Rikicin kurkuku

Rikicin kurkuku abu ne na yau da kullun saboda bambancin fursunoni tare da bambancin masu aikata laifuka da kuma ikon iko da ke wasa a cikin fursunoni. Wadannan nau'o'in hare-hare guda uku sune fursunoni a kan fursunoni, fursunoni masu tsaro da kuma akasin haka, da kuma aikata kansu. Wadannan hare-haren na iya zama masu saurin kai tsaye ko kuma an tsara su da kyau kuma an shirya su. Abubuwa irin su rikice-rikicen ƙungiyoyi, yawan fursunoni, ƙirar kurkuku da ƙananan rikice-rikice suna ba da gudummawa ga hare-haren tashin hankali.

Kurkuku suna ƙoƙarin gujewa da magance irin waɗannan yanayi ta hanyar kasancewa masu aiki. Matakan da aka dauka sun hada da sanya masu laifi da shugabannin kungiyoyi a cikin tsare-tsare, daidaita sel ta hanyar bincika kowane fursuna don ganin inda za su iya zama cikin lumana, rage wuraren makafi, da kuma gudanar da horar da jami'ai da ilimi. Koyaya, ana watsi da tashin hankali a kurkuku kuma ana watsi da shi, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan rauni da mutuwar.

 Ayyukan tashin hankali 
Ana aikata tashin hankali a kurkuku a kan wani fursuna, Mai tsaron kurkuku, ko kuma ya aikata kansa. A shekara ta 1999, an ruwaito cewa daya daga cikin fursunoni biyar, ko kashi ashirin cikin dari na fursunoni, a cikin kurkuku goma sha huɗu na jihar wani fursunoni ya yi masa hari.La Vigne, Nancy G.; Debus-Sherrill, Sara; Brazzell, Diana; Downey, P. Mitchell (December 2011). "Preventing Violence and sexual Assault in Jail: A situational Crime Prevention Approach" (PDF). Urban Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2020. Rikicin kurkuku na iya kunshe da fursunoni suna fada da hannayensu, makamai na gida, fyade a kurkuku, ko, a wasu matsanancin yanayi, kisan kai. Hare-haren da aka aiwatar a kan kowa sai dai kai ko dai kayan aiki ne ko kuma bayyanawa.

 An shirya tashin hankali na kayan aiki; an tsara shi, an lissafa shi, sannan a aiwatar da shi. Mafi yawanci maza ne ke aiwatar da shi, Morgan Jr., William J. (December 2009). "The Major Causes of Institutional Violence". American Jails. Vol. 23, no. 5. American Correctional Association. pp. 63, 65–68. ISSN 1056-0319. wannan aikin yawanci yana kafa iko kuma, "... ya dace kuma ya dace da yawan fursunoni ta hanyar haifar da sha'awar tsara, tsoro, kariya... ". Yawanci, tsira a kurkuku ya haɗa da kafa ƙarfi da iko, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da tashin hankali.
 Rikicin nunawa hari ne na kai tsaye wanda mata ke gudanarwa. A cikin wannan dabarar, mai kai farmaki ya tashi ba zato ba tsammani saboda jin haɗari mai tsanani, tsoro, fushi ko fushi, wanda ya haifar da tsalle-tsalle ba zato bawon. Ana iya kammala cewa tashin hankali na nunawa shine hari mai amsawa wanda ke faruwa lokacin da mai aikata laifin ya ji an tsoratar da shi ko barazana, yayin da tashin hankali na kayan aiki an tsara shi da kyau kuma an fitar da shi ta hanyar fansa.
 Rashin cutar da kai wani abu ne na tunanin mutum. Mutane da yawa da aka yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku galibi suna fama da ko ci gaba da rikice-rikice irin su baƙin ciki da damuwa, kuma suna buƙatar kulawa ta hankali.La Vigne, Nancy G.; Debus-Sherrill, Sara; Brazzell, Diana; Downey, P. Mitchell (December 2011). "Preventing Violence and sexual Assault in Jail: A situational Crime Prevention Approach" (PDF). Urban Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2020. Saboda tasirin da ke kewaye da su, mummunan bi da suke samu daga jami'ai da fursunoni, da kuma lokacin da aka yanke musu hukunci, an yi imanin cewa cutar kai da kashe kansa sun fi girma a cikin mutanen kurkuku fiye da kowane yawan mutanen da ba a ɗaure su ba.

 Dalilan tashin hankali 
Wadanda suka aikata hare-haren tashin hankali sune masu laifi, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin kurkuku saboda aikata laifuka da suka bar mutane da yawa da suka ji rauni ko suka mutu. Saboda haka, da yawa daga cikin wadannan mutane sun saba da yin amfani da tashin hankali. Fursunoni na iya warware rikice-rikice kuma su nemi iko ta hanyar cutar da jiki ko barazana ga wasu fursunoni.Morgan Jr., William J. (December 2009). "The Major Causes of Institutional Violence". American Jails. Vol. 23, no. 5. American Correctional Association. pp. 63, 65–68. ISSN 1056-0319. Yanayin da tashin hankali ya riga ya kasance kuma ya zama ruwan dare a ko'ina tabbas babban abu ne game da dalilin da ya sa tashin hankali a kurkuku ke faruwa, amma tsarin jiki na kurkuku na iya shafar wannan batun. Kurkuku na iya samun kulawa ta kai tsaye ko kai tsaye. Dukkanin nau'ikan sa ido suna da ƙarfi da raunin.

 Kulawa kai tsaye 
Kulawa kai tsaye shine lokacin da aka sanya jami'in gyara a cikin ɗakin da aka rufe kuma dole ne a ci gaba da kula da fursunoni ta hanyar kallon ido na tsuntsu. Hadin gwiwar jiki da jami'ai ke da shi tare da fursunoni kaɗan ne, saboda yawancin sadarwa sun zo ta hanyar tsarin sadarwa. Ana sanya fursunoni a cikin ɗakunan su kuma jami'ai suna da shingen jiki don tabbatar da tsaron kansu. Lokacin da aka haifar da rikici, ana kiran ƙungiyar amsawa a kan hanyar sadarwa. Irin wannan sa ido yana da ƙarfi, amma yana da wasu matsaloli, kamar ƙirƙirar wuraren makafi. Wadannan an halicce su ne ta hanyar sa ido kai tsaye saboda masu tsaron da ke tsaye na iya samun abubuwa da ke toshe ƙananan wurare ko kuma bazai kalli hanyar da ta dace a lokacin da ya dace ba. Kulawa ta kai tsaye wani nau'i ne na kulawa wanda ba na mutum ba ne kuma mai nisa wanda ke taimakawa tare da lafiyar jami'in, amma yana barin wuraren makafi don "... fursunoni su ɓoye ayyukan haramtacce daga ma'aikatan tsaro".Morgan Jr., William J. (December 2009). "The Major Causes of Institutional Violence". American Jails. Vol. 23, no. 5. American Correctional Association. pp. 63, 65–68. ISSN 1056-0319.

 Kulawa kai tsaye 
Kulawa kai tsaye wani nau'i ne na mutum saboda an sanya jami'ai a cikin tantanin halitta don yin sintiri. Ta hanyar wannan tsari, masu gadi suna magana da abokan zaman kansu daya-daya. Ƙananan rikice-rikice da ke faruwa a ko'ina cikin rana jami'in sintiri ne ke kula da su kai tsaye, amma wannan jami'in guda ɗaya ba zai iya hana tashin hankali ya faru ba. Da zaran an juya bayansu ko kuma an mayar da hankalinsu ga wani, mai aikata laifin zai iya yin tashin hankali. A cikin wannan nau'in jami'an sa ido sun kasance masu rauni, amma kuma yana haifar da, "... raguwar tashin hankali da damuwa na ma'aikata da fursunoni... ". Kulawa kai tsaye ya fi kama da gudanarwa, inda "...manyan abubuwan da suka faru ba su da yawa kuma ƙananan abubuwan da suka haifar da lambobi mafi girma...

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