Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya

Lokacin sanyi na nukiliya wani yanayi ne mai tsanani da tsawaita yanayin sanyaya yanayi wanda ake hasashen   zai faru bayan yaɗuwar gobarar birane bayan yaƙin nukiliya mai girma.  Hasashen ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa irin wannan gobara na iya shigar da toka a cikin stratosphere, inda zai iya toshe wani hasken rana kai tsaye daga isa zuwa saman duniya. Ana hasashen cewa sanyin da aka samu, wanda akasari yana dawwama tsawon shekaru goma, zai haifar da gazawar amfanin gona, da yunwar nukiliya ta duniya, da kuma bala'in halakar dabbobi .  

Masu binciken yanayi suna nazarin hunturu na nukiliya ta hanyar samfuran kwamfuta da abubuwan da suka faru. Sakamakon ya dogara sosai da amfanin nukiliya, ko kuma yawan biranen da aka yi niyya, abubuwan da ke cikin su, da kuma yanayin yanayin da ke cikin wuta, convections, da kuma tsawon lokaci. Nazarin shari'ar Firestorm sun hada da bama-bamai na yakin duniya na biyu na Hiroshima, Tokyo, Hamburg, Dresden, da Landan Toon, Owen B.; Robock, Alan; Turco, Richard P. (December 2008).  (PDF). Physics Today. 61 (12): 37–42. Bibcode:2008PhT....61l..37T. doi:10.1063/1.3047679. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-12. environmental changes triggered by smoke from firestorms. , da kuma abubuwan lura na zamani daga manyan gobarar daji kamar gobarar daji ta British Columbia ta 2021.  . "the injection height of the smoke is controlled by the energy release from the burning fuel not from the nuclear explosion"., "...smoke plumes deep within the stratosphere over Florida that had originated a few days earlier in Canadian fires, implying that the smoke particles had not been significantly depleted during injection into the stratosphere (or subsequent transport over thousands of kilometers in the stratosphere)."

Bincike ya nuna cewa cikakken yakin nukiliya, wanda ya kashe dubban makamai a cikin manyan makamai a Rasha da Amurka, zai iya sanyaya yanayin zafi na duniya da fiye da 5 ° C, ya wuce zamanin kankara na ƙarshe. Dangane da waɗannan samfuran, mutane biliyan biyar za su mutu daga yunwa a cikin shekaru biyu, kuma 40-50% na nau'in dabbobi za su ƙare. Nazarin yakin nukiliya na yanki wanda ya shafi daruruwan makamai, kamar tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, na iya haifar da sanyaya na 'yan digiri, yana barazanar mutane biliyan biyu kuma yana sa 10-20% na nau'in dabbobi ya ƙare.Toon, Owen B.; Bardeen, Charles G.; Robock, Alan; Xia, Lili; Kristensen, Hans; McKinzie, Matthew; Peterson, R. J.; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Turco, Richard P. (October 1, 2019). "Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe". Science Advances. 5 (10): eaay5478. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.5478T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay5478. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6774726. PMID 31616796. Koyaya, gibin da yawa sun kasance a cikin fahimtar da kuma tsara tasirin yaƙin nukiliya.

 Janar 
Bayan gazawar tsinkaya game da tasirin gobarar mai ta Kuwait ta 1991 wanda ƙungiyar farko ta masana kimiyyar yanayi da ke ba da shawarar ra'ayi suka yi, sama da shekaru goma sun wuce ba tare da sababbin takardu da aka buga a kan batun ba. Kwanan nan, wannan ƙungiyar shahararrun masu tsarawa daga shekarun 1980 sun sake fara buga abubuwan da aka fitar da samfuran kwamfuta. Wadannan sabbin samfuran suna samar da irin wannan binciken gaba ɗaya kamar na tsofaffin su, wato cewa ƙonewar 100 firestorms, kowannensu ya dace da ƙarfin da aka lura a Hiroshima a 1945, na iya samar da "ƙaramin" hunturu na nukiliya.  Wadannan hadari zasu haifar da allurar soot (musamman baƙar fata carbon) a cikin stratosphere na Duniya, samar da tasirin anti-greenhouse wanda zai rage yawan zafin duniya. Muhimmancin wannan sanyaya a cikin samfurin Alan Robock ya nuna cewa samfurori 100 daga cikin waɗannan firestorms na iya sanyaya Yanayin duniya da kusan 1 ° C (1.8 ° F), galibi yana kawar da girman dumamar duniya na ɗan adam na kusan shekaru biyu ko uku masu zuwa. Robock da abokan aikinsa sun tsara tasirin a kan samar da abinci na duniya, kuma sun tsara cewa allurar fiye da 5 Tg na soot a cikin stratosphere zai haifar da karancin abinci mai yawa wanda ya ci gaba da shekaru da yawa. Dangane da samfurin su, dabbobi da samar da abinci na ruwa ba za su iya biyan diyya don rage yawan amfanin gona a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe ba, kuma matakan daidaitawa kamar rage yawan sharar abinci zai sami iyakantaccen tasiri akan karuwar adadin kuzari.h

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