Hukuncin kisa a Mexico

An soke Hukuncin kisa a Mexico a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Maris 2005,  tun da ba a yi amfani da shi a shari'o'in farar hula ba tun 1957, kuma a shari'ar soja tun 1961. Mexico ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan jama'a a duniya da ta soke hukuncin kisa gaba ɗaya.

 Tarihi 
Akwai muhimmiyar tarihin abolitionism a Mexico, wanda ya samo asali ne daga karni na 19. Bayan Shirin Ayutla, an tsara kundin Tsarin mulki na 1857, wanda musamman ya haramta hukuncin kisa don laifukan siyasa, kuma ya ba da izinin kawar da laifuka na yau da kullun a nan gaba. Gwamnatin Mexico a wannan lokacin ba ta da kwanciyar hankali, kuma kawar da laifukan siyasa na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da damuwa cewa 'yan majalisa da kansu na iya zama masu azabtarwa idan akwai tashin hankali. Kwarewar mutum ma na iya zama wani abu, kamar yadda yawancin mutanen Mexico suka fuskanci zalunci na siyasa. An yi la'akari da hukuncin kisa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma yawancin masu karatu na Mexico sun saba da aikin Cesare, Marquis na Beccaria. Bayan mulkin Porfirio Díaz, an yi gyare-gyare ga hukuncin kisa a cikin sake fasalin da ya haifar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Mexico na yanzu.

Kashe-kashen karshe da ba na soja ba a Mexico ya kasance a cikin 1957 a Sonora, kuma kisan-kashen soja na ƙarshe (na soja da ake tuhuma da rashin biyayya da kisan kai) a cikin 1961,  don haka soke hukuncin kisa na soja a cikin 2005 da na hukuncin kisa na farar hula a cikin 1976 ya rage dakatarwar de facto da shekaru 44 da 19, bi da bi. 

Mexico ita ce mafi yawan ƙasar Roman Katolika, tare da kashi 88% na yawan jama'a da ke nuna kansu a matsayin masu bi. Vatican ta yi maganganu da yawa da ke sukar hukuncin kisa, kuma wannan na iya zama wani abu a cikin muhawara a Mexico.

A shekara ta 2003, Jihar Mexico ta kada kuri'a a cikin raba gardama mara iyaka game da hukuncin kisa. Kashi 82% na mutane 806,416 da suka kada kuri'a, sun kada kuri'ar Ee don hukuncin kisa kan laifukan kisan kai, satar yara da hare-haren tashin hankali.

A cikin muhawara a lokacin Babban zaben Mexico na 2018, dan takarar Jaime Rodríguez Calderón ya ba da shawarar sake dawo da hukuncin kisa ga Masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, masu satar mutane, Kisan jarirai da Masu kisan gilla. 

 Yaƙin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Mexico 
Yaƙin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Mexico ya haifar da karuwar laifuka masu tsanani kamar satar mutane da kisan kai, wanda ya haifar da sake fitowar hukuncin kisa a cikin maganganun siyasa. Jam'iyyar Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), ta gudanar da kamfen don inganta maido da hukuncin kisa, gami da amfani da allon talla,  a matsayin wani ɓangare na inganta jam'iyyar don zaben 2009 don kujeru a Majalisa. An gabatar da shawarwari don gyara Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1917 don ba da izinin hukuncin kisa daga duka PVEM da Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin (PRI), amma dukansu an ƙi su. Bincike a cikin 2009 ya ba da shawarar cewa har zuwa kashi 70% na yawan jama'a sun goyi bayan maido da hukuncin kisa, duk da haka ba zai yiwu a canza kundin tsarin mulki ba, saboda ƙungiyoyin addini da na haƙƙin ɗan adam sun yi tsayayya da maidowa.

 Manazarta