Manufar makamashi ta Burtaniya

Manufar makamashi ta Burtaniya tana nufin kokarin Burtaniya na rage karfin makamashi, rage talaucin makamashi, da kiyaye amincin samar da makamashi. Ƙasar Ingila ta sami nasara a wannan, kodayake ƙarfin makamashi ya kasance mai girma. Akwai wata manufa mai ban sha'awa don rage yawan iskar carbon dioxide a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, amma ba a sani ba ko shirye-shiryen da aka yi a wurin sun isa don cimma wannan manufar.

Ƙasar Ingila a tarihi tana da kyakkyawan rikodin manufofin ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar zirga-zirgar jama'a tare da birane, duk da fuskantar matsaloli tare da manyan jirage masu sauri, waɗanda ke da yuwuwar rage tashin jirage na gida da na ɗan gajeren lokaci na Turai. Manufar ba, ko da yake, tana ƙarfafa amfani da kayan haɗin gwal ko amfani da man fetur na ethanol, zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke wakiltar ɗan gajeren lokaci na nufin matsakaicin hauhawar yawan man fetur. Game da makamashin da ake sabuntawa, Burtaniya na da burin samar da makamashin iska da ruwa. Farar Takarda Kan Makamashi ta 2007 ta tsara manufa cewa kashi 20% na makamashin Burtaniya dole ne ya fito daga tushe masu sabuntawa nan da 2020.

Manufar makamashi na yanzu na Burtaniya shine alhakin Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Makamashi da Net Zero (DESNZ), bayan an raba Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Makamashi da Dabarun Masana'antu zuwa Sashen Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya, Innovation da Fasaha a cikin 2023. Ana sarrafa kasuwannin makamashi ta ofishin Kasuwancin Gas da Wutar Lantarki (Ofgem).

Abubuwan da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta mayar da hankali kan manufofin makamashi sun canza tun lokacin da Dokar Lantarki ta 1989 da Dokar Gas ta 1986 ta mayar da waɗannan abubuwan amfani ga kamfanoni. Manufar ta mayar da hankali ga gwamnatocin Burtaniya masu zuwa tun bayan samun cikakkiyar 'yanci na kasuwannin iskar gas da wutar lantarki a cikin 1998 da 1999Pearson, Peter; Watson, Jim (2012). UK Energy Policy 1980–2020 (PDF) (Report). Institute for Engineering and Technology (ICT) and Parliamentary Group for Energy Studies. Retrieved 21 October 2020 sun haɗa da sarrafa farashin makamashi, rage yawan kuzari, fitar da mitoci masu wayo, da haɓaka ingantaccen makamashi na ginin ƙasar.

 Dubawa 
Farar takarda ta 2007: "Haɗuwa da Ƙalubalen Makamashi" ya tsara dabarun gwamnati na kasa da kasa da na cikin gida don magance kalubalen makamashi na dogon lokaci da Birtaniya ke fuskanta, da kuma samar da manufofi hudu:

Don sanya Burtaniya a kan hanyar da za ta yanke hayakin carbon dioxide 60% nan da 2050, tare da ci gaba na gaske nan da 2020;

Don kula da samar da makamashi abin dogaro;

Don haɓaka kasuwanni masu gasa a cikin Burtaniya da kuma bayan haka, yana taimakawa haɓaka ƙimar ci gaban tattalin arziƙi mai ɗorewa da haɓaka yawan aiki; kuma

Don tabbatar da cewa kowane gida yana da isasshen zafi da araha.

Iyakar manufofin makamashi sun haɗa da samarwa da rarraba wutar lantarki, jigilar man fetur, da hanyoyin dumama (gas ɗin Gas mai mahimmanci). Manufar ita ce: "Makamashi yana da mahimmanci a kusan kowane bangare na rayuwarmu da kuma samun nasarar tattalin arzikinmu. Muna fuskantar kalubale biyu na makamashi na dogon lokaci:

Magance sauyin yanayi ta hanyar rage hayakin carbon dioxide a cikin Burtaniya da kasashen waje; kuma

Tabbatar da ingantaccen, tsafta da makamashi mai araha yayin da muke ƙara dogaro da man da ake shigo da shi daga waje."

Manufar kuma ta amince da cewa Birtaniya za ta buƙaci kusan 30-35 GW na sabon ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa kamar yadda yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki na yanzu da makamashin nukiliya, da aka gina a cikin 1960s da 1970s, sun kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu kuma an saita su don rufewa.

Binciken Makamashi na 2006 ya sake dawo da tsammanin sabbin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya a Burtaniya. Bayan nazarin shari'a da Greenpeace ta nema, a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2007 abubuwa na Binciken Makamashi na 2006 an yanke hukunci 'masu kuskure', kuma 'ba kawai rashin isa ba amma har ma da yaudara'. Sakamakon haka, shirin gina sabbin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ya sabawa doka a wancan lokacin. (Dubi ikon Nukiliya a Burtaniya don cikakkun bayanai). A cikin mayar da martani, gwamnati ta gudanar da shawarwarin "Makomar Nukiliya ta Nukiliya" daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba 2007. Amsar da gwamnati ta yi game da shawarwarin shawarwarin, wanda aka buga a cikin Janairu 2008, jihar "ya kafa kan kalubale na sauyin yanayi da tsaro na wadata, shaidar da ke nuna goyon baya ga sababbin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya suna da karfi."

Dokar Makamashi ta Janairu 2008 ta sabunta tsarin doka a Burtaniya don nuna manufofin gwamnati game da kasuwar makamashi da kalubalen da ake fuskanta kan sauyin yanayi da tsaro na wadata. Muhimman abubuwa na kudirin sun yi magana ne game da makaman nukiliya, kamawa da adanawa, abubuwan da ake sabunta su, da iskar gas da mai a teku. An buga wani tsari don ƙarfafa saka hannun jari a cikin ikon nukiliya a cikin sabon yanayi na tsari lokaci guda a cikin takardar farar nukiliya ta Janairu 2008.

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