Guguwar Alibera

Guguwar Tropical Alibera ita ce guguwa ta uku mafi dauwamamme a cikin tekun Indiya kudu maso yammacin tekun Indiya, tare da tsawon kwanaki 22. An kafa shi a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1989, da kyau zuwa arewa maso gabashin Madagascar. Kwanaki da yawa, ta nufi kudu maso yamma yayin da a hankali ke ƙara ƙarfi. A ranar 20 ga Disamba, Alibera ya ƙaru zuwa matsayin guguwa mai zafi tare da matsakaicin iskar 10-minti 120 / h (mph 75), ko kuma daidai da ƙaramin guguwa. A wannan rana, ofishin Météo-Faransa a Réunion (MFR) ya kiyasta iskar 10-minti na 140 km / h (87 mph), yayin da Cibiyar Gargadi ta Haɗin gwiwa (JTWC), hukumar gargaɗin da ba ta aiki ba ga yankin, an kiyasta iskar 1-minti na 250 km / h (160 mph). Bayan da ta yi ta yawo cikin rudani na kwanaki da dama, guguwar ta fara motsi a kudu maso yamma a ranar 29 ga Disamba a matsayin tsarin da ya raunana sosai. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, Alibera ya kai hari kudu maso gabashin Madagascar kusa da Mananjary, bayan da ya sake tsananta har zuwa kasa da yanayin iska mai zafi. Ta yi rauni a kan kasa amma ta sake samun karfafuwa bayan ta isa budaddiyar ruwa a ranar 3 ga Janairu. Guguwar ta juya zuwa kudu maso gabas, sannan zuwa kudu maso yamma, daga karshe ta koma kudu maso gabas, ta watse a ranar 5 ga Janairu.

A farkon lokacinsa, Alibera ya haifar da iska mai ƙarfi a cikin Seychelles. A yayin da guguwar ta tashi zuwa gabar tekun Madagascar, guguwar ta afkawa garuruwan da ke gabar teku da ruwan sama mai karfin gaske da kuma guguwar iska mai gudun kilomita 250 a cikin sa'a. A Mananjary, kusan kowane gini ya lalace ko kuma ya lalace, kuma mazauna yankin sun yi la'akari da shi guguwa mafi muni tun shekara ta 1925. A duk fadin yankin, guguwar ta lalata manyan gonaki, dubban gidaje, da hanyoyi da gadoji da dama. Aliera ya kashe mutane 46 sannan ya bar mutane 55,346 suka rasa matsuguni. Bayan guguwar, gwamnatin Malagasy ta bukaci taimakon kasashen duniya.

 Tarihin yanayi 
Guguwar farko mai suna na kakar, Tropical Cyclone Alibera, ta samo asali ne a ranar 16 ga Disamba kimanin rabin tsakanin tsibirin Tromelin da Diego Garcia a matsayin tashin hankali na wurare masu zafi.Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1990 Alibera (1989349S08065). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2014-10-07 Ya samo asali ne daga Yankin Maɗaukaki na Intertropical kuma da farko ya ƙunshi yanki mai karkace na tsawa. Tsarin ya koma cikin kuskure, na farko zuwa kudu maso yamma, sannan zuwa kudu maso gabas, daga baya kuma ya karkata zuwa yamma, ya karkata ta wani tudu zuwa kudu maso gabas. A ranar 18 ga Disamba, ofishin Météo-Faransa a Réunion (MFR) ya kiyasta cewa tsarin ya kai iskar 65 km/h (mph 40), yana mai da shi guguwa mai matsakaicin zafi. MFR ita ce Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Musamman na Yanki don Basin.Tropical Cyclone Alibera, 16 December 1989 - 7 January 1990. National Climatic Data Center (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. 1996. Retrieved 2015-01-20. Sakamakon haka, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Mauritius ta sanya wa guguwar suna Alibera. Har ila yau, a ranar 18 ga Disamba, Cibiyar Gargaɗi na Haɗin Guguwar (JTWC), haɗin gwiwar rundunar sojojin ruwa da na sojan sama na Amurka da ke ba da gargadin mahaukaciyar guguwa ga yankin, ta kiyasta cewa guguwar tana da iskoki daidai da ƙananan guguwa a cikin binciken bayan hadari. Yayin da guguwar ke aiki, duk da haka, JTWC ba ta fara shawarwari ba sai washegari.

Alibera ya ƙara ƙaruwa cikin sauri, ya kai matsayin guguwa mai zafi a ranar 20 ga Disamba yayin da yake kudu maso yammacin Agaléga. Kodayake MFR ta kiyasta iskar mintuna 10-minti na 140 km/h (87 mph) a wannan rana, JTWC ta kiyasta cewa guguwar ta fi karfi sosai, inda aka kiyasta iskar mintuna 1 na 250 km/h (160 mph). Wannan yayi daidai da wata babbar mahaukaciyar guguwa, wadda ta sa Alibera ya ɗaure don guguwar da ta fi ƙarfi a kudancin kogin wancan lokacin, tare da Cyclone Alex a cikin rafin Ostiraliya. A ranar 21 ga Disamba, Aliera ya juya sosai zuwa kudu kuma a hankali ya raunana. A washegari, guguwar ta karkata zuwa wani mashigin gabas a matsayin guguwar zafi mai tsanani da ta ragu, hanyarta ta rinjayi ginshiƙai zuwa gabas da yamma. Ya ci gaba da yin ƙarfinsa na tsawon kwanaki masu zuwa, yana komawa kudu a ranar 24 ga Disamba kuma a hankali ya koma yamma. Duk da haka, motsin ya kasance marar kuskure, kuma guguwar ta aiwatar da ƙananan madaukai guda hudu. Ko da yake MFR na da matsalolin hasashen a wannan lokacin, guguwar ta yi nisa zuwa arewacin tsibirin Mascarene don iyakance faɗakarwar ruwan sama.Neal Dorst; Anne-Claire Fontan. "Sujet E6) Which tropical cyclone lasted the longest?". Records relatifs aux cyclones tropicaux. Retrieved 2014-10-07

A ranar 29 ga Disamba, Alibera ya fara tsayuwar hanya zuwa kudu maso yamma bayan ginshiƙin ya yi rauni, kuma ya ɗan taɓa lalacewa zuwa ƙaramin yanayin guguwa mai zafi. Koyaya, ya sake tsananta don kawai jin kunyar matsayin guguwar yanayi a ranar 1 ga Janairu. Ba da dadewa ba, Aliera ya yi ƙasa a arewacin Mananjary a kudu maso gabashin Madagascar, da ƙarfe 3 na safe a lokacin gida a ranar Sabuwar Shekara, tare da iska na mintuna 10 na 115 km / h (71 mph). Guguwar ta yi rauni da sauri a kan ƙasa, amma ta sake ƙarfafawa a kan isa tashar Mozambik a ranar 3 ga Janairu. Wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, yayin da Alibera ya raunana baya zuwa yanayin damuwa na wurare masu zafi a ranar 5 ga Janairu. Guguwar ta koma kudu maso gabas, ta juya zuwa kudu maso yamma, kuma a ƙarshe ta koma kudu maso gabas kafin ta bazu a ranar 7 ga Janairu,  bayan an shafe shi cikin yamma.OFDA Annual Report FY 1994 (PDF) (Report). Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 5, 2012. Retrieved 2014-10-10

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