Rashin da aka tilasta

Faduwar tilasta (ko bacewar tilasta) shine sace-sacen sirri ko ɗaure mutum tare da goyon baya ko yarda da jihar sannan ya ƙi amincewa da makomar mutumin ko inda yake tare da niyyar sanya wanda aka azabtarwa a waje da kariya ta doka. Sau da yawa, tilasta bacewar yana nufin kisan kai inda aka sace wanda aka azabtar, ana iya tsare shi ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma galibi ana azabtar da shi yayin tambayoyi, a ƙarshe an kashe shi, kuma an zubar da jikin a asirce. Jam'iyyar da ta aikata kisan tana da musantawa saboda babu wata shaida game da mutuwar wanda aka azabtar. 

An fara gane ɓacewar tilasta a matsayin batun haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin shekarun 1970s sakamakon Amfani da shi ta mulkin kama-karya na soja a Latin Amurka a lokacin Dirty War . Koyaya, ya faru a duk faɗin duniya.

Dangane da Dokar Roma ta Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya, wacce ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2002, lokacin da aka yi ta a matsayin wani bangare na yaduwar ko kuma tsari da aka kai wa kowane farar hula, tilasta bacewar ta cancanci zama laifi ga bil'adama, ba ƙarƙashin dokar iyaka ba, a cikin dokar aikata laifuka na duniya. A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Dukkanin Mutane daga Kashewa.

 Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam 
A cikin dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa, an sanya bacewar a hannun jihar a matsayin "tilasta" ko "tilasta bacewar" tun lokacin da Vienna Declaration and Program of Action. Misali, yarjejeniyar OAS ta Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons ce ke magance aikin. Har ila yau, akwai shaidar cewa tilasta bacewar ta faru a hankali yayin rikici,  kamar shirin Nazi Jamus na Night and Fog, wanda ya zama laifukan yaki.

A watan Fabrairun 1980, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa Kungiyar Aiki kan Rashin Daidaitawa ko Rashin Da'a, "tsarin farko na Majalisar Dinkin Dinkin Duniya da za a kafa tare da umarni na duniya". Babban aikinta "shi ne don taimakawa iyalai wajen tantance makoma ko inda danginsu suka ɓace" A watan Agustan 2014, ƙungiyar aiki ta ba da rahoton shari'o'in ɓacewa 43,250 a cikin jihohi 88 daban-daban.

Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Dukkanin Mutane daga Kashewa, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a ranar 20 ga Disamba 2006, ya bayyana cewa yaduwar ko tsarin aiki na tilasta bacewar ya zama laifi ga bil'adama. Yana ba wa iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa damar neman fansa da kuma neman gaskiya game da bacewar ƙaunatattun su. Yarjejeniyar ta ba da haƙƙin kada a tilasta wa bacewar, da kuma haƙƙin dangin mutumin da ya ɓace su san gaskiya da makomar mutumin da ya bace. 

Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi tanadi da yawa game da rigakafi, bincike, da kuma ba da izini ga wannan laifi. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi tanadi game da haƙƙin waɗanda abin ya shafa da danginsu, da kuma cire yara da aka haifa a lokacin da aka tsare su. Yarjejeniyar ta kara bayyana wajibin hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, a cikin murkushe aikin da kuma magance al'amuran jin kai da suka shafi aikata laifuka. 

Taron ya kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Rashin Da aka tilasta, wanda za a caje shi da muhimman ayyuka masu mahimmanci na saka idanu da kariya a matakin kasa da kasa. A halin yanzu, wani kamfen na kasa da kasa da ake kira International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances yana aiki don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar ta duniya.

Rashin aiki a matakai biyu: ba wai kawai suna yin shiru ga abokan adawar da masu sukar da suka ɓace ba, amma kuma suna haifar da rashin tabbas da tsoro a cikin al'umma, suna yin sharar wasu da suke tunanin za su yi adawa da kuma sukar. Rashin ya haifar da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da yawa da aka bayyana a cikin sanarwar haƙƙin ɗanɗano ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UDHR). Ga mutumin da ya ɓace, waɗannan sun haɗa da haƙƙin 'yanci, haƙƙin tsaron mutum da kuma kula da ɗan adam (ciki har da' yanci daga azabtarwa), haƙƙin shari'a mai adalci, ga lauyan shari'a da daidaitattun kariya a ƙarƙashin doka, da haƙƙin zaton rashin laifi. Iyalansu, waɗanda galibi suke ciyar da sauran rayuwarsu suna neman bayanai game da waɗanda suka ɓace, su ma wadanda abin ya shafa ne.

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