Yanayin Comodoro Rivadavia

Comodoro Rivadavia (), often shortened to Comodoro (/ˌkɒməˈdɔːroʊ/ KOM-ə-DOR-oh), is a city in the Patagonian province of Chubut in southern Argentina, located on the San Jorge Gulf, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, at the foot of the Chenque Hill. Comodoro Rivadavia is the most important city of the San Jorge Basin, and is the largest city in Chubut as well as the largest city south of the southern 45th parallel.

Sau da yawa ana kiran birnin kawai a matsayin Commodore . Ya kasance a wani lokaci babban birnin yankin Comodoro Rivadavia, wanda ya wanzu daga 1943 zuwa 1955. Yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Chubut kafin da kuma bayan halittarsa, kuma birnin ya zama babban birnin Sashen Escalante. Tana da yawan mutane 137,061 a ƙidayar shekara ta  , kuma ta karu zuwa 182,631 ta ƙidayar 2010.  Comodoro Rivadavia cibiyar kasuwanci ce da sufuri ga yankin da ke kewaye, birni mafi girma na Chubut, kuma muhimmiyar wurin fitarwa ce ga babban gundumar man fetur ta Argentina. Jirgin mai mai nisan kilomita 1,770 yana isar da iskar gas daga Comodoro Rivadavia zuwa Buenos Aires.   

An kafa shi ta hanyar doka a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1901, a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa don ƙauyen Sarmiento, mazaunin farko shine Francisco Pietrobelli . Mazauna farko sun haɗa da Boers da suka tsere wa mulkin Birtaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma mazauna Welsh. An sanya sunan garin ne don girmama ministan sufuri Martín Rivadavia, mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban Kudancin Argentina. Ya kasance mai wadata tun 1907, lokacin da ma'aikatan hako da ke neman ruwa suka sami mai a zurfin mita 539.

Birnin shine gidan babban bangaren Jami'ar Patagonia ta San Juan Bosco . Cocinsa shine wurin zama na Bishop_of_Comodoro_Rivadavia" id="mwQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Comodoro Rivadavia">Diocese na Comodoro Rivadavia, wanda Bishop shine, tun 2005, Virginio Domingo Bressanelli . An sadaukar da Cathedral ga San Juan Bosco, babban coci guda ɗaya a duniya wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga wanda ya kafa Salesian Order. An kaddamar da shi a shekara ta 1979, kodayake an keɓe rufin kanta a shekara ta 1949.

Rada Tilly wani wurin shakatawa ne na rairayin bakin teku kuma yanzu yana da nisan kilomita 12 a kudancin Comodoro . Gidan Tarihi na Man Fetur na Kasa yana cikin unguwar Janar Mosconi mai nisan kilomita 3 a arewacin tsakiyar Comodoro Rivadavia. Kamfanin mai mallakar jihar YPF ne ya buɗe shi a shekarar 1987.  

Comodoro Rivadavia yana aiki ne daga Filin jirgin saman Janar Enrique Mosconi (Airport Code CRD / SAVC) tare da zirga-zirgar yau da kullun zuwa Buenos Aires da sauran biranen Patagonian, saboda shine babban cibiyar LADE.

 Tarihi 
Gaggawa don bayyana gajerun hanyoyi don jigilar kayayyaki daga Colonia Sarmiento da kawo su zuwa wannan ƙauyen ya haifar da buƙatar tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin San Jorge Gulf. Wannan wajibi ne ya sa aka kafa Comodoro Rivadavia, babban birnin man fetur a Argentina a yau. Gwamnan farko na Gobernación Nacional del Chubut shi ne Colonel Luis Jorge Fontana, wanda ya yi tafiya a duk tsawon da aka danganta ga Chubut yana umurni da ƙungiyar baƙi masu yawa na Welsh a cikin 1885. Mai binciken Amurka Junius Bird da masanin ilimin ƙasa na Finland Väinö Auer sun tabbatar da wanzuwar Mutanen Tehuelche, waɗanda suka zauna a yankin Rada Tilly kimanin shekaru 9000 da suka gabata. Uba Brea ne ya tabbatar da wannan bayanin, wanda wasu shekaru da suka gabata ya ba da gudummawa ga wannan ka'idar tare da gano kayan aiki da ragowar mutum kusa da Rada Tilly. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span>]

An san shi sosai cewa Tehuelche, wanda ya zo daga arewacin Patagonia a lokacin bazara mai zafi, ya kasance yana sansani inda Rada Tilly yake a yau. Mai ba da hanya na Ingila Robert FitzRoy shine na farko da ya ambaci wanzuwarsa a cikin ginshiƙi.
A ranar 10 ga Maris, 1889, Francisco Pietrobelli, tare da mutumin Tehuelche Sainajo da Marcelo Pereira, sun zo Rada Tilly bayan sigogi na FitzRoy don neman wurin ratayewa don kafa tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi inda jiragen ruwa masu zurfi zasu iya tsayawa don samar da Colonia Sarmiento mai tasowa.

Jirgin La Argentina, wanda Commodore Martín Rivadavia ya umarce shi, ya isa kusa da Dutsen Chenque a cikin wani aikin bincike kuma ya zauna a wani wuri mai suna Kilometro 5, Caleta Córdova ko Punta Borjas. Pietrobelli ya kammala gina ajiyar ajiya ta farko a ranar 26 ga Yuni a wurin da aka nuna shekaru da suka gabata ta hanyar akwati na Schinus. Commodore Rivadavia ya zama jirgin ruwa na farko na Argentina da ya kafa corvette a Rada Tilly a watan Maris na shekara ta 1891, yayin da yake sake binciken yankin don sarrafa motsi na Sojojin Chile a kudancin Argentina. An sanya sunan ƙauyen ne bayan jirgin ruwa na Mutanen Espanya Francisco Everardo Tilly y Paredes, wanda a lokacin 1794 da 1795 ya yi yaƙi kuma ya ci sojojin Portugal a Rio Plata .

An sake sunan ƙauyen Comodoro Rivadavia a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1901 ta hanyar dokar gwamnatin ƙasa, don girmamawa ga fitaccen jirgin ruwa, jikan babban ɗan siyasa kuma shugaban Argentina na farko, Bernardino Rivadavia .

A cikin 1903 iyalai Afrikaner ɗari shida sun isa Argentina bayan asarar Yaƙin Boer na Biyu kuma an ba su ƙasar noma a ƙasashen da ke kusa da Comodoro Rivadavia . Koyaya, saboda karancin ruwa, dole ne su kawo ruwa ta hanyar keken shanu tare da rashin shi babban cikas ga ci gaban sulhu. A kan dagewar Afrikaners an fara hakowa a cikin 1907 a kokarin neman ruwa amma a maimakon haka sun buga mai. Kodayake an gano yawancin man fetur a ƙasar da aka ba mazauna Afrikaans, ba za su iya amfana kai tsaye daga binciken ba saboda dokar Argentina wacce ta ba da umarnin cewa duk ma'adanai na jihar ne. Saboda haka, yawancin mazaunan Afrikaans na garin sun koma Sarmiento da yankunan da ke kewaye da su don kafa gonaki a can.

Binciken mai a cikin 1907 ya bunkasa ci gaban tattalin arziki a Comodoro Rivadavia. A ƙarshen 1919, an ba da mafi yawan ma'aikatan 1719 masauki a cikin ƙananan gidajen ƙarfe ba tare da wani dumama ko hasken lantarki ba tare da yanayin zafi a ƙasa da sifili da iskõki kusa da 100 km / h. Kafa Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) a cikin 1922 ya haifar da ci gaban garin, wanda ya kara hanzarta a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ta yakin neman man fetur na Shugaba Arturo Frondizi don inganta shigar da kamfanonin kasashen waje da yawa. Birnin ya samo asali ne a kusa da wannan masana'antar, har ma a yau lokacin da wannan yanayin ya canza sosai, har yanzu ana kiransa "Babban Birnin Man Fetur na Kasa". 

An kafa ƙauyen rairayin bakin teku Rada Tilly a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1948, kuma a yau muhimmiyar cibiya ce ta yawon bude ido a Argentina. Samar da man fetur ya fara raguwa da yawa amma yankin yana mai da hankali ga ikon iska. Windmills a kan Cerro Chenque da tsaunuka da ke kewaye sun hada da gonar iska mafi girma a Kudancin Amurka kuma suna samar da kashi 20% na bukatun makamashi na Comodoro.

 Yanayi 
Comodoro Rivadavia yana da Yanayin sanyi na hamada (BSk) bisa ga Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen, kuma yana da yanayin subtropical - duk 12 na wata yana nufin >6 ° C kamar yadda John Griffiths ya ce - kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi kudancin duniya don samun ɗaya. Duk da yake birnin yana karɓar sama da 250 mm na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, ƙarancin evapotranspiration yana sa ya faɗi a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayi, sabanin rukunin busassun (yamada). Lokacin bazara yana da dumi zuwa zafi kuma ya bushe tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na  ° C (67.5 ° F) a watan Janairu. Lokacin hunturu yana da sauƙi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na  ° C (44.2 ° F) a watan Yuli. Ruwan sama yana da ƙanƙanta, kodayake watanni na hunturu suna samun ruwan sama fiye da lokacin rani. 

 Yawan jama'a 
Comodoro Rivadavia yana da yawan mazaunan 182,631 a cikin 2010, idan aka kwatanta da 135,632 a 2001 da 124,104 a 1991. Garin ya girma da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku tsakanin 2001 da 2010, idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar 9.2% na ƙasa tsakanin 1901% tsakanin 1901%. lokaci, wakiltar wani sanannen haɓaka haɓakar yawan jama'a ga birni idan aka kwatanta da Argentina.] Girman birni ya sanya Comodoro Rivadavia a matsayin birni na 20 mafi girma na ƙasar kuma mafi girma a Kudancin Patagonia, wanda ya tashi daga Chubut zuwa Tierra del Fuego.

 Yankunan birane 
Comodoro Rivadavia ita ce birni mafi girma a kudancin Kogin Colorado . Birnin ya bunkasa daga sansanonin mai wanda ya samo asali zuwa unguwanni.

Birnin ya kasu kashi uku: Yankin Arewa, Yankin Kudu da Yankin Downtown.

Yankin Kudu shine mafi yawan jama'a a cikin birni. Mazaunanta su ne: Jorge Newbery, San Martin, 1311 Viviendas, Cerro Solo, Ñaco, San Cayetano, Francisco Pietrobelli, Las Flores, La Floresta, Máximo Abasolo, Moure, Cordón Forestal, Quirno Costa, Maestro 9, Juli, Juli,  1999 Rod, La Floresta. Juan Manuel de Pueyrredon, Oktoba 30, LU4, Abel Amaya, Masana'antu, Stella Maris, Ceferino Namuncurá, Jose Fuchs, Balcón del Paraiso, Covipex, Rincón del Diablo, 311 Viviendas da Humberto Beghin.

Yankin Downtown ya kasu kashi biyu: Cibiyar, Loma da unguwar Civico. 

 Kilomita na 3
 4th Kilometre, gidan Jami'ar Kasa ta Patagonia San Juan Bosco.
 Kilomita na 5.
 6th Kilometre, gidan Janar Enrique Mosconi International Airport) da Petroleros Privados.
 Kilomita na 8.


 Tattalin Arziki 

 Masana'antu da kasuwanci 
Ayyukan kasuwanci da masana'antu na birnin sune mafi mahimmanci a yankin. Babban ayyukan birni sune: samar da kayayyakin sunadarai, kayan kwalliya, gishiri, ƙirar gidajen masana'antu, tashar jiragen ruwa, kayayyakin ƙarfe, samfuran firiji, masana'antun masana'antu.

 Masana'antar mai 
An fara samar da mai a Chubut a cikin 1907, lokacin da wani ma'aikatar hakowa wanda ke neman ruwa ya gano mai a maimakon haka. Masana'antar mai ta Argentina ta fara ne a Comodoro Rivadavia, kuma Dokar Ma'adinai ta Kasa ta 1886 (Codigo de Mineria de la Nación) ta sauƙaƙe ta. Wannan lambar ta tabbatar da cewa filayen mai na Jiha ne, kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na iya amfani da su ta hanyar izini.

A cikin 1922 YPF (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales), kamfanin mai na farko a duniya, gwamnatin Shugaba Hipólito Yrigoyen ce ta kirkireshi. Wannan kamfani ya taimaka wa al'umma ta hanyar inganta gina gidaje, samar da sabbin ayyuka da kiwon lafiya. Injiniya Enrique Mosconi ne ke kula da gudanar da kamfanin. A shekara ta 1933, an tono rijiyoyi 1,648 a Comodoro Rivadavia; 88.9% daga cikinsu suna da fa'ida ta tattalin arziki.
A cikin 1935 an zartar da Dokar Man Fetur ta Farko. Ya tabbatar da cewa Jihohin Kasa da na larduna za su karɓi gudummawa kashi 12% na Gross Product daga duk man fetur, wanda har yanzu yana aiki.

A shekara ta 1958, Shugaba Arturo Frondizi ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Lamba 14,773, wanda ya kafa cewa Gwamnati tana da mallakar mallakar mallakarsa ta musamman a kan dukkan filayen mai.

Mafi mahimman filayen mai da aka gano a cikin shekarun 60 sune El Huemul da Piedra Clavada . A farkon wannan shekaru goma an tono rijiyoyi ashirin.

Tsakanin 1977 da 1986, an tono man fetur na m3 miliyan 100 daga gulf na San Jorge, a halin yanzu tanadin mai ya kai m3 miliyan 403; a cikin 1979 samar da gulf na san Jorge ya kai 10,124,022 m3 na mai.

Har zuwa shekara ta 2001, an tono rijiyoyi 5,3, daga cikinsu 3,000 suna da fa'ida ta tattalin arziki. A sakamakon ayyukan bincike da aka haɓaka a cikin karni, sauran ajiyar sun kai miliyan 182.017 na mai. San Jorge gulf shine jagora a cikin hakar mai. Ana fitar da m3 46,000 a kowace rana a cikin yankin, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 46% na jimlar samar da mai a cikin ƙasar.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Comodoro Rivadavia tana cikin kudancin Argentina a lardin Chubut, a bakin tekun San Jorge Gulf .

Ya zama dole a kirkiro tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin San Jorge Gulf don samun gajerun hanyoyi don jigilar kayayyaki daga da zuwa garin Sarmiento, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 180 daga garin Comodoro Rivadavia. 

 Tushen da tarihi 
Tun daga 1908, karamin tashar jiragen ruwa mai rauni Maciel ta karbi fasinjoji da kayayyaki da suka isa garin Comodoro Rivadavia. An gina shi da itace kuma kawai zai iya tallafawa kananan jiragen ruwa. A cikin 1923, an fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa. A shekara ta 1926 an dakatar da ginin, amma a shekara ta 1928 an sake dawo da shi.

 Gidajen 
Filin jirgin ruwa yana da wuraren masana'antu iri-iri guda biyu masu tsayin mita 70 da faɗin mita 4. Wannan yana ba da damar gyarawa da gina jiragen ruwa a cikin rufin rufi ba tare da yanayin da ya shafi aikin ba. Filin jirgin ruwa yana da cranes masu tafiya guda uku na ton 8 kowanne. Ayyukan da aka yi a tashar jirgin ruwa sun haɗa da ginin hasumiya mai niƙa da kuma buoy ɗin mai.

Gidajen tashar jiragen ruwa sun hada da:

 Babban tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kusa da tsakiyar gari. Matsayinta mai tsananin da ake kira Punta Borja, an tsara shi don karɓar jiragen ruwa har zuwa tsawon mita 181 da zurfin mita 10. Tashar jiragen ruwa tana da tashar jiragen ruwa mai tsawon mita 216, wanda aka gina don biyan bukatun jigilar kayayyaki, kamun kifi mai zurfi da gyaran jiragen ruwa.


 Samar da siminti 
Har ila yau, garin yana da masana'anta da ke samar da kankare, dukiyar Petroquimica Comodoro Rivadavia SA. Yana samar da nau'ikan kankare daban-daban: Standard Portland, Puzolanic, BCA, ARI, kankare na Caltex, kankare don masana'antar mai. Jimlar samar da kankare na shekara ta 2002 ya kai tan 228,000.

 Ikon iska 
Gidan gonar iska na Comodoro Rivadavia yana da ƙarfin 18,820 kW tare da janareto 26, kuma shine mafi mahimmanci a Latin Amurka. Akwai shirye-shirye don haɗa shi da makamashi na ƙasa, wanda zai iya ba da damar sayar da makamashe ga wasu yankuna. 

 Wasanni 
Wasanni mafi muhimmanci a birnin Comodoro Rivadavia sune kwando, kwallon kafa da tseren mota, da sauransu kamar su jirgin ruwa, judo, rugby da wasanni.

Comodoro Rivadavia ita ce gidan kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Gimnasia y Esgrima (Comodoro Rivadabia). Sauran kungiyoyin kwallon kwando na gida sune Nautico da Federacion Deportiva .
Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi shahara sune CAI (Comisión de Actividades Infantiles), Huracán, wanda ke taka leda a Gasar Argentina "B" da Club Atlético Jorge Newbery .

Comodoro Rivadavia kuma tana da gasar kwallon kafa inda kungiyoyi da yawa ke shiga; manyan kungiyoyi sune Jorge Newbery, Huracán da Petroquímica . Akwai wasu kungiyoyi kamar su Tiro Federal, Universitario, Ferroviario, Usma, Tiro Federal da Portugues, waɗanda ke cikin First A League na Comodoro Rivadavia.
Rukuni:Biranen Argentina
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba