Yanayin ƙasar Guatemala

Guatemala tana da tsaunuka, ban da yankin kudu maso gabar teku da kuma ɗimbin tsaunukan arewa na sashen Petén.  Kasar tana a tsakiyar Amurka kuma tana iyaka da arewa da yamma da Mexico, zuwa gabas da Belize da gabar tekun Honduras, daga gabas da Honduras, kudu maso gabas da El Salvador, daga kudu kuma ta tekun Pacific.  Sarkunan tsaunuka guda biyu suna shiga Guatemala daga yamma zuwa gabas, suna raba ƙasar zuwa manyan yankuna uku: tuddai, inda tsaunuka suke;  bakin tekun Pacific, kudu da tsaunuka;  da dutsen farar ƙasa na yankin Petén, arewacin tsaunuka.  Waɗannan yankuna sun bambanta cikin yanayi, tsayi, da faɗin ƙasa, suna ba da bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki tsakanin wurare masu zafi da ɗanɗano mai zafi da kololuwar tsaunuka da kwaruruka.

 Yankuna 
Yankin kudu na tsaunukan yamma yana da alamar Saliyo Madre, wanda ya tashi daga kan iyakar Mexico kudanci da gabas, kuma ya ci gaba a ƙananan tudu zuwa El Salvador.  Sarkar dutsen tana da madaidaicin mazugi, gami da Dutsen Tajumulco 4,220 m ko 13,845 ft, wuri mafi girma a ƙasar da Amurka ta Tsakiya.  Dukkan tsaunuka 37 na Guatemala (3 daga cikinsu suna aiki: Pacaya, Santiaguito da Fuego), suna cikin wannan sarkar tsaunuka, kuma suna da yawa a cikin tsaunuka.

Tsawon tsaunuka na arewa yana farawa kusa da iyakar Mexico da kewayon Cuchumatanes, sannan ya shimfiɗa gabas ta cikin Chuacús da Chamá sierras, har zuwa Santa Cruz da Minas sierras, kusa da Tekun Caribbean.  Tsaunukan arewa da kudanci suna rarrabu ne da kwarin Motagua, inda kogin Motagua da magudanan ruwa ke malalowa daga tsaunukan tsaunuka zuwa cikin Caribbean ana iya kewayawa a ƙananan ƙarshensa, inda ya zama iyaka da Honduras.

Koguna suna da gajere kuma ba su da zurfi a cikin Pacific, babba kuma sun fi zurfi, kamar Polochic wanda ke gudana a cikin Tafkin Izabal, Río Dulce, Motagua da Sarstun wanda ke samar da iyaka tare da Belize a cikin Caribbean da Gulf of Mexico (Usumacinta, wanda ke samarwa tsakanin Chiapas, Mexico da Petén da masu goyon bayanta kamar La Pasión da San Pedro).

Yawancin manyan biranen suna cikin Highlands. Manyan birane sune babban Birnin Guatemala City, tsawo 1,500 m (Central Highlands), Antigua Guatemala, tsawo 1,530 m (Center Highlands) tsawo na Quetzaltenango 2,350 m (Western Highlands). Tafkin da ya fi girma Lago de Izabal (589.6 km2), yana kusa da gabar tekun Caribbean. Volcán Tajumulco, 4,220 m, mafi girma a Amurka ta tsakiya, yana cikin sashen yammacin San Marcos. 

Babban girgizar ƙasa ta ƙarshe ta kasance a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1976, inda ta kashe fiye da 23,000 a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya.

 Yanayi 
Yanayi yana da zafi da zafi a cikin Pacific da Petén Lowlands. Yana da matsakaici a cikin tsaunuka, zuwa sanyi mai sanyi a saman Cuchumatanes, da zafi / sanyi a cikin sassan gabas.

 Canjin yanayi 

 Bayanan ƙasa 

 Geographic coordinates


 Map references

 Central America and the Caribbean
 Area
 Total: 108,889 km2
 Land: 107,159 km2
 Land boundaries
 Total: 1,667 km
 Border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 199 km, Honduras 244 km, Mexico 958 km
 Coastline

 400 km
 Maritime claims
 Territorial sea: 
 Exclusive economic zone:  and 
 Continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
 Extreme points
 Northernmost point – border with Mexico, Petén Department
 Southernmost point – border with El Salvador, near Garita Chapina, Jutiapa Department
 Westernmost point – border with Mexico on Pacific coast, San Marcos Department
 Easternmost point – border with Honduras, Izabal Department
 Lowest point – Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea: 0 m
 Highest point – Volcán Tajumulco: 4,220 m
 Natural resources

 Petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
 Land use
 Arable land: 14.32%
 Permanent crops: 8.82%
 Other: 76.87% (2012 est.)
 Irrigated land

 3,121 km2 (2003)
 Total renewable water resources

 111.3 km3 (2011)
 Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
 total: 3.46 km3/yr (15%/31%/54%)
 per capita: 259.1 m3/yr (2006)
 Natural hazards

 Several active volcanoes, occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms, causing flooding, mudflows and landslides
 Environment—current issues

 Deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
 Environment—international agreements
 Party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution (MARPOL 73/78), Wetlands
 Signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
 Geography—note

 No natural harbors on west coast