Yankin birni

Yankin birane shine mazaunin ɗan adam tare da yawan jama'a da kuma ababen more rayuwa na gine-gine. Yankunan birane sun samo asali ne ta hanyar birane, kuma masu bincike sun rarraba su a matsayin birane, garuruwa, conurbations ko unguwanni. A cikin birane, kalmar "birni" ta bambanta da yankunan karkara kamar ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka; a cikin ilimin zamantakewar birane ko ilimin ɗan adam na birane, sau da yawa ya bambanta da yanayin halitta.

Ci gaban magabata na birane na zamani a lokacin juyin juya halin birane na karni na 4 KZ  ya haifar da kafa wayewa ɗan adam kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Tsarin birane na yau da kullun, wanda tare da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam kamar amfani da albarkatun kasa ya haifar da Tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli.

 Ci gaban tarihi na baya-bayan nan 
A cikin 1950, mutane miliyan 764 (ko kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na mutane biliyan 2.5 a duniya) suna zaune a cikin birane. A shekara ta 2009, yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane (3.42 biliyan) sun wuce yawan mutanen da suke zaune a yankunan karkara (3.41 biliyan), kuma tun daga wannan lokacin duniya ta zama birane fiye da karkara. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, ya kai biliyan 3.9 (ko kusan kashi 53 cikin 100 na mutane biliyan 7.3 a duniya) waɗanda ke zaune a cikin birane. Canjin ya haifar da haɗuwa da ƙaruwar yawan jama'a da ƙaruyar kashi na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da yawancin mutanen duniya suka zauna a cikin birni. A wannan lokacin babban kimantawa da aka lissafa har zuwa murabba'in kilomita miliyan 3.5 na ƙasa sun kasance birane, kimantawa daga 1% na yankin ƙasa na duniya.   A shekara ta 2014 akwai mutane biliyan 7.3 da ke zaune a duniya,  daga cikinsu yawan mutanen birane na duniya sun hada da biliyan 3.9. Sashen Jama'a na Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a wannan lokacin ya yi hasashen cewa yawan mutanen birane za su mamaye kashi 68% na yawan mutanen duniya nan da shekara ta 2050, tare da kashi 90% na wannan ci gaban da ke fitowa daga Afirka da Asiya.

 Gidajen birni 

Ana kirkirar yankunan birane kuma ana ci gaba da bunkasa su ta hanyar tsarin birni. Ana auna su don dalilai daban-daban, gami da nazarin yawan jama'a da Yaduwar birane. Ana samun yankunan birane a Amurka, Kanada, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Japan, Australia, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa inda yawan birane yake da yawa.

Ba kamar birni ba, yankin birni ya haɗa da ba kawai birni ba ne, har ma da Biranen tauraron dan adam tare da shiga tsakani na yankunan karkara wanda ke da alaƙa da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da Babban birni, yawanci ta hanyar haɗin aiki ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye, tare da babban birane shine kasuwar ma'aikata ta farko.

'anar "yanki na birni" kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kididdigar tattalin arziki bai kamata a rikita shi da manufar "yanki" da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin kidididdigar tsaro ta hanya ba. Wannan kalmar ta fara kirkirar ne daga masanin ilimin ƙasa Brian Manning. Tunanin karshe kuma an san shi da "Yankin da aka gina a cikin aminci na hanya". Dangane da ma'anar Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa, "An bayyana wuraren da aka gina a matsayin ƙasar da ba za a iya juyawa ba a cikin halayyar birni', ma'ana cewa suna da halayyar gari ko birni. Sun haɗa da yankunan da aka gina tare da mafi ƙarancin hekta 20 (200,000 m2;). Duk wani yanki [ya raba da] kasa da mita 200 [na sararin samaniya] suna da alaƙa don zama yanki guda ɗaya da aka gina.

Argentina da Japan ƙasashe ne inda yawan birane ya wuce 90% yayin da Australia, Brazil, Kanada, Chile, Mexico, da Amurka ƙasashe ne waɗanda yawan birane ke tsakanin 80% da 90%, kodayake a cikin jihar New Jersey ta Amurka, yawan birane yana da 100%.

 Manyan birane 
Akwai matakai biyu na matakin birni na yawan jama'a. Na farko, yawan jama'a, ya bayyana kashi na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane, kamar yadda kasar ta bayyana. Mataki na biyu, yawan birane, ya bayyana matsakaicin canjin girman yawan mutanen birane a cikin lokacin da aka ba su. Dangane da Urbanisation ta hanyar labarin mai zaman kansa, duniya gabaɗaya tana da kashi 56.2% na birane, tare da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙasashe da aka ruwaito sun fi kashi 80% na birane. An dauki bayanai daga Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka ta Tsakiya World Factbook kimantawa daga 2020. 

A cewar Demographia, waɗannan su ne manyan birane 200 a duniya ta yawan jama'a (kamar yadda ya kasance a 2023): 
+Yankin BirniKasar / YankinYawan jama'a1Tokyo-YokohamaJapan37,785,0002JakartaIndonesia35,386,0003DelhiIndiya31,190,0004Guangzhou-FoshanChina27,119,0005MumbaiIndiya25,189,0006ManilaPhilippines24,156,0007ShanghaiChina24,042,0008Seoul-IncheonKoriya ta Kudu23,225,0009AlkahiraMisira22,679,00010Birnin MexicoMexico21,905,00011KolkataIndiya21,747,00012São PauloBrazil21,486,00013Birnin New YorkAmurka21,396,00014KarachiPakistan20,249,00015DhakaBangladesh19,134,00016BangkokThailand18,884,00017BeijingChina18,883,00018MoscowRasha17,878,00019ShenzhenChina17,778,00020Buenos AiresArgentina15,748,00021Los AngelesAmurka15,587,00022Johannesburg-PretoriaAfirka ta Kudu15,551,00023BangaloreIndiya15,257,00024ChengduChina15,016,00025Birnin Ho Chi MinhVietnam14,953,00026Osaka-Kobe-KyotoJapan14,916,00027LegasNajeriya14,540,00028IstanbulTurkiyya14,441,00029LahorePakistan13,504,00030KinshasaJamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo13,493,00031TehranIran13,382,00032ChongqingChina12,653,00033Rio de JaneiroBrazil12,306,00034Xi'anChina12,211,00035ChennaiIndiya12,053,69736ParisFaransa11,108,00037ZhengzhouChina11,068,00038LuandaAngola10,914,00039LandanƘasar Ingila10,803,00040DongguanChina10,753,00041LimaPeru10,556,00042WuhanChina10,353,00043BogotaColombia10,252,00044TianjinChina10,047,00045HyderabadIndiya9,797,00046TaipeiTaiwan9,662,00047HangzhouChina9,618,00048NagoyaJapan9,439,00049Kuala LumpurMalaysia9,387,00050ChicagoAmurka8,954,00051NanjingChina8,507,00052RiyadhSaudi Arabia8,309,00053Shenyang-FushunChina8,044,00054AhmadabadIndiya8,006,00055Dar es SalaamTanzania7,965,00056Washington-BaltimoreAmurka7,853,00057Boston-ProvidenceGudanarwaAmurka7,429,00058OnitshaNajeriya7,205,00059BandungIndonesia7,203,00060Addis AbabaHabasha7,185,00061KhartoumSudan7,155,00062SantiagoChile7,099,00063Dallas-Fort WorthAmurka6,979,00064NairobiKenya6,929,00065San Francisco-San JoseAmurka6,844,00066TorontoKanada6,837,00067PuneIndiya6,819,00068MadridSpain6,798,00069Essen-DüsseldorfJamus6,769,00070QuanzhouChina6,743,00071HoustonAmurka6,703,00072BagadazaIraki6,624,00073SuratIndiya6,601,00074AmmanJordan6,563,00075SurabayaIndonesia6,556,00076Hong KongHong Kong SAR6,468,00077YangonMyanmar6,426,00078HanoiVietnam6,359,00079QingdaoChina6,291,00080MiamiAmurka6,139,00081SuzhouChina6,091,00082SingaporeSingapore5,926,00083FiladelfiaAmurka5,795,00084AccraGhana5,785,00085St. PetersburgRasha5,750,00086AtlantaAmurka5,702,00087AbidjanIvory Coast5,678,00088KabulAfghanistan5,566,00089IskandariyaMisira5,552,00090MilanItaliya5,471,00091JiddahSaudi Arabia5,408,00092AnkaraTurkiyya5,359,00093FaisalabadPakistan5,356,00094BarcelonaSpain5,317,00095XiamenChina5,253,00096Ƙananan HalittaBrazil5,242,00097TaiyuanChina5,067,00098ChangshaChina5,065,00099HefeiChina5,052,000100MashhadIran5,045,000101KunmingChina4,995,000102Rawalpindi-IslamabadPakistan4,954,000103DubaiHadaddiyar Daular Larabawa4,945,000104SydneyOstiraliya4,836,000105KumasiGhana4,794,000106MelbourneOstiraliya4,709,000107KampalaUganda4,679,000108MonterreyMexico4,674,000109KanoNajeriya4,670,000110LucknowIndiya4,661,000111YaoundeKamaru4,642,000112PhoenixAmurka4,617,000113Birnin Cape TownAfirka ta Kudu4,595,000114ÜrümqiChina4,548,000115WuxiChina4,524,000116CasablancaMaroko4,499,000117FuzhouChina4,487,000118GuadalajaraMexico4,401,000119IzmirTurkiyya4,367,251120JaipurIndiya4,360,000121KanpurIndiya4,350,000122Santo DomingoJamhuriyar Dominica4,345,000123BerlinJamus4,286,000124GuiyangChina4,269,000125DetroitAmurka4,258,000126NanchangChina4,240,000127MogadishuSomaliya4,219,000128ChangzhouChina4,206,000129ChittagongBangladesh4,204,000130DalianChina4,177,000131ZhongshanChina4,113,000132KuwaitKuwait4,066,000133JinanChina4,057,000134MedanIndonesia4,027,000135WenzhouChina4,024,000136SeattleAmurka4,001,000137TashkentUzbekistan3,935,000138ShijiazhuangChina3,871,000139HarbinChina3,869,000140RecifeBrazil3,866,000141BusanKoriya ta Kudu3,843,000142BamakoMali3,783,000143IndoreIndiya3,765,000144DoualaKamaru3,751,000145MontrealKanada3,750,000146IbadanNajeriya3,657,000147NaplesItaliya3,653,000148SanaYemen3,585,000149ColomboSri Lanka3,532,000150DakarSenegal3,510,000151Porto AlegreBrazil3,504,000152Mbuji-MayiJamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo3,493,000153NagpurIndiya3,493,000154AlgiersAljeriya3,462,000155DurbanAfirka ta Kudu3,452,000156Tashar jiragen ruwa ta HarcourtNajeriya3,429,000157Ginin GininBrazil3,415,000158BrasíliaBrazil3,406,000159ChangchunChina3,387,000160SalvadorBrazil3,344,000161PatnaIndiya3,331,000162AthensGirka3,309,000163NanningChina3,249,000164KathmanduNepal3,247,000165MedellinColombia3,242,000166RomaItaliya3,239,000167VaranasiIndiya3,229,000168GujranwalaPakistan3,218,000169Tampa-Petersburg,_Florida" id="mwBQo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. PetersburgAmurka3,203,000170LusakaZambia3,202,000171GuayaquilEcuador3,183,000172OuagadougouBurkina Faso3,181,000173DimashƙuSiriya3,155,000174San DiegoAmurka3,078,000175OrlandoAmurka3,075,000176KozhikodeIndiya3,049,000177Kogin Brisbane na ZinariyaGold CoastOstiraliya3,039,000178Rotterdam-HagueNetherlands3,027,000179Tel AvivIsra'ila3,006,000180BakuAzerbaijan3,002,000181KyivUkraine3,001,000182Ad-DammamSaudi Arabia2,994,000183LanzhouChina2,977,000184CharlotteAmurka2,879,000185CuritibaBrazil2,873,000186ClevelandAmurka2,871,000187Birnin BrazzavilleJamhuriyar Kongo2,860,000188AleppoSiriya2,859,000189ThiruvananthapuramIndiya2,851,000190LisbonPortugal2,832,000191Minneapolis-St. BulusAmurka2,796,000192YankinBrazil2,789,000193HyderabadPakistan2,789,000194MultanPakistan2,783,000195ConakryGuinea2,781,000196QuitoEcuador2,778,000197ZhangjiaggangChina2,770,000198Birnin GuatemalaGuatemala2,765,000199LubumbashiJamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo2,750,000200AgraIndiya2,737,000

 Ma'anar 
d="mwBeM">A yi ld="mwBeU">A'akad="mwBeQ">R da Tsarin Metric na Urban (UMS) wanda zai iya gyara matsalar,  tunda yana ba da damar lissafin iyakokin yankin birane da maki na tsakiya, kuma ana iya amfani da shi ta wannan hanyar ga duk mutanen da suka gabata, na yanzu da na gaba da rarraba aikin. Ya dogara ne akan lissafin filin vector da aka samu ta hanyar ɗauka cewa, a cikin sararin samaniya, duk mazauna da ayyukan suna yin amfani da karfi ɗaya mai kyau A da ƙarfin ƙyama R. Ƙarfin ƙarfin (A - R) da kowane mazaunin ko aiki ke yi ana ba da shi ta [1/ (1 + d) ] - [1/ ('β' + d/2) ], inda d = nesa kuma β shine kawai siginar.
+Yankin birniTsakanin da ƙarfin jan hankali = ƙarfin ƙin yardaDarajar β1Birnin tsakiyaKm 1062Taron jama'a20 km113Birni40 km214Birnin Patropolis80 km415Birnin Megalopolis160 km816Tsarin birnikilomita 3201617Tsarin biranekilomita 6403218Tsarin nahiyarKm 1,2806419Tsarin IntercontinentalKm 2,5601,28110Tsarin duniya5,120 km2,561
An yi amfani da UMS ga wasu shari'o'in Kanada tun 2018, amma bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin har yanzu sun dogara ne akan ma'anar ƙasa daban-daban da ke akwai, waɗanda ba su da bambanci.European countries  define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type land use, not allowing any gaps of typically more than , and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less-developed countries , in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span>]

 Asiya 

 Gabashin Asiya 
Tun daga shekara ta 2000, biranen kasar Sin sun fadada a matsakaicin kashi 10% a kowace shekara. An kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen birane na kasar Sin zai karu da mutane miliyan 292 nan da shekarar 2050,  lokacin da biranen za su sami jimillar yawan jama'a sama da biliyan daya.  Yawan birane na kasar ya karu daga 17.4% zuwa 46.6% tsakanin 1978 da 2009. Tsakanin Ma'aikatan ƙaura miliyan 150 zuwa 200 suna aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin manyan birane, suna komawa gida zuwa ƙauyuka lokaci-lokaci tare da kuɗin da suke samu.   

Kasar Sin tana da birane da yawa tare da mazauna miliyan ɗaya ko fiye da kowane ƙasa, gami da biranen duniya guda uku na Beijing, Hong Kong, da Shanghai; nan da 2025, ƙasar za ta kasance gida ga birane 221 tare da mazaana sama da miliyan ɗaya. Adadin da ke cikin teburin da ke ƙasa sun fito ne daga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2008, kuma ƙididdigat ne kawai na yawan mutanen birane a cikin iyakokin birni na gudanarwa; akwai matsayi daban-daban yayin la'akari da yawan jama'ar birni (wanda ya haɗa da yawan mutanen da ke kusa da yankunan karkara). Manyan "mutane masu iyo" na ma'aikatan ƙaura suna sa gudanar da ƙididdiga a cikin birane ya zama da wahala;  adadi da ke ƙasa sun haɗa da mazauna dogon lokaci kawai.


 Japan 
A Japan, an bayyana yankunan birane a matsayin yankunan da ke kusa da gundumomi masu yawa (DIDs) ta amfani da gundumomin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin raka'a tare da buƙatun yawan mazauna 4,000 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (10,000 / sq .

Seoul ita ce mafi girman birni a Koriya ta Kudu.A Bangladesh, akwai jimlar birane 532, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa kashi uku. Waɗannan su ne Bangladesh" id="mwBq8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of City Corporations of Bangladesh">Kamfanin Birni, Kamfanin Birni (Pourasova) da Garin Upazila. Daga cikin waɗannan birane, Dhaka ita ce birni mafi girma ta yawan jama'a da yanki, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 19.10. A Bangladesh, akwai jimlar kamfanoni 11 na birni da kamfanoni 329 na birni tare da Ƙananan garuruwa 203, wanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar Upazilas. Dangane da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2011, Bangladesh tana da yawan birane na 28%, tare da ci gaban 2.8%. A wannan ci gaban, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen birane na Bangladesh zai kai miliyan 79 ko 42% na yawan jama'a nan da shekara ta 2035.

Ga Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2011, ma'anar yankin birni wuri ne da ke da mafi ƙarancin yawan mutane 5,000 na yawan mutane 400 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (1,000 / sq  ko mafi girma, da kuma kashi 75% na yawan maza masu aiki da ke aiki a ayyukan da ba na noma ba. Wuraren da kamfanin birni ke gudanarwa, kwamitin cantonment ko kwamitin yankin gari da aka sanar ana ɗaukar su a matsayin yankunan birane ta atomatik.

Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2011 ta kuma bayyana kalmar "ƙungiyoyin birane" a matsayin yanki na birane wanda ya ƙunshi babban gari tare da "ƙasa" (birane masu kusa). Statistics New Zealand defines urban areas in New Zealand, which are independent of any administrative subdivisions and have no legal basis. There are four classes of urban area: major urban areas (population 100,000+), large urban areas (population 30,000–99,999), medium urban areas (population 10,000–29,999) and small urban areas (population 1,000–9,999). As of 2021, there are 7 major urban areas, 13 large urban areas, 22 medium urban areas and 136 small urban areas. Urban areas are reclassified after each New Zealand census, so population changes between censuses does not change an urban area's classification.

 Pakistan 
A Pakistan, yanki babban birni ne da kuma karamar hukuma idan yana da mazauna sama da 100,000 bisa ga sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a. Birane sun haɗa da Pakistan)" id="mwBuA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cantonments (Pakistan)">Yankunan da ke kusa. Birane a Pakistan ya karu tun lokacin samun 'yancin kai kuma yana da dalilai daban-daban. Yawancin mutanen kudancin Pakistan suna zaune a gefen Kogin Indus. Karachi ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a. A arewacin rabin kasar, yawancin jama'a suna zaune a cikin wani yanki da biranen Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan da Peshawar suka kafa. A cikin 1990-2008, mazaunan birni sun kasance kashi 36% na yawan mutanen Pakistan, suna mai da shi al'umma mafi yawan birane a Kudancin Asiya. Bugu da ƙari, kashi 50% na 'yan Pakistan suna zaune a garuruwan mutane 5,000 ko fiye. Karachi ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a Pakistan wanda Lahore ta biyo baya bisa ga Ƙididdigar 2017.

 Kudu maso gabashin Asiya 

 Philippines 
A cikin 2020, kashi 54 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen Philippines suna zaune a cikin birane. Tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 16.3, Metro Manila ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Philippines kuma Na 11 a duniya. Koyaya, mafi girman birni shine na 5 mafi girma a duniya tare da yawan mutane 20,654,307 (kimanin 2010). 

 Singapore 

A matsayin birni na tsibirin, kusan mutane miliyan 5.6 suna rayuwa kuma suna aiki a tsakanin murabba'in kilomita 700 (270 sq mi).  Tare da tsibirai 64 da tsibirai, tsibirin Singapore ya zama yanki mafi girma a cikin birni.  A cewar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai kula da yankin Asiya da tekun Pasifik, ƙasar ce ta fi kowacce yawan jama'a a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda kashi 100 na al'ummarta ke zaune a wani yanki na birni.  Hukumar raya birane (URA) ita ce ke da alhakin tsara yadda ake amfani da filaye a birane, wanda ya kebanta amfani da filaye da yawan biranen kasar[2].  An raba ƙasar zuwa yankuna 5 don dalilai na tsare-tsare ta URA, kodayake a matsayin birni na birni an ayyana Singapore a matsayin yanki mai ci gaba da ci gaba.  An kuma raba shi zuwa yankunan tsara birane 55, wanda ke aiki a matsayin iyakokin garuruwan da aka tsara a cikin kasar..

 Thailand 
Bangkok ita ce mafi girman birni a Thailand.

A Vietnam, akwai nau'ikan birane guda shida:

 Yankin birane na musamman (2 municipalities): Hanoi da Ho Chi Minh City.
 Yankin birane na nau'in I (birane 18 na lardin da kuma kananan hukumomi 3): Long Xuyên, Pleiku, My Tho, Londres Dầu, Bắc Ninh, Biên Hòa, Hai Dương, Thanh Hóa, Hạ Long, Việt Trì, Thái Nguyên, Nam Định, Vũng Tàu, Buôn Ma Thuột, Đà Lạt, Quy Nhơn, Nha Trang, Huế, Vinh, Cần Thơ, Đà Nẵng Hải Hai Phòng.
 Yankin birane Ka Mau'i na II (birane 21 na lardin da gundumar 1): Chau Đốc, Đồng Hoi, Uông Bí, Bắc Giang, Ninh Bình, Bạc Liéu, Bà Rịa, Thái Bình, Rạch Gita, Cà Mau, Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm, Tuy Hòa, Phan Thiết, Vĩnh Yên, Lào Cai Phú Quốc Cai.
 Yankin birane na nau'i na III (birane 31 na lardin da garuruwa 12).
 Yankin birane na nau'in IV (birane 35 da garuruwa 35).
 Yankin birane na nau'in V (ƙauyuka 586 da yankuna 54).

 Turai 

 Finland 
Greater Taipei is the largest urban area in Taiwan. 

Kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashen Nordic, wani yanki na birni (Finnish-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">taajama a cikin Finnish) a Finland dole ne ya sami gini aƙalla kowane    kuma aƙalla mutane 200. Don a dauke shi gari ko birni () don dalilai na kididdiga, yankuna birni dole ne ya sami akalla mutane 15,000. Wannan bai kamata a rikita shi da sunan birni / gari da kananan hukumomi ke amfani da shi ba.In France, an urban area (Fr: aire d'attraction d'une ville) is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (unité urbaine) – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (couronne). Americans would find the INSEE definition of the urban area to be similar to their metropolitan area.

Manyan birane a Faransa, dangane da yawan mutanen birane (2017), sune Paris (12,628,266), Lyon (2,323,221), Marseille (1,760,653), Toulouse (1,360,829), Bordeaux (1,247,977), Lille (1,191,117), Nice (1,006,201), Nantes (972,828), Strasbourg (790,087) da Rennes (733,320). 


 Jamus 
Jamus tana da manyan birane da yawa. Babban birni shine yankin Rhine-Ruhr (miliyan 11 a cik), gami da Düsseldorf (babban birnin Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia), Cologne, Bonn, Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, da Bochum. 
 Netherlands ita ce ƙasa Na 30 mafi yawan jama'a'a a duniya, tare da mazauna 404.6 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (1,048/sq  - ko mazauna 497 a kowace murab'in kilomita (1.287/sq . Randstad ita ce birni mafi girma a kasar da ke yammacin kasar kuma ta ƙunshi manyan birane huɗu: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, da Utrecht. Randstad tana da mazauna miliyan 7 kuma ita ce Na 6 mafi girma a Turai. 

 Norway 
Norway ta bayyana yankunan birane ("tettsteder") kamar sauran ƙasashen Nordic. Ba kamar a Denmark da Sweden ba, nisan tsakanin kowane gini dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 50 m, kodayake an yi banbanci saboda wuraren shakatawa, wuraren masana'antu, koguna, da makamantansu. Ƙungiyoyin gidaje ƙasa da 400 m daga babban jikin birni an haɗa su a cikin birni.

 Poland 
A Poland, alkaluman yawan jama'a na "birane" kawai suna nufin waɗannan yankuna waɗanda ke da matsayin garuruwa (miasta).  Al’ummar “karuyuka” ita ce ta dukkan yankunan da ke wajen iyakokin wadannan garuruwa.  Wannan bambance-bambance na iya ba da ra'ayi mai ɓarna a wasu lokuta, tunda wasu ƙananan yankuna waɗanda ke da matsayin ƙauye kawai na iya samun yawan jama'a da yawa fiye da da yawa ƙananan garuruwa[1] tare da mafi girman misali na Poznań, mafi yaɗuwar yankin biranen ƙasar tare da yawan jama'ar gari.  534 dubu da Metropolitan yankin kusa da 1 miliyan mazauna.  A gefe guda kuma, yankin birni na Katowice mai yawan manyan birane da matsakaita ya mamaye kilomita 1,468 kuma yana da sama da mutane miliyan 2.  Yankunan birni a Poland sune manyan yankuna na birni (misali Katowice metropolitan area, Łódź metropolitan area da Szczecin metropolitan area) kuma suna da tasiri sosai akan yankunan karkara, kamar yadda yake kusa da Lublin, Radom, Kielce, Tarnów da Białystok.. 


 Spain 
Spain ƙasa ce mai yawan birane. Madrid ita ce mafi girman birni. Yankin Kudancin da Gabas tare da Barcelona, Valencia da Málaga sun fi zama birane fiye da Arewa da Yamma.

Sweden" id="mwCCU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Urban areas in Sweden">Yankunan birane a Sweden (tätorter) yankuna ne da aka ƙayyade ta ƙididdiga, gaba ɗaya masu zaman kansu daga rarrabawar gudanarwa na ƙasar. Akwai irin waɗannan yankuna 1,956 a Sweden, tare da yawan jama'a daga mazauna 200 zuwa 1,372,000.a cikin 2013 Ofishin Ƙididdigar Ƙasa ta Ƙasar Ingila (ONS) ya buga 2011 Gina Wuraren Gina - Hanya da Jagoranci wanda ya bayyana ma'anarsa na Wurin Gina (BUA) a matsayin yanki na ginannen fili na akalla hectare 20 (0.077 sq mi), ya rabu da sauran ƙauyuka da aƙalla mita 6200.  Don ƙididdigar ƙidayar 2011 akwai gine-gine 5,493, wanda 501 an raba su zuwa yankunan Built-up Area sub-divisions (BUASD) wanda kuma akwai bayanai.  Kowane yanki da aka gina ana ba shi suna algorithmically, ta amfani da bayanan sunan wurin Ordnance Survey

ONS ta samar da sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a daga yankunan birane tun daga 1951, tun daga 1981 bisa ga girman ci gaban birane wanda ba za a iya juyawa ba wanda aka nuna akan taswirar Ordnance Survey. Ma'anar ita ce aƙalla hekta 20 da aƙalla mazauna ƙidayar 1,500. Yankunan da aka raba suna da alaƙa idan ƙasa da 200 m (220 yd) baya. An haɗa su da fasalulluka na sufuri. Burtaniya tana da yankuna biyar na birane tare da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan daya da kuma wasu sittin da tara tare da yawan mutane sama da dubu ɗari.

 Mexico 
Mexico tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda yawan birane ya kai aƙalla 80%. Birnin Mexico, babban birninta, shine mafi girman birni a kasar.

 Amurka 
Don ƙidayar 2000 da 2010, Ofishin ƙidayar jama'a ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan birane biyu: yankunan birni da gungun birane.  Kalmar yankin birni tana nufin yanki na birni mai mutane 50,000 ko fiye.  Yankunan birane da ke ƙasa da mutane 50,000 ana kiransu gungu na birni.  An fara keɓance yankunan birane a Amurka a cikin ƙidayar 1950, yayin da aka ƙara gungu na birane a ƙidayar 2000.  An cire banbance tsakanin yankunan birni da gungu na birni don ƙidayar 2020.. 

Yankunan birane sun kunshi manyan birane, tare da yankunan da ke kewaye da su waɗanda suka cika wasu ka'idojin yawa. Tunda yankunan birane sun hada da tubalan ƙidaya ba birane ba, ƙauyuka, ko kwatankwacin ƙauyuka ba, iyakokin yankunan birni na iya kunshe da yankuna na waɗannan rukunin siyasa. Yankunan birane sun bambanta da yankunan karkara: duk wani yanki da ba wani ɓangare na yankin birni ba ana ɗaukarsa karkara ne ta Ofishin Ƙididdigar Jama'a.

Babban birni a Amurka shine na Birnin New York da kewayenta. Birnin New York-Jersey City-Newark, NY-NJ birni yana da yawan mutane 19,426,449 tun daga shekarar 2020, yayin da babban birni yana le yawan mutane 20,140,470, kuma jimillar yankin yana da yawan jama'a 23,582,649. Yankunan birane guda biyar mafi girma a Amurka sune Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Houston, da Dallas. Kashi 80.0 na yawan jama'ar Amurka suna zaune a cikin iyakokin birni kamar yadda kididdigar 2020 ta kasance.

Ana amfani da manufar yankunan Birane kamar yadda hukumar kidayar jama'a ta Amurka ta ayyana a matsayin ma'auni mafi inganci na girman birni, tun da a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma fadin layukan da ke tsakanin iyakokin birni da yankin birni na wancan birni galibi ba iri daya bane.  Alal misali, birnin Greenville, South Carolina yana da yawan jama'a fiye da 68,000 da yawan jama'a na birni na kusan 400,000, yayin da Greensboro, North Carolina yana da yawan jama'a fiye da 285,000 da kuma yanki na birni na kusan 300,000 - ma'ana cewa Greenville shine ainihin "ya fi girma" don wasu dalilai, amma ba na gida ba, zabe, da dai sauransu.

A cikin kididdigar albarkatun albarkatun kasa na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka, an san yankunan birane a hukumance da yankunan da suka ci gaba ko yankunan birni da ginannun wurare.  Irin wadannan yankuna sun hada da birane, kauyukan kabilanci, da sauran gine-ginen da aka gina sama da hekta 10 (4), wuraren masana'antu, filin jirgin kasa, makabarta, filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, wuraren wasan golf, wuraren harbi, wuraren gudanar da hukumomi da na gwamnati, da makamantansu.  Kididdigar albarkatun kasa ta 1997 ta sanya sama da ac 98,000,000 (40,000,000 ha) a cikin wannan rukunin, karuwar 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) tun daga 1982.00 ha). 

The Australian Bureau of Statistics refers to urban areas as Urban Centres, which it generally defines as population clusters of 1,000 or more people. Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with more than 50% of the population residing in Australia's three biggest urban centres.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span>]

 Kudancin Amurka 

 Argentina 
Argentina tana da birane sosai. Yankunan birane goma mafi girma suna da rabin yawan jama'a, kuma kasa da ɗaya cikin goma suna zaune a yankunan karkara. Kimanin mutane miliyan 3 suna zaune a Birnin Buenos Aires kuma Babban Birnin Buenos Air ya kai kusan miliyan 15, yana mai da shi ɗayan manyan birane a duniya, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 18 duka.

Córdoba tana da kusan mutane miliyan 1.5 da ke zaune a cikin birane, yayin da Rosario, Mendoza da Tucumán suna da kusan mazauna miliyan 1.2 kowannensu  kuma La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta da Santa Fe  suna da akalla mutane 500,000 kowannensu.
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba

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