Yanayin ƙasar Greenland

Greenland tana tsakanin Tekun Arctic da Tekun Arewacin Atlantic, arewa maso gabashin Kanada da arewa maso yammacin Iceland. Yankin ya ƙunshi tsibirin Greenland - tsibirin mafi girma a duniya - da kuma wasu ƙananan tsibirai sama da ɗari (duba Jerin haruffa). Greenland tana da iyaka mai tsawon kilomita 1.2 (0.75  tare da Kanada a Tsibirin Hans .  Ƙananan jama'a suna ƙuntata a ƙananan ƙauyuka tare da wasu sassan bakin teku. Greenland tana da kankara ta biyu mafi girma a duniya.

Greenland yana zaune a saman farantin Greenland, wani sashi na Farantin Arewacin Amurka. craton na Greenland ya ƙunshi wasu daga cikin tsofaffin duwatsu a fuskar duniya. Yankin dutse mai laushi na Isua a kudu maso yammacin Greenland ya ƙunshi tsofaffin duwatsu da aka sani a Duniya, wanda aka rubuta a shekaru biliyan 3.7-3.8.

Shuke-shuke gabaɗaya ba su da yawa, tare da kawai yanki na gandun daji da aka samu a cikin Nanortalik Municipality a cikin matsanancin kudu kusa da Cape Farewell.

Sauyin yanayi yana daga Arctic zuwa subctic, tare da lokacin rani mai sanyi da lokacin sanyi.  Ƙasar galibi shimfida ce amma sannu a hankali magudanar ƙanƙara wadda ta mamaye duk ƙasa sai ga ƙunci, tsaunuka, baƙaƙe, bakin teku.  Mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci shine matakin teku kuma mafi girma shine koli na Gunnbjørn Fjeld, mafi girman matsayi a cikin Arctic a mita 3,694 (12,119 ft).  Yankin arewacin tsibirin Greenland shine Cape Morris Jesup, wanda Admiral Robert Peary ya gano a shekara ta 1900. Albarkatun kasa sun hada da zinc, gubar, baƙin ƙarfe, kwal, molybdenum, zinariya, platinum, uranium, makamashin ruwa da kifi.

 Yankin 
Jimlar yanki: 2,166,086 km2 

Yankin ƙasa: 2,166,086 km2 (410,449 km2 ba tare da kankara ba, 1,755,637 km2 an rufe shi da kankara)    

Da'awar teku:

Tekun yankin:

Yankin kamun kifi na musamman:

 Amfani da ƙasa 
Yankin noma: kusan 6%; ana amfani da wasu ƙasashe don shuka silage. Amfanin gona na dindindin: Kimanin 0% Sauran: 100% (2012 est.) 

Yawan jama'a ya kunshi kusan mazauna 56,000, daga cikinsu kimanin 18,000 suna zaune a babban birnin, Nuuk.

 Haɗarin Halitta 
Ci gaba da kankara ya rufe kashi 84% na ƙasar; sauran su ne permafrost.

 Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu 
Kare yanayin Arctic, Canjin yanayi, gurɓataccen jerin abinci, farauta mai yawa  na nau'in da ke cikin haɗari (walrus, polar bears, narwhal, beluga whale da tsuntsayen teku da yawa).

 Yanayi 
Yanayin Greenland yanayi ne na tundra a kan da kusa da gabar teku da kuma Yanayin kankara a yankunan cikin gida. Yawanci yana da gajeren lokaci, lokacin rani mai sanyi da kuma dogon lokaci, sanyi mai sanyi.

Due to Gulf Stream influences, Greenland's winter temperatures are very mild for its latitude. In Nuuk, the capital, average winter temperatures are only . In comparison, the average winter temperatures for Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada, are around . Conversely, summer temperatures are very low, with an average high around . This is too low to sustain trees, and the land is treeless tundra.

A kan kankara na Greenland, zafin jiki yana ƙasa da daskarewa a duk shekara,  kuma rikodin yanayin zafi ya kai dan kadan sama da daskyawa. Rubuce-rubucen zafin jiki a sansanin Summit shine  ° C (36.0 ° F). 

A kudancin Greenland, akwai karamin gandun daji a cikin Kwarin Qinngua, saboda yanayin zafi na lokacin rani bai isa ya ci gaba da bishiyoyi ba. Akwai duwatsu sama da mita 1,500 (4,900  da ke kewaye da kwarin, wanda ke kare shi daga sanyi, iska mai sauri da ke tafiya a fadin kankara. Ita ce kawai gandun daji na halitta a Greenland, amma tana da tsawon kilomita 15 (9.3 .

 Canjin yanayi 
Yankin kankara na Greenland yana da nisan kilomita 3 (1.9  kuma yana da faɗi sosai don rufe yankin da girman Mexico. Ginin yana da yawa sosai cewa nauyinsa yana matsawa dutsen Greenland a ƙasa da matakin teku kuma yana da ɓoyewa sosai har zuwa kwanan nan masana kimiyya sun gano Grand Canyon na Greenland ko yiwuwar cewa Greenland na iya zama tsibirai uku.

Idan kankara ta narke, dutsen da ke ciki a ƙasa da matakin teku zai rufe da ruwa. Ba a bayyana ko wannan ruwa zai kasance a matakin teku ko tafkin sama da matakin teku ba. Idan zai kasance a matakin teku zai iya haɗawa da teku a Ilulissat Icefjord, a Baffin Bay da kusa da Nordostrundingen, ƙirƙirar manyan tsibirai uku. Amma mai yiwuwa ne cewa zai zama tafki tare da magudanar ruwa guda ɗaya.

An yi tunanin cewa kafin Ice Age na ƙarshe, Greenland yana da gefen tsaunuka da kuma cibiyar ƙasa (kuma mai yiwuwa bushewa sosai) wanda ya kwarara zuwa teku ta hanyar babban kogi daya da ke gudana zuwa yamma, ya wuce inda Tsibirin Disko yake yanzu.

Akwai damuwa game da hawan matakin teku sakamakon asarar kankara (narkewa da glaciers da ke faɗowa cikin teku) akan Greenland.  Tsakanin 1997 da 2003 asarar kankara ya kasance 68-92 km3/a (16–22 cu mi/a), idan aka kwatanta da kusan 60 km3/a (14 cu mi/a) na 1993/4-1998/9.  Rabin karuwar ya kasance daga mafi girma narkewar lokacin rani, tare da sauran sakamakon motsin wasu glaciers ya wuce saurin da ake buƙata don daidaita tarin dusar ƙanƙara.[1]  Cikakkiyar asarar kankara a Greenland zai haifar da hawan tekun da ya kai mita 6.40 (21.0 ft).

Masu bincike a NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory da Jami'ar Kansas sun ruwaito a watan Fabrairun 2006 cewa dusar ƙanƙara tana narkewa sau biyu da sauri fiye da shekaru biyar da suka gabata.  A shekara ta 2005, Greenland ta fara rasa ƙarar ƙanƙara fiye da wanda ake tsammani - asarar shekara-shekara har zuwa mil 52 cubic mil ko kilomita 217 a kowace shekara, bisa ga ƙarin ma'aunin nauyi na tauraron dan adam da JPL ya fitar.  Ƙarar asarar ƙanƙara na iya zama wani ɓangare ta hanyar karuwar dusar ƙanƙara saboda yawan hazo.

Tsakanin 1991 da 2006, saka idanu kan yanayi a wuri daya (Swiss Camp) ya gano cewa matsakaicin zafin hunturu ya tashi kusan  ° F  ° C).

Kwanan nan, manyan kankara guda uku na Greenland sun fara motsawa da sauri, bayanan tauraron dan adam. Waɗannan su ne Jacobshavn Isbræ a Ilulissat (Jacobshavn) a gefen yammacin Greenland, da Kangerdlugssuaq da Helheim glaciers a gefen gabashin Greenland. Biyu na ƙarshe sun hanzarta sosai a cikin shekarun 2004-2005, amma sun koma saurin kafin 2004 a cikin 2006.  Hawan kankara ya kasance tare da karuwar ayyukan girgizar ƙasa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2006, masu bincike a Jami'ar Harvard da Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory a Jami'a ta Columbia sun ba da rahoton cewa kankara yanzu suna haifar da girgizar ƙasa har zuwa girman 5.0.

Komawar kankara na Greenland yana nuna tsibirai waɗanda aka yi zaton suna cikin ɓangaren ƙasar. A watan Satumbar 2005 Dennis Schmitt ya gano tsibirin kilomita 400 (644  a arewacin Arctic Circle a gabashin Greenland wanda ya ba shi suna Uunartoq Qeqertaq, Inuit don "tsibirin dumama".

 Tsinkaya na gaba 
A cikin Arctic, yanayin zafi yana tashi da sauri fiye da ko'ina a duniya.  Greenland tana asarar tan biliyan 200 na kankara a kowace shekara.  Bincike ya nuna cewa hakan na iya kara yawan hawan teku da santimita 30 a karshen karni.  Wadannan hasashe suna da yuwuwar canzawa kamar yadda bayanan tauraron dan adam ya fara ne kawai shekaru 40 da suka gabata.  Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne masu bincike su duba tsoffin hotunan glaciers kuma su kwatanta su da waɗanda aka ɗauka a yau don sanin makomar kankara ta Greenland.

 Yawan zafin jiki 

 Mafi girman yanayin zafi 
WataYanayin zafiRanarWurin da yakeJanairu29 Janairu 2003Nuuk, SermersooqFabrairu20 Fabrairu 2005Nanortailak, KujalleqMaris31 Maris 1975Narsarsuaq, KujalleqAfrilu26 ga Afrilu 2016Narsarsuaq, KujalleqMayu29 ga Mayu 2012Narsarsuaq, KujalleqYuni23 Yuni 1915Ivittuut, SermersooqYuli6 ga Yulin 2008Nuuk, SermersooqAgusta3 ga Agusta 1899Tasillaq, SermersooqSatumba2 ga Satumba 2010Nuuk, SermersooqOktoba5 ga Oktoba 2016Tasillaq, SermersooqNuwamba21 ga Nuwamba 2015Tasillaq, SermersooqDisamba21 ga Disamba 2001Narsarsuaq, Kujalleq

 Yanayin zafi mafi ƙasƙanci 
WataYanayin zafiRanarWurin da yakeJanairu9 ga Janairu 1954Arewacin Ice, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandFabrairu21 ga Fabrairu 2002Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandMaris20 Maris 1931Eismitte, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandAfrilu21 ga Afrilu 2011Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandMayu9 ga Mayu 2018Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandYuni1 ga Yuni 2011Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandYuli4 ga Yulin 2017Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandAgusta29 ga watan Agusta 2004Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandSatumba24 ga Satumba 2009Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandOktoba26 ga Oktoba 2018Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandNuwamba26 ga Nuwamba 2001Tashar sansanin Summit, Arewa maso gabashin GreenlandDisamba22 ga Disamba 1991Tashar Klinck, Arewa maso gabashin Greenland

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Yankin kankara da ke rufe Greenland ya bambanta sosai a tsawo a fadin ƙasar, yana tashi sosai tsakanin bakin teku a matakin teku da Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda tsaunuka suka kai mita 3,200 (10,500 .  Yankunan bakin teku suna da duwatsu kuma galibi babu ruwa tare da fjords. Ƙananan tsibirai da yawa sun bazu daga Tsakiya zuwa Kudancin gabar teku.

Dutsen tsaunuka na Greenland an rufe su ko kuma gaba ɗaya da kankara. Duwatsu mafi girma suna cikin Watkins Range, wanda ke gudana a gabar gabashin. Dutsen mafi girma a Greenland shine Gunnbjorn Fjeld tare da tsawo na mita 3,700 (12,139 . 

Masana kimiyya sun gano wani rami mai tasiri a yankin arewa maso yammacin Greenland, wanda aka binne a ƙarƙashin kankara. A girman da ya fi Washington, DC girma, shi ne rami na farko da aka samu a ƙarƙashin ɗaya daga cikin kankara na Duniya.

 Abubuwa masu tsanani 
Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Greenland, wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.

 Yankin Greenland 

 Yankin arewacin - Tsibirin Kaffeklubben (83°40'N) - ƙasar arewacin duniya. Har ila yau, akwai wasu sanduna masu canzawa waɗanda ke arewacin Kaffeklubben, mafi arewacin da aka taɓa samu shine 83-42.
 Yankin kudu - tsibirin da ba a san shi ba 2.3 km kudu da Cape Farewell, Tsibirin Egger (59 ° 44'N)  
 Yammacin Yamma - Nordvestø, Tsibirin Carey (73°10'W) 
 Yankin gabas - Nordostrundingen, Greenland (11°19'W) 
 Matsayi mafi girma - Gunnbjørn Fjeld, mita 3,694 (12,119  

 Babban yankin Greenland 

 Yankin arewacin - Cape Morris Jesup (83°39'N) 
 Yankin kudu - Peninsula kusa da Tasiusaq, Kujalleq (59°58'26.4"N) 
 Yammacin Yamma - Cape Alexander (73°08'W) 
 Yankin gabas - Nordostrundingen, Greenland (11°19'W) 
 Matsayi mafi girma - Gunnbjørn Fjeld, mita 3,694 (12,119 .

 Garuruwa 
Greenland tana da garuruwa 17 - ƙauyuka tare da mazauna sama da 500. Nuuk shine birni mafi girma - kuma babban birnin - tare da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan mutanen birane na ƙasar. Sisimiut tare da kimanin mazauna 5,500 shine birni na biyu mafi girma, yayin da Ilulissat shine lamba ta uku tare da kusan mazauna 5,000.


 Tarihin bincike 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba