Masana'anta mai hana ruwa

Ya na dudduka masu hana ruwa yadudduka ne waɗanda suke, a zahiri, ko kuma an yi musu magani su zama, masu jure shiga ta ruwa da jika.&nbsp; Kalmar "mai hana ruwa" tana nufin yarda da ƙayyadaddun mulkinda takamaiman yanayi na hanyar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje.  Yawancin yadudduka ne na halitta ko na roba waɗanda aka lakafta ko kuma an rufe su da kayan hana ruwa kamar kakin zuma, roba, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), silicone elastomer, ko fluoropolymers.  Jiyya na iya zama ko dai na masana'anta yayin kerawa ko na samfuran da aka kammala bayan ƙera, misali ta hanyar fesa mai hana ruwa.  Misalai sun haɗa da masana'anta na roba da ake amfani da su a cikin jaket ɗin Mackintosh, kwat ɗin sauna, da kwale-kwale masu ƙyalli.

 Ma'anar da ƙayyadaddun bayanai 
Kayan da ke hana ruwa / numfashi suna tsayayya da ruwa mai ruwa da ke wucewa, amma suna ba da damar tururi na ruwa ya wuce. Ikon su na toshe ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara yayin da suke ba da izinin tururi daga gumi don narkewa yana haifar da amfani da su a cikin ruwan sama, tufafin wasanni na waje, alfarwa, da sauran aikace-aikace.

Daidaitattun ka'idojin gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje  sun bayyana aikin waɗannan masana'anta.  Ana auna juriya na ruwa ta yawan ruwa, a cikin mm, wanda za'a iya dakatar da shi sama da masana'anta kafin ruwa ya shiga.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span>] Yawan watsa numfashi ko danshi ana auna ta gwargwadon yadda tururin ruwa ke wucewa, a cikin giram na tururin ruwa a kowace murabba'in mita na masana'anta a cikin sa'o'i 24 (g/m2/d), galibi ana rage shi zuwa "g".  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu, amma ba duka ba, masana'antun kayan wasa sun fara haɗa wannan bayanin akan alamun samfuran su.  Yawancin yadudduka na tsaka-tsaki suna da ƙima na 5,000 mm na juriya na ruwa da 5,000 g na numfashi;  mafi kyawun kayan suna da mm 20,000 da 20,000 g.

Ɗayan takamaiman ma'anar "mai hana ruwa/mai numfashi" yana buƙatar masana'anta don tsayayya da matsa lamba sama da milimita 1,000 na ruwa (9.8 kPa) ba tare da yayyo ba (duba kan hydrostatic).[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span>]

Ya kamata a ɗauki waɗannan dabi'u tare da wasu fa'idodi.  Gwaje-gwajen dakin ruwan sama sun nuna cewa wasu yadudduka da ke da kasa da milimita 1,000 na juriyar ruwa suna hana ruwa isasshe don dalilai masu amfani..[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span>] Garments made from these fabrics tested in the Leeds University Rain Room show no signs of leakage after 4 hours of simulated rain five times heavier than heavy rain. [<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2017)">clarification needed</span>] Koyaya, wasu riguna da aka yi daga yadudduka waɗanda suka wuce 20 000 mm sun yoyo ta zips, hoods, da ɗinki.&nbsp; Ƙididdiga masu kai na masana'anta ba su ƙayyadad da juriya na ruwa na tufa ba, saboda baya gwada rufewa kamar zips.&nbsp; Bugu da kari, numfashin kusan dukkan yadudduka masu hana ruwa/numfashi sun dogara sosai kan yanayin yanayi, musamman zazzabi, zafi, da iska.&nbsp; [<span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2015)">according to whom?</span>]Koyaya, wasu riguna da aka yi daga yadudduka waɗanda suka wuce 20 000 mm sun yoyo ta zips, hoods, da ɗinki.  Ƙididdiga masu kai na masana'anta ba su ƙayyadad da juriya na ruwa na tufa ba, saboda baya gwada rufewa kamar zips.  Bugu da kari, numfashin kusan dukkan yadudduka masu hana ruwa/numfashi sun dogara sosai kan yanayin yanayi, musamman zazzabi, zafi, da iska.  [

 Kayan aiki na jagora 
Ana iya amfani da gine-ginen da ke jagorantar ruwa daga jiki, maimakon membranes, coatings, ko laminates, don kiyaye mai sa shi bushe. Wannan yana nufin cewa za'a iya motsa gumi daga jiki yadda ya kamata, kamar yadda za'aa iya jagorantar ruwa da tururi. Wadannan su ne kayan aiki irin su Nikwax Analogy da FurTech, waɗanda kuma suna iya numfashi a cikin ma'anar al'ada (ko da yake waɗannan misalai a zahiri haɗuwa ne na masana'antu daban-daban guda biyu, Layer "pump" na shugabanci a ƙarƙashin wani nau'i na waje mai hana iska da ruwa; yayin da yake da kyau gaba ɗaya mai hana ruwa daga ruwan sama, za su kasa gwajin kai mai tsauri kamar yadda aka bayar a cikin maɓallin da ke sama).

 A hade tare da rufin zafi 
Tufafin da suka haɗu da rigakafin ruwa tare da wasu kayan rufe zafi, kamar waɗanda FurTech da Nikwax Analogy suka ƙera, suna tsayayya da gadar sanyi, zafin da aka canja ta hanyar yadudduka na kayan da ba su da kyau a cikin kusanci wanda ƙaramin sararin samaniya zai hana shi. Lokacin da akwai gadar sanyi, tururi a gefen bushe na iya tarwatsawa a kan farfajiyar sanyi, yana sa ya bayyana cewa ƙananan masana'anta masu hana numfashi sun ɓace.

 Dubi kuma 

 Rashin ruwa mai ɗorewa
 Gore-Tex
 Hipora
 Tufafin da aka shimfiɗa
 Nikwax kwatankwacin
 Sauna ya biyo baya
 Ventile
 Tsayayya da ruwa

 Bayanan da aka ambata