Mummy mai gubar

The Plomo Mummy (wanda aka fi sani da Boy of El Plomo, El Plomo Mumgy, ko La Momia del Cerro El Plomo a cikin Mutanen Espanya) shine ragowar wani yaro Incan da aka samo a Cerro El plomo kusa da Santiago, Chile a cikin shekara ta 1954.  Guillermo Chacón Carrasco, Jaime Ríos Abarca, da Luis Gerardo Ríos Barrueto ne suka gano shi. An kawo mummy ga Grete Mostny a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Kasa na Chile; daga baya ta tabbatar da kayan aiki a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na samfurin. The Plomo Mummy shine sanannen mummy na farko da aka gano na Capacocha mai girman kai wanda Incas suka yi,   aikin da ake kira qhapaq hucha .

Mummy ta asali tana nunawa har zuwa 1982, lokacin da aka ƙaddara cewa don kiyaye kiyaye shi zai fi kyau a maye gurbin shi da kwafi. Gidan kayan tarihi na tarihi na kasa da ke Santiago, Chile ne ke kula da mummy, kuma a halin yanzu ana nuna kwafin mummy a bainar jama'a.

 Zana'iza 
An kiyaye mummy na El Plomo da kyau saboda tsayin daka da ƙarancin zafi. Yana cikin rami mai zurfin mita 1, an lulluɓe shi da dutsen dutse a ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan gine-ginen dutse. Yaron yana zaune yana rungume da gwiwoyinsa. Dalilin mutuwar wannan yaron shi ne don sadaukar da yara. Ba a tabbatar da musabbabin mutuwar ba, amma mai yiyuwa ne saboda shakewa bayan an binne shi da rai. An samu tabon amai a kusa da lebban yaron da kuma kan tufafinsa. Wani bayani mai yuwuwa game da wannan shine ana ba shi giyan masara da coca don haifar da lahani ga sadaukarwa.

Jikin ya cika tufafi; Yawancin kayan tufafi an yi su ne daga alpaca ko ulu llama. Tufafin nasa na kunshe da bakar riga mara hannu, babban shawl mai launin toka, rigar riga da aka yi mata ado da gashin tsuntsu. Akwai moccasins na fata da ba a yi amfani da su ba a ƙafafunsa kuma an yi amfani da rigar kai don kiyaye gashin kansa. Hakanan yana sanye da kayan adon azurfa guda biyu, babban abin hannu da abin lanƙwasa mai siffar H, dukkansu suna nuni da matsayi mai girma ko na jama'a.

An binne tare da gawar wasu kayan kaburbura. Waɗannan sun haɗa da siffofi masu yawa, gunki na azurfa na mace sanye da ƙananan kaya, llama da aka lulluɓe da zinariya, da kuma wani llama da aka yi daga jajayen harsashi. Wata ‘yar karamar buhun da aka saka tana dauke da ganyen koko wanda har yanzu yana fitar da kamshi. A ƙarshe, ƙwallo da yawa da aka yi daga hanjin dabbobi sun ƙunshi gashin ɗan adam, yanke farce, da hakora. Tare da sadaukarwar da yaron da kansa ya yi, ana amfani da waɗannan abubuwa don faranta wa gumakan dutse rai don su daina bala’i na halitta, inganta yanayi mai kyau da haihuwa, ko kuma don wasu al’amuran addini.

 Bincike 
Ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1954, wasu gungun masu hawan dutse sun gano jikin wani yaro kafin Colombian a kololuwar dutsen El Plomo (a tsayin ƙafa 17,716) wanda ke cikin tsaunin Andes kusa da Santiago, Chile. Guillermo Chacón Carrasco, Luis Gerardo Ríos Barrueto, da Jaime Ríos Abarca sun tashi daga ƙauyen Puente Alto, kusa da Santiago, a ƙarshen Janairu. Sun kasance mahara ne waɗanda suka yi ɗan gajeren balaguro da begen neman kayan tarihi da hadayun al'ada waɗanda daga baya za su iya sayar da su. Da zarar sun isa saman dutsen El Plomo, sun haɗu da wani tsari na bikin wanda ya kunshi gine-ginen dutse guda huɗu. A karkashin daya daga cikin wadannan gine-ginen sun sami kabarin mummy da kayan kabari da ke kewaye da shi. Sun yanke shawarar daukar kayan kaburburan, amma suka mayar da gawar da aka daskare zuwa wani kogo, suka bar su su koma Puente Alto da kayayyakin da suka tara a lokacin balaguron da suke yi. Bayan 'yan makonni, sun yi tafiya zuwa Santiago a ƙoƙari na sayar da kayan tarihi ga Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (National Museum of Natural History). Ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 1954, daya daga cikin mutanen da suka sami mummy ya sanar da Dr. Grete Mostny na binciken, wanda a lokacin shi ne Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Chilean. Mostny da mutanen da suka gano mummy sun cimma yarjejeniya ta kudi, aka mika mummy gidan kayan tarihi.

An ƙaddara cewa mummy ɗan Incan ne, wanda aka sadaukar don Capacocha lokacin yana ɗan shekara takwas. An yi wa mummy suna "La Momia del Cerro el Plomo" bayan wurin bincikensa. An adana jikinsa sosai kuma an yi nazari da gwaje-gwaje kafin a nuna shi a cikin injin daskarewa na gilashi a gidan kayan tarihi na kasar Chile. Mummy ce aka gano ta sanye da kayanta a zaune tare da nade hannayensa a gwiwa. An lulluɓe gashin kansa a hankali sama da 200 kuma an riƙe shi da abin da aka yi da gashin ɗan adam. An zana fuskarsa da jajayen ratsan ocher. 

A halin yanzu, ana nuna kwafi maimakon ainihin mummy don adana ragowar ta da kyau. El Plomo mummy a halin yanzu ana ajiye shi a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Halitta na Chilean, amma a cikin ɗakin da ke da zafi da zafin jiki.

 Binciken kimiyya 
Mummy ta kasance cikin kulawa sosai saboda tsayin tsayi, ƙarancin zafi, da ƙarancin zafi. Hadayu na Incan Capacocha yana da halaye na kayan tarihi na musamman waɗanda ke ba da damar gano su: ana yin hadayun a tuddai masu tsayi, yawanci yara ne waɗanda aka yi hadaya, kuma akwai kaburbura a wurin da aka gano.

An dai tabbatar da cewa an binne shi ne da rai. Lokacin da ya zo ga hadayun Capacocha, Incas za su sa yaron da aka zaɓa don yin hadaya tare da chicha, abin sha, da ganyen coca. An gano yaron an nannade shi da riga da aka yi da ulun llama, kuma an gyara shi da gashin llama. An gano rigar tare da tabon amai a gaba, wanda ya zama shaida na amfani da chicha.

Lokacin da aka gano mummy a shekarar 1954, an yi takamaiman gwaje-gwaje ga jikin saboda lokacin. An yi Roentgenograms (Hotunan X-ray)  don bincika kwarangwal na mummy, kuma an yi bincike na coprolite.  A cikin 1982, bayan an nuna mummy a cikin gilashin firiza, an sami wasu tsaga a cikin epidermis na daya daga cikin hannayen mummy. An tuntubi reshen kula da kayayyakin tarihi na duniya na UNESCO, aka kuma bukaci su zo domin yin karin gwaje-gwaje. Anyi nazari na tsawon sati shida akan mummy domin samun karin bayani akan ragowar ta. An dauki sabbin hotuna na X-ray, kuma tare da gwaje-gwajen hakora da kuma tantancewa an gano cewa lokacin da aka yi hadayar yaron ya kai kimanin shekaru takwas. An kuma tabbatar da cewa kwarangwal bai nuna alamun rauni ba, kuma gabobin ba su da kyau. epidermis yana da wuya, amma har yanzu yadudduka na ƙasa suna da laushi. An yanke shawarar cewa za'a bar fatar jiki ta lalace kuma ba za a yi biopsy na gabobin ba, don kare yadudduka na ciki daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za su iya lalata mummy da ke da kyau. Nazarin microscopic electron da aka yi akan verrucae na hannun yaron ya nuna ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin cuta na farko da aka samu akan tsohuwar mummy.  

A cikin 2003 an yi nazari na uku, kuma Asibitin Clínico de la Universidad de Chile ya ƙirƙira 3D sake gina mummy. Sun kuma iya tantance nau'in jinin mummy tare da yin nazarin DNA.  

 Dubi kuma 

 Yaran Llullaillaco
 Mummy Juanita
 Ötzi mai ƙanƙara

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Ƙarin karantawa 

 [Hasiya] Nazarin kimiyya na mummies. Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press. ISBN 978-0521177351. An samo shi a ranar 24 ga Yuli 2012.  (shafi na 126, 157)   
  (shafi na 381)   










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