Hakkin muhalli na kamfanoni

Hakkin muhalli na kamfanoni (CER) yana nufin ayyukan kamfani don kauce wa lalata mahalli na halitta. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni (CSR). 

 Tarihi 
An yi muhawara game da yanayin muhalli na alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yayin da masu ruwa da tsaki ke ƙara buƙatar ƙungiyoyi su zama masu sanin muhalli da alhakin al'umma. A cikin tsarin kasuwanci na gargajiya, an yi la'akari da kariya ta muhalli ne kawai dangane da "Sha'awar jama'a". Ya zuwa yanzu, gwamnatoci sun ci gaba da babban alhakin tabbatar da kula da muhalli da kiyayewa.

An mayar da hankali ga bangaren jama'a kan ci gaban ka'idoji da sanya takunkumi a matsayin hanyar sauƙaƙe kare muhalli. Kwanan nan, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun karɓi tsarin haɗin kai game da rigakafi da sauƙaƙe lalacewar muhalli. Sassan da matsayinsu suna canzawa, tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna ƙara ƙwazo wajen kare muhalli. Gwamnatoci da yawa, kamfanoni, da manyan kamfanoni yanzu suna ba da dabarun kare muhalli da ci gaban tattalin arziki.

 Dangantaka da alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni 
Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni tsakanin gwamnati, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da al'umma gabaɗaya, kuma ta haka ne, manufar ba ta da ma'anar ma'ana ɗaya.

Hakkin zamantakewar kamfanoni na iya rufewa:

 A company running its business responsibly in relation to internal stakeholders (shareholders, employees, customers and suppliers)
 The role of business in relation to the state (locally and nationally) as well as to inter-state institutions or standards
 Business performance as a responsible member of the society in which it operates and the global community."

Tarayyar Turai ta bayyana alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni a matsayin "...ma'anar cewa kamfani yana da alhakin tasirinsa ga duk masu ruwa da tsaki. Ci gaba ne da sadaukarwar kasuwanci don nuna halin kirki da alhakinsa da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki yayin inganta ingancin rayuwar ma'aikata da iyalansu da kuma al'umma da al'umma gaba ɗaya. "  Bisa ga wannan ma'anar, dabarun CSR ya fi mayar da hankali kan al'amuran zamantakewa, musamman ga abubuwan da ke da hannu.

 Direbobin da ƙalubale 
Daga cikin manyan direbobi na CER akwai manufofi da ka'idojin gwamnati. Jihohi da yawa suna ba da nasu dokoki, ka'idoji da manufofi, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci wajen ƙirƙirar halin muhalli mai kyau a cikin kamfanoni. Gudummawa, haraji da haraji suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da waɗannan manufofi. Wani muhimmin abu shine yanayin gasa tsakanin kamfanonin da kafofin watsa labarai, jama'a, masu hannun jari da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da kungiyoyin ba da agaji, wadanda su ma manyan direbobi ne na CER. Wani muhimmin direba na alhakin kamfanoni shine cewa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna da alhakin ci gaban fasahar kore da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ma'ana suna ba da gudummawa ga rage sauyin yanayi yayin da suke aiki a matsayin kasuwanci.

 Manazarta