Hazel Nell Dukes

Hazel Nell Dukes (Maris 17, 1932 - Maris 1, 2025) 'yar gwagwarmayar Amurka ce. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kasa ta National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) da kuma shugaban kungiyar ta Jihar New York.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Dukes a Montgomery, Alabama, a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1932. Ita ce kaɗai yar Alice da Edward Dukes. Mahaifinta Mai ɗaukar kaya ne na Pullman .  Ta shiga Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Alabama a 1949 tana fatan zama malama. Koyaya, bayan ta koma Birnin New York tare da iyayenta a shekarar 1955, ta fara makaranta a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Nassau da ke karatun gudanar da kasuwanci.

A shekara ta 1978, Dukes ya sami digiri na farko a harkokin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Adelphi .  Ta kuma kammala aikin digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Queens .  Ta rike digiri na digiri na girmamawa guda uku daga Jami'ar City of New York Law School a Kwalejin Queens, Kwalejin Medgar Evers ta Jami'ar New York, da Kwalejin Touro na Osteopathic Medicine . 

 Ayyuka 
Dukes ya yi aiki don yaki da nuna bambanci a cikin gidaje yayin da yake zaune a Roslyn a Long Island .  Ta yi aiki ga shirin Shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson na "Head Start" a cikin shekarun 1960. A shekara ta 1966, ta dauki matsayi a Ofishin Lauyan Nassau County, ta zama Baƙar fata na farko da ya yi hakan. Daga bisani ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya al'umma ga Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Nassau County  kuma ta koyar da yara da ke rayuwa cikin talauci. Ta ci gaba da yin magana a duk lokacin shugabancin Reagan da Bush a cikin shekarun 1980 zuwa cikin shekarun 1990. Dukes ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga sake fasalin ilimi da ci gaban haƙƙin jama'a.

Daga 1990 zuwa 1992, Dukes ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutanen Launi (NAACP).  Dukes ta kasance Shugabar Taron Jihar NAACP na New York daga 1977 har zuwa mutuwarta tana da shekaru 92 a 2025. Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Daraktoci na Kasa na kungiyar. Ta kafa kamfanin ba da shawara na Hazel N. Dukes & Associates, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan tsara dabarun.Roberts, Sam (March 1, 2025). "Hazel N. Dukes, Longtime Civil Rights Stalwart, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved March 1, 2025.

Dukes an nada ta shugabar kamfanin New York City Off-Track Betting Corporation (NYCOTB) a cikin 1990, shekaru ashirin da biyar bayan ta kasance tana yin aikin zamantakewa a can. Dukes ya nada shi shugaban NYCOTB daga magajin garin New York David Dinkins. Rudy Giuliani, wanda ya kayar da Dinkins a Zaben magajin gari na Birnin New York na 1993, ya yi Allah wadai da gudanarwar Dukes na NYCOTB, yana mai cewa kungiyar ta rasa kudi a karkashin jagorancinta. A shekara ta 1997, ta yi ikirarin aikata laifin yunkurin sata. Ta yarda da satar $ 13,000.00 daga wani ma'aikacin NYCOTB mai nakasa wanda ya ba ta damar gudanar da asusun ƙungiyar bashi yayin da Dukes ya kasance manajan wannan kungiyar.

 Sanarwa da kuma siffar jama'a 
Dukes ta sami lambar yabo ta Candace don Ayyukan Al'umma daga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Black Women 100 a cikin 1990.  A cikin 2017, Black Agenda na Mata ya gabatar da ita tare da Kyautar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci, a matsayin wani ɓangare na taron shekara-shekara na Gidauniyar Black Caucus. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Empire State da Nation Builder Award ta New York State Association of Black and Puerto Rican Legislators, kuma Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York ta amince da ita a shekarar 2018. A cikin 2019, an sanya takardar girmamawa ga Dukes a kan titin 137 da Adam Clayton Boulevard a Harlem .  

A watan Janairun 2023, Dukes ya rantse da Kathy Hochul a matsayin gwamnan New York. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an ba wani titi a Roslyn Heights, New York, inda Dukes ya taɓa zama, sunan girmamawa na "Dr. Hazel Dukes Way".

A watan Agustan 2023, tsohon sakataren jihar Hillary Clinton ya gabatar da Dukes tare da lambar yabo ta Spingarn, mafi girman girmamawa da NAACP ta bayar.

 Mutuwa 
Dukes ya mutu a Harlem, Birnin New York a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2025, yana da shekaru 92. Roberts, Sam (March 1, 2025). "Hazel N. Dukes, Longtime Civil Rights Stalwart, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved March 1, 2025.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba