Phyllis Young

Phyllis Young, wanda aka fi sani da Woman Who Stands by the Water, da Woman Who Loves the Water, 'yar Indiya ce ta Amurka (Lakota / Dakota) mai fafutuka wacce ta kasance mai aiki a cikin al'ummarta sama da shekaru 40. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kungiyoyi kamar The American Indian Movement (AIM) kuma a matsayin memba mai kafa Women of All Red Nations (WARN). Tsakanin 1993 da 2008 Young ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin Gidan Tarihi na Indiyawan Amurka, kuma a 1977 ta taimaka wajen daidaita Taron farko kan Indiyawa a Amurka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, Switzerland. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin jagora a gwagwarmayar rigakafin Dakota Access Pipeline a cikin 2016 da 2017.

 Tsayawa Tsayawa Tsaro 
An haifi Phyllis Young a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1949 a kan Standing Rock Reservation, wanda ke kan iyakar Arewa da Dakota ta Kudu. Yankin Indiya na Standing Rock galibi ana sarrafa shi ne ta Sioux Nation, waɗanda aka kore su daga gidajensu saboda fadada yamma a cikin 1800s. Kafin a sanya su cikin ajiyar Standing Rock, Sioux sun zauna a gefen gabas na Kogin Missouri. A keta Yarjejeniyar Fort Laramie, sojojin Amurka sun shiga cikin Black Hills, ƙasa mai tsarki ga 'yan asalin Sioux, Sioux sun ki barin ko sayar da ƙasarsu, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da fadace-fadace tsakanin Sioux da Amurkawa. Rikicin ya ci gaba da shekaru da yawa amma a ƙarshe ya haifar da mika wuya ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da kuma sanya su cikin ajiyar Standing Rock. Tare da burin daidaitawa, gwamnatin Amurka ta tilasta yara zuwa makarantun kwana a cikin birane na kasar, kamar Chicago, Seattle, Los Angeles, da Cleveland.

 Mutanen da ke zaune a birane na Amurka 
Lokacin da Young ke da shekaru na farko, an sanya ta cikin Native American Urban Relocation, shirin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya daidaita 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka zuwa al'adun Amurka da al'umma. Matasa sun ga al'adun da ke raguwa zuwa matsanancin mataki a cikin shirin Native American Urban Relocation. Young ta lura da abin da gwamnati ke yi wa mutanenta kuma ta yi amfani da shi don motsa ta a cikin aikinta tare da Mata na Dukkanin Red Nations da Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka. Young ta zauna a Los Angeles na ɗan gajeren lokaci amma daga ƙarshe ta koma ajiyar Standing Rock, inda ta fara makaranta. Lokacin da Young ke aji na uku, ta halarci makarantar kwana da ake kira Fort Yates, makarantar gwamnati da ke arewacin Standing Rock Reservation. Makarantu masu shiga, kamar yadda aka tsara don sake komawa 'yan asalin Amurka, sun tilasta wa' yan asalin Amurka shiga cikin al'ummar Amurka.

 Farawar Makarantu masu zaman kansu 
Samun 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ya fara ne a cikin 1819, lokacin da Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Asusun Civilization . Dokar ta tilasta "tsarin wayewa" wanda ya kai sama da shekaru 100. Wannan ya haifar da kirkirar makarantun kwana na 'yan asalin Amurka. Kimanin, an gudanar da makarantun kwana 357 a fadin jihohi 30 a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wadannan wuraren ajiya sun kasance kusan yara Indiyawan Amurka 60,000. An fara daidaita 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a cikin 1860 bayan an kafa makarantun kwana a kan ajiya. Kasancewa a waɗannan makarantun kwana ya zama tilas, ba tare da la'akari da yardar iyaye ba. Da zarar sun isa waɗannan makarantun kwana, an ba wa yara 'yan asalin Amurka sunayen Anglo-American, tufafin soja, kuma za a tilasta wa yara maza aske kawunansu. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun saba amfani da matasa 'yan asalin Amurka don aikin gida da na hannu. Makarantu masu zaman kansu sun kasance babban bangare a cikin daidaitawar 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da rayuwar Young. Young na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari su ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa da al'adunta da mutanenta.

 Al'adu da Haɗin Kai da Ƙasar 
Phyllis Young ta girma a kan Standing Rock Reservation a cikin shekarun 1950. Abinci da ruwa na iyalinta sun zo tare da Kogin Missouri da abin da iyalinta za su iya girma a cikin filayen da ke da kyau. Lokacin da Young ke da shekaru 10 rundunar Sojojin Amurka ta gina madatsar ruwan Oahe. An gina madatsar ruwan Oahe don sarrafa kwararar ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki. Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a shekarar 1948 kuma an kammala shi a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 1958.  Dam din ya mamaye ƙasar iyalinta, ya lalata albarkatun iyalinta da gida. Ƙabilar Kogin Cheyenne daga ƙarshe za su shigar da kara a kan rundunar Sojoji bayan lokuta da yawa na ambaliyar ruwa, suna da'awar cewa ambaliyar ta haifar da madatsar ruwan Oahe. Mutanen Oceti Sakowin, wanda aka fi sani da Sioux su ne mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasashen da ke kusa da Kogin Missouri. Oceti Sakowin, wanda kuma ke fassara zuwa Wutar Majalisar Bakwai, kasashe ne daban-daban waɗanda suka bi manufofi da al'adun Sioux. Wutar Majalisar Bakwai sune Mdewakaton- Mazauna da ke Ƙasar Mai Tsarki, Wahpekute- Masu Harbi a cikin ganye, Sistonwan / Sisseton- Mutanen Marsh, Wahpetonwan- Mazaunan a cikin ganima, Ihanktonwan / Lower Yanktonai, Inhanktowna / Upper Yanktonai- na Little End, da Tentonwan - Mutanen a Filayen.

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