Yaƙin Alarcos

Yaƙin AlarcosWani bangare na Reconquista da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Almohad a yankin IberianGidan sarauta na AlarcosframelessRanar18 ga Yuli, 1195Wurin da yakeAlarcos, Ciudad Real lardin 38°57′10′′N 4°0′0′′W / 38.95278°N 4.00000°W / 38. 95278; -4.00000Coordinates: 38°57′10″N 4°0′0″W﻿ / ﻿38.95278°N 4.00000°W﻿ / 38.95278; -4.00000Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlasSakamakonNasarar Almohad Battle of Alarcos, Theresa M. Vann, Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia, Ed. E. Michael Gerli and Samuel G. Armistead, (Taylor & Francis, 2003), 42.Masu fafatawaMasarautar CastileDokar SantiagoDokar St. BenedictAlmohad Caliphate 'yan tawayen CastilianKwamandoji da shugabanninAlfonso na takwas na CastileDiego López de HaroAbu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur Pedro Fernández de CastroƘarfiƘididdigar zamani mara tabbas: Fiye da 25,000 Kaufmann, Kaufmann & Jurga 2004, p. 101Ƙididdigar zamani mara tabbas: 20,000-30,000 

Yaƙin Alarcos watan (Yuli 18, 1195) shekara ta alif dari da casain da biyar,  ya yi yaƙi tsakanin Almohads karkashin jagorancin Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur da Sarki Alfonso na takwas na Castile.  Ya haifar da cin nasarar sojojin Castilian da kuma koma baya zuwa Toledo, yayin da Almohads suka sake cinye Trujillo, Montánchez, da Talavera.

 Ginshiki 
A cikin shekara alif dari da tamanin da tara 1189 Khalifa Almohad Yaqub al-Mansur ya dawo daga Marrakesh don Silves_(1189)" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Siege of Silves (1189)">yaƙi da Portuguese wanda, tare da taimakon kawancen Kirista, ya karɓi Silves. Ya sami nasarar sake kwace birnin kuma ya koma babban birninsa.

Armistice tsakanin Almohads da sarakunan Kirista na Castile da León ya biyo baya. A ƙarshen yarjejeniyar, kuma bayan ya Zaki labari cewa Yaqub yana da rashin lafiya sosai a Marrakesh kuma cewa ɗan'uwansa Abu Yahya, gwamnan Al-Andalus, ya haye Bahar Rum don ya ayyana kansa sarki kuma ya mallaki Marrakesh, Alfonso na takwas na Castile ya yanke shawarar kai hari kan yankin Seville a cikin shekara ta alif dari da casa'in da hudu 1194.  Wani babban mai masauki a karkashin babban bishop na Toledo (Martín López de Pisuerga), wanda ya hada da rundunar sojoji ta Calatrava, ya kwace lardin. Bayan ya samu nasarar murkushe burin ɗan'uwansa, Yaqub al-Mansur ya bar shi ba tare da wani zaɓi ba sai dai ya jagoranci balaguro a kan Kiristoci, waɗanda yanzu suna barazana ga lardin arewacin daularsa.

A ranar farko ga watan Yuni, shekara ta alif dari da casa'in da biyar 1195, ya sauka a Tarifa . Da yake wucewa ta lardin Seville, babban sojojin Almohad ya isa Cordova a watan Yuni 30, da ƴan dakaru da gwamnonin yankin suka ɗaga da su da kuma wata rundunar sojan doki ta Kirista a ƙarƙashin Pedro Fernández de Castro, waɗanda suka yi adawa da sarkin Castilian. A watan Yuli 4 Yakubu ya tashi daga Cordova ; sojojinsa sun haye ta hanyar Muradal (Despeñaperros) kuma suka ci gaba ta filin Salvatierra. Rundunar sojan doki na Order of Calatrava, tare da wasu jarumai daga ƙauyuka da ke kusa, sun yi ƙoƙarin tattara labarai game da ƙarfin Almohad da kan sa; an kewaye su da ƴan leƙen asiri na musulmi, kuma an kusa kashe su.  amma sun sami nasarar ba da bayanai ga Sarkin Castilian.

Alfonso ya tara sojojinsa a Toledo kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Alarcos (al-Arak, a Larabci), kusa da Kogin Guadiana, wurin da ya nuna iyakar Kudancin mulkinsa kuma inda ake gina sansani. Ya yi niyyar hana samun damar zuwa kwarin Tagus mai arziki, kuma bai jira ga ƙarfafawar da Sarakuna Alfonso IX na León da Sancho VII na Navarre ke aikawa ba. Lokacin da a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta alif dari da casa'in da biyar mai masaukin Almohad ya zo, Yaqub al-Mansur bai yarda da yaƙi a wannan rana ko washegari ba, ya fi son ya huta ga sojojinsa; amma da wuri bayan haka, Laraba, 18 ga watan Yul, sojojin Almohad sun kafa don yaƙi a kusa da wani karamin tudun da ake kira La Cabeza, harbe-harbe biyu daga Alarcos.

 Yaƙi 
Yusuf Ya'qub Al-Mansur ya ba da izininsa, Abu Yahya ibn Abi Hafs, umurni na dakarun gaggawa: a kan layin farko masu sa kai na Bani Marin a karkashin Abu Jalil Mahyu ibn Abi Bakr, tare da babban rukuni na masu harbi da kabilar Zenata; a bayansu, a kan tudun kanta, izinin tare da tutar Amir da tsaron kansa, daga kabilar Hintata; a hagu Arab mai karbar baki a karkashin Yarmun ibn Riyah; kuma dama, sojojin al-Andalus a karkashin sanannen sanannen sananne. Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur da kansa ya rike kwamandan baya, wanda ya hada da mafi kyawun sojojin Almohad karkashin jagorancin Yabir ibn Yusuf, Abd al-Qawi, Tayliyun, Muhammad ibn Munqafad, da Abu Jazir Yajluf al-Awrabi da kuma baƙar fata (na baƙar fata na Afirka). Dakarun sojoji ne masu ban tsoro, wanda Alfonso ya raina ƙarfinsa sosai. Sarkin Castilian ya sanya mafi yawan dalarun sojan doki, kimanin 8,000 masu karfi, kuma ya ba da umurninsa ga Diego López de Haro, ubangijin Vizcaya. Sarkin da kansa zai biyo baya tare da sojan ƙasa da Dokokin Soja. 

Harin dakarun sojan dawakai na Kirista ya kasance mai rikici. Dakarun sojojin sun fadi a kan Zanatas da Bani Marin kuma sun watsar da su; an ja su da ma'auni na Amir, sun kai hari kan tudu: An kashe Vizier Abu Yahya,  kuma Hintata ya fadi kusan ga mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin kare kansu. Yawancin jaruman sojojin sun juya zuwa yankin hagu kuma bayan gwagwarmaya mai tsanani sun kori sojojin Al-Andalus na Ibn Sanadid. Sa'o'i uku sun wuce; da rana, a cikin zafi mai tsanani, gajiya da makamai masu linzami waɗanda suka ci gaba da faɗowa a kansu sun ɗauki nauyin jaruman da ke dauke da makamai. Larabawa na dama a karkashin Yarmun sun kasance suna kewaye da bangarorin Castilian da baya; a wannan lokacin mafi kyawun sojojin Almohad sun kai hari, tare da Sultan da kansa a bayyane a cikin matsayi na gaba; kuma a ƙarshe an kusan kewaye da jarumai gaba ɗaya.

Alfonso ya ci gaba kuma bai gaza ba tare da dukkan sauran dakarun sojojinsa a cikin rikicin, sai ya kara kai hari daga kowane bangare alhali ana harbo ruwan kibiyoyi tamkar ruwan sama. Ya yi yaƙi da hannu da hannu, har sai da aka cire shi daga aikin, kusan da karfi, ta hanyar mai tsaron jikinsa; sun gudu zuwa Toledo. An hallaka sojan Castilian, tare da mafi rinjayen Dokokin da suka goyi bayan su; Ubangida na Vizcaya ya yi ƙoƙari ya tilasta hanyarsa ta hanyar zobe na dakarun sojojin abokan gaba, amma a ƙarshe dole ne ya nemi mafaka a cikin sansanin da ba a gama ba na Alarcos tare da ɗan ƙaramin jarumansa. Gidan sarauta an kewaye shi da kimanin mutane 3,000 da suka makale a ciki, rabin su mata da yara. Abokin gaba na sarki, Pedro Fernández de Castro, wanda bai taka rawar gani ba a cikin aikin, Amir ya aiko shi don tattauna batun mika wuya; López de Haro da waɗanda suka tsira an yarda su tafi, suna barin jarumai guda 12 a matsayin masu garkuwa don biyan babban fansa.   

An hallaka dakarun sojojin filin Castilian. Wadanda aka kashe sun hada da Malaman Kiristoci (Bishops) guda uku (daga Avila, Segovia, da Siguenza);  Count Ordoño García de Roda da 'yan uwansa; Counts Pedro Ruiz de Guzmán da Rodrigo Sánchez; Masters of the Order of Santiago, Sancho Fernández de Lemus, da na Portuguese Order of St. Benedict, Gonçalo Viegas. Rashin Musulmai ya hada da mutuwar vizier da Abi Bakr, kwamandan masu sa kai na Bani Marin, wanda ya mutu daga raunukansa a shekara mai zuwa.

 Sakamakon haka 
Sakamakon yaƙin ya girgiza kwanciyar hankali na Masarautar Castile na shekaru masu yawa ko kuma na tsawon lokuta. Dukkanin masarautun da ke kusa sun mika wuya ko kuma an watsar da su: Malagón, Benavente, Calatrava,  Caracuel, da Torre de Guadalferza, kuma hanyar zuwa Toledo ta buɗe sosai. Koyaya, Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur ya koma Seville don yin asarar kansa mai yawa; a can ya ɗauki taken al-Monsur Billah ('Wanda Allah ya ci nasara').

A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, dakarun sojojin al-Mansur sun lalata "Extremadura", kwarin Tagus, La Mancha har ma da yankin da ke kusa da Toledo; sun koma baya da Montánchez, Trujillo, Plasencia, Talavera, Escalona da Maqueda. Wasu daga cikin wadannan tafiye-tafiye sun kasance karkashin jagorancin Pedro Fernández de Castro. Mafi mahimmanci, duk da haka, waɗannan hare-haren ba su samar da wani yanki ga Khalifa ba, kodayake diflomasiyyar Almohad ta sami kawance tare da Sarki Alfonso IX na León (wanda ya yi fushi lokacin da Sarkin Castilian bai jira shi ba kafin yakin Alarcos) da kuma tsaka-tsaki na Navarre. Wadannan kawance sun kasance na wucin gadi ne kawai.

Amma Khalifa yana rasa sha'awar al'amuran Yankin Iberian; yana cikin rashin lafiya, burinsa na riƙe al-Andalus ya zama cikakkiyar nasara, kuma a cikin 1198 ya koma Afirka. Ya mutu a watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif dari da casain da tara 1199.

Koyaya, nasarar yaƙin ya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci. Lokacin da Almohad Khalifa Muhammad al-Nasir ya yi ƙoƙari ya gina shi bayan shekaru sha shida 16 tare da sabon hari na Iberian, an ci shi a yakin Las Navas de Tolosa . Wannan yaƙin ya kasance alama ce ta juyawa wanda ya haifar da ƙarshen mulkin Moorish a Yankin Iberian. Daular Almohad kanta ta rushe bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. 

 Manazarta 

 Bayani 

 Bayanan littattafai 


 Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Maqqarī, Ibn al-Khaṭīb, Tarihin Daular Mohammedan a Spain, Vol.2, Johnson Reprint Corporation, alif dar takwas da arbain da uku 1843.
 Britannica.com
 Sarki, Georgiana Goddard, Wani taƙaitaccen labarin umarnin soja a Spain, The Hispanic Society of America, 1921 alif dari tara da ashirin da daya.
 Medieval Iberia: wani encyclopedia, Ed. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita.

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba