Mafita na tushen yanayi

Matsalolin tushen yanayi (ko tsarin tushen yanayi, kuma an taƙaita su azaman NBS ko NbS) sun bayyana haɓakawa da amfani da yanayi (Rayukan halittu) da hanyoyin halitta don magance matsalolin zamantakewa da muhalli iri-iri.Girardin, Cécile A. J.; Jenkins, Stuart; Seddon, Nathalie; Allen, Myles; Lewis, Simon L.; Wheeler, Charlotte E.; Griscom, Bronson W.; Malhi, Yadvinder (2021). "Nature-based solutions can help cool the planet — if we act now". Nature. 593 (7858): 191–194. Bibcode:2021Natur.593..191G. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01241-2. PMID 33981055. Wadannan batutuwa sun hada da rage sauyin yanayi da daidaitawa, al'amurran da suka shafi tsaron bil'adama kamar tsaro na ruwa da abinci, da rage hadarin bala'i. Manufar ita ce, halittu masu juriya (ko na halitta, sarrafawa, ko sabon halitta) suna ba da mafita don amfanin al'ummomi da bambancin halittu.Eggermont, Hilde; Balian, Estelle; Azevedo, José Manuel N.; Beumer, Victor; Brodin, Tomas; Claudet, Joachim; Fady, Bruno; Grube, Martin; Keune, Hans (2015). "Nature-based Solutions: New Influence for Environmental Management and Research in Europe" (PDF). Gaia - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society. 24 (4): 243–248. doi:10.14512/gaia.24.4.9. S2CID 53518417. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020 Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ayyukan Aiki na 2019 ya ba da haske game da hanyoyin da suka dogara da yanayi a matsayin ingantacciyar hanya don yaƙar sauyin yanayi.Eggermont, Hilde; Balian, Estelle; Azevedo, José Manuel N.; Beumer, Victor; Brodin, Tomas; Claudet, Joachim; Fady, Bruno; Grube, Martin; Keune, Hans (2015). "Nature-based Solutions: New Influence for Environmental Management and Research in Europe" (PDF). Gaia - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society. 24 (4): 243–248. doi:10.14512/gaia.24.4.9. hdl:10400.3/4170. S2CID 53518417. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020. Misali, tsarin tushen yanayi don daidaita canjin yanayi na iya haɗawa da sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, maido da kariyar bakin teku, da samar da sanyaya cikin gida: 310

Manufar NBS tana da alaƙa da ra'ayin injiniyan muhalli da daidaitawar tushen muhalli: 284  NBS kuma suna da alaƙa, a ra'ayi ga aikin maido da muhalli. Tsarin gudanarwa mai dorewa shine muhimmin al'amari na ci gaban NBS da aiwatarwa.

Ƙoƙarin maido da Mangrove tare da bakin teku yana ba da misalin mafita mai tushen yanayi wanda zai iya cimma maƙasudai da yawa. Mangroves suna daidaita tasirin raƙuman ruwa da iska akan ƙauyuka ko biranen bakin teku, kuma suna sarrafa carbon. Suna kuma samar da wuraren gandun daji don rayuwar ruwa wanda ke da mahimmanci don dorewar kamun kifi. Bugu da kari, dazuzzukan mangrove na iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan zaizayar gabar teku sakamakon hawan matakin teku.

Koren rufin, rufin shuɗi da bangon kore (a matsayin ɓangare na kayan aikin kore) suma mafita ce ta yanayi waɗanda za a iya aiwatar da su a cikin birane. Za su iya rage tasirin tsibiran zafi na birane, kama ruwan guguwa, da kawar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, da kuma zama kamar nitsewar carbon. A lokaci guda, za su iya haɓaka bambancin halittu na gida.

Tsarin NBS da mafita suna haɓaka wani ɓangare na manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa kan sauyin yanayi. An haɗa su a cikin manufofin sauyin yanayi, zuba jarin kayayyakin more rayuwa, da hanyoyin kuɗin yanayi. Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta kara mai da hankali kan NBS tun daga 2013.Faivre, Nicolas; Fritz, Marco; Freitas, Tiago; de Boissezon, Birgit; Vandewoestijne, Sofie (2017). "Nature-Based Solutions in the EU: Innovating with nature to address social, economic and environmental challenges". Environmental Research. 159: 509–518. Bibcode:2017ER....159..509F. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.032. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 28886502. S2CID 42573101. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021. Wannan yana nunawa a yawancin nazarin shari'ar NBS na duniya wanda Debele et al (2023) ya yi nazari a cikin Turai. Duk da yake akwai fa'ida da yawa don haɓaka tsarin tushen yanayi da mafita a duniya, galibi suna fuskantar ƙalubale masu yawa yayin tsarawa da aiwatarwa.

IPCC ta yi nuni da cewa kalmar ita ce "batun muhawara mai gudana, tare da damuwa cewa zai iya haifar da rashin fahimtar cewa NbS da kansa zai iya samar da mafita na duniya game da sauyin yanayi":  24   Don ƙarin fayyace wannan batu, IPCC ta kuma bayyana cewa "tsarin tushen yanayi ba za a iya ɗaukar su azaman madadin, ko dalili na jinkirtawa, raguwa mai zurfi a cikin GH 6"Wamsler, C.; Wickenberg, B.; Hanson, H.; Alkan Olsson, J.; Stålhammar, S.; Björn, H.; Falck, H.; Gerell, D.; Oskarsson, T.; Simonsson, E.; Torffvit, F. (2020). "Environmental and climate policy integration: Targeted strategies for overcoming barriers to nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation". Journal of Cleaner Production. 247: 119154. Bibcode:2020JCPro.24719154W. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119154. ISSN 0959-6526.

 Ma'anarsa 
Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN) ta ayyana NBS a matsayin "ayyukan don karewa, gudanarwa mai dorewa, da maido da yanayin halitta ko gyare-gyare, wanda ke magance kalubalen al'umma yadda ya kamata da kuma daidaitawa, tare da samar da jin dadin ɗan adam da fa'idodin halittu". Kalubalen al'umma na dacewa a nan sun haɗa da sauyin yanayi, samar da abinci, rage haɗarin bala'i, tsaro na ruwa.

A wasu kalmomi: "Maganganun da suka dogara da dabi'a su ne shiga tsakani da ke amfani da ayyuka na dabi'a na kyawawan halittu don kare muhalli amma kuma suna ba da fa'idodi masu yawa na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa."

Ma'anar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta NBS ta bayyana cewa waɗannan mafita suna "wahayi kuma suna tallafawa ta yanayi, waɗanda suke da tsada, lokaci guda suna samar da fa'idodin muhalli, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa ƙarfin hali. Irin waɗannan mafita suna kawo ƙarin, kuma mafi bambance-bambancen yanayi da siffofi na yanayi da matakai a cikin birane, shimfidar wurare, da teku, ta hanyar daidaitawa na gida, ingantaccen albarkatu da tsarin tsarin " A cikin 2020, an sabunta ma'anar EC don ƙara jaddada cewa "Maganin tushen yanayi dole ne su amfana da bambancin halittu kuma su goyi bayan isar da kewayon sabis na muhalli."Nature-Based Solutions - European Commission". Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019

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