Te Henga / Bethells Beach

Te , ko Bethells Beach, al'umma ce ta bakin teku a New Zealand">Yammacin Auckland, New Zealand . Sunan Māori na yankin, "Te Henga", yana nufin dogon foredunes wanda ke gudana tare da rairayin bakin teku kuma yayi kama da Henga ko gunwale na wani Wakaka mai juyawa. Wannan sunan da farko ya shafi wani yanki mai faɗi na kwarin Waitakere River, amma a farkon shekarun 1900 yankin ya zama sananne tare da baƙi na Turai waɗanda suka fara komawa yankin a matsayin "Bethells Beach" bayan iyalin Bethell waɗanda ke zaune a can kuma har yanzu suna da yawancin yankin. A shekara ta 1976 Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta New Zealand ta ba da sunan yankin "Te Henga (Bethells Beach) ".

Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana da kusan  (23  a yammacin birnin Auckland, a bakin Kogin Waitakere inda yake gudana cikin Tekun Tasman. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren shakatawa a yankin (wasu sun haɗa da Muriwai, Piha da Karekare), an kiyasta shi na 4th mafi haɗari rairayin bakin teku a New Zealand don yin iyo saboda karfi da raƙuman ruwa. Akwai mutuwar mutane da yawa ciki har da a cikin 2009, tauraron Rugby League Sonny Fai, wanda ba a taɓa samunsa ba. Yana fuskantar fashewar yawan jama'a a lokacin rani tare da dubban baƙi. Wannan ya sanya matsin lamba mai yawa a kan ababen more rayuwa da muhalli tare da karuwar tarkace da batutuwan ajiye motoci. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="(September 2020)">citation needed</span>]

 Tarihi da al'adu 
Kwarin Te Henga ya nuna shaidar mazaunin ɗan adam wanda ya dawo ƙarni da yawa. Rubuce-rubucen carbon na harsashi na tsakiya a tsibirin Kauwahaia sun koma aƙalla shekara ta 1600.  Tarihin al'adu na yankin yana da mahimman wuraren tarihi, gami da wuraren tattara abinci, pā (garkuwa), hanyoyin tafiya, saukowar jirgin ruwa da wurare masu tsarki."Te Henga Park Reserve Management Plan: Description of Te Henga Park" (PDF).  Te Henga da Kogin Waitākere sun kasance manyan wuraren zama na iwi Te Kawerau ā Maki,  tare da mutane da yawa da aka samu a kusa da tsibirai, ƙauyuka da yankunan cikin gida kusa da Te Henga.  Wani dutse a bakin rairayin bakin teku zuwa arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Ihumoana shine sunan Wai-tākere ("ruwa mai tasowa"),  wanda daga baya aka yi amfani da shi ga Kogin Waitākere, Ranges, da West Auckland gabaɗaya.

A tsakiyar 1800s, yawancin yankin (1,180 hectare (2,900 acres)) an sanya shi a matsayin Waitakere da Puketotara Native Reserve. Wadannan wuraren ajiyar 'yan asalin sun kasance 'maras amfani' ga mutanen Kawerau su ci gaba da rayuwa har abada. Kotun Kasa ta Kasa, wadda aka kirkira a 1865, wacce ta dogara da tsarin shari'ar mazauna, kuma ta canza sunan al'ada zuwa ƙasa a cikin taken mutum, ta lalata samar da wuraren ajiya na asali. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya an sayar da yawancin ƙasar ga baƙi na Turai. Zuwan Turawa a karni na 19 ya haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin halin da siffar Te Henga (Bethells Beach). Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan canje-canje shine share ƙasar don katako da aikin gona wanda ya fara a 1854 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 1920. Bugu da kari, an gina madatsar ruwa a kan Kogin Waitakere a cikin shekarun 1920, wanda ya canza matakin kogin sosai kuma ya rage fitowar ruwa zuwa teku."Te Henga Park Reserve Management Plan: Description of Te Henga Park" (PDF).  Kafin a gina madatsar ruwan, kogin Waitākere a Te Henga wani shafin ne inda aka girbe flax na New Zealand.

A cikin sassan daga wata wasika ta 23 ga Satumba 1853, Henry Waterhouse na Waiti ya bayyana fashewar jirgin ruwa Helena, kusa da bakin Kogin Waitakere a Te Henga . Ruwa mai nauyi da ruwa mai shigowa sun sa jirgin ya fashe kashi biyu, wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka bakwai ciki har da kyaftin din. Mutane hudu da suka tsira sun sami ceto daga maza biyu na Kawerau Māori da suka dawo daga farautar alade, wadanda suka kula da su na kwanaki da yawa kafin su raka su zuwa Auckland.

John Bethell ya tattauna da Majalisar Waitakere County don sayar da ƙasar da yanzu ake kira Te Henga Park . Majalisar ta yi la'akari da rairayin bakin teku da wurin shakatawa za su samar da kyawawan wuraren shakatawa ga mazaunan Auckland. An san Te Henga a matsayin wuri mai muhimmanci na yanki."Te Henga Park Reserve Management Plan: Description of Te Henga Park" (PDF). 

Te Henga / Bethells Beach shine wurin da mai zane-zane na mata Juliet Batten ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na mata 100 a shekarar 1985.

A farkon 2023, ambaliyar Auckland Anniversary da Cyclone Gabrielle sun haifar da ambaliyar Kogin Waitākere, wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga hanyoyi, gadoji da gidaje a yankin. Sassan Te Henga Walkway sun lalace lokacin da dutsen ya rushe. An sake buɗe wani ɓangare na hanyar a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.

 Yawan jama'a 
Kididdiga ta New Zealand ta kwatanta Tekun Bethells a matsayin wurin zama na karkara, wanda ya shafi     kuma yana da kiyasin yawan jama'a 260 tun daga June 2024,  tare da yawan jama'a na mutane  a kowace km 2 . Matsakaicin wani yanki ne na babban yanki na Kididdigar Tekun Muriwai-Bethells.

Bethells Beach tana da yawan mutane 255 a cikin Ƙididdigar New Zealand ta 2023, raguwar mutane 9 (-3.4%) tun ƙididdigarsa ta 2018, kuma ba ta canza ba tun ƙididdiga ta 2013. Akwai maza 123, mata 132 da mutane 3 na wasu jinsi a cikin gidaje 108. 5.9% na mutanen da aka gano a matsayin LGBTIQ+. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 47.8 (idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 38.1 a cikin ƙasa). Akwai mutane 36 (14.1%) da ba su kai shekara 15 ba, 39 (15.3%) masu shekaru 15 zuwa 29, 135 (52.9%) masu shekaru 30 zuwa 64, da 39 (15.3) masu shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.

Mutane na iya ganewa a matsayin kabilanci fiye da ɗaya. Sakamakon ya kasance 95.3% na Turai (Pākehā); 14.1% Māori; 7.1% Pasifika; 1.2% na Asiya; da 2.4% na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Latin Amurka da Afirka New Zealanders (MELAA). 98.8%, yaren Māori 1.2%, Samoan 1.2%, da sauran harsuna 10.6%. Adadin mutanen da aka haifa a kasashen waje ya kai 21.2, idan aka kwatanta da 28.8% a cikin ƙasa.

Addinai sun kasance 9.4% Kirista, 1.2% Hindu, 1.2% Māori addinan, 1.2% Buddha, 2.4% New Age, da 1.2% sauran addinai. Mutanen da suka amsa cewa ba su da addini sun kasance 75.3%, kuma 8.2% na mutane ba su amsa tambayar ƙidayar ba.

Daga cikin wadanda aƙalla shekaru 15, mutane 51 (23.3%) suna da digiri na farko ko mafi girma, 111 (50.7%) suna da takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ko difloma, kuma mutane 30 (13.7%) suna riƙe da cancantar makarantar sakandare. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga ya kasance $ 43,300, idan aka kwatanta da $ 41,500 a cikin ƙasa. Mutane 21 (9.6%) sun sami sama da $ 100,000 idan aka kwatanta da 12.1% a cikin ƙasa. Matsayin aiki na wadanda aƙalla 15 shine cewa mutane 111 (50.7%) suna aiki na cikakken lokaci, 36 (16.4%) na ɗan lokaci ne, kuma 6 (2.7%) ba su da aikin yi."Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". 

 Yankin ƙididdigar Muriwai Valley-Bethells Beach 
Muriwai Valley-Bethells Beach statistical area, which does not include Muriwai settlement, covers  and had an estimated population of 1,210 as of June 2024,[22] with a population density of  people per km2.

Muriwai Valley-Bethells Beach yana da yawan mutane 1,089 a cikin Ƙididdigar New Zealand ta 2023, raguwar mutane 15 (-1.4%) tun ƙidayar 2018, da kuma karuwar mutane 144 (15.2%) tun ƙididdigarsa ta 2013. Akwai maza 528, mata 555 da mutane 3 na wasu jinsi a cikin gidaje 378. Kashi 3.6% na mutanen da aka gano a matsayin LGBTIQ+. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 42.9 (idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 38.1 a cikin ƙasa). Akwai mutane 225 (20.7%) da ba su kai shekara 15 ba, 150 (13.8%) masu shekaru 15 zuwa 29, 552 (50.7%) masu shekaru 30 zuwa 64, da 162 (14.9%) masu shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.

Mutane na iya ganewa a matsayin kabilanci fiye da ɗaya. Sakamakon ya kasance 95.0% Turai (Pākehā); 13.2% Māori; 3.6% Pasifika; 3.3% Asiya; 0.8% Gabas ta Tsakiya, Latin Amurka da Afirka New Zealanders (MELAA); da kuma 1.7% wasu, wanda ya haɗa da mutanen da ke ba da kabilansu a matsayin "New Zealander". 98.3%, yaren Māori 1.4%, Samoan 0.3%, da sauran harsuna 8.8%. Babu wani harshe da za a iya magana da 1.4% (misali matasa da yawa don magana). Harshen Kurame na New Zealand an san shi da 0.6%. Adadin mutanen da aka haifa a kasashen waje ya kasance 19.3, idan aka kwatanta da 28.8% a cikin ƙasa.

Haɗin addini sun kasance 15.7% Kirista, 0.3% Hindu, 0.3% Islama, 0.3% Addinin Māori, 0.3% Buddha, 0.8% New Age, da 1.1% sauran addinai. Mutanen da suka amsa cewa ba su da addini sun kasance 73.0%, kuma 8.0% na mutanen ba su amsa tambayar ƙidayar ba.

Daga cikin wadanda aƙalla shekaru 15, mutane 189 (21.9%) suna da digiri na farko ko mafi girma, 474 (54.9%) suna le takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ko difloma, kuma mutane 126 (14.6%) suna da cancantar makarantar sakandare kawai. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga ya kasance $ 45,400, idan aka kwatanta da $ 41,500 a cikin ƙasa. Mutane 153 (17.7%) sun sami sama da $ 100,000 idan aka kwatanta da 12.1% a cikin ƙasa. Matsayin aiki na wadanda akalla 15 shine cewa mutane 441 (51.0%) suna aiki na cikakken lokaci, 159 (18.4%) sun kasance na ɗan lokaci, kuma 27 (3.1%) ba su da aikin yi."Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". 

 Marae 
Te Henga wuri ne na taron kabilanci ga yankin iwi na Te Kawerau a Maki .  A tarihi akwai marae da yawa da suka bazu a kusa da yankin Te Henga (Bethells Beach), duk da haka waɗannan shafuka yanzu duk suna cikin mallakar masu zaman kansu da gidaje. A halin yanzu iwi suna cikin tattaunawa tare da Majalisar Auckland don kafa sabon marae a Te Henga don su iya komawa ga asalin kakanninsu.

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Shekaru 7,000 da suka gabata, lokacin da matakan teku suka tashi bayan Last Glacial Maximum, Te Henga / Bethells Beach da kewayen yankin ciki har da Tafkin Wainamu sun zama wani ɓangare na Kogin Waitākere. A tsawon lokaci, yashi na Tekun Tasman ya tara a Te Henga, ya samar da yashi da tabkuna na ruwa mai laushi. Yankin yashi ya tara a matakai da yawa a cikin shekaru 4,500 da suka gabata. Wadannan yashi suna dauke da adadi mai yawa na baƙar fata titanomagnetite wanda aka samo daga dutsen dutse na Taranaki kuma an kai shi arewa ta hanyar raƙuman bakin teku. Dunes suna ci gaba da motsawa a cikin tsari mai ƙarfi na bakin teku. Akwai tabkuna uku da aka hana su: Tafkin Wainamu, Tafkin Kawaupaku da Tafkin Waiataru .

Yankunan ruwa na Te Henga sun samo asali ne a matsayin tafkin ruwa mai laushi a lokaci guda kamar sauran tabkuna uku. An lalata tafkin a cikin 1910 tare da gina madatsar ruwa da tafkin Waitākere, wanda ya sa matakan ruwa suka tashi kuma ruwa ya zama mafi laka. Yankunan ruwa sun fara samuwa a tsakiyar shekarun 1920.Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). 

 Muhalli na Kogin Waitakere 
Kogin Waitākere ya ƙunshi kusan 70 km2 na tsaunukan Waitākere. Yana kan iyakar yammacin yankin Auckland kusan kashi 75% na tafkin ya ƙunshi ciyayi na asali duk da yawan niƙa, noma da sulhu. 

 yawan tsire-tsire na asali
 filin da ke da tsawo da tsawo
 Yankin ruwa na Te Henga
 dunes na yashi
 Tafkin Wainamu
 Rashin ruwa na Waitākere

Kogin Waitakere yana da manyan magudanan ruwa guda biyu, kogin Mokoroa da Waiti. Ruwan kogin yana cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo na Waitākere kuma yana fitowa a bakin kogin Bethell's Beach.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran rairayin bakin teku na Arewa, kuma har zuwa wani mataki har ma da rairayin kan iyakar yammacin Muriwai da Piha, zama a Bethells ya kasance ƙarami tare da mafi yawan ci gaba da ke kewaye da aikin gona da aikin gona.

Baya ga tafkin Waitākere albarkatun ruwa sun tsere wa ci gaba.
A cikin 1990 Hukumar Ruwa ta Yankin Auckland ta haɓaka kuma ta shirya shirin Ruwa da Ruwa na Waitakere. Wannan takardar Dokar Gudanar da Ruwa ta riga ta yi niyyar magance buƙatun ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa a cikin tarin dangane da "tsaron, rarraba, amfani da ingancin ruwa na halitta da kuma dangane da kiyaye ƙasa da hana lalacewa daga ambaliyar ruwa. " Kodayake wannan takardar ta kai ƙarni na huɗu a cikin 2015, yawancin ka'idodinta har yanzu suna aiki.

 Ayyuka 

 Gudun ruwa shine babban abin sha'awa. Sauran lokutan nishaɗi sun haɗa da parasailing da rataye gliding, wanda iska ta yamma sau da yawa ke ba da yanayi mai kyau.
 Kifi ma sananne ne, kodayake yana da haɗari a wurare da yawa kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa sun faru daga wannan.
 Ana ƙarfafa tafiya a cikin daji, tare da tituna a wurin.
 Yin wanka da rana, yin iyo, yin biki, gudu da dai sauransu.
 Skimboarding kuma yana zama sananne ga matasa.

 Wurin fim din 
An yi amfani da rairayin bakin teku a matsayin wurin yin fim don ayyukan da yawa, ɗaya daga cikin farkon shine harbi na watanni huɗu don jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Children of Fire Mountain (1979). Sauran harbe-harbe sun haɗa da bidiyon kiɗa na Shania Twain "Forever and for Always" (2003), "Out of the Woods" don Taylor Swift, jerin shirye-shiryen TV The New Adventures of Black Beauty da The Wilds[1], Brit / New Zealand TV fim The Man Who Lost His Head, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na Xena: Warrior Princess, Young Hercules, da Hercules: The Legendary Journeys . An kuma yi fim din yaƙi na New Disney Channel Original fim din Avalon High a can. Bugu da kari, K-pop singer Taeyeon ta farko solo music video I, da kuma karshen al'amuran Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny kuma an yi fim a nan.

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba