HIV a Indiya

HIV / AIDS a Indiya annobar ce. Hukumar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka ta Kasa (NACO) ta kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 3.14 suna fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Indiya a cikin 2023. Duk da kasancewa gida ga na uku mafi girma a duniya na mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS (kamar yadda 2023 , tare da Afirka ta Kudu da Najeriya suna da yawa),  yawan yaduwar cutar kanjamawa a Indiya ya fi na sauran ƙasashe da yawa. A cikin 2016, yawan cutar kanjamau a Indiya ya tsaya a kusan 0.30% - na 80 mafi girma a duniya. Magani da cutar HIV / AIDS ta hanyar haɗuwa da Magungunan antiretroviral da shirye-shiryen ilimi don taimakawa mutane su guje wa kamuwa da cuta.https://africarxiv.pubpub.org/pub/mdo6y6nm/release/1

 Yaduwar cututtuka 
Babban abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau a Indiya sune ƙaura mai yawa na ma'aikata da ƙananan matakan karatu da rubutu a wasu yankunan karkara wanda ke haifar da rashin wayar da kan jama'a da bambancin jinsi. Gwamnatin Indiya ta kuma nuna damuwa game da rawar da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da karuwanci ke takawa wajen yaduwar cutar kanjamau.
JihaYaduwar cutar kanjamau a asibitin haihuwa 2007 (%) Yaduwar cutar kanjamau a asibitin STD 2007 (%) Yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta IDU 2007 (%) Yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta MSM 2007 (%) Ma'aikacin jima'i na mata yaduwar cutar kanjamau 2007 (%) Tsibirin A & N0.258.0016.806.604.68Andhra Pradesh1.0017.203.7117.049.74Arunachal Pradesh0.000.000.00......Assam0.000.502.412.780.44Bihar0.250.400.600.003.41Chandigarh0.250.428.643.600.40Chhattisgarh0.253.33......1.43D & N Haveli0.50............Daman & Diu0.13............Delhi0.255.2010.1011.733.15Goa0.185.60...7.93...Gujarat0.252.40...8.406.53Haryana0.130.000.805.390.91Himachal Pradesh0.000.00...5.390.87Jammu da Kashmir0.000.20.........Jharkhand0.000.40......1.09Karnataka0.508.402.0017.605.30Kerala0.381.607.850.960.87Lakshadweep0.000.00......0.00Madhya Pradesh0.001.72......0.67Maharashtra0.5011.6224.4011.8017.91Manipur0.754.0817.9016.413.07Meghalaya0.002.214.17......Mizoram0.757.137.53...7.20Nagaland0.603.421.91...8.91Orissa0.001.607.337.370.80Pondicherry0.003.22...2.001.30Punjab0.001.6013.791.220.65Rajasthan0.132.00......4.16Sikkim0.090.000.47...0.00Tamil Nadu0.251.33.........Tripura0.250.400.00......Uttar Pradesh0.000.481.290.400.78Uttaranchal0.000.00.........Yammacin Bengal0.000.807.765.615.92
Lura: Wasu yankuna a cikin teburin da ke sama sun ba da rahoton yaduwar cutar kanjamau na sifili a asibitocin haihuwa. Wannan ba lallai ba ne HIV ba ya cikin yankin, kamar yadda wasu jihohi suka ba da rahoton kasancewar kwayar cutar a asibitocin STI da kuma tsakanin masu amfani da magunguna. A wasu jihohi da yankunan ƙungiyar, matsakaicin yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta dogara ne akan rahotanni daga ƙananan asibitoci.

A Indiya, yawan mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau mata ne masu aikin jima'i, maza da ke yin jima'i da maza, masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da masu canza jinsi / hyjras.

 Gudanarwa 
An yaba wa Indiya saboda yunkurin yaki da cutar kanjamau. A cewar Michel Sidibé, babban darakta na Shirin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) , nasarar Indiya ta fito ne daga amfani da hanyar da ta dace da shaidu da haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke tallafawa jagorancin siyasa da haɗin gwiwar jama'a.

Wani rahoto na UNAIDS na 2012 ya yaba da Indiya don yin "musamman da kyau" wajen rage yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar tsakanin 2000 da 2009 idan aka kwatanta da wasu ƙananan ƙasashe a Asiya. A Indiya, adadin wadanda suka mutu saboda cutar kanjamau ya kai 170,000 a shekarar 2009. Har ila yau, ya nuna cewa Indiya ta ba da tallafi mai yawa ga ƙasashe makwabta da sauran ƙasashen Asiya - a cikin 2011, ta ware dala miliyan 430 zuwa ayyukan 68 a Bhutan a duk manyan bangarorin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, gami da kiwon lafiya, ilimi da haɓaka iyawa. A cikin 2011 a Addis Ababa, Gwamnatin Indiya ta ci gaba da jajircewa don hanzarta canja wurin fasaha tsakanin bangaren magunguna da masana'antun Afirka.

Hukumar yaki da cutar kanjamau ta kasa (NACO) ta kara yawan cibiyoyin da ke bada maganin rigakafin cutar kyauta daga cibiyoyi 54 zuwa 91, tare da karin cibiyoyi 9 da za su fara aiki nan ba da jimawa ba.  [Yaushe?] An samar da magungunan jinyar marasa lafiya 8,500 a waɗannan cibiyoyin.  Dukkanin cibiyoyin 91 sun horar da likitoci, masu ba da shawara da masu fasaha na dakin gwaje-gwaje don taimakawa wajen fara marasa lafiya a kan ART da kuma ba da kulawa da kulawa yayin da suke kare sirri.  Baya ga ba da magani kyauta, dukkanin cibiyoyin ART suna ba da shawarwari ga masu cutar ta yadda za su rika shan magungunan su akai-akai.  Ci gaba shine mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci don tasiri na dogon lokaci na magungunan ART, kamar yadda rushewa zai iya haifar da juriya na miyagun ƙwayoyi.  A halin yanzu, 40,000 suna kan ART, wanda ake sa ran zai haura 85,000 nan da Maris. 

Da take mayar da martani ga wata koke da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka gabatar, a shekarar 2010, Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta umurci gwamnatin Indiya da ta samar da magani na biyu na rigakafin cutar kanjamau (ART) ga duk masu fama da cutar kanjamau a cikin kasar, tare da gargadin gwamnati kan watsi da aikinta na tsarin mulki na ba da magani ga masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau bisa dalilan karancin kudi, saboda lamari ne na ‘yancin rayuwa a karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya.  A baya, a wata takardar rantsuwa a gaban Kotun Koli, NACO ta ce maganin ART na layi na biyu ga masu cutar kanjamau, wanda farashin Rs 28,500 kowannensu, ba za a iya ba wa wadanda suka samu "jiyya ta rashin hankali" daga likitoci masu zaman kansu a zagayen farko, wanda farashinsa ya kai Rs 6,500.  Kotun ta yi watsi da duk hujjojin da ke tattare da matsalar kudi da kuma cewa cibiyoyin gwajin cutar kwayar cutar guda 10 ne kawai ake bukata don gwada marasa lafiya don yin hijira daga layin farko na jiyya zuwa layi na biyu, kamar yadda Babban Lauyan da ke wakiltar gwamnati ya bayyana.  Kotun ta kuma bukaci gwamnati da ta bayar da mafita mai tsafta kuma mai iya aiki a cikin mako guda

Adadin kudin da ake kashewa kan cutar kanjamau ya karu a Indiya daga 2003 zuwa 2007 kuma ya ragu da kashi 15% a shekarar 2008 zuwa 2009. A halin yanzu, Indiya tana kashe kusan kashi 5% na kasafin lafiyarta kan cutar kanjamau.  Kashe kudade kan cutar kanjamau na iya haifar da nauyi a fannin kiwon lafiya, wanda ke fuskantar kalubale iri-iri.  Don haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci ga Indiya ta tashi tsaye kan ƙoƙarinta na rigakafin don rage kashe kuɗin da take kashewa a kasafin lafiya kan cutar kanjamau a nan gaba..

Baya ga tallafin gwamnati, akwai tushe daban-daban na kasa da kasa kamar UNDP, Bankin Duniya, Elton John AIDS Foundation, USAID da sauransu waɗanda ke tallafawa maganin HIV / AIDS a Indiya.

A cikin 1986, an gano cutar HIV ta farko a Indiya Dr. Suniti Solomon da ɗalibarta Dr. Sellappan Nirmala a cikin karuwai mata shida a Chennai, Tamil Nadu.[1][2]  Amma a zahiri a cikin 1980s Sellappan Nirmala ya ziyarci Dr. Kandaraj, masanin ilimin jima'i, a Chennai.  Ya tattara 30 no na samfuran jinin cutar HIV, marasa lafiya ga Dr. Nirmala.  Duk majinyatan sun kasance ma'aikatan jima'i.  Bayan an gabatar da samfuran ga Dr. Suniti Solomon.  Ta kasance mai nazarin halittu.  An gano ta da dukkan samfuran masu dauke da cutar kanjamau kuma ta sanar da rahoton da ya dace ga gwamnatin Indiya.  Mutane 30 ne suka kamu da cutar kanjamau a Indiya. 

A shekara ta 1986, Gwamnatin Indiya ta kafa Kwamitin Kula da Cututtuka na Kasa a cikin Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kula da Iyali. 

A cikin 1992, bisa ga Kwamitin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Kasa, gwamnati ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka ta Kasa (NACO) don kula da manufofi da rigakafi da shirye-shiryen sarrafawa da suka shafi cutar kanjamau da cutar kanjamawa da cutar kansar da kuma Shirin Kula da Cututan Cututtukani na Kasa (NACP) don rigakafin cutar kanjama. Daga baya, an kafa Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Jiha (SACS) a jihohi da yankunan ƙungiyar. SACS tana aiwatar da shirin NACO a matakin jiha, amma suna da 'yancin kai na aiki don haɓaka da kirkire-kirkire. An aiwatar da matakin farko daga 1992 zuwa 1999 kuma an mayar da hankali kan saka idanu kan yawan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari a cikin yankunan birane da aka zaɓa.

A cikin 1999, an gabatar da mataki na biyu na Shirin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Kasa (NACP II) don rage isar da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar inganta canjin halayyar. An kirkiro rigakafin shirin watsawa daga uwa zuwa yaro (PMTCT) da kuma samar da maganin antiretroviral. An kafa Majalisar Kasa kan cutar kanjamau a wannan matakin, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikatu 31 kuma Firayim Minista ne ke jagoranta. Sashe na biyu ya gudana tsakanin 1999 da 2006. 

Wani bincike na 2006 da aka buga a mujallar likitancin Burtaniya The Lancet ya ruwaito kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na raguwar kamuwa da cutar kanjamau daga 2000 zuwa 2004 a tsakanin mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 24 da ke halartar asibitocin daukar ciki a wasu zababbun jihohin kudancin Indiya, inda ake tunanin cutar ta ta'allaka ne.  Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yawancin matan aure a Indiya, duk da cewa suna yin auren mace ɗaya kuma ba su da halayen haɗari, suna samun kwayar cutar HIV daga mazajensu kuma gwajin HIV na mazan da ke da aure na iya zama dabarun rigakafin cutar HIV ga yawancin jama'a.

A cikin shekara ta 2007, mataki na uku na Shirin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Kasa (NACP III) ya yi niyya ga kungiyoyi masu haɗari kuma ya gudanar da shirye-shiryen fadakarwa. Har ila yau, ya rarraba ƙoƙari ga matakan gida da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) don samar da ayyukan jin dadin wadanda abin ya shafa. Shirin dala biliyan 2.5 ya sami tallafi daga UNAIDS. Mataki na uku ya kara yawan abubuwan da aka yi niyya, da nufin dakatar da kuma juyar da annobar ta hanyar hada shirye-shirye don rigakafi, kulawa, tallafi, da magani. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, matakan da aka yi niyya sun rufe kusan 932,000 daga cikin waɗanda suka fi haɗari, ko 52% na ƙungiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su (49% na ma'aikatan jima'i mata, 65% na masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da 66% na maza waɗanda ke yin jima'i da maza). 

An yi wasu ƙoƙari don daidaita wallafe-wallafen ilimi ga waɗanda ke da ƙananan matakan karatu da rubutu, galibi ta hanyar ɗakunan karatu na gida. Ƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar da haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa yana daidai da sanarwar duniya kan 'yancin ɗan adam.

A shekara ta 2009, Indiya ta kafa manufofin HIV da AIDS na kasa da kuma Duniya na Aiki, wanda ke neman kawo karshen nuna bambanci ga ma'aikata bisa ga ainihin ko kuma halin da ake ciki na HIV. A karkashin wannan manufofin, ana ƙarfafa dukkan kamfanoni su kafa manufofi da shirye-shiryen wurin aiki bisa ka'idodin rashin nuna bambanci, daidaito tsakanin jinsi, yanayin aiki mai kyau, rashin tantancewa don manufar aiki, sirri, rigakafi, da kulawa da tallafi. Masu bincike a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Kasashen Waje sun yi kira ga karin hankali ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura, waɗanda damuwarsu game da matsayin ƙaura na iya barin su musamman cikin rauni.

Babu wata hukuma da ke da alhakin aiwatar da manufar rashin nuna bambanci;  a maimakon haka, an samar da wata hanya ta bangarori daban-daban da ta shafi yakin wayar da kan jama'a a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.  Kungiyar ta AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (AIDs Anti-Discrimination Movement) ta shirya rahotannin 'yan kasa da dama da ke kalubalantar manufofin nuna wariya, tare da shigar da kara a babbar kotun Delhi game da shirin raba maza masu luwadi a gidajen yari.  Wasan kwaikwayo mai suna High Fidelity Transmission na Rajesh Talwar ya mayar da hankali kan nuna wariya, mahimmancin amfani da kwaroron roba, da gwajin rigakafin haramtacciyar hanya.  Shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai masu alaka da cutar kanjamau sun fito a cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, galibi a wani yunƙuri na jawo hankalin masu matsakaicin matsayi.  Wani muhimmin sashi na waɗannan shirye-shiryen shine nunin mutanen da ke fama da cutar HIV/AIDS suna hulɗa da waɗanda ba su kamu da cutar ba a rayuwar yau da kullun..

Dangane da rahoton UNDP na 2010, Indiya tana da mutane miliyan 2.395 da ke ɗauke da cutar kanjamau a ƙarshen 2009, sama da miliyan 2.27 a 2008. Yawan manya kuma ya tashi daga 0.29% a 2008 zuwa 0.31% a 2009.[1].  Kafa cibiyoyin tantance masu cutar kanjamau shine matakin farko da gwamnati ta dauka na tantance 'yan kasar da kuma bankin jini. 

Yawan cutar kanjamau a Indiya ya ragu daga kimanin kashi 0.41 cikin 100 a shekarar 2000 zuwa kashi 0.31 cikin 100 a shekarar 2009. Yawan cutar kanjamau a matakin kasa ya ragu musamman a jihohi da dama, amma har yanzu akwai bambancin a fadin jihohi.  Hakanan ana samun raguwar yanayin a cikin cutar HIV a tsakanin mutane masu shekaru 15-24.

Wani rahoto na 2012 ya bayyana bukatar ba da shawara ga matasa game da cutar kanjamau.

Dangane da bayanan NACO, Indiya ta sami raguwar kashi 57% a cikin ƙididdigar sabbin cututtukan HIV na shekara-shekara, daga 274,000 a cikin 2000 zuwa 116,000 a cikin 2011, kuma ƙididdigat yawan mutanen da ke zaune tare da HIV ya kai miliyan 2.08 a cikin 2011.

A cewar NACO, yaduwar cutar kanjamau a Indiya a shekarar 2015 ya kai 0.26%, daga 0.41% a 2002;  a 2023, ya tashi zuwa 0.39%. 

 Al'umma da al'adu 

 Dokar HIV / AIDS (Kariya da Kulawa) 2014 
Dokar HIV / AIDS (Kariya da Kulawa) ta 2014, wacce ta nemi kawo karshen zargi da nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau a wuraren aiki, asibitoci da al'umma yayin da suke tabbatar da sirrin mai haƙuri, an gabatar da ita a cikin Rajya Sabha a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2014,  kuma an zartar da ita a ranar 21 ga Maris 2017.

 Shari'a don samun damar samun magani 

 Kungiyar Lafiya ta son rai ta Punjab v. Union of India
 Ƙaunar Rayuwa ta Ƙungiyar Indiya da Sauran
 Wahengbam Joykumar v. Union of India & Others
 Cibiyar sadarwa ta Delhi ta Mutanen da suka dace & Wani v. Union of India & Sauran

 Marayu 
Akwai yara miliyan 2 a Indiya waɗanda suka rasa iyaye ɗaya ko duka biyu saboda cutar kanjamau. Har ila yau, akwai miliyoyin yara masu rauni da ke zaune a Indiya, ko yara "waɗanda rayuwarsu, jin daɗinsu, ko ci gaba ke fuskantar barazana saboda yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS, kuma yawan waɗannan marayu na cutar kanjamawa za su ci gaba da girma. 

Saboda mummunan magani da rashin albarkatu ga waɗannan yara, marayu na cutar kanjamau da yara masu rauni a Indiya suna cikin haɗari ga rashin lafiya da ilimi. Har ila yau, suna cikin haɗari mafi girma don kamuwa da cutar kanjamau da kansu, aikin yara, fataucin mutane, da karuwanci.

 Stigma 
Marayu masu cutar kanjamau galibi ana kula da su ta hanyar dangi. Wadannan dangi masu tsawo na iya zama masu rauni, saboda sau da yawa sun tsufa ko marasa lafiya da kansu. Wani binciken daga shekara ta 2004 ya gano cewa marayu da yawa na cutar kanjamau sun ji cewa "masu kula da su sun ji kamar za su iya buƙatar wani abu daga gare su"  saboda babu wanda zai iya ɗaukar su. Wadannan yara na iya tilasta su kula da ɗan'uwa ko wasu 'yan uwa, don haka suna zaune a gidansu na asali ko da bayan iyayensu sun mutu. Yara na iya damuwa game da kwace ƙasar da masu gidaje ko maƙwabta suka yi.

Saboda lalacewar da ke kewaye da cutar kanjamau a Indiya, ana kula da yara na iyaye masu dauke da cutar kansar ba kuma galibi ba su da damar samun albarkatun asali. Binciken da Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Karkara ta yi a Jharkhand ya nuna cewa kashi 35% na yara na manya masu kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau an hana su abubuwan more rayuwa. Abubuwa kamar abinci mai kyau galibi ba a ba marayu na cutar kanjamau ta iyalansu ko masu kula da su ba. Wannan, haɗe da cin zarafin da marayu da yawa ke fuskanta, yana haifar da yawan mace-mace tsakanin marayu na cutar kanjamau. An nuna yawan ilimi mafi girma a cikin masu kulawa don rage wannan zargi. Sau da yawa ba a yarda da marayu na cutar kanjamau a gidajen marayu saboda damuwa cewa suna iya samun cutar kanjamaun da kansu.

Marayu na cutar kanjamau sun fi fuskantar zalunci daga abokai ko dangi saboda wulakanci game da cutar kanjamaun daji / AIDS a Indiya. Mutane na iya yin kuskuren gaskata cewa ana iya kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar kusanci, don haka waɗannan marayu na iya rasa abokai. Sau da yawa, matan da suka mutu da cutar HIV / AIDS suna fuskantar zargi saboda tasirin da aka yi wa yaransu,  yayin da iyalai ke fuskantar warewa a lokacin rashin lafiya da kuma bayan haka. Iyaye galibi suna rasa ayyukansu saboda nuna bambanci a wurin aiki. The Human Rights Watch ta sami shari'o'i da yawa na cin zarafin jima'i tsakanin marayu na cutar kanjamau, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da fataucin mutane da karuwanci. Bincike ya nuna cewa karuwar ingancin maganin HIV da kulawa na iya rage wannan nuna bambanci sosai.

 Lafiyar kwakwalwa 
Sakamakon motsin rai da zamantakewa ga marayu na cutar kanjamau yana da lahani sosai ga lafiyarsu da rayuwarsu ta gaba. Musamman, lafiyar kwakwalwa ta marayu na cutar kanjamau a Indiya ta nuna ta fi muni fiye da na yara da suka kasance marayu saboda wasu dalilai.

Kafin su zama marayu, 'ya'yan mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa. Akwai "mummunar rauni ta motsin rai" da ke da alaƙa da samun iyaye marasa lafiya da kwayar cutar kanjamau, kuma yaron sau da yawa yana damuwa game da karancin albarkatu, rabuwa da 'yan uwa, da baƙin ciki game da mutuwar iyayen da ke gabatowa. Yayinda iyaye ke rashin lafiya, yaro na iya fuskantar dogon lokaci na rashin tabbas da rikice-rikicen episodic, wanda ke rage ma'anar yaro na tsaro da kwanciyar hankali.

Binciken da aka yi a gidajen marayu a Hyderabad ya nuna cewa marayu a Indiya waɗanda suka rasa ɗaya ko duka iyaye biyu ga cutar kanjamau sun ninka sau 1.3 da yiwuwar yin baƙin ciki a asibiti kamar yadda yara marayu suka kasance saboda wasu dalilai. Bugu da kari, binciken ya nuna babban baƙin ciki tsakanin kananan marayu na cutar kanjamau, yayin da a wasu marayu galibi ana ganin shi a cikin tsofaffi. An kuma yi bambanci tsakanin jinsi; 'yan mata marayu saboda cutar kanjamau suna da mafi girman baƙin ciki fiye da yara maza.

 Ilimi 
Domin yara marayu da marasa galihu da cutar kanjamau ke fama da cutar kanjamau sau da yawa suna da ’yan uwa da suka rasu ko kuma ba su da lafiya, a kan tilasta musu yin aikin yi tun suna kanana don ciyar da iyalinsu, wanda hakan ke haifar da karancin zuwa makaranta ko kuma a tilasta musu barin makaranta gaba daya.  Misali, marayu da suka rasa ubansu a dalilin cutar kanjamau, galibi ana tilasta musu yin aiki mai hatsarin gaske ko kuma aikin hannu.  Marayu da suka rasa iyayensu suna aikin gida da kula da yara.  An fi fitar da 'yan mata daga makaranta don taimakawa da aikin gida da kuma kula da iyaye marasa lafiya.  Bincike ya nuna cewa kashi 17% na yaran da ke da iyayen da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau sun ɗauki aiki don taimaka wa kuɗin shiga gida..

Kudin magani ga cutar kanjamau yana da yawa sosai cewa iyalai da yawa galibi ba su da hanyar biyan kuɗin kulawa ko ilimi na yaro. Idan an tilasta wa yaro ya bar makaranta don ya ɗauki ƙarin alhakin a gida saboda rashin lafiya na iyayensa, ana kiran yaron maraya "de facto". Babu wata alaƙa da aka samu tsakanin jinsi da haɗarin sakamako mara kyau na ilimi ko haɗarin barin makaranta. Saboda zargi, ana fitar da marayu da yawa da suka shafi cutar HIV / AIDS daga makaranta.

A cikin wani binciken kan ilimin marayu a Indiya, an gano lafiyar mai kula da ita tana da matukar muhimmanci wajen tantance ko marayu yana cikin ma'auni na ilimi. Lokacin da mai kula da farko ya kasance cikin rashin lafiya, yiwuwar maraya kasancewa a matakin da aka yi niyya ya ragu da kashi 54%.

 Amsoshin 
Duk da yake bincike da yawa sun shiga cikin shirye-shiryen al'umma don marayu na cutar kanjamau, kawai 'yan ƙoƙari ne ke mai da hankali kan ceton rayukan iyayen da suka kamu da cutar kanjamaun daji da kansu.

Lokacin kwatanta kulawar da aka kafa da kulawar al'umma, binciken ya nuna cewa akwai karancin nuna bambanci a cikin tsohon. Koyaya, gwamnatin Indiya ta yi amfani da kafa marayu a matsayin al'ada, kuma ba su bincika wasu zaɓuɓɓuka ba kamar haɓaka ko kula da al'umma ga marayu na cutar kanjamau.

Indiya ta yi alkawarin samar da mafi kyawun albarkatu ga marayu na cutar kanjamau a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman kan HIV / AIDS a shekara ta 2001. A shekara ta 2007, Indiya ita ce ƙasa ta farko a Kudancin Asiya da ta haifar da martani na kasa ga yara da cutar kanjamau ta shafa. Indiya ta kirkiro Tsarin Manufofin Yara, wanda ke da burin samar da albarkatu ga akalla 80% na yara da cutar HIV / AIDS ta shafa. Wannan manufofin suna ɗaukar tsarin haƙƙin mallaka. Koyaya, wannan manufofin ya kasa magance yawancin abubuwan da ke tattare da kula da marayu na cutar kanjamau, gami da cin zarafin zamantakewa da nuna bambanci, rashin ilimi, da abinci mai gina jiki.

An kirkiro Dokar Shari'a ta Yara (Kariya da Kare Yara) ta 2015 don samar da marayu da yara masu rauni a Indiya da albarkatun da suka dace.

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin cibiyoyin ART 
Wadannan cibiyoyin suna ba da maganin antiretroviral (ART) ga marasa lafiya.

 Jerin ARTCs
 HOSPITALS da Dokta na musamman akan cutar kanjamau / AIDS

 Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba 
Wadannan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne da ke aiki a Indiya don rigakafin cutar kanjamau / AIDS da kuma samun damar magani da magani. Wadannan cibiyoyin kuma suna ba da tallafin zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar ba da shawara, suna aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin asibiti da kula da gida.


 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba