Yanayin Venezuela

Sauyin yanayi na Venezuela yana da sauyi na wurare masu zafi da kuma megathermal sakamakon yanayin wurinsa kusa da Equator, amma saboda yanayin yanayin yanayi da kuma jagorancin iska, nau'o'in yanayi da yawa suna faruwa wanda zai iya zama iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka samu a cikin latitudes masu zafi, har ma da yankunan polar.  Latitude ba ya yin tasiri kaɗan akan yanayin Venezuelan.  Yayin da biranen bakin teku na Maracaibo, Barcelona, Porlamar da Maiquetia na iya samun zafi sosai, biranen kwaruruka irin su Mérida, Caracas, Los Teques da San Cristobal suna da yanayin sanyi, kuma manyan garuruwan Mucuchies da Apartaderos suna da yanayin sanyi (tundra).

Yankin da ya fi zafi a Venezuela shine arewa maso yamma (Paraguana Peninsula da Guajira Peninsula), inda ake yin rikodin yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (100 ° F). Yankin da ya fi sanyi a cikin ƙasar yana cikin mafi girman yankuna na Cordillera de Mérida, inda aka rubuta yanayin zafi ƙasa da -2 ° C (28 ° F). Yankin bakin teku na Venezuela da Guiana Highlands suna da matsakaicin yanayin zafi daga  ° C (77 ° F) zuwa  ° C (52 ° F), yayin da matsakaitan yanayin zafi na Llanos ya wuce  ° C (73 ° F).

Mafi girman zafin da aka rubuta shine  ° C (108 ° F) a Machiques,  kuma mafi ƙarancin zafin da ake rubuta shine -11 ° C (12 ° F), an ruwaito shi daga wani tsawo mai tsawo a Páramo de Piedras Blancas (Mérida jihar),  duk da cewa babu rahotanni na hukuma, an san ƙananan zafin jiki a cikin duwatsun Sierra Nevada de Mérida.

 Yankunan yanayi bisa ga Köppen 
Dangane da Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen, nau'ikan yanayi na Venezuela sune: 

 Rukunin A: Yanayin zafi 
Wannan shine mafi yawan yanayi da kuma halin da ake ciki a kasar. Tsayawa yanayin zafi sama da  ° C (64 ° F) da ruwan sama a mafi yawan shekara:

 Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi (Aw) 

Ana iya samunsa a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana mamaye Llanos da yankin arewacin Guayana, da sauran sassan ƙasar. Yana bushewa tsakanin Disamba da Maris tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara tsakanin 600 da 1,500 mm. 

 Yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi (Am) 

Tana cikin Yankin Guayana, Orinoco Delta, yammacin Zulia, tuddai na Andean da Coastal, yankin Paria da yankin Barlovento; tare da ruwan sama tsakanin 1,600 da 2,500 mm a kowace shekara da fari na kwanaki 45 kawai. 

 Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi (Af) 

Tana kudu da Venezuela, Orinoco Delta, yankin El Tamá a yammacin Venezuela, da kuma kudancin Tafkin Maracaibo. Ruwan sama ya wuce 2,500 mm, ba tare da kula da lokacin fari ba. 

 Rukunin B: Yanayin zafi 
Irin wannan yanayi evaporation ya wuce ruwan sama. A Venezuela yana da kyau a cikin hamada da wuraren bakin teku masu bushewa kuma tare da yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara sama da 18 ° C. Ana iya samun nau'in sanyi mai sanyi a wurare masu tsawo na Andes, inda matsakaicin shekara-shekara ke ƙasa da 18 ° C, wanda ke haifar da iska mai sanyi.  

 Yanayin hamada mai zafi (BWh) 

Ana iya samunsa a Yankin Guajira, Yankin Paraguay, Yankin Araya da kuma mafi yawan yankin Insular.

 Yanayin zafi mai zafi (BSh) 

Tana cikin arewacin jihar Zulia, mafi yawan yankin Lara da Falcón, yankin bakin teku, yankin Insular da wasu yankuna masu tsaka-tsaki a cikin Andes na Venezuela.

 Rashin sanyi mai sanyi (BSk) 

Ana iya samun shi a kulle a yankunan da ke cikin kwarin Andes na Cordillera de Mérida. Wannan nau'in yanayi yana faruwa ne saboda, a waɗannan tsaunuka, iska tana da sanyi, wanda ke rage danshi kuma yana haifar da raguwar hazo. Haɗe tare da ƙimar evaporation da ke da alaƙa da hazo, waɗannan yankuna suna fuskantar yanayin da ba shi da kyau.

 Rukunin C: Yanayin yanayi 
Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na kowane wata yana ƙasa da 22 ° C (72 ° F) amma sama da 0 ° C (32 ° F). Akalla matsakaicin zafin jiki na wata daya yana ƙasa da 18 ° C (64 ° F). Wannan yanayi mai sanyi yana faruwa da farko a yankuna masu tsawo na ƙasar, saboda tsawo, wanda ke daidaita yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi da aka samu a ƙasa. Babban nau'ikan da aka samu a Venezuela sune:      

 Yanayin yanayi mai tsawo tare da hunturu mai bushe (Cwb) 

Yana fuskantar yanayin da ya fi bushewa a lokacin "winter" na rana. Tana cikin matsakaitan yankuna na kudancin gabashin Cordillera de Mérida da Sierra de Perija, yankuna mafi girma na kudu maso yammacin Venezuela.

 Yanayin yanayi na tsaunuka ba tare da lokacin fari ba (Cfb) 

Wannan yanayin ba ya da lokacin fari. Tana cikin matsakaitan yankuna na Cordillera de Mérida da Sierra de Perija, mafi girman yankuna na bakin teku na Venezuela, da kuma saman mafi girman Guiana Highlands Tepuis.

 Rukunin E: Yanayin Alpine 
Ana nuna shi da matsakaicin yanayin zafi a ƙasa da 10 ° C a cikin dukkan watanni 12 na shekara: 

 Alpine tundra (ETH) 

Har ila yau, an san shi da yanayin páramo, wannan yanayin sau da yawa yana fuskantar canji na kwatsam da gagarumin canji a yanayin yau da kullun wanda suke canzawa tsakanin Yanayin daji daga ƙasa da daskarewa zuwa sama da 20 ° C. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 2 ° C (36 ° F) zuwa 10 ° C (50 ° F). Tana sama da mita 3,000 a cikin Sierra de Perija da Cordillera de Mérida . Snowfall yana yiwuwa sama da mita 3,800 amma ya zama mafi bayyane a kusa da mita 4,200, musamman a lokacin ruwan sama daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon Oktoba. Wannan ya dace da babban aikin Intertropical Convergence Zone, yana kawo iska mai laushi daga kudu maso gabashin Mérida Cordillera, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Llanos na Venezuela, da kuma kudancin Lake Maracaibo Lowlands, wanda ke ba da danshi ga yankin. Garin da ya fi shahara tare da wannan yanayi a kasar shine garin Apartaderos      

 Dutsen Alpine (EFH) 

Wannan yanayi an tanada shi zuwa mafi girman tsaunuka na Andes na Venezuela, kamar Pico Bolívar, Pico Humboldt, Pico Bonpland, da sauransu, inda aka fallasa dutsen dutse da kuma wuraren kankara sun kasance daga ƙarshen Pleistocene glaciation, wanda aka sani a cikin gida kamar Mérida glaciation. Snowfall yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin ruwan sama, daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon Oktoba, yana ƙara jaddada yanayin sanyi na waɗannan tsaunuka masu tsawo.

 Yankunan yanayi bisa ga tsawo 
Yanayin yanayi na Venezuela an tsara su a cikin "gidan zafi", kamar yadda aka ambata a gaba: 

 Yana da zafi sosai 
Wannan yanayin yana da yanayin zafi sama da 26 °C (79 °F), tare da hazo mai kama daga bushe (kasa da 300 mm) zuwa yanayin pluvial (fiye da 3300 mm).  Ana iya samun wannan yanayin a yankunan da ke ƙasa da 300 m a cikin ruwa mai zurfi da ƙananan wurare kamar Llanos, Orinoco Delta, Maracaibo Basin, Orinoco Basin, da filayen bakin teku da tsibirin;  ya ƙunshi kusan dukkan ƙasar.  Wannan yankin yanayi yana cikin birane kamar Maracaibo, Punto Fijo, Ciudad Guayana, Porlamar, Puerto La Cruz, Barinas, Tucupita, Cumaná, Maturin, Anaco, Ciudad Bolívar, Cabimas, El Vigía da sauransu.

 Mai zafi 
Ana iya samun yanayi mai dumi tsakanin 300 da 650 m.  Yana da yanayin zafi daga 23 °C (73 °F) zuwa 26 °C (79 °F) da hazo da ke tashi daga ƙarancin ruwan sama (300 – 700 mm) zuwa yanayin pluvial (fiye da 3300 mm).  Ana iya samun wannan yanayin a ƙananan tuddai da tuddai a cikin tsaunukan Guiana, Range Coastal na Venezuelan, yankin Coro da Andes na Venezuelan.  Garuruwan da ke da wannan yankin sauyin yanayi sune Barquisimeto, Maracay, Valencia, Guarenas-Guatire, San Juan de Los Morros, Charallave, Valera, Barinitas, San Antonio del Táchira, Quibor da sauransu.

 Kyakkyawan 
Wannan yanayin yana nuna yanayin zafi tsakanin  ° C (64 ° F) zuwa  ° C (73 ° F) da ruwan sama wanda ya kasance daga ruwan sama mai yawa (300 - 700 mm) zuwa ruwan sama (fiye da 3300 mm). Ana iya samunsa a yankunan tsaunuka na ƙasar tsakanin 650 da 1,350-1,600 m Wannan yankin yanayi yana cikin birane kamar Merida, San Cristóbal, Caracas, Sanare, Villa de Cura, Ejido, Trujillo, Escuque, Rubio, Tovar, Boconó, Duaca, Bejuma, Los Teques, Nirgua, Santa Elena na Uairen, da sauransu.  

 Mai sauƙi / Mai tawali'u 
Ana iya samun yanayi mai laushi ko matsananciyar yanayi a cikin tsaunuka tsakanin 1,350-1,600 zuwa 2,400 m.  Yana da yanayin zafi a kusa da 13 °C (55 °F) zuwa 18 °C (64 °F) da hazo da ke tashi daga ƙarancin ruwan sama (300 – 700 mm) zuwa yanayin pluvial (fiye da 3300 mm).  Wannan yankin yanayi yana cikin birane kamar Mérida (mafi girma), Colonia Tovar, San Antonio de Los Altos, El Jarillo, El Junquito, Galipan, Timates, La Grita, Tabay, La Mucuy da sauransu;  Yawancin saman tepuis kuma suna gabatar da wannan yanayin.

 Rashin sanyi 
Wannan yanayin ana siffanta shi da yanayin zafi sama da 8 °C (46 °F) da ƙasa 13 °C (55 °F), tare da hazo da ke tashi daga ƙarancin ruwan sama (300 – 700 mm) zuwa yanayin pluvial (fiye da 3300 mm).  Ana iya samun wannan yanayin a wurare masu tsaunuka da ke kusa da 2,400 zuwa 3,200 m musamman a cikin Saliyo de Perija, Cordillera de Mérida, mafi girma a iyakar Venezuelan Coastal Range da kuma mafi girma tepuis (Monte Roraima, Kukenan, Cerro Marahuaca, Chimantá Massif).  Wannan yankin yanayi yana nan a garuruwa kamar Mucuchíes, Chachopo da Los Nevados.

 Rashin sanyi sosai 
Ana iya samun wannan yanayi a yankin Andes na Venezuela, tsakanin ,200 da 4,150 m. Ana nuna shi da yanayin zafi daga 3 ° C (37 ° F) zuwa  ° C (46 ° F) da hazo wanda ya kasance daga yanayin ruwan sama (300 - 700 mm) zuwa ruwan sama (1800-2500 mm). Wannan yankin yanayi yana cikin garuruwa kamar Apartaderos da Llano del Hato . Yanayin wannan yanayi kuma an san shi da páramo .  

 Rashin sanyi 
Ana samun yanayin sanyi a wurare mafi girma a cikin Andes na Venezuela, tsakanin 4,15 da 4,700 m. inda yanayin zafi ke tsakanin 0 ° C ( ° F) zuwa 3 ° C (37 ° F). Wannan yankin yanayi yana nan ne kawai a Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Sierra de La Culata da Sierra de Santo Domingo.

 Gishiri 
Wannan yanayin yana da matsakaicin yanayin zafi ƙasa 0 °C (32 °F) duk shekara, yana cikin kololuwar ƙasar Venezuela a cikin Cordillera de Mérida kamar Pico Bolívar, Pico Humboldt, Pico La Concha, Pico Bonpland, Pico Espejo, Pico Mucuñuque da Pico Piedras Blancas.  Pico Bolivar da Pico Humboldt ne kawai aka adana dusar ƙanƙara, yayin da sauran kololuwar suna fuskantar yanayin yankin nival.

 Hotuna na taswira 

 Taswirar yankunan yanayi bisa ga Köppen 

 Taswirar yankunan yanayi ta tsawo 

 Yanayin ƙasar Venezuela

Manazarta 

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