Yankin kusa da wata

Kusa da wata ita ce mashigin wata da ke fuskantar duniya . Yayin da duniya ke ci gaba da jujjuya ta gefenta na kusa zuwa wata, tana canzawa a cikin kwana ɗaya sashin da yake fuskantar wata, wata yana riƙe saman (ko “fuskar”) daidai da duniya. Hakan ya faru ne saboda wata da ke jujjuyawa a kan kusurwoyinsa daidai da yadda wata ke zagayawa a duniya—al’amarin da aka sani da kulle tidal . Kishiyar hemisphere ita ce gefe mai nisa .

Rana ne ke haskaka wata kai tsaye, kuma yanayin kallon yanayi na cyclally cyclically from the earth yana haifar da yanayin wata . Gefen kusa lokacin da duhu ba a ganuwa saboda hasken ƙasa, wanda hasken rana kai tsaye ke fitowa daga saman Duniya da kuma kan wata.

Tun da yake kewayawar wata yana da ɗan leƙen asiri kuma yana karkata zuwa jirgin sa na equatorial, libration yana ba da damar zuwa 59% na fuskar wata don a duba shi daga duniya (ko da yake rabin ne kawai a kowane lokaci daga kowane lokaci).
alt=Over one lunar month more than half of the Moon's surface can be seen from the surface of the Earth.|right|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|Gefen kusa kamar yadda aka gani (daga Arewacin Hemisphere na Duniya) tsawon wata ɗaya, yana nuna tasirin libration.

 Gabatarwa 
An zana hoton wata kamar yadda aka saba nunawa akan taswirori, wato arewa a sama da yamma zuwa hagu. Masana ilmin taurari a al'ada suna juya taswirar don samun kudu zuwa sama don dacewa da ra'ayi na arewa a cikin na'urorin hangen nesa, wanda yawanci ke nuna hoton a kife.

Yamma da gabas akan wata sune inda ake tsammanin su, lokacin da suke tsaye akan wata. Amma idan aka ga wata daga duniya, to sai a juya gabas-yamma alkibla. Lokacin zayyana daidaitawa akan wata ya kamata a koyaushe a ambaci ko ana amfani da haɗin gwiwar yanki (ko madaidaicin selenographic ) ko daidaitawar taurari .

Haƙiƙanin yanayin wata a sararin duniya ko kuma a sararin sama ya dogara ne da latitude ɗin masu kallo a duniya. A cikin bayanin da ke gaba za a yi la'akari da ƴan al'amura na yau da kullun.

 A kan iyakar arewa, idan an ga wata, yana tsaye ƙasa da sararin sama tare da sandansa na arewa sama.
 A tsakiyar latitudes na arewa (Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Asiya) wata yana fitowa gabas tare da arewa maso gabas gaɓoɓinsa (Mare Crisium), ya kai madaidaicin matsayi a kudu tare da arewa a samansa, kuma ya tashi zuwa yamma tare da gaɓansa na arewa maso yamma (Mare Imbrium) a sama.
 A kan equator, lokacin da wata ya tashi a gabas, N - S axis yana bayyana a kwance kuma Mare Foecunditatis yana saman. Lokacin da ya tashi a yamma, kimanin sa'o'i 12.5 bayan haka, axis yana nan a kwance, kuma Oceanus Procellarum shine yanki na ƙarshe don tsoma ƙasa da sararin sama. A tsakanin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, wata ya kai matsayi mafi girma a cikin zenith sannan kuma an jera kwatancensa da na duniya.
 A tsakiyar latitudes na kudanci (Amerika ta Kudu, Kudancin Pacific, Australia, Afirka ta Kudu) wata yana tashi a gabas tare da kudu maso gabas ya tashi (Mare Nectaris), ya kai matsayi mafi girma a arewa tare da kudu a saman, kuma ya tashi a yamma tare da kudu maso yammacin kudu (Mare Humorum) a saman.
 A kan sandar kudu wata ya yi kama da na arewa, amma a can ya bayyana tare da sandar kudu .



 Bambance-bambance 
Hemispheres guda biyu suna da bayyanuwa daban-daban, tare da gefen kusa an rufe su da yawa, manyan <i id="mwUA">maria</i> (Latin don 'tekuna'). Masana ilmin taurari da suka fara taswira su ne, a cikin karni na 17 (musamman, Giovanni Battista Riccioli da Francesco Maria Grimaldi ) sun yi imani da cewa wadannan wurare masu tsaunuka teku ne na ruwan wata. Ko da yake babu wani jikin ruwa a duniyar wata, har yanzu ana amfani da kalmar " mare " (jam'i: maria ). Gefen nisa yana da buguwa, siffa mai yawa tare da ƴan mariya. 1% kawai na saman gefen nesa yana rufe da maria,  idan aka kwatanta da 31.2% a gefen kusa. Dangane da binciken da NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) ta tantance, dalilin da ya sa ya bambanta shi ne saboda ɓawon wata ya fi siriri a gefen kusa idan aka kwatanta da na nesa.  Bakin duhun da ke tattare da babban maria na wata sune kwandon tasirin tasirin lava wanda tasirin asteroid ya haifar kimanin shekaru biliyan hudu da suka wuce. Ko da yake bangarorin biyu na wata sun kasance manyan masu tasiri iri ɗaya sun yi musu bam, ɓawon ɓawon ɓangarorin da ke kusa da na sama ya fi zafi fiye da na gefe mai nisa, wanda ya haifar da babban tasiri.  Waɗannan manyan ramuka masu tasiri sun haɗa da Man a cikin wata nassoshi daga sanannen tatsuniyoyi.

 Kusa da gefen Duniya 
Yayin da duniya ba a kulle ta da kyau ga wata, don haka ba ta mayar da fuska ɗaya zuwa wata, Duniya tana da "gefen kusa" zuwa wata, mai nuna "gefen kusa" (ko sublunar)  tidal bulge madaidaicin zuwa wata. 

 Manazarta