Ayyukan garkuwar mutum ga Iraki

Human Action Shield to Iraq wani rukuni ne na mutanen da suka yi tafiya zuwa Iraki don yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam tare da manufar hana sojojin hadin gwiwa da Amurka ke jagoranta daga jefa bama-bamai a wasu wurare a lokacin mamayar Iraki ta 2003.

 Tarihin lokaci 
A cikin Disamba 2002, Kenneth O'Keefe, tsohon ɗan Amurka. Tsohon sojan ruwa da na Fasha na Farisa wanda ya yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don yin watsi da zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka, ya buga wani kira ga ɗimbin jama'ar yammacin duniya da su yi ƙaura zuwa Iraki da tura kansu a matsayin "Garkuwan Dan Adam" [1] . [mafi kyawun tushe ana buƙatu] A ƙarshe an sanya wa matakin suna TJP (Truth Justice Peace) Aikin Garkuwar Dan Adam zuwa Iraki. O'Keefe ya yi imanin cewa zanga-zangar da koke-koke ba su da damar hana mamayewa da kuma yawan kasancewar 'yan kasashen yammacin duniya, wadanda aka sanya su cikin dabarun Iraki a wuraren da ake iya kaiwa hari, shi ne kadai abin da zai iya hana yaki. Ya kara da cewa, dubban garkuwar mutane da aka tura wa wadannan shafuka za su sanya mamayewar ta kasa daurewa a siyasance. O'Keefe a fili ya yarda Saddam Hussein a matsayin "mai kama-karya" da "mai kisan kai" kafin ya isa Iraki; An yi hasashen cewa ya yi hakan ne a wani yunƙuri na kawar da tunanin cewa garkuwar ɗan adam 'yan barandan Saddam ne kawai. Saboda haka, bai sami tagomashi daga Saddam ba, tasirinsa a cikin aikin ya ragu cikin sauri yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Iraki, kuma a ƙarshe an kore shi kwanaki kafin mamayewar. Kafin a kore shi ya sha zargin kasashen yamma suna goyon bayan Hussaini a wasu munanan laifukan da ya aikata; Daga karshe ya yi nuni da cewa mutanen Iraki ne za su fi fama da yaki.[2][3][4]

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2003 wata kungiya ta masu adawa da yaki ta shiga O'Keefe a London kuma ta fara aiwatar da shirin. A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2003 wani rukuni na masu sa kai 50 sun bar London kuma suka tafi Baghdad tare da niyyar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar mutum. Jirgin ya yi tafiya ta Turai da Turkiyya ta bas kuma ya ɗauki ƙarin masu sa kai a hanya, jimillar kusan mutane 75. An kiyasta cewa mutane 200 zuwa 500 sun shiga Iraki kafin mamayewar a watan Maris.

Bayan isa Baghdad, an kafa dabarun a kan zaton cewa ba za a sami isasshen garkuwar mutum don hana mamayewa ba. Wannan ya haɗa da tura masu gwagwarmaya da son rai zuwa wurare masu mahimmanci a ko'ina cikin Bagadaza, kuma mai yiwuwa Basra, a ƙoƙarin hana fashewar bam a waɗancan wuraren. Akwai muhawara mai yawa na ciki game da waɗanne wurare za a zaɓa.
Daga bisani aka tura masu sa kai zuwa Al Daura Electrical Plant, Baghdad South Electrical Plant. 7 Afrilu Water Treatment Plant, Al Daura Water Treatement Plant, Tejio Food Silo, Al Daora Oil Refinery da Al Mamun Telecommunications Facility.

Bukatar yin aiki kafada da kafada da gwamnatin Iraki ba abu ne da da yawa daga cikin masu sa kai na garkuwa suka ji dadi ba. [ana ruwa hujja] [citation need] Wasu na ganin jerin sunayen da jami'an suka gabatar ya kawo cikas ga cin gashin kansu. Wasu kuma sun ji cewa gara a tura su makarantu, asibitoci, da gidajen marayu. Wadannan masu aikin sa kai na garkuwa sun bar Iraki. Sauran sun zauna a wuraren, an aika jerin sunayensu ga hafsan hafsoshin hafsoshin hafsoshin kasar tare da bukatar su amince da ikirari da masu fafutuka suka yi na cewa kai hare-hare a wadannan wuraren zai sabawa doka ta 54 da ta kara wa yarjejeniyar Geneva. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] Babu martani ga wasikun.

A kololuwar adadin masu aikin sa kai na garkuwa a Bagadaza sun kai kusan 500, amma fahimtar cewa dubunnan da ke bukatar samun damar dakatar da kai hare-hare a Bagadaza bai cimma ruwa ba, hade da gazawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wajen dakile yaki, yana nufin tashin bama-bamai na nan kusa. [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Yawancin garkuwa sun zaɓi zama; wasu da yawa sun zaɓi barin. Har ila yau wasu, kamar O'Keefe, gwamnatin Iraqi ta ba da umarnin fitar da su. Wasu, ciki har da wani matashi mai shekaru 21, Tom Hurndall, matashin dan jarida mai daukar hoto, wanda ya yi tattaki don sa ido da kuma yin aiki da garkuwar mutane, ya bar Bagadaza saboda damuwa game da ayyukan da ake gudanarwa. Daga bisani ya je yankin Falasdinawa inda wani sojan Isra'ila ya harbe shi a lokacin da yake aiki tare da daukar hoton kungiyar hadin kan kasa da kasa[1].

Babu wani daga cikin garkuwan 80 da suka zauna a Bagadaza a duk lokacin yakin da aka kashe ko kuma ya ji rauni. Babu wani daga cikin shafukan da suke zaune da aka lalata.

A lokacin da aka tura su wani karamin rukuni na masu sa kai karkashin jagorancin Gordon Sloan na New Zealand sun dauki aikin binciken wuraren don tabbatar da cewa ba su kusa da wuraren soja ba. Wannan ya zama dalilin wasu rikice-rikice tare da mai masaukin Iraqi, Dokta Abdul Razak al-Hashimi, mai magana da yawun Saddam Hussein a lokacin Yakin Gulf na farko, kuma shugaban kungiyar Abokantaka, Zaman Lafiya da Haɗin Kai wacce ke karbar bakuncin masu fafutuka a ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnatin Ba'athist Iraqi. 

Tare da mamayewa mai zuwa Hashimi ya yi takaici da binciken Sloan, ya kira taro, kuma ya nemi masu fafutuka su tura su zuwa shafuka ko barin Iraki. Wasu daga cikin manyan masu sa kai sun ce taron Hashimi kuskure ne na siyasa. Wannan ya haifar da damuwa sosai tsakanin masu sa kai  da kuma rahotanni marasa kyau a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da rahotanni mara kyau cewa ana tilasta wa masu gwagwarmaya su tura su zuwa wuraren soja.  Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin ne wasu daga cikin masu sa kai na Burtaniya za su koma London tare da manyan bas din biyu da mai su, waɗanda da farko ana nufin su bar ba da daɗewa ba bayan isowa.

Tsoroia da ya tashi game da sanarwar Hashimi da rahotanni cewa bas din suna barin Iraki ya rage yawan masu fafutuka zuwa Iraki, kuma ya sa wasu daga cikin wadanda suka riga sun bar Iraki, suna gaskata cewa sun rasa amintacce ta hanyar ayyukan Hashimi. Hukumomin Iraki, a gefe guda, sun ga Kenneth O'Keefe, Sloan, da sauran masu shirya suna kalubalantar ikon Hashimi koyaushe kuma suna rushewa da gangan, kuma wasu masu neman garkuwar suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don turawa zuwa shafuka. An nemi biyar daga cikin 'masu kawo matsala' su bar kasar.

Masu gwagwarmaya da yawa sun kasance, duk da haka, kuma sun kasance a wuraren da aka zaɓa. An yi iƙirarin cewa garkuwar mutum tamanin sun kasance a yankin Bagadaza a duk lokacin yakin fashewar bam.

 Bincike da tasirin garkuwar mutum 
A ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003, Babban Wakilin CNN Pentagon, Jamie McIntyre, ya yi sharhi cewa "Pentagon ya ce za su yi ƙoƙari su yi aiki a kusa da garkuwar mutum" muddin ba a tura su zuwa wuraren soja ba. Daga cikin dukkan wuraren da aka kare, kawai Al Mamun Telecommunications Facility - wanda ake jayayya da shi a matsayin manufa ta halal a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Geneva - daga ƙarshe an jefa bam, kwana daya bayan garkuwar mutum ta fita daga ciki.

Don keta haramcin tafiye-tafiye na Amurka kafin yakin, garkuwar mutum daga Amurka sun fuskanci tarar da / ko ɗaurin kurkuku. A ranar da aka tashi daga rundunar garkuwar mutum, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Fadar White House, Andrew Card, ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ta yi Allah wadai da aikin kuma Fox News ta ruwaito cewa shugabannin Amurka suna la'akari da gurfanar da garkuwar mutane na Amurka don laifukan yaki.

 Tattaunawa 
An soki Human Shield Movement saboda abin da mutane da yawa suka gani a matsayin wani abu na taimakawa gwamnatin Saddam Hussein. Zargin garkuwar da ke "dupes" da "Wawaye masu amfani" ga Saddam sun yadu a Amurka. Wadanda suka halarci sun yi jayayya cewa yayin da gwamnatoci daban-daban a duniya ke gudanar da ayyukan tashin hankali, aikin garkuwar ɗan adam an yi shi ne don hana mutum.

Human Rights Watch ya bayyana cewa "fararen hula da ke aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam, ko da son rai ko a'a, suna ba da gudummawa ta kai tsaye ga ikon yaƙi na jihar. Ayyukansu ba su haifar da haɗari kai tsaye ga dakarun adawa ba. Saboda ba su kai tsaye ba ne a cikin tashin hankali ga abokin gaba, suna riƙe da rigakafin farar hula daga hari". Human Rights Watch ta kuma lura cewa amfani da garkuwar mutum, da son rai Ko a'a.

Jonah Goldberg ya yi iƙirarin bayan muhawara tare da O'Keefe, cewa "O'Keeve da abokansa suna da goyon baya ga Saddam Hussein da mulkinsa na kisan kai saboda sun yi imanin cewa ya cancanci kare su da jikinsu. Suna iya zama masu ƙarfin zuciya, ina tsammanin, amma har yanzu wawaye ne, kuma na tabbata Saddam yana godiya da su".

Maria Ermanno, shugabar kungiyar zaman lafiya da sasantawa ta Sweden, ta ambaci rahotanni cewa jami'an Iraqi suna shirya sufuri, masauki da taron labarai don garkuwar ɗan adam kuma Saddam Hussein yana amfani da su don dalilai na farfaganda: "Don zuwa Iraki kuma ku zauna ku yi aiki a can a kan kuɗin mulkin, to kuna goyan bayan mummunar mai mulkin kama karya. Ina tsammanin wannan hanyar ba daidai ba ce, " Ermanno ya gaya wa Rediyon Sweden.

An kuma soki gwamnatin Iraqi saboda karfafawa da sauƙaƙe ayyukan garkuwar ɗan adam, tunda wannan ya saba wa dokar kasa da kasa da Yarjejeniyar I, Mataki na 20 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva. 

Shekaru goma bayan farawar Yakin Iraki an yi hira da garkuwar mutane da yawa don wani labarin game da motsi. Babu wani daga cikinsu da ya yi nadama da ya shiga cikin aikin. "Abin da ya dace ne a yi," in ji Eric Levy wanda ke cikin Dura mai refinery a kudancin Bagadaza a lokacin yakin basasa: "Yaƙin ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma ba shi da kyau. Wataƙila mun kasa dakatar da mamayewar, amma ta hanyar sanya kanmu cikin hanyar haɗari, mun aika da saƙo mai kyau ga duniya. "

 Dubi kuma 

 Garkuwar Mutum
 Tsayayya mara ƙarfi
 Jama'a masu adawa da yaki da Iraki
 zanga-zangar adawa da yakin Iraki na 2003
 2003 mamaye Iraki
 Masu adawa da yaki
 Yunkurin zaman lafiya

 Manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Human Shield Action to Iraq An adana shi   - shafin yanar gizon hukuma
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