Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Quebec

Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Quebec (Faransa: Tribunal des droits de la personne) kotun farko ce ta musamman ta lardin Quebec, Kanada, wacce ke da ikon sauraro da yin hukunci da shari'o'i game da nuna bambanci da cin zarafi bisa ga haramtaccen dalilan da aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin dan Adam da 'Yancin Dan Adam, da kuma game da cin zarafin tsofaffi ko nakasassu da shirye-shiryen aiki.

 Tarihi 
An kirkiro Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam daidai da Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin dan Adam da 'Yanci ta Quebec .

An haifi Kotun ne a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1990, bisa ga dokar da ta sauya Yarjejeniyar haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci na mutum game da Hukumar da kuma kafa Kotun haƙƙoƙin mutum,  wanda Gil Rémillard, Ministan Shari'a na Quebec, ya gabatar a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, kuma an karɓa a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 1989. Wannan dokar ta canza tsarin da ya tabbatar da kariya ga haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci a cikin Lardin, wanda ya ƙunshi kawai Hukumar haƙƙin mutum a lokacin (a cikin 1995, Hukumar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta zama Hukumar haƙƙin Mutum da haƙƙin matasa). Manufar wannan dokar ita ce ta gyara matsalolin da aka nuna a cikin rahoton 1988 da Kwamitin Cibiyoyin Majalisar Dokoki na Kasa ya gabatar,  musamman ma fassarar da aka hana Yarjejeniyar ta kotuna talakawa, jinkirin da aka yi a hukumar da kuma rawar da hukumar ta dauka. 

A cikin 1990, Gwamnatin Quebec ta nada Michèle Rivet, alƙali na Kotun Quebec, a matsayin Shugaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam. Ta shugabanci Kotun har zuwa shekara ta 2010. Michèle Pauzé daga baya ta shugabanci Kotun daga 2010 zuwa 2014. Ya zuwa 1 ga Satumba, 2014, Ann-Marie Jones ta zama shugabar Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam.  Mai girma Madeleine Aubé ta zama shugabar kotun daga Satumba 2, 2022 zuwa Satumba 2, 2024. Tun daga ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2024, Mai Girma Christian Brunelle ya kasance mukaddashin Shugaban Kotun.

 Hukunce-hukuncen da suka gabata 
Tun lokacin da aka kirkireshi, Kotun ta yanke hukunci da yawa game da sabbin batutuwan doka, gami da:

 Oktoba 10 ga wata, shekara ta  1991: Kotun ta yanke shawara ta farko game da hadewar yaro mai nakasa cikin tsarin makaranta; 
 Maris 26, 1992: Kotun ta yanke muhimmiyar shawara game da cin zarafin jima'i; 
 Mayu 13 ga wata, shekara ta1994: Kotun ta yanke shawara game da cin zarafin tsofaffi,  na farko na irin sa a; 
 Satumba 11, 2008: Kotun, a cikin shari'ar Gaz Métropolitain  ta yi la'akari da cewa mata sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci;
 Fabrairu 9 ga wata, shekara ta 2011: Simoneau v. Tremblay - Kotun ta yanke shawara game da wajibin tsaka-tsaki na addini na jihar a cikin batun karatun addu'a a taron Majalisar Majalisa na birnin Saguenay; 
 Afrilu 18 ga wata, shekara ta 2012: Kotun ta yanke hukunci na farko game da bambancin launin fata wanda ya shafi birnin Montreal da SPVM; 
 Mayu 31, 2012: Shari'ar farko ta Kotun game da shirin tabbatar da aiki; 
 2015: Mouvement laïque québécois v Saguenay (City) - hukuncin ya kai Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta amince da ikon musamman na Kotun.
 Yuli 20, 2016: Ward v. Quebec - Kotun ta yanke hukunci a cikin wata shari'a, tana adawa da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mike Ward da mawaƙa Jérémy Gabriel, wanda ya haɗa da rikici tsakanin haƙƙoƙi guda biyu: hana nuna bambanci bisa ga nakasa da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, musamman a cikin mahallin faɗar fasaha. Wannan yanke shawara, wanda Kotun daukaka kara ta tabbatar,  Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta sauya shi a shekarar 2020.
 Mayu 11, 2018: Kotun ta yanke shawarar cewa an nuna wariya ga dalibai sama da 150 a wurin aiki, wanda ya saba wa sashi na 19 na Yarjejeniyar wanda ke kare haƙƙin daidaitaccen albashi ko albashi ga mutanen da ke yin aiki daidai a wuri ɗaya. Kotun daukaka kara ta tabbatar da wannan shawarar.

 Tattaunawar da ta gabata 
Don sauƙaƙe "ci gaba da bayani dalla-dalla game da tunanin shari'a mai mahimmanci a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa" da kuma inganta kariya ga 'Yancin Dan Adam a ciki, Kotun, a tsawon shekaru, ta shirya tarurruka da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar al'ummar shari'a: 

 Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Société québécoise de droit international, Samun dama ga Kotun Kare Kare Hakkin dan Adam ta Musamman: Bukatar Gaggawa don Yin aiki a ?  (Direct Access of Individuals to Human Rights International and National Tribunals), Marriott Hotel Springhill Suites, Montreal, Oktoba 24, 2002;
 Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Bar na Quebec, "The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms: For Whom and How Far? " (The Charter for Whom and Ta yaya?), Otal din Intercontinental, Afrilu 28-29, 2005;  
 Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Bar na Quebec, Samun dama ga Kotun Kare Kare Hakkin dan Adam ta Musamman: Bukatar Gaggawa don Yin aiki a cikin ? , Otal din Intercontinental, Nuwamba 22-23, 2007; 
 Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Bar na Quebec, "Race, mace, yaro, nakasa: Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa da dokar cikin gida a cikin hasken matsalolin da ake amfani da su na haƙƙin daidaito" (Race, Woman, Child, Disability: Yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa a cikin Ma'anar Ayyuka game da Hakkin Daidaitawa); Cibiyar Mont-Royal, Maris 25-26, 2010;
 Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Bar na Quebec, "Tribunal na haƙƙin mutum: shekaru 25 na gogewa a fannin daidaito" (Tribunal din haƙƙin ɗan adam: shekaru 25 da gogewa cikin al'amuran daidaito), Otal din Intercontinental, Montreal, Oktoba 23, 2015 . 

 Ranar cika shekaru 
A cikin shekara ta 2015, an nuna bikin cika shekaru 25 na Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Majalisar Dokokin Quebec, da kuma a cikin jaridu da jaridu da yawa, gami da Journal du Barreau .  An kuma shirya ayyuka daban-daban don bikin wannan ranar tunawa, wanda ya dace da bikin cika shekaru 40 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec:

 Afrilu 1, 2015: Mai girma Ann-Marie Jones ya ba da jawabi a lokacin Conseil général du Barreau;
 Yuni 11, 2015, Kotun ta gudanar da bita a Bar na Quebec's Annual Congress; 
 Satumba 10, 2015: Mai girma Ann-Marie Jones ya gabatar da jawabi a lokacin bikin Journée du Barreau . Bikin ya nuna sabuwar shekara ta shari'a ta 2015-2016; 
 Oktoba 23, 2015: Kotun, tare da haɗin gwiwar Bar na Quebec, ta shirya wani taro mai taken "Tribunal na haƙƙin mutum: shekaru 25 na gogewa a cikin daidaito" (Tribunal din 'Yancin Dan Adam: shekaru 25 da gogewa cikin Matsalar Daidaitawa).

A cikin 2020, Kotun ya kamata ta yi bikin cika shekaru 30 da haihuwa. Koyaya, an soke ayyukan da aka shirya don yin bikin wannan taron saboda annobar 2020.

 Halitta da matsayi 
Dangane da sashi na 101 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec, "Tribunal ɗin ya ƙunshi ba kasa da mambobi 7, gami da shugaban kasa da masu tantancewa, waɗanda Gwamnati ta nada. "  Sashe na 103 na Yarjejeniya ta Quebec ya bayyana cewa Gwamnati na iya sanya alƙalai na Kotun Quebec don zama a matsayin membobin Kotun.

Abubuwan da ke cikin Kotun sun haɗu, kamar yadda wasu daga cikin membobinta (alƙalai) wani ɓangare ne na tsarin shari'a yayin da wasu (masu tantancewa) ba lallai bane su zama membobin Bar ko lauyoyi. Kowane memba na Kotun, duk da haka, dole ne ya sami "ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa, mai hankali da sha'awar al'amuran haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci".

A halin yanzu, Kotun ta kunshi mambobi 17: Alƙalai 7 na Kotun Quebec, gami da Shugaban kasa, da masu tantancewa 10. Dukkanin masu tantancewa lauyoyi ne kuma mambobi ne na Bar, kodayake ba abin da ake buƙata ba ne.

Shari'o'in da aka gabatar a Kotun ana sauraron su ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar da ke kunshe da mambobi uku (alƙali da masu tantancewa biyu). Alƙali ne kawai ke sauraron aikace-aikacen farko ko na wucin gadi, sai dai ga wasu banbanci. Yarjejeniyar Quebec ta ƙayyade matsayi da iko daban-daban da aka danganta ga membobin Kotun, ko suna alƙali ko mai tantancewa.

 Matsayin Alƙalai 
Kodayake shari'o'in da aka gabatar a Kotun ana sauraron su ne ta hanyar ƙungiya mai mambobi uku, alƙali ne ke jagorantar sauraron. Sashe na 104 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec ya bayyana cewa alƙalai ne kawai waɗanda ke da ikon yanke shawara: su kaɗai ne ke yanke shawara kan aikace-aikacen, suna yanke shawara kan batutuwan da aka gabatar yayin aiwatar da su kuma suna sanya hannu kan hukuncin.

 Shugaban kasa 
Sashe na 101 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec ya bayyana cewa Gwamnati ce ta nada Shugaban Kotun, bayan tuntubar babban alƙali na Kotun Quebec, don sabuntawa biyar. Shugaban kasa shine kawai alƙali na cikakken lokaci na Kotun.

Sashe na 106 da 110 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec sun bayyana wasu ayyukan Shugaban kasa da alhakin. Shugaban kasa dole ne ya:

 Ƙara yarjejeniya tsakanin membobin game da ka'idojin kotun gaba ɗaya;
 Shirya aikin Kotun kuma rarraba shi tsakanin membobin;
 Ka tsara Dokar ɗabi'a  kuma ka tabbatar da cewa ana kiyaye shi;
 Amincewa, tare da taimakon mafi yawan mambobi, da ka'idojin  na tsarin da ya dace da Kotun.

 Alƙalai da aka zaba 
Ba kamar Shugaban kasa ba, tsawon wa'adin alƙalai da aka ambata a kotun ba a tsara shi ta Yarjejeniyar Quebec ba. Ana nada alƙalai da aka zaɓa, bisa ga buƙatar Shugaban kasa kuma bayan tuntuɓar babban alƙali na Kotun Quebec, na wani lokaci wanda za'a iya sabuntawa.

Alƙalai da aka zaɓa suna aiki na ɗan lokaci a Kotun. Tsakanin ayyuka, suna ci gaba da zama a Kotun Quebec, a cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka ba su.

 Matsayin Masu Bincike 
Ana nada masu tantancewa zuwa Kotun ta bin tsari  wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon majalisa na Gwamnatin Quebec kuma wanda yayi kama da tsarin zabar alƙalai na lardin.  Kamar yadda Sashe na 101 na Yarjejeniyar, ana nada masu tantancewa na tsawon shekaru biyar, mai sabuntawa, kuma wanda za'a iya tsawaita shi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.

A matsayin alƙalai, masu tantancewa suna da 'yanci kuma ba su da son kai. Koyaya, ba su da ikon yanke shawara. Sabili da haka, ayyukan shari'a na masu tantancewa a Kotun ba kai tsaye ba ne yayin da suke ba da taimako ga alƙalai.

Masu tantancewa cikakkun mambobi ne na Kotun; suna aiki ne a kan lokaci-lokaci, bisa ga aikin da Shugaban Kotun ya ba su. Masu tantancewa ba su da ikon keɓancewa kuma suna iya bin ayyukansu yayin aiki a Kotun.

 Ikon iko 
Kotun kotun ce ta musamman. Dokar da ta yi, Yarjejeniyar Quebec, ta tsara ikon Kotun, iko da kuma yadda aka kama shi.

 Ikon musamman 
Kotun tana sauraron shari'o'i a cikin batutuwan: 

 Nuna bambanci (sashi na 10 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec): Nuna bambanci kai tsaye, nuna bambanci kai na kai tsaye, rarrabewar tsarin da nuna bambanci;
 Cin zarafin nuna bambanci (sashi na 10.1 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec);
 Amfani da tsofaffi da / ko nakasassu (sashi na 48 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec); da
 Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Tabbatacce (sashi na 86 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec da Dokar da ke girmama daidaito ga aiki a cikin Hukumomin Jama'a ).

A cikin 2015, a cikin hukuncin Mouvement laïque québécois v Saguenay (City),  Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta amince da ikon musamman na Kotun.

Kotun, duk da haka, ba ta da iko na musamman: kotuna na yau da kullun (Kotu ta Quebec, Kotun Koli ta Quebec) da Kotunan gudanarwa na iya, daidai da ikon su na iko, sauraron shari'o'in da suka fada ƙarƙashin ikon Kotun. Bugu da kari, wasu kotuna na musamman, kamar su Tribunal administratif du Québec (TAQ)  da masu sasantawa na aiki  suna da iko na musamman wanda ke ba su damar bincika, a cikin hanyar da ta dace, takaddamar da ta dogara da Yarjejeniyar Quebec. A irin wannan shari'ar, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ba za a iya kwace karar ba.

 Samun damar shiga Kotun 
Hanyar da ke tabbatar da kariya ga 'Yancin Dan Adam, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar Quebec, ya ƙunshi matakai biyu:

 Tsarin korafi a Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Hakkin Matasa;Kwamitin 'Yancin Dan Adam da' Yancin Matasa;
 Tsarin shari'a a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam.

 Tsarin korafi 
Dangane da Yarjejeniyar Quebec, duk wanda ya yi imanin cewa an nuna masa wariya (a keta sashi na 10 na Yarjejeniyar Québec), cin zarafin nuna bambanci (a keta sashen 10.1 na Yarjejeniya ta Quebec) ko cin zarafi (a keta Sashe na 48 na Yarjejeniwar Quebec) na iya shigar da korafi tare da Hukumar haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin ƙuruciya. Wata kungiya da aka sadaukar don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci ko kuma jin daɗin ƙungiyar mutane, tare da yardar wanda ake zargi ko wanda aka azabtar.

Idan, bayan binciken hukumar,  Kwamishinonin sun amince da ƙuduri inda suka kammala cewa akwai isasshen shaida don tallafawa korafin, ana iya ba da shawarar matakan gyara.  Idan ba a girmama waɗannan matakan ba, Hukumar na iya wakiltar wanda ake zargi da shi a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam. Idan ba a girmama waɗannan matakan ba, Hukumar na iya wakiltar wanda ake zargi da azabtarwa a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam.

Idan Hukumar ta ki amincewa da korafin, saboda Hukumar ta dauki shi ba tare da tushe ba, wanda ake zargi da cutar ba zai iya shiga Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ba. Koyaya, yana iya, a kansa, ya shigar da karar a gaban kotun talakawa (Kotu ta Quebec ko Kotun Koli ta Quebec), daidai da ikon kotun.

 Farawa 
Ayyukan da ke gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam galibi ana fara su ne ta hanyar Hukumar Kare Hakkin Mutum da Hakkin Matasa. Kwamitin ya ɗauki kuɗin da ake kashewa, kuma ba tare da kuɗin da ake zargi da shi ba.

A cewar sashi na 84 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec, wanda ake zargi da / ko kungiyar da ta gabatar da korafin tare da kwamishinan a madadinsa, na iya fara aiki a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a kan kudin kansu. Koyaya, za su iya fara shari'a ne kawai a gaban Kotun a kan kansu idan hukumar, a ƙarshen bincikenta, ta yi la'akari da cewa duk da cewa akwai isasshen shaida don tallafawa korafin, hukumar duk da haka ba za ta wakilci mai shigar da kara a gaban Kotuna ba. Wanda ake zargi da / ko kungiyar da ke shigar da kara dole ne su fara shari'a a gaban Kotun cikin kwanaki 90 bayan sun sami sanarwar daga Hukumar game da shawarar rufe fayil ɗin.

 Ikon warkarwa 
Dan majalisa na Quebec ya ba da iko mai mahimmanci ga Kotun, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a sashe na 49 da 80 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec. Bisa ga sashi na 49 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec, Kotun na iya hukunta mai laifi don biyan lalacewar wanda aka azabtar (s) saboda kayan aiki da / ko nuna bambanci na ɗabi'a da aka sha wahala. Ya kamata a lura cewa, sabanin sauran dokokin yanzu game da 'Yancin Dan Adam, E.g.: Canadian Human Rights Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. H-6, online:  Yarjejeniyar Quebec ba ta sanya iyaka a kan adadin da Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam za ta iya bayarwa don lalacewa ba.

Sashe na 49 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec ya kuma tsara cewa Kotun na iya hukunta mai laifi zuwa ga lalacewar azabtarwa idan tsoma baki tare da haƙƙoƙi ko 'yanci na wanda aka azabtar da gangan ne.

Bugu da kari, kamar yadda sashe na 49 da 80 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec, Kotun na iya ba da umarni wanda zai kawo karshen keta haƙƙin wanda aka azabtar. Umurnin na iya haɗawa da tilastawa don shiga cikin wani aiki ko, akasin haka, haramtacciyar shiga cikin wani abu.

Ikon bayar da umarni, duk da haka, ba'a iyakance shi ba don kawo karshen keta haƙƙin wanda aka azabtar. A cikin hukuncin Bombardier,  Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta amince da ikon Kotun don bayar da umarni don amfanin jama'a.

Lura cewa lokacin da doka, ka'ida, umarni ko ka'idar Ƙungiyar jama'a shine tushen nuna bambanci, Kotun na iya bayyana cewa ba za a iya aiwatar da wannan yanayin ba dangane da bangarorin da suka shafi, watau bayyana cewa ba zai iya amfani da shi ba kawai game da wanda aka azabtar. Kotun, duk da haka, ba za ta iya bayyana yanayin ba daidai ba ko kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba, saboda ikon yin hakan ya fada ƙarƙashin ikon manyan kotuna.

 Tabbacin da tsari 
An kirkiro Kotun ne da manufar tabbatar da samun dama ga adalci da kara inganci a cikin tsarin yanke hukunci. Sabili da haka, ka'idojin shaidar da kuma tsarin da ya dace da Kotun suna da alaƙa da sassauci.

Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam tana sauraron shari'o'i a duk gundumomin shari'a, duk da cewa ofisoshin ta suna cikin Kotun Montreal.

 Tabbacin 
Babban shaidar ita ce ma'auni na shaidar da ta dace a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam; watau, Kotun dole ne ta gamsu cewa wani nau'in abubuwan da suka faru ya fi dacewa da gaskiya fiye da ba gaskiya ba.

Kotun gabaɗaya tana amfani da ka'idojin shaidar da aka bayar a cikin Dokar Jama'a ta Quebec .  Koyaya, sashi na 123 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec ya bayyana cewa "[t]ya Kotun, ko da yake an ɗaure shi da ka'idodin adalci, na iya yarda da duk wata hujja mai amfani da ta dace da aikace-aikacen da aka gabatar a gare ta kuma ta ba da damar duk wata hanyar hujja".

 Hanyar da ake ciki 
Yarjejeniyar Quebec da Dokar Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam sun tsara tsarin da ya dace da Kotun Kare Dan Adam.  Bugu da ƙari, sashi na 113 na Yarjejeniyar Quebec ya ƙayyade cewa Dokar Tsarin Jama'a  ta yi amfani da ita, an daidaita ta kamar yadda ake buƙata, idan babu takamaiman hanya a cikin Yarjejeniyar ko a cikin Dokar.

 Ayyuka 
Ana fara aiwatar da shari'a a gaban Kotun tare da shigar da aikace-aikacen don kafa shari'a, sannan kuma gabatar da bayanan mai shigar da kara wanda dole ne a shigar da shi cikin kwanaki 15 bayan shigar da aikace'aikacen don fara shari'a. Wanda ake tuhuma na iya gabatar da bayanansa a cikin kwanaki 30 bayan karɓar bayanan mai shigar da kara. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniyar Quebec, ba a tilasta wa wanda ake tuhuma yin rajista ba. Lokacin da aka karɓi hanyoyin ko a ranar ƙarewa don shigar da bayanan wanda ake tuhuma, ana saita ranar don shari'ar.

Don inganta damar yin adalci game da 'Yancin Dan Adam, Kotun ta samar da, a shafin yanar gizon ta, tsarin tsari da siffofi (don aikace-aikacen da kuma abubuwan da suka faru) da kuma jagororin da bayani ga waɗanda ke wakiltar kansu a gaban Kotun.

 Shigar da takardun tsari 
Ana shigar da aikace-aikacen a ofishin Kotun Quebec a cikin gundumar shari'a inda wanda ake tuhuma ke zaune ko kuma yana da babban wurin kasuwancin su. Dukkanin takardun tsari dole ne a shigar da su a wannan gundumar shari'a. Sai dai ga wasu banbanci, za a gudanar da sauraron a Kotun wannan gundumar.

 Hukunce-hukuncen Kotun da ke fafatawa 
Bayan shari'ar ko sauraron aikace-aikacen farko ko na tattaunawa, Kotun za ta yanke shawara a rubuce.

Hukunce-hukuncen karshe, watau wadanda suka kawo karshen shari'ar, za a iya daukaka kara a karkashin izinin daukaka kara daga Kotun daukaka kara.

Dangane da yanayin da aka tsara a sashi na 128 na Yarjejeniyar, yana yiwuwa a nemi Kotun ta sake duba ko soke shawarar da ta yanke, idan dai ba a aiwatar da shawarar ba ko kuma a daukaka kara. Kotun Koli na iya sake duba hukunce-hukuncen Kotun da suka shafi batutuwan iko kawai.

 Dubi kuma 

 Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam da' Yanci ta Quebec
 Dokar Jama'a ta Quebec
 Majalisar Dokokin Quebec
 Gil Rémillard
 Kwamitin 'Yancin Dan Adam da' Yancin Matasa
 Gwamnatin Quebec
 SPVM
 Cibiyar Mont-Royal
 Bar na Quebec
 Kotun Quebec
 Kotun daukaka kara ta Quebec
 Kotun Koli ta Quebec
 Kotun Montreal

 Manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Shafin hukuma na Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam
 Shafin yanar gizon Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Hakkin MatasaKwamitin 'Yancin Dan Adam da' Yancin Matasa
 Hukuncin Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam akan CanLII
 Educaloi: Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam - Gabatarwa
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba