Jerin dinosaur na Tsarin Morrison

Morrison Formation wani tsari ne na musamman na Dutsen Jurassic sedimentary dutse wanda aka samo a yammacin Amurka, wanda ya kasance tushen burbushin dinosaur a Arewacin Amurka . Ya ƙunshi dutsen laka, dutsen yashi, dutsen siltstone, da farar ƙasa, kuma yana da haske mai launin toka, koren launin toka, ko ja. Yawancin burbushin halittu suna faruwa a cikin gadaje na siltstone koren da ƙananan duwatsun yashi, abubuwan koguna da filayen ambaliya na zamanin Jurassic .

 Kwatancen fauna 
Fauna na Morrison Formation yayi kama da waɗanda aka samo a cikin duwatsu masu tasowa na Tendaguru da Lourinhã daga Tanzaniya da Portugal bi da bi,  yawanci tare da na biyu. An raba wasu nau'o'in tsakanin Morrison da Lourinhã, irin su Torvosaurus,  Ceratosaurus,  Stegosaurus, Dryosaurus,  da Allosaurus .  A taƙaice, Morrison Formation yana da ingantaccen nau'in dinosaur 37.

 Ornithischians 
Dinosaurs ornithischian herbivorous sun bambanta amma ba kamar na kowa ba kamar sauropods a cikin Morrison. Fruitadens, wanda aka fi sani da "Fruita Echinodon ", heterodontosaurid ne. Stegosaurs sun haɗa da Hesperosaurus mjosi, Stegosaurus ( S. ungulatus da S. stenops ), da Alcovasaurus longispinus . Ankylosaurs ba a san su ba a cikin samuwar har zuwa 1990s. An yi suna biyu: Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum da Mymoorapelta maysi . Ƙananan neornithischians sun haɗa da Nanosaurus agilis, Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae, Laosaurus ( L. celer da L. gracilis ), Drinker nisti, Othnielia rex, da Othnielosaurus consors (na karshe uku daga cikinsu an dauke su daidai da Nanosaurus ). Ornithopods sun wakilci Dryosaurus ( D. altus da D. elderae ), Uteodon aphanoecetes, wanda a halin yanzu aka sani kawai daga Dinosaur National Monument, kuma mafi girma, mafi yawan Camptosaurus dispar . Dukkanin jinsin ornithopod da aka ambata sune farkon iguanodonts, ƙungiyar da ta haifar da dinosaur duck-billed .

 Neornithischians 

GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesAnomoepusColoradoAnomoepus from the Morrison lack the handprint impressions found associated with earlier instances of the ichnogenus in New Englandcenter|thumb|Camptosaurus disparcenter|thumb|Dryosaurus altuscenter|thumb|Enigmacursor mollyborthwickaecenter|thumb|Nanosaurus agiliscenter|thumb|Uteodon aphanoecetesCamptosaurusC. amplusWyoming Now known to be based on a theropod footC. aphanoecetesUtah, Brushy Basin memberReclassified as UteodonC. browniJunior synonym of C. disparC. disparColorado, Oklahoma, Utah and WyomingTwenty-five to thirty disarticulated skull elements, some with associated postcrania, and approximately ten partial, articulated skeletons, all from juveniles and adultsA member of Ankylopollexia. Junior synonyms include Camptosaurus browni, C. medius, and C. nanusC. mediusJunior synonym of C. disparC. nanusJunior synonym of C. disparDinehichnusUtah, Saltwash memberMultiple trackways have been discovered. The tracks run parallel to one another, indicating that the trackmaker was at least a somewhat social animalDinehichnus are attributed to dryosaurids. The tracks preserve feet characterized by widely splayed toes that are rotated somewhat towards the midline of the trackmaker's body. Each track is accompanied by "distinct heel impressions"DrinkerD. nistiWyoming"Partial skull and postcranial skeleton."Junior synonym of NanosaurusDryosaurusD. altusColorado and Wyoming, Brushy Basin memberThe remains of many individuals have been uncovered, with some sites containing hundreds of bones from Dryosaurus of multiple age groupsA dryosaurid iguanodont. It was physically similar to Nanosaurus, although larger and with more derived teethD. elderaeUtah, Brushy Basin memberTwo partial skeletons, one from a juvenile, and two additional fragmentary specimensThe second described species of DryosaurusEnigmacursorE. mollyborthwickaeColoradoA partial but three-dimensionally preserved skeletonA small neornithischianLaosaurusL. altusNow known as Dryosaurus altusL. celerWyomingConsidered dubious due to fragmentary remainsL. consorsNow known as Othnielosaurus consorsL. gracilisConsidered dubious due to fragmentary remainsNanosaurusN. agilisColorado, Brushy Basin memberA small basal neornithischian known from dozens of individuals. The holotype, YPM VP 1913, is a fragmentary skeleton from a juvenileOthnieliaO. rexColorado, Brushy Basin memberAn isolated femurConsidered dubious and many remains historically assigned to this taxon are now placed within NanosaurusOthnielosaurusO. consorsUtah and WyomingJunior synonym of NanosaurusPreprismatoolithusP. coloradensisColorado, Salt Wash memberEggshells are present in great abundance at the so-called "Young Egg Locality" which seems to have been a dinosaur nesting ground. Congeneric eggshell fossils are found at additional Colorado sites including the Fruita Paleontological Area, the Uravan Locality, and Garden Park.P. coloradensis is described by John Foster as being "of the prismatic basic type", with subspherical eggs about  in diameter. This oospecies has been attributed to "hypsilophodontid" dinosaurs, although a lack of associated embryo material currently makes confirming the layer's identity impossibleTichosteusT. aequifaciesColoradoTwo partial dorsal centra of a juvenileT. lucasanusColoradoTwo partial dorsal centraUteodonU. aphanoecetesUtah, Brushy Basin memberAn articulated postcranial skeletonSometimes synonymized with Camptosaurus

 Thyreophorans 

 Ankylosaurs 

Halitta Nau'o'i Locality Kayan abu Bayanan kula Hotuna Gargoyleosaurus  G. parkpinorum  Wyoming  Kwankwan kai da wani bangare na postcranium  Ankylosaur nodosaurid wanda aka sani daga cikakkiyar cikakkiyar ragowar burbushin halittu. Kwankinsa ya kai  tsayinsa, kuma jimlar tsawon jikinsa an kiyasta  . Wataƙila ya yi nauyi kamar  center|thumb|Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorumcenter|thumb|300x300px| Mymoorapelta maysi Mymoorapelta  M. maysi  Colorado da Utah, Brushy Basin memba   Gutsutsun kwanyar, sassan kwarangwal guda uku, da sauran postcrania  Dukansu ankylosaur na farko da aka gano a cikin samuwar da kuma farkon sanannen Jurassic ankylosaur na Arewacin Amurka.  Wataƙila ya yi nauyi  a rayuwa 

 Stegosaurs 

GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesAlcovasaurusA. longispinusWyoming, Brushy Basin memberA fragmentary postcranial skeleton from an adult A dacentrurine stegosaurid physically similar to Stegosaurus stenops but with much larger tail spines. It is also similar to Kentrosaurus in having long dermal spikes on the caudal region. The thighbone length was determined at 1082 millimeters. The longest spike was 86 centimeters long. Its point was broken and it is estimated the original length of the bone core was at 985 millimeters. In 2019, the genus Alcovasaurus was considered a junior synonym of Miragaiacenter|thumb|Alcovasaurus longispinus

 Sauran ornithischians 

Halitta Nau'o'i Locality Kayan abu Bayanan kula Hotuna Anomoepuscenter|thumb|Fruitads haagarorum Fruitadens  F. haagarorum  Colorado, Brushy Basin memba  Kwanyar kwanyar wani yanki da mandible tare da abubuwa da yawa na postcranial  A heterodontosaurid

 Sauropods 
Sauropods, katuwar dogayen wutsiya dogayen wutsiya masu kafafu hudu masu cin ganyayyaki na dinosaurs, suna cikin mafi yawan al'ada kuma shahararrun burbushin Morrison. Wasu suna da dangantaka mara tabbas, kamar "Apatosaurus" <i id="mwBMY">minimus</i> (watakila basal titanosauriform) da Haplocanthosaurus . Sauropods ciki har da Haplocanthosaurus priscus, H. delfsi, da diplodocid Brontosaurus yahnahpin sun bayyana a farkon matakan Morrison. Matakan tsakiya sun mamaye nau'ikan da aka saba da su irin su giraffe -kamar Brachiosaurus altithorax, waɗanda ba a saba gani ba, amma camarasaurids masu dangantaka, kamar Camarasaurus supremus, C. grandis, C. Lentus, da Cathetosaurus / Camarasaurus lewisi, sun kasance na kowa. Har ila yau, na kowa sun kasance dogayen, ƙananan diplodocids, kamar Apatosaurus ajax, A. louisae, Brontosaurus excelsus, B. parvus, Barosaurus lentus, Diplodocus longus, D. carnegii, Galeamopus da Dyslocosaurus polyonychius .

A cikin marigayi Morrison, gigantic diplodocids (ko nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i) sun bayyana, ciki har da Diplodocus hallorum (tsohon Seismosaurus ), Supersaurus vivianae, Amphicoelias altus, da Maraapunisaurus fragilimus . Ƙananan sauropods, irin su Suuwassea emiliae daga Montana, ana samun su a arewacin arewacin Morrison, kusa da bakin tekun Sundance na d ¯ a, yana ba da shawarar abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da ke nuna girman girman jiki a can idan aka kwatanta da ƙattai da aka samu a kudu. 

 Haplocanthosaurids 

Halitta Nau'o'i Locality Kayan abu Bayanan kula Hotuna Haplocanthosaurus  H. delfsi  Colorado, Brushy Basin memba  Bangaren kwarangwal maras kwanyar kai.  Ƙananan haplocanthosaurs na rarrabuwa mara iyaka, masu tsayin kusan  .center|thumb| Haplocanthosaurus delfsi H. priscus  Colorado da Wyoming, Brushy Basin memba   Bangaran kwarangwal guda biyu marasa skul. 

 Rebbachisaurids 

Halitta Nau'o'i Locality Kayan abu Bayanan kula Hotuna Maraapunisaurus  M. fragillimus  Colorado, Brushy Basin memba  Guda ɗaya, yanzu batacce, baka na dorsal.  Babban rebbachisaurid. Dangane da bacewar jijiya guda ɗaya mai tsayin  . thumb| Rasa nau'in vertebra na Maraapunisaurus fragillimus kusa da Edward D. Cope .

 Dicraeosaurids 

Halitta Nau'o'i Locality Kayan abu Bayanan kula Hotuna Dyslocosaurus D. polyonychius Wyoming  Ƙashin gaba da ɓangarori na gaba. Matsayin phylogenetic ba shi da tabbas.  Smithanosaurus  S. agilis   Colorado, Brushy Basin memba  "Babban kwanyar da mahaifa."  A dicraeosaurid sauropod. Asalin da aka kwatanta da "Morosaurus" agilis.  Suwassea  S. Emiliae Montana, memba na Brushy Basin  Kwancen kwanyar wani bangare da wasu postcrania.  Dicraeosaurid yana da tsayin mita 15.

 Diplodocids 

GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesAmphicoeliasA. altusColorado, Brushy Basin member2 dorsal vertebrae, femur, and a pubis.A large diplodocid about  in length.center|thumb|Amphicoelias altus
Colorado, Brushy Basin memberA partial postcranial skeleton and posterior skull.A robust and abundantly widespread apatosaurine diplodocid reaching lengths of up to . "A." minimus likely belongs to a separate genus.A. louisaeColorado and Utah, Brushy Basin member Four partial specimens, one of them including a skull. Three of the specimens are from DNM, one is a mid cervical from Como Bluff."A." minimusWyoming"Sacrum and pelvis."ArdetosaurusA. viatorHowe-Stephens Quarry, Wyoming.Holotype specimen MAB011899, a partial skeleton containing the sacrum, ribs, a coracoid and parts of the vertebral column and hindlegs.A diplodocine sauropod from the younger layers of the Morrison Formation, originally considered a specimen of Diplodocus.AtlantosaurusA. montanusColorado, Brushy Basin memberA partial sacrum that cannot be distinguished from Camarasaurus or Apatosaurus.A dubious neosauropod.BarosaurusB. lentusSouth Dakota and Utah2 partial postcranial skeletons, with possibly more specimens assignable.A diplodocid about  in length, similar in appearance to Diplodocus. It was the rarest sauropod in the Morrison Formation.B. sp.Wyoming, Utah and OklahomaBrontosaurusB. excelsusWyoming, Brushy Basin memberTwo postcranial skeletons.Previously considered a species of Apatosaurus as per Riggs (1903).B. parvusUtah and Wyoming, Salt Wash and Brushy Basin membersThree headless skeletons.Originally called Elosaurus.B. yahnahpinTschopp, Emanuel; Mateus, Octávio; Benson, Roger B.J. (2015-04-07). "A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)". PeerJ. 3: e857. doi:10.7717/peerj.857. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4393826. PMID 25870766.Wyoming, Brushy Basin memberA partial postcranial skeleton.An apatosaurine diplodocid slightly more primitive than Apatosaurus. Formerly placed in separate genus Eobrontosaurus.DiplodocusD. carnegiiWyoming, Brushy Basin MemberKnown from two skulls, five partial skeletons that lack skulls and manus, and hundreds of isolated postcranial remains.A large diplodocid reaching lengths of up to . It was one of the most abundant sauropods in the area.D. hallorumNew Mexico, Wyoming and Utah, Brushy Basin and Salt Wash membersAt least 4 partial postcranial skeletonsOnce classified as Seismosaurus.D. lacustrisColorado, Brushy Basin memberKnown from teeth and skull remains, the latter now referred to Camarasaurus. Teeth cannot be referred beyond Flagellicaudata.D. longusColorado, Brushy Basin memberSeveral caudal vertebrae.GaleamopusG. hayiWyoming, Brushy Basin memberKnown from a partial skeleton and braincase.G. pabstiColorado and Wyoming, Brushy Basin memberA skull and partial postcranial skeleton, another individual known from partial skull.KaatedocusTschopp, E.; Mateus, O. V. (2013). "The skull and neck of a new flagellicaudatan sauropod from the Morrison Formation and its implication for the evolution and ontogeny of diplodocid dinosaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: 1.  editK. siberiWyoming, Salt Wash memberSkull and cervical vertebrae.ParabrontopodusSaurophaganaxS. maximusOklahoma, Brushy Basin memberSeveral partial postcranial skeletons.Historically considered to be an allosaurid close to or a species of Allosaurus, but re-evaluated as a dubious, chimeric genus of saurischian, likely a diplodocid sauropod.SupersaurusS. vivianaeColorado and Wyoming, Brushy Basin memberKnown from several partial postcranial skeletons.A large diplodocid about  in length

 Macronarians 
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesBrachiosaurusB. altithoraxColorado, Brushy Basin and Salt Wash membersSeveral partial skeletons and a partial skull.A large brachiosaurid about  long.center|thumb|Brachiosaurus altithorax
Theropod dinosaurs, dinosaur masu cin nama, sun zo cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Ƙananan nau'ikan da aka samo, da ceratosaurs da megalosaurids, sun haɗa da Ceratosaurus nasicornis, C. dentisulcatus, C. magnicornis, da megalosaur Torvosaurus tanneri (ciki har da Edmarka rex ). Allosaurids sun haɗa da na kowa Allosaurus fragilis (ciki har da Epanterias amplxus ), A. jimmadseni da A. anax (wanda ake magana da shi Saurophaganax maximus ).

An dawo da ragowar abubuwan da ba a tantance ba a Utah, tare da ragowar ceratosaur mara iyaka da aka yi la'akari da shi zuwa ga Elaphrosaurus da aka gano a Colorado. An dawo da waƙoƙin da ba a tantance ba daga Utah da Arizona. 

 Allosauroidea 
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesAllosaurusA. fragilisColorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member"At least [three] complete skulls, many partial skulls and skull elements, many partial and complete skeletons representing at least 60 individuals." It was the most common large carnivore in the area.center|thumb|Allosaurus fragilisA. jimmadseniWyoming and Utah, Brushy Basin and Salt Wash membersAt least 15 specimens, including several skulls.A. anaxDanison, Andrew; Wedel, Mathew; Barta, Daniel; Woodward, Holly; Flora, Holley; Lee, Andrew; Snively, Eric (2024-12-21). "Chimerism in specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 12. doi:10.18435/vamp29404. ISSN 2292-1389.Oklahoma, Kenton MemberPostorbital and partial postcranial materialAntrodemusA. valensColoradoHalf of a proximal caudal centrumConsidered dubious due to fragmentary remains.CreosaurusC. atroxWyoming, Brushy Basin memberA fragmentary skull and assorted postcrania.Considered a junior synonym of Allosaurus.EpanteriasE. amplexusColorado, Brushy Basin memberSeveral fragmentary postcranial elements of 2 individuals, possible additional remains known from Wyoming.Considered dubious due to fragmentary remains.LabrosaurusL. lucarisWyoming, Brushy Basin memberA fragmentary skull and several postcranial elements.Junior synonym of A. fragilis.L. feroxWyoming, Brushy Basin memberA partial skull, dentaries, and fragmentary postcrania.Known from one specimen with several pathologies. Today considered a junior synonym of A. fragilis.
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesCeratosaurusC. dentisulcatusUtah"Partial skull, vertebrae, [and] limb elements."Large ceratosaurs grew to lengths of about  in length with large nasal horns on their snouts as well as two smaller horns above the eyes.center|thumb|Ceratosaurus nasicornis

 Coelurosaurs 
Coelurosaurs, ƙungiyar theropods mafi kusanci da kuma ciki har da tsuntsaye, sun haɗa da Coelurus fragilis, Ornitholestes hermanni, Tanycolagreus topwilsoni, mai yiwuwa troodontid Koparion douglassi, tabbataccen troodontid Hesperornithoides, da kuma farkon tyraclevesoroidi .
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImagesCoelurusC. fragilisUtah and Wyoming, Brushy Basin memberA partial skeleton in several syntypes and several fragmentary referred specimens.A basal coelurosaurian about  long. center|thumb|Coelurus fragilis

 Megalosauroids 

Halitta Nau'o'i Locality Kayan abu Bayanan kula Hotuna Edmarka  E. rex  Wyoming  Yiwuwa ƙaramin ma'ana na Torvosaurus tanneri . Marshosaurus  M. bicentesimus  Colorado da Utah   Bangaren kwarangwal, gami da wani yanki na kwanyar.  Matsakaicin girman piatnitzkysaurid megalosauroid kimanin  a tsayi.center|thumb|200x200px| Marshosaurus bicentesimus Torvosaurus  T. tanneri  Colorado, Utah da Wyoming, Brushy Basin memba    "Kwayoyin kwarangwal na aƙalla [uku] mutane."  Babban megalosaurid mai ƙarfi yana kaiwa tsayin har zuwa  .  Daya daga cikin manya-manyan namun daji na samuwar.center|thumb|200x200px| Torvosaurus tanneri

 Qwai 
An samo ƙwai na Dinosaur a Utah. 

 Waƙoƙi 

 Ornithopods 
Morrison ornithopod burbushin burbushin halittu ana wakilta su da waƙoƙin ƙafafu uku waɗanda gabaɗaya ƙanana ne.  Yatsun waƙoƙin Morrison ornithopod yawanci sun fi yadu fiye da waƙoƙin da aka adana a cikin samuwar. 

 Stegosaurs 
An fara gane waƙoƙin Stegosaur a cikin 1996 daga hanyar bin diddigi-kawai da aka gano a cikin tashar Cleveland-Lloyd, wanda ke kusa da Price, Utah.  Bayan shekaru biyu, an gina sabon ichnogenus mai suna Stegopodus don wani saitin waƙoƙin stegosaur waɗanda aka samo kusa da Arches National Park, kuma a Utah.  Ba kamar na farko ba, wannan titin yana adana alamun ƙafafu. Kasusuwan burbushin halittu suna nuna cewa stegosaurs suna da lambobi biyar akan ƙafar ƙafa da kuma lambobi masu ɗaukar nauyi uku akan ƙafar baya.  Daga wannan, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar yin hasashen bayyanar waƙoƙin stegosaur a cikin 1990, shekaru shida kafin farkon gano ainihin waƙoƙin Morrison stegosaur.  Tun lokacin da aka kafa Stegopodus, an sami ƙarin hanyoyin hanya, duk da haka babu wanda ya adana alamun ƙafafu na gaba, kuma alamun stegosaur ya kasance da wuya. 

 Theropods 
An dawo da waƙoƙin da ba a tantance ba daga Utah da Arizona. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba