Transvaal Indian Congress

Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da aka kafa a 1903 don yaƙar mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata ga Indiyawa a cikin Transvaal Colony, daga baya kuma lardin Transvaal, na Afirka ta Kudu. An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1903 a matsayin Transvaal British Indian Association,  memba ne na Majalisar Indiya ta Afirka ta Kudu tare da dattijo kuma babban 'yar uwarta, Natal Indian Congress. Ta kwanta  bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994.

 Asali 
TIC gabaɗaya ƙungiya ce mai matsakaicin ƙarfi a cikin shekarun ta. Ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin kamfen da Mahatma Gandhi ya shirya a shekarun 1908 da 1913, amma a wasu lokuta ta dogara ne da yawa, kamar NIC, akan matsakaicin hanyoyin koke da shawarwari ga hukumomi. "Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC)". South African History Online. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2023. Ta ɗauki matsayi mafi tsauri ne kawai daga shekarun 1930s, lokacin da Yusuf Dadoo da takwarorinsa  cikinsu har da Molvi Cachalia  suka fito a matsayin manyan masu ci gaba a cikin majalisa.    An zaɓi Dadoo a matsayin shugaban TIC a cikin shekarar 1946, shekara bayan takwaransa na ci gaba a Natal, Monty Naicker, ya hau mulki. 

Dadoo ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ta hanyar yaƙin gwagwarmayar juriya "Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC)". South African History Online. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2023. Tsarin Ƙasar Asiya da Dokar Wakilcin Indiya daga shekarun  1946 zuwa 1948. Shawarar Nelson Mandela na shirya gwagwarmaya da makamai da gwamnatin  nuna wariyar launin fata. Landau, Paul S. (1 September 2012). "The ANC, MK, and 'The Turn to Violence' (1960–1962)". South African Historical Journal. 64 (3): 538–563. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.660785. ISSN 0258-2473. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarun 1960s da 1970s, TIC ta faɗa cikin kwanciyar hankali saboda girman zalunci na gwamnati a kan Congress Alliance, tare da wasu shugabannin (irin su Dadoo) suna zaune a gudun hijira da kuma wasu (kamar Ahmed Kathrada) kurkuku.  

 Farfaɗowa 
Alamomin farko na farfaɗowar TIC sun kasance a cikin shekarar 1981, lokacin da wani taron al'umma a Lenasia ya amince da kafa kwamitin Majalisar Indiyawan Afirka ta Kudu ta Transvaal don ba da shawarar ƙauracewa zaɓe ga Majalisar Indiyawan Afirka ta Kudu, ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta gwamnati. "Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC)". South African History Online. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2023. Bayan nasarar ƙauracewa taron, kwamitin ya gudanar da taro a cikin watan Janairu 1983, inda masu halarta suka yanke shawarar farfaɗo da TIC.  A wannan taron, Reverend Allan Boesak ya yi shahararren kiransa na kafa "haɗin kai" don yakar mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kai ga kafa United Democratic Front (UDF).  

A halin yanzu, an sake kaddamar da TIC a hukumance a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1983. An naɗa Essop Jassat a matsayin shugaba, tare da Ram Saloojee a matsayin mataimakinsa. Cassim Saloojee ya maye gurbin Jassat a taron zaɓe na gaba a watan Agustan 1988.  TIC ta kasance mai kafa UDF kuma ta kasance fitacciya a cikin kamfen ɗin kauracewa zaɓen shekarar 1984 da sabuwar majalisar dokokin Tricameral, wacce ke da niyyar wakiltar Indiyawa ta hanyar House of Delegates. "Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC)". South African History Online. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

Ko da yake TIC ta samu wakilci a taron jam'iyyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1991, ba ta sake fasalin kanta a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa ba a lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta samu mulkin dimokuraɗiyya. Maimakon haka, da yawa Desai, Ashwin; Vahed, Goolam (2 January 2015). "The Natal Indian Congress, the Mass Democratic Movement and the Struggle to Defeat Apartheid: 1980–1994". Politikon. 42 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1005788. ISSN 0258-9346. shugabanni da mambobi sun shiga jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka (ANC), kuma TIC ta sake komawa cikin kwanciyar hankali tun lokacin da aka gudanar da zaɓen farko bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994.

 Manazarta