Greenwashing

Greenwashing (kalma mai faɗi da aka tsara akan "whitewash"), wanda kuma ake kira green sheen,   wani nau'i ne na talla ko tallace-tallace wanda ke amfani da PR mai kore PR tallace-tafiye mai kore don shawo kan jama'a cewa samfuran, manufofi, ko manufofi na kungiya suna da abokantaka da muhalli.   Kamfanoni da suka yi amfani da dabarun sadarwa na greenwashing sau da yawa suna yin hakan don nisanta kansu daga kuskuren muhalli ko na masu samar da su. Kamfanoni suna shiga cikin greenwashing saboda dalilai biyu na farko: don bayyana halattacce da kuma tsara hoton alhakin muhalli ga jama'a. Saboda "babu ma'anar jituwa na greenwashing", ƙuduri cewa wannan yana faruwa a cikin wani misali na iya zama na ra'ayi.

 Abubuwan da suka faru 
Greenwashing yana faruwa ne lokacin da wata kungiya ta kashe karin albarkatu a kan tallace-tallace na "kore" fiye da ayyukan muhalli masu kyau. Kamfanoni da yawa suna amfani da greenwashing don inganta ra'ayin jama'a game da alamun su. Tsarin kamfanoni masu rikitarwa na iya ƙara rufe hoto mafi girma. Kamfanoni suna ƙoƙari su yi amfani da laifin muhalli na masu amfani. Masu sukar aikin sun ba da shawarar cewa haɓakar greenwashing, tare da ƙa'idodi marasa inganci, yana ba da gudummawa ga shakku na mabukaci game da duk da'awar kore kuma yana rage ikon mabukaci don fitar da kamfanoni zuwa ga hanyoyin masana'antu da ayyukan kasuwanci. Greenwashing yana rufe ajanda da manufofi na kamfanoni marasa dorewa. Babban zarge-zargen jama'a na greenwashing sun ba da gudummawa ga karuwar amfani da kalmar.

 Halaye 
Ayyukan da aka ɗauka a matsayin halayyar greenwashing na iya bambanta ta lokaci da wuri, samfurin, da ra'ayoyi ko tsammanin mutumin da ke yin ƙuduri.Pears, Peter; Baines, Tim; Williams, Oliver (2023-07-24). "Greenwashing: Navigating the Risk". Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance.

A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, greenwashing na iya gabatar da kansa ta hanyoyi da yawa:

 Da'awar cewa kamfanin zai cimma burin muhalli na gaba yayin da ba ya sanya isasshen tsare-tsare don yin hakan.
 Kasancewa da gangan game da ayyukan ko amfani da da'awar da ba za a iya tabbatar da ita ba (kamar faɗar cewa suna da "amfani da muhalli" ko "kore").
 Cewa cewa samfurin ba ya dauke da kayan cutarwa ko amfani da ayyukan cutarwa waɗanda ba za su yi amfani da su ba.
 Bayyana abu daya kamfanin yana da kyau game da muhalli yayin da ba ya yin wani abu.
 Inganta samfuran da suka hadu da mafi ƙarancin tsari kamar dai samfuran tsara ba su yi ba.

 Tarihi 
Asalin greenwashing za a iya gano shi zuwa lokuta daban-daban. Misali, Keep America Beautiful kamfen ne wanda masana'antun abin sha da sauransu suka kafa a 1953.  Kamfen ɗin ya mayar da hankali kan sake amfani da datti, yana karkatar da hankali daga alhakin kamfanoni don kare muhalli. Manufar ita ce ta hana ka'idojin kwantena masu zubar da kaya kamar wanda Vermont ta kafa.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, yunkurin muhalli ya sami ƙarfi, musamman bayan da aka buga alamar Silent Spring ta Rachel Carson. Littafin ya nuna canji game da muhalli kuma ya yi wahayi zuwa ga aikin ɗan ƙasa. Ya sa kamfanoni da yawa su nemi sabon mai tsabta ko hoto mai kyau ta hanyar talla, kodayake wasu kamar E. Bruce Harrison, wanda aka fi sani da mahaifin greenwashing na zamani, sun nemi ɓata sunan Carson kuma su raina saƙon littafinta. Jerry Mander, tsohon mai kula da talla na Madison Avenue, ya kira wannan sabon nau'in talla "ecopornography".

 Masana'antar abinci 

 A shekara ta 2009, McDonald's ta canza launi na alamun Turai daga rawaya da ja zuwa rawaya da kore; wani mai magana da yawun ya bayyana cewa canjin shine "don bayyana alhakin  na adana albarkatun kasa. "  A watan Oktoba 2021 an zargi McDonald's da greenwashing bayan ya sanar da alkawarinsa na isa ga fitar da iska ta hanyar 2050. 
 A cikin 2018, don mayar da martani ga karuwar kira don hana filastik, Starbucks ya gabatar da murfin tare da ciyawar sha da aka gina a ciki wanda ya ƙunshi filastik da nauyi fiye da tsohuwar ciyawar da murfin gaba ɗaya (ko da yake ana iya sake amfani da shi, ba kamar wanda ya riga shi ba). 
 A cikin 2020, an gano Coca-Cola a matsayin mai gurɓata filastik na farko a duniya ta hanyar Break Free From Plastic . Koyaya, kamfanin ya ci gaba da cewa yana samun ci gaba wajen rage sharar filastik. Sun ce suna da alƙawarin "sake dawo da kowane kwalba a shekara ta 2030" duk da kasancewa mafi girman mai gurɓata filastik na shekaru da yawa a jere. Cibiyar Tsibirin Duniya ta gurfanar da su a cikin 2021 saboda ikirarin karya.

 Manazarta