Rashin kunya ga jama'a

Sunanin jama'a ko kunyatar jama'a wani nau'i ne na azabtarwa wanda babban fasalinsa shine cin mutunci ko kunyatarwa ga mutum, yawanci mai laifi ko fursuna, musamman a wurin jama'a. An yi amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin nau'in hukunci mai izini a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata, kuma har yanzu ana yin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban (misali makarantu) a zamanin zamani.

A Amurka, azabtarwa ce ta yau da kullun daga farkon Mulkin mallaka na Turai har zuwa karni na 19. Ya fadi daga amfani na yau da kullun a karni na 20, kodayake ya ga farfadowa tun daga shekarun 1990. Tare da tasowa na kafofin sada zumunta, jin kunya ga jama'a ya koma cikin dijital, yana fallasawa da wulakanci mutane kowace rana, wani lokacin ba tare da iliminsu ba.

 Bayyanawa mai banƙyama 
Rashin kunya na jama'a yana cikin nau'o'i da yawa. Gabaɗaya, mai laifi da aka yanke masa hukuncin daya daga cikin nau'ikan wannan hukunci na iya sa ran za a sanya su (a hana su) a cikin tsakiya, jama'a, ko kuma a buɗe wuri don 'yan uwan su iya shaida hukuncin cikin sauƙi kuma, a wasu lokuta, su shiga a matsayin nau'in "mulkin adalci".

Kamar dai nau'ikan azabar jiki mai raɗaɗi, yana da kamanceceniya a cikin ilimi da sauran hukunce-hukunce na sirri (amma tare da wasu masu sauraro), a cikin mahallin ladabtarwa na cikin gida ko makaranta, kuma a matsayin al'ada . Siffofin jiki sun haɗa da tilasta sanya wasu alamun kamar "kunnen jaki" (wanda aka kwatanta a cikin takarda, a matsayin alamar mutum - ko aƙalla hali - rashin hankali), sanye hular dunce, tsayawa, durƙusa ko durƙusa a kusurwa, ko kuma rubuta wani abu akai-akai a kan allo ("Ba zan yada jita-jita ba", misali). Anan za'a iya ƙara matakan rashin jin daɗi na jiki daban-daban, kamar riƙe abubuwa masu nauyi, ko durƙusa akan ƙasa mara daidaituwa. Kamar azabtarwa ta jiki da tsautsayi, waɗannan sun zama rigima a yawancin al'ummomin zamani, a yawancin lokuta suna haifar da hani na doka da/ko (wani lokaci na son rai) sokewa.
alt=Black-and-white photograph of two women with shaved heads and blank expressions on their face walking down a street in Paris. The women are surrounded by a group of other people, most of whom are smiling.|left|thumb|Paris, 1944: Mata Faransanci da ake zargi da hadin gwiwa tare da Nazis an aske kawunansu kuma an nuna su a kan tituna ba tare da kafafu ba.
Ashe kai na iya zama hukunci mai wulakanci wanda doka ta tsara,  amma kuma wani abu da aka yi a matsayin "mulkin adalci" - misali mai mahimmanci wanda dubban matan Turai ne waɗanda aka ashe kawunansu a gaban taron jama'a masu farin ciki bayan yakin duniya na biyu,  Shorn Women: Gender and Punishment in Liberation France,  a matsayin horo don haɗuwa da Nazis masu mamayewa a lokacin yakin. An yi amfani da askewar jama'a ga masu haɗin gwiwa (gaskiya ko zargin) bayan da Allied ta 'yantar da yankunan da aka mamaye daga Sojojin Nazi.

 Hukuncin jiki 
Baya ga takamaiman hanyoyin da ke da niyyar wulakanci, hanyoyi da yawa sun haɗu da ciwo da wulakanci ko ma mutuwa da wulakanciya. A wasu lokuta, ciwo - ko aƙalla rashin jin daɗi - ba shi da mahimmanci ko kuma ya zama na biyu ga wulakanci.

 Hukuncin jama'a 
Mafi sauki shine a ba da horo mai raɗaɗi a cikin jama'a - babban manufar na iya zama hanawa masu laifi - don haka jama'a za su ga tsoron mai aikata laifin da baƙin ciki. Wannan na iya faruwa a filin gari ko wani wurin taruwa na jama'a kamar makaranta, ko kuma ya ɗauki nau'in procession ta tituna. Wannan ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin jumla ga Staupenschlag (flagellation ta hanyar bulala ko birching, gabaɗaya a kan buttocks)  a cikin jihohin Turai daban-daban, har zuwa karni na 19.  Wani nau'in sojan ruwa shi ne Flogging kewaye da rundunar a kan jirgin ruwa da aka dauka daga jirgi zuwa jirgi don biyan kuɗi a jere na babban jimlar lashes. A wasu ƙasashe, ana aiwatar da hukuncin bulala a fili har zuwa yau.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba