'Yancin Dan Adam a Kazakhstan

'Yancin Dan Adam a Kazakhstan an bayyana su a matsayin matalauta ta masu sa ido masu zaman kansu. Human Rights Watch ta ce "Kazakhstan ta takaita 'yancin taro, magana, da Addini sosai. A cikin 2014, hukumomi sun rufe jaridu, sun daure ko kuma sun ci tarar mutane da yawa bayan zanga-zangar zaman lafiya amma ba a ba da izini ba, kuma sun ci ko kuma sun tsare masu bauta don yin addini a waje da ikon jihar. Masu sukar gwamnati, gami da shugaban adawa Vladimir Kozlov, sun kasance a tsare bayan shari'a mara adalci.

A shekara ta 2012, an zabi Kazakhstan a matsayin memba na Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . A lokacin Binciken Lokaci na Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin 2014, wakilan ƙasa "sun yi kira ga kafa Kazakhstan da hanyar hana azabtarwa da kuma cibiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta ƙasa" amma "sun raba damuwa game da ƙuntatawa ta doka akan' yanci".

Tun daga shekara ta 2019, Kazakhstan tana aiki tare da Majalisar Turai kan inganta bangarori a cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam da mulkin doka, gami da ta hanyar Shirin Turai na ''Yancin ɗan adam ga Kwararrun Shari'a (HELP), shirin horo ga masu sana'ar shari'a na Kazakh. Shirin yana gudana har zuwa Shekarar  2022.

A watan Satumbar 2020, Kazakhstan ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Biyu ga Alkawarin Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, inda ta yi alkawarin kawar da hukuncin kisa. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da al'ummomin duniya sun karɓi wannan da kyau. Amnesty International ta kira labarai masu ƙarfafawa.

Babban wakilin a Asiya ta Tsakiya na Hukumar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, UNHCR, ya nuna aikin Kazakhstan kan rikicin' yan gudun hijira don "bayyana jagorancin kasar wajen inganta yardar kabilanci".  Majalisar Dinkinobho a Kazakhstan ta tabbatar da cewa Gwamnatin Kazakhstan ta goyi bayan Tsarin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar Dinkin Turai don Ci Gaban kasar da shawararta, da kuma aiwatar da hanyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin duniya. 

A watan Yunin Shekarar  2021, shugaban kasar Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev ya sanya hannu kan dokar "A kan karin matakan kare hakkin dan adam a Kazakhstan", wanda aka yi niyya don kare hakkin 'yan tsiraru da kungiyoyi masu rauni, kamar mata da nakasassu, da kuma inganta hadin kai tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.

 Siyasa, 'yancin magana da' yan jarida 
An bayar da rahoton cewa an ƙuntata maganganun siyasa a Kazakhstan a cikin watanni da suka kai ga zaben shugaban kasa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005, a cewar masu lura, gami da Human Rights Watch da Freedom House .  An ruwaito cewa hukumomin Kazakh sun yi ƙoƙari su ƙuntata 'yancin magana da kuma rufe kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin jama'a. A watan Satumba, gidan buga littattafai na Vremya ya soke kwangila tare da jaridu bakwai, ba tare da wani bayani ba. Hakazalika, wasu kamfanonin bugawa a tsohon babban birnin Kazakhstan, Almaty, suma sun ki buga littattafan. Bayan yajin aikin yunwa na mako-mako da editocin waɗannan takardun suka yi, gidan wallafe-wallafen Daur ya amince da buga jaridu biyar. Kusan dukkanin kafofin watsa labarai na Kazakhstan mallakar kamfanoni ne da ke da alaƙa da gwamnati; jaridu wasu daga cikin 'yan asalin rahoto masu zaman kansu ne.

Wasu masu lura da kasashen waje, ciki har da HRW, sun lura da karuwar damuwa a cikin gwamnatin Kazakh bayan juyin juya halin dimokuradiyya na baya-bayan nan a tsoffin jihohin Soviet ciki har da Georgia, Ukraine da Kyrgyzstan. Kokarin hana rashin amincewa kafin zaben 2 ga Disamba 2005 na iya nuna yunkurin gwamnati na hana irin wannan canji daga faruwa a Kazakhstan.

A cikin 2016 Astana ta dauki bakuncin tattaunawar tebur a ranar 10 ga Disamba. Wannan taron ya haɗu da jami'an Kazakh da wakilan kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kamar su Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shige da Fice (IOM), EU, Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), Kungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai (OSCE). 

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2018 Dmitry Senyavskii, shugaban Kungiyar kwadago a Kazakhstan ya kai masa hari kuma wasu mutane da ba a san su ba suka yi masa duka kuma an kai shi asibiti. Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) ta yi kira akai-akai ga gwamnatin Kazakhstan da ta sauya dokokin cinikayya da ke hanawa da kuma kula da alkawuranta tare da haƙƙin ma'aikata na duniya.

 Hakkin yin shari'a mai kyau 
A cewar rahoton gwamnatin Amurka da aka fitar a shekarar 2014, a Kazakhstan:
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Kasa da kashi daya cikin dari na wadanda ake tuhuma an wanke su a shari'ar gurfanar da jama'a a kotunan shari'a. A halin yanzu, kotunan daukaka kara suna sauya sauye-sauye sau da yawa fiye da yanke hukunci.

 'Yanci na addini 
A shekara ta 1992 bayan samun 'yancin kai Kazakhstan ta karɓi Dokar 'Yanci na Addini da Ƙungiyoyin Addini, wanda ke da niyyar tabbatar da haƙuri tsakanin addinai da' yancin addini. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, akwai kungiyoyin addini sama da 3400 a Kazakhstan.

Human Rights Watch duk da haka ya ce "Ƙungiyoyin addinai na ƙanƙanta sun ci gaba da fuskantar tarar da tsare-tsare na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 2014 don keta dokar addini mai hanawa". Wani mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da 'yancin addini ya ba da shawarar "gyare-gyare masu nisa" ga dokar addini ta 2011, gano, alal misali, cewa "al'ummomin addini da ba a yi rajista ba ... suna fama da mummunar keta 'yancin addininsu".

Don inganta tattaunawar addinai da kuma hana rikice-rikicen addini a duk duniya, Kazakhstan tana karbar bakuncin taron shugabannin addinai na duniya da na gargajiya. An gudanar da taron farko a shekara ta 2003 kuma wakilan addini 17 ne suka halarta.

Don magance barazanar tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini, Majalisar Shugabannin Addinai na Duniya da na Al'ada ta gudanar da taron kasa da kasa, Addinai da Ta'addanci, a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2016. Wata rana bayan haka Majalisa ta gudanar da zamanta na 15 a Astana.

Kungiyar Ayyukan 'Yancin Addini ta farko tsakanin gwamnatin Kazakhstan da wakilan Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka sun faru a Kazakhstan a watan Mayun shekarar 2019. Wakilan Hukumar Amurka kan 'Yancin Addini na Duniya (USCIRF) sun shiga cikin Kungiyar Aiki. "A cewar rahoton USCIRF, al'ummomin addini "suna da kyakkyawar tattaunawa da gwamnati kuma sun yi imanin cewa hanyarsu a kasar tana da kyau. "

 A shekarar 2006 Hare Krishna korar mutane 
A ranar 20 ga watan  Nuwamba, shekara ta 2006, bas uku cike da 'Yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya, motoci biyu, da masu zartarwa na gundumar Karasai sun isa al'umma a cikin yanayi mara kyau kuma sun kori mabiyan Hare Krishna daga gidaje goma sha uku, waɗanda' yan sanda suka ci gaba da rushewa. Ofishin Labaran Forum 18 ya ruwaito, " 'yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya wadanda suka shiga cikin lalacewar sun jefa kayan mutum na masu bautar Hare Krishna cikin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma masu bautar da yawa sun bar ba tare da tufafi ba. An yanke wutar lantarki da tsarin dumama kafin a fara rushewa. An ɗora kayan gida da manyan kayan gida a kan motoci. Jami' yancin sun yi ƙoƙari su shiga gidan ba da izini don halakar da su 'yan sanda suka yi amfani da su' Yanki 15.

 An  kama mambobin kungiyar WhatsApp a shekarar 2018 
A cikin 2018, Kazakh" id="mwrA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Government of Kazakhstan">gwamnatin Kazakhstan ta kama mutane tara na Kazakh wadanda suka kasance mambobi ne na Tattaunawar rukuni don tattauna Islama a kan aikace-aikacen saƙo WhatsApp .  An ƙaddara kama su a matsayin keta dokar kasa da kasa ta ƙungiyar aiki kan tsare-tsare. Koyaya, biyar daga cikin mazajen sun kasance a kurkuku, kuma huɗu da ba a ɗaure su ba har yanzu suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa. Biyar da suka kasance a kurkuku sune: Beket Mynbasov, Samat Adilov, Nazim Abdrakhmanov, Ernar Samatov da Bolatbek Nurgaliyev . 

 zanga-zangar 

 Yajin aikin ma'aikatan mai na Zhanaozen a shekarar 2011 
A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, an yi rikici tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da 'yan sanda saboda bukatun tsohon na inganta yanayin aiki da albashi mafi girma. Masu zanga-zangar sun kunshi ma'aikatan mai tare da filayen mai suna amsawa ta hanyar korar daruruwan ma'aikata. Shaidu sun yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun bude wuta a kan masu zanga-zangar da ba su da makamai a garin Zhanaozen, amma a cewar jami'an gwamnati an tilasta wa' yan sanda kare kansu. Rikicin ya faru ne lokacin da 'yan sanda suka yi kokarin share filin garin saboda ranar 20 ga' yancin kai ta Kazakhstan. Akwai alamun yunkurin tantance bayanan da ke fitowa, tare da masu amfani da intanet suna ba da rahoton matsaloli don samun damar shafukan yanar gizo masu zaman kansu da Twitter. A cewar majiyoyin hukuma an gano mutane 15 da suka mutu bayan rikice-rikicen.

 zanga-zangar sake fasalin ƙasa ta a shekarar 2016 
A cikin Afrilu da Mayu 2016, Kazakhs sun nuna rashin amincewa [pl; ru] dangane da canje-canje a cikin doka dangane da mallakar ƙasa. An kama masu fafutuka da masu zanga-zangar ɗari biyu.

 zanga-zangar  shekarar 2019 
An gudanar da zanga-zangar ne a watan Fabrairu bayan 'yan'uwa mata biyar sun mutu a cikin gobarar gida yayin da iyayensu ke aiki da dare kuma fushi ya bazu a shafukan sada zumunta na kan layi, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin zanga-zambe. Nursultan Nazarbayev ya kori gwamnati kuma a ranar 19 ga Maris 2019 ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na shugaban kasa, yayin da yake riƙe da wasu mukamai na iko. Bayan zaben shugaban kasa na Kazakh na 2019 tare da sakamakon da ya nuna nasarar da ta samu ga shugaban kasar Kassym-Jomart Tokayev na wucin gadi, an yi zanga-zangar da yawa a biranen Nur-Sultan da Almaty. Fiye da masu zanga-zangar 100 an tsare su a Astana Square a Almaty, yayin da masu fafutuka suka yi kira ga kauracewa zaben. Daga cikin wadanda aka tsare akwai wasu 'yan jarida na kasashen waje da na cikin gida da ke rufe taron. An ba da rahoton samun damar Intanet a Nur-Sultan da Almaty an rage shi sosai, tare da wahalar samun damar shafukan sada zumunta da hana watsa shirye-shirye kai tsaye. An kuma tsare masu zanga-zangar ashirin a kudancin birnin Shymkent .  Abubuwan zanga-zangar sun ci gaba a watan Satumba, Oktoba da Disamba 2019.

 Tattaunawar 'yancin Dan Adam 
A shekara ta 2008, daidai da "Shirye-shiryen Sabon Haɗin gwiwa" tare da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Tarayyar Turai ta amince da Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan don kafa tattaunawar kare hakkin dan adam ta shekara-shekara, kuma an gudanar da zagaye na farko a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2008 a Astana . 

Wadannan tattaunawar sun zama wani muhimmin bangare na dabarun EU don inganta girmamawa ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci na asali, ci gaba mai ɗorewa, zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2014 Tarayyar Turai da Kazakhstan sun gudanar da zagaye na shida na Tattaunawar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta shekara-shekara a Brussels.  Mista Yogan Merkel, Mataimakin Babban Lauyan, ne ya jagoranci tawagar Kazakh, wanda Mista Vyacheslav Kalyuzhnyy, Darakta na Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa, da sauran manyan jami'ai. Mista Silvio Gonzato, Darakta na 'Yancin Dan Adam da Dimokuradiyya a Hukumar Ayyukan kasashen waje ta Turai ne ya jagoranci tawagar Tarayyar Turai. An gudanar da tattaunawar a cikin yanayi mai kyau da kuma ingantawa. Tarayyar Turai ta yi maraba da ci gaban Kazakhstan na tsarin rigakafin kasa mai aiki don saka idanu kan wuraren tsare-tsare, kuma ta karfafa karin matakai don karfafa Ofishin Mai ba da shawara da Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa. Tarayyar Turai ta amince da aikin Kazakhstan na baya-bayan nan a cikin zagaye na biyu na tsarin Binciken Lokaci na Duniya (UPR) a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma ta karfafa hukumomin Kazakh suyi la'akari da karɓar shawarwarin UPR da yawa waɗanda da farko ba su goyi bayan su ba.

An gudanar da Tattaunawar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta 10 ta EU-Kazakhstan a ranar 20-21 ga Nuwamba 2018 a Brussels. Tarayyar Turai ta lura da ci gaban Kazakhstan game da dokoki da manufofi game da al'ummar farar hula. An jaddada cewa Kazakhstan ya kamata ta ci gaba da daukar matakai don inganta yanayin da ya dace, gami da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, lauyoyi da 'yan jarida. A lokacin 12th EU-Kazakhstan Human Rights Dialogue da aka gudanar a watan Nuwamba 2020, EU "ta amince da ci gaba da tsarin sake fasalin a Kazakhstan, gami da kafa Babban Majalisar Gyara" amma ta bukaci aiwatarwa da sauri.

OSCE da Ofishin Kazakhstan na Internationalasashen Duniya don Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Doka suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen horo na haɗin gwiwa kan haƙƙin ɗan adam.[1]

 Dokar Shari'a 
A cikin shekara ta 2015 Kazakhstan ta gabatar da gyare-gyare ga dokar kan ayyukan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGO). Dokar ta ba da tabbacin ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kyauta ga tallafin jama'a, na kasa da kasa da na masu zaman kansu wanda ya ba su damar shiga cikin ci gaban zamantakewa da siyasa na kasar.

A watan Janairun 2017 Shugaban Kazakhstan ya ba da shawarar sake fasalin da nufin ba da wasu ikon Shugaban ga Majalisar. Ana sa ran wannan shirin zai haifar da tsarin bincike da ma'auni a Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan memba ne na Taron Hague kan Dokar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (HCCH) tun watan Mayu 2017. HCCH tana da niyyar inganta jituwa da rikice-rikice na ka'idojin dokoki a cikin batutuwa daban-daban a cikin dokar kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga inganta mulkin doka.

Majalisar Kula da Amincewa ta Kasa ta Kazakhstan tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta mulkin doka. Kungiyar ba da shawara ce da Shugaban Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, ya kafa a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2019 don sa gwamnati ta fi mayar da martani ga mutane.

Kazakhstan tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da USAID a ƙarƙashin shirin mulkin shekaru biyar na sama da dala miliyan 7 da aka ƙaddamar a watan Satumbar 2020.  Kotun Koli ta Kazakh da Ma'aikatar Bayanai da Ci gaban Jama'a suna aiki tare da USAID a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin don inganta amincewar jama'a da nuna daidaituwa mafi girma tare da ƙa'idodin da aka sani a duniya.

A cikin 2020, kasar ta kasance a matsayi na 62 a cikin Dokar Shari'a, ta hau matsayi uku tun 2015. 

 Bambancin kabilanci 
Kazakhstan tana tallafawa kasancewar al'adu daban-daban. Majalisar Jama'ar Kazakhstan tana tallafawa kusan cibiyoyin 200 inda yara da manya zasu iya nazarin harsuna 30 daban-daban.

A cikin 2015, Majalisar Jama'ar Kazakhstan (APK) ta gabatar da Ranar Godiya a matsayin sabon hutu na Kazakhstan. Shugaba Nursultan Nazarbayev ne ya gabatar da shawarar kafa shi. Ana yin bikin Ranar Godiya a ranar 1 ga Maris kuma tana nuna tarihin da ya gabata da haɗin kabilanci da yawa na ƙasar.

Kashi 70% na yawan mutanen Kazakhstan 'yan kabilar Kazakh ne, kashi 16% na Rasha ne, yayin da kashi 9% ya ƙunshi Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Uighurs, Jamusawa, da Tatars. Wakilan kimanin kabilun 125 suna zaune a Kazakhstan  kuma wasu kungiyoyin kabilun da al'adu 818 suna aiki a karkashin jagorancin Majalisar Jama'ar Kazakhstan. 

 Hakkin yara 
Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Kazakhstan da Wakilin UNICEF na Kazakhstan sun amince da Sanarwar niyya kan hadin kai. Jam'iyyun sun amince da daukar matakan da suka dace don bunkasa tsarin sa ido mai zaman kansa na tabbatar da haƙƙin yara a Kazakhstan. 

Dabarun Kazakhstan 2050 yana mai da hankali sosai kan kariya ga yara. Kazakhstan ta karɓi dokoki sama da 90 da sauran ayyukan ƙa'ida da nufin kare haƙƙin yara.

Kazakhstan jam'iyya ce ga Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara .

 Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam 
An kafa kafa Kwamishinan 'yancin Dan Adam (Kazakhstan's Ombudsman) a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2002 ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasa.  Kwamishinan da ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da shi, Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa, an ba su ikon bincika batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam a cikin gwamnati bisa ga dokar Shugaba Nazarbayev.

 Majalisar Amincewa ta Jama'a ta Kasa 

Shugaban Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev ya kafa Majalisar Amincewa ta Jama'a ta Kasa a watan Yulin 2019 a matsayin dandalin tattaunawa don gwamnati ta kara amsawa ga jama'a. Majalisar ta shirya taron farko a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2019. Taron Majalisar ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwa masu zuwa: kawar da laifuka, sake fasalin tsarin gidan yari da shari'a, daidaiton jinsi da karfafa mata. 

A watan Mayu 2020, Shugaba Tokayev ya sanya hannu kan muhimman dokoki guda hudu wadanda suka kasance wani bangare na shirin Majalisar Amincewa ta Jama'a ta Kasa. Wadannan dokoki guda huɗu sun hada da wadannan: "A kan hanyar shirya da gudanar da tarurruka na zaman lafiya a Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan", "A kan gabatar da gyare-gyare ga Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta Jamhuriwar Kazakhstan", "a kan Zabe a Jamhuryar Kazakhstan", da kuma "A kan ga gabatar da gyaran gyare-gine da ƙari ga Dokar Jamhuriyan Kazakhstan "A kan Jam'iyyun Siyasa".

Sabuwar dokar kan tarurruka ta sauƙaƙa ƙa'idodin doka na tarurruka na zaman lafiya. Dangane da doka, wuraren jama'a a cikin biranen ƙasar na iya amfani da su ta hanyar 'yan ƙasa don gudanar da tarurruka na zaman lafiya. Bugu da kari, an rage hanyar sanarwar tarurruka na zaman lafiya daga kwanaki 15 zuwa 5.

 Yanayin tarihi 
Shafin da ke biyowa yana nuna ƙididdigar Kazakhstan tun daga 1 a cikin rahotanni na Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke buga kowace shekara. Matsayi na 1 shine "kyauta"; 7, "ba kyauta ba". 1
Tarihin tarihiShekara'Yancin Siyasa'Yancin Jama'aMatsayiShugaban kasa2199154Wani bangare na 'yanciNursultan Nazarbayev199255Wani bangare na 'yanciNursultan Nazarbayev199364Wani bangare na 'yanciNursultan Nazarbayev199465Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev199565Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev199665Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev199765Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev199865Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev199965Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200065Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200165Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200265Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200365Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200465Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200565Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200665Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200765Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200865Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev200965Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201065Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201165Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201265Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201365Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201465Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201565Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201675Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201775Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201875Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev201975Ba 'Yanci baNursultan Nazarbayev202075Ba 'Yanci baKassym-Jomart Tokayev202175Ba 'Yanci baKassym-Jomart Tokayev202275Ba 'Yanci baKassym-Jomart Tokayev202375Ba 'Yanci baKassym-Jomart Tokayev

 Dubi kuma 

 Sergei Duvanov
 Yevgeny Zhovtis
 'Yanci na addini a Kazakhstan
 Hakkin LGBT a Kazakhstan
 Bakhytzhan Toregozhina

 Bayani 

 1. ^ Lura cewa "Shekara" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Saboda haka bayanin shekarar da aka yi alama ta 2008 ya fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.  
 2. ^ Ya zuwa Janairu 1.  

 Manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Rahotanni na 'yancin Dan Adam

 Censorship in Kazakhstan at the Wayback Machine (archived November 23, 2005) - IFEX
 2004 Report on Human Rights in Kazakhstan. - US Government
 2006 Report on Human Rights in Kazakhstan. - US Government
 2004 Human Rights Report on Kazakhstan at archive.today (archived September 26, 2004) - Freedom House
 Kazakhstan: Religious freedom survey, December 2005 - Forum 18
 Kazakhstan: Humanitarian Country Profile at the Wayback Machine (archived March 7, 2008) - UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

 Labaran labarai

 KAZAKHSTAN: Babu 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da za su halarci ibada ko Makarantar Lahadi (Forum 18) Janairu 20, 2005
 Kazakh Diplomat ya yaba da kuri'un shugaban kasa - (AP) New York Times 21 Nuwamba 2005
 Kungiyoyin Demokradiyya suna fuskantar matsala a Asiya ta Tsakiya New York Times . [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 3 ga Disamba, 2005.
 Jam'iyyar adawa ta cire New York Times. [Hasiya]
 Damuwa game da tsarin addini na Kazakh (bbc.co.uk) Disamba 11
 KAZAKHSTAN: An kore shi saboda "aikin mishan ba tare da rajista ba" (game da fasto na Presbyterian) (Forum 18) Nuwamba 15, 2006
 KAZAKHSTAN: Gwamnatin jihar ta yi birni Hare Krishna, ta nemi zama shugaban OSCE (Forum 18) Nuwamba 21, 2006
 Bidiyo na lalacewar gidajen Hare Krishna a  (an adana shi Mayu 19, 2011) (Google Video) 
 Sanarwar manema labarai ta OSCE game da lalata dukiyar Hare Krishna  Nuwamba 27, 2006
 Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka ya bukaci hukumomin Kazakh da su kawo karshen cin zarafin Hare Krishna a   International Herald Tribune Disamba 7, 2006
 Amsa ta kasa da kasa ga rushewar dukiyar Hare Krishna a Kazakhstan (Wiki-news labarin) Disamba 12, 2006
 KAZAKHSTAN: "Yaƙin tattalin arziki" don murkushe Baptists?  (Forum 18) Mayu 11, 2007
 Shekaru Biyu Bayan haka, Rashin Jaridar Kazakh ya kasance asiri. Rediyon Free Turai / Rediyon Liberty. Maris 30, 2009.
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