Georgia Gilmore

Jojiya Teresa Gilmore (Fabrairu 5, 1920 – Maris 7, 1990) Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ce daga Montgomery, Alabama, wacce ta halarci kauracewa bas din Montgomery ta hanyar kungiyar tara kudade, Club from Nowhere, wacce ta siyar da abinci a taron jama'a na Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA).  Ƙarfafa tushen ciyawa ta taimaka wa ci gaban kauracewa na kwanaki 382 tare da ƙarfafa irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi don fara tara kuɗi don kauracewa. 

 Tarihi 
An haifi Georgia Gilmore a Montgomery County, Alabama a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1920. Tana ɗaya daga cikin yara biyar da Janie Gilmore ta haifa. Yayinda take yarinya, ta halarci makarantar parishal da nuns ke gudanarwa a cocin Katolika na St. John the Baptist .  A duk rayuwarta, Gilmore ta yi aiki a matsayin mai juna biyu, mai dafa abinci, ma'aikaciyar gida, kuma ta yi aiki akan layin dogo. Ta zauna a Montgomery tare da 'ya'yanta shida, kuma a cikin shekarun 1950, ta tallafa wa mahaifiyarta kuma ta taimaka wajen tayar da' yar'uwarta da 'yar'uwarta. An san shi da mace mai kirki da uwa tare da ƙwarewar dafa abinci mai ban mamaki, Gilmore yana da hali mai ƙarfin zuciya kuma ya yi tsayayya da rashin adalci na launin fata da aka saba da shi a Alabama a cikin shekarun 1950. Ta kuma kasance memba na NAACP na gida a Montgomery, inda ta yi aiki tare da Rosa Parks da sauran ma'aikatan NAACP don nuna rashin amincewa da nuna bambanci da 'yan Afirka suka samu a Alabama. Kafin fara kauracewa bas din Montgomery, Gilmore ta yanke shawarar dakatar da hawa bas din birni bayan ita da mahaifiyarta sun fuskanci nuna bambanci a cikin bas din. Ba ta jin tsoron fuskantar fararen maza kuma tana kare iyalinta sosai. Gilmore ya yi aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci a Kamfanin Nishaɗi na Kasa, gidan cin abinci, a cikin garin Montgomery a cikin shekarun 1950. 

 Bus Boycott da Gilmore's Activism 

Bayan da aka kama Rosa Parks saboda kin barin kujerarta a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1955, Majalisar Siyasa ta Mata ta ayyana kauracewa tsarin bas din tun daga ranar 5 ga Disamba. Wani rukuni na shugabannin jama'a da ministoci sun kafa kungiyar Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) don taimakawa wajen jagorantar kauracewa. Gilmore, wanda ya riga ya ki yin amfani da bas a Montgomery, ya ji labarin kamawa a kan labarai da sanarwar taron farko na MIA da za a gudanar a cocin Holt Street Baptist a daren kauracewa. Gilmore ta gabatar da kanta ga Martin Luther King Jr., shugaban MIA, kuma ta shiga kungiyar a wannan dare.

 1959 
A shekara ta 1957, jami'an 'yan sanda biyu na fari sun kama dan Georgia Gilmore Mark kuma suka doke shi yayin da yake takaita hanya ta hanyar Oak Park, wurin shakatawa wanda yake na fararen kawai a lokacin. Dokar yankin ta haramta 'yan Afirka ta Amurka daga amfani da wuraren shakatawa na jama'a da wuraren shakata. Gilmore shine babban mai shigar da kara a cikin Gilmore v. City of Montgomery (1959), wanda ya yi yaƙi da tuhumar a cikin shari'ar Gilmore ya lashe shari'ar bisa ga cewa haramcin bai dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba bisa ga Kwaskwarimar goma sha huɗu. Kotun ta yanke hukunci a kan manufofin Montgomery na wuraren shakatawa masu rarrabewa. Birnin da farko ya amsa ta hanyar rufe wuraren shakatawa na jama'a don nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar kotu.

 1974 
A shekara ta 1971, an sake buɗe karar don ci gaba da shari'a kuma an yi jayayya da Kotun Koli. Birnin Montgomery ya sake buɗe wuraren shakatawa na jama'a da wuraren shakatawa a farkon shekarun 1970. Birnin ya ba da izinin makarantu masu zaman kansu da YMCA, waɗanda har yanzu suna rarrabewa, kawai amfani da wuraren shakatawa na jama'a da wuraren shakku. Gilmore ya lashe shari'ar ta biyu a shekara ta 1974 bisa ga cewa ana amfani da dala na mai biyan haraji don tallafawa amfani da waɗannan wuraren jama'a ta shirye-shiryen wasanni na makarantar masu zaman kansu kawai.

 Sakamakon haka 
A watan Mayu 1961, Freedom Riders sun isa Greyhound Station a Montgomery, Alabama. Wani taron jama'a ya kai hari kan matasa masu zanga-zangar, wanda ya haifar da raunin da yawa. Georgia Gilmore ta kare da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka ji rauni a gidanta har sai sun kasance lafiya a gare su su tafi. Gilmore ta kuma shiga cikin shirin Eyes on the Prize kuma sanannun girke-girke har yanzu suna bayyana a cikin litattafan dafa abinci.

Georgia Gilmore ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1990, yayin da take yin abinci don bikin cika shekaru ashirin da biyar na Selma zuwa Montgomery Maris. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba