Tasirin sauyin yanayi kan noma

Akwai illoli da dama da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa a harkar noma, wanda da yawa daga cikinsu ke sa ayyukan noma su yi wahala wajen samar da wadataccen abinci a duniya. Haɓaka yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayin sau da yawa yana haifar da raguwar amfanin gona saboda ƙarancin ruwa da fari da zafin rana da ambaliya ke haifarwa.Bezner Kerr, R., T. Hasegawa, R. Lasco, I. Bhatt, D. Deryng, A. Farrell, H. Gurney-Smith, H. Ju, S. Lluch-Cota, F. Meza, G. Nelson, H. Neufeldt, and P. Thornton, 2022: Chapter 5: Food, Fibre, and Other Ecosystem Products. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.007. Wadannan illolin sauyin yanayi kuma na iya kara hadarin yankuna da dama da ke fama da gazawar amfanin gona a lokaci guda. A halin yanzu wannan haɗarin yana da wuya amma idan waɗannan gazawar amfanin gona na lokaci guda suka faru, za su iya haifar da sakamako mai mahimmanci ga wadatar abinci a duniya.Gaupp, Franziska; Hall, Jim; Mitchell, Dann; Dadson, Simon (23 May 2019). "Increasing risks of multiple breadbasket failure under 1.5 and 2 °C global warming" (PDF). Agricultural Systems. 175: 34–45. Bibcode:2019AgSys.175...34G. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2019.05.010. hdl:1983/d5df7241-3564-43de-b9ef-31a103c7a46d. S2CID 182687026 Yawancin kwari da cututtuka na shuka ana sa ran za su yi yawa ko kuma su yadu zuwa sababbin yankuna. Dabbobin duniya ana sa ran za su fuskanci matsaloli da yawa. Wadannan al'amurra sun hada da matsananciyar zafi zuwa karancin abincin dabbobi da yaduwar cututtuka da cututtukan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar: 746Kornhuber, Kai; Lesk, Corey; Schleussner, Carl F.; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Pfleiderer, Peter; Horton, Radley M. (4 July 2023). "Risks of synchronized low yields are underestimated in climate and crop model projections". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3528. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3528K. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38906-7. PMC 10319847. PMID 37402712

Ƙarar yanayin yanayin CO2 daga ayyukan ɗan adam (mafi yawan kona man fetur) yana haifar da tasirin CO2. Wannan tasirin yana daidaita wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na illar canjin yanayi akan aikin gona. Duk da haka, yana zuwa ne ta hanyar rage ƙananan matakan mahimman ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a cikin amfanin gona. A bakin tekun, ana sa ran za a rasa wasu filayen noma sakamakon hawan teku, yayin da glaciers narke zai iya haifar da karancin ruwan ban ruwa. A gefe guda, ƙarin ƙasar noma na iya samun samuwa kamar yadda ƙasa mai daskarewa ta narke. Sauran illolin sun haɗa da zaizayar ƙasa da sauye-sauye a cikin ƙasa da tsawon lokacin girma. Kwayoyin cuta kamar Salmonella da fungi da ke samar da mycotoxins suna girma da sauri yayin da yanayin ke dumama. Girman su yana da mummunan tasiri akan amincin abinci, asarar abinci da farashi.

An gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan illar sauyin yanayi kan amfanin gonaki guda, musamman kan amfanin gona guda hudu: masara (masara), shinkafa, alkama da waken soya. Wadannan amfanin gona suna da alhakin kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na dukkan adadin kuzari da mutane ke cinyewa (dukansu kai tsaye da kai tsaye a matsayin abincin dabbobi).[10] Binciken ya binciki muhimman rashin tabbas, misali karuwar yawan jama'a a nan gaba, wanda zai kara yawan bukatar abinci a duniya don nan gaba.[11] Matsayin gaba na zaizayar ƙasa da raguwar ruwan ƙasa shine ƙarin rashin tabbas. A daya bangaren kuma, ci gaban da aka samu kan amfanin noma, wanda aka fi sani da Green Revolution, ya kara yawan amfanin gona a kowace raka'a ta kasa da kashi 250% zuwa 300% tun daga shekarar 1960. Wasu daga cikin wannan ci gaban za su ci gaba: 727

Tsaron abinci na duniya zai canza kadan nan gaba kadan. Mutane miliyan 720 zuwa miliyan 811 ne ba su da isasshen abinci a shekarar 2021, inda kusan mutane 200,000 ke cikin wani bala'i na rashin abinci.[12] Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai ƙara ƙarin mutane miliyan 8 zuwa 80 waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar yunwa nan da shekara ta 2050. Ƙididdigan kewayon ya dogara ne da ƙarfin ɗumamar yanayi a nan gaba da kuma tasirin matakan daidaitawa. Hasashen da suka kai gaba zuwa gaba (zuwa 2100 da bayan) ba su da yawa. Akwai wasu damuwa game da illolin tsaro na abinci daga mafi munin yanayi a nan gaba. Amma duk da haka, a wannan mataki ba a yi tsammanin za a yi yunwa a duniya ba saboda sauyin yanayi a cikin karni na 21.Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Beattie, Andrew; Ceballos, Gerardo; Crist, Eileen; Diamond, Joan; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ehrlich, Anne H.; Harte, John; Harte, Mary Ellen; Pyke, Graham; Raven, Peter H.; Ripple, William J.; Saltré, Frédérik; Turnbull, Christine; Wackernagel, Mathis; Blumstein, Daniel T. (2021). "Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future". Frontiers in Conservation Science. 1. Bibcode:2021FrCS....1.5419B. doi:10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419.

 Tasiri kai tsaye daga canza yanayin yanayi 

 Canje-canjen da aka lura a cikin mummunan yanayi 
Canje-canjen yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayi zai canza wuraren da suka dace da noma.[30] Hasashen da ake yi a yanzu shine cewa yanayin zafi zai karu kuma hazo zai ragu a yankuna masu busassun busassun busassun busassun da ke kusa ( Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Ostiraliya, Kudu maso yammacin Amurka, da Kudancin Turai). Bugu da kari, amfanin amfanin gona a yankuna masu zafi zai fuskanci mummunan tasiri sakamakon hasashen matsakaicin karuwar zafin jiki (1-2 ° C) da ake sa ran zai faru a farkon rabin karni. A cikin rabin na biyu na karni, ana hasashen ƙarin dumamar yanayi zai rage yawan amfanin gona a duk yankuna ciki har da Kanada da Arewacin Amurka.. Yawancin kayan amfanin gona masu mahimmanci suna da matukar damuwa ga zafi kuma idan yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da 36 ° C (97 ° F), ana kashe shukar waken soya kuma pollen masara ya rasa ƙarfinsa. A cewar wasu ƙididdiga, haɓakar zafin jiki na 1 ° C na iya haifar da raguwar 5-10% na amfanin gona a nan gaba.Pradhan, Prajal; Seydewitz, Tobias; Zhou, Bin; Lüdeke, Matthias K. B.; Kropp, Juergen P. (18 July 2022). "Climate extremes are becoming more frequent, co-occurring, and persistent in Europe". Anthropocene Science. 1 (2): 264–277. Bibcode:2022AnthS...1..264P. doi:10.1007/s44177-022-00022-4.

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