Dunnicaer

Dunnicaer, ko Dun-na-caer, wani dutse ne mai zurfi a bakin tekun Aberdeenshire, Scotland, tsakanin Dunnottar Castle da Stonehaven . Duk da wahalar samun dama, a cikin 1832 an sami duwatsun alamar Pictish a taron kuma ilimin kimiyyar archaeology na karni na 21 ya gano shaidar wani tsaunin dutse na Pictish wanda zai iya haɗa duwatsu a cikin tsarinsa. Ana iya zana duwatsun a ƙarni na uku ko na huɗu AD amma wannan ya saba wa ra'ayi na archaeological cewa mafi sauki da na farko (Class I) alamun duwatsu sun kasance daga ƙarni na biyar ko ma na bakwai AD.

 Ruwa na teku 

Yana zaune tsakanin Stonehaven da irin wannan Dunnottar Castle, tarin teku yana cikin Strathlethan Bay, tare da Downie Point zuwa arewa kuma kawai a bakin teku daga dutsen a Bowdun Head zuwa kudu. An yanke shi daga babban yankin a lokacin hawan ruwa kuma shimfidar, taron da ke da ciyawa gaba ɗaya an kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu tsawo kimanin mita 30-35 (100-115 .[2] Dutsen conglomerate shine ƙananan Old Red Sandstone. A lokacin tsaunin tsaunin tsaunuka wurin na iya zama mai tsawo kuma lalacewar tsaunuka ya juya shi cikin tarin tare da tudu mai tsawo game da mita 20 da 12 (66   , karami fiye da yadda yake a zamanin Pictish.[4][6]

 Dutsen da aka gina 

A lokacin binciken archaeological a kan taron a 1977 da 1982 babu wani abu mai mahimmanci da aka samu.[8] A cikin 2015 sabon tono da ƙungiyar Jami'ar Aberdeen ta yi ya fara bayyana kasancewar wani tsaunin dutse kuma an ci gaba da tonowa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Akwai wani bangon dutse da aka tsara da katako wanda ke jagorantar kudu maso yamma zuwa yankin. Daga kwanan wata na radiocarbon na katako an yi amfani da sansanin tsakanin ƙarni na biyu da na huɗu AD yana mai da shi farkon sanannen sansanin Pictish a Scotland. [bayanin kula 1] An sami murhu da tushe na ɗakuna na ciki. Gilashi, Kayan Sami da tukwane na baki da nauyin gubar an tono su: duk abin mamaki ne har zuwa arewacin iyakar daular Roma.[10] A cikin ƙarni wasu sassa na sansanin sun rushe tare da rushewar dutsen da ke kewaye da su, musamman gabas.[4][11]

Abubuwan da aka gano sun nuna cewa sansanin ya kasance babban gini ne, mai matsayi mai girma, tare da dutse da katako da aka kawo daga nesa. Daga baya aka watsar da shi, watakila lokacin da mazauna suka koma Dunnottar, kuma watakila saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da rushewar tarin.

 Dutse na alama 

Tun a farkon shekara ta 1819 an karɓi dutse na alama daga tarin don a yi amfani da shi azaman dutse mai ƙonewa amma rubutun ba su da sha'awa sosai. A cikin 1832 wasu matasa sun hau kuma sun sami bango a kan tudu na tarin. Sun jefa wasu daga cikin duwatsu a cikin teku kuma lokacin da aka dawo da su daga baya wasu daga cikinsu sun zama duwatsun alama na Pictish.[20]

A shekara ta 1857 Alexander Thomson ne ya rubuta waɗannan alamun duwatsu.[21] [bayanin kula na 4] An kwatanta su a cikin kundin John Stuart na 1856 da 1867 na The Sculptured Stones of Scotland wanda Spalding Club ya buga.  [17][19] An buga cikakken bayani game da alamomin a cikin 1992.[24] Ɗaya daga cikin dutse yanzu yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Marischal kuma sauran suna cikin Banchory House .  [bayanin kula da 5] Zane da ƙananan girman duwatsu ba sabon abu ba ne kuma yana nuna su na farkon kwanan wata  - tabbas an saita su cikin bango na ganuwar da aka sanya kwanan wata a ƙarni na uku zuwa na huɗu AD.  [26][4][14] - wannan kwanan wata ne da ya gabata fiye da ra'ayi na al'ada cewa duwatsu mafi sauki da na farko (Class I) daga karni na biyar ko ma na bakwai AD ne.[27]

 Manazarta