Dokar Daidaitawa ta 1970

Dokar Daidaitaccen Biya ta 1970 (c. 41) wani aiki ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ya haramta duk wani kulawa mara kyau tsakanin maza da mata dangane da albashi da yanayin aiki. Gwamnatin Labour ta wancan lokacin ce ta gabatar da aikin, kuma ya dogara ne akan Dokar Daidaita Biya ta 1963 ta Amurka. Yanzu an maye gurbinsa da kashi na 5, babi na 3 na Dokar Daidaitawa ta 2010.

 Tarihi 
A cikin babban zaben 1964, takardar shaidar jam'iyyar Labour ta gabatar da takardar shaidarsa ta haƙƙin da ta haɗa da 'yancin samun daidaito don aiki daidai'.  Satumba 1965 ya ga Majalisa ta Tarayyar Kasuwanci ta warware 'taimakonta ga ka'idodin daidaito na kulawa da dama ga ma'aikatan mata a masana'antu, kuma ta yi kira ga Babban Majalisar da ta nemi gwamnati ta aiwatar da alkawarin 'yancin samun daidaito don aiki daidai' kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin takardar zaben jam'iyyar Labour'. Koyaya, babu wani mataki na gaggawa daga ko dai gwamnati ko ƙungiyoyi.

Brian Harrison ya ce kuri'un da aka yi a shekarar 1968-69 sun nuna cewa ra'ayin jama'a yana motsawa sosai don goyon bayan daidaito na albashi don aiki daidai; kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na waɗanda aka bincika sun fi son ka'idar. Dalilin da ya haifar da gabatar da dokar shine yajin aikin injiniyoyin Ford na 1968,  kodayake dokar ta kuma shirya hanyar shiga Burtaniya cikin Tarayyar Turai, ta taimaka wajen kawo shi zuwa ga daidaituwa da Mataki na 119 na Yarjejeniyar Roma, wanda ya ce 'kowace memba za ta tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da ka'idar daidaito ga ma'aikatan maza da mata don aiki daidai ko aiki daidai.  Dokar ta fara aiki ne a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba 1975. Kalmar biyan kuɗi ana fassara ta a cikin ma'ana mai zurfi don haɗawa, a saman albashi, abubuwa kamar hutu, haƙƙin fansho, fa'idodin kamfanoni da wasu nau'ikan kari. An yi gyare-gyare ga dokar a lokuta da yawa na baya-bayan nan don haɗa tsarin sauƙaƙe a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tarayyar Turai wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga dukkan kasashe membobin. Dokar 1970 kawai ta shafi daidaitattun albashi don wannan aikin amma a cikin 1975 an zartar da umarnin EU game da daidaitattun Biya bisa ga labarin 119.

A shekara ta 1978, duk da wucewar dokar don inganta daidaitattun albashi, matsayin dangi na mata a Burtaniya har yanzu ya fi muni fiye da Italiya, Faransa, Jamus, ko ƙasashen Benelux a shekara ta 1972. 

An soke Dokar Daidaita Biya amma an sake maimaita tanadinta a cikin Dokar Daidaidaitawa ta 2010.

 Abubuwan da ake da'awar 
Domin ma'aikaci ya yi da'awar a ƙarƙashin wannan Dokar dole ne su tabbatar da ɗaya daga cikin masu zuwa:

 Cewa aikin da mai nema ya yi daidai ne, ko kuma daidai ne, kamar yadda ɗayan ma'aikaci ya yi.
 Cewa aikin da mai nema ya yi daidai yake da shi (dangane da ƙoƙari, ƙwarewa, yanke shawara da makamantansu buƙatu) ga na ɗayan ma'aikaci.
 Cewa aikin da mai nema ya yi an kiyasta shi (ta hanyar binciken kimantawa na aiki) daidai da na ɗayan ma'aikaci.

Da zarar ma'aikaci ya tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da su a kan 'aiki daidai' tare da mai kwatanta su to suna da 'albashi daidai' sai dai idan ma'aikacin ya tabbatar da gore bambancin albashi da gaske saboda wani abu ne wanda ba bambancin jinsi ba.

 Matsayi guda ɗaya 
A cikin 1999, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata sun tattauna kimanta aikin Matsayi guda ɗaya ga karamar hukuma, suna fatan cewa wannan zai aiwatar da Dokar Biya Daidaitawa ba tare da buƙatar ɗaukar ikirarin biyan kuɗi da yawa ga Kotun masana'antu ba. An yi niyyar tabbatar da ko ayyukan suna da daidaito, da kuma kawo tsarin biyan kuɗi wanda zai cire buƙatar da'awar biyan kuɗi daidai. Ayyukan da aka rarraba a baya a matsayin jagora ko gudanarwa / malamai za a haɗa su a ƙarƙashin ma'auni ɗaya na biyan kuɗi da saiti ɗaya na sharuɗɗa da yanayi.

Aiwatar da Matsayi guda ɗaya a cikin karamar hukuma ya haifar da da'awar da ma'aikata suka kawo yayin da suke neman diyya don bambancin albashi na baya.

 Shari'o'i 

 Allonby v Accrington da Kwalejin Rossendale [2004] IRLR 224
 Barber v Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group (C-262/88)  1 QB 344, ma'anar albashi ciki har da tsarin fansho na aiki
 Hayward v Cammell Laird Shipbuilders Ltd (No 2) [1988] AC 894, ma'anar daidaito a ƙarƙashin EqPA 1970 s 1
 Ofishin Gida da Bailey [2005] IRLR 757, zaton nuna bambanci tare da bambancin albashi
 Majalisar Yankin Strathclyde v Wallace [1998] 1 WLR 259, manufar doka ba albashi mai kyau ba
 Shield v E Coomes Holding Ltd [1978] 1 WLR 1408, mai da'awar dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa suna cikin aiki kamar ga ainihin mai kwatanta
 Capper Pass Ltd v Lawton [1977] QB 852, aikin dole ne ya zama 'na iri ɗaya ko kuma irin wannan yanayin'
 Eaton Ltd v Nuttall [1977] 1 WLR 549, ana iya kimanta aikin a matsayin daidai a ƙarƙashin EqPA s 1 (5) ta hanyar tsarin kimanta aikin da yake 'cikakke a cikin bincike kuma yana iya yin amfani da shi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba'
 Pickstone v Freemans plc [1989] AC 66, tsaron 'mutumin alama' bai kayar da da'awar ba
 Macarthys Ltd v Smith (No 2)  [1981] QB 180, wanda ya riga shi ne mai kwatankwacin
 Diocese na Hallam Trustee v Connaughton [1996] ICR 860, magaji mai kwatankwacin inganci ne
 Leverton v Clwyd County Council [1989] AC 706, 'kalmomi da yanayi na yau da kullun' na iya haɗawa da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa
 British Coal Corporation v Smith [1996] ICR 515, sharuɗɗa da yanayi dole ne su kasance 'daidai' ba daidai ba
 Lawrence v Regent Office Care Ltd [2002] IRLR 822, kwangila, mai aiki mai alaƙa da gwajin 'tushen guda ɗaya' a ƙarƙashin fasaha 141 TEC
 Ratcliffe v North Yorkshire County Council [1995] ICR 833, kwangila
 Arewacin Cumbria Asibitoci masu gaggawa NHS Trust v Potter [2009] IRLR 176, gwajin 'tushen guda'
 Defrenne da Sabena [1976] ICR 547 (C-43/75), ma'anar 'ɗaya ko sabis'
 Clay Cross (Quarry Services) Ltd v Fletcher [1979] ICR 1, dalilai na sirri a cikin bambancin kayan tsaro
 Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board [1987] AC 224, karancin ma'aikata ko abubuwan ƙasa a cikin tsaro
 Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority [1994] ICR 112 (C-127/92), tsaro ta hanyar 'yanayin kasuwar aiki' a karkashin ka'idar daidaito
 Glasgow County Council v Marshall [2000] ICR 196, a karkashin Dokar Nuna Bambanci na Jima'i ta 1975 idan ba a sami shaidar nuna bambanci ba, ba lallai ba ne a tabbatar da bambancin albashi
 Redcar da Cleveland Borough Council v Bainbridge da Surtees v Middlesbrough Borough Council [2008] EWCA Civ 885, [2008] IRLR 776
 GMB da Allen [2008] EWCA Civ 810, [2008] IRLR 690
 Majalisar Birnin Birmingham v Abdulla, inda Kotun Koli ta ce ma'aikata na iya da'awar daidaitattun albashi har zuwa shekaru shida bayan sun bar aikinsu. Manyan masana shari'a sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan na iya buɗe hanyoyin shari'a, tare da bangaren jama'a da ke da nauyin tasirin.

 Manazarta 

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