Bromotrifluoromethane

Bromotrifluoromethane, wanda aka fi sani da lambar lambobi Halon 1301, R13B1, Halon 13B1 ko BTM, wani halide ne na kwayoyin halitta tare da tsarin sinadaran C Br F 3 . Ana amfani dashi don kashe wutar gas a matsayin madadin mafi ƙarancin guba ga bromochloromethane . 

 Teburin kaddarorin jiki 
Dukiya Daraja Mahimman zafin jiki (T c ) 66.9 °C (340.08 K) Matsin lamba (p c ) 3.956 MPa (39.56 bar) Mahimman yawa (ρ c ) 5.13 mol.l -1 yuwuwar ragewar Ozone (ODP) 10 ( CCl <sub id="mwRw">3</sub> F = 1) yuwuwar dumamar yanayi (GWP) 6900 ( CO 2 = 1)

 Magana 
Bromotrifluoromethane an haɗa shi ta kasuwanci a cikin tsari mai mataki biyu daga chloroform . Chloroform yana yin fluorine tare da hydrogen fluoride . 

CHCl3 + 3 HF → CHF3 + 3 HCl

Sakamakon Fluoroform yana amsawa tare da bromine na asali.

CHF3 + Br2 → CF3Br + HBr

 Amfani 
An haɓaka Halon 1301 a cikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Sojojin Amurka da Jami'ar Purdue a ƙarshen 1940's,  kuma ya zama samfurin DuPont a cikin 1954. An gabatar da shi azaman ingantaccen tsarin kashe gobara mai inganci a cikin 1960s, kuma an yi amfani da shi a kusa da kayan mahimmanci, kamar jirgin sama, manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa, manyan kwamfutoci da manyan tashoshin sadarwa.  Har ila yau, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar ruwa don ƙara matakan kariya na uku idan babban da kuma gaggawa na wutar lantarki ya zama rashin aiki ko rashin tasiri. Halon 1301 ba a taɓa yin amfani da shi sosai ba a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto a waje da ruwa, soja da aikace-aikacen jiragen sama, saboda iyakataccen kewayon sa, da fitarwar da ba a gani. Ba ya haifar da halayyar farin gajimare kamar CO 2 kuma yana da wuyar jagoranci lokacin yaƙar manyan gobara. Halon 1301 yana da kyau ga motoci masu sulke da jiragen sama, saboda yana samar da ƙananan abubuwa masu guba fiye da Halon 1211, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga yaki ko yanayin sararin samaniya inda wani sashi bazai iya samun iska nan da nan ba. Halon 1301 Sojojin Amurka ne  da NASA ke amfani da shi sosai a cikin 2-3/4 lb mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto tare da hatimi, silinda mai yuwuwa don yin caji cikin sauri. Sauran wakilai irin su CO 2 da FE-36 (HFC-236fa) sinadarai mai jika sun maye gurbin halon 1301 don abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli. Samfuran farar hula a cikin 2-3/4, 3, da 4 An kuma yi girman lb.

Ana ɗaukar kyakkyawan aiki don guje wa duk bayyanar da ba dole ba ga Halon 1301, da iyakance abubuwan bayyanawa zuwa yawan 7% da ƙasa zuwa mintuna 15. Bayyanawa ga Halon 1301 a cikin kewayon 5% zuwa 7% yana haifar da kaɗan, idan akwai, sakamako mai gani. A matakan da ke tsakanin 7% da 10%, an ba da rahoton tasirin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya mai sauƙi kamar dizziness da tingling a cikin extremities.  A aikace, masu aiki na Halon 1301 da yawa tsarin ambaliyar ruwa suna kwashe sararin samaniya akan fitarwa na wakili mai zuwa.

Tsarin Halon na daga cikin mafi inganci kuma tsarin kariya na gobara da aka saba amfani da shi akan jiragen kasuwanci. Halon 1301 shine wakili na farko da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasuwanci, ɗakunan kaya, da wuraren wuta na ƙarin wuta.   Ƙoƙarin neman maye gurbin da ya dace na Halon 1301 bai samar da wanda zai maye gurbinsa ba.  

An kuma yi amfani da Bromotrifluoromethane azaman cika ɗakin kumfa a cikin mai gano neutrino Gargamelle .

Kafin hatsarori na Halon 1301 kamar yadda aka san mai kashe ozone, yawancin masana'antu chillers sun yi amfani da shi azaman iskar gas mai inganci. 

 Chemical reagent 
Yana da wani precursor zuwa trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, wani mashahurin trifluoromethylating reagent a cikin kwayoyin kira . 

 Madadin 
Madadin yankunan da aka mamaye sun haɗa da (PFC-410 ko CEA-410), C 3 F 8 (PFC-218 ko CEA-308), HCFC Blend A (NAF S-III), HFC-23 (FE 13), HFC-227ea (FM 200), IG- 01 ), IG-01, IG- 01 HFC-125, ko HFC-134a . Domin al'ada unoccupied yankunan, da zabi hada da carbon dioxide, powdered Aerosol C, CF <sub id="mwvA">3</sub> I, HCFC-22, HCFC- 124, HFC-125, HFC-134a, gelled halocarbon / bushe sinadaran dakatar (PGA), saje na inert gas, high fadada kumfa tsarin 1 IG5 (4FS) (Injin).  Perfluorocarbons, watau, PFCs irin su C 3 F 8, suna da tsayin daka na yanayi da kuma babban ƙarfin dumamar yanayi. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons, watau, HCFCs ciki har da HCFC mai dauke da NAF S-III, sun ƙunshi chlorine kuma su ne stratospheric ozone Layer depleters, ko da yake kasa da Halon 1301. Zaɓin su don amfani a matsayin masu maye gurbin Halon ya kamata a yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan, kuma an ƙuntata a wasu ƙasashe.

 Manazarta