Bautar a Saudi Arabia

Bautar shari'a ta wanzu a Saudi Arabia daga zamanin d ̄ a har zuwa lokacin da aka soke shi a cikin shekarun 1960.

Hejaz (yankin yammacin Saudi Arabia na zamani), wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 12% na jimlar yankin Saudi Arabia, yana ƙarƙashin ikon Daular Ottoman daga 1517 zuwa 1918, kuma saboda haka ya yi biyayya da dokokin Ottoman. Lokacin da yankin ya zama ƙasa mai zaman kanta da farko a matsayin Masarautar Hejaz sannan kuma a matsayin Saudi Arabia, cibiyar Cinikin bayi ce a lokacin yakin basasa. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, matsin lamba na kasa da kasa ya haifar da kawar da aikin. An soke bautar a hukumance a shekarar 1962. Yawancin mambobin 'yan tsirarun Afro-Saudi zuriyar tsoffin bayi ne.

A cikin Saudi Arabia ta zamani, tsarin kafala, wanda ma'aikatan kasashen waje ke da alaƙa da ma'aikaci guda ɗaya na tsawon lokacin da suke Saudi Arabia, kuma sau da yawa ana kwace fasfo ɗinsu, ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun bayyana shi a matsayin nau'in Bautar zamani. Ayyukan da ma'aikatan kafala ke yi suna kama da aikin da bayi suka yi a baya, kuma ma'aikata galibi suna fitowa ne daga irin waɗannan sassan duniya inda aka shigo da bayi a baya.

 Tarihi 
A tarihi, kafa bautar a yankin Saudi Arabia daga baya an nuna shi a cikin kafa bautar da aka yi a cikin Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) bautar da ke cikin Umayyad Caliphate (761-750), bautar da ta yi a cikin Abbasid Caliphate (950-1258), bautar da take a cikin Mamluk Sultanate (1258-1517), bautar a cikin Ottoman Empire (1517-1916) da kuma bautar da bautar da za ta zama Saudi Arabia daga bisani. Bautar kamar yadda take a Saudi Arabia an kafa ta ne a cikin dokar Islama, kuma an gina ta ne a kan kafa bautar kamar yadda ta kasance a cikin daular Islama ta baya a yankin.

Yankin Yankin Larabawa wanda aka sake masa suna Saudi Arabia a 1932, an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin Daular Ottoman tsakanin 1517 da 1918, kuma saboda haka ya bi dokokin da suka dace da sauran bautar a Daular Ottoman game da bautar da cinikin bayi. Ba a aiwatar da dokokin Ottoman na yaki da bautar ba, musamman ba a Hejaz ba; yunkurin farko na hana cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya a 1857, Firman na 1857, ya haifar da Hejaz da aka cire shi daga haramcin bayan tawaye na Hejaz.  Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman ta 1880 ta haramta cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya, amma ba a tilasta shi a lardunan Ottoman a yankin Larabawa ba. A cikin 1908, Daular Ottoman ta soke bautar, amma hukumomin Ottoman ba su aiwatar da wannan doka a yankin Larabawa ba.

 Cinikin bayi 
An sayar da bayi na Afirka a cikin Larabawa tun zamanin d ̄ a. Duk da yake a cikin Arabiya kafin Islama, fursunonin yaƙi na Larabawa sun kasance masu cin zarafin bautar, ya bayyana cewa an shigo da bayi daga Habasha a fadin Bahar Maliya.

Kasuwancin bayi na Bahar Maliya ya bayyana cewa an kafa shi ne aƙalla a ƙarni na 1, lokacin da aka sayar da bayi na Afirka a fadin Bahar Maliya zuwa Arabiya da Yemen.

.Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I, yankin ya kafa ƙasa mai zaman kanta a matsayin Masarautar Hejaz (1916-1925). Hejaz bai dauki kansa ya tilasta yin biyayya da dokoki da yarjejeniyoyi da Daular Ottoman ta sanya hannu game da bautar da cinikin bayi ba. A lokacin yakin basasa, Masarautar Hejaz an san ta a duniya a matsayin cibiyar cinikin bayi ta yanki. Kasuwancin Bautar Bahar Maliya, tare da Kasuwancin Bayin Trans-Sahara da Kasuwanci na Bautar Tekun Indiya, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da suka ƙunshi abin da ake kira "Cikin Bautar Islama", "Cikin Bayin Gabas", ko "Cikin bayi na Larabawa" na bayi daga Afirka ta kudu zuwa duniyar Musulmi.

A karni na 20, an fara fataucin bayi daga Yammacin Afirka, Gabashin Afirka, Yankin Larabawa, Levant, da Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya.
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