Canjin yanayi a California

Canjin yanayi a California ya haifar da yanayin zafi fiye da matsakaici, wanda ke haifar da karuwar abubuwan da suka faru na fari da gobarar daji. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata a California, ana hasashen canjin yanayi zai kara rage wadatar ruwa, kara haɗarin gobarar daji, rage yawan aikin gona, da kuma barazana ga yanayin halittu na bakin teku. Hakanan jihar na iya samun tasiri a tattalin arziki saboda hauhawar farashin samar da ruwa ga mazaunanta tare da kudaden shiga da asarar aiki a bangaren noma. Tasirin tattalin arziki ya hada da hauhawar farashi daga hauhawar farashin inshora,   farashin makamashi da Farashin abinci.   California ta dauki matakai da yawa don rage tasirin canjin yanayi a jihar.

 Shaidar paleoclimatological 
Nazarin Paleoclimatological ya nuna cewa shekaru 150 da suka gabata na tarihin California sun kasance da ruwa sosai idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 2000 da suka gabata. Tushen bishiyoyi da aka samo a kasan tabkuna da koguna a California sun nuna cewa abubuwa da yawa na ruwa sun bushe a lokacin lokacin rani na tarihi, suna ba da damar bishiyoyi su girma a can yayin da ruwa ba ta nan. Wadannan lokutan bushewa suna da alaƙa da lokutan zafi a tarihin Duniya. A lokacin Medieval Warm Period, akwai akalla mega-roughts na tsawon ƙarni biyu tare da kashi 60-70% kawai na matakan hazo na zamani. Masana ilimin yanayi na zamanin d ̄ a sun yi imanin cewa yanayin zafi mafi girma saboda dumamar yanayi na iya sa California ta shiga wani lokacin bushe, tare da ƙananan ruwan sama da matakan dusar ƙanƙara fiye da yadda aka lura a cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata.

 Tasirin yanayi mai tsanani 
Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2011 ya nuna cewa mitar da girman matsakaicin yanayin zafi zai karu sosai sakamakon dumamar yanayi. Dangane da Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa na Biyar da aka buga a 2023, jihohin bakin teku ciki har da California, Florida, Louisiana, da Texas suna fuskantar "mafi mahimman guguwa da matsanancin sauyawa a cikin hazo".

 Wutar daji 

Saboda dumamar yanayi, yawaitar fari, da gadon kula da filaye da aka yi a baya da kuma fadada wuraren zama, mutane da muhalli sun fi fuskantar matsalar gobarar daji. Ayyukan gobarar daji suna da alaƙa da zafi da fari na tsawon lokaci. A duk duniya, tsawon lokacin wutar ya karu da kusan kashi 19 cikin 100 daga 1979 zuwa 2013, tare da tsawon lokacin yanayi a jihohin yamma. Sauyin yanayi na ɗan adam ya sa fiye da kashi 50% na yankin gobarar daji ta kone a yammacin Amurka.[1] Bugu da kari, hanyoyin kashe gobarar dan adam sun haifar da tarin mai a wasu halittu, wanda hakan ya sa su fi fuskantar gobarar daji. A halin yanzu, akwai ƙarin haɗarin gobara da ke faruwa a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan masu bushewa, yayin da a tarihi waɗannan gobarar ta faru ne a wuraren da ba su da yawa. A ƙarshe, tare da karuwar yawan mutane, al'ummomi sun bazu zuwa yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar gobarar daji, wanda ya sa waɗannan al'ummomi su kasance masu haɗari ga lalacewa da kuma mutuwa saboda gobarar daji. Tun daga 1990, matsakaicin adadin gidajen da aka yi hasarar shekara-shekara ya karu da kashi 300%. Kusan 900,000 na mazauna yammacin Amurka sun kasance a cikin wuraren da ake fama da bala'in wutar daji kamar na 2017 tare da kusan kashi 35% na gobarar daji a California da ke farawa a cikin waɗannan yankuna masu haɗari. [abubuwan da ake bukata]    .

[]Bincike da yawa sun kuma gano cewa canjin yanayi yana ƙara yawan manyan gobarar daji a California musamman. Lalacewar tattalin arziki da lafiyar ɗan adam na lokutan gobara na baya-bayan nan an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 148.5, ko kusan kashi 1.5% na GDP na shekara-shekara na California. Wannan lalacewar galibi sakamakon gurɓataccen iska ne. A sakamakon ci gaba da dumama duniya, an yi hasashen cewa za a sami karuwar haɗari saboda gobarar daji a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Saboda dumama, fari mai yawa, da kuma gado na kula da ƙasa da ya gabata da fadada wuraren zama, duka mutane da muhalli sun fi fuskantar gobarar daji. Ayyukan gobarar daji suna da alaƙa da zafin jiki da fari a tsawon lokaci. A duniya, tsawon lokacin wuta ya karu da kusan kashi 19% daga 1979 zuwa 2013, tare da lokutan da suka fi tsayi a jihohin yamma. Tun daga shekara ta 1985, fiye da kashi 50% na yankin gobarar da aka ƙone a yammacin Amurka ana iya danganta su da canjin yanayi na ɗan adam. Bugu da kari, saboda hanyoyin kashe gobara na mutum, akwai gina man fetur a wasu yanayin halittu, yana mai da su cikin haɗari ga gobarar daji. Akwai haɗarin gobara da ke faruwa a cikin gandun daji masu yawa, inda a tarihi waɗannan gobarar sun faru a yankunan da ba su da yawa. A ƙarshe, tare da karuwar yawan mutane, al'ummomi sun fadada zuwa yankunan da ke cikin haɗarin haɗarin gobarar daji, suna sa waɗannan al'ummomin su fi fuskantar lalacewar tsari da mutuwa saboda gobarar daji. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, matsakaicin adadin gidaje da suka ɓace saboda gobarar daji ya karu da kashi 300%. Kusan 900,000 na mazaunan yammacin Amurka suna cikin manyan wuraren gobarar daji tun daga shekarar 2017 tare da kusan 35% na gobarar daji a California da ke farawa a cikin waɗannan wuraren da ke da haɗari. 

A cikin 2019, bayan an ayyana gargadi game da yiwuwar gobarar daji a wasu yankuna na California, kamfanin wutar lantarki "Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) " ya fara rufe wutar lantarki, don hana kumburi na bishiyoyi da ke taɓa layin wutar lantarki. Miliyoyin na iya shafar. Yanayin yanayi da ke haifar da wannan gargadi ya zama mafi yawa saboda canjin yanayi. Idan yanayin zafi ya ci gaba da tashi, irin wannan katsewar wutar lantarki na iya zama ruwan dare.

Lokacin gobarar daji na baya-bayan nan sun karya yawan rikodin. Shekarar 2018 ta zama mafi muni kuma mafi lalacewa a tarihin jihar, tare da mutane 103 da aka kashe kuma gine-gine 24,226 sun lalace ko sun lalace. Lokacin 2020 ya zama mafi girma a tarihin da aka rubuta a jihar dangane da yankin da aka ƙone, tare da fiye da kadada miliyan 4 da aka ƙona a fadin jihar a cikin gobarar daji 9,917. Daga cikin shida daga cikin manyan gobara da aka taɓa yin rikodin a jihar California, biyar sun faru a cikin 2020.

A cikin 2017, wani binciken ya nuna cewa babbar barazana ga asibitocin Los Angeles County da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi shine tasirin kai tsaye na karuwar da ake tsammani a cikin gobarar daji. A cikin gundumar Los Angeles, kashi 34% na asibitoci suna cikin mil daya na yankunan haɗarin wuta. Bugu da ƙari, ɗayan waɗannan asibitocin an kuma ɗauka yana cikin haɗarin Ambaliyar bakin teku saboda tasirin canjin yanayi kamar yadda binciken ya kammala. An kuma haɗa wannan fitowar ta ƙarshe kuma an mayar da hankali, kamar yadda binciken ya kammala cewa wannan zai zama haɗari mafi girma yayin da matakin teku ya tashi saboda karuwar yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara.

 fari 

A watan Fabrairun 2022, masu bincike sun bayyana fari a kudu maso yammacin Amurka, gami da California, a cikin shekarun 2000-2021 a matsayin mafi tsanani a cikin shekaru 1,200, "wanda ya kasance tun da daɗewa kamar yadda bayanai ke tafiya. " Ba tare da canjin yanayi ba, ana iya kammala fari a 2005.  42% na tsananin sa saboda hauhawar zafin jiki ne sakamakon canjin yanayi. Kashi 88% na yankin ya sha wahala daga fari. Ruwan kogin Colorado da ke ba da ruwa ga jihohi bakwai ya "[ƙuntata] zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci na shekaru biyu a cikin fiye da ƙarni ɗaya na adana rikodin". Idan hauhawar zafin jiki zai ci gaba fari zai zama mafi muni.

A cewar rahoton NOAA Dought Task Force na shekara ta 2014, fari ba wani bangare ne na canji na dogon lokaci a cikin hazo ba kuma alama ce ta bambancin yanayi, kodayake yawan zafin jiki da ya biyo bayan fari na baya-bayan nan na iya karawa saboda yanayin zafi na duniya da mutum ya haifar. Wani binciken kimiyya na 2015 ne ya tabbatar da wannan wanda ya kiyasta cewa dumamar yanayi na duniya "ya kai kashi 8-27% na mummunan fari da aka lura a cikin 2012-2014... Ko da yake bambancin yanayi ya mamaye, dumamar yanayi ta mutum ta kara yawan yiwuwar matsanancin fari na California. "  Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin 2016 ya gano cewa tasirin canjin yanayi ya sa fari na noma bai haifar da canjin yanayi na dogon lokaci ba. "Sakamako na yanzu".

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, tasirin fari na California ya sa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa ta California ta samar da tsare-tsare don rage rarraba ruwa na wucin gadi zuwa gonaki har zuwa 50% a lokacin. A wannan lokacin mazauna California miliyan 38 sun fuskanci watanni 13 a jere na fari. Wannan lamari ne musamman ga masana'antar noma ta dala biliyan 44.7 ta jihar, wanda ke samar da kusan rabin dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwayoyi, da kayan lambu da aka shuka a Amurka. A cewar NASA, gwaje-gwaje da aka buga a watan Janairun 2014 sun nuna cewa watanni goma sha biyu kafin Janairun 2015 sun kasance mafi bushe a rikodin, tun lokacin da aka fara yin rikodin a 1885. Rashin ruwa saboda karancin dusar ƙanƙara ya sa gwamnan California Jerry Brown ya ba da umarni ga jerin takunkumin ruwa a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2015.
alt=|center|thumb|578x578px|Yankin kashi a cikin Amurka Kasuwancin Kula da fari

 Babban Ambaliyar ruwa 
Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Science Advances a cikin 2022 ya bayyana cewa sauye-sauyen da suka haifar a cikin koguna na yanayi da ke shafar California sun riga sun ninka yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa tun daga 1920 - wanda zai iya haɗawa da inci 100 (250  na ruwan sama da / ko dusar ƙanƙara a cikin duwatsu a kowane wata, ko ƙafa 25 zuwa 34 (7.6 zuwa 10.4 m) na dusar ƙara a cikin Sierra Nevada - kuma runoff a cikin mummunan yanayin guguwa na gaba an yi hasashen ya zama 200 zuwa 400% mafi girma fiye da ƙimar tarihi a cikin Sierra Nebraska.

 Gudanar da gandun daji 
An gano bishiyoyin sukari da suka tsira daga fari a kusa da Tafkin Tahoe a cikin bishiyoyi miliyan 129 a California da aka kashe tsakanin 2012 da 2016 ta hanyar fari da kwari. Dubban shuke-shuke da suka fito daga waɗannan bishiyoyi ana dasa su a gefen kudu a gefen arewacin tafkin tare da fatan cewa suna ɗauke da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke sa su fi jurewa da fari, raguwar dusar ƙanƙara da sauran tasirin dumamar duniya a cikin gandun daji na Sierra Nevada . 

2022 IPCC report on climate change and mitigation suggests that California land management needs to consider the changing climate when updating their forest management practices especially when considering the massive amounts of wildfires the region endures. The report suggests that prescribed burning, a popular practice in land and fire management, may not have as beneficial results and often ties adds carbon into the air furthering the problem of climate change and wildfires. [better source needed]

 Aikin noma 
Ana sa ran tsawo na yanayin zafi mafi girma don kara yawan haihuwar orangeworm, wanda ke haifar da karuwar lalacewar kwari ga almond, walnut, da amfanin gona na pistachio.

Ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa suna haɗin gwiwa tare da manoma a Tsakiyar California don ambaliyar ruwa don ɓangarorin shekara, don ƙara mazaunin jinsunan da canjin yanayi ya shafa, kamar salmon da tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.

Tasirin canjin yanayi akan hazo a California na iya haifar da mummunar fari. A lokacin fari a California, manoma suna barin ƙasa mara kyau. A lokacin fari na shekara ta 2014, an bar kadada 430,000 na gonar da ba su da kyau. Manoma suna tsammanin za su rasa irin wannan adadin kadada na gonaki a cikin 2022.

 Tasirin kamun kifi 
Ruwa mai zafi na teku tun daga shekara ta 2013 ya jinkirta lokutan crab na Dungeness guda uku, saboda cututtukan algae masu cutarwa waɗanda ke gurɓata nama crab.

 Hawan matakin teku 
Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Journal of Geophysical Research ya nuna cewa hauhawar matakin teku tsakanin 1 da 2 m zai haɗiye tsakanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku da kashi biyu bisa uku na rairayin bakin teku na Kudancin California. Ana sa ran matakan teku daga bakin tekun za su tashi inci 20-55 a cikin karni na gaba. Hawan matakan teku yana haifar da lalacewar rayuwar teku, ambaliyar ruwa ta dindindin, da rushewar bakin teku. Dangane da kimantawar tattalin arziki da Risky Business Project ya yi, "idan yanayin fitar da iskar gas na duniya na yanzu ya ci gaba, tsakanin dala biliyan 8 da dala biliyan 10 na dukiyar da ke akwai a California na iya kasancewa a karkashin ruwa a shekara ta 2050, tare da ƙarin dala biliyan 6 zuwa dala biliyan $ 10 a cikin haɗari yayin babban ruwa".

 Tasirin kiwon lafiya 
Karin da ake tsammani a cikin matsanancin yanayi na iya haifar da karuwar haɗarin cututtuka da mutuwa. Akwai cututtuka daban-daban da za su shafi Californians sakamakon canjin yanayi. "An danganta bayyanar hayaki na gobara da matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar cututtukan numfashi, kamawar zuciya, ƙananan nauyin haihuwa, yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, da kuma mummunar asma da cututtuken huhu na dogon lokaci ga hayaki na wuta ya haifar da kimanin dala biliyan 76 zuwa dala biliyan 136 a kowace shekara a cikin farashin kiwon lafiya a duk faɗin Amurka daga 2008 zuwa 2012, tare da wasu daga cikin manyan tasirin a arewacin California. "

 Ruwa mai zafi 
Daga Mayu zuwa Satumba 1999 - 2003, an gudanar da bincike a cikin yankuna tara na California wanda ya gano cewa ga kowane karuwar 10 ° F (5.6 ° C) a cikin zafin jiki, akwai karuwar kashi 2.6 cikin dari a cikin mutuwar zuciya.  

 Ruwa mai zafi na 2006 
Binciken da aka yi game da guguwar zafi ta California ta 2006 ya nuna karuwar ziyarar dakunan gaggawa 16,166, da kuma kwantar da mutane 1,182 a asibiti. Har ila yau, akwai karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin cututtukan da suka shafi zafi; karuwa sau shida a ziyarar dakin gaggawa da ke da alaƙa da zafi, da karuwa sau 10 a asibiti.

A study of seven counties impacted by the 2006 heat wave found a 9 percent increase in daily mortality per 10 degrees Fahrenheit change in apparent temperature for all counties combined. This estimate is 3 times greater than the effect estimated for the rest of the warm season. The estimates indicate that actual mortality during the 2006 heat wave was two or three times greater than the initial coroner estimate of 147 deaths.

 Rashin gurɓata iska 
Bincike ya nuna cewa yawancin tasirin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da gurɓataccen iska sun samo asali ne daga ozone (O3) da kwayoyin halitta (PM). Sauran gurɓataccen abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi, kamar su nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, da carbon monoxide, suma suna da tasirin lafiya.Public health-related impacts of climate change in California. California Energy Commission  

Biyar daga cikin goma mafi yawan gurɓataccen ozone a Amurka (Los Angeles, Bakersfield, Visalia, Fresno, da Sacramento) suna cikin California. Mutanen California suna fama da sakamako daban-daban na kiwon lafiya saboda gurɓataccen iska - gami da mutuwar 18,000 da ba ta dace ba wanda aka danganta da dalilai daban-daban kamar cututtukan numfashi da sauran cututtuka da yawa.

Canjin yanayi na iya haifar da matsalolin gurɓataccen iska. Yanayin zafi mafi girma yana haifar da hulɗar sinadarai tsakanin nitrogen oxide, iskar gas mai saurin canzawa da hasken rana wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin yanayin ozone a cikin birane. Wani binciken ya gano cewa ga kowane digiri 1 na Celsius (1 ° C) hauhawar zafin jiki a Amurka, akwai kimanin mutane 20-30 da suka wuce ciwon daji, da kuma kimanin 1000 (CI: 350-1800) mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da gurɓataccen iska. Kimanin kashi 40 cikin dari na ƙarin mutuwar na iya zama saboda ozone kuma sauran ga kwayoyin halitta a kowace shekara. Ana zaton ɗari uku daga cikin waɗannan mutuwar shekara-shekara suna faruwa a California. 

 Tasirin Tattalin Arziki 

 Hawan farashi 
Tasirin tattalin arziki ya hada da hauhawar farashi daga hauhawar farashin inshora,   farashin makamashi da Farashin abinci.

 Kudin cikin gida 
Majalisar Tsaro ta Halitta (NRDC) ta kiyasta cewa a karkashin yanayin kasuwanci-kamar yadda ya saba, tsakanin shekarun 2025 da 2100, farashin samar da ruwa ga jihohin yamma a Amurka zai karu daga dala biliyan 200 zuwa dala biliyan 950 a kowace shekara, kimanin kashi 0.93-1 na babban samfurin cikin gida na Amurka (GDP). Tasirin sauyin yanayi guda huɗu - lalacewar guguwa, farashin makamashi, asarar dukiya, da farashin ruwa - kawai ana hasashen cewa za su kashe kashi 1.8 cikin dari na GDP na Amurka, ko kuma kasa da dala tiriliyan 1.9 a cikin dala na Amurka na 2008 ta shekara 2100.

 Hanyoyin aiki 
Wani binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa karuwar mitar da tsananin yanayi saboda canjin yanayi zai haifar da raguwar yawan aikin gona, asarar kudaden shiga, da kuma yiwuwar sauka. Canjin yanayi da yanayin hazo na iya buƙatar matakan daidaitawa masu tsada, kamar sake dawo da noman amfanin gona, canza abun da ke ciki ko nau'in amfanin gona.  Ƙara abubuwan shigarwa kamar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta don daidaitawa da canje-canje a cikin yanayin muhalli, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar tattalin arziki da asarar aiki.  Canjin yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri ga yawan aikin gona a California wanda ke haifar da ma'aikata da ke kara shafar asarar aiki. Misali, kayayyakin noma guda biyu mafi girma a bangaren noma na dala biliyan 30 na California sune kayayyakin madara (madara da cream, kimantawa a dala biliyan 3.8 a kowace shekara) da inabi ($ biliyan 3.2 a kowace shekara).  Hakanan ana sa ran zai shafi balaga na inabi, yana rage darajar kasuwa sosai.

 Shari'a 
California ta dauki matakai da yawa na majalisa da matakai masu yawa da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyya ga batun tasirin yanayi da ke neman hanawa da rage haɗarin yiwuwar tasirin canjin yanayi  ta hanyar motsawa iri-iri, matakai da cikakkun tsare-tsare don motoci masu tsabta, makamashi mai sabuntawa, da kuma kula da gurɓata a kan masana'antu tare da manyan ka'idodin muhalli gaba ɗaya. California an san ta da rawar da take takawa a cikin mulkin majalisa mai kula da muhalli ba kawai a matakin kasa ba har ma a duniya.

A cikin shekara ta 2007, Majalisar Dokokin California ta kafa AB 32, Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006, wanda ya buƙaci jihar ta rage hayakin gas zuwa matakan 1990 zuwa 2020.  Ya ba da umurni ga Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California (CARB) tare da haɓaka Shirin Scoping don aiwatar da dokar. AB 32 ya yi daidai da Dokar Zartarwa ta 2005 S-03-05, wanda, ban da haka, ya buƙaci California ta rage hayakin ta zuwa 80% a ƙasa da matakan 1990 ta hanyar 2050. CARB ta sabunta Shirin Scoping a cikin 2014 .  SB 32, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2016, ya kafa burin yanayi na Jiha bayan 2020, yana buƙatar raguwar kashi 40% a ƙasa da matakan 1990 ta 2030 da raguwar kashi 80% ta 2050. Shirin Nazarin CARB na 2017, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda Jiha za ta aiwatar da SB 32, ya kafa manufofi na jihar don fitar da hayaki na GHG: dole ne a rage su zuwa 6 MTCO2e (tonin ma'auni na carbon-dioxide daidai) nan da 2030, da 2 MTCO2ee nan da 2050.  CARB ta 2022 Scoping Plan ci gaba da aiwatar da SB 32.

 Tasirin namun daji 
Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri sosai ga namun daji a California, canza wuraren zama, rarraba jinsuna, da alaƙar muhalli. Yayin da yanayin zafi ke tashi, nau'o'in halittu da yawa suna canza kewayon su zuwa tsaunuka mafi girma ko arewa, yayin da wasu nau'o-nau'in tsuntsaye na kudancin yanzu suna yin gida a kai a kai a jihar. Wadannan sauye-sauye suna haifar da asarar mazaunin, tare da tsinkaye da ke nuna cewa tsakanin 21 da 56% na yankunan halitta na California na iya zama marasa dacewa ga yanayin halittu na yanzu ta hanyar 2100. Wasu tsarin halittu, irin su gandun daji na pinyon-juniper da marshes na ruwa mai laushi, na iya rasa har zuwa 97% na mazauninsu da ya dace. Wasu nau'o'in da za su iya shafar sun hada da California Spotted Owl . Wannan nau'in ya dogara da yanayin gandun daji mai ɗorewa tare da manyan, tsofaffin bishiyoyi. Canjin yanayi da ya haifar da fari da abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi sun rushe waɗannan wuraren zama, suna shafar ikon su na haifuwa da tsira. Sakamakon ya kuma kai ga Coho Salmon na Tsakiyar California: Wadannan salmon suna da rauni ga canje-canjen mazaunin saboda karuwar fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Canjin yanayi na iya lalata wuraren haihuwar su, yana shafar kwai da rayuwar yara. Kogin Sacramento Winter-Run Chinook Salmon ma yana da tasiri ta hanyar tabarbarewar canjin yanayi a California. Hawan yanayin zafi da raguwar wadatar ruwa saboda canjin yanayi yana barazana ga nasarar da suka samu, saboda suna buƙatar yanayin ruwan sanyi. Desert Slender Salamander misali ne na amphibian da ya shafi canjin yanayi na California. Wannan nau'in ya dogara da wuraren zama masu laushi waɗanda ke ƙara bushewa saboda yanayin zafi mafi girma da rage ruwan sama da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi.

 Dubi kuma 

 2012-2013 fari na Arewacin Amurka
 2014 gobarar daji ta California
 2013 Wutar daji ta California
 Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta California
 Canjin yanayi a Amurka
 CoolCalifornia.org
 Tasirin dumamar yanayi
 Jerin jihohin Amurka da yankuna ta hanyar hayakin carbon dioxide
 Motocin lantarki a California
 Rashin gurɓata a California
 Rashin zazzabi na kwari

 Manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Shirin Gudanarwa 
 Cibiyar California don Makamashi mai dorewa
 California ta saki shirye-shiryen yanke Greenhouse Emissions An adana shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2011, a  (EERE).
 Ma'aikatar albarkatun ruwa ta California

 Shari'a

 CARB game da shekara ta 1493.
 PDF" id="mwBhY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Dokokin CARB (PDF).
 AB 32 Solutions For Global Warming.
 AB 1007.
 AB 1493 (Pavley) Briefing Package (PDF) Greenhouse gas emissions.
 AB 1493 Sauraron Bayanai (Microsoft Word fayil) 
 PDF/links/ab_1493_bill_20020701_enrolled.pdf" id="mwBiQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">AB 1493 daga shafin yanar gizon Gwamna, Majalisar Dattijai ta California da AB 1493 zuwa Calcleancars.org (PDF) 

Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba