Cilicia

cilice /ˈsɪlɪs/, wanda aka fi sani da sackcloth,  asalin tufafi ne ko tufafi na ciki da aka yi da zane mai laushi ko gashin dabba (gashin gashi) wanda aka sa kusa da fata. Membobin al'adun Kirista daban-daban suna amfani da shi (ciki har da Katolika, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, da Ikklisiyoyin Presbyterian na Scotland)  a matsayin hanyar da aka ɗora wa kansu tuba da kuma lalata nama; a matsayin kayan aikin tuba, ana yawan sawa a lokacin tuba na Kirista na Lent, musamman a ranar Ash Laraba, Jumma'a Mai Kyau, da sauran Jumma'o'i na lokacin Lenten 

 Magana 
Kalmar cilice ta samo asali ne daga Latin , murfin da aka yi da gashin awaki daga Cilicia, lardin Romawa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya Ƙananan. Amfani na farko na Littafi Mai-Tsarki na wannan ainihin kalma yana cikin fassarar Vulgate (Latin) na Zabura 35:13, "Ego autem, cum mihi molesti essent, induebar cilicio. " ("Amma kamar yadda a gare ni, lokacin da suke rashin lafiya, tufafina sun kasance sackcloth" a cikin King James Bible). An fassara kalmar a matsayin gashin gashi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Douay-Rheims, kuma a matsayin jakar jakar a cikin King James Bible da Littafin Addu'a ta Jama'a. Sackcloth kuma na iya nufin burlap, ko kuma an haɗa shi azaman alama ce ta makoki, wani nau'i na gashin gashi.

 Amfani da shi 
Akwai wasu shaidu, bisa ga nazarin tufafin da aka wakilta a cikin fasaha da kuma adana alamun fata a Çatalhöyük a Turkiyya, cewa amfani da cilice ya riga ya wuce tarihin rubuce-rubuce. Wannan binciken an nuna shi a Göbekli Tepe, wani shafin Anatolian, yana nuna yaduwar masana'antar cilices. Ian Hodder ya yi jayayya cewa "tufafi na raunin kai wani muhimmin bangare ne na rikice-rikice na al'adun Catalhöyük, wanda ke wakiltar 'tsarkakewa' da 'haskewa'. 

A lokutan Littafi Mai-Tsarki, al'adar Yahudawa ce a sa rigar gashi (takalma) lokacin da ake " makoki ko a cikin nuna tuba ga zunubi" (Farawa 37:34,  2 Sama'ila 3:31,  Esther 4:1).  A cikin Sabon Alkawari, Yahaya Maibaftisma ya sa "tufafin gashin raƙumi" a matsayin hanyar tuba (Matiyu 3:4).   Saboda haka, masu bin addinan Kirista da yawa sun sa jakar don tuba, lalata nama ko kuma a matsayin tuba, musamman ga zunubai da suka shafi yin ado da kansu (cf. 1 Bitrus 3:3,  1 Timothawus 2:9). 

 A cikin shahararrun al'adu 
A cikin littafin tarihi na Thomas Pynchon na 1997 bayan zamani Mason & Dixon, lokacin da ya isa kwalejin Jesuit a Quebec, halin Eliza Fields yana sanye da ciyayi ta nuns a matsayin hukunci na sadomasochistic bayan da ta yarda da jin sha'awar jima'i a lokacin da gungun 'yan asalin Amurka suka kama ta.  Siffar spiked na cilice, wanda aka ƙera daga furen fure, cewa abubuwan halayen Pynchon sun bayyana sun dogara ne akan waɗanda karni na 20 Opus Dei yayi amfani da su. An fassara cilce a matsayin na'urar ba da labari da gangan don ɓata daidaiton tarihin littafin da kuma nuni ga dacewar bautar tarihi a Amurka ta zamani. 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba