Shirye-shiryen yawan jama'a a Singapore

Shirye-shiryen yawan jama'a a Singapore ya nuna manufofi daban-daban don jinkirta da haɓaka yawan jama'ar Singapore. Singapore ta fara shirye-shiryen tsara yawan jama'a a cikin ƙoƙari na jinkirta da juyar da saurin karuwar haihuwa wanda ya fara bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. Daga baya, daga shekarun 1980, an tsara manufofi don ci gaba, ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa uwaye su sami ƙarin yara. A cikin 2020, yawan yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara a Singapore ya kasance -0.3%, kuma yawan yawan haihuwa na mazaunin (TFR) ya kasance 1.10, ƙasa da yawan maye gurbin 2.1. A cikin 2023, ya ci gaba da raguwa zuwa 0.97.

Mataki na farko ya fara ne tare da ƙaddamar da Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Iyali da Jama'a ta Singapore a cikin 1966 don inganta tsarin iyali bayan Singapore ta fuskanci "kashin abinci da gidaje bayan yakin". SFPPB ta yi niyya ga mutane masu ƙarancin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, musamman mata, kuma ta yi aiki don ƙarfafa amfani da hana daukar ciki, kamar condoms da hana haihuwa. SFPPB ta ba da shawara ga ƙananan iyalai, ta kafa shirin "Stop-at-Two", wanda ya karfafa kuma ya amfana da iyalai biyu da kuma sake haihuwa. SFPPB kuma ta bude karin asibitoci don inganta kiwon lafiya da jin dadin iyalai. Baya ga karfafa kananan iyalai, manufofi da gwamnati ta kafa a lokacin zamanin "Stop-at Two" sun daina karfafawa da samun yara fiye da biyu; ba a biya ma'aikatan farar hula hutun haihuwa ba bayan yaransu na biyu, kudaden asibiti na yara sun fi girma ga na uku da na gaba, an ba da zaɓin makaranta na sama ga yara kawai tare da iyaye waɗanda aka yi musu kaciya kafin su kai shekaru 40, kuma an ba da haihuwa kanta da kwanaki bakwai na hutun biyan.

Shirin gwamnati "Stop-at-Two" ya ci nasara wajen cimma iyakantaccen ci gaba, amma kuma an danganta shi da raguwar yawan jama'ar Singapore. Bayan kamfen ɗin "Stop-at-Two", shirin yawan jama'a ya ɗauki nau'in ƙoƙari na juyar da raguwar yawan haihuwa. Gwamnatin Singapore ta zama mai goyon bayan haihuwa, kuma a hukumance ta sanar da maye gurbin ta "Have-Three-or-More (idan za ku iya iya samun shi) " kamfen a shekarar 1987, inda gwamnati ta fara karfafawa da karfafa manyan iyalai ga iyalai masu zaman kansu. Bugu da ƙari, an kafa Sashin Ci Gaban Jama'a (SDU) a cikin 1984 don inganta aure da soyayya tsakanin masu ilimi. Wannan mataki na biyu na shirin yawan jama'a bai yi nasara ba wajen isa da kiyaye yawan maye gurbin."Singapore Population Control Policies – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

 Ƙuntata ci gaba 

 Yakin jarirai da yawa 
Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu a shekara ta 1945, an kimanta ci gaban yawan jama'ar Singapore ba zai yiwu ba saboda burinta na tattalin arziki; akwai kimanin miliyan 1 da aka haifa tsakanin shekarun 1947 da 1964, tare da jimlar haihuwar rayuwa da ke ƙaruwa da kashi 58%.

A wannan lokacin, matsakaicin ci gaban shekara-shekara ya kasance 4.4%, wanda 1% ya kasance saboda shige da fice. Singapore ta sami mafi girman yawan haihuwa a shekara ta 1957 a 42.7 ga kowane mutum dubu. Hadarin da ke tattare da yawan jama'a ciki har da raguwar albarkatu, lalacewar muhalli, karuwar rashin aikin yi, da karuwar farashin rayuwa sun haifar da martani na ci gaban gwamnati.""Baby Boom Generation in Singapore and its Impact of Ageing"". Engineering and Technology International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 8: 809–817. 2014.

 Damuwa da yawan jama'a 
A lokacin samun 'yancin kai, yawancin mutanen Singapore da ke zaune a Yankin Tsakiya sun zauna a cikin shagunan da suka cika da mutane. A cikin 1947, Rahoton Kwamitin Gidajen Burtaniya ya lura cewa Singapore tana da "ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin ƙauyuka a duniya - 'abin kunya ga al'umma mai wayewa'", kuma matsakaicin mutum a kowane gini ya kasance 18.2 a shekara ta 1947. An fahimci saurin karuwar Yawan jama'a a matsayin barazana ga "tsarin siyasa da yanayin rayuwa". Irin wannan yanayin zai haifar da yawa jama'a, wanda aka yi tunanin ya mamaye damar aiki da ayyukan zamantakewa a ilimi, kiwon lafiya da tsabtace muhalli. Wadannan damuwa sun haifar da maye gurbin Singapore Improvement Trust tare da Hukumar Gidaje da Ci Gaban don samar da sake zama ga yawan jama'ar Singapore.

Duk da faduwarsu tun 1957, yawan haihuwa a cikin shekarun 1960 har yanzu ana ganin shi da yawa. A matsakaici, an haifi jariri kowane minti 11 a cikin 1965; Asibitin Kandang Kerbau (KKH) - asibitin mata inda aka haifi yawancin jarirai a Singapore - ya ga fiye da 100 haihuwa a kowace rana a cikin 1962. A cikin 1966, KKH ta haifi jarirai 39,835, wanda ya ba shi wuri a cikin Guinness Book of World Records don "mafi yawan haihuwa a cikin wurin haihuwa guda ɗaya" a kowace shekara na shekaru goma. Saboda yawanci akwai karancin gadaje a wannan zamanin, an sallami uwaye da ke da haihuwa na yau da kullun daga asibitoci cikin awanni 24.

 Gabatar da shirin iyali 
An gabatar da shirin iyali a Singapore a cikin 1949 ta ƙungiyar masu sa kai karkashin jagorancin mai fafutuka Constance Goh. Ƙungiyar masu sa kai ta ƙarshe ta zama Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Iyali ta Singapore kuma ta kafa Asibitocin kiwon lafiya na jima'i da yawa waɗanda ke ba da maganin hana haihuwa, jiyya ga ƙananan cututtukan mata, da shawarar aure. Har zuwa shekarun 1960, babu wata manufa ta gwamnati a cikin tsarin iyali, amma Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya bayan yakin da gwamnatin Singapore mai zuwa, sun ba da tallafi da ƙasa don cibiyar sadarwar kayan aikinta ga ƙungiyar. Wannan hadin gwiwar ta ƙare a cikin 1960 tare da kamfen ɗin tsara iyali na watanni uku na ƙasa wanda Ƙungiyar da gwamnati suka gudanar tare. Yawan karuwar jama'a ya ragu daga 4-5% a kowace shekara a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa kusan 2.5% a cikin 1965 game da 'yancin kai. Yawan haihuwa ya fadi zuwa 29.5 ga kowane mutum dubu, kuma yawan ci gaban halitta ya fadi zuwa 2.5%.

Ana iya ganin fadada yawan jama'ar Singapore a cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa:
+Girman yawan jama'a 1947-2000 LokacinGirma1947–195784.7%1957–197090.8%1970–198013.3%1980–199018.5%1990–200020.6%2000–201040.9%

 Kafawar FPPB 
A shekara ta 1959, Jam'iyyar People's Action Party ta zo mulki a zaben farko bayan bayar da ikon cin gashin kanta na cikin gida na Singapore. A watan Satumbar 1965 Ministan Lafiya, Yong Nyuk Lin, ya gabatar da fararen takarda ga Majalisar, yana ba da shawarar Shirin Shirye-shiryen Iyali na Shekaru biyar wanda zai rage yawan haihuwa zuwa 20.0 ga kowane mutum dubu a shekarar 1970. Wannan shirin ya zama sananne da Shirin Iyali na Kasa. Bayan shekara guda a 1966, an kafa Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Iyali da Jama'a ta Singapore (SFPPB) bisa ga binciken farar takarda, tana ba da sabis na asibiti da ilimin jama'a game da tsara iyali."Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011. Da farko an ware kasafin kuɗi na $ 1 miliyan SGD don dukan shirin, SFPPB ta fuskanci yawan jama'a masu tsayayya, amma daga ƙarshe ta yi aiki sama da 156,000. Kungiyar Shirye-shiryen Iyali ta Singapore ta shiga cikin ayyukan SFPPB. 

 Tsayawa-da-Biyu 

A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Singapore ƙasa ce mai tasowa kuma ba ta riga ta sami Canjin yawan jama'a ba; kodayake yawan haihuwa ya fadi daga 1957 zuwa 1970. A shekara ta 1970, yawan haihuwa ya karu yayin da mata wadanda kansu suka kasance samfurin jarirai bayan yakin suka kai ga balaga. Tsoron cewa karuwar yawan jama'ar Singapore na iya mamaye tattalin arzikin da ke ci gaba, Lee ya fara kamfen din Tsayawa a Biyu na tsara iyali. An halatta zubar da ciki da rashin haihuwa a shekarar 1970, kuma an bukaci mata su sami rashin haihuwa bayan ɗansu na biyu."Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.Wong, Theresa; Brenda Yeoh (2003). "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pro-natalist Population Policies in Singapore" (PDF). Asian Metacentre Research Paper Series (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.

Har ila yau, gwamnati ta kara da karuwar abubuwan da ke karuwa da karkatarwa tsakanin 1968 da 1973, suna hukunta iyaye don samun yara fiye da biyu, suna kara farashin kowane yaro: "Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.

 A cikin 1968 tare da Dokar Aiki, ma'aikatan mata ba za su sami izinin haihuwa ga ɗansu na huɗu ko duk wani yaro na gaba ba; 
 A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1969, an kara kudin haihuwa na $ 10 da aka caje a asibitocin haihuwa na gwamnati zuwa $ 50 bayan jariri na uku; 
 A cikin 1972, an gabatar da waɗannan matakan:  Ƙarfafawa: Rashin cajin haihuwa a asibitocin haihuwa na Gwamnati ga mata waɗanda ke fama da rashin haihuwa bayan haihuwa. Ga marasa lafiya na C-class waɗanda suka sha wahala, ana rage cajin unguwar. Hakanan ana dakatar da cajin isar da gwamnati idan mijin ya yi rashin haihuwa a cikin wata guda bayan matar ta haifi ɗa. Marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin haihuwa ana ba su izinin likita a kan sharuddan karimci. Rashin karfafawa: Kudin isar a asibitocin gwamnati yana ƙaruwa tare da kowane ƙarin yaro. Ba a ba da izinin haihuwa don haihuwar yaro na huɗu da yara masu zuwa ba. Ba a ba da fifiko ga manyan iyalai a cikin rabon Gidaje da Ci Gaban Gidaje ba.
 Ƙarfafawa: Rashin biyan kuɗin haihuwa a asibitocin haihuwa na gwamnati ga mata waɗanda ke fama da rashin haihuwa bayan haihuwa. Ga marasa lafiya na C-class waɗanda suka sha wahala, ana rage cajin unguwar. Hakanan ana dakatar da cajin isar da gwamnati idan mijin ya yi rashin haihuwa a cikin wata guda bayan matar ta haifi ɗa. Marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin haihuwa ana ba su izinin likita a kan sharuddan karimci.
 Rashin biyan bashin haihuwa a asibitocin haihuwa na gwamnati ga mata da ke fama da rashin haihuwa bayan haihuwa.
 Ga marasa lafiya na C-class waɗanda suka sha wahala, ana rage cajin unguwar.
 Hakanan ana dakatar da cajin isar da gwamnati idan mijin ya yi rashin haihuwa a cikin wata guda bayan matar ta haifi ɗa.
 Marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin haihuwa ana ba su izinin likita a kan sharuddan karimci.
 Rashin karfafawa: Kudin isar a asibitocin gwamnati yana ƙaruwa tare da kowane ƙarin yaro. Ba a ba da izinin haihuwa don haihuwar yaro na huɗu da yara masu zuwa ba. Ba a ba da fifiko ga manyan iyalai a cikin rabon Gidaje da Ci Gaban Gidaje ba.
 Kudin isar da shi a asibitocin gwamnati yana ƙaruwa tare da kowane ƙarin yaro.
 Ba a ba da izinin haihuwa don haihuwar yaro na huɗu da yara masu zuwa ba.
 Ba a ba da fifiko ga manyan iyalai a cikin rabon Gidaje da Ci Gaban Gidaje ba.
 An sanar da sabuntawa ga waɗannan matakan da suka gabata kuma an yi muhawara a Majalisar Dattijai ta Singapore a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1972 kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1973:  Rage sauƙin harajin samun kudin shiga don rufe yara uku na farko kawai; Rage hutun haihuwa da aka biya daga uku zuwa biyu; Rage fifiko don rarraba Gidaje da Ci Gaban (HDB) ga manyan iyalai. Biyu ko ƙasa da haka suna da fifiko mafi girma, huɗu ko fiye ba za su sami fifiko ba; Ci gaba da karuwar kuɗin haihuwa da ake caji a asibitocin gwamnati bisa ga tsarin haihuwa. Ana cire waɗannan kudaden idan namiji ko mace sun yi rashin haihuwa.
 Rage sauƙin harajin samun kudin shiga don rufe yara uku na farko kawai;
 Rage hutun haihuwa da aka biya daga uku zuwa biyu.
 Rage fifiko don rarraba gidaje da Ci gaban Hukumar (HDB) ga manyan iyalai. Biyu ko ƙasa da haka suna da fifiko mafi girma, huɗu ko fiye ba za su da fifiko kaɗan;
 Ci gaba da karuwar kudaden haihuwa da aka caje a asibitocin gwamnati bisa ga tsarin haihuwa. Ana cire waɗannan kudaden idan namiji ko mace sun yi rashin haihuwa.

Kudin haihuwaWuriB WardC WardƊa ta Farko25010050Yaro na biyu30015075Yaro na Uku350150100Yaro na huɗu400250200Yaro na biyar400300

 An ba yara na uku ko na huɗu ƙananan fifiko a ilimi;
 Za a ba da fifiko mafi girma a makarantun firamare na sama kawai ga yaran da iyayensu suka yi wa haihuwa kafin su kai shekara arba'in.

Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Iyali da Jama'a ta Singapore ta kirkiro babban kayan ilimi na jama'a don kamfen ɗin Stop-at-Two, a cikin ɗaya daga cikin misalai na farko na kamfen ɗin injiniyan zamantakewar jama'a da gwamnati za ta ci gaba da aiwatarwa (Speak Mandarin, Speak Good English, National Courtesy, Keep Singapore Clean and Toilet Flushing Campaigns) wanda zai haifar da suna a matsayin "paternalistic" da "interventionist" a cikin al'amuran zamantakewa.Wong, Theresa; Brenda Yeoh (2003). "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pro-natalist Population Policies in Singapore" (PDF). Asian Metacentre Research Paper Series (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011. Kamfen din "Stop at Two" daga 1970 zuwa 1976 ya jagoranci Basskaran Nair, shugaban sashen manema labarai na Ma'aikatar Al'adu, kuma ya kirkiro hotunan da ke da gado mai dorewa: wani labarin Straits Times na 2008 ya rubuta, "masu Singapore da yawa masu matsakaicin shekaru za su tuna hotunan 'yan mata biyu masu kyau da ke raba laima da apple: Laima ya dace da biyu da kyau. Uku za su kasance taron jama'a.  An kuma ambaci wannan hoton a cikin jawabin Firayim Minista Lee Hsien Loong na 2008 National Day Rally na 2008. Sauran hotunan da yawa daga kamfen ɗin "iconic" sun haɗa da irin waɗannan jigogi na kasancewa da gamsuwa tare da 'yan mata biyu, don magance yanayin da aka saba da shi a ci gaban al'ummomin Asiya don iyalai da' ya'ya mata kawai don ci gaba da "ƙoƙarin yaro".

Baya ga inganta samun 'ya'ya biyu kawai, gwamnati ta karfafa mutane su jinkirta samun ɗansu na biyu kuma su yi aure da wuri, suna ƙarfafa Canjin yawan jama'a. Sauran taken da kayan kamfen sun gargadi 'yan Singapore da irin waɗannan sakonnin kamar:

 "Ƙananan Iyalai - Makomar Haske: Biyu sun isa" (wannan saƙon ya ƙunshi hoto na 'yan mata biyu) 
 ""Na biyu zai iya jira"" (an ga uwa da uba suna farin ciki da yaro ɗaya) 
 "Auren matasa yana nufin shiga cikin matsaloli: Aure mai farin ciki ya cancanci jira"
 "Daya, Biyu: Kuma wannan yana da kyau: Sterilisation, hanya mafi kyau don Ƙuntataccen Iyali" (wanda aka nuna tare da zane-zane na fuskokin 'yan mata biyu) 
 "Ka dauki lokacinka ka ce 'yes'"."Family Planning". National Archives. Government of Singapore. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
 Ƙananan Iyali: Makomar da ta fi dacewa
 "Don Allah ka tsaya a biyu!" (tsuntsu yana ɗauke da dangin nukiliya guda huɗu) 

Jaridar Straits Times ta yi hira da iyaye mata da aka yi musu haifuwa a wancan zamani, inda ta ce an saba samun haihuwa tun suna karama, inda ta ba da misali da wata mata da aka yi wa tiyatar tubal a KKH tana da shekara 23, ita kanta ta fito daga babban iyali mai mutane goma.  "Matsi (masu hankali) ya yi yawa. Gwamnati a fili ba ta son mu sami fiye da biyu."  Likitan likitan mata wanda ya yi aiki KKH ya tuna cewa adadin haifuwa ya zama "sama mai girma" bayan an aiwatar da abubuwan hana;  ya zama ruwan dare ga ma’aikatan asibiti su yi wa matan da ke da juna biyu ciki na uku ko fiye da haihuwa, suna ba da shawarar zubar da ciki, yayin da irin wadannan matan ke magana game da cikin su “[kamar] sun aikata laifi”.  Har ila yau jaridar Straits Times ta ba da shawarar cewa abubuwan da ba su da amfani sun yi tasiri sosai;  wata mata ta ba da misali da yadda ya kamata a nuna wa wata makaranta takardar shaidar haihuwa domin yaro na uku ya samu fifiko, yayin da ita da wasu ’yan’uwa mata hudu cikin biyar aka yi musu baftisma.  Kudaden bayarwa masu tsada ("kudaden ajiya") na oda na uku da na haihuwa kuma za a yi watsi da su tare da haifuwa..

An san kamfen ɗin da ke da niyya ga marasa ilimi musamman; Lee ya yi imanin cewa, "Ilimi kyauta da Gidaje masu tallafi suna haifar da halin da ake ciki inda mutanen da ba su da wadataccen tattalin arziki ... ke haifuwa da kansu a [mafi girma]. "Ya yi imanin gore aiwatar da tsarin hana gwamnati zai dakatar da "marasa alhakin, masu aikata laifuka na zamantakewa" daga tunanin cewa samun karin yara zai ba su damar samun karin ayyukan zamantakewa da gwamnati ta bayar.

 Dole ne mu karfafa wadanda ke samun kasa da $ 200 a kowane wata kuma ba za mu iya iya ciyar da yara da yawa ba za su taba samun fiye da biyu ba. za mu yi nadamar lokacin da ya ɓace idan yanzu ba mu ɗauki matakai na farko na gwaji don gyara yanayin da zai iya barin al'ummarmu tare da adadi mai yawa na jiki, ilimi da al'adu ba. Lee Kuan Yew, 1969 

Gwamnati ta tabbatar da manufofinta na zamantakewa a matsayin hanyar ƙarfafa matalauta su mai da hankali kan iyakantaccen albarkatun su kan kula da yaransu da ke akwai, suna sa su iya zama masu iyawa, 'yan ƙasa masu amfani."Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta amsa zargi cewa wannan manufofin ya fi son kasar Sin a kan kabilun 'yan tsiraru; An yi la'akari da Malays da Indiyawa don samun yawan haihuwa da iyalai mafi girma fiye da Sinawa, wanda ya kara kara kara zarge-zargen eugenics.

 Canjin yawan jama'a da Shirin Iyaye masu digiri 
Yayin da Singapore ta zama ta zamani a cikin shekarun 1970s, haihuwa ta ci gaba da raguwa. Adadin maye gurbin halitta ya kai 1.006 a cikin 1975; bayan haka adadin maye gurbin zai sauka ƙasa da hadin kai. Bugu da ƙari, abin da ake kira "Kyautar yawan jama'a" yana faruwa a Singapore kamar yadda yake tare da wasu ƙasashe; karuwar samun kudin shiga, ilimi da kiwon lafiya da rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin ma'aikata suna da alaƙa sosai da matakan ƙarancin yawan jama'ar. A cewar wata takarda ta Library of Congress, a cikin shekarun 1980, "Matsalolin kididdigar Singapore sun yi kama da na wasu ƙasashe masu matakan samun kudin shiga amma ba tare da kamfen ɗin talla na Singapore da kuma ƙididdigar abubuwan da suka dace ba. ""Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.

Lee Kuan Yew ya firgita game da yanayin da ake ganin cewa mata masu ilimi - mafi yawan wadanda suka yi karatu a jami'a - ba za su iya yin aure da haihuwa ba.  Irin wannan yanayin zai yi hannun riga da manufofinsa na yawan jama'a, kuma wani ɓangare na wannan gazawar, Lee hasashe, shine "babban fifikon maza waɗanda suka kammala jami'a don matan da ba su da ilimi sosai".  An dauki wannan yanayin a cikin jawabin 1983 a matsayin "matsalar zamantakewa".  Tun daga 1984, gwamnatin Singapore ta ba da fifikon ilimi da gidaje, rangwamen haraji da sauran fa'idodi ga iyaye mata masu digiri na jami'a, da kuma 'ya'yansu.  Gwamnatin ta kuma karfafa gwiwar mazan kasar Singapore da su zabi mata masu ilimi a matsayin mata, inda ta kafa Sashen Cigaban Jama'a (SDU) a waccan shekarar don inganta zamantakewa tsakanin maza da mata da suka kammala karatun digiri.  Abin ban mamaki, SDU an san ta da sunan " Single, Desperate and Ugly ".  Haka kuma gwamnati ta bayar da tallafi ga iyaye mata masu ilimi domin su haifi ’ya’ya uku ko hudu, a lokacin da aka fara sauya tsarin da aka kafa ta Stop at Two.  Matakan sun haifar da cece-kuce da kuma abin da aka fi sani da Babban Muhawarar Aure a cikin jaridu.  Wasu sassan jama'a, ciki har da matan da suka kammala karatun digiri, sun ji haushin ra'ayin Lee Kuan Yew, wanda ya yi tambaya cewa watakila yakin neman 'yancin mata ya yi nasara sosai:

Ra'ayoyin Lee sun nuna matsayinsa na farko - a cikin 1967, an rubuta Lee a matsayin mai gaskata cewa "kashi biyar" na yawan jama'ar al'umma, "waɗanda suke da baiwa fiye da yadda aka saba da shi a jiki da tunani," ya kamata a ba su mafi kyawun ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa don samar da "mai haɓaka" ga ci gaban wannan al'umma. Ya yi la'akari da cewa irin wannan manufa ga Singapore za ta "tabbatar da cewa Singapore za ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin matsayi na musamman" a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Irin wannan ra'ayi ya tsara manufofin ilimi da meritocracy a Singapore.

Koyaya, hargitsi game da shawarar ya haifar da sauyawa na kashi 12.9 cikin dari a kan gwamnatin Jam'iyyar People's Action a Babban zaben 1984. A shekara ta 1985, musamman ɓangarorin da ke da rikice-rikice na manufofin da suka ba da ilimi da gidaje ga mata masu ilimi an watsar da su ko kuma an gyara su."Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 1992 ya lura cewa kashi 61% na mata masu haihuwa suna da ilimin sakandare ko mafi girma, amma wannan rabo ya ragu don haihuwa na uku (52%) da haihuwa na huɗu ko mafi girma (36%), yana tallafawa ra'ayin cewa ana ci gaba da haihuwar yara ga mata masu ƙarancin cancanta, kuma daidai da haka, ƙananan kuɗin shiga. An ba da ƙarfafawa da yawa ga mata masu digiri don yin aure da haihuwa don haifar da jarirai waɗanda aka yi imanin cewa suna da 'masu basira sosai' don haɓaka ƙwarewa a Singapore. Mata ba tare da cancantar O-Level ba, waɗanda ake la'akari da ƙarancin kuɗi da ƙaranci, gwamnati ta ba su hutun rashin lafiya na kwana bakwai da $ 10,000 SGD a cikin kuɗin motsa jiki don yin aikin haihuwa.Wong, Theresa; Brenda Yeoh (2003). "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pro-natalist Population Policies in Singapore" (PDF). Asian Metacentre Research Paper Series (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.

 Mataki na 2: Ƙara haihuwa 

 Have-Three-or-More (idan za ku iya saya) 
A cikin 1986 gwamnatin Singapore ta fahimci cewa faɗuwar adadin haihuwa babbar matsala ce kuma ta fara sauya manufarta ta Dakata-A Biyu, tana ƙarfafa haɓakar ƙimar haihuwa maimakon.  A ranar 30 ga watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, hukumomi sun soke hukumar tsara iyali da yawan jama'a, kuma a shekarar 1987, yawan haihuwa ya ragu zuwa 1.44.  A waccan shekarar, Goh Chok Tong ya sanar da wani sabon taken: Yi uku ko sama da haka (idan za ku iya biya), yana mai sanar da cewa a yanzu gwamnati ta inganta girman iyali na yara uku ko fiye ga ma'auratan da za su iya ba da su, kuma ta inganta "jin dadin aure da iyaye".  Sabuwar manufar ta yi la'akari da faduwar yawan haihuwa na Singapore da kuma karuwar yawan tsofaffi, amma har yanzu ya damu da "haihuwa mara kyau" na masu ilimi da marasa ilimi, kuma sun hana samun yara fiye da biyu idan ma'aurata ba su da isasshen kudin shiga, don rage yawan taimakon jin dadin da ake kashewa ga irin wadannan iyalai.[3]  Gwamnati ta kuma sassauta manufofinta na shige da fice. 

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1987, Firayim Minista na gaba Lee Hsien Loong, wanda a lokacin matashi ne Brigadier-General, ya gargadi 'yan Singapore su haifi su maimakon "duba kanmu da za su ƙare". United Press International ta lura da martani na "baffle" na iyaye, da yawa daga cikinsu sun girma a zamanin da aka gaya musu cewa samun yara fiye da biyu "ba na jama'a ba ne". Wani iyaye ya yi sharhi, "an gaya mana mu sami karin yara saboda kasar ko kuma don kanmu?"  Goh Chok Tong, duk da shakku, ya kasance mai kyakkyawan fata cewa za a mayar da yawan jama'a zuwa yawan maye gurbin zuwa 1995. Wani masanin zamantakewar al'umma na NUS duk da haka, ya lura cewa Singapore tana da "sabon nau'in mata" - wanda "ya shiga cikin ayyukansu [kuma] ya yi amfani da wani adadin nishaɗi da ƙarin kayan aiki" - sabili da haka ba zai kasance mai karɓar karfafa kuɗi kamar matan da suka gabata na shekarun 1960 da 1970 ba.[and] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011, ba a dawo da yawan haihuwar Singapore zuwa matakin maye gurbin ba.

 Kwatanta manufofi tsakanin Have-Three-or-More da Stop-at-Two, farawa daga 1988 

 Iyaye da ke da ɗa na uku za su sami 750 SGD a cikin taimakon yara (wanda ya haifar da ƙimar musayar tarihi, wannan ya kasance kusan $ 662 a cikin dala na Amurka na 2010). Idan uwa tana da 'O'-mataki uku a cikin zama ɗaya, za ta cancanci ingantaccen tallafin yara (wanda aka saukar da shi daga ƙofar wucewa biyar). Samun yaro na huɗu zai cancanci ingantaccen taimakon yaro na 750 SGD tare da 15% na kuɗin shiga na uwa, har zuwa 10000 SGD.
 Dukkanin hanawa da azabtarwa da aka bayar a rajistar makaranta ga iyalai da ke da yara sama da biyu za a cire su; a gaban gasar, za a ba da fifiko ga iyalai masu yara sama da guda biyu.
 Taimako ga kowane yaro a cibiyar kula da yara da gwamnati ta amince da ita
 Medisave yanzu za a iya ba da izini don farashin asibiti na yaro na uku (wanda aka haramta a baya a karkashin manufofin Stop at Two) 
 Iyalai da ke da yara fiye da biyu tare da HDB flat na ɗakuna uku ko sama da haka za su sami fifiko idan suna so su inganta zuwa babban ɗakin
 "Aburin da ya dace" ya hana, tare da ba da shawara game da zubar da cikishawarwarin zubar da ciki
 Mata da ke fama da rashin haihuwa tare da kasa da yara uku za su sami shawarwari na tilas
 fadada rawar da SDU ke takawa da iko; fahimtar cewa ƙarancin haihuwa ya nuna auren da ya gabata, SDU ta kuma jawo hankalin waɗanda ke da ƙwarewar A-level maimakon kawai masu karatun koleji
 Farawa da 1990, an ba da ragi na haraji na 20,000 SGD (US $ 18,000 a cikin dala na 2010, tare da la'akari da farashin musayar tarihi) ga uwaye da suka haifi ɗansu na biyu kafin su kai shekara 28
 Farawa daga shekara ta 1993, an ba da tallafin kuɗi na rashin haihuwa ga mata masu ƙwarewa, yana ba mata damar yarda da amfani da maganin hana daukar ciki mai juyawa maimakon rashin haihuwa; an kara tallafin ilimi ga yara da ke akwai a matsayin fa'idodin da ke akwai, muddin adadin bai wuce biyu ba.Mui, Teng Yap (1995). "Singapore's 'Three or More' Policy: The First Five Years". Asia-Pacific Population Journal. 10 (4): 39–52. PMID 12291532. Retrieved 11 August 2011.

Mataki na Biyu ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 1960. Yawan ƙaruwa na halitta (kowane yawan mutane 1,000) tsakanin shekarun 1955-1960 (shekaru biyar da suka gabata zuwa mataki na biyu) ya kasance 35.4. Shekaru biyar zuwa goma bayan haka, yawan ƙaruwa ya ragu zuwa 27.8. Bayan haka, shekaru 20 bayan haka yawan karuwar ya ci gaba da raguwa. Yawan karuwa tsakanin lokacin 1980-1985, ya kasance 12.2, kuma shekaru da yawa bayan haka, tsakanin shekarun 2010-2015 yawan karuwa, ya ci gaba da raguwa zuwa 4.6. Ƙarin ƙaruwa mafi ƙasƙanci da aka gani a Singapore kuma bisa ga bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (2017) zai ci gaba da raguwa. An yi hasashen karuwar yanayi a Singapore zai ragu zuwa 1.2 tsakanin lokacin 2025-2030.
Jama'ar SingaporeLokacin lokaciYawan karuwa na halitta1955–196035.41960–196527.81965–197019.71970–197516.81975–198011.81980–198512.21985–199013.11990–199513.41995–20009.72000–20056.72005–20105.62010–20154.6

 Kyautar zamani da ayyukan yanzu 
SDU ta zamani, wacce aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Ci Gaban Jama'a a cikin shekara ta 2009, tana ƙarfafa duk ma'aurata na Singapore su haifi haihuwa kuma su yi aure don juyar da mummunan maye gurbin Singapore. Wasu daga cikin jin dadin jama'a, soyayya da ƙarfafa aure, da manufofin tsara iyali suma ana gudanar da su ta Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Al'umma, Matasa da Wasanni.

Channel NewsAsia ta ruwaito a watan Janairun 2011 cewa yawan haihuwa na Singaporeans a cikin 2010 ya kasance 1.02 ga Sinanci, 1.13 ga Indiyawa da 1.65 ga Malay. A shekara ta 2008, Firayim Minista Lee Hsien Loong ya ce yawan haihuwa na kasa da kasa ga Sinawa "wani abu ne mai ban tsoro". A wannan shekarar, an nakalto shi yana cewa, "[Idan] ka auri wanda ba ya kammala karatu, to za ka damu idan ɗanka ko 'yarka za ta kai jami'a. "

Tushen daban-daban sun ba da hukunci daban-daban game da tasirin manufofin gwamnati akan tsarin yawan jama'a na Singapore. Duk da yake mafi yawansu sun yarda cewa manufofi sun kasance masu shiga tsakani sosai, cikakke da kuma fadi, Nazarin Kasuwancin Majalisa ya yi jayayya "ba zai yiwu a raba tasirin manufofin gwamnati daga manyan dakarun zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ke inganta auren da ƙananan iyalai ba, " yana nuna cewa gwamnati na iya aiki ne kawai tare ko aiki da abubuwan da suka fi karfi na al'umma. Ga masu binciken binciken, hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a shekarar 1987 don ƙoƙarin juyar da raguwar yawan haihuwa ya kasance nuni ne na "tsarin [ci gaba] na gwamnati" cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar karfafa kuɗi da rarraba ayyukan zamantakewa idan ya zo ga tsara iyali."Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.

Koyaya Saw Swee Hock, masanin lissafi da masanin lissafin jama'a da aka nakalto a cikin Straits Times a cikin 2008, ya yi jayayya cewa sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a "ya kasance da sauri saboda matakan kula da yawan jama'ar gwamnati," amma kuma ya yarda cewa, "ko da ba tare da ka'idojin tsayawa a Biyu ba, [cikakken haihuwa] zai tafi ƙasa da 2.1 saboda [canjin canjin yawan jama'adden lokacin da aka bincika - a cikin 1960, jimlar yawan haihuwa ya kasance kusan ~ 6 - mai bincike na Yammacin lokacin da aka ga Theresa Wong ya faɗi a cikin shekarun haihuwa ya faru a cikin shekarun Asiya ya fi haka ya fi haka lokacin da yawa ya faru a lokacin da yawa a cikin shekarun haihuwar lokacin Yammacin lokaci na Yammaci ya faru a wasu ƙasashe masu yawa"Wong, Theresa; Brenda Yeoh (2003). "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pro-natalist Population Policies in Singapore" (PDF). Asian Metacentre Research Paper Series (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011. A cewar Saw Swee Hock, "matakan sun kasance cikakke kuma suna da ƙarfi, amma ba a sauya su da sauri ba".

Kodayake sabbin manufofi na zamani suna nuna "alamu cewa gwamnati ta fara fahimtar rashin ingancin tsarin kudi kawai don kara yawan haihuwa", wani tsohon ma'aikacin gwamnati ya lura cewa gwamnati tana buƙatar "koyon daidaitawa da motsin zuciyarmu maimakon dala da cents. Ya kamata ya fi son ma'anar cikawa da haihuwa". Irin waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da inganta wuraren aiki waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ciyar da lokaci tare da iyali, da kuma ƙirƙirar "Kamfen ɗin Romancing Singapore" wanda "[ya guje wa kasancewa da alaƙa kai tsaye] ga shirye-shiryen goyon bayan yara da na goyon bayan iyali," tunda "mutane suna kashewa" lokacin da gwamnati ta bayyana ta shiga tsakani a cikin irin waɗannan al'amuran zamantakewa kamar aure. Koyaya, har yanzu wasu 'yan ƙasa suna ganin wannan a matsayin "mai banƙyama" soyayya da "bayyanar motsin rai", wanda "bai kamata a ƙirƙira shi ba".  Wong, Theresa; Brenda Yeoh (2003). "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pro-natalist Population Policies in Singapore" (PDF). Asian Metacentre Research Paper Series (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011. A shekara ta 2001, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar shirin Baby Bonus, wanda ya biya $ 9000 SGD ga yaro na biyu da $ 18000 ga yaro na uku sama da shekaru shida don "bayar da farashin samun yara", kuma zai dace da "dala don dala" abin da kudi iyaye za su sanya a cikin Asusun Ci gaban Yara (CDA) har zuwa $ 6,000 da $ 12,000 ga yaro na abụọ da na uku bi da bi. A shekara ta 2002, Goh Chok Tong ya shawarci 'yan aure masu marigayi "don yin aiki da sauri. Lokaci yana da kyau yanzu don samun zaɓi don fara iyali".
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba