Yarjejeniya game da safarar bakin haure ta ƙasa, teku da iska

Yarjejeniyar kan safarar baƙi ta Land, Sea da Air, wanda ke karawa da Yarjejeniyar da ke yaki da aikata laifuka na kasa da kasa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ita a cikin 2000. Har ila yau ana kiranta da Yarjejeniyar Fitarwa. Yana daya daga cikin ka'idojin Palermo guda uku, sauran su ne Yarjejeniyar hanawa, hanawa da azabtar da Cinikin Mutane, musamman Mata da Yara da Yarjejeniyar kan Masana'antu da Cinikin Makamai, Sassan su da Abubuwan da ke ciki da Harsashi.

Yarjejeniyar smuggling ta fara aiki a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2004. Ya zuwa Oktoba 2022, jam'iyyun 112 ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kuma 151 ne suka tabbatar da ita.Gallagher and David, International Law of Migrant Smuggling, 2014, p. 1

Yarjejeniyar tana da niyyar kare haƙƙin baƙi da rage ikon da tasirin ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka waɗanda ke cin zarafin baƙi. Yana jaddada bukatar samar da baƙi da kulawa ta mutunci, da kuma buƙatar cikakkun hanyoyin kasa da kasa don yaki da smuggling mutane, gami da matakan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki waɗanda ke magance tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura.

Yarjejeniyar ta buƙaci Kasashen da suka tabbatar da tabbatar da cewa shigo da 'yan gudun hijira (wanda ake kira shigo da mutane) an aikata laifuka bisa ga sharuddansa, da waɗanda aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniyar kan Laifin da aka tsara na Kasa.

Idan aka ba da fifiko na siyasa na yanzu game da mutane masu safarar mutane, watakila abin mamaki ne cewa mayar da hankali ga kasa da kasa kan bayyanawa da amsawa ga safarar 'yan gudun hijira ya faru ne kawai a cikin shekarun 1990. Wannan mayar da hankali ya biyo bayan hauhawar ƙaura mara kyau zuwa Amurka, da kuma zuwa Turai a cikin 1980s da 90s. Ana mai da hankali kan wadanda ke sauƙaƙe ƙaura mara kyau - maimakon baƙi da kansu - an gan su a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci na kowane martani. Sakamakon tsarin shari'a shine Yarjejeniyar da ke adawa da safarar baƙi ta Land, Sea da Air (Migrant Smuggling Protocol), wanda ke kara kayan iyaye, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Laifin Ƙasa.

Yarjejeniyar Migrant Smuggling ba ta samar da cikakkiyar ko tsarin doka mai zaman kansa ba amma a maimakon haka ya wanzu a matsayin wani ɓangare na "babban yanar gizo na haƙƙoƙi, wajibai da alhakin da aka samo ba kawai daga Yarjejeniya da Yarjejeniya ba har ma daga dokar teku, dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam, da Dokar 'yan gudun hijira. "

Ba kamar fataucin mutane ba, mutane masu safarar mutane suna da yardar tsakanin abokin ciniki da mai safarar mutane - yarjejeniyar kwangila wacce yawanci ta ƙare lokacin da ta isa wurin da aka nufa. Koyaya, yanayin smuggling na iya sauka a zahiri cikin yanayin da za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin matsanancin cin zarafin bil'adama, tare da baƙi da aka yi amfani da su a ƙarƙashin barazanar, cin zarafi, cin zarafin da azabtarwa, har ma da mutuwa a hannun masu smugglers (duba misali, nazarin shari'a a cikin Gallagher da David, Dokar Kasuwancin Migrant ta Duniya, 2014, 9-10).A.Gallagher and F.David, International Law of Migrant Smuggling, 2014, p. 2

 Dubi kuma 

 Cinikin mutane
 Shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba
 Mutanen da ke fataucin mutane

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