na gaba dayan tsibirin a sikelin 1:25,000.  3D mai ma'amala kuma tana kan Yanar Gizo ta Duniya.  

Fanorama na arewa maso gabas na Argolis, kudu maso gabas da gabashin Korinti tare da kudancin yankin Attica da tsibirin Saronic na Aegina da Salamis tare da ƙarami da kuma tsaunukan gabas na gabas na maƙwabta.

Mafi yawan yankin tekun tudu ne da daji da ciyawa. Dutsen dutsen ya rufe tsakiyar yankin tekun kuma yana da ɗan ƙaramin tudu a arewacin wurin zama. Wurin zama yana cikin teku. makiyayan suna kusa da Methana. An kafa tudun dutse a yamma kuma yana da kusan  mai tsawo da rafi a tsakiya da wani dutse a kudu.

 Tarihi 
Sanannen wurin zama na farko (kusa da ƙauyen Vathy) ya kasance daga 1500 – 1300 BC. An gudanar da binciken farko da Michael Deffner, wanda ya gano babban kursiyin, a tsakanin sauran kayan tarihi. An gano tsoffin wurare da yawa ta hanyar binciken binciken kayan tarihi da Jami'ar Liverpool ta gudanar a cikin 1980s tare da haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Burtaniya a Athens. Acropolis Palaiokastro yana kusa da ƙauyen Vathy amma babban tashar jirgin ruwa yana Methana, wanda kuma ake kira Arsinoe a zamanin Ptolemaic, tare da katafaren tsibiri na Nisaki. Wani kagara mai suna Akropolis Oga yana kusa da Kypseli . Helene Konstolakis-Jiannopoulou ne ya tono wani yanki na Mycenaean a cikin 1990 tare da ɗakin sujada na Agios Konstantinos da Elenis. Za a iya ziyartar kayan tarihi da aka zaɓa a cikin gidajen tarihi na tsibirin Poros da kuma a cikin Piraeus. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon yana tsakanin 1500 zuwa 1300 BC. Sunan garin ya bayyana a cikin abin da ake kira "Jerin Aegean" daga Haikali na Gawawwaki na Amenhotep III a Masar, tun daga karni na 14 KZ, inda aka rubuta shi a matsayin  . 

Methana ( Ancient Greek  ,    ), Methone ( ,    ), ko Methene ( ,   ) yana cikin yankin Troezen . A cikin Tarihin Yaƙin Peloponnesia, Thucydides ya ba da labari game da ƙarfin balaguron Athenia a ƙarƙashin Nicias cewa bayan cin nasara a Koranti (a cikin 425 BC) ya gina bango a kan isthmus don yanke yankin Methana daga babban yankin.  A lokacin Hellenistic, tsibirin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushen Ptolemaic a cikin Aegean lokacin da aka sake masa suna Arsinoe. Lokacin da Pausanias ya ziyarci a karni na 2, ya ga haikalin Isis, da ka'idodin Hamisa da Heracles a cikin agora . 

Babu rubutattun nassoshi game da Methana a zamanin Byzantine da Ottoman. An samu rugujewar basilicas da majami'u daga ƙarshen 6th ko farkon ƙarni na 7. Da alama akwai ƙauyuka biyu a Methana a zamanin Rumawa, ɗaya a Panagitsa da wani a Annabi Iliya da Helona. Wani matsugunin da alama ya wanzu a yammacin Kounoupitsa, inda cocin Agia Barbara yake da kuma majami'u na Agios Dimitrios da Agios Ioannis theologian, wanda aka gina a karni na 13 da frescoed, suna samuwa.  Yana da alama cewa mamayewar Slavic ba ta shafi tsibiri ba, amma daga baya a cikin zamanin da ya shafi hare-hare. A cikin karni na 14, lokacin da al'ummar yankin ke raguwa, Arvanites sun zauna a yankin Methana. 

A lokacin yakin Girka na 'yancin kai, daruruwan 'yan gudun hijira, galibi mata da yara, sun sami mafaka a cikin yankin Methana da ba a cika yawan jama'a ba, don haka yawan Methana ya tashi daga 500-600 a cikin shekarun juyin juya hali zuwa 1,349 a cikin 1830. A cikin 1826-27 Charles Fabtress a kan sojojinsa an gina shi don kare Methana. A cikin 1834 Methana ta zama gundumar da aka haɗa zuwa lardin Kalavria, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumomin Methana, Troizina, Dryopi da Kalavria. 

 Fitattun Mutane 

 Giorgos Batis (1885-1967) mawaki
 Lina Nikolakopoulou

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba