Tsibirin King George (South Shetland Islands)

Tsibirin Sarki George (Argentinian Spanish: Isla 25 de Mayo, Chilean Spanish: Isla Rey Jorge, Rasha: Ватерло́о Vaterloo) shine mafi girma daga Tsibirin Shetland na Kudu, yana kwance kilomita  (mil 75) daga bakin tekun Antarctica a Kudancin Tekun. An sanya sunan tsibirin ne bayan Sarki George III .

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Tsibirin King George yana da manyan bayu uku, Maxwell Bay, Admiralty Bay, da King George Bay. Admiralty Bay ya ƙunshi fjords guda uku, kuma an kare shi azaman Yankin Antarctic na Musamman a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Kare Muhalli ga Yarjejeniyar Antarctic . 
Yankin Fildes, mai tsawon kilomita 7, ya zama iyakar SW na tsibirin. An sanya masa suna ne daga haɗin gwiwa tare da Fildes Strait da ke kusa da shi ta UK-APC a cikin 1960.

 Tarihi 
Masana kimiyya na Chile sun yi iƙirarin cewa Amerinds sun ziyarci yankin, suna ambaton kayan tarihi na dutse da aka dawo da su daga ayyukan samfurori a Admiralty Bay;  duk da haka, an gano kayan tarihi - manyan kibiyoyi biyu - daga baya an dasa su. 

An fara da'awar tsibirin ga Biritaniya a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1819, Biritaniya ta mamaye    a hukumance a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dogaran Tsibirin Falkland a cikin 1908, kuma yanzu a matsayin wani yanki na keɓantaccen yankin Antarctic na Biritaniya . Chile ta yi ikirarin tsibirin a cikin 1940, a matsayin wani yanki na yankin Antarctic na Chile . Har ila yau, Argentina ta yi iƙirarin a cikin 1943, yanzu a matsayin ɓangare na Argentine Antarctica, wanda Argentines Isla Veinticinco de Mayo (25 May) ya kira don girmama Ranar Ƙasa. Amurka da Rasha ba su amince da duk wata da'awar Antarctic ba, kuma sun tanadi haƙƙinsu na neman yankunan Antarctic.

 Muhalli 
Yankunan bakin teku na tsibirin suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan rayuwar dabbobi daban-daban, gami da giwa, Weddell, da leopard seal, da Adelie, chinstrap da gentoo penguins. Sauran tsuntsayen teku da yawa, gami da skuas da giant petrel na kudanci, suna gida a wannan tsibirin a lokacin watanni na rani.

A shekara ta 1971, Denis C. Lindsay ya buga Vegetation of the South Shetland Islands, kuma a yin hakan shi ne ƙwararren masanin tsire-tsire na farko da ya tsara tsire-shuke na King George Island. An san tsire-tsire guda biyu ne kawai a tsibirin - Ciyawa ta gashi ta Antarctic da lu'u-lu'u na Antarctic. In ba haka ba, tsire-tsire sun mamaye lichens da mosses. Ryszard Ochyra ya ba da rahoton a cikin littafinsa na 1998 cewa akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan moss guda 61 da aka samu a tsibirin, wanda ake la'akari da wadata ga latitude. Wannan ya sa King George Island "ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu yawa a cikin Antarctic".

 Ayyukan ɗan adam 

 Gidaje 
Gidan ɗan adam na Tsibirin King George an iyakance shi ga tashoshin bincike na Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Koriya ta Kudu, Peru, Poland, Rasha, Uruguay, da Amurka. Yawancin waɗannan tashoshin suna da ma'aikata na dindindin, suna gudanar da bincike a yankuna daban-daban kamar ilmin halitta, ilimin muhalli, ilimin ƙasa, da paleontology.
Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva, tashar Chilean a kan Fildes Peninsula, ana gudanar da ita azaman ƙauye na dindindin tare da filin jirgin sama (tare da babban hangar da hasumiyar sarrafawa tare da wasu gine-gine), cafeterias ga ma'aikatan hukumomin ta da yawa a can, banki, ofishin gidan waya da gidajen iyali masu kyau tare da yara. Babban Ginin Ginin kasar Sin yana da ɗaki mai amfani da yawa wanda ke aiki a matsayin filin wasan kwando mai girma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][]

A shekara ta 2004, an bude cocin Orthodox na Rasha, Ikilisiyar Triniti, a tsibirin kusa da Tashar Bellingshausen ta Rasha. Cocin, daya daga cikin kudancin duniya kuma daya daga cikin 'yan gine-gine na dindindin a Antarctica, firist ne na dindaya. An yi yunkurin kisan kai na farko a Antarctica a tsibirin a cikin 2018 a tashar Bellingshausen . 

Hasumiyar wuta ta Point Thomas a Tashar Arctowski ita ce hasumiyar wuta mafi kudancin duniya.

NOAA tana gudanar da Lenie Base, tashar bincike ta yanayi don nazarin penguin a Admiralty Bay. Wannan karamin tashar, wanda ake kira Copacabana, yana aiki ne kawai a lokacin rani na Antarctic, amma ana amfani dashi azaman hutun tsira a cikin hunturu.

 Yawon shakatawa 
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2013, ƙungiyar ƙarfe mai nauyi ta Amurka Metallica ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi kide-kide da Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya tallafawa a filin jirgin sama na Carlini Station .  An gudanar da kide-kide a ranar 8 ga Disamba 2013. 

Ƙananan ayyukan yawon bude ido na musamman suna faruwa a lokacin rani, gami da Marathon na shekara-shekara, wanda aka sani da marathon Antarctic.

 Yanayi 
Yankin Antarctic da tsibirai da ke kusa da shi ana ɗaukar su da yanayin rayuwa mafi sauƙi a Antarctica. Yanayin tsibirin yana da tasiri sosai daga teku da ke kewaye da shi. A karkashin Tsarin Köppen, yana daya daga cikin wurare kalilan a Antarctica da aka rarraba a matsayin yanayin tundra maimakon yanayin kankara. Bambancin yanayin zafi karami ne, tare da watan da ya fi sanyi, Yuli, matsakaicin -6.5 ° C (20.3 ° F) da  ° C (34.7 ° F) a cikin watan da yafi zafi. Tare da sa'o'i 591.3 kawai na hasken rana a kowace shekara, sau da yawa yanayin ba shi da kyau kuma yana da hazo a cikin shekara, tare da hazo a matsayin dusar ƙanƙara, ruwan sama, da drizzle da ke faruwa sau da yawa. A matsakaici, 729 mm na ruwan sama yana fadowa a kowace shekara. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba