Kwarin Calchaquí

(Spanish) yanki ne a Yankin arewa maso yamma Argentina wanda ke haye larduna Catamarca, Tucumán, Jujuy da Salta . An fi saninsa da bambancin launuka da yanayin ƙasa na musamman wanda ya fara daga hamadar dutse zuwa gandun daji na subtropical.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Kwarin Calchaquí kwarin ne, wanda ke fuskantar arewa maso kudu, tsakanin Sierra del Aconquija da Cumbres Calchaquíes (4177 m) kewaye zuwa gabas da Sierra de Quilmes (5468 m) zuwa yamma. Wadannan kewayon suna daga cikin Sierras Pampeanas, jerin tsaunuka da ke kaiwa arewa da kudu ta Arewa maso yammacin Argentina, gabashin Andes.

Akwai kwari da koguna da yawa a cikin kwarin Calchaquí waɗanda ke da sunansu, kamar Quebrada del Toro (Gorge of the Bull), Valle de Lerma (Lerma Valley) kusa da birnin Salta, Quebrada de Escoipe da Kogin Escoipe ya kafa, Valle Encantado a ƙarƙashin Cuesta del Obispo, Quebada de las Conchas na Kogin Conchas kusa da Kogin Cafayate, kwarin Kogin Santa María da Kogin Calchaquí kanta.[es] Ruwan kogin Santa María yana cikin Sierra de Quilmes, inda ake kira Kogin Colorado. Ya haɗu da Kogin Calchaquí don samar da Conchas, wanda ke da alaƙa da Salado . Peña-Monné, José Luis; Sampietro-Vattuone, María Marta (April 2021). "Geomorphological dynamics and human interactions in a semiarid valley in Northwestern Argentina: The Cafayate depression (Salta Province)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 107: 103028. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10703028P. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103028. S2CID 229471718.

 Muhalli 
Yawancin kwarin Calchaquí wani bangare ne na yankin High Monte, wani yanki mai laushi wanda ke tsakanin gabashin Sierras Pampeanas da Andes. Tuddan da ke fuskantar gabas na tsaunuka da ke kewaye da su suna tsayar da iskõki masu ɗauke da danshi daga gabas, waɗanda ke tallafawa gandun daji na Yuga na Kudancin Andes. Yankin tsakiya na Andean da alpine sun rufe mafi girman sassan kewaye da su.

 Tarihi 
Mutane sun zauna a cikin kwarin aƙalla shekaru 8,000. Al'adun Santamariano sun bunƙasa a cikin kwari daga kimanin 1000 da 1480 AD. Lokacin ya ga karuwar yawan jama'a da aikin gona mai ban ruwa, tare da garuruwa da ƙauyuka a kan babban kwarin da kuma gefen koguna na yamma. Rushewar Quilmes a lardin Tucumán na iya zama gidaje game da mutane 5000 a saman ƙauyen. Daular Inca ta ci kwarin tsakanin 1470 da 1480. Kwarin sun kasance wani ɓangare na lardin Qullasuyu na kudu maso gabashin daular. Inca sun faɗaɗa hanyarsu ta hanyar yankin, kuma sun gina sansanoni da wuraren ibada na tsaunuka. Amfanin gona da aka shuka a cikin kwari sun haɗa da masara, Chenopodium, tubers, wake, da chili peppers (Capsicum). Ayyukan masana'antu a cikin kwarin sun haɗa da jan ƙarfe da zinariya, harsashi na ruwa, mica, obsidian, beads na dutse, da yumbu.

Mutanen Espanya sun ci Daular Inca a cikin shekarun 1530, kuma a shekara ta 1543 ikon Inca na kwarin ya rushe. Mutanen yankin sun yi tsayayya da mamayar Mutanen Espanya har zuwa 1650. D'Altroy, Terence N.; Lorandi, Ana Maria; Williams, Veronica I.; Calderari, Milena; Hastorf, Christine A.; DeMarrais, Elizabeth; Hagstrum, Melissa B. (2000). "Inka Rule in the Northern Calchaqui Valley, Argentina". Journal of Field Archaeology. 27 (1): 1–26. doi:10.2307/530649. JSTOR 530649. Ƙabilun yankin sun haɗa da Calchaquíes, Tafí, da Yokavil (Santa María).

 Abubuwan jan hankali 
Daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido da aka fi ziyarta a kwarin sune Tafí del Valle, Cafayate, Molinos, San Carlos, Santa Maria da Cachi a ƙarshen yammacin kwarin, da kuma Los Cardones National Park, da Los Sosa Provincial Park a Tucumán. A sassa da yawa na kwarin akwai gonakin inabi da yawa, musamman a yankin Cafayate.

 Quebrada de Cafayate Gudanar da Yanayi 
Quebrada de Cafayate, wanda aka fi sani da Quebrada d'as Conchas, wani kogi ne mai tsawo inda Kogin Conchas ya fita zuwa arewa maso yamma ta hanyar duwatsu da suka samar da gefen gabas na kwarin. Tana kusa da garin Cafayate a lardin Salta, kuma ta haɗa da sassan La Viña, Guachipas da Cafayate. A cikin 1995 an ayyana canyon a matsayin ajiyar yanayi ta hanyar doka No. 6806, tare da yanki na 25,784 ha.

Yana da nisan kilomita 90 kudu maso yammacin birnin Salta. Wannan kwarin yanki ne mai kyau mai kyau tare da tsarin dutse mai ban sha'awa don launin ja. 

Ajiyar tana kare tsarin ilimin ƙasa mai ban sha'awa da manyan ganuwar ƙimar wuri na musamman, da kuma wani muhimmin shafin paleontological na zamanin Cretaceous. Kwarin yana da ilimin ƙasa na kwanan nan, wanda ya haifar da motsi na tectonic wanda ya faru a cikin shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata.

Hanyar Kasa ta 68, wacce ke haɗa garin Cafayate da birnin Salta, tana gudana ta cikin ajiyar tare da Kogin Conchas. A kan hanyarsa mutum na iya ganin shimfidar wurare masu launuka daban-daban da kuma siffofi masu yawa daga cikinsu akwai Garganta del Diablo da kuma filin wasan kwaikwayo na duwatsu masu launin ja. A baya (lokacin da baya ya kasance mai laushi) waɗannan tsari sun kasance ruwan sha kuma ta hanyar kwararar ruwa suna lalata dutse, wanda a yau ya zama abin mamaki ta hanyar tsari na musamman.

Sauran geoforms da za a iya lura da su a gefen hanya sune. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo, The Friar, The Toad, Windows, Castles, da dai sauransu kuma kimanin kilomita 7 daga Cafayate Los Médanos, ajiyar yashi mai kyau. 

Saboda wadataccen archaeological da tarihi da ya gabata, ajiyar tana da burbushin burbushin halittu da yawa. A yankin da ke kusa da gadar Morales, ana samun burbushin burbushin rukuni na pípidos. Akwai yadudduka na dutsen ruwa da na nahiyar da ke da wadata sosai a cikin burbushin har ma da sawun dinosaur. Har ila yau, ana gabatar da abin da ake kira stromatolites. A cikin Yesera, akwai wani muhimmin burbushin kifi, shaidar wani tsari da zai faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 15 da suka gabata: shigarwar teku ta ƙarshe zuwa nahiyar.

A cikin binciken archaeological na baya-bayan nan an gano cewa 'yan mita daga hanyar 68 ta yanzu hanyar Inca ta gudana, ta kara da muhimmancin archaeological ga shafin.

Kogin da kewayenta yana daya daga cikin muhimman wurare don kiyaye tsuntsaye a Argentina.

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 

 Manazarta 

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