Walter P. Carter

Walter Percival Carter (Afrilu 29, 1923 - Yuli 31, 1971) ɗan gwagwarmaya ne kuma ɗan tsakiya a Baltimore, Maryland a lokacin Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil'adama . Ya sami wannan nadi ta hanyar shirya zanga-zangar adawa da wariya a cikin Maryland .  Carter an fi saninsa da aikinsa a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Baltimore na Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) daga 1960 zuwa 1963 kuma a matsayin mai kula da Maryland na 1963 Maris a Washington. An ambaci sunan asibiti, makarantar firamare, wurin shakatawa, ɗakin karatu na kwaleji, da cibiyar kula da rana a Baltimore don tunawa da shi.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Carter ita ce ta bakwai cikin yara tara da Carrie P. da Walter Carter Sr. suka haifa a Monroe, North Carolina .  Ya sami digiri na farko daga Arewacin Carolina A&amp;T, inda ya shiga cikin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a, ƙungiyar muhawara, kuma ya zama memba na Jam'iyyar Progressive. Abokan aji yana son shi sosai kuma yana sha'awar basirarsa da kuma jin dadi. Carter ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin Ayyukan Jama'a (MSW) a Jami'ar Howard . Yayinda yake karatu a Howard, ya sadu da saurayi Stokely Carmichael kuma biyun sun zama abokai.

 Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama 
Carter ya kasance tsohon soja na yakin duniya na biyu . Ya jagoranci rajistar masu jefa kuri'a a Kudu. A matsayinsa na shugaban reshe na gida na Congress of Racial Equality,  ya taimaka wajen shirya 1960 Freedom Rides zuwa Gabashin Maryland, Gwynn Oak Park, Howard Johnson Chain, da sauran wuraren cin abinci tare da Hanyar 40, 1, 150, da 50; gine-ginen gidaje, otal-otal, da sauran masauki na jama'a a ko'ina cikin Maryland. A shekara ta 1963, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Maryland na Maris a Washington kuma, a shekarar 1965, ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Tarayya tare da mutane sama da 3,000 da ke nuna rashin amincewa da wariyar gidaje.

A cikin 1963, Carter ya kirkiro Gidauniyar William L. Moore, don ɗan'uwan CORE mai fafutuka da Baltimorean William L. More. Moore yana tafiya zuwa gidan Gwamnan jihar Alabama don isar da wasika. Yayinda yake fara wannan tafiya a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1963, a Gadsden, Alabama, an harbe Moore kuma an kashe shi. Wani direban mota ne ya gano jikinsa. Wasikar da Moore ya yi niyyar bayarwa ga Gwamna daga baya an gano ta amma ba a ba da ita ga Gwamnan Alabama ba.

A cikin 1966, Carter da wasu mambobi biyar na CORE sun kafa masu fafutuka don gidaje masu kyau, daga baya aka taƙaita zuwa masu fafutukar, Inc. A wannan shekarar, an tilasta wa kungiyar masu mallakar Apartment House Association of Maryland ta buɗe wurare ga kowa. A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Carter ya shawo kan Community Chest, wanda yanzu aka sani da United Way of Central Maryland, don tallafawa kungiyoyin jama'a tare da masu jefa kuri'a na Afirka, kamar Echo House .  Carter ya nuna rashin amincewa da gidaje masu rarrabewa da yanayin rayuwa mara kyau da 'yan Afirka na Afirka suka fuskanta a Baltimore a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da kuma cikin shekarun 1960. Ya shirya zanga-zangar zanga-zambe, sau da yawa yana ɗaukar yaƙi zuwa gidajen fararen masu mallakar gidaje masu rarrabe.

Magajin garin Thomas L. J. D'Alesandro III ne ya nada Carter, don jagorantar Hukumar Ayyukan Jama'a (CAA). Amma Majalisar Birnin Baltimore ta kada kuri'a 10-8 a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1968, don kada ta tabbatar da nadin Carter. A cewar labaran labarai, William Donald Schaefer ya koka cewa Carter ya kasance "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi sosai", kuma zai matsawa hukumar gaba a saurin da birnin bai riga ya shirya ba. Saboda kin amincewar Carter, 12 daga cikin mambobi 21 na Kwamitin Ayyukan Al'umma, da manyan mambobi uku na Urban Coalition ciki har da Parren J. Mitchell sun yi murabus daga matsayinsu don nuna rashin amincewa da kin amincewar zaben Carter.

 Mutuwa da gado 
Carter ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1971, yayin da yake ba da rahoto ga Black United Front, hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama "mai fafutuka" da "mai matsakaici", a Cocin Union Baptist na Rev. Vernon Dobson a Baltimore. Ranar da ta gabata, Carter ya lashe yakin kotu da Morris Goldseker. Goldseker ya nemi izini a kan Carter, wanda ke yin zanga-zanga kuma yana jagorantar zanga-zangar a waje da ofishin Goldseker, yana kira ga shi ya "Stop the Black Tax", yana mai da hankali ga kudaden da aka caje a cikin makircin haya-da-mallaka a kokarin yaudarar baƙi daga hakkinsu na mallakar gida. Goldseker yana da sanannen tarihin shiga cikin aikin da aka sani da Blockbusting .  Walter Carter ya nuna rashin amincewa da waɗannan da sauran ayyukan nuna bambanci na gidaje.

Majalisa Parren Mitchell ya kara da wannan a cikin Tarihin Majalisa:Mista Kakakin, Jihar Maryland a makon da ya gabata, ya rasa daya daga cikin shugabannin kare hakkin bil'adama mafi ƙwarewa a cikin mutumin Walter P. Carter. Maganar tausayi ta zo ne daga ko'ina cikin al'umma da kuma duniya baki daya. Ina tsammanin wannan ya kamata ya zama darasi na musamman ga wannan Gidan don sanin cewa akwai fararen da suka fahimci gudummawar mutumin da ke bayyana asalin baƙar fata da wayar da kan jama'a.An kafa asibitin kiwon lafiya na Walter P. Carter a kan titin 630 West Fayette a Baltimore a 1976 don girmama Carter.  Wannan asibitin ya rufe a shekara ta 2009. Yawancin ayyukanta na waje an tura su zuwa wani gini da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Maryland ke sarrafawa a kan titin West Pratt Street 701. An sake sunan wannan ginin a Cibiyar Walter P. Carter, kuma an keɓe shi a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 2010.  Rushewar ginin na asali ya fara ne a farkon 2017 tare da shirye-shiryen juya shafin zuwa filin ajiye motoci na sarari 300.

Har ila yau akwai cibiyar kula da rana,  makarantar jama'a  da ɗakin karatu na kwaleji a Baltimore mai suna Carter.  Kowace shekara, yara a Makarantar Firamare ta Walter P. Carter suna shiga cikin shirin "Walter P. Carter Day" inda suka zo da hanyoyi daban-daban na bikin gadonsa.

A cikin shekara ta 2012, gwagwarmayar Carter don kare hakkin dan adam da na jama'a ita ce batun fim din da Jami'ar Maryland School of Psychiatry ta samar: Walter P. Carter: Champion for Change . A cikin fim ɗin, ana kiran Carter da "Martin Luther Sarkin Maryland". Fim din zai fito a gidan talabijin na jama'a na Maryland a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2013, da karfe 10:30 na yamma. 

 Iyali 
Ƙaramar 'yar Carter, Jill Priscilla Carter, lauya ce kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijai ta Maryland, an zabe ta a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2018. Ta kasance tsohuwar memba na Maryland House of Delegates bayan ta yi aiki daga 2003 zuwa 2016. Babbar 'yar Carter, Judith Lynn, ta auri Alkalin kotun da'irar Baltimore City Sylvester B. Cox kuma tare suna da' ya'ya mata biyu, Lindsey da Erin. Lindsey Carter Cox, mai suna don girmama kakanta, ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Howard, Erin Taylor Cox,  ƙaramar jikokin ta kasance Champion na Volleyball na All-City a shekara ta 2008, kuma ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Jihar Morgan a Baltimore, inda ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar volleyball. Walter Carter ya auri Zerita Joy Richardson Carter a shekara ta 1954 kuma sun kasance suna da aure har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1971. Misis Carter malamar ilimin yara ce. Ta mutu a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2016. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba