Labarin Bayi

Labarin bawa wani nau'i ne na wallafe-wallafen da ya shafi (rubuce-rubuce) tarihin rayuwar bayi, musamman 'Yan Afirka da suka yi bautar a Amurka, kodayake akwai wasu misalai da yawa. Fiye da dubu shida irin waɗannan labaran an kiyasta su wanzu; kimanin labaran 150 an buga su a matsayin littattafai daban-daban ko litattafai. A cikin Amurka a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali (1930s), fiye da 2,300 ƙarin Tarihin baki game da rayuwa a lokacin bautar an tattara su ne ta hanyar marubuta da Gudanar da Ayyuka suka tallafawa kuma suka buga su, shirin Sabon Yarjejeniya.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaloo_(journal) Yawancin tambayoyin da aka yi rikodin sauti 26 ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar Library of Congress.https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/17/opinion/greene-slave-narrative/index.html?hpt=hp_c1

Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fara tunawa da zaman fursuna da aka sani a duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, Turawa farar fata ne da kuma Amurkawa daga baya suka rubuta, wadanda musulmin gida suka kama kuma a wasu lokutan su bautar da su a Arewacin Afirka, galibi ‘yan fashin Barbary. Waɗannan su ne ɓangare na faffadan nau'in "labarun zaman talala". Tun daga karni na 17, waɗannan sun haɗa da asusun da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi da kuma mazauna Amurka a Arewacin Amirka da Amurka waɗanda 'yan asalin Amirka suka kama kuma suka riƙe su. An buga wasu sanannun labarai na zaman bauta kafin juyin juya halin Amurka, kuma galibi suna bin sifofin da aka kafa tare da labarun zaman talala a Arewacin Afirka. [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Asusun Arewacin Afirka bai ci gaba da bayyana ba bayan zamanin Napoleonic; asusun daga Arewacin Amirka, waɗanda kabilun yamma da ke ƙaura zuwa yamma suka ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19.

A matsayin nau'in wallafe-wallafen
Ci gaban labaran bayi daga labaran tarihin rayuwa zuwa ayyukan almara na zamani ya haifar da kafa labaran bayi a matsayin nau'in wallafe-wallafen. Wannan babban rubric na wannan abin da ake kira "littafin bauta" ya haɗa da gabaɗaya "duk wani labarin rayuwa, ko babban ɓangare na rayuwa, na mai gudu ko tsohon bawa, ko dai an rubuta shi ko kuma ya danganta shi da baki da bawa da kansa ko kanta".[1] Ganin cewa labaran farko sun ba da labaran 'yan gudun hijira ko' yanta bayi a lokacin nuna bambanci na launin fata, sun ci gaba da bunkasa cikin litattafan almara kuma sun fadada tasirin su har zuwa kwanakin yau da kullun. Ba wai kawai kiyaye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kama gaskiyar tarihi da aka watsa a cikin waɗannan asusun ba, amma labaran bayi sun kasance kayan aiki ne ga 'yan gudun hijira ko tsoffin bayi don bayyana 'yancin kansu a karni na 19, kuma ci gaba da kiyaye gaskiyar tarihi ta gaskiya daga hangen nesa na mutum na farko. Sun ci gaba da wuce tarihin rayuwa kawai, kuma sun kasance "tushen sake gina kwarewar tarihi". Ana ɗaukar bayi da aka 'yantar da su waɗanda suka rubuta labaran a matsayin masana tarihi, tun lokacin da "tunanin da tarihi suka haɗu".[3] Wadannan asusun sun danganta abubuwa na rayuwar mutum da makoma na bawa tare da mahimman abubuwan tarihi, kamar Yaƙin basasar Amurka da Hanyar jirgin kasa ta karkashin kasa.

A cikin labaran da suka fi sauƙi, duk da haka masu ƙarfi, labaran bawa suna bin wani makirci na kowa ga su duka: farawa daga halin da ake ciki na farko, bawa a gidan maigidansa, mai gabatarwa ya tsere a cikin jeji kuma ya ba da labarin gwagwarmayar rayuwa da sanarwa a duk lokacin da ba shi da tabbas game da tafiyarsa zuwa 'yanci.[1] Bayan haka, an rubuta waɗannan labaran ne ta hanyar bayin da aka 'yantar da su da / ko mai ba da shawara game da abolitionist, saboda haka mayar da hankali kan sauyawa daga bawa mai son kai zuwa mai 'yanci. Wannan canjin sau da yawa ya haifar da karatu da rubutu a matsayin hanyar da za a shawo kan bauta, kamar yadda yanayin Frederick Douglass ya nuna. Labaran suna da kyau sosai har zuwa yadda aka bayyana asusun da yawa na misali bulala, cin zarafi da fyade ga mata bayi a daki-daki (duba Kula da bayi a Amurka). Rashin amincewa da masu bautar, musamman zalunci da munafunci, batu ne mai maimaitawa a cikin labaran bayi, kuma a wasu misalai ya yi tir da ka'idoji biyu (misali a cikin labarin Douglass, mai bautarsa Hopkins mutum ne mai addini sosai, amma kuma mai zalunci).

Labaran bayi na Arewacin Amurka
An fara buga labaran bayi daga bayi na Afirka daga Arewacin Amurka a Ingila a karni na 18. Ba da daɗewa ba suka zama babban nau'in wallafe-wallafen Afirka na Amurka a karni na 19. Masu abolitionists ne suka yada labaran bayi, wadanda wani lokacin suka shiga a matsayin editoci, ko marubuta idan bayi ba su da ilimi. A farkon rabin karni na 19, jayayya game da bautar a Amurka ta haifar da wallafe-wallafen da ke da sha'awa a bangarorin biyu na batun.

Don gabatar da gaskiyar bautar, wasu tsoffin bayi, kamar Harriet Tubman, Harriet Jacobs, da Frederick Douglass, sun buga asusun bautarsu da tserewa zuwa 'yanci. Lucy Delaney ta rubuta wani labarin da ya hada da karar 'yanci da mahaifiyarta ta yi a Missouri don' yancin su. A ƙarshe wasu tsoffin bayi 6,000 daga Arewacin Amurka da Caribbean sun rubuta asusun rayuwarsu, kuma an buga asusun littattafai sama da 100 daga mutanen da suka kasance bayi a duk duniya.http://www.wdl.org/en/item/110/http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slavenarrative.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170317055140/https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/literature-and-language-arts/essays/slave-narratives-genre-and-source

Labaran fansa na addini
Daga shekarun 1770 zuwa 1820, labaran bayi gabaɗaya sun ba da labarin tafiya ta ruhaniya da ke haifar da fansa ta Kirista. Marubutan galibi suna nuna kansu a matsayin 'yan Afirka maimakon bayi, kamar yadda aka haifi yawancin a Afirka.
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