Hawan matakin teku

Matsayin teku yana tashi daga ƙarshen lokacin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe, wanda ya kasance kusan shekaru 20,000 da suka gabata.Scambos, Ted; Abdalati, Waleed (2022-12-31). "How fast is sea level rising?". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 54 (1): 123–124. Bibcode:2022AAAR...54..123S. doi:10.1080/15230430.2022.2047247. ISSN 1523-0430. OCLC 9635006243. Tsakanin 1901 da 2018, matsakaicin matakin teku ya tashi da 15-25 cm (6-10 in), tare da karuwar 2.3 mm (0.091 a) a kowace shekara tun daga 1970s. haɓaka zuwa 4.62 mm (0.182 a) / shekara na shekaru goma 2013-2022."WMO annual report highlights continuous advance of climate change". World Meteorological Organization. 21 April 2023. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023. Press Release Number: 21042023. Sauyin yanayi saboda ayyukan dan Adam shine babban dalilin[6]: 5, 8  Tsakanin shekarar 1993 zuwa 2018, narkakken kankara da glaciers ya kai kashi 44% na hawan teku, yayin da wani kashi 42% ya samu sakamakon fadada ruwan zafi.WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group (2018). "Global sea-level budget 1993–present". Earth System Science Data. 10 (3): 1551–1590. Bibcode:2018ESSD...10.1551W. doi:10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018. hdl:20.500.11850/287786. This corresponds to a mean sea-level rise of about 7.5 cm over the whole altimetry period. More importantly, the GMSL curve shows a net acceleration, estimated to be at 0.08mm/yr2.: 1576

Hawan teku ya biyo bayan canje-canje a yanayin zafin duniya da shekaru da yawa, don haka hawan teku zai ci gaba da sauri tsakanin yanzu zuwa 2050 don mayar da martani ga dumamar yanayi da ya riga ya faru.[8] Abin da ke faruwa bayan haka ya dogara ne da hayaƙin da ake fitarwa na ɗan adam a nan gaba. Idan akwai raguwa mai zurfi a cikin hayaki, hawan matakin teku zai ragu tsakanin 2050 da 2100. Abubuwan da aka ruwaito na karuwa a cikin hadarin ambaliya sau da yawa suna da girma sosai, daga 10 zuwa 1000 don ko da mafi girman yanayin hawan teku na 0.5 m ko ƙasa da haka.[9]. Sannan zai iya kaiwa da 2100 tsakanin 30 cm (1 ft) da 1.0 m (3+1⁄3 ft) daga yanzu kuma kusan 60 cm (2 ft) zuwa 130 cm (4+1⁄2 ft) daga ƙarni na 19th. Tare da yawan hayaki zai iya ƙara haɓakawa, kuma zai iya tashi da 50 cm (1.6 ft) ko ma da 1.9 m (6.2 ft) ta 2100. (2.7 °F) sama da gabanin masana'antu. Zai zama mita 19-22 (62-72 ft) idan zafi ya kai 5 ° C (9.0 ° F).IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers Archived 2021-08-11 at the Wayback Machine. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Archived 2023-05-26 at the Wayback Machine Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, US, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.: 21

Hawan teku yana shafar kowane al'ummar bakin teku a duniya.Bindoff, N. L.; Willebrand, J.; Artale, V.; Cazenave, A.; Gregory, J.; Gulev, S.; Hanawa, K.; Le Quéré, C.; Levitus, S.; Nojiri, Y.; Shum, C. K.; Talley, L. D.; Unnikrishnan, A. (2007). "Observations: Ocean Climate Change and Sea Level: §5.5.1: Introductory Remarks". In Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K. B.; Tignor, M.; Miller, H. L. (eds.). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88009-1. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Wannan na iya zama ta hanyar ambaliya, da guguwa mai girma, igiyar ruwa, da kuma ƙara haɗarin tsunami. Akwai tasirin ƙwanƙwasa da yawa. Suna haifar da asarar muhallin bakin teku kamar mangroves. Yawan amfanin gona na iya raguwa saboda karuwar gishiri a cikin ruwan ban ruwa. Lalacewar tashoshin jiragen ruwa na kawo cikas ga cinikin teku.TAR Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (PDF) (Report). International Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press. 2001. ISBN 0521-80767-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.Holder, Josh; Kommenda, Niko; Watts, Jonathan (3 November 2017). "The three-degree world: cities that will be drowned by global warming". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2018-12-28. Yunkurin hawan teku da aka yi hasashen nan da shekara ta 2050 zai fallasa wuraren da miliyoyin mutane ke zaune a halin yanzu ga ambaliyar ruwa. Idan ba tare da raguwar hayaki mai gurbata yanayi ba, wannan na iya karuwa zuwa daruruwan miliyoyi a cikin shekarun karshen karni.

Abubuwan gida kamar kewayon magudanar ruwa ko ƙasƙantar ƙasa za su yi tasiri sosai ga tsananin tasirin. Misali, hawan ruwan teku a Amurka yana da yuwuwa ya zarce sau biyu zuwa uku fiye da matsakaicin duniya a karshen karni.Amma duk da haka, daga cikin kasashe 20 da suka fi fuskantar hawan teku, goma sha biyu suna cikin Asiya, ciki har da Indonesia, Bangladesh da Philippines.Ƙarfin juriya da daidaita yanayin yanayin muhalli da ƙasashe kuma ya bambanta, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin tasiri ko žasa.[18] Babban tasiri a kan yawan mutane a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci zai faru a cikin ƙananan tsibirin Caribbean da na Pacific ciki har da atolls. Hawan ruwan teku zai sa da yawa daga cikinsu ba za su iya rayuwa ba daga baya a wannan karni.

Al'ummomi na iya daidaitawa zuwa hawan matakin teku ta hanyoyi da yawa. Gudanar da ja da baya, daidaita canjin bakin teku, ko karewa daga hawan teku ta hanyar ayyuka masu tsauri kamar bangon teku[20] hanyoyi ne masu wahala. Hakanan akwai hanyoyi masu laushi kamar gyaran dune da abinci na bakin teku. Wani lokaci waɗannan dabarun daidaitawa suna tafiya tare. A wasu lokuta dole ne a yi zaɓe tsakanin dabaru daban-daban.[21] Kasashe masu fama da talauci kuma na iya kokawa wajen aiwatar da dabaru iri daya don daidaita yanayin hawan teku kamar yadda kasashe masu arziki suke.

 Abun Lura 
Tsakanin 1901 da 2018, matsakaicin matakin teku na duniya ya tashi da kusan 20 cm (7.9 in). Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da aka tattara daga ma'aunin radar tauraron dan adam sun sami karuwar 7.5 cm (3.0 in) daga 1993 zuwa 2017 (matsakaicin 2.9 mm (0.11 a) / shekara). Wannan haɓaka zuwa 4.62 mm (0.182 a) / shekara don 2013-2022.[5] Bayanai na Paleoclimate sun nuna cewa wannan adadin hawan teku shine mafi sauri da ya kasance a cikin akalla shekaru 3,000 da suka gabata.Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, Helene T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S. S.; Edwards, T. L.; Golledge, N. R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R. E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S. L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, US. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-24. Retrieved 2022-10-18.: 1216

Yayin da hawan teku ya kasance daidai a duniya, wasu talakawan ƙasa suna motsawa sama ko ƙasa sakamakon rashin abinci (nutsewar ƙasa ko daidaitawa) ko koma bayan dusar ƙanƙara (ƙasar tana tashi kamar yadda kankara ke rage nauyi). Don haka, hawan matakin teku na dangi na gida na iya zama sama ko ƙasa da matsakaicin duniya. Canza yawan kankara kuma yana shafar rarraba ruwan teku a duniya ta hanyar nauyi.Katsman, Caroline A.; Sterl, A.; Beersma, J. J.; van den Brink, H. W.; Church, J. A.; Hazeleger, W.; Kopp, R. E.; Kroon, D.; Kwadijk, J. (2011). "Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to develop flood protection strategies for a low-lying delta—the Netherlands as an example". Climatic Change. 109 (3–4): 617–645. Bibcode:2011ClCh..109..617K. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0037-5. ISSN 0165-0009. S2CID 2242594.Church, J. A.; Clark, P. U. (2013). "Sea Level Change". In Stocker, T. F.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, US: Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-05-09. Retrieved 2018-08-12.

 Shirya Aiki 
Ana amfani da hanyoyin haɓaka dama don haɓakar matakin teku (tsinkayen slr). Slangen, A. B. A.; Haasnoot, M.; Winter, G. (30 March 2022). "Rethinking Sea-Level Projections Using Families and Timing Differences" (PDF). Earth's Future. 10 (4): e2021EF002576. Bibcode:2022EaFut..1002576S. doi:10.1029/2021EF002576. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024 Daya shine ana yin amfani da kayan aiki na tushen tsari, inda ke narkewa na kankara ta hanyar samfurin kankara da fadada ta hanyar lalacewar teku, sannan kuma ana samun gudummawar teku. Moore, John C.; Grinsted, Aslak; Zwinger, Thomas; Jevrejeva, Svetlana (10 June 2013). "Semiempirical and process-based global sea level projections". Reviews of Geophysics. 51 (3): 484–522. Bibcode:2013RvGeo..51..484M. doi:10.1002/rog.20015.Abin da ake kira hanyar da ake kira Semi-Endimical hanyar da ke amfani da dabarun ƙididdiga da samfuri na zahiri zuwa ga tsoho data na tarihi (wanda aka sani da kayan kwalliya na tarihi). Mengel, Matthias; Levermann, Anders; Frieler, Katja; Robinson, Alexander; Marzeion, Ben; Winkelmann, Ricarda (8 March 2016). "Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (10): 2597–2602. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.2597M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1500515113. PMC 4791025. PMID 26903648.An kirkiro shi saboda tsinkaye na tsari a cikin rahotannin IPCC a da suka gabata (kamar rahoton kimantawa na hudu) daga 2007) an gano shi don rashin sanin cikakken matakin teku sun tashi. 

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