Benalmádena

Benalmádena (pronunciation na Mutanen Espanya: []) wani gari ne a Andalusia a kudancin Spain, kilomita 12 a yammacin Málaga, a kan Costa del Sol tsakanin Torremolinos da Fuengirola .   

Benalmádena tana da wadata a cikin rairayin bakin teku masu kyau da wurare masu ban sha'awa kamar Colomares Castle, Benalmádena Stupa mai tsawon mita 33, mafi girman stupa na Buddha a Turai, Benalmadena Marina da Benalmádona Cable Car.

Benalmádena ya ƙunshi yanki sama da 27 km 2 wanda ya tashi daga koli na Saliyo de Mijas zuwa teku, yana fadowa a wasu wurare a matsayin dutse. An ketare yankin daga gabas zuwa yamma akan babbar hanyar A-7, wacce ta haɗu da babban birnin lardin da sauran cibiyoyin tekun Bahar Rum. []

Tare da mazauna 61,383 bisa ga ƙididdigar INE na 2010, Benalmádena ita ce ta takwas mafi yawan jama'a a lardin kuma ta uku mafi girma, bayan Málaga da Torremolinos. Yawan jama'a sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin manyan cibiyoyi uku: Benalmádena Pueblo, Arroyo de la Miel da Benalmádina Costa, kodayake babban ci gaban birane da yawan jama'a suna da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin uku.

An zauna Benalmádena tun zamanin da ba a san shi ba. Benalmádena ta sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki a lokacin mulkin musulmi. Ci gabanta ya gurgunta bayan ya shiga kambin Castile a cikin 1485 saboda bala'o'i daban-daban da tsananin ayyukan masu zaman kansu a yankin. Masana'antar takarda da noman inabi sun sake farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19.

A farkon karni na 21 Benalmádena yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon bude ido a Costa del Sol, tare da wuraren shakatawa ciki har da wurin shakatawa, akwatunan kifaye guda biyu, gidan caca, motar kebul da ɗayan manyan tashoshin Andalusia.

 Tarihi 
A tarihi yankin ya mamaye kuma ya zauna da al'adu da yawa tun daga zamanin Bronze, gami da tsoffin Phoenicians da Romawa, kuma ya sami rinjaye sosai daga mazaunin Moorish na kudancin Iberian Peninsula. Hasumiyoyin Almenara guda biyu a bakin tekun sun samo asali ne daga karni na 15, wanda aka gina don kare bakin tekun da yawan jama'arta daga hare-haren 'Yan fashi na Barbary a cikin shekaru bayan sake mamayewa (sake cin nasara) na yankin ta Henry IV na Castile.

A zamanin yau, tare da sauran yankin Costa del Sol ya zama muhimmiyar wurin yawon bude ido. Garin ya kasance ƙarƙashin fadada birane da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan tare da sababbin gine-gine da gidaje da aka gina, wani lokacin yana haifar da lalacewar muhalli.

Benalmádena tana da ƙauyen gargajiya na Mutanen Espanya da kuma zamani, bakin teku, yankin yawon bude ido.

 Magana 
Marubutan da yawa suna ba da ra'ayoyi game da asalin sunan garin, amma babu wanda aka tabbatar. Takardun farko waɗanda ke ƙunshe da nassoshi ga Benalmádena daga ƙarni na 15 a cikin gwagwarmayar dawo da kambin Castile a kan Nasrid Kingdom of Granada . Tunanin da yawancin masana tarihi suka yarda da shi shine sunan Larabci na Ibn al-ma' din "ɗan ma'adinai" don gadon ƙarfe da ochre da aka samu a yankin. Wata ka'ida, kuma tana da alaƙa da kalmar Larabci Bina al-ma'din, wanda fassararsa za ta zama "gina ko gina ma'adinai".

Akwai wasu ra'ayoyi kamar Larabci don "mutane tsakanin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa", Bena-A La Ena . Wani shawara shi ne cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga Bina al-Madina, "yanayin dangin al-Madinas"; bisa ga bayanan tarihi sun kasance dangin musulmi ne masu arziki na Málaga kuma suna iya mallakar yankin. An kuma ba da shawarar cewa sunan karamar hukumar yana nufin zuriyar Madana, Ben al-Madana .

 Kafin Daular Roma 
Gidajen mutane na farko a yankin sun fito ne daga Upper Palaeolithic, shekaru 20,000 da suka gabata bisa ga binciken wasu koguna da ke yankin: "Cueva del Toro", "Cueve del Botijo" da "Cueва de la Zorrera". A cikin ƙarni na 8 da 7 BC Finikiyawa, suna da sha'awar hakar ma'adinai na yankin. Finikiyawa sun kafa yankuna da yawa a duk bakin tekun Spain. Romawa sun maye gurbin Phoenicians a matsayin 'yan kasuwa kuma sun fara amfani da arzikin Bahar Rum. Daga cikin ragowar Romawa akwai rushewar Benal-Roma, masana'antar gishiri da ke bakin tekun, shafin Torremuelle, da enamelware da sauran abubuwa da aka adana a Gidan Tarihi na Benalmádena. Al'adun ruwan inabi suna da matukar muhimmanci a lokacin mulkin Romawa.

 Zamanin Tsakiya 
A cikin ƙarni masu zuwa yankin ya zama maras yawan jama'a. Mutane sun nemi mafaka a cikin ganuwar birnin Málaga daga hare-hare da fashi daga teku. An haɗa garin a cikin lardin Roman na Baetica . Daga baya Visigoths da Byzantines suka karbe shi. Bayan mamayewar musulmi na yankin Iberian, yankin ya bunƙasa sosai. A cikin karni na 11, yawan jama'a sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin wani gari mai garu da kuma sansani, dukansu suna cikin "Benalmádena Pueblo". Musulmai sun bunkasa aikin gona kuma sun gabatar da sukari, ɓaure, inabi da mulberry (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a masana'antar masana'antu) daga Gabas. Ibn al-Baitar, daya daga cikin manyan masanan tsire-tsire da magunguna na Zamanin Tsakiya, an haife shi a nan a cikin 1197.

 Kafin juyin juya halin Faransa 
A shekara ta 1456 sojojin Kirista a karkashin umurnin Sarki Enrique IV na Castilla sun lalata sansanin da garin. Mazauna ƙauyen sun nemi mafaka a Mijas don sake gina gidajensu, waɗanda Sarki Ferdinand Katolika ya sake lalatawa a cikin 1485 a nasararsa ta ƙarshe. A cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa an bar garin. A cikin shekara ta 1491 sarki ya umarci Alonso Palmero ya mallaki yankin tare da tsoffin Kiristoci talatin da Palmero a matsayin magajin gari, amma girgizar ƙasa da hare-haren 'yan fashi sun sa ba zai yiwu a zauna a garin ba. A cikin waɗannan lokutan ne sunan Larabci ya zama Castilianized kuma garin ya zama Benalmaina.

 Zamanin zamani 
A shekara ta 1784 ɗan Italiya Félix Solesio ya sayi gonar "Arroyo de la Miel" don gina masana'antun takarda guda shida don samar da Royal Factory of Playing Cards of Macharaviaya . Makoma ga mafi yawan samarwa shine kasuwar Amurka. Wannan zai nufin haihuwar cibiyar Arroyo de la Miel a kusa da sabon kasuwanci da masana'antun da aka gina a abin da ke yanzu "Plaza de España", wanda ke dauke da "Portal de San Carlos" (ƙofar San Carlos) tare da makamai na Solesio da ginin "La Tribuna". An gina wani abin tunawa ga wanda ya kafa wannan hadaddun a cikin filin. A cikin karni na 19 birnin ya girma ta hanyar amfani da inabi na muscatel don samar da ruwan inabi, amma annoba ta inabi ta phylloxera ta lalata amfanin gona a fadin lardin. Cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro, typhoid da kwalara suma sun lalata yawan jama'a. Haɓakar yawan jama'ar karamar hukumar ta fara ne a cikin shekarun 1950 tare da haihuwa da ci gaban yawon bude ido a bakin tekun Spain. Yawancin otal-otal da aka kafa, gidajen cin abinci da kasuwanni sun buɗe a wannan lokacin, kamar Otal din Triton (1961), wurin shakatawa na Tivoli World (1973), gidan caca da otal ɗin Torrequebrada (1979), Selwo Aquarium, Sea Life Aquarium, Chollocasa, Cable car, Irentinsapain, Otal Alay. An gina wasu da yawa a farkon karni na 21.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Garin yana da manyan birane guda uku:

 Benalmádena Pueblo, ƙauyen asali, wanda ke da nisan kilomita uku a cikin ƙasa a tsawo na kusan 200 m sama da matsakaicin matakin teku. Babban ƙauyen ya ƙunshi ƙauyen Andalusian mai fararen fata, kodayake ya haɗa da gine-gine da yawa na baya-bayan nan a cikin tsarin gine-gine na zamani. Garin Benalmádena kuma yana da gidan kayan gargajiya na archaeological tare da kayan tarihi da aka samo daga cikin gida waɗanda suka samo asali daga zamanin Bronze.
 Benalmádena Costa, wani birni ne a bakin tekun. A nan akwai disco, otal-otal, rairayin bakin teku, cibiyoyin cin kasuwa da kuma tashar Jirgin ruwa mai kayan aiki. Abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido sun haɗa da akwatin kifaye na SeaLife da Selwo Marina, wurin shakatawa tare da dolphins, penguins da hatimi tsakanin sauran nau'o'in. Gidan shakatawa na Paloma wani ƙari ne na baya-bayan nan ga abubuwan jan hankali, wurin shakatawa mai kyau wanda ke dauke da babban tafki da dabbobi da ke gudana daji.
 Arroyo de la Miel (Honey Stream), asalin ƙauye ne daban, yana cikin ciki tsakanin sauran yankuna biyu. Ya zama babban yanki na zama, kuma shine mafi yawan kasuwanci. Gine-gine, da yawa daga cikinsu gidaje ne. suna cike da yawa. Yana da abubuwan jan hankali kamar wurin shakatawa na Tivoli World, da kuma teleferico (moto na kebul) yana gudana zuwa taron kolin dutsen Calamorro mai mita 769, wanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu kyau na Sierra Nevada, Gibraltar kuma, a kwanakin haske, bakin tekun Maroko. Kasuwar Jumma'a sanannen jan hankali ne.

 Yanayi 
Yanayin yanayi yawanci Bahar Rum ne, tare da yanayin zafi mai sauƙi a ko'ina cikin shekara, babu sanyi a cikin watanni masu sanyi, da kuma matsakaicin zafin jiki na  ° C (66 ° F).  Yanayinta na musamman da kuma wurin da yake a kudancin gabar tekun Turai sune muhimman dalilai guda biyu don masana'antar yawon bude ido ita ce babbar bangaren tattalin arziki na gari. Garin yana da rairayin bakin teku, Playa Nudista Benalnatura . 

 Tsire-tsire da dabbobi 
Benalmádena birni ne mai yawan birane sai dai ga yankunan da suka fi girma a tsaunuka, tare da ƙananan yankunan da ba birane ba. A cikin duwatsu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan Bahar Rum irin su fararen deadnettle, rock rose, thyme, rosemary da marjoram lily kamar itacen turpentine, juniper da bishiyoyin pine kamar pine, itacen carob da zaitun na daji.

Fauna sun hada da awaki na dutse, kwayoyin halitta, dabbobi masu rarrafe na nau'o'i daban-daban, gaggafa, kestrels da owls. An ga whales da sauran rayuwar ruwa a bakin tekun.

 Babban abubuwan da aka gani 
Garin Benalmádena yana da misali mafi girma na stupa na Buddha a Yammacin duniya, Benalmádena Stupa, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 2003.

A cikin Arroyo de la Miel, Avenida Garcia Lorca tana da ainihin filin wasan kankara na Costa del Sol.

 Sufurin jama'a 
Majalisar Benalmádena an haɗa ta cikin Malaga Metropolitan Transport Consortium . Akwai tikiti guda ɗaya don bas din birni da birane na Cercanías Málaga da Metro na Málaga.

Garin yana kan layin C1 na hanyar jirgin kasa ta Cercanías Málaga wanda ke gudana daga Málaga ta hanyar Filin jirgin saman Málaga-Costa del Sol zuwa Fuengirola, tare da jiragen kasa kowane minti 20. Babban tashar ita ce Arroyo de la Miel kuma na biyu shine Torremuelle .

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba