Yankunan yanayi ta tsawo

Yanayin yanayi da ilimin halittu na wurare daban-daban na duniya sun rabu da kansu zuwa yankunan rayuwa, ya danganta da tsayi, latitude, da wuri.  Gabaɗaya dogaro mai ƙarfi akan ɗagawa ana sanshi da tsayayyen yanki: matsakaicin zafin jiki yana raguwa yayin da tsayin ya ƙaru.

Sakamakon tsawo ya dogara da kimiyyar yanayi. Koyaya, takamaiman yanayi da yanayin muhalli na kowane wuri ya dogara da takamaiman fasalulluka na wannan wuri. Wannan labarin yana ba da jerin yankuna na rayuwa ta yanki, don kwatanta fasalulluka na yankuna na duniya.

 Tsakiyar Turai: Switzerland da Jamus 

 Yankin Planar, a ƙarƙashin 300 m (Eastern Alps), a ƙarƙashin 150 m (Central Uplands), noma.
 Yankin tudun, 300 - 800 m (Eastern Alps), 150 - 300 m (Central Uplands), iyakar itacen oak (Quercus spp.). Beech na Turai (Fagus sylvatica), itacen oak na Sessile (Quercus petraea), itacen pedunculate ko itacen oaki na Turanci (Quercus robur), Turai ko na yau da kullun (Carpinus betulus) da ƙananan Lime (Tilia cordata). Ƙayyadadden amfanin inabi (Vitis spp.), kusan 600 m, Switzerland, Arewa, tuddai masu fuskantar kudu, an kiyasta 7.5 ° C. Amfanin gona: masara don abinci; masara mai zaki (Zea mays). 
 Yankin Submontane, 700 - 1,000 m (Eastern Alps), 300 - 450 m (Central Uplands), European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver Fir ko European Silver Fir (Abies alba) da Norway Spruce (Picea abies). Kudancin gandun daji ta hanyar sake dasa bishiyoyi yana da iyaka a kusa da 800 m, Arewa.
 Yankin Montane, 800 - 1,200 m (Eastern Alps), 450 - 650 m (Central Uplands), iyakar amfanin gona (Secale cereale) da iyakar ambaliyar alkama (Triticum spp.) 
 Yankin Tsakiyar Dutsen, 1,000 - 1,400 m (Eastern Alps), 650 - 800 m (Central Uplands). Ƙayyadadden yankunan da ke cikin shekara, iyakar Lokacin girma na kwanaki 100.
 Yankin Altimontane, 1,300 - 1,850 m (Eastern Alps), 800 - 1,500 m (Central Uplands). Ƙayyadadden gandun daji, Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) da European Beech (Fagus sylvatica).
 Yankin Subalpine, 1,500 - 2,500 m (Eastern Alps), sama da 1,500 m (Central Uplands), Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway Spruce (Picea abies), Swiss Pine (Pinus cembra, Arve ko Zirbel) iyaka da European Larch (Larix decidua) iyaka, 2,000 m, wasu samfurori har zuwa 2,850 m, tuddai masu fuskantar kudu. Layin itace da yankin Krummholz ko ecotone (bishiyoyi masu tasowa), Sub-alpine meadow da Yanayin Alpine.
 Yankin Alpine, 2,000 - 3,000 m (Eastern Alps), wuraren ciyawa na Montane da wuraren shrub. Mountain Pine ko Mugo Pine (Pinus mugo) iyaka. Alpine meadows kawai amfani a lokacin zafi.
 Yankin dusar ƙanƙara, sama da 3,000 m (Eastern Alps), hamada ta alpine, permafrost, Scree da kuma sama da layin dusar ƙara.

 Bahar Rum: Corsica 


 Thermomediterranean ciyayi bel, 150 m (kudu) da kuma 100 m (arewa);  shrub na Pistacia lentiscus da m Mediterranean Coastal scrub (maquis) tare da Quercus ilex, Phillyrea, Myrtu kwaminis da zaitun daji (Olea europea var. sylvestris). Belin ciyayi na Mesomediterranean, har zuwa mita 700 ( gangaren arewa) da 900 m ( gangaren kudu);  Erica arborea, Arbutus unedo da Quercus ilex.  Dazuzzuka sun haɗa da Quercus suber, Pinus pinaster, Quercus pubescens da Castanea sativa kuma.  Supramediterranean ciyayi bel, 500- 700 m har zuwa 900- 1,000 m (arewa gangara), ko 800- 1,000 m zuwa 1,200- 1,350 m (kudu gangara);  Erica arborea, Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea, Pinus nigra ssp.  laricio, Alnus cordata, Ilex aquifolium, Taxus baccata da Ostrya carpinifolia.  Belin ciyayi na Montane, 900- 1,000 m zuwa 1,600 m ( gangaren arewa) da 1,300 zuwa 1,800 m (kudu gangara);  gandun daji na Pinus nigra ssp.  laricio, Fagus sylvatica dan Abies alba.  Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Pinus pinaster, Castanea sativa da Erica arborea ba su sake fitowa ba.  Cryo-oromediterranean bel ciyayi, 1,700- 1,800 m zuwa 2,200 m (kawai gangaren kudu);  saman layin Bishiyar na sama (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio ya kai mita 1,800), dodanni bushes na Genista lobelii var.  lobelioides, Astragalus sirinicus ssp.  genargenteus, Anthyllis hemanniae, Thymus herbabarona, Berberis aetnensis da Juniperus communis ssp.  alpina.  Subalpine ciyayi bel, 1,400- 1,600 m zuwa 2,100 m (kawai gangaren arewa);  Alnus viridis ssp.  suaveolens, Acer pseudoplatanus, Sorbus aucuparia ssp.  praemsar.  Belin ciyayi mai tsayi, sama da 2,100 m;  ƙananan ciyayi.  Tsire-tsire masu nuni: Rock Speedwell (Veronica fruticans), Potentilla crassinervia, Armeria pusilla, Cerastium thomasii, Phyteuma serratum, Stachys corsica da Helichrysum

 Yankin Andes na wurare masu zafi 10 ° S 
 Classic Version - Yankunan Yankin Amazon

 Matsayin teku, 22 zuwa 24  , amma sanyi Humboldt Current yana haifar da hazo.
 Tierra caliente (Ƙasa mai tsawo) har zuwa 750-1,000  .
 Tierra templada (Ƙasar da ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayi) har zuwa 1,850-2,000  . Watan da ya fi zafi yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa da  ° C (72 ° F).
 Ƙasa mai sanyi (Ƙasa mai sanyi) ƙasa da  m (11,800 . Watan da ya fi zafi yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa da  ° C (64 ° F).
 Tierra helada (ƙasa mai sanyi) sama da  m (11,800 . layin itace yana faruwa ne lokacin da watan da ya fi zafi yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa da  ° C (50 ° F).
 Tierra Nevada, sama da layin Snow a 4,500-5,500  .

 Kilimanjaro 
Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (3°7′0′′S 37°35′0′′E / 3.11667°S 37.58333°E / -3.11667; 37.58333. (Kilimanjaro)) & Dutsen Kenya, Kenya, (0°9′0′′ S 37°18′0′′ E / 0.15000°S 37.30000°E / .

 Malindi; Kenya; 23 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 26.5 °C; matsakaitan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 1'095 mm; 3°14′0′′S 40°6′0′′E / 3.23333°S 40.10000°E / -3.23333; 40.10000 (Malindi)   
 Kilimanjaro Base a kusa da 1,300, amfanin gona a kusa da1,300 - 1,800 m (West Slope ya bushe sosai): Kofi (Coffea arabica), Banana (Musa spp.), Mango (Mangifera indica), Avocado (Persea americana). Aikin noma na gargajiya yana amfani da tsarin multilayer don adana ruwa: Bananas suna ƙarƙashin inuwa na itatuwan mango, itatuwan avocado da Albizia schimperiana var. amaniensis, bishiyoyin kofi da kayan lambu suna ƙarƙashin inuwa na ayaba;  
 Filin jirgin saman Nairobi; Kenya; 1,624 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 19.0 ° C; matsakaitan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 889 mm; 01°19′09′′S 36°55′39′′E / 1.31917°S 36.92750°E / -1.31917; 36.9275 (Farin jirgin saman Nairobi)   
 Kudancin gandun daji mai laushi, tsakanin 1,400 da 3,000  , max. 3,300 m. Yankin Bamboo yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, ya ɓace a Kilimanjaro saboda aikin gona;
 dazuzzukan katako, lichen "gemu na awaki" (Usnea spp.), tsakanin 3,000 da 3,500  ;
 Layin itace, 2,700-3,000  , max. 3,500 m (Coniferae ba su nan);
 Heathland da chaparral, tsakanin 3,200 da 3,800  . Giant Lobelias, har zuwa ca. 4,000 m; dazuzzuka na Subalpine tare da Ericaceae har zuwa 4,100 m (kamar tsayi 10 m);
 Yankin Afro-alpine, sama da kimanin  m (12,500 , manyan filayen har zuwa 4,500 m;
 Yankin Nival, yawanci sama da  m (14,800 .
 Vulcano Kibo - Uhuru Peak, 5,895 m dutse da kankara. Kamar yadda conifers ba su nan, layin itace ya fi ƙasa.

A cikin tsawo tsakanin  da 4,500   ana iya samun wasu daga cikin misalai masu tsananin daidaitawa. A tsawo a ƙasa da 3,400 m (11,200 ft) sauye-sauyen zafin jiki na yau da kullun ba su da tsananin gaske, matsakaicin zafin jiki ya karu, kuma siffofin girma da muhalli na Dendroseneic suna nuna karuwar tasirin abubuwan rayuwa (kamar gasa don haske) akan abubuwan abiotic (kamar sanyi na dare). 

 Dutsen Snow na Jade Dragon 
Dutsen Jade Dragon Snow yana dauke da kankara mafi kusa da Equator a Arewacin Hemisphere. Ana iya isa ga alamun 4,506 m da 4,680 m a ƙarshen kankara ta hanyar motar kebul daga Ganhaizi (Tibetan don tafkin bushe, ciyawa tare da conifers a 3,400 m). Yankin hamada ya fara ne a kusa da 4,000 m. Koguna Uku na Yunnan (UNESCO World Heritage Site) ya ƙunshi yankunan ruwa na kogin Yangtze (Jinsha), Mekong (Lan Cang) da Salween (Nujiang) kuma shine haɗin gwiwar Yankin Palearctic da yankin Indomalayan. 

 Shanzidou Peak;   ; 27°05′54′′N 100°10′30′′E / 27.09833°N 100.17500°E / 27.09.833; 100.17500 (Shanzidou) 
 Yunnan" id="mwAZI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lijiang, Yunnan">Lijiang; Yunnan yana da 2,600 m, Black Dragon Pool yana da kilomita 15 kudu da duwatsu; 26°52′34′′N 100°13′48′′E / 26.87611°N 100.23000°E / 26.67611; 100.23000 (Lijiang)   
 Quambo / Changdu; 3,306 m; yawan zafin shekara-shekara 7.5 ° C; yawan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 463 mm; 31°09′00′′N 97°10′00′′E / 31.15000°N 97.16667°E / 31.19000; 97.16567 (Changdu)    
 Sichuan Xichang; 1,591 m; yawan zafin shekara-shekara 16.9 °C; yawan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 974 mm; 27°54′00′′N 102°16′00′′E / 27.90000°N 102.26667°E / 27. 90000; 102.2666667 (Sichuan Xichang)    
 Filin jirgin saman Taiwan; 48 m; yawan zafin shekara-shekara 21.6 °C; yawan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 1,714 mm; 25°04′35′′N 121°13′26′′E / 25.07639°N 121.22389°E / 25.739; 121.22289 (Farin jirgin saman Taiwan)    
 Filin jirgin saman Haikou, Hainan; 15 m; yawan zafin shekara-shekara 23.9 ° C; yawan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 1.613 mm; 20°01′04′′N 110°20′01′′E / 20.01778°N 110.33361°E / 20. 01778; 110.3333361 (Ferfin jirgin saman Haiki)    
 Hanoi; 15 m; yawan zafin shekara-shekara 23.8 °C; yawan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 1,682 mm; 21°02′00′′N 105°51′00′′E / 21.03333°N 105.85000°E / 21. 03333; 105.85 000 (Hanoi)     

 Jirgin kasa na Chihuahua zuwa Pacific 

 Mazatlán; 4 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 24.3 °C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 860 mm, 23°12′0′′N 106°25′0′′W / 23.20000°N 106.41667°W / 23.-20000; -106.416 67 (Mazatlán)   
 Birnin Los Mochis, Sinaloa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Topolobampo; matakin teku
 Tashi har zuwa  m (7,900  sama da matakin teku kusa da rarraba nahiyar (Divisadero) 
 Chihuahua (Ferrocarril Chihuahua al Pacífico), Chihuahua; 1,435 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 18.4 ° C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 368 mm, 28°38′0′′N 106°05′0′′W / 28.6333333°N 106.08333°W / 28. 63333; -106.0833333 (Chihuahua)   

 Jirgin kasa na Darjeeling Himalayan 

 Dhaka, Bangladesh; 9 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 25.6 °C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 2.039 mm, 23°46′0′′N 90°23′0′′E / 23.76667°N 90.38333°E / 23.66667; 90.3833333 (Dacca)   
 Kolkata, West Bengal; 6 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 26.9 °C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 1.739 mm, 22°32′0′′N 88°20′0′′E / 22.5333333°N 88.333°E / 22. 53333; 88.33333 (Calcutta)   
 Rangpur, Bangladesh; 34 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 24.2 ° C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 2,309.5 mm, 25°34′N 89°15′E / 25.56°N 89.25°E / 25.56; 89.25 (Rangpur)   
 Siliguri, West Bengal; 122 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara shine 23.7 ° C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 3,340 mm, 26°42′36′′N 88°25′48′′E / 26.71000°N 88.43000 ° E / 26.71 000; 88.43000 (Siliguri)   
 Cherrapunji, Meghalaya; 1,313m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 17.3 °C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 11,777 mm, 25°15′0′′N 91°44′0′′E / 25.25000°N 91.73333°E / 25.25.000; 91.73033 (Cpunherraji)   
 Darjeeling (Darjeeling Himalayan Railway), West Bengal; 2,127 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 11.8 ° C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 3,037 mm, 27°3′0′′N 88°16′0′′E / 27.05000°N 88.26667°E / 27.05.000; 88.266 67 (Darjeelling)    

 Sauran yankuna 

 Yankunan rayuwa na Arewacin Cascades a cikin Pacific Arewa maso Yammacin Amurka
 Yankunan rayuwa na Sierra Nevada a California

 Bayani 
.

 Bayanan da aka ambata