Shirin Yanayi na Yamma

Western Climate Initiative, Inc. (WCI) kamfani ne mai zaman kansa na 501 (c) (3) wanda ke gudanar da kasuwar cinikin hayaki tsakanin jihar California ta Amurka da lardin Quebec na Kanada da kuma gudanar da tsarin cinikin hayakin hayaki daban a lardin Nova Scotia na Kanada da jihar Washington ta Amurka. Hakanan yana ba da sabis na gudanarwa, fasaha da ababen more rayuwa don tallafawa aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kai-da-kasuwanci a wasu yankunan Arewacin Amurka. An kafa kungiyar ne a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007 ta gwamnonin jihohi biyar na yamma tare da burin bunkasa wani bangare mai yawa, shirin da ke kan kasuwa don rage hayakin gas; an kafa shi a halin yanzu a shekara ta 2011.

 Tsarinsa 
Tun lokacin da aka sake dawo da ita a cikin 2011 a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa, WCI tana karkashin jagorancin Kwamitin Daraktoci wanda hukumomin da suka halarci ya nada. Kowace hukuma tana nada daraktocin jefa kuri'a guda biyu zuwa Hukumar.
MatsayiSunanIkon ikoBayaniCibiyarJason HollettMataimakin Mataimakin Minista, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Canjin YanayiMataimakin ShugabanLiane RandolphShugaban, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta CaliforniaHukumar Kula da Jirgin Sama ta CaliforniaMai ba da kuɗiJean-Yves BenoitDarakta Janar na Dokar Carbon da Bayanan fitarwa, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Yaki da Canjin YanayiSakatareLilani KumaranayakeBabban Darakta na Manufofin Kasuwanci, Tattalin Arziki da Shirye-shiryen Kasafin Kudi, Ma'aikatar KudiƘarin Daraktocin ZabeJared BlumenfeldTsohon Sakatare, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta CaliforniaKim RicardDaraktan Kasuwancin Carbon, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Yaki da Canjin YanayiLaura WatsonDarakta, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Jihar WashingtonLuke MartlandManajan Aiwatar da Dokar Alkawarin Yanayi, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Jihar Washington

 Tarihi 
An kafa Shirin Yammacin Yanayi a matsayin Yammacin Yammacin Canjin Yanayi a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2007, ta gwamnonin Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oregon da Washington. Yarjejeniyar kafa ta bayyana burin WRCAI shine kimantawa da aiwatar da hanyoyin rage fitar da iskar gas din da ke cikin jihohin su da kuma cimma fa'idodi masu alaƙa. Wadannan jihohi da mahalarta gaba a cikin shirin (wanda aka fi sani da "abokan hulɗa") suma sun himmatu ga saita burin yanki gaba ɗaya don rage hayaki (wanda aka kafa a watan Agustan 2007 a matsayin kashi 15 cikin dari a ƙasa da matakan hayaki na 2005 ta 2020),  shiga cikin rajistar iskar gas mai tsabta don auna da bin diddigin hayaki, da kuma karɓar ƙa'idodin mai tsabta don motocin fasinjoji. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2008, shirin ya fadada ya hada da wasu jihohin Amurka guda biyu (Montana da Utah) da larduna hudu na Kanada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario da Quebec). Tare, waɗannan abokan hulɗa sun ƙunshi kashi 20 cikin 100 na GDP na Amurka da kashi 76 cikin 100 na PIB na Kanada.

 Manufofin da zane 
Babban burin da ake yi da shi kuma mai rikitarwa na WCI shine samar da wani bangare mai yawa, shirin da ke kan kasuwa don rage hayakin gas. WCI ta fitar da cikakkun shawarwari na ƙira don shirin yanki da kasuwanci don rage hayakin gas a watan Satumbar 2008 da Yuli 2010.  A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, California da Quebec sun amince da ka'idoji bisa ga waɗannan shawarwari.  (WCI ba ta da ikon sarrafa kansa.) Ana aiwatar da mahimman fannoni na gudanarwa na shirin yanki da kasuwanci a cikin 2012. Tsire-tsire na wutar lantarki, masu tsarkakewa, da sauran manyan masu fitarwa dole ne su bi ƙwanƙwasawa a cikin 2013. Sauran hanyoyin fitar da iskar gas, kamar masu samar da man fetur na sufuri, dole ne su bi iyakar da ta fara a shekarar 2015. Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, Yammacin Yanayi na Yamma ya kafa tushe don shirin Arewacin Amurka, ba kawai a cikin ƙirar sa da aiwatarwa ba, amma a cikin yiwuwar karɓar iskar gas daga ayyukan da ke fadin Arewacin Amurka.

 Tattaunawa game da WCI 
Wasu masu lura [wace?] sun bayyana dukkan aikin a matsayin Greenwash da aka tsara don kauce wa yin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, kuma sun nuna shaidar cewa za a iya samun raguwa mai yawa, har zuwa 40%, ba tare da ya shafi yawan saka hannun jari a cikin hannun jari ba, kyakkyawan alama cewa irin wannan raguwa ba zai shafi yanayin tattalin arziki a cikin tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya ba. 

 Abokan hulɗa da masu kallo 
Abokan hulɗa da yawa na Amurka, kodayake masu aiki a cikin ƙirar shirin, sun sanar a cikin 2010 cewa za su jinkirta ko a aiwatar da shirin a cikin ikonsu. Saboda haka an daidaita haɗin gwiwar don haɗawa da California kawai da larduna huɗu na Kanada da ke aiki sosai don aiwatar da shirin. Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2012, ba a bayar da ka'idoji daga British Columbia, Manitoba, ko Ontario ba, kodayake harajin carbon a British Columbia zai karu zuwa $ 30 / tan na kwatankwacin CO2 a watan Yulin 2012.  Yawancin abokan hulɗa na WCI sun kasance masu aiki a cikin International Carbon Action Partnership, ƙungiyar daidaitawa ta duniya don irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin kasuwancin carbon na yanki.

Alberta da Saskatchewan sun ki amincewa da yin kasuwanci kuma a watan Yulin 2008 sun kira shirin WCI "karɓar kuɗi ta wasu larduna masu talauci na Kanada".  Koyaya, Alberta ta riga ta tsara tsarin kasuwancin ta na fitar da hayaki don manyan masu fitarwa a cikin 2007. Rashin amincewa da alama sun fi alaƙa da rahoto da buƙatun bayyanawa waɗanda za su kasance mafi girma ga aikin Arewacin Amurka fiye da wanda ke da tushe sosai a Alberta. Wasu daga cikin jihohin da suka janye a ƙarshen 2011 sun kuma yi niyyar bunkasa man fetur, fashewar ruwa na iskar gas da albarkatun kwal wanda zai sami tasiri mai yawa fiye da yanayi a kan ruwa, gami da ƙarin ƙarancin teku.

Har zuwa ƙarshen shekara ta 2011, shirin ya haɗa da nau'ikan mahalarta guda biyu: abokan tarayya da masu kallo.

Shekaru da yawa, abokan hulɗa sun kasance Jihohin Amurka na California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, da Washington, da lardunan Kanada na British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, da Quebec. Duk jihohi / larduna ban da California da Quebec sun janye a cikin 2011. Dubi ƙasa: Canjin membobin.

Masu lura sun haɗa da a lokuta daban-daban Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada, Wyoming, lardin Saskatchewan (wanda ke adawa da shirin WCI don tsarin cap da kasuwanci ), da Jihohin Mexico na Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora da Tamaulipas.

 Canjin membobin 

 26 Fabrairu 2007: Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oregon, da Washington sun kafa Yankin Yammacin Yanayi na Yanayi.
 24 Afrilu 2007: British Columbia ta shiga tare da jihohin yamma guda biyar, ta juya WCI zuwa haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa.
 21 Mayu 2007: Utah ta zama jiha ta shida da ta shiga WCI lokacin da Gwamna Jon Huntsman Jr. ya sanya hannu kan shirin. Huntsman shine gwamnan Republican na biyu da ya shiga, bayan gwamnan California Arnold Schwarzenegger .
 13 Yuni 2007: Manitoba ta ce za ta zama lardin Kanada na biyu da ya shiga WCI. 
 24 Satumba 2007: Alaska ta shiga WCI a matsayin mai kallo.
 19 Nuwamba 2007: Gwamnan Montana ya ba da sanarwar cewa jiharsa za ta shiga.
 Janairu 2008: Montana a hukumance ta shiga WCI.
 18 Afrilu 2008: Quebec, a baya mai lura, ya zama abokin tarayya.
 18 Yuli 2008: Ontario, a baya mai lura, ya zama abokin tarayya.
 2 ga Fabrairu 2010: Arizona ta ba da sanarwar cewa ba za ta aiwatar da shirin kai-da-kasuwanci ba, musamman a lokacin faduwar tattalin arziki, amma ta ci gaba da kasancewa memba a cikin WCI a matsayin abokin tarayya.
 29 Yuni 2011: California ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a jinkirta aiwatar da ƙwanƙwasawa shekara guda don ba da damar abubuwan da suka dace na shirin su kasance a wurin kuma su yi aiki sosai. Ƙarfin murfin da kuma sa ran rage fitarwa, duk da haka, ba za su kasance ba.
 6 ga Yulin 2011: Don ci gaba da daidaitaccen tsarin aiwatar da shirin yanki, Quebec ta sanar da jinkirin shekara guda a aiwatar da murfin.
 18 Nuwamba 2011: Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah da Washington sun bar WCI a hukumance. Har ila yau, an jefa sa hannun BC cikin shakku, inda jami'ai suka nuna gamsuwa da tsarin harajin carbon da ke akwai kuma ba su yi alkawarin aiwatar da tsarin rufewa da kasuwanci don maye gurbinsa ba.

Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, sauran abokan hulɗa na WCI sune California da lardunan Kanada British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, da Quebec.

 11 Mayu 2018: Nova Scotia ta zama abokin tarayya na WCI, kuma tana aiwatar da shirin kai da kasuwanci a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2019 . 
 11 ga Oktoba 2018: Ontario ta zartar da Dokar sokewa ta Cap da Kasuwanci, 2018 kuma ta janye daga WCI.

Bayan da British Columbia ta daina shiga cikin kasuwancin hayaki a cikin 2018, ta kasance mai shiga tsakani a ƙarƙashin dokokin WCI har sai an yi gyare-gyare.

Ya zuwa 2022, yankunan WCI masu halarta sune jihohin Amurka na California da Washington; da lardunan Kanada na Nova Scotia da Quebec.

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin shirye-shiryen canjin yanayi
 Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi
 Yarjejeniyar Gas ta Tsakiyar Yamma
 Shirin Gas na Yanki (Gasashin Arewacin Amurka) 
 Rubuce-rubucen Yanayi
 Shirin Kasuwancin Carbon da Kasuwanci na Amurka
 Shirin Vulcan
 Shirye-shiryen sauyin yanayi na yanki a Amurka
 Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Amurka

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba