Koliivshchyna

Koliivshchyna ( Ukrainian   ; Polish   ) wani babban tawaye ne na haidamaky wanda ya barke a Dama-bank Ukraine a watan Yuni 1768,  ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa na manoma tare da kula da Kiristocin Orthodox ta Bar Confederation da Serfdom,  da kuma rashin amincewa da Cossacks da manoma zuwa ga gida Polonized Ruthenian nobility da kabilanci Poles.   Tashin hankalin ya kasance tare da pogroms akan duka magoya bayan Bar Confederation na gaske da kuma tunanin masu goyon baya na Bar Confederation, musamman kabilanci Poles, Yahudawa, Roman Katolika, musamman ma limaman Katolika na Byzantine da 'yan'uwa. Wannan ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa Uman .  An kiyasta adadin wadanda abin ya shafa daga 100,000  zuwa 200,000. Yawancin al'ummomi na tsiraru na ƙasa (kamar Tsofaffin Muminai, Armeniya, Musulmai da Girkawa ) sun bace gaba ɗaya a yankunan da boren ya lalata.   

 Etymology 
Asalin kalmar Koliivshchyna ba ta da tabbas. Taras Shevchenko, wanda kakansa ya shiga cikin tashin hankali, ya rubuta wata waka, Haydamaky, wanda aka kwatanta kolii a matsayin wuka mai albarka a cikin coci da kuma amfani da ƙauyen Ukrainian don kashe dabbobi da mutuntaka, bisa ga fahimtar gida na hakkin dabba . Albarkacin wukake dai ya faru ne makonni biyu ko uku kafin a yi boren a bisa ka’ida, don haka mambobi da magoya bayan kungiyar lauyoyi da sojojinta sun gudu zuwa daular Usmaniyya kafin a yi bore. Duk da haka, wasu kagara irin su Uman da Lysianka 'yan kungiyar Bar Confederation sun mamaye su.

Kalmar kuma na iya zama daidaitawa na kalmomin Poland kolej, kolejno, po kolei, wanda ke nufin służba kolejna (sabis na sintiri), yana zayyana mayaƙan Cossack a cikin sabis na aristocrats. Masana tarihi na Poland irin su Władysław Andrzej Serczyk da Volodymyr Shcherbyna ɗan Yukren ne suka ba da shawarar wannan ilimin. 

 Abubuwan da suka faru 
Tawayen ya kasance a lokaci guda ga Ƙungiyar Bar, wanda ya samo asali a wani yanki na kusa a cikin garin Bar ( Podolia na tarihi) kuma ya kasance yakin basasa a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuania Commonwealth . 

Ƙungiyar Bar ta ayyana ba bangaskiyar Orthodox kawai ba amma cocin Uniate ya zama mai goyon bayan Rasha. Bayan haka, gwamnatin Poland da cocin Roman Katolika sun zargi duka Cocin Gabas da alhakin kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa Uman da kuma tawaye domin Rasha ta goyi bayan yancin siyasa na muminai na cocin biyu. Ko da yake kusan dukkan daliban makarantar hauza ta Uman Uniate sun mutu a kisan kiyashin, amma gwamnatin Poland ta zarge su da rushewar birnin. 

Tawayen manoma ya rura wutar ta hanyar Ducats da Maxim Zalizniak ya biya ga kowane Bar Confederate da aka kashe da kuma ta hanyar yada shelar goyan baya da kira zuwa makamai ta Rasha Empress Catherine II, abin da ake kira "Charter Golden".  Mafi yawa bisa jita-jita, yarjejeniyar, duk da haka, yana da tushe na gaske kuma yana da alaƙa da shawarar Repnin sejm don ba da 'yancin siyasa ga Uniates da Kiristocin Orthodox. Catherine ta ba da takardar sake rubutawa a cikin 1765 zuwa Archimandrite Melkhisedek kuma ta sanya jakadan Rasha a Warsaw sauƙaƙe tabbatar da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka na Ukraine.  A cikin 1764, a kan yankin Mai watsa shiri na Zaporozhian kuma tare da kan iyakokin kudancin Poland-Lithuania Commonwealth, daular Rasha ta kirkiro sabuwar gwamnatin Rasha a madadin lardin New Serbia da ke da a baya kuma ta mamaye yankin sosai. 

Shirye-shiryen zanga-zangar adawa da Bar Confederation da harin farko na Cossack detachment na Maksym Zalizniak ya fara ne a Motronynskyi Holy Trinity Monastery (yanzu gidan zuhudu ne a Cherkasy Raion ), wanda shi ne Archimandrite Melkhisedek (Znachko-Yavorsky) na Orthodox, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan majami'a a Ukraine. 1761-1768. 

 A cikin shahararrun al'adu 
Wakar Taras Shevchenko Haidamaky ( The Haidamakas ) ta ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na Koliivshchyna. Har ila yau taron ya zaburar da zane-zane na baya-bayan nan a lokacin juyin juya halin mutuntaka . 

 Rigima 
A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2018 Majalisar Birnin Kyiv ta kada kuri'a don gudanar da abubuwan da ke nuna shekaru 250 tun Koliivshchyna; Wakilan biyu na jam'iyyar Svoboda mai tsananin kishin kasa ne suka gabatar da shawarar. Shawarar ta samu kakkausar suka daga al'ummar Yahudawan Yukren da kuma kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Kharkiv.  

 Nassoshi 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba