Hukumar Kare Muhalli (Victoria)

Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Victoria (EPA) ita ce mai kula da muhalli ta Victoria.  EPA hukuma ce mai zaman kanta, wacce aka kafa a cikin 1971 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariyar Muhalli 1970 (Dokar EP).  Matsayin EPA shine don hanawa da rage illolin gurɓatawa da sharar gida akan ƴan Victoria da muhallinsu

 Tarihi 
An kafa shi a karkashin Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1970, EPA ita ce Hukumar kula da muhalli ta uku mafi tsufa a duniya. An kafa shi ne don magance matsalolin muhalli a duk faɗin jihar ta hanyar tsari da haɗin kai, tare da haɗa dokoki da iko na Victoria da za a gudanar da su ta hanyar hukuma ta tsakiya.https://www-voahausa-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.voahausa.com/amp/4162460.html?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17535987681888&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voahausa.com%2Fa%2F4162460.html

An kaddamar da EPA mai mambobi uku a cikin 1971 ban da membobin Majalisar Kare Muhalli goma sha bakwai.

A cikin 1973, EPA ta fara ɗaukar cikakken iko akan sarrafa iska, ruwa da gurɓataccen ƙasa kuma ta fara ba da lasisi don fitar da shara.  Waɗannan lasisi sun bayyana iyakokin da za a iya ba da izinin fitarwa yayin da ke ba da garantin matakan tsaro.

A watan Yulin 2021 Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2017 ta fara aiki, ta canza tsarin da EPA ke aiki wanda aka kafa a karkashin Dokar Kare Muhallin 2017.  Tushen sabuwar dokar ita ce babban aikin muhalli, wanda ya bayyana cewa duk mutane (watau hukumomin shari'a, gami da kamfanoni) waɗanda ke gudanar da duk wani aiki da ke haifar da haɗarin cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam ko ga muhalli yana da alhakin rage waɗannan haɗarin har zuwa yadda ya dace..

A halin yanzu, EPA tana zaune a cikin fayil ɗin ministan muhalli Hon. Steve Dimopoulos . 
EPA tana kula da ofisoshin yanki guda bakwai da aka tsara don hukuma ta iya ba da amsa da kyau ga al'amuran gida da abubuwan da suka faru.  Tun daga watan Disamba na 2019 waɗannan yankuna sune: 

 Yankin Metro na Arewa, wanda ke da hedkwata a Preston.
 Yankin Metro na Yamma, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Sunshine.
 Yankin Metro na Kudu, wanda ke da hedkwata a Dandenong.
 Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Geelong.https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/story/2010/05/100502_cameroon_pollution
 Yankin Arewa maso Yamma, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Bendigo.
 Yankin Arewa maso Gabas, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Wangarratta .
 Yankin Gippsland, wanda ke da hedikwata a Traralgon.

 Kula da Muhalli 

 Ingancin iska 
EPA tana kula da sa ido kan ingancin iska ta hanyar shirin AirWatch  kuma tana bincika kasancewar da kuma mayar da hankali ga gurbata abubuwa shida:

 Abubuwan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (PM10) 
 Abubuwan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (PM2.5) 
 ozone
 nitrogen dioxide
 sulfur dioxide
 carbon monoxide

a cikin shafuka 19  a duk faɗin Victoria kuma yana ba da shawara ga 'yan ƙasa game da ingancin iska da dabarun sarrafa tasirinsa. 

 Ingancin ruwa 

 Rahoton bakin teku da Yarra Watch 
EPA tana sa ido kan ingancin ruwa a kan rairayin bakin teku 36 a fadin Port Phillip bay a kowace rana da kuma tare da Kogin Yarra. Shawarwari na gaba ɗaya sun haɗa da:

 Guje wa yin iyo a kusa da ruwan sama.
 Guje wa yin iyo a cikin sa'o'i 48 na ruwan sama,
 Gwada kada mu haɗiye ruwa,
 Rufe yankan da gogewa tare da bandeji masu hana ruwa,
 Yin wanke fata da sabulu bayan kasancewa cikin hulɗa da ruwa da wanka bayan yin iyo.

 Kula da Ruwa 
EPA tana da alhakin kimantawa da inganta ingancin ruwan teku, bincika gurɓataccen ruwa da haɗari a Port Phillip Bay, Western Port da Gippsland Lake.

A matsayin mai gudanarwa mai zaman kanta, EPA tana aiki tare da masana'antu, gwamnatoci da masu kula da albarkatu don haɓaka tsarin shari'a, saita ƙa'idodi game da ingancin ruwa da alamomi, sa ido kan bin doka da aiwatar da shi..

Tun daga shekara ta 1996, EPA tana sa ido kan ingancin ruwan teku a kowace rana ta amfani da tasoshin su  kuma suna aiki kan taswirar yanayin muhalli ta hanyar tsarin samfurori masu zaman kansu da aka girka a kan jiragen ruwa kamar jiragen ruwa. 
EPA tana da alhakin kula da korafe-korafe na gurɓataccen wari da ba da shawara da jagororin ga kamfanoni a kan wannan al'amari.

A cikin 2021, Yankin Metro na Yamma, Yankin Metro ta Kudancin, da Yankin Arewa sun sami mafi yawan korafe-korafe na wari.

A cikin 2023, EPA ta dauki Stevensons Brothers Industries (SBI) Landfill zuwa kotu tana mai da'awar cewa kamfanin ya kasa cika aikin muhalli na gaba ɗaya saboda ci gaba da tasirin wari na wurin a kan mazauna da ke kusa.

Za a iya ba da rahoton gurɓataccen amo ga 'Yan sanda na Victoria wanda zai iya faɗakar da EPA.

A watan Fabrairun 2024, EPA ta tuhumi mutane biyu a Kotun saboda tuki motoci masu hayaniya da rashin samun motocinsu da kuma keta sanarwar gwajin motoci.

 Ayyuka 

 Biyayya da tilasta 
A watan Janairun 2023, EPA ta binciki zubar da mai wanda ke haifar da ruwa na St Kilda Beach, Victoria da makwabcin Elwood Beach. An shawarci masu iyo da su guji shiga cikin ruwa saboda wani abu mai da aka samu a cikin ruwa. Kungiyoyin suna kuma binciken rahotanni game da gawawwakin kifi da suka tashi a bakin rairayin bakin teku da kuma ko yana da alaƙa da man.

 Ilimi da wayar da kan jama'a 
EPA tana da alhakin sa duk 'yan ƙasar Victoria su fahimci wajibai na doka ga muhalli kuma su ba da shawara ga mutane su yi zabi game da aikin muhalli gaba ɗaya.

 Jami'an da aka ba da izini 
Dokar EP ta 1970 ta ba da damar EPA ta nada mutane zuwa matsayin jami'in da aka ba da izini. Matsayin jami'an da aka nada shine tabbatar da cewa kamfanoni, gwamnati da mutane sun bi Dokar EP. Suna yin hakan ta hanyar:

 binciken kasuwanci da wuraren
 bayar da jagora da shawara game da yadda za a bi
 aiwatar da doka - buƙatar haɗari da tasirin da za a gyara
 inda ya cancanta, yin amfani da takunkumi ko hukunci don hana rashin bin doka.

EPA ta ba da izini ga jami'an da ke aiki a yankuna na musamman kamar motoci da datti, waɗanda kawai ke amfani da iko na musamman ga matsayinsu. Dubi izinin EPA: matsayi da manufofin iko (Bugawa 1478)  don ƙarin bayani.

Littafin EPA Authorized Officers (Publication 1422)  yana ba da al'umma da masu riƙe da aikin EPA, kamar kamfanoni masu lasisi da marasa lasisi na EPA, tare da taƙaitaccen bayani game da rawar da ikon Jami'an da aka ba da izini.

 Masu ba da rahoto 
Masu ba da labari na EPA jami'an da aka ba da izini ne waɗanda ke jagorantar da gudanar da manyan bincike da EPA ta gudanar. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan rawar, masu ba da labari:

 an nada su don gudanar da shari'a a kotun shari'a, a madadin EPA, don laifuka a kan duk dokokin da EPA ke gudanarwa
 an ba da ikon bayar da sanarwa na keta doka don ba da shawara ga mai karɓa cewa sun saba wa abin da doka ke buƙata kuma suna amfani da hukunci na yau da kullun. Za a ba da sanarwa game da keta doka inda akwai babban keta doka da ke gudana kuma ana shirin ci gaba da aiwatar da aiwatarwa; da kuma shirya taƙaitaccen shaida.

 Manyan ma'aikata 
Manajoji da shugabannin ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin ba da lasisi, amincewar ayyuka, ba da izini, sanannun sinadarai da masu tsara shirye-shirye, an wakilta su don yanke shawara kan aikace-aikace don yarda da kuma ba da amsa ga shawarwarin tsarawa.

Inda sanarwar gyara ta buƙaci mai karɓa ya gudanar da ayyuka akan farashi sama da wani matakin, ikon amincewa da sanarwar gyara ana wakilta ga takamaiman manajoji na EPA da shuwagabanni daga EPA's Regional Services Directorate, da Shugaba..

 Shirin datti daga motoci 
EPA tana da shirin datti don ba da damar membobin jama'a su ba da rahoton datti daga motoci ga EPA. [Lokaci 1]

A cikin 2015, Ministan Muhalli, Canjin Yanayi da Ruwa ya nada Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Ministoci don gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa a cikin EPA. A cikin 2016, an saki Binciken Mai Zaman Kanta game da rahoton EPA inda aka gano cewa kudaden shiga masu kyau sun kai "kasa da kashi biyar cikin dari na kasafin kudin aiki na EPA". Rahoton ya ba da shawarar cewa EPA ba za ta sake riƙe kudaden shiga daga tarar datti ba kamar yadda riƙe kudaden shigarwa shine "a bayyane rikice-rikice na sha'awa kuma ba ya dace da aikin EPA. Samun waɗannan rasit ɗin na iya karkatar da ƙarfafawar mai kula da kuma ƙarfafa shi ya keɓe rabon da ya dace da iyakantaccen albarkatun sa ga ƙananan haɗarin muhalli. "

 Tsakanin carbon 
Tun daga shekara ta 2006, EPA tana biyan kuɗin fitar da carbon don zama tsaka-tsaki na carbon. Kowace shekara, tana sayen abubuwan da suka hadu da ka'idar kasa ta carbon.

 Ginin da ya dace 
Ginin tsohon hedkwatar EPA a Carlton an ba shi lambar yabo ta NABERS ta tauraron 5 da kuma 6 Star Green Star Office Design. Ginin yana iya ganewa saboda ganuwar kore, kuma ya sami gagarumin haɓakawa a cikin 2008 ciki har da hasken wuta, girbi ruwan sama da kuma shuka mai haɗin gwiwa.

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 

 Dubi kuma 

 Batutuwan muhalli a Melbourne
 Jerin hukumomin gwamnatin Victoria
 Jerin batutuwan muhalli a Victoria

 Bayani 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba