Canjin yanayi a Ukraine

Ukraine ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi girma a Turai, bayan Rasha. Yankunansa daban-daban suna da siffofi daban-daban na ƙasa daga tsaunuka zuwa ƙasƙanci, da kuma yanayin yanayi da kuma nau'o'i daban-daban a cikin hydrography. Yawancin ƙasar suna cikin Filin Gabashin Turai.

Yana kwance tsakanin latitudes 44 ° da 53 ° N, da longitudes 22 ° da 41 ° E, Ukraine ta rufe yanki na  kilomita 603,628 (233,062 sq , tare da bakin teku na kilomita 2,782 (1,729 . 

Yankin Ukraine ya kunshi mafi yawan tsaunuka masu kyau  da tsaunuka, koguna kamar Dnieper, Siverskyi Donets, Dniester da Kudancin Bug Ruwa gudana a kudu zuwa Tekun Baƙi da ƙaramin Tekun Azov. A kudu maso yamma, Danube_Delta" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Danube Delta">Delta na Danube ya zama iyaka da Romania. Duwatsun ƙasar kawai sune Dutsen Carpathian a yamma, wanda mafi girma shine Hoverla a mita 2,061 (6,762 , da Dutsen Crimea, a cikin matsanancin kudu tare da bakin teku.

Ukraine kuma tana da yankuna masu yawa kamar Volyn-Podillia Upland (a yamma) da Dnieper Upland (an gefen dama na Dnieper). A gabas akwai yankunan kudu maso yammacin Tsakiyar Rasha, wanda ke kan iyaka da Rasha. Kusa da Tekun Azov ana iya samun Donets Ridge da Azov Upland. dusar ƙanƙara da ta narke daga duwatsu tana ciyar da koguna da magudanan ruwa.

Muhimman albarkatun kasa a Ukraine sun hada da lithium,  iskar gas,  kaolin,  katako, [3] da kuma yalwar ƙasar noma. Duk da haka, kasar tana fuskantar manyan batutuwan muhalli kamar rashin isasshen ruwa mai sha, gurɓataccen iska da ruwa, sare daji, da gurɓatawar rediyo a arewa maso gabas daga hatsarin 1986 a Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.

 Yanayin ƙasa 

Ukraine tana cikin Gabashin Turai: tana kwance a kan iyakar arewacin Tekun Baƙi da Tekun Azov . Kasar tana da iyaka da Belarus a arewa, Poland, Slovakia da Hungary a yamma, Moldova da Romania a kudu maso yamma, da Rasha a gabas.

The total geographic area of Ukraine is . Ukraine has an Exclusive Economic Zone of  in the Black Sea.

The land border of Ukraine totals . The border lengths with each country are: Belarus  , Hungary  , Moldova  , Poland  , Romania  on the south and  on the west , Russia , and Slovakia  . Ukraine is also bordered by  of coastline . The border with Russia, part of which runs through the Sea of Azov, is the country's longest border.

 Taimako 
Yawancin yankunanta suna cikin Great European Plain, yayin da wasu sassan yankuna na yamma da yankuna na kudanci suna cikin Tsarin Alpine. Gabaɗaya Ukraine ta ƙunshi halittu daban-daban guda biyu: gandun daji mai gauraye zuwa tsakiyar nahiyar, da kuma tsaunuka zuwa bakin tekun Black Sea. Manyan larduna sun hada da, Polesian Lowland, Dnieper Lowland, Volhynia-Podolie Plateau, Black Sea-Azov Lowland, Donets-Azov Plateau, Tsakiyar Rasha Upland, Carpathians, da Pannonian Basin.

Yankunan yamma suna da wani sashi mai kama da tsaunuka na Carpathian, Gabashin Carpathians wanda ya shimfiɗa a fadin Poland, Ukraine da Romania. Babbar tudu ita ce Dutsen Hoverla, wanda ke da mita 2,061 (6,762  sama da matakin teku shine mafi girman matsayi a kasar. Duwatsu suna iyakance zuwa yamma, kudancin Ukraine a kan Tekun Azov. Yankin yamma yana da Dutsen Carpathian, kuma wasu duwatsu masu lalacewa daga Donets Ridge suna gabas kusa da Tekun Azov.

Yawancin yankin Ukraine suna dauke da yankin da ke arewacin Tekun Baƙi. Yawancin Ukraine sun ƙunshi filayen da ke da kyau (ko tsaunuka) da tsaunuka. Dangane da amfani da ƙasa, kashi 58% na Ukraine ana ɗaukar ƙasa mai noma; ana amfani da kashi 2% don amfanin gona na dindindin, kashi 13% don makiyaya na dindada, kashi 18% gandun daji ne da gandun daji, kuma kashi 9% wani abu ne.

 Rarrabawar jiki na Ukraine 
Yawancin Ukraine sun ƙunshi filayen yau da kullun tare da matsakaicin tsawo sama da matakin teku yana da mita 175 (574 . An kewaye shi da duwatsu a yamma da kudu. Yankunan filayen ƙasar suna cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin Gabashin Turai. Filayen suna da tsaunuka masu yawa da ƙananan ƙasashe waɗanda suka haifar da tushe mara kyau na Craton na Gabashin Turai. Yankunan tsaunuka suna da halayen duwatsu na Precambrian daga Garkuwar Ukraine.

Filayen ana ɗaukar su tsaunuka na 0-600   daga cikinsu akwai sanannun ƙasashe (flat) da tsaunuka (flat, tuddai, tuddai).

 Babban Filayen Turai (ƙananan yankin Gabashin Turai) 

 Volhynia-Podillia Upland (Volhynia- Podillia Plateau) Volhynian Upland Podolian Upland
 Yankin tsaunuka na Volhynian
 Yankin Podolian
 Ƙananan Filayen Polesia
 Khotyn Upland (wani ɓangare na Filayen Moldavian) 
 Roztocze
 Ƙananan Sian-Dniester
 Gabashin Gabashin Carpathian
 Ƙasar Polesian
 Dnieper Upland
 Ƙananan Dnieper
 Tsakiyar Rasha
 Donets-Azov Filayen Donets Upland Azov Upland Donets Ridge
 Donets Upland
 Yankin Azov
 Donets Ridge
 Tekun Baƙi-Azov Lowland Tekun Baƙar fata Lowland Crimean Lowland Azov Lowland
 Ƙasar Tekun Baƙi
 Yankin Karkawa na Crimea
 Yankin Ƙananan Azov

 Tsarin Alpine 

 Transcarpathian Lowland (ƙaruwa da Great Hungarian Plain, wani ɓangare na Gabashin Pannonian Basin) 
 Gabashin Carpathians (wani ɓangare na Dutsen Carpathian) Gabashin Gabashin Carpathian (mafi Gabashin Beskids da Ukrainian Carpathians) Gabashin Carpathia na Gabas (mafi yawan yankin Vihorlat-Gutin) 
 Gabashin Gabashin Carpathians (mafi Gabashin Beskids da Ukrainian Carpathians) 
 Gabashin Gabashin Carpathians (mafi yawan Yankin Vihorlat-Gutin) 
 Duwatsun Crimea

 Ƙasa 
Daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas ana iya raba ƙasa ta Ukraine zuwa manyan rukuni uku: 

 yanki na yashi mai yashi
 belin tsakiya wanda ya kunshi ƙasa mai baƙar fata ta Ukraine mai ni'ima (chernozems) 
 Yankin shinkafa da Ƙasa mai gishiri

Kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ƙasar ƙasar ya ƙunshi baƙar fata, hanya da ta sanya Ukraine ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu kyau a duniya kuma an san shi da "bakin burodi". Wadannan ƙasa za a iya raba su zuwa manyan rukuni uku:

 a arewa, belin chernozems mai zurfi, kimanin mita 1.5 (5 feet) mai kauri kuma mai wadata da humus
 kudu da gabas na tsohon, yanki na tsaunuka, ko talakawa, chernozems, waɗanda suke da wadataccen humus amma kawai game da 90 centimeters (3 feet) kauri
 belin kudu, wanda har ma ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma har yanzu yana da ƙarancin humus

Tsakanin wurare daban-daban da kuma arewa da yammacin iyakar zurfin chernozems sune cakuda launin toka da ƙasa mai baƙar fata, wanda tare ya mamaye yawancin sauran yankin Ukraine. Dukkanin wadannan ƙasa suna da kyau sosai lokacin da akwai isasshen ruwa. Koyaya, noma mai zurfi, musamman a kan gangaren da ke da tsawo, ya haifar da yaduwar lalacewar ƙasa da gullying.

Mafi ƙanƙantaccen ɓangaren ƙasa ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai laushi na yankunan kudanci da gabas. Suna ƙara zama masu gishiri zuwa kudu yayin da suke kusantar Tekun Baƙi.

 Rubuce-rubucen ruwa 
Yankin Ukraine yana da iyaka da ruwan Black Sea da Tekun Azov. Fiye da kashi 95% na koguna suna daga cikin kogunan ruwa na waɗannan teku biyu. Wasu koguna suna cikin yankin Tekun Baltic. Akwai manyan koguna bakwai a Ukraine: Desna, Dnipro, Dnister, Danube, Prypiat, Siverian Donets, da Southern Buh . 

 Yanayi 
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yau da kullun da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi ga manyan birane bakwai a Ukraine Wurin da yakeYuli (°C) Yuli (°F) Janairu (°C) Janairu (°F) Kyiv27/1780/62 -1/-631/22Kharkiv27/1781/62 -2/-728/20Dnipro29/1784/63 -1/-630/21Odessa28/1982/662/-336/27Donetsk27/1681/61 -1/-629/20Zaporizhia28/1683/61 -0/-531/21Lviv24/1375/56 -1/-832/21
Ukraine tana da ƙarfi a tsakiyar latitudes, kuma gabaɗaya tana da yanayi na nahiyar, ban da gabar tekun kudancin, wanda ke nuna yanayin sanyi mai sanyi da zafi. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 5.5-7   a arewa, zuwa 11-13   A kudu. Ana rarraba Ruwan sama ba daidai ba; ya fi girma a yamma da arewa kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a gabas da kudu maso gabas. Yammacin Ukraine, musamman  tsaunukan Carpathian, suna karɓar kusan millimeters 1,200 (47.2 in) na hazo a kowace shekara, yayin da Crimea da yankunan bakin teku na Tekun Baƙi ke karɓar kusan 400 millimeters (15.7 in). 

Ana sa ran samun ruwa daga manyan koguna zai ragu, musamman a lokacin rani. Wannan yana haifar da haɗari ga bangaren noma. Rashin tasirin Canjin yanayi a kan aikin gona galibi ana jin sa a kudancin kasar, wanda ke da yanayin tsaunuka. A arewa, wasu amfanin gona na iya amfana daga lokacin girma mai tsawo. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa Ukraine tana da matukar damuwa ga canjin yanayi.

 Albarkatun halitta 
Muhimman albarkatun kasa a Ukraine sun hada da: ƙarfe, manganese, iskar gas, titanium, kaolin, uranium, da ƙasar noma.

 Batutuwan muhalli 
Ukraine yana da batutuwan muhalli da yawa. Wasu yankuna ba su da isasshen ruwan sha. Rashin gurɓata iska da ruwa yana shafar ƙasar, da kuma sare daji, da gurɓataccen radiation a arewa maso gabas wanda ya samo asali ne daga hatsarin 1986 a Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant . 

 Dubi kuma 


 Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a Ukraine
 Taswirar Ukraine

 Manazarta 

 Bayani 

 Haɗin waje 

 Zastavnyi, F. D. Yanayin jiki na Ukraine: ƙasashe da tsaunuka na Ukraine. "Heohrafiya".

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