Hukuncin jiki a makarantu

Hukuncin jiki a makarantu shine ƙaddamar da ciwo na jiki a matsayin martani ga halayyar da ɗalibai ba su so ba. Kalmar azabtarwa ta jiki ta samo asali ne daga Ruwa ɗalibin a kan buttocks ko a kan dabino na hannayensu  tare da kayan aiki (wasu daga cikinsu ana amfani da su ne kawai a buttocks) kamar plimsoll (slipper), rattan cane, katako paddle, fata strap / se / belin, ko katako. Ba a saba da shi ba, yana iya haɗawa da bugawa ko bugawa ɗalibin da hannu mai buɗewa, musamman a makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare, ko wasu ƙananan matakan.

Yawancin al'adun gargajiya da ke kewaye da azabtarwa ta jiki a makaranta, a kowane hali a cikin duniyar da ke magana da Ingilishi, sun samo asali ne daga aikin Burtaniya a ƙarni na 19 da 20, musamman game da cin zarafin yara maza. Akwai adabi da yawa game da wannan, a cikin al'adun gargajiya da masu tsanani.Quigly, Isabel (1984). The Heirs of Tom Brown: The English School Story. Oxford University Press. Chandos, John (1984). Boys Together: English Public Schools 1800-1864. London: Hutchinson, esp. chapter 11. 

A cikin duniyar da ke magana da Ingilishi, amfani da azabtarwa ta jiki a makarantu a tarihi an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar koyarwar doka ta yau da kullun a cikin loco parentis, inda ake daukar malamai a matsayin masu iko da aka ba su hakkoki iri ɗaya da iyaye don horo da azabtar da yara a cikin kulawarsu idan ba su bi ka'idojin da aka tsara ba. Irin wannan hujja ta wanzu a cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Sinanci. Yana barin jami'an makaranta su tsaya a matsayin iyayen da suka dace. Koyarwar ta samo asali ne daga Dokar Ingilishi ta 1770  

Dangane da Babban Binciken Jama'a, kashi 84 cikin 100 na manya na Amurka a 1986 sun yi imanin cewa "yara wani lokacin suna buƙatar bugawa mai kyau". Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa azabtar da jiki ya inganta halayyar yaro yayin da lokaci ke wucewa. A gefe guda, an sami shaidar da ta dace cewa tana sanya yara "a cikin haɗari ga sakamako mara kyau," domin yana iya haifar da karuwar tashin hankali, halayyar rashin jama'a, matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, da raunin jiki.

Poland ita ce al'umma ta farko da ta haramta azabtar da jiki a makarantu a shekara ta 1783. Hukuncin jiki na makaranta ba doka ba ne a kasashen Turai sai dai Belarus, Vatican City (duk da haka, babu makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Vatican City) da kuma Transnistria da ba a san su ba. A shekara ta 2016, kimanin kasashe 128 sun haramta azabtar da jiki a makarantu, gami da kusan dukkanin Turai da mafi yawan Kudancin Amurka da Gabashin Asiya. Kimanin kasashe 69 har yanzu suna ba da izinin azabtar da jiki a makarantu, gami da wasu sassan Amurka da kasashe da yawa a Afirka da Asiya.

 Ma'anar 
Hukuncin jiki a cikin mahallin makarantu a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 da farkon ƙarni na 21 an bayyana shi daban-daban kamar haka: haifar da ciwo da gangan ga yaro don mayar da martani ga halayyar da ba a so da / ko harshe,  "ma'ana da ciwo na jiki ko rashin jin daɗi ta hanyar wani jami'i a cikin tsarin ilimi a kan dalibi a matsayin hukunci ga halayya mara kyau",  da kuma "azin gangan na ciwo na zahiri a matsayin hanyar canza halayyar" (ba amfani da lokaci-lokaci na hana ɗalibi ko wasu daga cutar nan take ba).Greydanus, D.E.; Pratt, H.D.; Spates, Richard C.; Blake-Dreher, A.E.; Greydanus-Gearhart, M.A.; Patel, D.R. (May 2003). "Corporal punishment in schools: position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine" (PDF). J Adolesc Health. 32 (5): 385–93. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00042-9. PMID 12729988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2009.

 Yaduwar 
Hukuncin jiki ya kasance a cikin makarantu a sassa da yawa na duniya, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata an haramta shi a kasashe 128 ciki har da duk Turai da mafi yawan Kudancin Amurka, da kuma Kanada, Japan, Afirka ta Kudu, New Zealand da sauran kasashe da yawa. Ya kasance sananne a kasashe da yawa a Afirka, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya (duba jerin ƙasashe, a ƙasa).

Duk da yake yawancin Jihohin Amurka sun haramta azabtar da jiki a makarantun jihohi, ana ci gaba da ba da izini mafi yawa a Jihohin Kudancin. A cewar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka, sama da dalibai 216,000 sun fuskanci horo na jiki a lokacin shekara ta 2008-09. 

 Dubi kuma 

 Cin zarafin yara
 Hukuncin jiki a gida
 Kamfen da ake yi game da azabtarwa ta jiki
 Dokokin azabtar da yara
 Makarantar Blab
 Cin zarafin makaranta
 Horar da makaranta
 sansanin Boot da WWASP

 Ƙarin karantawa 

 [Hotuna a shafi na 9] "Hukuncin jiki na makaranta a cikin hangen nesa na duniya: yaduwa, sakamakon, da ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani". Ilimin halayyar dan adam, kiwon lafiya da magani. 22: 224–239. - Ya haɗa da bayanan bayanai game da matsayin doka na azabtar da jiki a makaranta a duk faɗin duniya. 

 Manazarta