French Cameroon

Faransa Kamaru, wanda kuma akafi sani da French Kamaru (French: Cameroun), wani yanki ne da Faransa take ba da izini a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Yanzu ta zama wani yanki na ƙasar Kamaru mai cin gashin kanta.

Gabashin ƙasar da Jamus ta yi wa mulkin mallaka na Kamaru (German: Deutsche Kolonie Kamerun). Matsayinsa, daga shekarun 1919, ya kasance na 'yankin da aka ba da izini' na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (LON), daga baya ya zama 'yankin aminci' a ƙarƙashin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN). Hakanan memba ce ta Tarayyar Faransa a matsayin yanki mai alaƙa, sannan ƙasa mai aminci ta Kamaru, kuma a ƙarshe mamba ce ta Al'ummar Faransa.

 Tarihi 

 Farko 
Yankin Kamaru na yau ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon Jamus a lokacin "Scramble for Africa" a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Kariyar Jamus ta fara ne a cikin shekarar 1884 tare da yarjejeniya tare da sarakunan yankin a yankin Douala, musamman Ndumbe Lobe Bell, sannan a hankali aka miƙa shi zuwa cikin gida.Marc Michel, "La guerre oubliée du Cameroun", in L'Histoire n°318, March 2007, pp.50–53  A cikin shekarar 1911, Faransa ta miƙa wasu sassan yankinta ga Kamarun Jamus, sakamakon rikicin Agadir, sabon yankin da aka fi sani da Neukamerun ("Sabuwar Kamaru"). A lokacin yakin duniya na ɗaya, sojojin Birtaniya da na Faransa ne suka mamaye mamaya na Jamus, sannan daga bisani ƙungiyar ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba wa kowace ƙasa umarni a shekarar 1922.Jacques Foccart, counsellor to Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou and Jacques Chirac for African matters, recognized it in 1995 to Jeune Afrique review. See also Foccart parle, interviews with Philippe Gaillard, Fayard – Jeune Afrique  and also "The man who ran Francafrique – French politician Jacques Foccart's role in France's colonization of Africa under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle – Obituary"  in The National Interest, Fall 1997 An san wajabcin Biritaniya da Kamarun Burtaniya da Faransa a matsayin Faransa Kamaru (French: Cameroun). Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kowanne daga cikin yankunan da aka ba da izini an mayar da yankin Amintattun Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Rikicin da Ruben Um Nyobé ya jagoranta da Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Kamaru (UPC) ya ɓarke a cikin shekarar 1955, Jamhuriyar Faransa ta huɗu ta murkushe shi sosai. Faransa Kamaru ta samu 'yancin kai a matsayin Jamhuriyar Kamaru a watan Janairun 1960 sannan a watan Oktoban 1961 yankin kudancin Kamarun Burtaniya ya haɗe da shi don kafa Jamhuriyar Kamaru. Musulmin yankin arewacin Kamarun Birtaniya sun zaɓi haɗewa da Najeriya a watan Mayun wannan shekarar. Rikicin da UPC ya kasance har zuwa shekara ta 1970s.Johnson, Willard R. 1970. The Cameroon Federation; political integration in a fragmentary society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

 Lokacin Interwar 
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Ba a haɗa Kamarun Faransa zuwa Afirka ta Equatorial ta Faransa (AEF) ba amma ta yi “Commissariat de la République cin gashin kansa” a ƙarƙashin ikon Faransa. Faransa ta kafa wata manufa ta assimilationism da nufin an manta da kasancewar Jamusanci, ta hanyar koyar da Faransanci a duk faɗin ƙasar da kuma sanya dokar Faransa, yayin da take bin "siyasa na asali", wanda ya ƙunshi kula da tsarin shari'a da na 'yan sanda, tare da jure wa batutuwan dokokin gargajiya. Har ila yau, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta bi manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a (Eugène Jamot ya yi wasu bincike game da ciwon barci) tare da ƙarfafa Francophony. Charles Atangana, wanda Jamusawa suka naɗa, da wasu shugabannin gida an gayyace su zuwa Faransa, kuma Paul Soppo Priso ya naɗa shi shugaban JEUCAFRA (Youth French na Kamaru). Charles Atangana zai ziyarci nunin mulkin mallaka na 1931 na Paris kuma ya halarci taron Faransa na shekarar  1935. Faransa ta yi taka tsantsan don ɓacewa duk ragowar kasancewar Jamus da nufin kawar da duk wata alama ta Germanophilia. Wariyar launin fata ta Faransa ta zama ruwan dare a ko'ina cikin mulkin mallaka da sauri, kuma ra'ayin Faransa ya biyo baya kuma za a ƙarfafa shi a ƙarshen shekarar 1940s. 

 Manazarta