Yanayin ƙasar Argentina

Yanayin Argentina ya bambanta sosai, wanda ya kunshi Dutsen Andes, pampas, da koguna da tabkuna daban-daban. Yankin Andes a yamma da Kudancin Tekun Atlantika a gabas, ƙasashe makwabtanta sune Chile a yamma, Bolivia da Paraguay a arewa, da Brazil da Uruguay a arewa maso gabas.

In terms of area, Argentina is the second largest country in South America after Brazil, and the eighth largest country in the world. Its total area is . Argentina claims a section of Antarctica (Argentine Antarctica) that is subject to the Antarctic Treaty.  Argentina also asserts claims to several British South Atlantic islands.

Tare da yawan jama'a miliyan 46.6,  Argentina ta kasance ƙasa ta 31 mafi yawan jama'ar duniya tun daga shekara ta 2010.

 Halaye na gaba ɗaya 
Argentina tana cikin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka, kasancewar ita ce babbar ƙasa a Kudancin Cone. Yana da iyaka da Chile zuwa yamma da kudu, tare da iyakar Argentina-Chile shine mafi girma. Bolivia da Paraguay suna iyakance Argentina a arewa, iyakar Argentina da Paraguay ita ce ta biyu mafi girma. Rabin arewacin Argentina yana da iyaka da Brazil da Uruguay zuwa gabas, kuma rabin kudu tare da Tekun Atlantika. Tsibirin Falkland, Yankin Ƙasashen Waje na Burtaniya, suna gabashin kudancin Argentina, a fadin teku. Argentina tana cikin wani wuri mai mahimmanci a kan Strait of Magellan, hanyar haɗi tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Pacific.

Argentina tana da yanki na 2,780,400 km2. Ita ce ƙasa ta 8 mafi girma a duniya, tsakanin Indiya da Kazakhstan. Ita ce ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma a Kudancin Amurka, bayan Brazil, kuma ta huɗu mafi girma a Amurka bayan Brazil, Kanada, da Amurka. Yankin ya kusan sau takwas na Jamus, kuma sau hudu na Texas,  da kashi uku cikin goma na girman Amurka.  Tekun Argentina, da'awar teku na Argentina, sun haɗa da Yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na 200 nm.  

Yankin ya kunshi filayen zuwa gabas, tare da tsaunukan Andes a iyakar yamma. Yanayi mafi yawa yana da matsakaici, tare da yankin busasshiyar a kudu maso gabashin Patagonia da yanayin subantartic a kudu maso yamma. Iguazu Falls, daya daga cikin Sabon Abubuwa 7 na Yanayi, shine mafi girman tsarin ruwa a duniya. Tana kan iyaka da Brazil, tare da ƙasashen biyu suna da wani ɓangare na ta.

Amma ga mahimman bayanai na kasa, iyakar arewa ita ce haɗuwar kogin Grande de San Juan da Kogin Mojinete, a Lardin Jujuy .  Yankin kudu shine Cape San Pío a lardin Tierra del Fuego, a wurin shigarwa na Beagle Channel .  Yankin yammacin yana cikin Los Glaciares National Park, a Lardin Santa Cruz .  Matsayin gabas shine "Hito V" (CONALI), wanda ke Bernardo de Irigoyen, Misiones .  Matsayi mafi girma na Argentina shine dutsen Aconcagua a Lardin Mendoza, tare da 6962 m., wanda kuma shine mafi girman matsayi na Kudancin Amurka. Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci shine Laguna del Carbón, a Lardin Santa Cruz . 

A cikin gandun daji na Argentina yana kusa da 10% na jimlar yankin ƙasa, daidai da hekta 28,573,000 (ha) na gandun daji a cikin 2020, ƙasa daga hekta 35,204,000 (ha) a cikin 1990. A cikin 2020, gandun daji mai sabuntawa ya rufe hekta 27,137,000 (ha) kuma gandun daji da aka dasa ya rufe hekita 1,436,000 (ha). Daga cikin gandun daji mai sabuntawa na halitta an ruwaito 0% a matsayin gandun daji na farko (wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan bishiyoyi na asali ba tare da alamun bayyanar ayyukan ɗan adam ba) kuma kusan 7% na yankin gandun daji an samo shi a cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye. A shekara ta 2015, an ruwaito cewa 0% na yankin gandun daji yana ƙarƙashin mallakar jama'a, 4% mallakar masu zaman kansu da 96% tare da mallakar da aka jera a matsayin wani ko ba a sani ba.

 Yankuna 

Yankin Cuyo yana tsakiyar yammacin ƙasar.  Ya ƙunshi yammacin Catamarca da La Rioja, mafi yawan San Juan, da tsakiya da arewacin Mendoza.  Ya iyakance zuwa Arewa maso yammacin Argentine zuwa arewa, Chile zuwa yamma, Pampas zuwa gabas, da Patagonia a kudu.  Yawancin yankin yanki ne na tsaunukan Andes.  An raba shi a cikin kewayon occidental, wanda tsaunuka suka kasance iri ɗaya, da kuma gabas gabas, tare da ƙarin fasalin yanayin ƙasa.  Layin dusar ƙanƙara yana kan 5000 m.  na tsawo.  Akwai wata hanya tsakanin tsaunuka da koguna da tafkuna, dusar ƙanƙara da ke narkewa a lokacin bazara.  Yawancin wadancan kogunan sun zama magudanan ruwa na Kogin Desaguadero.  Yanayin yana da bushewa, da ƙarancin ruwan sama har ma da gizagizai kaɗan.  Akwai 'yan bishiyu na asali, kuma yawancin ciyayi ciyayi daji ne da suka dace da yanayin.  Dabbobin sun hada da rakumi irin su guanacos da vicuñas, da ungulu irin na Andean condor.r . 

Yankin Gran Chaco yana cikin arewacin kasar. Ya ƙunshi lardunan Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero da arewacin Santa Fe. Yana da iyaka zuwa Bolivia da Paraguay a arewa, Arewa maso yammacin Argentina zuwa yamma, Pampas zuwa kudu, da Paraguay da Mesopotamiya zuwa gabas. Ƙasar gaba ɗaya tana da faɗi, wanda ke haifar da yalwar maras kyau da tafkuna na bazara. Koguna mafi muhimmanci sune Paraguay da Parana, da kuma yankunansu Pilcomayo da Bermejo. Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi, tare da lokacin fari a yamma kuma ba tare da shi ba zuwa gabas. Akwai gandun daji na xerophilous.

Yankin Mesopotamiya yana gabashin ƙasar, Tsakanin Koguna Parana da Uruguay. Ya ƙunshi lardunan Misiones, Corrientes, da Entre Ríos . Yana iyakance Ruwa Paraguay da Brazil a arewa, Gran Chaco da pampas a yamma, Brazil da Uruguay a gabas, da kuma pampas a kudu. Yawancin shi fili ne, kuma koguna sun ƙare a Rio de la Plata, suna yin Río de the Plata Basin . 

Yankin Arewa maso yamma na Argentine ya ƙunshi lardunan Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, da La Rioja.  Ya iyaka zuwa Bolivia zuwa arewa, Chile zuwa yamma, Cuyo a kudu da Gran Chaco zuwa gabas.  An raba yankin zuwa yankuna uku, Puna zuwa yamma, kwaruruka a tsakiya, da tuddai a gabas.  Puna babban tudu ne marar bishiya, wanda ke ci gaba zuwa yamma zuwa cikin hamadar Atacama a Chile.  Yana da nau'in gishiri mai siffa.  Akwai ruwa kaɗan a wannan yanki, galibi a cikin magudanan ruwa na wucin gadi.  Tsaunuka da kwaruruka sun fi ruwa, tare da ruwan sama da ke fitowa daga gabas, kuma ya haɗa da koguna irin su Salado da Bermejo.  Sauyin yanayi yana da bushewa a cikin Puna da kuma wurare masu zafi a gabas.

An raba lardunan Argentina zuwa yankuna bakwai game da yanayi da ƙasa. Daga Arewa zuwa Kudu, Yamma zuwa Gabas:

 Arewa maso Yammacin Argentina: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, La Rioja
 Gran Chaco: Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero
 Mesopotamiya: Misiones, Corrientes, Entre RiosTsakanin Koguna
 Wanda yake fito: San Juan, Mendoza, San Luis
 Pampa" id="mwAR0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pampa">Pampas: Santa Fe, La Pampa, Buenos Aires, Córdoba
 Patagonia: Rio Negro, Neuquén, Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del FuegoƘasar Wutar

 Amfani da ƙasa 

 Yankin noma: 13.9%
 Amfanin gona na dindindin: 0.4%
 Makiyaya na dindindin: 39.6%
 Dajin: 10.7%
 Sauran: 35.4% (2020) 
 Yankin da ake ban ruwa: 2,600 km2 (2020)  
 Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa: 814 km3/shekara 

 Duwatsu da tuddai 
Dutsen Andes shine mafi tsawo a duniya, yana gudana tare da iyakar Argentina da Chile. Mafi girman tudu a cikin Andes shine Aconcagua, kusan mita 7000 (kusan ƙafa 23000) sama da matakin teku. Argentina kuma sananniya ce ga kankara. Cerro Cathedral sanannen wurin shakatawa ne a cikin tsaunukan Patagonian a Nahuel Huapí National Park . Cordillera de la Ramada wani yanki ne a cikin San Juan, Argentina . Monte Fitz Roy wani sanannen dutse ne.

 Ma'adanai na ruwa 
A cikin Argentina, tsarin ruwa ya haɗu da tsarin da yawa na dacewa da tattalin arziki daban-daban, wanda za'a iya auna shi ta hanyar yawan kwarara da tafiyarsu. Muhimmancin kwararar ruwa ya dogara ne akan damar da za a iya amfani da ita don ban ruwa da kuma tushen makamashi. Dangane da inda koguna ke gudana, ana iya rarraba koguna da koguna zuwa nau'ikan ruwa daban-daban guda uku:

 Ruwan ruwa mai budewa ko exorheic: suna da magudanar ruwa na waje (a cikin teku) - Kogin Parana, Kogin Uruguay, Kogin Negro
 Ruwan ruwa da aka rufe ko kuma endorheic: suna da magudanar ruwa na ciki - Kogin Atuel, Kogin Diamante, Kogin Tunuyan
 Rashin ruwa na Areic: ba su da magudanar ruwa kuma ana iya samun su a tsakiyar yammacin filin Chaquenean, a yammacin yankin Pampean da kuma wasu yankunan Patagonic

A gefe guda, tabkuna da lagoons sune tarin ruwa na dindindin a kan ramuka marasa ruwa. Bambancin su yafi dogara ne akan tsawo da zurfin su. Suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin rafi, a matsayin tushen makamashi, jan hankalin yawon bude ido da dukiyar ichthyologic. A Argentina, duk manyan tabkuna suna cikin Patagonia.

 Koguna 
Manyan koguna a Argentina sun hada da Pilcomayo, Paraguay, Bermejo, Colorado, Rio Negro, Salado, Uruguay da kuma mafi girman kogi, Paraná . Wadannan biyu na ƙarshe suna gudana tare kafin su haɗu da Tekun Atlantika, suna samar da bakin kogin Rio de la Plata. Koguna masu muhimmanci a yankin sune Atuel da Mendoza a cikin lardin mai suna, Chubut a Patagonia, Río Grande a Jujuy, da Kogin San Francisco a Salta.

 Tafkuna 
Akwai manyan tabkuna da yawa a Argentina, da yawa daga cikinsu a Patagonia. Daga cikin wadannan akwai tabkuna Argentino da Viedma a Santa Cruz, Nahuel Huapi a Rio Negro da Fagnano a Tierra del Fuego, da Colhué Huapi da Musters a Chubut. Tafkin Buenos Aires da O'Higgins / San Martín Lake suna tare da Chile. Mar Chiquita, Córdoba, ita ce tafkin ruwan gishiri mafi girma a kasar. Akwai tafkuna da yawa da madatsun ruwa suka kirkira. Argentina tana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi daban-daban, kamar waɗanda ke Termas de Río Hondo tare da yanayin zafi tsakanin 30 ° C da 65 ° C.  

Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai 3,091 km2 na filayen ruwa a Argentina, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta tara dangane da yawan filayen ruwa da ke faruwa a can. 

 Yanayi 
Argentina tana ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Arewacin kasar, gami da latitudes a ciki da ƙasa da Tropic na Capricorn, ana nuna shi da zafi sosai, lokacin rani mai laushi (wanda ke haifar da ƙasashe masu yawa) tare da hunturu mai sauƙi, kuma yana ƙarƙashin fari na lokaci-lokaci a lokacin hunturu.

Tsakiyar Argentina tana da lokacin zafi tare da guguwa da tsawa (a yammacin Argentina suna samar da wasu manyan ƙanƙara a duniya), da kuma hunturu mai sanyi. Yankunan kudancin suna da lokacin rani mai dumi da hunturu mai sanyi tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, musamman a yankunan tsaunuka. Mafi tsawo a duk latitudes suna fuskantar yanayin sanyi.

 Yanayin siyasa 
Argentina tana da iyaka da kasashe shida tare da daya, kusa da Tsibirin Falkland, kasancewar iyakar teku ce da Ingila. Mafi girma kuma mafi girma a duniya iyakar ƙasa ita ce tare da Chile, wanda ke da tsawon kilomita  (3,298 . Yankin Argentina-Paraguay yana da tsawon kilomita  (1,056 .

Muhimmancin dabarun:

 Yanayin da ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin teku tsakanin Kudancin Atlantic da Kudancin Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage) 

 Da'awar yankin 

 Land claims
 Falkland Islands
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
 Argentine Antarctica
 Desert Lake
 Maritime claims on Argentine Sea
 Territorial sea: 
 Contiguous zone: 
 Exclusive economic zone: 
 Continental shelf:  or to the edge of the continental margin
 Elevation: 

 Gidan shakatawa na kasa 
Gidajen shakatawa na kasa na Argentina sun hada da cibiyar sadarwa ta wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa talatin a Argentina. Gidan shakatawa ya rufe wurare daban-daban da wuraren zama, daga Baritú National Park a kan iyakar arewacin Bolivia zuwa Tierra del Fuego National Park a kudancin nahiyar (duba Jerin wuraren shakatawa na kasa na Argentina).

Ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da Francisco Moreno ya ba da gudummawar 1903 na fili mai murabba'in kilomita 73 a cikin gundumar Lake a cikin tudun Andes.  Wannan ya kafa tsakiya na babban yanki mai kariya a Patagonia kusa da San Carlos de Bariloche.  A cikin 1934, an zartar da wata doka ta samar da tsarin gandun daji na kasa, wanda ke tsara yankin da aka karewa a matsayin Nahuel Huapi National Park da ƙirƙirar dajin Iguazú.  An haifi ‘yan sandan dajin na kasa, inda suke aiwatar da sabbin dokokin hana sare bishiya da farauta.  Aikinsu na farko shi ne tabbatar da ikon kasa a kan wadannan yankunan da ake takaddama a kai da kuma kare kan iyakoki.

An ayyana wasu wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda biyar a cikin 1937 a Patagonia kuma sabis ɗin ya tsara sabbin garuruwa da wurare don inganta yawon shakatawa da ilimi. An ayyana wasu shida a shekarar 1970.

A cikin 1970 wata sabuwar doka ta kafa sabbin nau'ikan kariya, ta yadda a yanzu akwai wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, abubuwan tarihi na ƙasa, wuraren ajiyar ilimi da wuraren ajiyar yanayi.  An ayyana wuraren shakatawa guda uku a cikin 1970s.  A cikin 1980, wata sabuwar doka ta tabbatar da matsayin wuraren shakatawa na kasa - wannan doka har yanzu tana nan.  A shekarun 1980 ne aka ga hidimar ta kai ga al’ummomin kananan hukumomi da kananan hukumomi don taimakawa wajen gudanar da ayyukan dakunan shakatawa na kasa.  An samar da ƙarin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa goma tare da haɗin gwiwar gida, wani lokacin ta hanyar gida.  A shekara ta 2000, an ayyana wuraren shakatawa na Mburucuyá da Copo, kuma an haɓaka wurin ajiyar yanayi na El Leoncito zuwa wurin shakatawa na ƙasa.

Hedikwatar National Park Service tana cikin garin Buenos Aires, a kan Santa Fe Avenue. Laburaren karatu da cibiyar bayanai suna buɗewa ga jama'a. Har ila yau, gwamnatin ta rufe wuraren tunawa na kasa, kamar su Petrified Forest, da wuraren ajiyar halitta da ilimi.

 Manazarta

Category: Yanayi
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