Yancin kula

’Yancin ƙulla ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa radin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan bukatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙi amincewa da zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin haƙƙin mutum ya haɗu tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da/ko kare muradun gama gari.McBride, Jeremy (2005). Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, London: Hodder Arnold, p. 18 [ISBN missing] 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi duka haƙƙi ne na mutum ɗaya kuma haƙƙin gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labarin 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya Ta Kan Hakki da 'Yanci, da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da articles 20 da 23 na Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya da kuma labarin 22 na Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Siyasa. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan hakkoki.

Ana bayyana ’yancin yin tarayya ta hanyar ’yancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin ‘yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ko shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin mahawara, jam’iyyun siyasa, ko wata ƙungiya ko ƙungiya, gami da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, ƴan uwansu, da kulab ɗin wasanni kuma kada a tilasta musu shiga ƙungiyarUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 20, 2. Yana da alaƙa da 'yancin yin taro, musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da yanayin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da 'yancin yin taro.

Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama ma’aikaci. Hakanan an iyakance 'yancin yin tarayya bisa doka a wasu yanayi kamar dokar 'yancin ɗan adam, wanda a cikinsa an haramta wariya ga wasu azuzuwan da aka kayyade.Pilon, Roger (February 16, 2017). "Freedom of Association Takes Another Hit". www.cato.org. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

 Tarihi 
Gaba ɗaya 'yancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗauki mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya zama wajibi ga kowace al'umma ta dimokuradiyya. Domin ’yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin United Kingdom, an haramta duk nau'ikan "haɗin kai" da masu laifi, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har sai da Dokar Haɗawa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba ta Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da Criminal Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act 1875 cewa kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci gaba ɗaya sun zama ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyin dimokiraɗiyya na zamantakewa ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin Sozialistengesetze ("Ayyukan Socialist") a cikin 1878. Waɗannan sun ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata sun sake haramtawa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata na Fascist da ƙungiyoyin mulkin kama-karya na ƙasa na Hitler da ƙungiyoyin mulkin kama-karya na ƙasa waɗanda suka haɗa da tsarin gurguzu na ƙasa guda. Gwamnatin Jamus ce ke iko da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Jamus. A Yammacin Jamus bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa da aka ta da su cikin sauri da kuma garantin Grundgesetz na Jamus. A Amurka, kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware kungiyoyin kwadago, a lokuta daban-daban, a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakken 'yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya ƙarin cikas har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki.

Doka

Sanarwar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya

’Yancin haɗin gwiwa yana kunshe da Bayanin Duniya na Haƙƙin Dan Adam a cikin Mataki na ashirin da 20:

1. Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyin jama'a cikin lumana. 2. Ba za a tilasta wa kowa shiga ƙungiya ba.

-  Sanarwar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya, Mataki na ashirin da 20

Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci

Sashi na 2 na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali", yana cewa:

Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa:

...

d) 'yancin yin tarayya.

A karkashin shari'ar Kanada, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa yana da nau'i uku: 'yancin kafa' 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyi tare da wasu mutane, haƙƙin "haɓaka" don kiran sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare da "manufa" haƙƙin ciniki tare don kasancewa a kan kafa ɗaya tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi.Charterpedia – Section 2(d) – Freedom of association". Government of Canada Department of Justice. 1999-11-09. Retrieved 2022-01-10..

Yarjejeniyar Turai

Babban labarin: Mataki na 11 ECHR

Tsarin Mulkin Italiya

A Italiya an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: "The Italian Constitution" (PDF). Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.

Jama'a na da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyi cikin 'yanci kuma ba tare da izini ba game da abubuwan da dokar aikata laifuka ba ta hana su ba. Ƙungiyoyin sirri da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda, ko da a kaikaice, suna bin manufofin siyasa ta ƙungiyoyin da ke da halayen soja, za a haramta su.

 Manazarta