Canjin yanayi a Japan

Canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga yawan mutane da muhalli na Japan. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasar ta lura da canje-canje masu ban sha'awa a cikin yanayin yanayi, tare da hauhawar yanayin zafi yana aiki a matsayin sanannen alamar wannan sabon abu. Al'ummar tana fuskantar yanayi daban-daban, daga hunturu mai sanyi na Hokkaido zuwa yanayin zafi na Okinawa. Canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafin jiki suna da damar rushe yanayin halittu, tasiri ga yawan aikin gona, canza albarkatun ruwa, da kuma haifar da manyan ƙalubale ga ababen more rayuwa da mazaunan mutane.

Gwamnatin Japan tana ƙara aiwatar da Manufofin canjin yanayi don amsawa. An soki gwamnati saboda rashin ingantaccen shiri don isa ga alkawarinta na fitar da iskar gas mai guba a shekara ta 2050. A matsayinta na mai sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, kuma mai karɓar bakuncin taron 1997 wanda ya kirkireshi, Japan tana ƙarƙashin wajibai na yarjejeniya don rage hayakin carbon dioxide da kuma ɗaukar wasu matakai da suka shafi hana canjin yanayi.

 Rashin iskar gas 
Daga cikin hayakin GHG na duniya, Japan tana da alhakin .6%. Matsakaicin adadin hayaki na CO ga kowane mutum a Japan kusan ninki biyu ne na matsakaicin duniya. An rage fitarwa dan kadan tun daga shekara ta 2013 kuma an saita fitarwa ta hanyar 2050.
class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Japan tana daya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da iskar gas, a cikin ƙasa da kuma kowane mutum.● Emissions data source:  (archive on Our World in Data)● Country population data source: 
Japan ta yi alƙawarin zama tsaka tsaki na carbon nan da 2050.  A cikin 2019 Japan ta fitar da 1212 Mt CO 2eq,  Tushen CO  na kowane mutum ya kasance ton 9.31 a cikin 2017  kuma shine na 5th mafi girma na samar da iskar carbon .    Fitar da iskar gas da Japan ke fitarwa ya wuce kashi 2% na jimillar shekara ta duniya,  wani bangare saboda kwal yana samar da sama da kashi 30% na wutar lantarki.  Har yanzu ana kan gina tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka harba kwal a shekarar 2021  wasu na iya zama kadarorin da suka makale . 
+Kasuwancin carbon dioxide daga makamashi, 2011-2021 (Mt CO2) : 12: 12 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020211237.31324.51314.11280.41239.91220.21214.11192.41151.41058.31081.7
Lissafi a cikin 2021 ya nuna cewa don ba duniya damar 50% na guje wa hauhawar zafin jiki na digiri 2 ko fiye, Japan ya kamata ta kara alkawuran yanayi da kashi 49%. Don damar 95%, ya kamata ya kara alkawurran da 151%. Don damar 50% na zama ƙasa da digiri 1.5, Japan ya kamata ta kara alkawuranta da kashi 229%. : Tebur 1 Binciken Maris 2021 na Climate Action Tracker ya ce Japan ya kamata ta rage hayakin gas mai gurbata muhalli don haka nan da 2030 hayakin ya zama 60% a ƙasa da matakan 2013; wannan zai goyi bayan burin iyakance dumama zuwa 1.5 ° C. 
+CO2 emission by sectorSector20192021Energy432.93430Industry279.2269Transportation198.58178Commercial industry64.7159.9Households53.3651.6Industrial processes45.1743Waste30.8829.9Other3.112.9
Bugu da ƙari, Japan ta ga raguwar hayaki na shekara-shekara, tare da raguwar kashi 5.3% a hayaki na masana'antu saboda raguwar samar da ƙarfe. Gishiri na gida ya ragu da kashi 1.4%, yayin da hayaki na motoci ya karu da kashi 3.9%. Duk da wadannan canje-canje, Japan har yanzu ta dogara sosai da burbushin burbushin, wanda ya zama kusan kashi 70% na samar da wutar lantarki. Dangane da makamashi mai sabuntawa, Japan na da niyyar 10 gigawatts na ƙarfin iska na waje nan da 2030 amma a halin yanzu ana sa ran kaiwa 4.4 gigawatts kawai.

A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2025, Japan ta kafa sabbin manufofi don rage hayakin iskar gas da kashi 60% nan da shekara ta 2035 da 73% nan da shekara de 2040, yayin da take da niyyar sabuntawa don samar da kashi 50% na wutar lantarki nan da shekara a shekara ta 2040. Manufofin makamashi da masana'antu da aka sake sabuntawa suna mai da hankali kan decarbonization, tsaro na makamashi, da ci gaban tattalin arziki, duk da kalubalen da ke cikin makamashi na iska da makamashin nukiliya.

 Sufuri 
Sashin sufuri yana da asusun 20% daga cikin jimlar fitarwa na Japan. A cikin sashin sufuri, galibi ana amfani da man fetur ne. Wannan bangare na musamman a halin yanzu ya dogara da man fetur kuma an tsara shi don ci gaba da yin hakan na ɗan lokaci. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen da za a yi amfani da shi don cire carbon a bangaren sufuri shine farashin irin waɗannan fasahohin da ake buƙata don canji. Hanyar fitarwa tana raguwa a cikin bangaren tun daga shekara ta 2001 saboda ingancin man fetur na motoci da raguwar yawan jama'a.

 Samar da makamashi da man fetur 
An samar da makamashi ne daga burbushin burbushin halittu, wanda ya kai kashi 88% na jimlar samar da makamancin farko a cikin 2019. Abubuwan burbushin sun hada da haɗin mai (38%), kwal (27%) da gas (23%).  A cikin shekara ta 2012, Bala'in Fukushima ya haifar da karuwar dogaro da Japan akan man fetur. An yi tasiri ga samar da makamashi ta hanyar fitar da makamashin nukiliya,  tare da kashi 4% kawai na samarwa daga tushen nukiliya a cikin 2019 idan aka kwatanta da 15% a cikin 2010. Ana shigo da man fetur na burbushin halittu kuma babban dogaro da tushen da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba yana sa ya zama da wahala a isa ga al'umma mai tsaka-tsaki. Daga cikin jimlar samar da makamashi na farko na Japan, kashi 8% ne kawai aka yi daga hanyoyin sabuntawa; duk da haka, an ninka wannan sau biyu tun daga 1990.

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