'Yancin Dan Adam a Guatemala

Hakkin Dan Adam wani lamari ne a Guatemala. An Kafa Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan rashin hukunci a Guatemala ta taimaka wa Babban Lauyan gurfanar da kisan kai da cin hanci da rashawa. Har ila yau, ba a hukunta masu cin zarafi ba ga masu cin zarafin daga Yaƙin basasar Guatemala, wanda ya gudana daga 1960 zuwa 1996, kuma Human Rights Watch ta ɗauki barazanar da tashin hankali ga 'yan kungiyar kwadago, 'yan jarida da lauyoyi babbar damuwa.

An dakatar da shari'ar tsoffin mambobin Sojoji guda takwas a kan tuhume-tuhumen da suka shafi bacewar mutane 130 wadanda aka gano jikinsu daga cikin 550 a wani tushe da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke gudanarwa yanzu da ake kira CREOMPAZ tun lokacin da ya fara a 2016 saboda tsoratar da shaidu, da sauran dalilai.

 Tarihi 
Bayan yakin basasa da ke gudana wanda ya dauki sama da shekaru 36 a Guatemala, kasar ta fara sauyawa zuwa ƙasa mai zaman kanta da kafa dimokuradiyya. Koyaya, ana ba da gwamnatin siyasa ta hanyar soja, inda suka fara mamaye iko a kan ƙasar. Da yake an ce, bayan yakin basasa, cin hanci da rashawa ya fara bayyana a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma a ƙarshe ya mamaye duk ƙasar cikin laifuka da rikici. A cikin 2013, yawan aikata laifuka ya karu zuwa inda aka kashe kusan mutane 6,000 a kowace shekara a Guatemala. Wadannan kisan gilla sun hada da mutuwar mata da yara. Ba tare da ambaton ba, kungiyoyin mata da kungiyoyi sun fara gwagwarmaya don hakkinsu da tsaro bayan shekaru da yawa da aka yi shiru. Sauran mummunan girma sun haɗa da nuna bambanci ga kungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙarancin lalata na ƙungiyoyi, da kuma cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan adam ga mutanen Guatemala. Yayinda Guatemala ke gwagwarmaya don kawo karshen cin hanci da rashawa, akwai manyan jami'an gwamnati da yawa da ke da hannu a cikin aikata laifuka. Wannan ya haifar da kusan kashi 2% kawai na laifukan tashin hankali da ke zuwa shari'a. A cikin 2015, Shugaba Otto Pérez Molina, Mataimakin Shugaba Roxana Baldetti, da sauran manyan jami'ai sun rasa ikonsu kuma an gurfanar da su saboda shiga cikin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam.  An yanke Montt hukunci kan zargin kisan kare dangi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 80-85 a kurkuku amma nan da nan aka juya wannan bayan kwanaki 10. A lokacin shari'arsa ta biyu Efrain Rios Montt ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2018, yana da shekaru 91.  

 Rashin adalci a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar (Maya) 
Bayan yakin basasa, nuna bambanci ya zama abin da ya faru da al'ummomin asali kamar Maya. Bayan yakin, al'ummar Maya sun sake yin gwagwarmaya da suke fada suna neman tsaro, zama, da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ba tare da ambaton ba, damar da suke samu ga ilimi, aiki, da ababen more rayuwa yana da iyaka sosai. Kula da lafiya muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce ta rayuwa, duk da haka, ga Mayans, wannan ba haka ba ne. Bayan yakin, al'ummar Maya sun kasance matalauta wanda ya haifar da mummunan sakamako na kiwon lafiya. A sakamakon haka, akwai kadan ko babu kiwon lafiya da aka bayar ga Mayans. Daga yakin basasa zuwa Guatemala na zamani, an bar al'ummomin Maya kadai saboda an cire su daga kasar da gwamnati, inda suke fama da nuna bambanci, wariyar launin fata, da tashin hankali na tsari.

 Jima'i 
An sami mata goma sha huɗu wadanda jami'an soja biyu suka yi musu fyade kuma an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. Jami'an biyu suna da tarihin aikata laifuka na baya, daya tare da kisan kai sau uku tare da mata uku ɗayan kuma yana da alhakin bacewar mijin ga mata da aka azabtar. Wannan yana daya daga cikin kisan mata da yawa da ke faruwa a Guatemala. Mata a Guatemala suna da haɗari sosai yayin da suke zama masu sauƙin kai ga kowane mutum mai iko, ko jami'an gwamnati ne, jami'an soja, ko fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Yayinda yawan mata ke ƙaruwa, yawan kisan kai ya karu sosai tare da mata masu shekaru 16-30 sune wadanda abin ya shafa. Bugu da kari, kundin tsarin mulkin kasar bai kare Hakkin LGBT ba kuma lissafin da aka gabatar a shekarar 2017 ya hana dalibai koyo game da wasu halaye na jima'i kuma ya hana auren jinsi ɗaya.

 Batutuwan Shari'a 
A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta kasa da kasa, tsarin shari'ar laifuka na Guatemala ne ke da laifi ga matalautan hakkin dan adam da Guatemala ke fuskanta.  Cerezo ya sanar da cewa zai zama alhakinsu.[1]  Ya kamata tsarin shari'ar laifuka na Guatemala ya yi aiki tare da kotun don hukunta wadanda ke keta hakkin bil'adama.  Koyaya, tsarin ba shine kawai wanda ke aiki don "tsabta" ƙasar ba.  Jama'a ma sun fara shiga tsakani, amma abin ya fi muni.  Sun dauki kalmar "tsaftacewa zamantakewa" zuwa wani matakin inda manyan matakan tashin hankali ke kasancewa a ko'ina a Guatemala tare da hare-haren masu kare hakkin bil'adama, cin zarafi ga mata, nuna bambanci ga al'ummomin asali.] Tare da tsarin da aka aiwatar don kare hakkin bil'adama a Guatemala batun wadannan hakkokin da ake ci gaba da kasancewa.  Wannan wani bangare ne saboda ba a horar da alkalan yadda ya kamata wanda zai iya shafar bincike ta hanyar haifar da rashin dogaro da su].  An kafa Hukumar Yaki da Laifin Laifi a Guatemala (CICIG) a cikin 2007 kuma tana aiki don wargaza cin hanci da rashawa a cikin ƙasar.[3]  Bayan binciken CICIG shugaban 2015, Cerezo ya karbi cin hanci daga baya aka kama shi.  Tauye hakkin dan adam na ci gaba da karuwa tare da mutanen Guatemala a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa saboda rashin kariya daga gwamnati.[  Sakamakon yawaitar cin zarafi, shaye-shayen miyagun kwayoyi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari tare da yawaitar sace-sacen mutane, safarar mutane, da aikata laifuka, wadanda ba a dakatar da su ba, sakamakon gurbacewar jami’an tsaron gwamnati da shugabannin al’umma ke tashi da samun madafun iko.

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2022, Alejandro Giammattei ya sake nada María Consuelo Porras a matsayin babban lauya, don yin aiki na wasu shekaru hudu. Wannan yanke shawara ya haifar da mummunar haɗari ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da mulkin doka a ƙasar. A farkon shekarunta a ofis, Porras ta lalata bincike kan cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin bil'adama, kuma ta kawo shari'ar aikata laifuka a kan 'yan jarida, alƙalai, da masu gabatar da kara.

 Magani 
An kafa kungiyar International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2005. Bayan shekaru na take hakkin dan Adam a Guatemala, jami'an gwamnati sun fara jagorantar kafa wata kungiya da za ta binciki yawancin lamuran da ba a warware su ba.  Bayan samun tallafin daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gwamnatin Guatemala ta kirkiro wata kungiya mai suna Commission of Investigation of Illegal Bodies and Clandestine Security Apparatuses (CICIACS).  Ƙirƙirar wannan ƙungiya ita ce yaƙi da duk wani nau'i na cin hanci da rashawa da laifuka da suka shafi ƙasar.[1]  Duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da cece-kuce a Guatemala, wanda ya haifar da ƙin yarda da shi saboda hukuncin ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin cin zarafi na wakilai na kundin tsarin mulki na musamman ga Ma'aikatar Jama'a.Bayan da aka hana gwamnatin Guatemala ta sake yin kwaskwarimar daftarin aiki da tsarin CICIACS don kawar da duk batutuwan da ba su dace ba da aka kawo hankalin su daga kotun tsarin mulki.  Bayan sun kammala sai suka sake gabatar da wannan shawara ga kotun kuma bayan bitar kotun tsarin mulki ta amince da shi.  Sun sake masa suna Hukumar Yaƙi da Laifin Laifi a Guatemala (CICIG).  Gwamnatin Guatemala da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun rattaba hannu a kan tsari a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2005.[3]  Duk da haka, Yarjejeniyar Kungiyar Kwadago ta kasa da kasa mai lamba 169 ta bai wa ‘yan asalin kasar ‘yancin amincewa ko kin amincewa da ayyukan raya albarkatun kasa da ka iya shafe su tunda suna zaune ne a yankunan karkara wadanda wani lokaci ke da sha’awa ga dimbin masu samar da ayyukan..