Yankin Mbeya

Yankin Mbeya (Mkoa wa Mbeya a cikin Swahili) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na gudanarwa na Tanzaniya.  Yankin ya ƙunshi fili mai faɗin 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi).  Yankin yana kwatankwacin girman girmansa da hadewar yankin kasa na kasar Guinea Bissau.  Yankin Mbeya yana iyaka da gabas da yankin Singida da yankin Iringa da kuma yankin Njombe.  Yankin yana iyaka da kudanci da Malawi da tafkin Nyasa.  Zuwa arewa yankin yana iyaka da kudancin yankin Tabora.  A ƙarshe, Mbeya yana iyaka da yamma ta Yankin Songwe.  Babban birnin yankin shine birnin Mbeya.  Dangane da ƙidayar ƙasa ta 2022, yankin yana da yawan jama'a 2,343,754  43,754.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Yankin Mbeya yana tsakanin latitudes 7 digiri da 9 digiri 31' kudu da ma'auni kuma tsakanin longitudes 32 digiri da 35 digiri gabashin Greenwich a yankin Southern Highlands na Tanzania. Jamhuriyar Malawi tana da iyaka da Yankin Mbeya a kudu, Yankin Songwe a yamma, Yankin Singida da Tabora a arewa, da Yankin Iringa da Njombe a gabas. Kasumulu a cikin Gundumar Kyela yana aiki ne a matsayin shigarwa ta farko da / ko fita zuwa Jamhuriyar Malawi, wacce ƙasa ce makwabciya.

Babban kwarin Rift ya haifar da mafi yawan wurare a yankin, tare da tsaunuka masu ƙasƙanci da ke zaune a Yammacin Yammacin Rift Zone, wanda ya haɗa da yankunan Lake Rukwa da Lake Nyasa, da Yankin Rift na Gabas, wanda ya hada da Usangu Plains da sauran sassan Ruaha Trough. Tsawon ya kasance daga mita 475 (1,558  sama da matakin teku a Tafkin Nyasa zuwa fiye da mita 2,900 (9,500  a taron koli na Dutsen Rungwe. : 14-15 

 Ilimin ruwa 
Ruha / Rufiji Basin a gabas, da Lake Rukwa Basin a arewa maso yamma, da Lake Nyasa Basin a kudu sune koguna uku da suka hada da yankin Mbeya. Tsarin runoff na ƙasa da rarraba Ruwan sama na unimodal sun dace da juna. Yankin kudancin kudancin Tanzania suna aiki ne a matsayin ruwa mai rarraba ruwa don tsarin ruwa na farko na yankin. Babban Ruaha, Zira, Songwe, Kiwira, Lufilyo, da Mbaka wasu daga cikin manyan koguna ne a yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin shiga Tekun Indiya, Babban Kogin Ruaha yana samuwa daga Kimani, Chimala, Igurusi, da sauran masu ba da gudummawa. Koguna Kiwira, Lufilyo, da Mbaka suna gudana a kudu zuwa Tafkin Nyasa, yayin da koguna Zira da Songwe ke samar da ruwa a cikin Tafkin Rukwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span>]

Mbeya's surface area is , or about 4 percent of Tanzania's total . The region's entire surface area is made up of  of water and  of dry land. The smallest land areas belong to Mbeya City Council () and Busokelo District Council ().

 Yanayi 
Yankin Mbeya yana da yanayi mai zafi, tare da Yanayin zafi na  ° C (77 ° F) da yanayin zafi mai tsawo na  ° C (61 ° F). Lokacin ruwan sama yana faruwa daga Oktoba zuwa Mayu. Filayen Usangu da Chunya suna karɓar 650 millimeters (26 in) na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, yayin da duwatsun Majalisar Gundumar Rungwe da iyakar arewacin Tafkin Nyasa suna karɓar   in). Yuni zuwa Satumba sune watanni masu sanyi da bushe a yankin. Ƙasa da nau'ikan ciyayi a yankin suna nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci. Yawancin ƙasar noma ta yankin tana da ƙasa tare da matsakaici, matsakaiciyar haihuwa, kuma tana da yawa daga yashi zuwa ƙasa mai laushi zuwa yashi mai laushi. Yawancin yankin an rufe shi da gandun daji na Miombo, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara daga 800 zuwa 1,200  in). Yankunan da ba su da ruwan sama, musamman a arewacin yankin, suna ƙarfafa ci gaban bishiyoyi masu ƙaya da kuma gandun daji. : 14-15 

 Ilimin ƙasa 
An sanar da shi a watan Fabrairun 2012 cewa dutsen mai fitattun wuta kusan kilomita 200 (120  a arewacin Mbeya, Dutsen Ngualla, yana dauke da ɗayan mafi girman ajiyar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙasa a duniya.

 Tattalin Arziki 

 Aikin noma 
Aikin noma (amfanin gona da shanu), albarkatun kasa (kurmi, kifi, namun daji, da ma'adanai), yawon bude ido, da ci gaban masana'antu sune mahimman bangarorin samar da yankin Mbeya waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin manyan injuna na tattalin arzikin yankin. Ayyukan tattalin arziki na yankin Mbeya sun mamaye aikin gona, wanda ke daukar ma'aikata kusan 80% na yawan ma'aikata a yankin kuma ya kai kusan 40% na tattalin arzikin yankin. Aikin noma ya kunshi da farko aikin gona na manoma, tare da iyakantaccen adadin samar da shinkafa a Gundumar Mbarali da shayi a Gunduma ta Rungwe. : 20,45-51 : 20,45-51 

Yankin Mbeya na Tanzaniya ya shahara wajen samar da kayan amfanin gona iri-iri da suka hada da masara, paddy, dawa, wake, zagaye dankali, dankali mai dadi, rogo, ayaba, gyada, simsim, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan marmari.  Daga 2017 zuwa 2019, mafi yawan masu samar da abinci shine Majalisar Rungwe, Mbeya, da Mbarali, tare da samar da tan 1,144,346.4 a shekara (37.2%) (Majalisar Gundumar Rungwe), tan 530,064.8 (17.2%), da 490,644.  Majalisa).  Babban amfanin gona na Mbeya shine dankali, wanda ke samar da tan 925,266.9.  Masara ta zo na biyu da 669,079.8, sai kuma ayaba plantains (ton 541,493.0), paddy (ton 396,044.8), rogo (ton 231,853.4), da dankali mai dadi (tan 170,906.8).  Wake, alkama, dawa, waken saniya, da kuma koko wasu karin amfanin gona ne da ake nomawa a shekara kasa da tan 100,000. : 15-19 : 15-19 

Kofi, shayi, taba, pyrethrum, alkama, sunflower, kayan yaji, koko, da dabino na mai sune manyan amfanin gona da ake nomawa a yankin. Manoma masu karamin manoma sune manyan masu samar da wadannan amfanin gona. Gundumomin Rungwe da Busokelo sune inda ake shuka shayi, kofi, da kayan yaji. A cikin Gundumar Mbeya, ana samar da pyrethrum da alkama; a cikin gundumomin Kyela, Rungwe, da Busokelo, ana dasa koko da dabino mai. Sunflower yana girma a cikin Gundumar Mbarali da Chunya, yayin da taba ya fi girma a Gundumar Chunya. : 45-51 : 45-51 

 Masana'antu 
Ƙananan masana'antu da kasuwancin da ke da tushe a cikin gandun daji sun kasance mafi yawan masana'antun yankin Mbeya. Ƙananan kamfanoni 3,540 suna aiki a yankin a cikin 2016, tare da ƙarin kasuwancin da ke cikin niƙa (39.5%), masassaƙa (26.8%), sarrafa katako (11.5%), da walda (9.0%). Mutane 6,800 ne suka yi aiki da su gaba ɗaya. Kasuwanci 13 masu matsakaici suna aiki a yankin a wannan lokacin, tare da Mbeya City wanda ke da kashi 61.5 cikin dari na duk kasuwancin da ke cikin wannan rukuni. Babu manyan masana'antu da yawa, amma wadanda suka wanzu sun hada da wadanda ke yin siminti, giya, sarrafa shayi, yin abin sha mai laushi, da samar da dutse da marmara. Majalisar Birnin Mbeya ita ce inda yawancin masana'antu suke, sannan Majalisar Gundumar Rungwe ta biyo baya. : 29 : 29 

Bambancin ma'adinai yana da yawa a yankin Mbeya.  Yawancin ma'adanai da ke yankin har yanzu ba a yi amfani da su ba kuma a halin yanzu ana hakowa daga kananan kamfanoni masu amfani da fasahar fasaha.  Zinariya, gawayi, yashi, duwatsu, morum, da ma'adinan masana'antu da suka hada da marmara, dutsen farar ƙasa, tama da ƙarfe, da phosphates na daga cikin nau'ikan ma'adanai da ake iya samu a yankin.  Bugu da ƙari, Majalisar gundumar Mbeya, Gundumar Rungwe, da gundumar Mbarali suma suna da mahimmin tanadin marmara (Chalihumbi & Lugelele).  Ana iya gano manyan wuraren ajiyar zinare a fadin Chunya, Mbarali (Mabadaga), da Kyela (Mwalisi & Luvalisi)..  : 84-87 : 84-87 

 Dabbobi da wuraren ajiya 
Ana iya samun namun daji iri-iri a yankin Mbeya. Yankin yana da wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda biyu (Ruaha da Kitulo) da kuma wuraren ajiyar wasanni guda huɗu wato; Mpanga Kipengere, Usungu, Rukwati Piti Game Reserve da Mount Rungwe Game Reserve. Yankunan budewa na halitta ciki har da Rungwa Mzombe da Rungwa ta Kudu, da kuma yankuna masu ƙuntataccen wasa. : 25-28 : 25-28 

 Yawan jama'a 
Ƙabilun asalin tarihi na yankin Mbeya sun fito ne daga asalin Bantu, kuma ana tunanin sun zauna a can na dogon lokaci. Su ne Sangu, Safwa, Nyakyusa, Ndali, Kinga, Wanji, Lambya, Nyiha, Wungu, Kimbu & Rungwa. Maasai da Sukuma yanzu suna zaune a cikin Gundumar Chunya da Mbeya sakamakon yunkurin yunkurin kabilun tsakanin 1970 da 1990. A cikin birane kamar Municipality na Mbeya da Cibiyoyin Gundumar, yawan kabilun da suka bambanta ya zama ruwan dare.

 Canjin yawan jama'a bayan samun 'yancin kai 
Daga 776,373 a cikin ƙidayar 1967 zuwa 1,080,241 a ƙidayar 1978, yawan mutanen yankin Mbeya ya ƙaru da saurin 3.3% a kowace shekara, sabanin matsakaita na 3.4% a kowace shekara yayin ƙidayar yawan jama'ar 1957 da 1967.  Ya zuwa lokacin ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 1988, akwai mutane 1,476,199 a ƙasar.  Wannan ya sanya Mbeya ya zama yanki mafi yawan jama'a a Tanzaniya bayan Shinyanga da Mwanza, wanda ke da kusan kashi 6% na yawan al'ummar ƙasar a babban yankin.  Saboda haka Mbeya yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da ke da saurin haɓaka yawan jama'a.  Yawan karuwar jama'a ya kai kashi 3.1 bisa 100, bisa ga kidayar jama'a a shekarar 1988. Dangane da karuwar kashi 3.1 a kowace shekara daga 1978 zuwa 1988, an yi hasashen yawan al'ummar yankin zai zama mutane miliyan 2.2 a shekara ta 2000.

Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutane 2,707,410, wanda ya kasance ƙasa da ƙididdiga ta gaba na 2,822,396. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002-2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma mafi girma a kasar. : shafi na 4 An kuma ɗaure shi a yankin na goma sha takwas mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 45 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. : shafi na 6

 Rarrabawar gudanarwa 
A cikin 2016, garin Tunduma da gundumomin Ileje, Mbozi, Momba da Songwe (wanda aka kirkira daga yammacin yankin Chunya ) sun rabu da yankin Mbeya don ƙirƙirar Yankin Songwe. Yankin Mbeya yanzu yana da iyaka zuwa arewa maso yammacin Yankin Tabora, zuwa arewa maso gabas da Yankin Singida, zuwa gabas da Yankin Iringa, zuwa kudu da Yankin Songwe da Malawi, kuma zuwa yamma da YankinSongwe. Kafin kirkirar yankin Songwe, yankin Mbeya ya rufe yanki na  kilomita 62,420 (24,100 sq .  Yanzu ya rufe yanki na  kilomita 35,954 (13,882 sq .

 Gundumomi 

 2012 
A cikin shekara ta 2012, an raba yankin Mbeya zuwa gundumomi takwas:
Gundumomin yankin Mbeya a cikin 2012TaswirarGundumarYawan jama'a (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2012) 300x300pxGundumar Chunya290,478Gundumar Ileje124,451Gundumar Kyela221,490Gundumar Mbarali300,517Gundumar Mbeya690,598Gundumar Mbozi446,339Gundumar Momba294,380Gundumar Rungwe339,157Jimillar2,707,410
Bayan sake tsarawa na 2016, Yankin Mbeya yanzu ya ƙunshi gundumomi bakwai: "Welcome to Mbeya Region". 
Gundumomi na Yankin Mbeya a cikin 2016TaswirarGundumarYawan jama'a (2022 Census) 300x300pxGundumar Busokelo100,123Gundumar Chunya344,471Gundumar Kyela266,426Gundumar Mbarali446,336Gundumar Mbeya541,603Birnin Mbeya371,259Gundumar Rungwe273,536Jimillar2,343,754

 Gidajen shakatawa na kasa 

 Gidan shakatawa na Kitulo
 Tafkin Ngosi (Lake Crater) 
 Yankin Matema
 Gidan ajiyar gandun daji na Dutsen Rungwe
 Gidan shakatawa na Ruaha

 Sufuri 
Yankin Mbeya yana samuwa ta hanyoyi, jirgin ƙasa, iska da ruwa ta hanyar Tafkin Nyasa.

 Filin jirgin sama 
Yankin Mbeya yana da filin jirgin sama na Songwe wanda ke gundumar Mbeya a yankin Songwe.  A halin yanzu dai jirgi daya tilo da ya tsara tashi shine Air Tanzaniya mai jigilar jirage zuwa Dar es salaam.  Haka kuma akwai wasu jirage masu hayar jirgi zuwa wasu wurare kamar Ruaha National Park.  Babban titin TANZAM (T1) wanda wani bangare ne na babbar hanyar Arewa (A 104) ta ratsa yankin, ta hade da yankin Njombe zuwa gabas da yankin Songwe zuwa yamma.  Hanyar B - 345 ta haɗu da yankin da Malawi zuwa kudu daga Uyole.  Titin Chunya ya hada yankin da Singida da Tabora zuwa arewa maso gabas da kuma arewa maso yamma.

Yankin Mbeya yana da iyaka da Tafkin Nyasa zuwa Kudu maso Gabas. Yankin Mbeya da yankunan da ke kusa da Njombe, Ruvuma da ƙasar Malawi suna amfani da tafkin don sufuri. Jiragen ruwa uku, jiragen ruwa biyu, MV Njombe da MV Ruvuma, da daya don fasinjoji, MV Mbeya II, suna kan matakai na ƙarshe na gini kuma ana sa ran fara aiki a ƙarshen 2019. Jirgin TAZARA ya ratsa yankin kuma ya haɗa shi da birnin Dar es salaam da Zambia. : 88,95 

 Kula da lafiya 
Asibitin turawa yana cikin Birnin Mbeya, kuma akwai cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na jama'a da masu zaman kansu 336 da suka bazu a duk yankin Mbeya. : 142-147 : 142-147 

 Shahararrun mutane 

 Yarima Kagwema, marubuci
 Albert Mangwea, mawaƙi
 Joseph Mbilinyi, mawaƙi kuma ɗan siyasa
 Tolly Mbwette, masanin kimiyya
 Fadhy Mtanga, marubuci
 Godfrey Mwakikagile, masanin kimiyya kuma marubuci
 Harrison Mwakyembe, ɗan siyasa
 Davis Mwamunyange, tsohon shugaban Sojojin Tsaro na Tanzania
 Mark Mwandosya, ɗan siyasa
 Christopher Mwashinga, marubuci
 Imani Sanga, farfesa na kiɗa
 Raymond Shaban, mawaƙi
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba