Yanayin yanayi na Minneapolis-Saint Paul

yanayi MinneapolisYanayin Minneapolis–Saint Paul shine yanayin yanayi na dogon lokaci da al'amuran tarihi na yankin babban birni na Minneapolis–Saint Paul a gabashin tsakiyar Minnesota.  Minneapolis da St. Paul, tare da aka fi sani da Twin Cities, sune jigon yanki na 15 mafi girma a cikin Amurka.  Tare da yawan mutane miliyan 3.6, yankin ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 60% na yawan jama'ar Minnesota.  Saboda wurin da yake a arewaci da tsakiyar Amurka, Twin Cities suna da matsakaicin zafin jiki mafi sanyi na kowane babban yanki a cikin al'umma.  Lokacin sanyi yana da sanyi sosai, lokacin rani yana da zafi kuma yana da ɗanɗano, dusar ƙanƙara ta zama ruwan dare a lokacin hunturu kuma tsawa tare da ruwan sama mai yawa yana faruwa a lokacin bazara, bazara da kaka.  Ko da yake hunturu na iya yin sanyi, yankin yana samun ƙarin hasken rana a tsakiyar lokacin sanyi fiye da sauran wurare masu zafi na ƙasar, ciki har da dukan jihohin Great Lakes, Pacific Northwest, sassa na Kudu, da kuma kusan dukkanin Arewa maso Gabas.  Sai dai in an nuna in ba haka ba, duk bayanan al'ada da aka gabatar a ƙasa sun dogara ne akan bayanai a Minneapolis/St.  Paul International Airport, tashar tashar yanayin yanayi ta Twin Cities, daga lokacin al'ada na 1981-2010.

 Yanayin yanayi gaba ɗaya 
An rarraba yanayin biranen Twin a matsayin yanayin zafi-lokacin zafi na nahiya ba tare da lokacin rani ba (Köppen Dfa).[1]  Siffar yanayin sanyin nahiya a Amurka shine yanayi na iya zama mara tabbas tare da wuce gona da iri da ke faruwa a matakai da yawa.  Misali, Garuruwan Twin suna da mafi girman yawan zafin jiki na 108 °F (42 °C) fiye da ɗaukacin jihar Florida, duk da kasancewar su kusan mil 1000 nesa da ma'aunin ruwa.  Akasin haka, yanayin zafi a cikin watannin hunturu ya fi sanyi a cikin Twin Biranen fiye da kowane babban birni a cikin nahiyar Amurka, kuma yana kusan daidai da na Anchorage, Alaska, wanda ke da nisan mil 1,000 (kilomita 1,600) kusa da Pole ta Arewa.  Garuruwan Twin kuma na iya fuskantar fari, ambaliya, kuma a matsakaita sun fi Chicago, Illinois ("Birnin Windy", kodayake wannan ba shine asalin kalmar ba)..

 Yanayin zafi 
Saboda wurin da yake a tsakiyar Arewacin Amurka, yankin Twin Cities yana ƙarƙashin wasu daga cikin mafi girman zafin jiki a Amurka. Yanayin zafi a yankin Twin Cities ya kasance daga matsakaicin  ° F (−9.1 ° C) a watan Janairu zuwa  ° F (23.2 ° C) A watan Yuli. Ba tare da wani shingen halitta don toshe iska mai sanyi daga zubowa kudu daga Kanada ba, Twin Cities suna fuskantar iska mai yawa a cikin watanni na hunturu. Wadannan iska na arctic suna kawo tare da su yanayin zafi mai zurfi kuma wani lokacin iska mai karfi. Twin Cities yana da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na lokacin rani ga wasu yankunan birane da ke kusa da su kamar Chicago, amma barkewar arctic a lokacin hunturu yana tura matsakaicin zafin hunturu na Twin Cities ƙasa da na Chicago. Duk da kasancewa kawai   daga Chicago, matsakaicin zafin watan Janairu na  ° F (−9.1 ° C) yana ƙasa da Chicago ta  ° F (-.6 ° C).   A lokacin watanni na rani, Minneapolis na iya fuskantar yanayin zafi daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, da kuma zafi mai yawa.

 Rubuce-rubuce 
Tare da rikodin zafin jiki wanda ya fara zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 1872, kewayon yanayin zafi ya kasance daga -41 ° F (-41 ° C) a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1888, har zuwa  ° F (42 ° C) ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1936, a lokacin shekarun Dust Bowl. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun shine -20 ° F (-29 ° C), an saita kwanaki shida kafin rikodin lokaci-lokaci, yayin da mafi yawan zafi na yau da kullum shine  ° F (30 ° C), kuma an saita rana ɗaya kafin rikodin lokacin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na kowane wata ya kasance daga -3.4 ° F (-19.7 ° C) a watan Janairun 1875 zuwa  ° F (27.4 ° C) yayin da ga matsakaicin zabin shekara-shekara, kewayon shine  ° F (3.6 ° C) cikin 1875 zuwa  ° F (10.4 ° C). 

 Tasirin tsibirin zafi na birni 
Babban tasiri a kan yanayin zafi a cikin Twin Cities a cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata shine Tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane. Babban adadin kankare da asphalt, haɗe da gine-gine masu tsayi da yawa (wanda ke toshe iska) yana taimakawa wajen kama zafi kusa da farfajiya, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi, musamman da dare, fiye da na yankunan da ke kewaye (har ma da waɗanda ke kudu). Misali, matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara na 45.4 a filin jirgin saman Minneapolis St. Paul ya fi na Rochester (43.4)  da Mankato (44.7)  wadanda dukansu suna da nisa zuwa kudu.
alt=snow covered trees and ground|right|thumb|Ranar hunturu a watan Fabrairu a St. Paul
Garuruwan Twin suna fuskantar nau'ikan hazo iri-iri.  Ruwan sama shine mafi yawan yanayi a lokacin bazara, yayin da dusar ƙanƙara, ƙanƙara, sleet, daskarewa ruwan sama, da kuma ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci yana faruwa a lokacin hunturu.  watannin rani na Yuni, Yuli da Agusta sun kai kusan rabin yawan hazo na shekara-shekara a fadin garuruwan tagwaye.  Duk da cewa lokacin rani shine farkon lokacin Twin Cities don fuskantar tsawa, suna iya faruwa daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba.  A lokuta da ba kasafai ake samun tsawa ba, inda tsawa da walƙiya ke tare da lokacin sanyi ko (mafi yawanci) guguwar dusar ƙanƙara.  A lokacin bazara da bazara, wasu tsawa suna da tsanani.  Waɗannan guguwa suna haifar da iskoki madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, ƙanƙara mai girma da, lokaci-lokaci, guguwa.  Garuruwan Twin sun fuskanci wasu manyan abubuwan da suka faru na derecho, kwanan nan a lokacin bala'in guguwar Late-May 1998 da kuma derecho wanda ya yi tafiya daga South Dakota zuwa New York a ranar 30 ga Mayu - Mayu 31, 1998. Hatsarin lokacin rani yana haifar da raɓa wanda sau da yawa yakan kai cikin 70s °F (21 °C) har ma da wani lokaci.).   
Ruwan sama na hunturu ya zo a cikin wasu nau'o'i daban-daban. Snow shine babban nau'in ruwan sama, amma ruwan sama mai sanyi, ƙanƙara, ƙanshin sama kuma wani lokacin ma ruwan sama duk suna yiwuwa a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Babban tsarin guguwa, sau da yawa ƙugiyoyin Panhandle ko wasu guguwa da ke faruwa tare da kwararar meridional, na iya kawo dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa har ma da yanayin blizzard. Matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara a cikin Twin Cities shine 45.3 inci (115.1 , tare da matsakaicin kwanaki 100 a kowace shekara tare da akalla 1 inci (2.5  na dusar ƙara. Mafi yawan dusar ƙanƙara da Twin Cities suka gani a hukumance a lokacin hunturu ɗaya ya kasance a cikin 1983-1984 tare da inci 98.6 (250 , kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ya kasance a 1930-1931 tare da inci 14.2 (36.1 . 

 Abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi 

 Guguwa 
Yankin birni na Twin Cities yana kusa da gefen arewacin Tornado Alley, kuma saboda haka yankin yana fuskantar guguwa kusan kowace shekara. Guguwa ta farko da aka rubuta a yankin Twin Cities ta kasance a cikin 1820 a Fort Snelling . Wani guguwa mai lalacewa ya buge St. Paul a shekara ta 1891.

Mafi munin guguwa da ya shafi Twin Cities ya kasance a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1965. A wannan rana, guguwa shida sun sauka a cikin yankuna da yawa a cikin da kewayen yankin yamma da arewa, inda suka kashe mutane 13 kuma suka ji rauni sama da 600. Hudu daga cikin guguwar an kiyasta su F4, biyu daga cikinsu sun buga Fridley, Minnesota kimanin awa daya. Wannan barkewar ta kasance sananne saboda wannan shine karo na farko a tarihin Minnesota da aka yi amfani da sirens na kare farar hula don gargadi mutane game da mummunan yanayi mai zuwa. Har ila yau, watsa labarai na Twin Cities ba a taɓa gani ba. Ci gaba da watsa shirye-shiryen WCCO game da yanayin yanayi an yaba da gargadi mutane game da guguwa da ceton rayuka.
alt=tornado damaged homes|thumb|Lalacewar gidaje daga guguwar EF3 a Hugo, Minnesota a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2008.
A cikin 1981 wani rikici da ake kira Har-Mar guguwa ya sauka a Minneapolis, ya ci gaba da shafar yankunan arewacin yankin metro, gami da kashe wani mutum kusa da Tafkin Harriet. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1986, wata guguwa ta sauka a Fridley, kuma bidiyon da aka kama daga jirgin saman labarai na KAR 11 an watsa shi kai tsaye a cikin labarai na 5:00 na yamma. Bidiyo na sama da aka kama a wannan rana ba a taɓa gani ba a lokacin, kuma an bincika shi sosai.

A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2008, wata guguwa ta EF3 ta buge garin Hugo a lokacin ƙarshen Mayu 2008 da aka fara fashewa. Jirgin ya lalata ko ya lalata gidaje da yawa a cikin garin, wanda ya haifar da kimanin dala miliyan 25 a cikin lalacewa. 

 Hakki 
Kodayake derechos ba su da iskõki masu ƙarfi kamar guguwa, suna tasiri ga manyan yankuna  saboda haka suna iya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa. Abubuwan da suka fi tsada a tarihin Twin biranen shine derecho wanda ya faru a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1998. Babban hawan dutse da iska mai lalacewa sun haifar da mafi yawan dala biliyan 1 a cikin lalacewar da aka ruwaito. Makonni biyu bayan haka a ranar 30 ga Mayu, wani babban derecho ya samar da iskõki sama da mil 80 a kowace awa (130 km / h) a kan babban ɓangare na yankin Twin Cities. Wadannan abubuwan biyu sun haɗu don haifar da lalacewar dala biliyan 1.5, kuma sun kirkiro aikin tsaftacewa mafi girma a tarihin Minnesota. 

 Snow 
Ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1940, Ranar Armistice Day Blizzard ta shafi dukan kudu maso gabashin Minnesota, ta kashe mutane 60 a Minnesota.  Garuruwan Twin sun yi rikodin inci 17 na dusar ƙanƙara, kuma yanayin zafi ya faɗi kusan digiri sittin a tsawon kwana ɗaya.  Guguwar dusar ƙanƙara mafi girma da ta shafi mafi yawan yankunan Twin Cities ita ce Blizzard na Halloween a ranar 31 ga Oktoba - Nuwamba 2, 1991. A hukumance, an ba da rahoton dusar ƙanƙara mai inci 28.4 (72 cm) a filin jirgin saman Twin Cities.  Dusar ƙanƙara mafi nauyi ta faɗi a cikin layi daga can, arewa zuwa Duluth.  Ƙananan kuɗi sun faɗi zuwa gabas da yammacin wannan layin, amma shi ne guguwar dusar ƙanƙara mafi girma a farkon kakar ga dukan yankin.

 Ambaliyar ruwa 
ambaliyar ruwa mafi girma a tarihin Twin Cities ta faru ne a ranar  ga Yuli,  ga Yuli, 1987. An kira shi a cikin gida The Super Storm, ruwan sama ya fadi daga wannan taron fiye da kowane ɗayan tarihin Twin Cities. Guguwar ta haifar da lalacewar gidaje 9,000, ta kashe mutane biyu, kuma ta haifar da dala miliyan 27 a cikin lalacewa. Wasu yankuna a yankin metro na kudancin sun rubuta 11 inci (279  na ruwan sama. Inches 9.15 (232  wanda ya fadi a ranar 23 ga Yuli shine mafi girman ruwan sama na rana guda ga Twin Cities. Gabaɗaya, aƙalla inci 10 (254  na ruwan sama ya faɗi sama da murabba'in kilomita 93 (241 ), kuma aƙalla inches 4 (100  ya faɗi sama le murabba'i kilomita 1,460 (3,781 km2). An zabi wannan taron a matsayin na takwas mafi mahimmancin yanayi a jihar Minnesota a cikin karni na 20. Kwanaki uku kafin wannan taron a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 21 ga Yuli, har zuwa inci 9 (230 mm) na ruwan sama ya fadi a kan wasu daga cikin waɗannan yankuna. Wadannan guguwa guda biyu sun haɗu don taimakawa Twin Cities zuwa lokacin rani mafi zafi a rikodin, tare da inci 23.52 (597 mm) na ruwan sama da ke fadowa daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. 

Kogin Minnesota da Kogin Mississippi dukansu suna gudana ta cikin Twin Cities, kuma bi da bi akwai wasu matakan ambaliyar kogi kusan kowace shekara. Ruwan sama mafi muni a tarihin Twin Cities a kan wadannan koguna ya kasance a shekarar 1965. Sauran ambaliyar ruwa masu yawa sun faru a 1969, 1993, 1997 da 2001.
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