Manufofin muhalli na gwamnatin Joe Biden

Manufofin muhalli na Gwamnatin Joe Biden sun hada da jerin dokoki, ka'idoji, da shirye-shiryen da Shugaban Amurka Joe Biden ya gabatar daga 2021 zuwa 2025. Yawancin matakan da gwamnatin Biden ta dauka sun sauya ko kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su sauya Manufofin wa'adin farko na wanda ya riga shi, Donald Trump.

Manufofin canjin yanayi na Biden sun mayar da hankali kan rage hayakin gas, kamar kokarin da Gwamnatin Obama ta dauka. Biden ya kuma yi alkawarin kawo karshen da kuma mayar da lalacewar gandun daji da lalaceyar ƙasa a shekara ta 2030. Babban burin yanayi na gwamnatin Biden shine rage hayakin gas din da Amurka ke fitarwa zuwa zero nan da shekarar 2050. An kirkiro ƙungiyar yanayi don jagorantar ƙoƙarin.  

A ranar farko da ya hau mulki, Biden ya fara yin canje-canje na manufofi don kare muhalli. Ya fara ne ta hanyar sake dubawa da karfafa Dokar Manufofin Muhalli ta Kasa (NEPA) da kuma ba da umarni da yawa na zartarwa da nufin sake dubawa ko rushe Manufofin muhalli na tsohuwar gwamnati; waɗannan manufofi sun haɗa da cire wasu kariya ga namun daji,  gina bututun Keystone XL,  da hako man fetur da iskar gas a ƙasashen tarayya.  A wannan rana, Biden ya sa Amurka ta sake shiga Yarjejeniyar Paris. Biden ya kuma goyi bayan Adalci na yanayi    da kuma Sufuri mai ɗorewa. 

Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin Biden ta gabatar da shirin haraji ga Majalisa da nufin maye gurbin tallafin man fetur, tare da ƙarfafawa don makamashi mai kore. Kudin da aka tsara ya haɗa da karuwar kashi 30% na kudade don makamashi mai tsabta, gami da a cikin yankunan karkara. Biden ya kuma ba da umarnin adadin makamashi da aka samar daga turbines na iska na bakin teku da za a ninka shi sau biyu a shekara ta 2030. A watan Afrilu na 2021, Biden ta dauki bakuncin taron koli na yanayi tare da shugabannin duniya 40. A watan Nuwamba na 2021, ya ci gaba da matakan rage dumamar yanayi tare da sauran shugabannin duniya a Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021 (COP26). Bayan shekaru hudu na rashin halarta a karkashin tsohon shugaban kasar, Amurka ta nemi sake samun amincinta. A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Biden ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Zuba Jari da Ayyuka,  babban ginshiƙi na manufofin muhalli.  Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2022, gwamnatin Biden ta kirkiro jimlar manufofi na muhalli 54 kuma ta ba da shawarar karin 43.

A watan Agustan 2022, Biden ya sanya hannu kan dokar Rage Farashin Farashi ta 2022, wanda ya hada da mafi girman saka hannun jari na canjin yanayi na tarayya a tarihin Amurka. Dokar tana da ikon ƙirƙirar dala tiriliyan 3 a cikin saka hannun jari na yanayi a cikin 2022-2032 da dala tiriliyon 11 a cikin saka idanu gaba ɗaya a cikin shekara ta 2050. Dangane da wasu kimantawa, tare da Dokar Rage Farashin Farashi da sauran matakan tarayya da jihohi, Amurka na iya cimma alkawarinta a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris na raguwar iskar gas mai guba 50%-52% daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa shekara ta 2030.  

Wasu kungiyoyin muhalli, ciki har da Sierra Club, Sunrise Movement, Earthjustice, da sauransu, sun yi iƙirarin cewa Shugaba Biden ya ɗauki matakai 322 don kare muhalli - fiye da kowane shugaban a tarihi.

 Manufofin cikin gida 
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Majalisar Fadar White House kan Ingancin Muhalli ta fitar da rahoto wanda ya bayyana yadda gwamnatin Biden ta bi shawarwari 200 na Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Muhalli ta Fadar White. Cikakken rahoton yana da kusan shafuka 150; ya taƙaita yawancin matakan da gwamnati ta dauka a yankin muhalli. Daga cikin wasu, ya ambaci: 

 Kudin da ba a taɓa gani ba don Aiwatar da ingancin makamashi da kuma yanayin yanayi
 Inganta Ci gaban da aka tsara ta hanyar wucewa, tafiya, keke, da ci gaban amfani da aka haɗaci gaban amfani da gauraye
 Inganta hadin kai tare da 'Yan asalin Amurka a cikin batutuwan muhalli

 Ma'aikatan ƙungiyar yanayi tun daga shekara ta 2024 
Ya zuwa 2024, jami'ai masu zuwa sun hada da tawagar Joe Biden don ci gaba da manufofinsa kan canjin yanayi: 
+SunanOfishinTarihiGina McCarthyMai ba da shawara kan yanayin yanayi na kasa (Janairu 2021-Satumba 2022) Mai kula da EPA, mai ba da shawara kan muhalli ga gwamnoni biyarAli ZaidiMai ba da shawara kan yanayin yanayi na kasa (Satumba 2022-Janairu 2025) Jami'in Gudanarwa da Kasafin Kudi, lauya da ke mai da hankali kan dorewa da canjin yanayiJohn KerryWakilin Musamman don Canjin Yanayi (Janairu 2021-Maris 2024) Sakataren Gwamnati, ya taimaka wajen kirkirar Yarjejeniyar Paris kuma ya sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin Amurka John PodestaBabban Mai ba da shawara ga Manufofin Yanayi na Duniya (mai maye gurbin Wakilin Musamman) Tsohon Shugaban Ma'aikatan Fadar White House na Bill Clinton, ya tsara manufofin yanayi a karkashin Shugaba ObamaJennifer GranholmSakataren MakamashiGwamnan Michigan, ya ba da shawarar amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, motocin lantarki da samar da aikiDeb HaalandSakataren Cikin Gidamemba na Majalisa, mai tallafawa Green New DealSabon Yarjejeniyar GreenMichael ReganMai kula da Hukumar Kare MuhalliSakataren Ma'aikatar Ingancin Muhalli ta Arewacin Carolina, mai kula da muhalliBrenda MalloryDaraktan Majalisar kan Ingancin MuhalliBabban mai ba da shawara na Hukumar Kare Muhalli, lauyan muhalliTom VilsackSakataren NomaYa kuma kasance Sakataren Noma a karkashin Shugaba Obama

 Manufofin rage canjin yanayi 
Manufar karshe ta gwamnati ita ce ta kai ga tsaka-tsaki na carbon a Amurka a shekara ta 2050.  Biden yana ganin canjin yanayi a matsayin "barazanar rayuwa",  ra'ayi da yawancin masana kimiyya ke tallafawa.   A lokacin da aka rantsar da shi, Biden ya ce "Kiran don tsira ya fito ne daga duniyar kanta, kukan da ba zai iya zama mai matukar damuwa ba ko kuma a bayyane yake". Koyaya, wasu masu fafutuka sun soki manufofin gwamnati saboda rashin isa don hana canjin yanayi mai ban tsoro.

Shirin yanayi na Biden ya canza sosai a cikin 2020. Da farko, kungiyoyin muhalli da yawa sun soki shi kamar yadda ba shi da isasshen tashin hankali ko ma yana da lahani da ya saba da matsayi na baya game da yanayi. Biden ya tuntubi su, galibi ta hanyar Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces, kuma ya haɗa da yawancin shawarwarinsu a cikin shirye-shiryensa, bayan haka ya sami ƙarin tallafi.

A cikin 2021, gwamnatin ta kafa burin cimma matsaya daga bangaren wutar lantarki ta hanyar 2035.(Sauran bangarorin da ke da hayaki mai yawa sune noma da gine-gine.) Shirin yanayi na Biden ya haɗa da karuwa mai ƙarfi a cikin gine-Ginin kore; bisa ga shirin, ya kamata a inganta gine-gine miliyan huɗu a Amurka, da kuma miliyan 2 a cikin shekaru huɗu masu zuwa. Ana sa ran wannan zai haifar da ayyukan kore miliyan ɗaya, yayin da ake sa ran duk shirin yanayi zai haifar da ayyuka masu kore miliyan 10. Wannan lambar ta fi karami fiye da wasu shawarwari kamar Green New Deal, duk da haka, wanda ke da'awar tabbatar da aiki ga kowane Ba'amurke. 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba