Mafi munin nau'ikan Yarjejeniyar Kwadago ta Yara

Yarjejeniyar game da haramtacciyar doka da kuma gaggawa don kawar da mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara, wanda aka sani a takaice da mafi munirin nau'ikan aiki na yara, kungiyar kwadago ta duniya (ILO) ta karbe shi a cikin 1999 a matsayin Yarjejeniyar ILO No. 182. Yana daya daga cikin manyan tarurruka takwas na ILO.

Ta hanyar tabbatar da wannan Yarjejeniyar No. 182, ƙasa ta himmatu ga ɗaukar mataki nan da nan don hanawa da kawar da mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara, gami da Bautar, karuwancin yara, amfani da yara a cikin ayyukan aikata laifuka, da aiki mai haɗari. Yarjejeniyar tana jin daɗin saurin tabbatarwa a tarihin ILO tun 1919. 

Shirin Kasa da Kasa na ILO kan Kashe Ayyukan Yara (IPEC) yana da alhakin taimakawa kasashe a wannan bangaren da kuma sa ido kan bin dokahttps://hausa.leadership.ng/wajibi-a-mayar-da-hankali-kan-yancin-yara/. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da IPEC ke amfani da su don taimakawa ƙasashe a wannan batun shine Shirye-shiryen Lokaci.

Har ila yau, ILO ta amince da Mafi Girma na Shawarwarin Ayyukan Yara No. 190 a cikin 1999. Wannan shawarar ta ƙunshi, a tsakanin wasu, shawarwari game da nau'ikan haɗari da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don haɗa su a cikin ma'anar ƙasa na Mafi Girma na Halitta da Yara ke fuskanta a Aiki.

Yarjejeniyar No 182 ta sanya hannu ta dukkan kasashe membobin ILO a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2020. Wannan ya zama yarjejeniya mafi sauri a cikin tarihin shekaru 101 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

 Manufar Yarjejeniyar 
Cire aikin yara yana daya daga cikin manyan manufofi na ILO. A cewar hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, yara miliyan 152 a duk duniya sun shafi taron, kusan rabin su suna yin aiki mai haɗari. Yawancin aikin yara ana gudanar da su ne a bangaren noma, galibi saboda talauci da matsalolin da iyaye ke fuskanta. Yarjejeniyar ta goyi bayan haramtacciyar da kawar da mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara, gami da bautar, aikin tilas da fataucin mutane. Ya haramta amfani da yara a cikin rikice-rikice, karuwanci da batsa, ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da aiki mai haɗari. A cewar ILO, yawan ma'aikatan yara ya fadi da kusan kashi 40 cikin dari tsakanin 2000 da 2016 yayin da adadin tabbatarwa ya karu kuma kasashe sun zartar da dokoki da manufofi, gami da mafi ƙarancin shekarun aiki.

 Tabbatar da shi 
A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan 2020, Babban Kwamishinan  a Burtaniya, Hon. Titilupe Fanetupouvava'u Tuita-Tu'ivakanō, ya ajiye kayan tabbatarwa don wannan taron tare da Darakta Janar na ILO, Guy Ryder. Wannan lamari ne na tarihi saboda shi ne karo na farko da dukkan kasashe mambobin suka amince da Yarjejeniyar Kwadago ta Duniya.

Har ila yau, ba a mika taron ga yankuna da yawa da ba na birni ba na jihohin da suka tabbatar da yarjejeniyar: 
JihaYankin da ba na birni ba, Yankin , New Caledonia, Yankin Kudancin Faransa da AntarcticYankunan Kudancin Faransa da Antarctic da Caribbean Netherlands , , , , , , tsibirin Virgin Islands na Burtaniya, , , , 

 Mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara da aka riga aka tsara 
Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya ya haɗa da nau'ikan aikin yara 182 waɗanda aka riga aka bayyana su a matsayin mafi munin nau'ikan aiki na yara, gami da waɗannan: Ana kuma kiran su a wasu lokuta mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara na atomatik.

Mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara da aka riga aka tsara sune:

 duk nau'ikan Bautar ko ayyukan da suka yi kama da bautar, kamar sayar da yaro; fataucin yara, ma'ana daukar yara don yin aiki nesa da gida da kuma kula da iyalansu, a yanayin da ake cinye su; bautar bashi ko kowane nau'in aiki ko bautar; aikin tilas ko tilas, gami da tilastawa ko tilastawa daukar yara don amfani da su a cikin rikici;
 sayar da yaro;
 fataucin yara, ma'ana daukar yara don yin aiki nesa da gida da kuma kula da iyalansu, a yanayin da ake cinye su.
 Bautar bashi ko wani nau'i na aiki ko bautar;
 tilasta ko tilastawa aiki, gami da tilastawa ko tilasta daukar yara don amfani a cikin rikici;
 Cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci (CSEC), gami da amfani, sayen ko miƙa yaro don:  karuwanci, ko samar da batsa ko don wasan kwaikwayo na batsa;
 karuwanci, ko
 samar da batsa ko don wasan kwaikwayo na batsa;
 amfani, sayen ko miƙa yaro ta wasu don ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda aka fi sani da yara da manya ke amfani da su a cikin aikata laifuka (CUBAC), gami da fataucin mutane ko samar da kwayoyi 
 aiki ta hanyar yanayinsa wanda zai iya cutar da lafiyar yara, aminci ko ɗabi'a 

 Mafi munin haɗari: Don a bayyana ta kowace ƙasa mai tabbatarwa 
Matsayi na ƙarshe na mafi munin nau'in aikin yara shine aiki wanda ta hanyar yanayinsa ko yanayin zai iya cutar da lafiyar yara, aminci ko ɗabi'ar yara, ko Mafi munin Hanyoyin Hadari da Yara ke fuskanta. A nan Yarjejeniyar ta ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a tantance yanayin ta hanyar tuntuɓar kungiyoyin ma'aikata da ma'aikata a cikin takamaiman ƙasa. Yarjejeniyar ta ba da shawarar cewa shirye-shiryen aiki ya kamata su kula musamman ga yara ƙanana, yarinya, yanayin aiki na ɓoye wanda 'yan mata ke cikin haɗari na musamman, da sauran ƙungiyoyin yara masu rauni na musamman ko buƙatu. Mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara Shawarwarin No. 190 ya ƙunshi shawarwari game da nau'ikan haɗari waɗanda ya kamata a ɗauka a haɗa su cikin ma'anar ƙasa game da haɗarin mafi munin nau-in. Wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa.

Mafi munin nau'ikan aikin yara da ya kamata a hana su a cikin Shawarwarin ILO No. 190 sune:

 "Duk wani aiki da ke fallasa yara ga cin zarafin jima'i (a zahiri ko a hankali).
 Duk wani aiki da aka yi a karkashin kasa, a karkashin ruwa, a wurare masu haɗari ko a cikin sarari.
 Duk wani aiki da aka yi da kayan aiki masu haɗari, kayan aiki da kayan aiki.
 Duk wani aiki da ya shafi sarrafawa ko jigilar kaya masu nauyi.
 Duk wani aiki da aka yi a cikin yanayin da ba shi da lafiya wanda zai iya, alal misali, fallasa yara ga abubuwa masu haɗari, wakilai ko matakai, ko ga yanayin zafi, matakan amo, ko girgizar da ke lalata lafiyarsu.
 Duk wani aiki da aka yi a karkashin yanayi mai wahala kamar aiki na dogon lokaci ko a cikin dare ko aiki inda aka tsare yaron a cikin gidan mai aiki. "

 Manazarta 

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