Microplastics

Microplastics sune "ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙira ko matrix na polymer, tare da siffar yau da kullun ko mara kyau kuma tare da girman daga 1 μm zuwa 5 mm, na ko dai asalin masana'antu na farko ko na biyu, waɗanda ba za a iya warware su a cikin ruwa ba".

Microplastics suna haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi ta hanyar shiga yanayin halitta daga tushe daban-daban, gami da kayan shafawa, tufafi, gini, gyare-gyare, kayan kwalliya, da hanyoyin masana'antu.

Ana amfani da kalmar microplastics don rarrabewa daga mafi girma, Sharar filastik ba microscopic ba. A halin yanzu an gane rarrabuwa biyu na microplastics. Microplastics na farko sun haɗa da duk wani sashi na filastik ko barbashi wanda ya riga ya zama 5.0 mm a girman ko ƙasa kafin shiga cikin muhalli. Wadannan sun hada da microfibers daga tufafi, microbeads, glitter na filastik  da pellets na filastic (wanda aka fi sani da nurdles).   Microplastics na biyu ya taso ne daga lalacewa (rugujewa) na manyan kayayyakin filastik ta hanyar hanyoyin yanayi na halitta bayan shiga cikin muhalli. Irin waɗannan tushen microplastics na biyu sun haɗa da kwalabe na ruwa da soda, tarun kamun kifi, jaka na filastik, kwantena na microwave, jaka na shayi da lalacewar taya.  .

Dukkanin nau'ikan biyu an gane su da ci gaba a cikin muhalli a manyan matakan, musamman a cikin yanayin ruwa da na ruwa, inda suke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa.

Kimanin kashi 35% na dukkan microplastics na teku sun fito ne daga masana'antu / tufafi, da farko saboda lalacewar polyester, acrylic, ko tufafin nailan, sau da yawa yayin aikin wankewa. Microplastics kuma suna tarawa a cikin iska da yanayin ƙasa. An gano microplastics na iska a cikin yanayi, da kuma cikin gida da waje. 

Because plastics degrade slowly (often over hundreds to thousands of years), microplastics have a high probability of ingestion, incorporation into, and accumulation in the bodies and tissues of many organisms. The toxic chemicals that come from both the ocean and runoff can also biomagnify up the food chain. In terrestrial ecosystems, microplastics have been demonstrated to reduce the viability of soil ecosystems. As of 2023, the cycle and movement of microplastics in the environment was not fully known. Microplastics in surface sample ocean surveys might have been underestimated as deep layer ocean sediment surveys in China found that plastics are present in deposition layers far older than the invention of plastics.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span>]

Microplastics na iya lalacewa zuwa ƙananan nanoplastics ta hanyar hanyoyin sinadarai, rushewar inji, har ma da hanyoyin narkewar dabbobi. Nanoplastics wani sashi ne na microplastics kuma sun fi karami fiye da 1 μm (1 micrometer ko 1000 nm). Nanoplastics ba za a iya gani da ido na mutum ba. 

 Rarraba 
Kalmar "microplastics" an gabatar da ita ne a shekara ta 2004 ta hanyar Farfesa Richard Thompson, masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa a Jami'ar Plymouth a Ingila.Boctor, Joseph (2025). "Microplastics and nanoplastics: fate, transport, and governance from agricultural soil to food webs and humans". Environmental Science Europe. 37 (1) 68. Bibcode:2025ESEur..37...68B. doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01104-x.

Microplastics sun zama ruwan dare a duniyarmu a yau. A cikin shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta cewa akwai tsakanin tiriliyan 15 zuwa 51 na microplastic a cikin tekun duniya, wanda aka kiyasta ya auna tsakanin 93,000 da 236,000 tan.   A karkashin tasirin hasken rana, iska, raƙuman ruwa da sauran dalilai, filastik ya lalace zuwa ƙananan raguwa da aka sani da microplastics, ko ma nanoplastics.

 Microplastics na farko 

 Manazarta 
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