Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya

Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya ita ce Cibiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa ta Commonwealth of Australia, wacce aka kafa a 1986 a matsayin Hukumar Kare Hakki da Daidaitaccen Hanyar (HREOC) kuma an sake masa suna a 2008. Kungiyar doka ce da ke ba da kuɗin, amma tana aiki da kanta daga, Gwamnatin Australiya. Yana da alhakin binciken zargin keta dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci na Ostiraliya dangane da hukumomin tarayya.

Dokar Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya ta 1986 ta bayyana rawar da Hukumar Kare Hakkan Dan Adam ta Australia ke takawa da kuma alhakin ta. Batutuwan da Hukumar za ta iya bincikawa a karkashin Dokokin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya na 2019 sun haɗa da nuna bambanci bisa ga shekaru, rikodin likita, rikodin aikata laifuka mara ma'ana; nakasa; matsayi na aure ko dangantaka; ƙasa; Jima'i; ko aikin Kungiyar kwadago.

 Masu rike da ofisoshin kwamitin 
Hukumar ta fada karkashin fayil ɗin Babban Lauyan Ostiraliya.

 Shugabannin kwamitin 
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, da kuma kungiyar da ta gabata: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Marcus EinfeldShugaban kasa, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Daidaitawa1986–19902Sir Ronald Wilson1990–19983Alice Tay1998–20034John von Doussa2003–20085Catherine BransonShugaban kasa, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australia2008–20126Gillian Triggs2012–20177Ros Croucher2017–20248Hugh na Kretser 2024-ya zuwa yanzu

 Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander Kwamishinan Adalci na Jama'a 
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Mick DodsonAboriginal da Torres Strait Islander Kwamishinan Adalci na Jama'a1993–19982Zita Antonios1998-1999 (aiki) 3Bill Jonas1999–20044Tom Calma2004–20105Mick Gooda2010–20166Yuni Oscar2017–20247Katie Kiss2024-ya zuwa yanzu

 Kwamishinonin nuna bambanci na nakasassu 
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Kwamishinan nuna bambanci na nakasassu: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Elizabeth HastingsKwamishinan nuna bambanci na nakasassu1993–19972Chris Sidoti1998 (aiki) 3Susan Halliday1999 (aiki) 4Sev Ozdowski2000-2005 (aiki) 5Graeme Innes2005–20146Susan Ryan2014-2016 (aiki) 7Alastair McEwin2016–20198Ben Gauntlett2019–20239Rosemary Kayess2024-ya zuwa yanzu

 Kwamishinonin 'Yancin Dan Adam 
An nada wadannan mutane a matsayin Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Brian BurdekinKwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam1986–19942Chris Sidoti1995–20003Sev Ozdowski2000–20054Graeme Innes2005–20095Catherine Branson2009–20126Tim Wilson2013–20167Edward Santow2016–20218Lorraine Finlay2021-yanzu

 Kwamishinonin nuna bambanci 
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Kwamishinan nuna bambanci na launin fata: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Irene MossKwamishinan nuna bambanci1986–19942Zita Antonios1994–19993Bill Jonas1999–20044Tom Calma2004–20095Graeme Innes2009–20116Helen Szoke2011–20137Gillian Triggs2013 (aiki) 8Tim Soutphommasane2013–20189Chin Tan2018–202310Giridharan Sivaraman2024-ya zuwa yanzu

 Kwamishinonin nuna bambanci na Jima'i 
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Kwamishinan nuna bambanci na Jima'i: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Pam O'NeilKwamishinan nuna bambanci tsakanin Jima'i1984–19882Quentin Bryce1988–19933Susan Walpole1993–19974Moira Scollay1997-1998 (aiki) 5Susan Halliday1998–20016Pru Goward2001–20077John von Doussa2007 (aiki) 8Elizabeth Broderick2007–20159Kate Jenkins2016–202310Ros Croucher2023 (aiki) 11Anna Cody2023-ya zuwa yanzu

 Kwamishinan nuna bambanci na shekaru 
An nada mutane masu zuwa a matsayin Kwamishinan nuna bambanci na shekaru, ko lakabi na baya: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Pru GowardKwamishinan da ke da alhakin nuna bambanci tsakanin shekaru2005–20072John von Doussa2007 (aiki) 3Elizabeth Broderick2007–20114Susan RyanKwamishinan nuna bambanci na shekaru2011–20165Kay Patterson2016–20236Robert Fitzgerald2024-ya zuwa yanzu

 Kwamishinan Yara na Kasa 
An nada wadannan mutane a matsayin Kwamishinan Yara na Kasa: 
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Megan MitchellKwamishinan Yara na Kasa2013–20202Anne Hollonds2020-yanzu

 Kwamishinan sirri 
Wadannan sun yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Tsaro, da farko a HREOC sannan a wasu Ofisoshin biyu:
UmurniJami'iTaken hukumaKalmar nan1Kevin O'Connor, AMKwamishinan sirri (a HREOC) 1989–19962Moira Scollay1997–19993Malcolm CromptonKwamishinan sirri (a HREOC har zuwa Yuli 2000, sannan a OPC) 1999–20044Karen CurtisKwamishinan sirri (a OPC) 2004–20105Timothy Pilgrim PSMKwamishinan sirri (a OAIC) Wakilin Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australiya (daga 2015) 2010–20186Angelene FalkKwamishinan sirri (a OAIC) Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australia2018–20247Mai Kyau Mai KyauKwamishinan sirri (a OAIC) 2024-ya zuwa yanzu
A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1989 Dokar Sirri ta 1988 ta kafa Kwamishinan sirri a cikin hukumar. Kwamishinan tsare sirri ya ci gaba a cikin hukumar har zuwa 1 ga Yulin 2000, lokacin da majalisar tarayya ta kafa sabon Ofishin Kwamishinan Tsaro, kuma an raba Kwamishinan Sirri daga hukumar.

A cikin shekara ta 2010, an kafa Ofishin Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australiya (OAIC) kuma an haɗa Ofishin Kwamishin Jakadancin mai zaman kansa a baya a ciki. Kwamishinan sirri yanzu ya zo karkashin kulawar sabon Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australiya, wanda zai iya amfani da ikon Kwamishinan Tsaro.

Daga shekara ta 2014, gwamnatin Australiya mai shigowa a karkashin Firayim Minista Tony Abbott ta yi ƙoƙari ta soke OAIC, ta yi nasarar samun Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australiya (John McMillan) ba zato ba tsammani ya yi ritaya da wuri kuma Kwamishinan FOI (James Popple) ya yi murabus,  da kuma yanke kasafin kuɗin OAIC. Amma Majalisar Dattijai ta kasa zartar da dokokin da suka dace (Freedom of Information Amendment (New Arrangements) Bill 2014). Yawancin tsoffin alƙalai sun ba da shawarar wannan neman kawar da wata kungiya da Majalisar ta kirkira ba tare da goyon bayanta ga wannan kawar da ta haifar da damuwa game da tsarin mulki da mulkin doka ba. An nada Kwamishinan Tsaro na Sa'an nan Pilgrim a matsayin Wakilin Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australiya a watan Yulin 2015 na tsawon watanni uku, yana cika dukkan matsayi uku na OAIC a kan lokaci-lokaci (kuma yanzu yana gudanar da Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai ta 1982 (Cth) da Dokar Kwamishinan Bincike ta Australiya ta 2010 (Cth)). An sake nada shi a matsayin mukaddashin Kwamishinan Bayanai na Australiya a watan Oktoba 2015 na tsawon watanni uku, kuma a ranar 19 ga Janairun 2016 har zuwa 19 ga Afrilu 2016 . 

A farkon shekara ta 2016, ba a san ko za a mayar da matsayin Kwamishinan Tsaro ga Hukumar ba idan kawar da OAIC ya yi nasara.

A ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, Babban Lauyan Commonwealth ya tallata don nuna sha'awar matsayi, don farawa a watan Yuli, na Kwamishinan nuna bambanci na shekaru, Kwamishinan Nuna bambanci na nakasassu da Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam;  waɗannan mukamai an cika su daidai.

 Shari'a 
Daga gabatarwar ta har zuwa 2000, Hukumar ta dauki bakuncin Kwamishinan da ke gudanar da Dokar Sirri ta 1988 (Cth).

Hukumar ta binciki zargin keta doka a karkashin dokokin tarayya masu zuwa:  name="leg">

 Dokar nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata 1975 (Cth) 
 Dokar nuna bambanci tsakanin Jima'i ta 1984 (Cth) 
 Dokar Nuna Bambanci ga nakasassu ta 1992 (Cth) 
 Dokar Nuna Bambanci na Shekaru 2004 (Cth) 
 Dokar Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya ta 1986 (Cth) (tsohon Dokar Kare Hakkin dan Adam da Daidaitaccen Hanyar 1986) 

Dokar Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya ta 1986 ta bayyana rawar da Hukumar Kare Hakkan Dan Adam ta Australia ke takawa da kuma alhakin ta. Yana ba da tasiri ga wajibai na Ostiraliya a ƙarƙashin waɗannan: "Legislation". 

 Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR);
 Yarjejeniyar game da nuna bambanci game da aiki da sana'a (ILO 111);
 Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa;
 Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara;
 Sanarwar 'Yancin Yara;
 Sanarwar 'Yancin nakasassu;
 Sanarwar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ba su da hankali; da kuma
 Sanarwar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in rashin haƙuri da nuna bambanci bisa ga addini ko imani.

Batutuwan da Hukumar za ta iya bincikawa a karkashin Dokokin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya na 2019 sun haɗa da nuna bambanci bisa ga shekaru, rikodin likita, rikodin aikata laifuka mara ma'ana, nakasa, matsayin aure ko dangantaka, ƙasa, Jima'i, ko aikin Kungiyar kwadago. 

 Binciken jama'a 
Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka fi gani na hukumar shine gudanar da binciken jama'a. Wasu misalai na binciken da aka gudanar sun hada da:

 Binciken Yara marasa Gida (1989) 
 Binciken Kasa game da Rikicin wariyar launin fata a Ostiraliya (1989-1991) 
 Bincike game da Samun damar cinikin lantarki da sabbin sabis da fasahar bayanai ga tsofaffin Australiya da mutanen da ke da nakasa (2000) 
 Binciken nuna bambanci na ciki (2000) 
 Jima'i iri ɗaya: Ƙungiyoyin iri ɗaya Bincike game da nuna bambanci a kan ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya 
 Rabuwa da Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander Children daga iyalansu (Samun Gida Rahoton (1997) ) 
 Binciken Kasa game da Yara a Tsayar da Shige da Fice (2004)  Rahoton, A Last Resort? an buga shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. 
 Binciken Kasa game da Yara a Tsayar da Shige da Fice (2014)  Gillian Triggs ne ya gabatar da rahoton Yaran da aka manta a watan Nuwamba 2014. 
 Ciki da Komawa zuwa Aiki Binciken Kasa (2014) 

 Bincike 
A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2020, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za su gudanar da bita game da shirin wasan motsa jiki na kasar, biyo bayan korafe-korafe na cin zarafin jiki da tunani daga wasu tsoffin 'yan wasa. Tsoffin 'yan wasan motsa jiki na Australiya sun ba da rahoton cewa masu horar da su sun kai musu hari, sun yi musu kunya kuma sun sa su horar da kansu kuma su yi gasa yayin da suka ji rauni.

 Yanayin jinsi da jima'i 
Takardun kudi na membobin masu zaman kansu da aka gabatar daga duka Australian Greens da Australian Democrats sun yi ƙoƙari su ƙara jima'i da / ko asalin jinsi a cikin jerin batutuwan da hukumar za ta iya bincikawa, wanda koyaushe ya kasa wucewa aƙalla gidan majalisa ɗaya tsakanin 1995 da Yuni 2007, saboda rashin goyon baya daga duka Australian Labor Party da Coalition a cikin majalisar tarayya. 

Daga baya aka zartar da dokoki masu dacewa a cikin Ayyukan Manzanni kamar Dokar Gyara ta Nuna Bambanci na Jima'i (Jima'i, Gender Identity da Intersex Status) Dokar 2013. 

 Kyaututtuka da lambobin yabo na 'yancin Dan Adam 
Tun daga shekara ta 1987, an gabatar da lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Dan Adam a bikin bayar da lambar yabo da lambar yabo na shekara-shekara na Hukumar.

 Matsayi na kasa da kasa 
Hukumar tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na ƙasa 70 (NHRIs) waɗanda Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) ta amince da su, ƙungiyar da Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam (OHCHR) ke tallafawa. Cikakken izinin ("A matsayi") na Hukumar ya ba shi damar shiga tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gami da haƙƙin magana a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da sauran kwamitocin. Hukumar ta sami damar gabatar da rahotanni masu kama da juna ("ra'ayoyin inuwa") ga kwamitocin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke nazarin bin ka'idodin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa. Ya kasance mai aiki sosai wajen bunkasa NHRIs a duk yankin Asiya-Pacific, kuma yana cikin jagora na kungiyar NHRIs ta Asiya Pacific, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan rukuni huɗu na NHRIs.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, GANHRI ta sanar da Hukumar cewa za ta rasa matsayinta na "A" kuma za a sake duba matsayinta bayan kimanin watanni 18. GANHRI ta gano cewa ba a yi shawarwarin gwamnati na baya-bayan nan don nada Kwamishinoni da gaskiya ba. Har ila yau, ta damu da rashin isasshen kudade saboda karuwar aiki da ƙarin kwamishinoni. Daga baya aka magance tsarin nadin da gibin kudade kuma AHRC ta riƙe matsayinta na "A" a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023.

 Dubi kuma 

 Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam

 Manazarta 

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