Yankin Hallsands

Hallsands ƙauye ne da rairayin bakin teku a kudancin Devon, Ingila, a cikin wani matsayi mai haɗari tsakanin dutsen da teku, tsakanin Beesands zuwa Farawa da Start Point zuwa kudu.

 Tarihi 
Ba a san tarihin farko na Hallsands ba, amma ɗakin sujada ya wanzu a can tun aƙalla 1506. Ƙauyen yana cikin kogo da aka sani da Poke Hole, kuma mai yiwuwa ba a zauna ba kafin 1600 . Sisters Against the Sea, Ruth and Frank Milton,  Garin ya karu da girma a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, kuma a shekara ta 1891 yana da gidaje 37, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, Gidan jama'a da ake kira London Inn, da kuma yawan jama'a 159. Yawancin mazaunan Hallsands a wannan lokacin sun dogara da kamun kifi don rayuwa, musamman kamun kifin crab a Bankin Skerries da ke kusa.  

Ƙauyen ya girma tare da dutsen dutse a gaban dutsen, tare da bango na teku, da yashi da bankunan shingle suna ƙara wasu kariya daga mummunan yanayi da guguwa. Ana  adadi mai yawa na pilchards. Makarantar da ta fi kusa da ita ce kilomita 2 (3.2) daga ƙauyen.

 Tasirin dredging 
A cikin shekarun 1890, biyo bayan wani makirci da Sir John Jackson ya gabatar, an yanke shawarar fadada tashar jiragen ruwa a Keyham, kusa da Plymouth, kuma an fara hakowa daga Hallsands don samar da yashi da dutse don gina shi. Ba da daɗewa ba, ana cire tan 1,600 na kayan kowace rana, kuma matakin rairayin bakin teku ya fara sauka, da yawa ga ƙararrawar mazauna yankin. Har ila yau, zanga-zangar ta haɗa da damuwa cewa tukwane na crab za su lalace da kuma rikice-rikice ga tarin kifi. Hukumar Kasuwanci ta amince da kafa bincike na cikin gida don mayar da martani ga zanga-zangar daga mazauna ƙauyen, waɗanda suka ji tsoron cewa hawan ruwa na iya lalata rairayin bakin teku kuma ta haka ne ya yi barazana ga ƙauyen. Binciken ya gano cewa aikin ba zai iya haifar da babbar barazana ga ƙauyen ba, don haka harba ruwa ya ci gaba. An ba da biyan £ 125 a kowace shekara ga masunta a matsayin diyya don tsoma baki da kamun kifi. 

A shekara ta 1900, duk da haka, matakin rairayin bakin teku ya fara faɗuwa; an kiyasta tsakanin ƙafa 7 da 12 (2.1 da 3.7 .  A cikin guguwar kaka ta 1900, an wanke wani ɓangare na bangon teku. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1900, mazauna ƙauyen sun yi korafi game da lalacewar gidajensu, kuma a watan Maris na shekara ta 1901 Majalisar Gundumar Kingsbridge ta rubuta wa Hukumar Ciniki suna gunaguni game da lalacewa ga hanya. A watan Satumbar 1901 wani sabon mai binciken Hukumar Ciniki ya kammala cewa ƙarin guguwa mai tsanani na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa a dakatar da dredging. A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 1902 an soke lasisin hakowa. A cikin 1902 matakin rairayin bakin teku ya farfado, amma hunturu na 1902 ya kawo karin guguwa da lalacewa. 

Guguwar 1903 ta ga ƙarin lalacewa ga London Inn, da sauran gine-gine. An gina sabon bango na teku mai ƙarfi a cikin 1906, don kare sauran gidaje 25 waɗanda ke da mazauna 93.

 Guguwar Janairu 1917 
A ranar Jumma'a 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1917 masunta, suna lura da yanayi da hawan ruwa, sun ja jiragen ruwa zuwa titin ƙauyen kuma suka buge su, kuma an tura yara zuwa wani gida da ke kusa. Haɗin gabas da raƙuman ruwa masu yawa sun karya tsaron Hallsands. Wadanda suka shaida sun nuna cewa "teku sun zo suna rushewa, suna girgiza komai. Mun yi matukar damuwa", iska ta karu, tare da ganuwar da ke sauka, da raƙuman ruwa da ke wucewa a kan ginshiƙan gidan. An bayar da rahoton cewa 'teku ya sauka a cikin bututun wuta'.   Da tsakar dare, gidaje huɗu sun tafi kuma babu wanda ya kasance cikakke; kuma da safe, rairayin bakin teku ya cika da katako da kayan gida. Babban ruwa na gaba na Litinin 28 Janairu 1917 ya karya ganuwar teku kuma an lalata ƙauyen yadda ya kamata.

A ƙarshen wannan shekarar gida ɗaya ne kawai ya kasance mai zama,  gidan da ya fi girma na iyalin Prettejohn.  Binciken da ya haifar ya gano cewa an yi amfani da shi, amma ya ki ya saki rahoton ga jama'a a lokacin. Yakin mazauna ƙauyen don diyya ya ɗauki shekaru bakwai; £ 6,000 kuma sun ji bai isa ba. An yanke shawarar kada a sake gina ƙauyen inda yake.

A cewar Pathe News newsreel footage daga 1960, mazaunin karshe na ƙauyen shine Mrs Elizabeth Prettejohn (1884-1964).  

Garin ya kasance binciken shari'a don Rushewar bakin teku ta hanyar hakowa.

 Ranar yanzu 
Shafin tsohon ƙauyen a Kudancin Hallsands an rufe shi ga jama'a, kodayake Majalisar Gundumar Kudancin Hams ta gina dandalin kallo, wanda ake samun dama daga waƙar da ke ƙasa da Prospect House Apartments (tsohon Otal din Trout).  Gidaje biyu sun kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin gidajen hutu.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, hanyar samun dama, dandalin kallo da gidaje biyu sun shafi rushewar tan 200, wanda ya haifar da kwashe gidaje da kuma yankin da abin ya shafa wanda yanzu ya hana samun dama ga dandalin.

Yankin rairayin bakin teku a Arewacin Hallsands (wanda aka fi sani da "Greenstraight") shine kawai a Hallsands. Yankin rairayin bakin teku da ke ƙasa da tsohuwar ƙauyen ba ya wanzu, bayan an cire shi ta hanyar hawan ruwa da aka yi a baya da kuma guguwa. A cikin 2016 an ruwaito rairayin bakin teku a Arewacin Hallsands cewa guguwa ta wanke shi, ta bar kawai wani turɓaya wanda ya ƙunshi ragowar gandun daji. Koyaya, wannan wani ɓangare ne na sake zagayowar halitta na yau da kullun wanda ke faruwa a kowane 'yan shekaru, kamar yadda abubuwan da suka fi faruwa akai-akai suke inda aka cire shingle daga Arewacin Hallsands ta hanyar aikin tsaftacewa na ruwan teku na gida, wanda aka ajiye a wasu sassan bay sannan a ƙarshe ya dawo ta wannan tsari.

Babu wani shiri na dawo da tsaron teku a Arewacin Hallsands ko kare gidaje kalilan da ke cikin haɗari kamar yadda Majalisar Kudancin Hams ba ta da manufofin shiga tsakani tun shekara ta 2002.

 A cikin wallafe-wallafen, kiɗa, fina-finai da ayyukan fasaha na kan layi 
A cikin 1903, marubucin Ingilishi John Masefield ya buga "Ballads", tarin waƙoƙi ciki har da "Hall Sands". Sashe na gabatarwa na waka ya faɗakar da cewa "ƙasar da ƙauyen ke tsaye tana fara zamewa da zama".

Fim din 1964 The System wanda Michael Winner ya jagoranta, tare da Oliver Reed da Jane Merrow sun yi fim tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo biyu a cikin rushewar.

A shekara ta 1993, mawaki William Oxley ya wallafa 'The Hallsands Tragedy', jerin waƙoƙi game da Hallsands da makomarta.

A shekara ta 2002, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Julian Garner ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayon Silent Engine wanda aka kafa a cikin rushewar Hallsands game da ma'aurata waɗanda aurensu ya lalace kamar ƙauyen bayan mutuwar ƙaramin ɗansu. An gabatar da shi a wani ɗan gajeren yawon shakatawa kuma a Bikin Edinburgh ta kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pentabus wanda Cathy Owen da Robin Pirongs suka yi. An shirya wasan kwaikwayo na biyu a Cheltenham Playhouse ta Ad Hoc Theatre Co a watan Mayu na 2010 wanda Rachel Prudden da Paul Scott suka yi.

A shekara ta 2003 BBC Radio 4 ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen wasan, Death Of A Village, ta marubucin David Gooderson. Wasan yana magana ne game da abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta 1917, yana jaddada cewa ainihin dalilin ba shine haɗuwa da guguwa mai tsanani a cikin kansa ba amma hawan rairayin bakin teku don dutse ta kwangila na gwamnati, wanda ke faruwa shekaru da yawa duk da gargadi da yawa game da haɗarinsa. Wasan ya dogara ne akan bayanan zamani kuma yana kallon abubuwan da suka haifar da babban guguwa, da kuma gwagwarmayar ƙauyen don diyya.

A shekara ta 2006, kamfanin opera 'Streetwise Opera' ya ba da umarnin sabon opera, Whirlwind, bisa labarin Hallsands. Will Todd da Ben Dunwell ne suka rubuta shi kuma an fara shi a The Sage Gateshead, a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2006.

A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2010, Damon Albarn ya bayyana a shirin BBC Radio 4 na Yau cewa Hallsands shine rairayin bakin teku wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da Jamie Hewlett don samar da Gorillaz Plastic Beach LP.

A cikin shirin Julien Temple na 2016 game da Keith Richards, Keith Richards - The Origin of the Species, Richards ya ba da labarin yadda ya saba hutu tun yana yaro tare da iyalinsa a Hallsands . 

A cikin 2017, ƙungiyar 'Kaprekar's Constant' ta Burtaniya ta fitar da wani labari na minti 14 a cikin kundin su 'Fate outsmarts desire' game da labarin Hallsands. A cikin wannan shekarar, mai zane Frances Gynn, mawaƙa Lona Kozik, da Sam Richards sun haɗa kai a kan aikin yanar gizo mai taken Hallsands arts . 

A cikin 2019, Devon folk duo 'Harbottle & Jonas' sun fitar da sabon kundin su 'The Sea is My Brother', wanda ke da waƙar 'Hall Sands', wanda ke game da abubuwan da suka faru a 1917.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba