Yanayi (gona ruwan inabi)

A cikin ruwan inabi, ana rarraba yanayin yankunan ruwan inabi bisa ga halaye na yanayin yankin a Lokacin girma. Duk da yake an yarda da bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin yanayi, ana rarraba Yanayin zafi yawan yankunan ruwan inabi (wanda ya danganta da rarraba yanayin Köppen) a matsayin wani ɓangare na Bahar Rum (misali Tuscany ), na teku (misali: Bordeaux ) ko Yanayin nahiyar (misali, Columbia Valley ). Yawancin samar da ruwan inabi na duniya yana faruwa  daya daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan yanayi guda uku a wurare tsakanin 30th parallel da 50th parallel a duka arewa da kudancin hemisphere.T. Stevenson "The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia" pg 14-15 Dorling Kindersley 2005  Duk da yake ruwan inabi ya wanzu a wasu yanayi na wurare masu zafi, musamman Brazil, adadin samar da ruwan inabi mai inganci a waɗancan yankuna kaɗan ne cewa ba a yi nazarin tasirin yanayi sosai kamar sauran rukunoni ba.J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition  pg 179-195, 388, 428-434, 716-714 Oxford University Press 2006 

 Tasirin yanayi a kan ruwan inabi 
Baya ga tabbatar da ko ana iya ci gaba da noma a'a a wani yanki, tasirin yanayi na wani yanki yana da tsawo wajen rinjayar nau'ikan inabi da aka shuka a yankin da kuma nau'ikan ayyukan ruwan inabi da za a yi amfani da su. Kasancewar isasshen rana, zafi da ruwa duk suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaba mai kyau da ci gaban inabi a lokacin girma. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaba da bincike ya ba da haske game da tasirin barci wanda ke faruwa bayan girbi lokacin da inabi ya rufe kuma ya adana makamashi don farkon sake zagayowar shekara mai zuwa.

Gabaɗaya, kurangar inabi suna bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai zafi wanda ke ba da inabi mai tsawo, lokacin dumi a lokacin fure mai mahimmanci, saita 'ya'yan itace da lokacin girma[1].  Tsarin ilimin lissafi na inabin inabi da yawa yana farawa lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kai kusan 10 ° C (50 °F).  A ƙasan wannan zafin jiki, vines yawanci suna cikin lokacin dormancy.  Ƙarƙashin wannan zafin jiki, kamar wurin daskarewa na 0 °C (32 °F) kurangar inabi na iya lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi.  Lokacin da matsakaicin zafin rana ya kasance tsakanin 17 da 20 °C (63 da 68 °F) itacen inabin zai fara fure.  Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tashi zuwa 27 °C (80 °F) da yawa daga cikin hanyoyin ilimin halittar kurangar inabin suna kan ci gaba yayin da gungu na inabi suka fara girma akan itacen inabi.  Ɗaya daga cikin halayen da ke bambanta nau'o'in yanayi daban-daban daga juna shine faruwa da tsawon lokacin da waɗannan yanayin zafi mafi kyau ya bayyana a lokacin girma..K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 12-21 Workman Publishing 2001 

Baya ga zafin jiki, adadin ruwan sama (da buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa) wani fasalin bayyanawa ne. A matsakaici, inabi yana buƙatar kusan  mm () na ruwa don ci gaba a lokacin girma, ba duk abin da za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar ruwan sama na halitta ba.  Bahar Rum da yawancin yanayi na nahiyar, yanayin a lokacin girma na iya zama bushe sosai kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa. Sabanin haka, yanayin teku sau da yawa yana fama da matsanancin ruwan sama mai yawa a lokacin girma wanda ke haifar da haɗarin ruwan inabi.K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 12-21 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5

Sauran abubuwan yanayi kamar iska, danshi, Matsin yanayi, hasken rana da Bambancin zafin rana - wanda zai iya bayyana nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban - na iya samun tasiri a kan ruwan inabi na yanki.H. Johnson & J. Robinson The World Atlas of Wine pg 20-21 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 12-21 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5

 Yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum 
Yankunan ruwan inabi tare da yanayi yanayi na Bahar Rum suna da yanayin tsiro mai tsawo na matsakaici zuwa zafi. A ko'ina cikin shekara akwai ƙananan canjin yanayi, tare da yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu gabaɗaya ya fi na yanayin teku da na nahiyar. A lokacin tsiro na inabi, akwai ruwan sama kadan (tare da mafi yawan hazo da ke faruwa a cikin watanni na hunturu) wanda ke kara haɗarin haɗarin ruwan inabi na fari kuma yana iya gabatar da buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa.J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition  pg 179-195, 388, 428-434, 716-714 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6

Yankin Bahar Rum yana da alaƙa da yankunan da ke kewaye da tafkin Bahar Rum, inda ruwan inabi da Yin ruwan inabi suka fara bunƙasa a babban sikelin saboda tasirin Phoenicians, Helenawa, da Romawa na duniya ta dā.J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition  pg 179-195, 388, 428-434, 716-714 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6

 Yankunan ruwan inabi da ke da yanayin Bahar Rum 

 Tuscany da yawancin sauran yankunan ruwan inabi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Italiya
 Liguria
 Marsala, Sicily
 Gidan wanka
 Sardinia
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Girka
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Cyprus
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Isra'ila
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Jordan
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Lebanon
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Palasdinawa
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Albania
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Montenegro
 Corsica
 Languedoc da Roussillon
 Provence
 Kudancin Rhone ValleyKwarin Rhone
 Malta
 Andalusia ciki har da Jerez de la Frontera
 Tsibirin Balearic
 Tsibirin Canary (ƙasar wurare masu zafi) 
 Catalonia
 Jumilla, Spain
 Ruwan inabi na Madrid
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Portuguese
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Primorska na Slovenia (Cfa) 
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Croatia (Cfa) 
 Wasu yankunan Ruwan inabi na Azerbaijan
 Napa Valley da sauran yankunan Ruwan inabi na California
 Kudancin Oregon AVA
 Yankunan ruwan inabi na Baja California
 Yammacin Australiya da Yammacin Australia yankunan ruwan inabi
 Kwarin Tsakiya na Chile
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Yammacin Afirka ta Kudu
 Yamma da kudancin gabar teku yankunan Ruwan inabi na Turkiyya: Yankin Aegean Yankin Marmara (ƙasar teku) Yankin Bahar Rum
 Yankin Aegean
 Yankin Marmara (ƙasar teku) 
 Yankin Bahar Rum
 Ƙananan ƙasashen Thracian, yankin ruwan inabi na Kudancin Bulgaria (Cfa) 
 Upper Struma Valley, yankin ruwan inabi na Kudu maso Yammacin Bulgaria (Cfa) 
 Azores (ƙofar teku) 
 Madeira
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Aljeriya
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Masar (wanda tsarin Nilu ke ban ruwa) 
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Maroko
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Tunisia
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Shiraz, Iran (har zuwa 1979, tun lokacin da aka fi girma a Ostiraliya da Afirka ta Kudu) 

 Yanayin yanayi na nahiyar 
Yankunan ruwan inabi da ke da yanayi na nahiya suna da alamun sauye-sauye na yanayi da ke faruwa a duk lokacin girma, tare da yanayin zafi a lokacin bazara da lokacin sanyi da ya isa ga kankara da dusar ƙanƙara na lokaci-lokaci.&nbsp; Ana bayyana wannan gabaɗaya da samun babban darajar nahiyar.&nbsp; Yawancin yankuna masu irin wannan yanayi ana samun su a cikin ƙasa a cikin nahiyoyi ba tare da wani ruwa mai mahimmanci ba (kamar tekun cikin ƙasa) wanda zai iya daidaita yanayinsu.&nbsp; Sau da yawa a lokacin girma yanayin yanayi na nahiyoyi na iya samun bambance-bambancen yanayin zafin rana, tare da yanayin zafi sosai a cikin yini wanda ke raguwa sosai da dare.&nbsp; A lokacin hunturu da farkon watanni na bazara, sanyi da ƙanƙara na iya zama haɗarin viticultural.&nbsp; Dangane da macroclimate na yankin, ana iya buƙatar ban ruwa don ƙarin ruwan sama na yanayi.&nbsp; Wadannan tasirin yanayi da yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga bambance-bambancen nau'in innabi mai fa'ida wanda galibi yakan saba da yanayin yanayi kamar Burgundy. . J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition  pg 179-195, 388, 428-434, 716-714 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6

Akwai yankuna da yawa na ruwan inabi tare da yanayi na nahiya a yankin arewa fiye da yadda ake samu a yankin kudu.  Wannan ya faru ne saboda, a wani ɓangare, ga ƙaramin girman ƙasa na nahiyoyin kudancin duniya dangane da manyan tekuna da ke kusa.  Wannan bambance-bambancen yana nufin cewa tekuna suna yin tasiri kai tsaye a kan yanayin yankunan ruwan inabi na kudancin kogin (samar da su teku ko yuwuwar Rum) fiye da yadda suke yi a manyan nahiyoyi na arewacin duniya.  Har ila yau, akwai yankuna da yawa na ruwan inabi (irin su Spain) waɗanda ke da yankunan da ke nuna yanayin yanayin Bahar Rum saboda tsayinsu ko nisa daga teku.  Waɗannan yankuna za su sami canjin yanayi daban-daban fiye da yanayin Bahar Rum, amma har yanzu suna riƙe wasu halaye kamar lokacin girma mai tsayi wanda ya bushe sosai a lokacin bazara.J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition  pg 179-195, 388, 428-434, 716-714 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6

 Yankunan ruwan inabi tare da yanayin nahiyar 

 Burgundy (na teku ta hanyar ka'idodin Amurka) 
 Côte-Rôtie da sauran yankunan Ruwa inabi na Arewacin Rhone (maritime by US standards) 
 Yankin Ruwan inabi na Jura (na teku ta hanyar ka'idodin Amurka) 
 Yawancin Kwarin Loire (na ruwa ta hanyar ka'idodin Amurka) 
 Rioja (Cfa/Cfb) 
 Piedmont na Italiya da yawancin sauran yankunan ruwan inabi na Arewacin Italiya (Cfa / CFb) 
 Douro (Mediterranean ta hanyar ka'idodin Amurka) 
 Saale-Unstrut, Jamus
 Saxony
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Armenia
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Austriya
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Bulgarian
 Cikin ƙasar Croatia (Cfa/Cfb) 
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Czech
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Hungary
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Kazakh
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Makidoniya (Cfa) 
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Moldova
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Poland
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Romania
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Rasha
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Serbia (Cfa / CFb) 
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Slovakia
 Podravje da Posavje, Slovenia (maritime by US standards) 
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Turkiyya ciki har da Anatolia ta Tsakiya da Gabashin Anatolia
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Ukraine
 Mai Tsarki, Latvia
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Kanada (ciki har da Okanagan Valley, British Columbia kuma ban da yammacin BC) 
 Mendoza, Argentina (subtropical) 
 Yawancin AVA na Tsakiyar Delaware (PA / NJ) 
 Kwarin Columbia (ya haɗa da Kwarin Walla Walla (Csa) da Kwarin Yakima) 
 Yawancin Cumberland Valley AVA (PA / MD) 
 Gabashin Connecticut Highlands AVA
 Finger Lakes, NY
 Babban kwarin, Colorado
 Yankin Kogin Hudson
 Tafkin Erie AVA (NY/PA/OH) 
 Tafkin Michigan Shore AVA, Michigan
 Yawancin Lancaster Valley AVA, Pennsylvania
 Lehigh Valley AVA, Pennsylvania
 Missouri Rhineland
 Niagara Escarpment AVA, NY
 Yawancin kwarin Kogin Ohio AVA (IN/KY/OH/WV) 
 Yawancin yankin Missouri na Ozark Mountain AVADutsen Ozark AVA
 Yawancin Snake River Valley AVA (Idaho / Oregon) 
 Babban yankin Kudu maso gabashin New England AVA (CT/MA/RI) 
 Texas Davis Mountains AVA
 Filayen Texas AVA
 Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA (IL/IA/MN/WI) 
 Yammacin Connecticut Highlands AVA
 Yawancin yankunan ruwan inabi na Hokkaido
 Gundumar Nagano, Japan
 Tendō, Yamagata
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Yeongcheon, Lardin Gyeongsang na Arewa, Koriya ta Kudu
 Gundumar Yeongdong, Lardin Arewacin Chungcheong, Koriya ta Kudu
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Beijing
 Ningxia, kasar SinChina
 Yankunan ruwan inabi na Xinjiang
 Yantai, kasar Sin
 Gabashin Cascade Range, Jihar Washington, Amurka
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Otago na tsakiya, New Zealand (maritime by US standards) 

 Yanayin yanayi na teku 
Yankunan ruwan inabi tare da yanayin teku suna da kusanci da manyan ruwa (kamar Tekuna, estuaries da teku na ciki) waɗanda ke daidaita yanayin zafi. Yanayin yanayi na teku yana da halaye da yawa tare da yanayin Bahar Rum da na nahiyar kuma galibi ana bayyana su a matsayin "ƙasa ta tsakiya" tsakanin matsanancin biyu.C. Fallis, editor The Encyclopedic Atlas of Wine pg 20-21 Global Book Publishing 2006  Kamar yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum, yanayin yanayi na teku yana da dogon lokacin girma, tare da ruwa mai gudana wanda ke daidaita yanayin zafi na yankin. Koyaya, yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum yawanci ya bushe sosai a lokacin girma, kuma yanayin yanayi na teku galibi yana ƙarƙashin haɗarin ruwan inabi na ruwan sama mai yawa da danshi wanda zai iya inganta Cututtukan inabi daban-daban, kamar ƙura da mildew. Kamar yanayin yanayi na nahiyar, yanayin yanayi na teku zai sami canje-canje na yanayi daban-daban, amma yawanci ba su da tsananin gaske, tare da dumi, maimakon zafi, bazara da sanyi, maimakon sanyi, hunturu.J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition  pg 179-195, 388, 428-434, 716-714 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 Har ila yau, yanayin teku ya kasance a wasu yankunan da ke shuka ruwan inabi na tsaunuka masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi, gami da kudancin Dutsen Appalachian a Amurka, tsaunuka na gabashin Australiya da tsaunuka da tsakiya na Mexico.

 Yankunan ruwan inabi tare da yanayin teku 

 Bordeaux
 Champagne
 Irouléguy AOC, Lower NavarreƘananan Navarre
 Yankin Ruwan inabi na Madiran, Gascony
 Muscadet
 Alsace da Lorraine (ƙasar ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Faransanci) 
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Jamus (ƙasar ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Faransanci) 
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Liechtenstein (ƙasar ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Faransanci) 
 Kwarin Moselle ciki har da Luxembourg (ƙasar ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Faransanci) 
 Yawancin yankunan Ruwan inabi na Switzerland (ƙasar ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Faransanci) 
 Bizkaiko Txakolina, Kasar Basque
 Rías Baixas (Csb) 
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na New Zealand
 Kudancin Chile ciki har da kwarin Bío, Kwarin Itata, da Kwarin Malleco (Csb) 
 Block Island, Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard (Cfa), da Nantucket (duk wani bangare na Kudu maso gabashin New England AVA da iyakar nahiyar) 
 Long Island (Cfa iyaka da nahiyar, da farko gabas ƙarshen, kuma ciki har da North Fork da Hamptons) 
 Arewacin Fork na Roanoke, Virginia
 Puget Sound (Csb) 
 Rocky Knob AVA, Virginia
 Wasu daga cikin Shenandoah Valley AVA (VA / WV) 
 Upper Hiwassee Highlands (GA / NC) (yawanci Cfa) 
 Winery na Dutsen Wine, Hawaii
 Kwarin Willamette (Csb) 
 Kwarin Alpine, Victoria
 Pyrenees na Australiya
 Bowral, New South Wales
 Yawancin Yankin ruwan inabi na Gundumar Canberra
 Yankin tsaunuka na Cowra, New South Wales
 Yankin Fleurieu ciki har da Kangaroo Island da Langhorne Creek, Kudancin Australia (Csb) 
 Gippsland, Victoria
 Gidan yarinya, Victoria
 Gidan dutse, Queensland/NSW
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Heathcote, Victoria
 Hannu, Victoria
 Yankin tsaunuka na Mudgee, New South Wales
 Orange, New South Wales
 Port Phillip, Victoria (ya haɗa da Mornington Peninsula da Yarra Valley) 
 Tasmania
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Tumbarumba, NSW (ƙananan busasshiyar) 
 Fraser Valley, British Columbia
 Tsibirin Gulf, BC
 Yankunan ruwan inabi na Tsibirin Vancouver ciki har da Kwarin Cowichan, BC
 Médanos, Lardin Buenos Aires
 Lardin Río Negro, Argentina (ƙananan busasshiyar ƙasa) 
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Tarihi, Bolivia
 Caxias na Kudu, Brazil
 São Joaquim, Brazil
 Yankunan da ke shuka ruwan inabi na Gabashin Cape ciki har da St Francis Bay, Afirka ta Kudu
 Yankin tsaunuka na KwaZulu da Natal
 Mossel Bay, Western Cape, Afirka ta Kudu (semi-arid) 
 Wasu yankunan ruwan inabi na tsaunuka na Habasha
 Yankunan Ruwan inabi na Belgium
 Yankunan ruwan inabi na Denmark
 Yankunan ruwan inabi na Holland
 Ingila da Wales
 Kudancin Ireland
 Wasu yankunan Ruwan inabi na Georgia
 Wasu yankunan Ruwan inabi na Abkhazia
 Wasu yankunan Ruwan inabi na Crimea ciki har da Massandra
 Wasu yankunan ruwan inabi na Krasnodar Krai
 Wasu yankunan Ruwan inabi na Turkiyya
 Pico IPR, Pico, Azores, Portugal
 Da Lat, Vietnam
 Chã das Caldeiras, Cape Verde
 Yankunan Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Querétaro, da Zacatecas, tsaunuka na tsakiya na Mexico
 Wasu yankunan ruwan inabi na Kashmir
 Yankin ruwan inabi na Thimphu, Bhutan
 Matsumae Peninsula, Hokkaido
 Yammacin Cascade Range, Jihar Washington, Amurka (Csb) 

 Dubi kuma 

 Yanayin yanayi
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba