Yanayin Tonga

Tana cikin Oceania, Tonga ƙaramin tsibiri ne a Kudancin Tekun Pasifik, kai tsaye kudu da Samoa kuma kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na hanya daga Hawaii zuwa New Zealand.  Tana da tsibirai 169, 36 daga cikinsu suna da zama, waɗanda ke cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi uku - Vavaʻu, Haʻapai, da Tongatapu - kuma sun yi nisan kilomita 800 (500 mi) - dogon arewa zuwa kudu.  Jimlar girman kilomita murabba'in 747 (288 sq mi).  Saboda bazuwar tsibiran tana da yanki na Musamman na Tattalin Arziki na 40 na

Tsibirin mafi girma, Tongatapu, wanda Tsibiri mafi girma, Tongatapu, wanda babban birnin Nukuʻalofa yake, ya kai murabba'in kilomita 257 (sq mi).  A fannin ilmin ƙasa, tsibiran Tongan iri biyu ne: galibinsu suna da tushe na dutsen farar ƙasa da aka samu daga ingantattun murjani;  wasu sun ƙunshi dutsen farar ƙasa mai rufin tushe mai aman wuta.

 Yanayi 
Yanayin yanayi ne na wurare masu zafi tare da lokacin zafi (Disamba-Afrilu), lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da  ° C (89.6 ° F), da kuma lokacin sanyi (Mayu-Nuwamba), tare da yanayin zafi da wuya ya tashi sama le  ° C (80.6 ° F). Yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa daga 23 zuwa 27 ° C (73.4 zuwa 80.6 ° F), kuma ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana daga millimita 1,700 zuwa 2,970 (66.9 zuwa 116.9 inci) yayin da mutum ke motsawa daga Tongatapu a kudu zuwa tsibirai mafi arewa kusa da Equator. Matsakaicin lokacin da ya fi ruwan sama shine a kusa da Maris tare da matsakaicin   in).  Matsakaicin zafi na yau da kullun shine 80%. Guguwa na iya faruwa daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu.

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Kodayake an raba shi zuwa manyan tsibirai uku na Tongatapu, Ha'apai, da Vava'u (ba tare da tsibirai ba), tsibirin Tonga a zahiri an yi shi ne da sarkar tsibirai biyu daban-daban.

Tsibirin yamma, irin su 'Ata (wanda aka fi sani da tsibirin Pylstaart), Fonuafo'ou, Tofua, Kao, Lata'iki, Late, Fonualei, Toku, Niuatoputapu, da Tafahi, sun zama Tongan Volcanic Arc kuma duk sun samo asali ne daga Dutsen wuta. An halicce su ne daga raguwar farantin Pacific mai motsi zuwa yamma a ƙarƙashin farantin Australia-India a Tonga Trench . Tsibirin Tongan suna zaune a kan farantin Australia-India a yammacin Tonga Trench . Wadannan tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta an kafa su ne lokacin da kayan da ke cikin zafi mai saukowa na Pacific suka tashi zuwa farfajiya. Akwai iyakantaccen ci gaban coral reef kawai a kan waɗannan tsibirai, ban da Niuatoputapu . 

Tsibirin gabashin ba dutsen 'Ruwa' ba ne kuma suna zaune sama da mafi yawan tudun Tonga da ke gudana daidai da Tongan Volcanic Arc da Tongan Trench. Daga cikin wadannan tsibirai, kawai 'Eua ta tashi sama da isa don fallasa asalin dutsen dutsen Eocene, sauran ko dai ƙananan tsibirai ne na murjani (Tongatapu, Vava'u, Lifuka) ko tsibirai na yashi ('Uoleva, 'Uiha).  Wadannan tsibirai suna kewaye da "labyrinth mai kariya da wadataccen albarkatu na gefen, apron da shingen shinge na bakin teku" waɗanda suka goyi bayan mafi yawan mazaunin ɗan adam a Tonga tun lokacin da mutanen Lapita na farko suka isa kusan 900 KZ.

Tongan Volcanic Arc yana da mahimmanci wajen samar da tsibirai a kan tudun Tonga tare da ƙasa ta andesite tephra wanda ya haifar da "ƙasa mai wadata sosai wanda zai iya tallafawa tsarin aikin gona mai yawan amfanin gona, gajeren lokaci". Hakanan, an fara amfani da andesite / basalt daga tsaunuka a matsayin "hammerstones, saƙa nauyi, duwatsu na dafa abinci, da duwatsu masu ado don ado na kabari"  Tsibirin Tafahi a arewa ya ba da gilashin dutse na farko ga mazauna na dutse.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 da Janairun shekara ta 2015, an kirkiro tsibirin dutsen wuta mai faɗin kilomita 1 da tsawon kilomita 2 kusa da tsibirin Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai mai nisan kilomita 65 a arewa maso yammacin Nuku'alofa. Fashewar dutsen ya gina sabon tsibirin zuwa tsawo na 100 m wanda ya ƙunshi toka da manyan raguwar dutse. Game da dutsen wuta, Tonga tana da matsakaiciyar aikin dutsen wuta. Fonualei (hawan 180 m) ya nuna aiki akai-akai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da Niuafo'ou (hawan 260 m), wanda ya fashe a shekarar 1985, ya tilasta fitarwa; wasu tsaunuka masu fashewa a tarihi sun hada da Late da Tofua. Hadarin halitta sun hada da girgizar ƙasa da aikin dutsen wuta a Fonuafo'ou (Falcon Shoal / Island) da Late'iki (Metis Shoal / Island).  

 Gaskiya 
Yanayin ƙasa: 20°S 175°W / 20°S 175-W / -20; -175

Area:
total: 
land: 
water: 

Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
 depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone:
 and 
territorial sea:

Matsakaicin tsawo: mafi ƙasƙanci: Tekun Pacific    mafi girma: wuri mara suna a kan Kao    

Amfani da ƙasa: ƙasa mai noma: 21.33% amfanin gona na dindindin: 14.67% wasu: 64.00% (2011) 

Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa: jam'iyya zuwa: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Canjin Kyoto-Protocol, Desertification, Dokar Tekun, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, da Ship Pollution. 

Albarkatun cikin ruwan sune kifi ne da ƙasa mai albarka.  Abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu suna lalata dazuzzuka yayin da ake ƙara share filaye don noma da zama;  wasu lalacewar murjani reefs daga kifin tauraro da murjani da masu tara harsashi marasa gaibu;  da wuce gona da iri na barazana ga yawan kunkuru na teku.
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba