'Yancin Dan Adam a Faransa

Hakkin dan adam a Faransa suna cikin gabatarwar Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Faransa ta Biyar, wanda aka kafa a 1958, da kuma 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . Har ila yau, Faransa ta tabbatar da Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta 1948, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Turai kan' yancin dan adam 1960 da Yarjejeniyar' yancin kai ta Tarayyar Turai (2000). Dukkanin wadannan kayan aikin doka na kasa da kasa suna da fifiko a kan Dokokin ƙasa. Koyaya, cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan adam yana faruwa duk da haka. Yanayin Cibiyoyin tsare-tsare ga baƙi marasa izini waɗanda suka karɓi umarnin korar su an kuma soki su.

 Taron da ayyuka 
A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa, wakilai daga Kasuwanci na Uku sun tsara Sanarwar 'yanci Mutum da na' Yan kasa, wanda Janar Estates ya kada kuri'a a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1789. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar falsafar Haskakawa da kuma Sanarwar 'Yancin Kai ta Amurka ta 1776 - Lafayette ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubucen duka biyun - a cikin cewa ya yi shelar "yancin da ba za a iya sokewa na Mutum ba", kuma "Mai Girma" ne ke kare shi, yafi ba wa mutane damar' 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, 'yancin tunani,' 'yancin tarayya, 'yanci, tsaro da kariya ga dukiyar masu zaman kansu. Faransa ta sanya hannu kuma ta tabbatar da Universal Declaration of Human Rights a 1948 da kuma duk Yarjejeniyar Geneva.

 Cutar Roma (tun daga shekara ta 2010) 
A shekara ta 2010, gwamnatin Faransa ta kaddamar da shirin tilasta korar Romawa. Wadannan fitarwa sun fuskanci zargi daga yawancin 'yancin dan adam da kungiyoyin siyasa na kasa da kasa. Majalisar Turai ta yi Allah wadai da korar, tana kiransu "sun saba wa mutuncin ɗan adam".   Wadanda suka yarda su bar Faransa sun sami € 300 ga kowane babba da € 100 ga kowane yaro a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa sun sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa da ke nuna cewa ba za su yi ƙoƙari su dawo Faransa ba. Gwamnatin Faransa tana da burin korar Romawa 30,000 a shekara ta 2011.

A cikin sharuddan al'ada, Faransa ba ta da dokokin tantancewa. A tarihi, kafin a soke shi a karkashin François Mitterrand a farkon shekarun 1980, ORTF tana da tasiri sosai a kan kafofin watsa labarai. CSA wanda tun lokacin da ya maye gurbinsa ya damu da girmama Dokar Faransa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, musamman Dokar Gayssot ta 1990 wacce ta haramta maganganun wariyar launin fata da / ko na addini, da kuma lokacin da aka ba kowace Jam'iyyar siyasa a lokacin kafin zaben. Bugu da ƙari, wasu dokoki sun haramta maganganun ƙiyayya na homophobic, kuma dokar 1970 ta haramta bayar da shawarwari game da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

 Cin zarafin 'yan sanda da yanayin tsare-tsare 
A shekara ta 2004, Sufeto Janar na 'yan sanda na kasa ya karbi korafe-korafe 469 game da tashin hankali na' yan sanda ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin watanni 11 na farko na shekara, ya sauka daga 500 a wannan lokacin a shekara ta 2003. Akwai tabbatar da shari'o'i 59 na tashin hankali na 'yan sanda, idan aka kwatanta da 65 a shekarar da ta gabata. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004, Kotun Turai ta yi Allah wadai da Gwamnati saboda "rashin mutunci da wulakanci" a cikin shari'ar 1997 na wani matashi da aka yi wa duka yayin da yake hannun 'yan sanda. Kotun ta umarci Gwamnati da ta biya Giovanni Rivas $ 20,500 (Yuro 15,000) a cikin lalacewa da $ 13,500 (Yuropa 10,000) a cikin kuɗin kotu. Shugaban ofishin 'yan sanda a Saint-Denis, kusa da Paris, an tilasta masa ya yi murabus bayan zargin fyade da sauran keta doka da rundunar' yan sanda ta yi a karkashin umurninsa. Bincike tara game da cin zarafin 'yan sanda a wannan ofishin' yan sanda an yi shi ne a cikin 2005 ta hanyar binciken' yan sanda na IGS.Viols, vols, violences : neuf enquêtes visent des policiers du commissariat de Saint-Denis, Le Monde, 9 September 2005 

A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020, gwamnatin Faransa ta rushe 'Collective Against Islamophobia in France' (CCIF), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke yaki da nuna bambanci ga Musulmai. Ayyukan CCIF sun sami amincewar Human Rights Watch da sauran kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa da lauyoyi don zama da muhimmanci wajen rubuta tasirin nuna bambanci na matakan yaki da ta'addanci.

"Matsayin jamhuriya" (ma'anar jamhuriya) yana da niyyar cimma daidaito a cikin hakkoki tsakanin 'yan ƙasar Faransa. Don wannan dalili, a cikin ƙididdigar ƙasa, an haramta tattara kididdiga game da kabilanci ko addini. Wannan ya haifar da wasu muhawara game da raguwar harsunan 'yan tsiraru da kuma ainihi a Jamhuriyar Faransa.

A cewar Direction centrale des renseignements généraux (Central Directorate of General Intelligence), tsohon sabis na leken asiri na 'yan sanda na Faransa, a shekara ta 2004 akwai abubuwan da suka faru na wariyar launin fata ko na wariyar jinsi a Faransa, gami da ayyukan tashin hankali 361. Abubuwan da suka faru na wariyar launin fata sun fi yawa, sun kai 950 daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru, gami da ayyukan tashin hankali 199 .  Abubuwan da suka faru na Anti-Maghreb sun kai ga abubuwan da suka faru 563, ciki har da ayyukan tashin hankali 162. Yankin Paris ne ya fi shafa. 2007 ya ga raguwar 9% a cikin irin waɗannan abubuwan.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, "rashin mutunci" da Faransa ta yi wa 'yan ƙasar Faransa da ke da alaƙa da masu jihadi na Jihar Islama da ke cikin Siriya sun nuna cewa Paris tana keta Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan wajibai na 'Yancin Yara. 

 Haɗuwa da al'adu na ƙarancin 

Kafin juyin juya halin Musulunci, ana magana da Faransanci daidaitaccen (yaren Langue d'Oïl) a cikin fiye da rabin ƙasar Faransa.  A yammacin Brittany, kudancin Flanders, Alsace-Lorraine da mafi yawan rabin kudancin Faransa (Occitania), mutanen yankin suna da nasu al'adu daban-daban.  Breton harshe ne na Celtic kamar Welsh, Alsace-Lorraine wani yanki ne na duniyar masu magana da Jamusanci, yayin da Occitan wani yaren Romance daban ne.  Tare da kasancewar jamhuriyar da ke tare da juyin juya halin Musulunci, jihar ta tilasta koyar da daidaitattun Faransanci a duk makarantu da jami'o'i, da kuma amfani da Faransanci na musamman a cibiyoyin gwamnati.

A ƙarshe an ba da izinin inganta yaren gida ko al'ada, amma a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa mai tsanani wanda ke sa ya zama da wahala a buga, shirya azuzuwan, ko watsa shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarai.

 'Yanci na addini 
'Yancin addini a Faransa an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar haƙƙin kundin tsarin mulki da aka tsara a cikin 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . A aikace, duk da haka, gwamnati ta ƙuntata furcin addini a filin jama'a. Misali, yawanci ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a sanya alamomin addini a makarantun jama'a kamar gicciye ko hijabs. Bugu da kari, Faransa daga Jamhuriyar ta Uku zuwa gaba tana da dogon al'adar ƙiyayya ga Katolika, da kuma kusan kusan dogon lokaci tare da adawa da Yahudawa.
Dokar Neuwirth ta halatta hanyoyin hana haihuwa a ranar 28 ga Disamba 1967. An ba Matasa damar shiga su kyauta a shekara ta 1974.

An halatta zubar da ciki a cikin makonni 12 na farko na ciki ta hanyar dokar Veil a ranar 17 ga Janairun 1975.

An haramta luwadi a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin ta hanyar dokar 25 ga Satumba - 6 ga Oktoba 1791.

a kan 6 Agusta 1942 Gwamnatin Vichy ta gabatar da wata doka ta nuna wariya a cikin kundin penal code: labarin 334 (ta koma labarin 331 akan 8 Fabrairu 1945 ta Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar Faransa) ta ƙara shekarun yarda ga 21 don dangantakar ɗan luwaɗi.  Wannan doka ta kasance tana aiki har zuwa 4 ga Agusta 1982.

Dokar nuna bambanci da ba a san ta sosai ba (doka ta 60-1245 a ranar 1960, 25 ga Nuwamba) ta ninka hukunci sau biyu don fallasawa mara kyau idan akwai ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi, tsakanin 1960 da 1980 (mataki na 330). Wannan rubutun kuma an san shi da gyaran Mirguet . 

Yarjejeniyar hadin kai, wani nau'i na hadin kai na farar hula, wanda aka gabatar a 1999, yana ba da damar haɗin jinsi ɗaya.

Dokar da ke ba wa ma'aurata masu jinsi guda damar yin aure da kuma karbar yara tare ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2013 ta Dokar 2013-404

 Hakkin jima'i 
Masu yin jima'i a Faransa suna fuskantar babban gibi a cikin kariya daga matakan da ba a yarda da su ba da kuma kariya daga wariya.  Dangane da matsin lamba daga masu fafutuka tsakanin jima'i da shawarwarin da hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka bayar, Majalisar Dattijai ta buga wani bincike kan yadda ake kula da masu jima'i a watan Fabrairun 2017. Ta bukaci da a yi sauye-sauye ga wasu ayyukan likitanci, da kuma biyan diyya ga mutanen da aka yi musu magani na tilastawa.. Wani mutum, Gaëtan Schmitt, ya dauki matakin shari'a don samun matsayin farar hula a matsayin "jima'i mai tsaka-tsaki" ("jima'i tsaka-tsakin jima'i") amma, a watan Mayu 2017, Kotun Kashewa ta ki amincewa da wannan.

 Cinikin mutane 
Ana ci gaba da wayar da kan jama'a game da fataucin mutane a matsayin batun kare hakkin bil'adama a Turai (duba babban labarin: fataucin bil'adama).  Ƙarshen gurguzu da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da Yugoslavia ya taimaka wajen ƙaruwar fataucin bil adama, inda akasarin wadanda abin ya shafa mata ne da aka tilasta musu yin karuwanci. Faransa wata ƙasa ce ta hanyar wucewa da zuwa ga mutane, musamman mata, waɗanda aka yi safarar su daga Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai da kuma daga Afirka don cin zarafin aiki da lalata.  Gwamnatin Faransa ta cika cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi don kawar da fataucin.  An yi kira ga gwamnatin Faransa da ta tabbatar da cewa aiwatar da dokar tsaron cikin gida ta shekara ta 2003 ba ta haifar da sake cin zarafi da fataucin mutane ba ta hanyar inganta aikin tantance karuwai na kasashen waje ta yadda za a gano wadanda ake fataucin da kyau da kuma kare su daga masu safarar su..

 Kula da jama'a da bayanan bayanai 
Tarin, adanawa, da amfani da bayanan sirri ana sarrafa su ta hanyar CNIL wanda aikinsa shine tilasta bin dokar sirrin bayanai. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Faransa sun hada da:

 Ligue des droits de l'homme (LDH, Human Rights League - wanda aka kirkira a lokacin Dreyfus Affair a ƙarshen karni na 19) 
 Amnesty International (AI) 
 Human Rights Watch (HRW) 

 Cimade (kungiyar da aka ba da izinin ziyartar sansanin fursunoni ga baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba (marasa takarda, a zahiri "marasa takardu", wato mutanen da ba su da takardun shaida) 
 GISTI (baƙi suna tallafawa NGO) 

 LICRA (NGO mai adawa da wariyar launin fata) 
 MRAP (NGO mai adawa da wariyar launin fata) 
 SOS Racisme (NGO mai adawa da wariyar launin fata)

 Dubi kuma 

 Nuna wariyar launin fata a Turai
 'Yanci na bayanai a Faransa
 Babban iko don gwagwarmaya da nuna bambanci da daidaito (HALDE) 
 Humanism a Faransa
 Gidauniyar Tunawa da Kaddamarwa

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba