Yanayin ƙasar Jersey

Jersey ita ce mafi girma daga cikin Channel Islands, tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri a cikin St. Malo bight  a yammacin Channel. Yana da jimlar yanki na  kilomita 120 (46 sq  kuma yana daga cikin tsibirin Biritaniya. Yana da nisan kilomita 22 (12   daga Yankin Cotentin a Normandy, Faransa kuma kimanin kilomita 161 (87 nmi;   daga kudancin gabar Burtaniya. Jersey tana cikin longitude -2 ° W da latitude 49 ° N.

Tana da bakin teku mai tsawon kilomita 70 kuma ba ta da alakar kasa da wasu yankuna.  Jersey ya yi iƙirarin iyakar teku mai nisan mil 3 na ruwa (kilomita 5.6; 3.5 mi) da kuma keɓantaccen yankin kamun kifi mai nisan mil 12 na ruwa (kilomita 22.2; 13.8 mi) kuma yana raba iyakokin ruwa tare da Bailiwick na Guernsey zuwa arewa da Faransa zuwa kudu da gabas.

Jersey ita ce babban tsibirin Bailiwick na Jersey, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsibirai da aka sani da Les Écréhous, Les Minquiers, Les Dirouilles da Les Pierres de Lecq .

Yankin ne mai yawan jama'a, kasancewar ita ce ƙasa ta 13 mafi yawan jama'ar ko yankin. Kimanin kashi 30% na yawan mutanen tsibirin sun fi mayar da hankali a Ikklisiya na Saint Helier, wanda ya ƙunshi babban garin tsibirin.

Jersey tana da sauƙin jiki, zafin jiki da yanayin teku. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na 2019 ya kasance 12.79 °C - shekara ta takwas mafi zafi tun 1894. Shekarar da ta fi zafi ita ce 2014, tare da matsakaicin zafin iska na yau da kullun na 13.34 ° C.  

Akwai abubuwa masu yawa masu tsanani a Jersey, duk da haka akwai raƙuman zafi na yau da kullun da lokutan guguwa. Wannan na iya haifar da rushewa a duk faɗin tsibirin. Misali, a watan Fabrairun 2020, Guguwar Ciara ta haifar da rufe hanyoyi da yawa (musamman Victoria Avenue). 
alt=|left|thumb|Wannan hoton launi na gaskiya na Jersey an ɗauke shi ne a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2018, ta hanyar tauraron dan adam na Sentinel-2 na ESA.
Baya ga babban tsibirin, bailiwick ya haɗa da wasu tsibirai da reefs ba tare da yawan jama'a ba: Les Ecréhous, Les Minquiers, Les Pierres de Lecq, Les Dirouilles .

Mafi girman wuri a cikin tsibirin shine Les Platons a bakin tekun arewa, a tsawon mita 136 (446 ft).  Sassan Ikklesiya na St Clement a kudu a baya sun kasance ƙasa da matakin teku amma gina katangar teku da cika ƙananan ƙasa mai yiwuwa ya bar ƴan aljihun ƙasa kaɗan ƙasa madaidaicin matakin teku.  Ƙasar gabaɗaya tana ƙasa da ƙasa a bakin tekun kudu, tare da wasu tudu masu duwatsu, suna tashi sannu-sannu zuwa tsaunin tudu a bakin tekun arewa.  A gabar tekun yamma akwai duniyoyin yashi.  Ƙananan kwaruruka suna gudu daga arewa zuwa kudu a fadin tsibirin.  Babban bambance-bambancen raƙuman ruwa yana fallasa manyan faɗuwar yashi da dutse zuwa kudu maso gabas a ƙananan igiyoyin ruwa..

Snow yana fadowa da wuya a Jersey; wasu shekaru za su wuce ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba.

 Albarkatun halitta 
alt=|left|thumb|Hoton taimako na ƙasa
Babban albarkatun halitta a wannan tsibirin shine ƙasar noma. Ana amfani da kashi 66% na ƙasar tsibirin kamar haka, kuma ana amfani da sauran kashi 34% don wasu dalilai.

Akwai dokoki guda biyu da ke kula da ƙasar noma a Jersey: Dokar Noma (Sarraba Sayarwa da haya) (Jersey) Dokar 1947 da Dokar Kare Ƙasar Noma (Jersey). Canje-canje na wucin gadi na amfani da ƙasa za a iya ba da su ta hanyar tsarin Kula da Kasa, wanda ke nufin ana iya amfani da ƙasa a kan 2 vergées (0.36 ha) don madadin dalili, duk da haka canje-canje na dindindin suna buƙatar izinin tsarawa.

Tsibirin Channel suna cikin wani yanki da ke da babban tudu.  An dade ana ba da shawarar ci gaban makamashin ruwa a cikin tsibiran.  Bincike ya nuna cewa wuraren farko na haɓaka makamashin ruwa za su kasance a cikin Bailiwick na Guernsey, musamman a cikin tseren Alderney, wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki har zuwa 5.10 GW.

 Muhalli 
Jersey tana fuskantar tasirin yanki saboda Canjin yanayi na mutum. Tsibirin yana cikin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto amma ba shi da ƙwanƙwasawa. A cikin 2017, Jersey tana da hayaki kusan 400 ktCO2 eq. , raguwar kusan 350 ktCO2 eq tun lokacin da ya fi girma a shekarar 1998.  A karkashin hauhawar 3 ° C a zafin jiki, Jersey na iya samun sau hudu zuwa biyar na yawan kwanakin zafi a lokacin rani da raguwar 45% a ruwan sama na rani. 
+Jersey Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2017) Jersey, States of. Rashin fitarwa (kt CO2) %Aikin noma14.84Kasuwanci80.322Samar da makamashi22.76Canjin amfani da ƙasa -6.5 -2Gidaje56.015Sufuri186.951Gudanar da Sharar gida11.43Wutar Lantarki da aka shigo da ita30.8Jimillar368.5
Canjin yanayi na iya yin tasiri ga tattalin arzikin Jersey. Canjin yanayi zai kara yawan yanayin ƙasa, canza lokutan girma zuwa lokutan hunturu, yana tasiri ga ayyukan kiwo na yanzu. Kasancewa a kan iyakar yankuna biyu na ruwa, ruwan Jersey na iya ganin canji a cikin nau'in kifi. Hawan zafin jiki na iya zama mai fa'ida ga masana'antar yawon bude ido ta tsibirin, tare da karin kwanakin zafi na shekara-shekara da karancin ruwan sama a lokacin rani wanda ke jan hankalin masu tafiya da yawa.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, Majalisar Jihohi ta ayyana tsibirin yana fuskantar gaggawa. Wannan ya sanya tsibirin ga tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2030. A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Gwamnatin Jersey ta buga dabarun Carbon Neutral  wanda ke da niyyar saduwa da burin tsaka-tsaki na tsibirin.Jersey, States of.  Shirye-shiryen dabarun Carbon Neutral sun hada da:

 Hanyar "mai iko da mutane", mai yiwuwa ta haɗa da Ikklisiya da mulkin al'umma da kuma Majalisar 'yan ƙasaTaron 'yan kasa
 Gabatar da sabon Manufar Sufuri mai dorewa, gami da GBP miliyan 1.55 a cikin keke, tafiya, tafiyar bas da sauyawa zuwa motocin lantarki

Don daidaitawa da tasirin hauhawar matakin teku a tsibirin, Gwamnati ta shirya Shirin Gudanar da Shoreline.

 Yanayin ɗan adam 
Jersey tana da yawan mutane 107,800  da kuma yawan jama'a kusan mutane 917 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Yawan jama'a ya bazu a duk majami'u goma sha biyu na Jersey, tare da yawan jama'a da suka fi mayar da hankali a majami'a bakwai na kudanci.

A waje da garin, ƙasar ta rabu sosai zuwa ƙananan rufewa, ba kamar manyan filayen da aka samu a Burtaniya ko nahiyar Turai ba. Wannan tsarin rarraba ƙasa yana da dogon tarihi a tsibirin. A cikin 1815, Quayle ya bayyana cewa "babu wata ƙasa da ta fi Jersey karfi".

 Gidaje 
Yanayin mazaunin Jersey koyaushe an warwatsa shi a duk faɗin tsibirin, kodayake yana da ƙarancin jama'a a baya. A cikin karni na 19, Jersey ba ta da wata dabi'a ga ƙauye ko ƙauye mai tsakiya, sai dai a cikin garin St. Helier. A kan taswirar Richmond ta 1795, ƙasar ta bayyana "ta rabu sosai" zuwa ƙananan rufewa har ma da kewaye da majami'u na Ikklisiya, gidaje ba su da yawa fiye da sauran wurare. : 39–40 

Ana iya bayyana Jersey a matsayin tsibirin birni. Shirin Tsibirin na 2011 ya bayyana wuraren da aka gina a tsibirin a matsayin manyan ƙungiyoyi uku. Tsibirin yana aiki yadda ya kamata a matsayin birni guda ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi babban birni, yankunan karkara da yankunan karamar hukuma.

Ginin da ya fi girma shi ne garin St Helier, wanda kuma ke karbar bakuncin kujerar gwamnati ta tsibirin. Garin ya kunshi yankin da aka gina a kudancin St Helier, gami da Hasumiyar Farko, da wasu sassan da ke kusa da St Saviour da St Clement, kamar Georgetown. Garin shine gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya, tana karbar bakuncin babban rabo na sayar da tsibirin da aiki, kamar masana'antar kudi.

Yankunan birni na farko na St Helier sun hada da yankin Five Oaks a St Saviour, da kuma ci gaba a bakin tekun, da farko a kan manyan hanyoyi zuwa gabas da yammacin garin. Yankin kudu da gabas daga St Aubin zuwa Gorey galibi birane ne, tare da ƙananan gibin kawai a ci gaban su, kamar Royal Golf Course a Grouville.

A wajen garin, yawancin mazauna tsibirin suna zaune a ƙauyuka da ƙauye kuma har ma da yankunan karkara na tsibirin suna da ci gaba mai yawa (har ma St Ouen, Ikklesiya mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a har yanzu yana da mutane 270 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Babban ci gaban exurban shine yankin Les Quennevais, wanda ke da gida ga wasu ƙananan shaguna, da wuraren shaguna da yawa a cikin waɗannan yankuna.  Yi tafiya akai-akai zuwa St Helier don aiki da dalilai na nishaɗi.

Yawancin ƙauyuka sune ƙauyukan da ke da suna na Ikklisiya, misali ƙauyen St John a St John, duk da haka wasu ba haka ba ne, kamar ƙauyen Maufant a kan iyakar St Saviour da St Martin. Wani kalma da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙananan ƙauyuka sune  (wanda ya bambanta da ma'anar kalmar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya ma'anar 'Birnin') kamar  a St. Lawrence .

Kudin gidaje a Jersey suna da yawa sosai. Jerin Farashin Gidan Jersey ya ninka aƙalla sau biyu tsakanin 2002 da 2020. Farashin gidan da aka daidaita don Jersey shine £ 567,000, mafi girma fiye da kowane yanki na Burtaniya (Matsakaicin Burtaniya: £ 249,000) gami da London (Matsaka: £ 497,000; mafi girma daga kowane yanki na UK). 

 Shirye-shiryen da kula da ci gaba 
Ana sarrafa amfani da ƙasa sosai a Jersey, musamman saboda yawan jama'a. Kungiyar Shirye-shiryen Ma'aikatar Abokin Ciniki da Ayyuka ta Gida tana kula da aikace-aikacen tsarawa, amma Kwamitin Shirye-sauye, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Jiha, ya ba da izini.

Shirin ci gaban da ke mulki a tsibirin shine Shirin Tsibirin, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2011 kuma Majalisar Jihohi ta zabe shi. Shirin ya yanke shawarar hangen nesa na gaba ɗaya don ci gaba a tsibirin da kuma bayar da jagorar tsarawa ta asali. An bayar da Shirin Tsibirin na yanzu a cikin 2011 kuma an sake shi a cikin 2014. A cikin 2021, Tsarin Tsibirin yana cikin bita, tare da shirin tsibirin da ake sa ran zai kasance daga 2022.

Shirin Tsibirin da aka sake fasalinsa na 2011  yana da ra'ayoyi guda uku masu sauƙi na kariya ta ƙauyuka, amfani da albarkatu da sake farfado da birane. Yana da niyyar biyan yawancin bukatun ci gaba a yankunan da aka gina, musamman garin St Helier.

Jersey tana da wurin shakatawa guda ɗaya da aka sani da Coastal National Park, wanda aka kafa daga yankuna daban-daban. Gidan shakatawa ya haɗa da St Ouen's Bay, Gorey Common, arewa da kudu maso yammacin gabar teku da wasu kwari kamar St Catherine's Woods. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da ɓangaren bakin teku na Bailiwick. A cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa, yawancin nau'ikan ci gaba ba a yarda da su ba.

Jersey tana da manufofin kore da aka sani da Green Zone . Wannan ya kunshi mafi yawan yankunan karkara a tsibirin ban da wurin shakatawa na kasa. Akwai zato na gaba ɗaya game da ci gaba a cikin yankin. Dangane da shirin manufofin suna da goyon bayan jama'a "mai ƙarfi".

 Yanayin siyasa 

Bailiwick na Jersey ya dogara ne da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Yana da ikon cin gashin kansa tare da majalisar dokoki, Majalisar Jihohi, da gwamnati. Yankin mallaka ne na Crown kuma ba wani ɓangare na United Kingdom ba, duk da haka Burtaniya tana da alhakin Jersey a duniya. Gwamnatin Jersey tana "tare da wasu muhimman gargadi, gamsu da dangantakarsu da Ma'aikatar Shari'a". :A cikin 13:para 13

Jersey na daga cikin Majalisar Burtaniya-Irish, wacce aka kafa ta gwamnatocin kasa na kowace ƙasa da kuma dogaro da tsibirin Burtaniya. Jersey ba memba ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ko Tarayyar Turai.

 Yanayin tattalin arziki 
Jersey tana da tattalin arziki mai matukar ci gaba wanda ke haifar da ayyukan kudi da shari'a na kasa da kasa, wanda ya kai kashi 40.4% na jimlar GVA a cikin 2023. Babban kudin shiga na kasa ga kowane mutum yana daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Wasu sun soki tsibirin a matsayin mafaka ta haraji yayin da yake jan hankalin ajiya daga abokan ciniki a waje da tsibirin da ke neman ƙananan haraji. Koyaya, bangaren kudi na Jersey ya kalubalanci wannan da'awar. Sauran mahimman bangarori ga tattalin arzikin Jersey sun haɗa da gine-gine, siyarwa da siyarwa, noma da yawon bude ido.
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba