Canjin yanayi a Koriya ta Kudu

Canjin yanayi ya haifar da mummunan yanayi a Koriya ta Kudu wanda ke shafar: zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, masana'antu, al'adu, da sauran bangarori da yawa. Koriya ta Kudu tana fuskantar canje-canje a cikin yanayin yanayi. Irin waɗannan sigogi sun haɗa da zafin jiki na shekara-shekara, ruwan sama mai yawa, da hazo.

Mafi bambanta sauyin yanayi da aka yi hasashe ga Koriya ta Kudu shine haɓakar yanayin yanayin zafi a cikin yanayi huɗu. Yawan rikodin mafi ƙarancin kwanakin zafin rana ya ragu da sauri. Matsakaicin hazo a lokacin bazara ya karu. Ƙarfafa yiwuwar sababbin nau'ikan lalacewar yanayi mai ƙarfi yana haifar da tsanani da gaggawar canjin yanayi. Don daidaitawa da saurin sauyin yanayi, gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta fara yunƙurin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi . Sun kasance mataki ɗaya kusa da samun ƙasa mai ƙarancin carbon mai tushen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.  [ mafi kyau tushe ake bukata ]

Masana'antu da karuwar yawan jama'a sun samar da gurɓataccen abubuwa da iskar gas, waɗanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi. A cikin 2017 Koriya ta Kudu ita ce ta 7 mafi girma a duniya mai fitar da hayakin carbon kuma ta 5 mafi girma ga kowane mutum.

 Rashin iskar gas 
Jimlar hayaki mai guba a cikin kt na CO2 daidai ya ƙunshi jimlar CO2 ban da ƙonewar biomass na gajeren lokaci (kamar gobarar daji, lalacewar bayan konewa, gobarar peat da lalacewar wuraren da aka zubar), duk tushen CH4 na mutum, tushen N2O da F-gases (HFCs, PFCs da SF6). Gishiri na gida mai laushi na Koriya ta Kudu ya fara karuwa sosai daga shekarun 1970 saboda ci gaban masana'antu da tattalin arziki. A shekara ta 2016 ya kasance 694,479.99, kuma ya karu da 1.58% fiye da 2015. Har ila yau, adadin iskar gas ya kasance 708,429.99 da 715,500.00 a cikin kowane 2017 da 2018 ya karu kowane 1.98% da 1% fiye da shekarar da ta gabata. A cikin 2019, fitarwa ta kasance 698,460.02, ta ragu da 2.38% daga 2018.  (CO2 ya haifar da ba kawai ƙonewar biomass ba kamar ƙonewar sharar gona da ƙonewar Savannah har ma da wasu) 
An fitar da tan miliyan 700 na iskar gas a cikin 2019. Akwai karuwar kashi 3.5% a cikin hayaki na iskar gas bayan raguwar kashi 6.5% a cikin 2020. Ya zuwa 2021 Koriya tana tallafawa gina wutar lantarki ta kasashen waje.

Koriya ta Kudu ita ce na tara mafi girma da ke fitar da carbon dioxide. An kiyasta cewa Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Dangjin ita ce tashar wutar wutar lantarki da ke amfani da kwal wacce ta fitar da na uku mafi yawan carbon dioxide a cikin 2018, a tan miliyan 34, kuma an kiyasta hayakin dangi a 1.5 kg a kowace kWh. 

 Ta hanyar sashi 
20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020Jimlar hayaki (miliyan ton CO2eq) 656.1684.8688.0697.3692.1692.6693.7710.6727.0701.2656.2Makamashi565.7594.7596.0604.5596.9600.3602.2615.6632.6611.6569.9Tsarin masana'antu53.053.054.455.157.954.553.556.555.852.248.5Aikin noma22.121.121.521.321.421.020.821.021.121.021.1sharar gida15.416.016.116.415.816.917.217.617.416.516.7Adadin hayaki na gas idan aka kwatanta da gdp (ton CO2eq./ biliyan) 459.9462.9454.2446.2429.1417.7406.4403.6401.2378.5356.7Adadin hayaki na gas ga kowane mutum13.213.713.713.813.613.613.513.814.113.512.7

 Tasirin yanayi 

 Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi 


 Karin ruwan sama 
Seoul, babban birnin Koriya ta Kudu, yana da shekaru 228 na rikodin hazo, farawa da ma'aunin ruwan sama na gargajiya na cheugugi wanda shine mafi tsawo na ci gaba da tarin ruwan sama a duniya. Rubuce-rubucen ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana ba da babban ƙuduri don gano bambancin abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi da kuma shekaru da yawa na bambancin ruwan sama. An auna ruwan sama tare da cheugugi daga 1778 zuwa 1907, kuma an haɓaka kayan aikin lura na zamani kuma an yi amfani da su tun 1908. Idan aka kwatanta lokacin cheugugi da zamanin zamani, zamanin zamani yana nuna karuwar yawan ruwan sama. Misali, bayanan kididdiga don ruwan sama na rani a lokacin cheugugi shine 861.8 mm yayin da wannan na zamani shine 946.5 mm.  

Kamar yadda adadin ruwan sama na rani daga 1912 zuwa 2017 ya karu da shekaru 11.6 mm / 10,  saboda yawan ruwan sama mai yawa da abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama sun karu da yawa, haɗarin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya zama mafi girma a kudancin yankin tsibirin fiye da yankin tsakiya na tsibirin Koriya. Babban adadin tururi na ruwa da ke shiga kudancin tsibirin (Kudancin gabar teku, Tsibirin Jeju) yana gudana cikin Tekun Gishiri a lokacin rani kuma yana haifar da yawan ruwan sama. A gefe guda, gabar gabas tana nuna karancin ruwan sama. Bugu da kari, ana iya lura da ruwan sama mai yawa a lokacin watanni na rani tare da yawan guguwa, kuma ana iya lura leken da ke karuwar guguwa da ke shafar Koriya ta Kudu tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970 da tsakiyar shekarun 1990, wanda ke haifar da karuwar ruwan sama mai tsanani. Yawan abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai yawa tare da sa'a 1 na sama na 50 millimeters ko fiye ya karu daga matsakaicin abubuwan 2.4 a kowace shekara (1973~1982) zuwa matsakaicin 5.7 a kowace shekara (2013~2022).  

Koyaya, duk da yanayin dogon lokaci na karuwar ruwan sama na rani, tsarin ruwan sama tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 2010 sun bambanta da na baya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an lura da jerin shekarun ruwan sama na rani. A cikin 2015, hazo na shekara-shekara shine na uku mafi ƙasƙanci a rikodin, kuma a cikin 2016 da 2017, hazo na Agusta da Yuni sun kasance mafi ƙasƙanta da na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a rikodin. Bugu da kari, lokacin 'Changma' na 2018 shine na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a rikodin. '

 Canje-canje a cikin hazo 
An halicci belin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi 'Changma gaba' a cikin Bay of Bengal da yammacin Arewacin Pacific a matsayin tsarin tsarin Gabashin Asiya. Yunkurin arewacin 'Changma front' yana rinjayar ci gaban tudun subtropical. Wannan gaba mai motsi zuwa arewa ana kiransa 'Changma' a Koriya ta Kudu, wanda ke wakiltar babban lokacin hazo. 'Changma gaba' yana ɗaukar kusan makonni 4 zuwa 5 don shiga cikin Koriya ta Koriya. Wannan jinkirin motsi yana haifar da babban, amma mai ɗorewa, yawan ruwan sama na rani a duk yankin Koriya a ƙarshen Yuni da Yuli a kowace shekara. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tun daga shekarun 2000, 'Changma' hazo ya fara kadan daga baya kuma ya ƙare kadan daga baya, tare da hauhawar hazo na biyu a farkon watan Agusta bayan lokacin 'Changmaa'. Musamman, tun daga shekarun 2010, ruwan sama a lokacin 'Changma' yana raguwa, yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa na 30 millimeters ko fiye da awa daya ke ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda Canjin yanayi, an yi hasashen cewa ruwan sama na 'Changma' zai karu a nan gaba kuma ya zama mafi tsanani. Musamman, an yi hasashen cewa 'Changma' hazo zai karu da kashi 5% a nan gaba (2020-2039) kuma har zuwa kashi 25% a ƙarshen karni na 21 (2080-2099). 

Wani, ƙarshen lokacin rani 'Changma' da aka sani da 'Fall Changma' ko 'Second Changma' marubuta sun amince da shi tun daga shekara ta 2016. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, tsawon lokaci da ruwan sama na 'Fall Changma' ya karu, mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da dumamar yanayi. 'Fall Changma' yana farawa a ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa farkon Satumba. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da 'Changma gaba' wanda ya matsa zuwa China ya yi karo da matsin lamba na Siberiya kuma ya wuce kan Koriya Peninsula. Adadin ruwan sama da yawan kwanakin ruwan sama a lokacin 'Fall Changma' gabaɗaya ƙasa ne fiye da lokacin da gaba ke motsawa arewa a farkon lokacin rani. Ruwan sama kuma yana da matukar damuwa daga shekara zuwa shekara. Koyaya, a wani lokaci, ruwan sama mai yawa da guguwa na wurare masu zafi (guguwa) na iya faruwa, suna lalata amfanin gona yayin da suka kai ga balaga.

 Yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa 
Tun daga 1999, Cibiyar Kula da Yanayin Yanayin Koriya ta Duniya da ke Anmyeon-do tana sa ido kan manyan iskar gas (GHG) kamar carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (  ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), da chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11 da CFC-12). Tashar Duk wani yana cikin yanayi mara ƙazanta, wuri mai kyau don lura da yanayin yanayin Arewa maso Gabashin Asiya, gami da yankin Koriya.

Daga cikin waɗannan GHG, CO 2 yana aiki sosai don canza abubuwa da yawa na abubuwan yanayi.  Ƙididdigar CO 2 a Anmyeon-do sun fi girma fiye da matsakaicin duniya; Matsakaicin matsakaicin CO 2 na 2018 an rubuta shi azaman 415.2 ppm.  Yana da haɓaka na 44 ppm (6.7%) dangane da matsakaita na shekara-shekara na 371.2 ppm na 1999 lokacin da aka fara ganin adadin carbon dioxide a cikin Anmyeon-do . Kuma yana da 7.4 ppm sama da matsakaicin duniya na 407.8 ppm na wannan shekarar kamar yadda WMO ta rubuta.  Yawan ci gaban shekara-shekara na CO 2 na shekaru 10 (2008 ~ 2018) ya kasance 2.4 ppm / shekara, wanda ya kasance mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin duniya na 2.2 ppm / shekara.

Methane, wani shahararren iskar gas mai zafi a cikin yanayin Koriya ta Koriya, kuma yana nuna karuwa sosai a cikin yanayin yanayi a cikin shekaru goma daga 2008 zuwa 2018. Matsakaicin 2018 na shekara-shekara na methane da aka lura a cikin Anmyeon-do ya kasance 1974 ppb, wanda shine 115 ppb mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin Arewacin duniya kuma mafi girma fiye da 1000 na Arewacin Hemisna fiye da 100 mafi girma na Arewacin Hemisna 1874 shafi Matsakaicin methane na 2018 a cikin Anmyeon-do shine 113 ppb sama da na 1999, lokacin da aka fara lura. 

A zamanin masana'antu (juyin juya halin masana'antu na biyu) a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mutane sun kasance suna kona albarkatun mai (kwal, man fetur, fetur, iskar gas). Wannan yana fitar da CO 2 cikin yanayi wanda ke ba da gudummawar tasirin greenhouse .  An nuna bambancin yanayin zafi tsakanin birane da karkara saboda wannan masana'antu. Matsakaicin bambance-bambancen yanayin yanayin zafi da aka gani a tashoshin yanayi goma a Koriya ta Kudu sun nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara a cikin adadin 0.52 °C a kowace shekara. A cikin shekaru 29 da suka gabata, karuwar yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya kai 1.5 °C don tashar Seoul (wanda aka samo a cikin birni) da 0.6 °C don tashoshin karkara da teku. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen farashin sun fi girma fiye da yankunan birane. 

Koriya ta Kudu tana fuskantar karuwar zafin jiki da sauri. Mafi girman Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na iya ƙaruwa a Gabashin Asiya. Akwai matsanancin zafi, amma matsanancin sanyi. Wadannan matsakaicin zafin jiki suna ƙaruwa, musamman yawan zafin jiki bayan shekarun 1950 ya ninka sau 1.5 fiye da kafin shekarun 1950. A cikin rashin kokarin rage iskar gas (RCP8.5 scenario), tsakanin 2071 da 2100, ana sa ran hunturu zai zama kusan kwanaki 40 kuma lokacin rani kusan kwanaki 40 ya fi tsayi fiye da cikin shekaru goma na baya-bayan nan (2009-2018).  Lokacin da aka kwatanta matsakaicin zafin jiki don kwatanta matsakaitan zafin jiki na ƙarni na 20 da na ƙarni ya 21, an nuna cewa akwai karuwar 4 ° C. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na Koriya ta Kudu shine 10~ 15 ° C,  wanda ke nufin cewa dumama na gaba zai haifar da fadada yankin yanayi mai zafi tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi sama da 27 ° C a kan Koriya.  Yankin subtropical na baya-bayan nan yana kan ƙananan bakin teku na Koriya Peninsula, amma yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu, zai haifar da yankin subtropical yana ƙaura zuwa arewa. Saboda haka, a shekara ta 2100 an tsara yankin subtropical don fadada yankinsa zuwa arewacin iyakar Dutsen Taebaek.   

 Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi 
Kamar sauran ƙasashe, Koriya ba za ta iya guje wa tasirin canjin yanayi ba. Karin ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa, da lalacewar da ke tattare da su yana da mahimmanci a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Lalacewar dukiya da asarar rayuka da bala'o'i suka haifar shine tasirin canjin yanayi. Saboda wannan batu, rage bala'in yanayi yana daya daga cikin burin da al'ummomin da ke daidaitawa da canjin yanayi. Karin yawan ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, ko tsananin guguwa yana haifar da karuwar yawan bala'o'i masu yawa. Koriya ta Kudu ba ta da bambanci. Musamman, lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa suna da mahimmanci. Duk da karuwar barazanar, rashin lafiyar bala'i, musamman guguwa, an rage shi saboda dalilai da yawa, kamar, inganta rigakafin bala'i.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba