Matsayin ɗan ƙasa na zamantakewar T. H. Marshall

Matsayin ɗan ƙasa na zamantakewar T. H. Marshall ra'ayi ne na siyasa wanda aka fara nunawa a cikin rubutunsa, "Citizenship and the Social Class" a cikin 1949.

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 
Manufar Marshall ta bayyana nauyin zamantakewa da jihar ke da shi ga 'yan ƙasa ko, kamar yadda Marshall ya sanya shi, "daga [ba da] haƙƙin ɗan gajeren jin daɗin tattalin arziki da tsaro zuwa haƙƙin raba ga cikakke a cikin al'adun zamantakewa da kuma rayuwa da rayuwar mai wayewa bisa ga ƙa'idodin da ke cikin al'umma". Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da Marshall ya yi shine imaninsa game da juyin halitta na haƙƙoƙi a Ingila wanda aka samu ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa, daga "yancin ɗan adam a ƙarni na goma sha takwas, siyasa a ƙarni ya sha tara, da zamantakewa a ƙarni ɗari na ashirin". Wannan juyin halitta duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun soki shi ne kawai daga hangen nesa na fararen ma'aikaci. Marshall ya kammala rubutunsa tare da manyan dalilai uku don juyin halitta na haƙƙin zamantakewa da kuma ci gaba da juyin halitta, wanda aka jera a ƙasa:

 Rage gibin samun kudin shigaRashin samun kudin shiga
 "Babban fadada yankin al'ada da gogewa ta kowa" 
 Ƙara yawan 'yan ƙasa da ƙarin haƙƙoƙin da aka ba wa waɗannan' yan ƙasa.

Yawancin nauyin zamantakewa na jihar tun daga lokacin sun zama babban bangare na manufofin jihohi da yawa (duba Tsaron Jama'a na Amurka). Koyaya, waɗannan sun zama batutuwa masu rikitarwa saboda akwai muhawara game da ko ɗan ƙasa da gaske yana da haƙƙin ilimi har ma da ƙari, ga jin dadin jama'a'a.Borsay, Anne. (2005). "Disability and Social Policy in Britain since 1750". Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

 Rashin amincewa 

 Daga masu sassaucin ra'ayi 
"Neo-Liberal (Free-Market) akidar [ta tabbatar] cewa kauce wa kariya ta tattalin arziki shine tushe na al'umma mai kyau",  don haka suna adawa da haƙƙin zamantakewa da Marshall ya gabatar. Neo-liberals a maimakon haka sun ba da shawarar cewa shirye-shiryen jin dadin jama'a (wasu daga cikin alhakin zamantakewa da Marshall ya tattauna don taimakawa matalauta "yi amfani da haƙƙoƙin farar hula da na siyasa" ), sun "yi amfani ga Rashin aiki tsakanin matalauta, ba tare da inganta damar su ba, kuma sun kirkiro al'adun dogaro".  A maimakon haka suna ba da shawara (kuma sun aiwatar) jin daɗin da ke buƙatar cika wajibai.

Masu goyon bayan zama ɗan ƙasa na zamantakewa suna da matukar sukar akidar Neo-Liberal, suna ba da shawarar cewa "harin kai ga ainihin ka'idar zama ɗan ƙasa",  kuma cewa cibiyar Neo-Libéral ta cika wajibai a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don zama ɗan ƙasa, saboda suna ba da shawara cewa zama ɗan ƙasa ne na asali kuma "wannan kawai ya dace don buƙatar cika nauyin bayan an sami haƙƙin shiga"

 Ƙarshen 
T.H. Marshall ya buga rubutun sa a 1949 kuma ya yi babban tasiri a kan yawancin muhawara na 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka biyo baya. Kodayake rubutun asali ya kasa kallon ra'ayoyi ban da na fararen ma'aikata, ba wai kawai ana iya amfani da zama ɗan ƙasa na zamantakewa ga mutane da yawa ba. Amurka ta fahimci gazawar zama ɗan ƙasa na zamantakewa, amma yawancin jihohin masana'antu suna kallon zama ɗan ƙasa a matsayin alhakinsu, har ma da samar da jin dadin waje da iyakokinsu. Bayyanawar Marshall game da ra'ayin zama ɗan ƙasa na zamantakewa yana da mahimmanci ga yaduwar ra'ayin.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba