Man fetur a Turkiyya

Man fetur yana samar da sama da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Makamashi na Turkiyya. Saboda kasar tana samar da man fetur kadan,  kusan ya dogara ne akan shigo da man fetura da kayayyakin Mai kamar man fetur da dizal,  wanda aka cinye shi a cikin motocin hanya na kasar.[5] Turkiyya ita ce mafi yawan masu amfani da iskar gas (LPG) a duniya don sufuri na hanya.[6]

Saboda Turkiyya tana samar da kashi 7% kawai na man da take amfani da shi, jimlar shigo da kasar ta fi karfin fitar da ita, wanda shine matsala ga tattalin arzikinta. Bayan mamayewar Rasha ta 2022 a Ukraine ta fara, kasashe da yawa na Turai sun daina sayen Man fetur, man fetur da dizal na Rasha amma Dangantakar Turkiyya da Rasha ta kasance cewa tana samar da mafi yawan irin waɗannan shigo da kayayyaki.

 Bukatar 
A cikin shekarun 2010, buƙatar mai ta karu sosai, galibi saboda karuwar amfani da dizal, kuma ana hasashen zai karu a hankali har zuwa 2040.[11][12] Fiye da rabin kayan man fetur da aka shigo da su a Turkiyya ana amfani da su don jigilar hanya,  kuma Turkiyya ita ce babbar mai amfani da iskar man fetur (LPG) a duniya don jigilar hanyoyi. [5][6] Ana fatan motocin lantarki da aka ƙera a cikin gida da sauran motocin hanya daga masana'antar kera motoci ta ƙasar a ƙarshe za su rage lissafin shigo da kaya. A cikin 2021, amfani da dizal na Turkiyya - na cikin gida da na fitarwa - ya ninka sau shida na man fetur. : 19 : 19 

 Tasirin kiwon lafiya da muhalli 
Fossil-fuel-fuel hanyar hayaki-moto gurɓata manyan birane da nitrogen dioxide da sauran iskar gas. Rashin gurɓata iska daga dizal ya fi muni daga man fetur.

Ya zuwa 2022 Bahar Maliya ba yanki ne na kula da fitarwa ba; gurɓataccen iska yana fitowa daga jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Bahar Maliya ta Turkiyya. Abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Tekun Turkiyya sun haifar da zubar da mai. Rashin gurɓata iska daga jiragen ruwa da ke ƙone mai mai mai a kusa da birane matsala ce a wasu wurare, kamar Mersin.

Samar da mai a Rasha yana haifar da kwarara na methane cikin yanayi. Saboda ma'aunin kayan gas na kasa da kasa ya dogara ne akan samarwa, an lissafa wannan a cikin hayakin gas na Rasha maimakon na Turkiyya.https://www.dw.com/ha/shirin-ciniki-da-masanaantu-na-wannan-makon/audio-39125902

Samar da man fetur da iskar gas a kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya an kiyasta ta hanyar Climate Trace cewa sun fitar da fiye da tan miliyan daya na iskar gas mai ɗumi a cikin 2023.

 Tushen 
Kimanin tanadin mai na Turkiyya kusan ganga miliyan 600 ne, : 19 da kimanin tan miliyan 3 ana samar da su a kowace shekara, kusan kashi bakwai cikin dari na amfani da Turkiyya na shekara-shekara.  Kasar tana shigo da kimanin tan miliyan 25 zuwa 30 a kowace shekara, : 20 galibi daga Rasha da Iraki.     

TPAO, kamfanin bincike da samarwa na jihar, yana hako tsakanin rijiyoyin bincike 100 zuwa 200 a kowace shekara. : 19 Mafi yawan tabbatar da man fetur da samarwa suna cikin Batman da Adıyaman Provinces a kudu maso gabas, kuma akwai kadan a Thrace. : 3 Batı Raman yana da karin man fetur mai nauyi; wasu filayen suna samar da man fetur na cikin gida mai sauƙi, wanda matsakaicin ƙarfin API ya kai 28, kuma wannan man fetur matsakaici ya dace da kasuwar Turkiyya.[27] A cikin 2023, an gano tanadi na kusan ganga biliyan daya tare da nauyin API na 41 a kusa da Mt Gabar a Şirnak. Ana iya cire Man Shale daga Dadaş amma ana buƙatar sarrafa ruwa mai tsabta yadda ya kamata don rage Tasirin muhalli na fashewar ruwa.[29]

Babban daraktan kula da harkokin hakar ma'adinai da man fetur na Turkiyya ne ke ba da lasisin hako mai "Crude Oil". Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022. amma tsarin ba su yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma yana buƙatar tasirin siyasa.  Dokar Kasuwar Man Fetur ta ba da ƙwarin gwiwa ga masu zuba jari don bincika da samarwa. [ 31 ] Ana gudanar da wasu ingantattun mai a Batı Raman.  Kazalika da danyen mai, kasar na shigo da kayayyakin mai, dizal, LPG da kuma petcoke -wanda ake amfani da shi wajen yin siminti-da kuma  , Kudirin shigo da makamashin kasar ya bi diddigin farashin danyen mai. [ 33 ] TPAO, wanda ke yin mafi yawan binciken mai da iskar gas,  ya karu a cikin teku a cikin 2020. [ 35 ].

 Sufuri 
alt= A medium size ship in front of a hazy city skyline|thumb|Ƙananan tankuna, kamar wannan, wani lokacin suna ɗaukar mai daga Novorossiisk a kan Tekun Baƙi, kuma suna wucewa ta Bosphoros don samar da refineries kusa da İzIzmir
Ana jigilar man fetur daga Rasha zuwa Turkiyya daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Black Sea na Novorossiisk, Tuapse da Taman .  Kasar Sin da Indiya ne kawai suka sayi man Rasha fiye da Turkiyya.

Jirgin mai na Kirkuk-Ceyhan yana da damar ganga miliyan 1.6 a rana (mbd). Ana jigilar man Rasha da Caspian ta Jirgin ruwa ta hanyar Bosporus .  A shekara ta 2005, an zartar da dokar mayar da martani ga man fetur a Turkiyya,  kuma a cikin 2022, an tilasta inshorar tankin mai.  Kazalika da jirage, akwai jiragen ruwa biyu na girgizar ƙasa.

Man da Turkiyya ke shigo da shi daga Rasha ya karu bayan mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine a shekarar 2022.  Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai (EU) ta haramta shigo da kayan mai kai tsaye daga Rasha tun daga 2023,   amma ana ci gaba da shigo da kayayyaki kai tsaye har zuwa 2024.   , Turkiyya na amfani da dizal din Rasha mai arha mai yawa, wanda zai iya fitar da dizal daga matatun Turkiyya don fitar da shi zuwa EU.  Tankunan mai daga Novorossiysk suna kaiwa Korfez da Aliağa, kusa da İzmir birni na uku mafi girma a Turkiyya .  A watan Oktoban 2022, kusan rabin danyen mai na Rasha an aika zuwa Turkiyya  amma ba a sani ba ko tashin farashin mai na EU zai shafi Turkiyya.  Wani mai na Rasha ya bi ta tashar Dörtyol a Hatay .  Yawancin dizal ɗin Rasha suna zuwa Turkiyya  saboda EU ta sanya takunkumin shigo da su. 

 Gudanarwa da adanawa 
alt=Many large metal structures, cylindrical tanks and chimneys next to a large road|thumb|Kamfanin Star Aegean refinery a İzIzmir SOCSOCAR (kamfanin mai mallakar jihar Azerbaijan), kuma yana samar da mafi yawan dizdizal man AzeAzeri][2]
Babban mai gyaran mai a Turkiyya shine Tüpraş  tare da masu gyaran mai guda hudu. Sabon refinery shine Star Aegean, wanda kuma yake a Aliağa kuma yana da fiye da rabin kasuwar kayayyakin man fetur.   Abubuwan da ke cikin man fetur na Turkiyya suna da yawa don haka ana inganta masana'antun don saduwa da iyakokin sulfur na jigilar kayayyaki na Bahar Rum,   wanda za'a iya yanke shi daga 0.5% zuwa 0.1%, mai yiwuwa a cikin 2025.[61] Tare, masu refineries guda biyar suna da damar sama da tan miliyan 400 a kowace shekara (815,000 mbd) tun daga shekarar 2022. Kodayake masu tsarkakewa sun fi son samar da dizal maimakon man fetur, dole ne a shigo da rabin dizal na kasar.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba