1978 Shirin California 7

California Shirin 7, ko Dokar Shari'ar Mutuwa, wani tsari ne na kuri'a da aka amince da shi a California ta hanyar jefa kuri'a a duk fadin jihar a ranar 7 ga watan  Nuwamba, shekara ta 1978. Shirin 7 ya kara hukuncin kisa na farko da kisan kai na biyu, ya fadada jerin yanayi na musamman da ke buƙatar hukuncin kisa ko ɗaurin rai da rai ba tare da yiwuwar sallamawa ba, kuma ya sake fasalin dokar da ke akwai game da ragewa ko kara tsanantawa.

 Tarihi 
Dan siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya John V. Briggs ya dauki lauya Donald J. Heller don tsara shawarar. Taken kuri'a na hukuma da taƙaitaccen ma'auni na kuri'a da Babban Lauyan California ya shirya ya karanta:

 Kisan kai. Hukuncin. Dokar Ƙaddamarwa.
 Canje-canje da fadada nau'ikan kisan kai na farko wanda za'a iya sanya hukuncin kisa ko tsare-tsare ba tare da yiwuwar sallama ba. Canje-canje mafi ƙarancin hukunci don kisan kai na farko daga rayuwa zuwa shekaru 25 zuwa rayuwa. Yana ƙara hukuncin kisa na biyu. Ya haramta wa masu kisan kai da aka yanke musu hukunci kafin yin aiki na shekaru 25 ko 15, dangane da bashi na lokaci mai kyau. A lokacin azabtarwa na shari'o'in da aka ba da izinin hukuncin kisa: yana ba da izini ga la'akari da duk hukuncin da ake tuhuma; yana buƙatar kotu ta gabatar da sabon juri idan juri na farko bai iya kaiwa ga yanke hukunci ɗaya game da hukunci ba. Tasirin kudi: Ƙaruwar gaba marar iyaka a farashin jihar. "

 Sakamakon zaben 

 Haka ne: 4,480,275 (71.1%)
 A'a: 1,818,357 (28.9%)

 Tasirin 
Tun daga lokacin da aka kafa dokar har zuwa ƙarshen shekara ta 2011, an aiwatar da hukuncin kisa sau 13 kuma an kashe dala biliyan 4 daga harajin jama'a, a cewar wani bincike da Farfesa Paula Mitchell daga Loyola Law School ta taimaka wajen wallafawa. Mitchell da Alƙalin Kotun Ƙara ta 9 ta Tarayya, Arthur Alarcón, sun kiyasta cewa jihar California tana kashe dala miliyan 184 a kowace shekara wajen biyan lauyoyi, mashawarta na musamman, da kuma tsare gidan yari mai tsaro ga waɗanda ke kan layin kisa da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar Kuri’ar Proposition 7. Ron Briggs, ɗan John Briggs, ya haɗu da Heller da wasu wajen neman soke Proposition 7, ciki har da Jeanne Woodford, tsohuwar shugabar gidan yari na San Quentin, da tsohon babban lauyan Los Angeles, Gil Garcetti. Muhimman hujjojin da ake bayarwa wajen neman sokewa sun ta'allaka ne kan tsadar kudin aiwatar da hukuncin da kuma batun da’a dangane da hukuncin kisa.

 References 

 Hadin waje 

 PDF of the November 7, 1978 ballot proposition voter guide
 Hastings California I&R database