Canjin yanayi a cikin Maldives

Canjin yanayi babban batu ne ga Maldives. A matsayin tsibirin tsibirai da tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci a cikin Tekun Indiya, kasancewar Maldives tana fuskantar barazanar gaske ta hanyar hauhawar matakin teku. Zuwa 2050, kashi 80% na kasar na iya zama maras kyau saboda dumamar yanayi. A cewar Bankin Duniya, tare da "yanayin teku na gaba da aka tsara don ƙaruwa a cikin kewayon 10 zuwa 100 centimeters ta shekara ta 2100, duk ƙasar za a iya nutsewa". Maldives na ƙoƙari su daidaitawa da canjin yanayi, kuma hukumomin Maldivian sun kasance sanannun a cikin shawarwarin siyasa na duniya don aiwatar da sauye-sauyen yanayi.

 Hawan matakin teku 
A shekara ta 1988, hukumomin Maldivian sun yi imanin cewa tasowa na teku zai iya rufe al'ummar gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 30 masu zuwa, suna mai cewa "kimanin tasowa na 20 zuwa 30 centimeters a cikin shekaru 20 zuwa 40 masu zuwa  zama 'babban bala'i'".  A shekara ta 2021, kashi 90% na tsibirai a cikin Maldives sun fuskanci mummunar lalacewa, kashi 97% na ƙasar ba su da ruwan sha na ƙasa, kuma ana kashe fiye da kashi 50% na kasafin kuɗin ƙasa akan ƙoƙarin daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi. Kasar ta rasa daya daga cikin manyan tsaron halitta a cikin wani taron bleaching na 2016 wanda ya shafi kusan 60% na coral reefs."Facing dire sea level rise threat, Maldives turns to climate change solutions to survive". ABC News. Retrieved 24 July 2022.

Rahoton Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change na 2007 ya yi hasashen cewa iyakar sama na hauhawar matakin teku zai zama 59 centimeters (23 in) da 2100, wanda ke nufin cewa yawancin tsibirai 200 da Maldives ke zaune na iya buƙatar a watsar da su. A cewar masu bincike daga Jami'ar Southampton, Maldives sune tsibirin tsibirin na uku mafi haɗari saboda ambaliyar ruwa daga Canjin yanayi a matsayin kashi na yawan jama'a.

A cikin 2020, wani bincike na shekaru uku a Jami'ar Plymouth wanda ya kalli Maldives da Marshall Islands, ya gano cewa raƙuman ruwa suna motsa turɓaya don ƙirƙirar tsawo mafi girma, amsawar yanayin da zai iya taimakawa tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci su daidaita zuwa hauhawar matakin teku kuma su ci gaba da zama a tsibirin. Binciken ya kuma ba da rahoton cewa Ganuwar teku tana lalata ikon tsibirin na daidaitawa da hauhawar matakin teku kuma cewa nutsar da tsibirin shine sakamakon da ba za a iya gujewa ba ga tsibirai tare da tsarin bakin teku kamar ganuwar ruwa. Hideki Kanamaru, jami'in albarkatun kasa tare da Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona a Asiya-Pacific, ya ce binciken ya ba da "sabon hangen nesa" kan yadda kasashe tsibirin zasu iya magance kalubalen hauhawar teku, kuma ko da tsibirai zasu iya daidaitawa ta halitta zuwa manyan teku ta hanyar ɗaga nasu tsaunuka, har yanzu ana buƙatar mutane su ninka sau biyu kan dumama da kariya ga yawan tsibirin.

 Tasirin ga mutane 
Yawancin mutane a cikin Maldives suna zaune a kan ƙananan tsibirai masu yawa waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar guguwa mai ƙarfi ko ma ƙaramin hauhawar teku. Babban birnin Malé yana fuskantar barazana musamman saboda yana kan karamin, mai laushi, mai yawan jama'a wanda ke kewaye da ganuwar teku, da sauran shingen don karewa daga hadari. Wannan yana nufin tsibirin Malé ba zai iya canza siffar ba don mayar da martani ga hauhawar matakan teku kuma yana ƙara dogara da mafita masu tsada.

Canjin yanayi zai kuma haifar da muhimmiyar tasiri ga yawon bude ido a Maldives.

 Tasirin muhalli 
Maldives ya ƙunshi kashi 3% na coral reefs na duniya,  wanda canjin yanayi ya shafi.  Abubuwan da suka faru a duniya na 2016 sun yi tasiri sosai ga coral reefs a duk faɗin Maldives, tare da irin waɗannan abubuwan da ake sa ran su zama masu yawa da tsanani saboda canjin yanayi.  

 Ragewa da daidaitawa 

 Ragewa 
A shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Mohamed Nasheed ya ba da sanarwar wani shiri na sanya kasar ta tsaka-tsaki da kuma bin sauya makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Maldives ta shirya kawar da ko kawar da duk hayakin iskar gas. A cikin Tattaunawar Yanayi ta Duniya ta 2009, Nasheed ya bayyana cewa:A gare mu yin rantsuwa da man fetur ba kawai abu ne mai kyau da za a yi ba, har ma da amfanin tattalin arzikinmu. Kasashe masu gabatarwa za su 'yantar da kansu daga farashin da ba a iya tsammani ba na man fetur na kasashen waje; za su yi amfani da sabon tattalin arzikin kore na gaba, kuma za su inganta matsayinsu na ɗabi'a yana ba su babbar tasirin siyasa a matakin duniya.A cikin 2017, gwamnatin Abdulla Yameen ta canza manufofin, a maimakon haka tana da niyyar zama ƙasa mai ƙarancin carbon da kuma ba da fifiko ga ci gaba. Ministan muhalli Thoriq Ibrahim ya ce "Ba mu tafi ko'ina ba. Mafarki [na sanya Maldives carbon neutral] ya ƙare. Muna neman zama ƙasa mai ƙarancin carbon".

 Daidaitawa 
Don karewa daga canjin yanayi da kuma hauhawar matakin teku, gwamnatin ƙasa ta Maldives ta shirya cikakken Shirin Ayyuka na Kasa, wanda ke ƙoƙarin yin la'akari da sauƙaƙe yawancin barazanar da Maldives ke fuskanta. Maldives ta aiwatar da matakai don yaki da hauhawar matakin teku, gami da bango a kusa da babban birnin Malé  da sake samar da ababen more rayuwa na gida, musamman tashar jiragen ruwa.  Kasar ta fara babban aikin farfado da ƙasa a Hulhumalé a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, wani bangare don shirya don sake komawa daga wasu wurare a cikin ƙasar."Facing dire sea level rise threat, Maldives turns to climate change solutions to survive". ABC News. Retrieved 24 July 2022. Wani kamfani na Dutch ya ba da shawarar gina gidaje masu iyo 5000 kusa da Malé.

A shekara ta 2008, Nasheed ya ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen neman sayen sabon ƙasa a Indiya, Sri Lanka, da Ostiraliya saboda damuwarsa game da dumamar yanayi, da kuma yiwuwar yawancin tsibirai sun cika da ruwan teku mai tasowa. Za a sayi ƙasa daga asusun da yawon bude ido ya samar. Shugaban ya bayyana niyyarsa: "Ba mu so mu bar Maldives, amma kuma ba mu so mu zama 'yan gudun hijira na yanayi da ke zaune a cikin alfarwa na shekaru da yawa".

 Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa 
Gudanar da sauye-sauyen yanayi wani muhimmin bangare ne na Manufofin kasashen waje na Maldives. Shugaba Maumoon Abdul Gayoom ya nuna damuwa game da hauhawar matakin teku a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1997.  Shugaba Mohamed Nasheed ya ce a shekarar 2012 cewa "Idan hayakin carbon ya ci gaba da hau a yau, kasar ta za ta kasance a karkashin ruwa a cikin shekaru bakwai. "  Ya yi kira ga karin matakan rage sauyin yanayi yayin da yake nunawa a talabijin na Amurka The Daily Show  da Late Show tare da David Letterman,  kuma ya dauki bakuncin "taron majalisa na farko a karkashin ruwa" a shekarar 2009 don wayar da kan jama'a game da barazanar canjin ya haifar.

Gayoom ya ce a cikin 2016, "ga mazauna dubu ɗari uku na Maldives babu wani daga cikin waɗannan barazanar da aka kwatanta, a cikin girman da yiwuwar, da canjin yanayi na duniya da kuma hauhawar matakin teku. "  Tsohon ministan muhalli na Maldive, Mohamed Aslam, ya ce "Idan Maldives na iya yin hakan, zaku iya yin hakan. Yana da mahimmanci a gare mu ba kawai mu yi magana ba amma mu jagoranci misali". 

 Al'umma da canjin yanayi 

 Ra'ayin jama'a 
Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2017 game da ra'ayin jama'a na Maldivians game da canjin yanayi ya gano cewa "fiye da kashi 50% na masu amsawa suna ganin hauhawar matakin teku a nan gaba ya zama babban kalubale a matakin ƙasa kuma sun yarda cewa ƙaura daga tsibirai zuwa wasu ƙasashe na iya zama zaɓi mai yuwuwa", kodayake abubuwan addini da al'adu sun taka rawa.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba