Mary Dent Crisp

Mary Dent Crisp (Nuwamba 5, 1923 - Maris 24, 2007)  shugabar jam'iyyar Republican ce kuma 'yar mata ta Amurka wacce aka kora daga jam'iyyarta bayan da ta fito fili ta nuna adawa da ra'ayinta game da 'yancin zubar da ciki da Daidaita Hakkoki .  Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Republican fiye da shekaru 20 kuma ta yi aiki a cikin ayyukan gudanarwa na jam'iyyar tun daga 1968, ta ƙare a hidima daga 1977 zuwa 1980 a matsayin Co-ChairWoman of the Republican National Committee . Crisp ya yi magana game da shawarar da jam'iyyar ta yanke na dakatar da goyon bayan Kwaskwarima Daidaita Daidaita a cikin jawabin da aka yi a taron Jam'iyyar Republican na 1980, bayan haka ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake neman takara a matsayinta ba. Crisp ya kuma yi magana game da haƙƙin zubar da ciki.

 Rayuwa ta sirri da ilimi 
An haifi Crisp a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1923, a Allentown, Pennsylvania, ɗa na 7 na Elizabeth (Patch) da Harry Dent.  A cikin 1946, Crisp ya kammala karatun digiri a fannin ilimin kimiyyar halittu daga Kwalejin Oberlin sannan ya karanci kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Jihar Arizona .  A cikin 1948, ta auri William Crisp. Suna da yara uku tare, William, Barbara, da Anne. Maryamu da William sun sake aure a cikin 1976.  Mary Dent Crisp tana da cutar Parkinson kuma ta mutu a ranar 24 ga Maris, 2007. 

 Rayuwar Siyasa 
Crisp ya kasance mai himma a matsayin mai sa kai a siyasa. Ayyukanta na siyasa ta fara ne a cikin 1961 a matsayin mataimakiyar mai rejista don yakin Barry Goldwater.  Bayan haka, an zaɓi Crisp a matsayin mukamai a cikin Jam'iyyar Republican, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin jam'iyyar Republican na gundumar Mariposa daga 1968 zuwa 1970,  kuma a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin jam'iyyar Republican ta Arizona daga 1971 zuwa 1972.  A cikin 1972 ta zama 'yar majalisar Republican a Arizona.  A cikin 1976 Crisp ya zama Sakataren Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican . Daga 1977 zuwa 1980 ta yi aiki a matsayin Co-Shugaban Kwamitin Kasa na Republican .

Crisp ya jagoranci Shugabannin Kasuwanci don Tsaron Ƙasa, kwamitin aikin siyasa daga 1984 zuwa tsakiyar 1990s. 

 Ayyukan aiki 
A cikin 1977, Crisp ya rubuta wa kowane Republican a Majalisa don samun goyon baya ga lissafin da zai tsawaita lokacin tabbatar da ERA.  A cikin jawabinta a Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican na 1980, Crisp ya fito fili ya kalubalanci kuma yayi magana game da shawarar Jam'iyyar Republican ta yin watsi da Daidaita Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Haƙƙin mallaka da goyan baya da watsar da tsarin hana zubar da ciki. 
Bayan Crisp ya yi magana a kan Jam'iyyar Republican, shugaban jam'iyyar, Bill Brock, ya gaya mata cewa "[Ta] ta ɗauki mafi ƙarancin bayanan da zai yiwu,." Brock ta ba da umarnin a goge kalamanta daga shirin babban taron zaɓe na ƙasa, kuma ta soke taron gunduma guda biyu da Crisp ya kamata ya shirya.  Crisp ya amince da dan Republican mai zaman kansa John B. Anderson na Illinois don shugaban kasa, amma ya musanta amincewa da shi kuma ya shirya tare da Brock cewa ba za ta sake yin magana da manema labarai ba kuma ba za ta sake neman mukaminta ba. Daga baya, abokanta sun ce Crisp ta amince ta saurari Brock don kare ma'aikatanta daga kora. 

Jim kadan bayan haka, Crisp ya sanya hannu a matsayin manajan yakin neman zaben John B. Anderson na takarar shugaban kasa a 1980 a matsayin mai zaman kansa.  Ta yi aiki a kan allon don ƙungiyoyin siyasa da yawa kuma "ta yi yaƙi don mayar da Jam'iyyar Republican zuwa abin da ta yi imanin tushen akidarta: 'yanci na mutum da iyakacin gwamnati".  Maryamu ta sadaukar da rayuwarta a matsayin ƙwararriyar mata don "inganta al'amuran 'yancin mata, dama, zaɓi, da zaman lafiya". 

Magoya bayan Daidaita Hakkokin Gyara da haƙƙoƙin zubar da ciki, Crisp ya goyi bayan zaɓi da yancin mata na yin zaɓin nasu na haifuwa.  Crisp ya kuma nuna rashin amincewa da shawarar jam'iyyar Republican na adawa da tallafin tarayya na zubar da ciki. A cikin 1989, Kotun Koli a Webster v. Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiyar Haihuwa, ta hana tallafin tarayya don zubar da ciki  Crisp sannan ta bar matsayinta a karkashin matsin lamba daga magoya bayan Shugaba Ronald Reagan .  A wannan shekarar, CIGABA DA CIGABA DA HUKUNCIN JAMBA'AI NA KUDI NA NANALI Zabi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun gwamnatocin zubar da ciki da hakkin zubar da ciki. 

Bugu da ƙari, ta yi magana game da tallafin tarayya don kula da yara, gyara rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a cikin Tsaron Jama'a, da kuma nuna wariyar aiki. 

 Jawabai da rubuce-rubuce 
Crisp yayi jawabai da dama a madadin kwamitin kasa na Republican .  Makasudin mafi yawan jawabanta ƙungiyoyin Republican ne. Bugu da kari, Crisp ya gabatar da jawabai na yakin neman zabe ga 'yan takarar jam'iyyar Republican. Bayan barin Jam'iyyar Republican, yawancin jawaban Crisp da suka shafi aikinta na Ƙungiyar Jam'iyyar Republican ta Kasa don Zaɓi . 

 Lamarin da ya faru na saƙon waya (Yuni 1980) 
A cikin watan Yunin 1980, jami'an kwamitin jam'iyyar Republican sun yi bincike tare da binciken lantarki na hedkwatarsu don ganin ko an samu matsala. Rahoton bai cika ba cewa an yi amfani da ofishin Mary Crisp wajen satar wayar.  Ko da yake, shugaban Brill Brock ya ba da umarnin dakatar da binciken bayan ya gano cewa dan sanda ya shiga hedkwatar kafin su kasance a can. Ba a sami komai ba bayan binciken. Winston Norman wanda shi ne babban jami'in tsaro na kwamitin kasa na jam'iyyar Republican ne ya aiko dan sandan . Daga baya, wasu masanan lantarki guda biyu sun ce filin maganadisu da wayoyi masu tuhuma da aka samu a ofishin Mary Crisp na iya zama na satar sauraren bayanai. 

 Yabo da karramawa 

 Hukumar Bayar da Shawarar Tattalin Arzikin Mata 
 Kungiyar Siyasar Mata ta Kasa 
 Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari ta Ƙasa na Tsare-tsaren Iyaye 
 Amintaccen Cibiyar Thomas Jefferson don Kare Maganar Kyauta 
 Digiri na Daraja na Darakta daga Kwalejin Cedar Crest a 1981 
 Digiri na Darakta na Doka daga Kwalejin Oberlin a 1982 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 2007
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba