Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta Kasa

An kafa Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka  (NCAI)  a watan Fabrairun 1926. Manufar wannan kungiyar ita ce ta ba da shawara ga haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da wakilci a gaban gwamnatin Amurka. 

Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta kasa ta mayar da hankali kan reshen majalisa da takardun majalisa. Damuwar farko ta majalisa ta haɗa da HR 7826; lissafin da zai ba Majalisa ikon ɗaure kowane Indiya na watanni shida ba tare da shari'a ko sake dubawa na kotu ba. Baya ga wannan, wannan lissafin zai tilasta tarar $ 100.00 a duk lokacin da aka karya doka a cikin lokacin da aka yi aiki a kurkuku, kamar yadda ka'idojin suka tsara.

Farawar bincike game da wannan majalisa ta fara ne da Zitkála-Šá (wanda aka fi sani da Gertrude Bonnin) da Theodora Cunningham a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1926. Zitkála-Šá, tare da mijinta Raymond Bonnin, sun kafa Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta Kasa. Dukansu biyu 'yan asalin Yankton Sioux ne. Gudummawar Zitkála-Šá da Raymond Bonnin ga Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta fara ne tare da kafa ta da kuma jagorancinta.

 Ƙungiya 
Zitkála-Šá yana son 'yan asalin Amurka su sami ƙarin bayani game da tsanantawa a cikin Majalisa. Bayan taron kwamitin majalisar da ya yi da wakilin William Williamson, akwai rashin jituwa game da yadda 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka suke so a bi da su a cikin al'ummar Amurka. A lokacin taron kwamitin, Williamson ya yi jayayya cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka suna son a zartar da dokar HR 7826. Zitkála-Šá a da mijinta Raymond Bonnin sun yi yaƙi da wannan lissafin da za a zartar da shi. A mayar da martani ga wannan taron kwamitin, wakilan Indiya da yawa sun kafa Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta Kasa, kuma sun sanya Zitkála-Šá shugaban kasa.

Sauran mambobin Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka sun hada da: Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Joshua Wetsit, Babban Sakataren Baitulmalin Meade Steele, da Babban Mai ba da shawara R.T. Bonnin (Raymond Bonnin). Ƙabilun da aka haɗa a cikin Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka sun haɗa da Apache, Assiniboine, Comanche, Chippewa, Crow, Kiowa, Klamath, Miami, Oneida, Osage, Ponca, Sioux, da Utes. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, an wakilci wasu kabilun ta hanyar membobin mutum da surori a duk faɗin Amurka.

 Gudanarwa 
Baya ga yaki da nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta kuma inganta haƙƙin jefa kuri'a tsakanin kabilun. Lokacin da ya damu da harshen dokar HR 7826, Zitkála-Šá ya ce, "Mutumin kamar Williamson bai kamata ya kasance a cikin Majalisa ba kuma ku 'yan Indiya a can ya kamata ku ga cewa ba za a sake zabarsa ba. "  Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta kasa ta sami damar magance dokokin game da' yan asalin Amurka saboda dangantakar Zitkál-Šá da League of American Penwomen.

Baya ga HR 7826, majalisar ta kuma ba da shawara ga lissafin HR 9315 kuma ta mai da hankali ga bukatar haƙƙin ƙasa. Daga Fabrairu 1926 zuwa farkon shekarun 1930, NCAI ta sami damar yin aiki a hankali don samun da'awar ƙasa ga kabilun daban-daban a duk faɗin Amurka, saboda aikin shari'a mai yawa na Raymond Bonnin.

Zitkála-Šá da sauransu a cikin NCAI sun yi kira ga mambobin majalisa, wakilan gida, abokai, da iyalai, don su zama masu ilimi kuma su shiga cikin ikirarin ƙasar 'yan asalin ƙasar, haƙƙin mallaka, da matsalolin zamantakewa.

 Mutuwar Zitkála-Šá 
Zitkála-Šá ya mutu yana da shekara sittin da daya a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1938, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Arlington a ƙarƙashin sunan Gertrude Simmons Bonnin .  An yi jana'izarta a cikin ɗakin sujada na Ikilisiyar Yesu Almasihu na Kiristoci na Ƙarshe. Iyalinta sun fuskanci cututtuka da yawa ciki har da ɗanta da kuma baƙin ciki mai tsanani na Raymond Bonnin . 

Raymond Bonnin ya yi aiki tare da Ernest Wilkinson don gabatar da shari'o'in da'awar ga Majalisa bayan mutuwar Zitkála-Šá. Lokacin da yake rubutu game da gadonta ga wasu, ya ce, "Ta kasance koyaushe tana son in ci gaba da aiki idan ta fara aiki don haka ina ƙoƙarin yin abubuwan da na san za ta yi idan ta kasance a nan. Ba abu ne mai sauƙi a ci gaba ba tare da ita ba. Ita da ni koyaushe suna aiki a komai tare, abubuwan da take so su ne kuma ba ta taɓa kasa taimaka mini da zuciya ɗaya ba a cikin aikina.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1938, Raymond Bonnin har yanzu Sakatare-Mai Ba da Kuɗi ne kuma "babban jami'in da ya tsira" na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa; ya rubuta wa Mataimakin Janar Janar na Uku cewa majalisar har yanzu tana nan. Ya ƙuduri aniyar kiyaye aikinta da gadonta da rai. Koyaya, majalisar ba ta iya tsira ba saboda matsalolin cire haraji da talauci na membobin da rashin kudade daga waje. Babu lokacin da Majalisar ta wuce adadin $ 1300 a cikin kowace shekara, kuma an yi amfani da waɗannan kudade don bukatun asali na kungiyar; gami da kayan aiki da haya na ofis. Bayan rasuwar Raymond Bonnin, babu wani maye gurbin jagoranci a cikin Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka. Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta Kasa, Inc. ta ƙare tare da Bonnins a cikin 1942. 

 Kyauta 
An kirkiro Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1944.  Majalisar Indiyawan Amurka ta Kasa da Majalisar Indiyawan Indiyawan Amurka a cikin dalilai da gwagwarmaya dukansu suna ba da shawara ga ci gaban 'yan asalin Amurka a cikin Amurka. Bayan mutuwar Zitkála-Šá da Raymond Bonnin, babu maye gurbin shugabanci. Wannan ya sa majalisa ta rushe kuma an kafa Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka a 1944 kuma tana ba da shawara ga 'yan asalin Amurka ta hanyar shirye-shirye daban-daban.

Damuwa na yanzu na Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka sun haɗa da al'umma da al'adu; ci gaban tattalin arziki da kasuwanci; ilimi, kiwon lafiya, da ayyukan ɗan adam; ƙasa da albarkatun ƙasa; da kuma mulkin kabilanci. Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na 2019, NCAI ta amsa dokar EPA, tana ba da shawarar sake fasalin ma'anar haƙƙin ruwa a cikin Amurka. Sauran takardun shari'a suna da alaƙa da Shirin Kotun Koli na Ƙabilar.

 Manazarta 

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