Hukuncin kisa a Armenia

Hukuncin kisa a Armenia wata hanya ce ta azabtarwa da aka aiwatar a cikin Dokar Laifuka da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Armenia har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a cikin gyare-gyaren 2003 da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin mulki.  Ba a san asalin hukuncin kisa a Armenia ba, duk da haka ya kasance a cikin Dokar Laifi Armenia ta 1961, wanda aka tilasta kuma aka yi amfani da shi har zuwa 1999. An sanya hukuncin kisa a cikin dokokin Armenia kuma an aiwatar da shi don laifukan kisa, waɗanda laifuka ne waɗanda aka rarraba su da mutuwa, gami da cin amana, leken asiri, kisan kai na farko, ayyukan ta'addanci da manyan laifukan soja.

Amfani na karshe da aka sani a fili na hukuncin kisa a Armenia ya kasance a cikin 1991, lokacin da aka aiwatar da kisan tare da harbin harsashi guda a kai. Bayan wannan, an dakatar da hukuncin kisa kuma ya sami zargi mai tsanani daga kasashe biyu  da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.

 Tarihi 
Aikace-aikacen Armenia na hukuncin kisa a zamanin yau ya samo asali ne daga Dokar Laifuka ta 1961, wanda aka aiwatar da shi yayin da kasar ke ƙarƙashin jamhuriya ta Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics .  Dokar Laifuka ta Armenia ta 1961 ta tilasta hukuncin kisa ga laifuka 16 na lokacin yaƙi da laifuka 18 na lokacin zaman lafiya.  Bayan da suka ayyana 'yancin kansu daga Tarayyar Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Soviet, Armenia ta dakatar da amfani da hukuncin kisa, duk da haka sun ci gaba da amfani da Dokar Laifuka ta 1961, wanda ya ba kotuna damar yanke hukunci bisa doka ga mutanen da suka yi imanin sun keta laifukan kisa har zuwa mutuwa.

A watan Fabrairun 1991, an tuhumi wani mutum da ba a san shi ba da aikata kisan kai na farko kuma an kashe shi ta hanyar harbin bindiga guda daya a kai. Wannan zai zama karo na karshe da Armenia ta yi amfani da Dokar Laifuka ta 1961 don yanke wa mutum hukuncin kisa kuma a aiwatar da wannan hukuncin, kuma zai nuna lokacin karshe da aka yi amfani da hukuncin kisa a matsayin hanyar azabtarwa. Koyaya, kotunan Armenia za su ci gaba da yanke wa masu laifi hukuncin kisa, har sai an kashe su. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, an sami hukuncin kisa 13 da kotuna suka sanya kafin a soke hukuncin kisa.

 Gyara 
1992 ya ga gyare-gyare ga Dokar Laifuka ta Armenia ta 1961. Gwamnatin dimokuradiyya ta yanke shawarar cire laifuka biyu na lokacin zaman lafiya, hasashe da sata, wanda ya kawo jimlar laifuka masu laifi da za a hukunta ta hanyar mutuwa har zuwa 32.

A cikin 1995, an aiwatar da tsarin mulkin Armeniya da aka yi wa kwaskwarima, duk da haka, ana aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin .  Karkashin Babi na 2, Mataki na 17 da aka  Archived   na sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki, ya ce "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin rayuwa. Har sai lokacin da aka soke shi, doka za ta iya tsara hukuncin kisa don wasu laifuka na kisa, a matsayin hukunci na musamman".  Bugu da ƙari, Kundin Laifukan Armeniya na yanzu ya fuskanci kawar da wani babban laifi; ficewa .  Ci gaba da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin su, ko da bayan sake fasalin, ya kawo zargi daga Amnesty International, kungiyar da ta mai da hankali kan kare hakkin bil'adama. 

Amincewar Armenia ga Majalisar Turai a farkon shekara ta 2001 ya nuna turawa zuwa ga kawar da hukuncin kisa gaba daya tare da dakatar da hukuncin kisa da aka aiwatar jim kadan bayan shiga kungiyar. Majalisar Turai ta sanya dakatar da hukuncin kisa ya zama dole ga zama memba saboda haka, bayan samun matsayin memba, Armenia dole ne ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar No. 6. Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam wacce Majalisar Turai ta tilasta kuma ta yi amfani da ita ta bayyana cewa, a karkashin Sashe na I, Mataki na 2, "Za a kare haƙƙin kowa da doka" kuma cewa, a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniya No. 6, Mataki na 1 "Za a soke hukuncin kisa". Duk da haka, an gwada amincin Armenia lokacin da masu laifi biyar suka harbe majalisa, suka kashe Firayim Minista na yanzu da sauran jami'an gwamnati.

 Cirewa 
2003 ya zo tare da sake fasalin tsohuwar Dokar Laifuka kuma ya gabatar da sabon Dokar Laifuka ta Armenia ta 2003 a ranar 1 ga Agusta.  Wannan canjin ya ga yadda aka dakatar da hukuncin kisa a matsayin hanyar azabtarwa ga mutanen da ake tuhuma bayan an haɗa shi (masu mikawa laifuka da aka yanke musu hukunci kafin wannan sun sami damar yanke musu hukuncin kisa bisa doka).  A karkashin Mataki na 16 (4), Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya kuma haramta fitar da mutum idan za a yanke wa mutumin da aka fitar da shi hukuncin kisa. A saman wannan, a ranar 29 ga Satumba, Armenia ta kuma tabbatar (kuma daga baya ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Oktoba) Yarjejeniyar No. 6 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai wacce ta haramta hukuncin kisa daga amfani da shi a lokutan zaman lafiya, ta ƙuntata ga manyan laifuka na lokacin yaƙi kawai.

 Manazarta