Mellah na Fez

Mellah na Fez (Arabic) shi ne tarihin Yahudawa (Mellah) na yankin Fez, a kasar Morocco . Tana cikin Fes El-Jdid, ɓangaren Fez wanda ya ƙunshi Fadar sarauta (Dar al-Makhzen) , kuma an yi imanin cewa ya kasance daga tsakiyar karni na 15th. Duk da yake gundumar ba ta tara yawan adadin Yahudawa, har yanzu tana dauke da wasu abubuwan tunawa da alamomi daga tarihin tarihin al'ummar Yahudawa a cikin birni.

 Tarihi 

 Tarihi: al'ummar Yahudawa kafin Mellah (karni na 9th zuwa 14th) 
Fez ya daɗe yana karbar bakuncin mafi girma kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin Al'ummomin Yahudawa a Maroko, wanda ke nan tun lokacin da Idrisids suka kafa birnin (a ƙarshen karni na 8th ko farkon karni na 9th).  Sun zauna a sassa da yawa na birnin tare da yawan musulmai, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa an sayi gidajen Yahudawa kuma an rushe su don fadada Almoravid na Masallacin al-Qarawiyyin (wanda ke tsakiyar birnin) don yawan yaduwar Musulumci a yanki su kuma Yahudawan yan kadan ne, dukda bincike ya tabbatar da cewa yahudawan ba yan asalin yankun bane zuwa sukayi domin neman mafaka da kuma ikirarin gidan Maimonides a cikin abin da daga baya ya zama Dar al-Magana (a yammacin birnin). Duk da haka, tun lokacin Idris II (farkon karni na 9) al'ummar Yahudawa sun fi mayar da hankali a unguwar da aka sani da Foundouk el-Yihoudi ("hotel / warehouse of the Jew") kusa da Bab Guissa a arewa maso gabashin birnin. Kabarin Yahudawa na asali na garin kuma yana kusa da nan, a waje da ƙofar Bab Guissa.

Kamar yadda a wasu wurare a Duniyar Musulmi, Yawan Yahudawa sun zauna a ƙarƙashin kariyar Musulmai amma matsayi na dhimmi, wanda ake buƙata don biyan harajin jizya wanda Musulumci ta gindaya musu su rika biyalokuta bayan lokuta kuma yana haɓaka dangantaka a wasu ƙasashe. Fez, tare da Spain" id="mwWw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba, na ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin farfadowar ilimi da al'adu na Yahudawa da ke faruwa a ƙarni na 10 da 11 a Maroko da al-Andalus (Spain da Portugal a ƙarƙashin mulkin musulmi).  Yawancin manyan mutane kamar Dunash Ben Labrat (marubuci, kusan shekaran dari tara da ashirin 920-990), Judah ben David Hayyuj (ko Abu Zakariyya Yahya; masanin ilimin lissafi, kusan 945-1012), da kuma babban Talmudist Isaac al-Fasi (1013-1103) duk an haife su ne ko kuma sun shafe lokaci a Fez. Maimonides kuma ya zauna a Fez daga shekarar alif dari da sha biyar 1159 zuwa 1165 bayan ya gudu al-Andalus.   Wannan zamanin wadata ya zo ƙarshe, duk da haka, tare da zuwan mulkin Almohad a Maroko da Al-Andalus. Almohads, wadanda a hukumance suka bi Ka'idar sake fasalin Ibn Tumart, sun soke jizya da matsayin dhimmi, suna tilasta matakan zalunci ga wadanda ba Musulmai ba da sauran sake fasalin. Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin mulkin su an tilasta su tuba ko kuma a kore su, tare da wasu masu tuba amma suna ci gaba da yin bangaskiyarsu ta Yahudawa a asirce.

Raguwar Almohadawa da hauhawar mulkin Daular Marinid a kan Maroko a karni na 13th ya kawo yanayi mai haƙuri wanda al'ummar Yahudawa suka sami damar murmurewa da sake girma.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Bayan kisan kiyashi na shekarar alif dari uku da casa'in da daya 1391 a ƙarƙashin mulkin Mutanen Espanya, a wurare kamar Seville da Catalonia, yawancin Yahudawa na Mutanen Espanya (wanda ake kira Megorashim ko rūmiyīn) sun gudu zuwa Arewacin Afirka kuma sun zauna a birane kamar Fez.

 Halitta na Mellah (karni na 15) 
A cikin shekara ta alif dari biyu da saba'in da shida 1276 Marinids sun kafa Fes el-Jdid, sabon birni mai garu don zama Gidan sarauta da Bariki sojoji, wanda ke yammacin Fes el'Bali ("Tsohon Fez"). Daga baya a zamanin Marinid duk mazaunan Yahudawa na Fes el-Bali sun koma sabon gundumar a kudancin Fes el'Jdid. Wannan gundumar, mai yiwuwa an kirkireshi ne bayan kafuwar shekara ta alif dari biyu da saba'in da shida 1276, : 66 yana tsakanin ganuwar kudancin ciki da waje na birnin kuma da  sojojin musulmai ne suka zauna, musamman ma sojojin Sultan na masu harbi na Siriya.   Wadannan gwamnatoci an rushe su a kusa da shekara ta alif dari uku da ashirin da biyar 1325 a karkashin Sultan Abu Sa'id .  Gundumar da farko an san ta da suna Hims, amma kuma da sunan Mellah (Arabic)  saboda ko dai tushen ruwan  a yankin ko kuma tsohon wurin ajiyar gishiri. Wannan sunan na biyu daga baya aka riƙe shi a matsayin sunan kwata na Yahudawa. Wannan shi ne "mellah" na farko a Maroko; sunan da abin mamaki wanda aka sake maimaita shi a wasu birane da yawa kamar Marrakech.  (Wani sanannen banbanci shine garin Sefrou da ke kusa. ) 

Dukkanin ainihin dalilan da ainihin ranar da aka kirkirar Mellah na Yahudawa na Fez ba a tabbatar da su ba. Labaran tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa a tsakiyar karni na 14th Yahudawa na Fez har yanzu suna zaune a Fes el-Bali amma a ƙarshen karni na 16th sun kafu sosai a cikin Mellah na Fes el'Jdid . Masanin Maroko Hicham Rguig, alal misali, ya bayyana cewa ba a ba da kwanan wata kuma ya yi jayayya cewa mai yiwuwa ya faru a matakai a duk lokacin Marinid (ƙarshen ƙarni na 13th zuwa 15th), musamman bayan abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali ko zalunci ga Yahudawa a cikin tsohon birni. Ɗaya daga cikin farkon irin wannan tashin hankali shine tawaye a cikin shekara ta alif dari biyu da ashirin da shida 1276 a kan sabon daular Marinid, kafin Sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ya yanke shawarar kafa Fes el-Jdid . Tashin hankali ya girgiza dukan birnin amma kuma ya haifar da tashin hankali da yawa a kan mazaunan Yahudawa, wanda zai iya sa Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ya shiga tsakani ta wata hanya don kare al'umma. Susan Gilson Miller, masanin tarihin Maroko da na Yahudawa, ta kuma lura cewa tsarin birni na Mellah ya bayyana ya ci gaba a hankali kuma saboda haka yana yiwuwa cewa ƙananan Yahudawa sun zauna a nan bayan kafuwar Fes el-Jdid kuma wasu Yahudawa da suka tsere daga tsohuwar birni sun shiga su daga baya.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Marubutan da yawa, suna ambaton tarihin tarihin Yahudawa, sun danganta babban canja wurin musamman ga "sake ganowa" jikin Idris II a cikin tsohuwar masallacinsa a tsakiyar birnin a cikin shekara ta alif dari hudu da talatin da bakwai 1437.  Zafrani, H. "Mallāḥ". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. Yankin da ke kewaye da masallacin, wanda ke tsakiyar manyan gundumomin kasuwanci na birnin, an juya shi cikin horm (masallaci) inda ba a yarda da wadanda ba Musulmai ba su shiga, wanda ya haifar da korar mazauna Yahudawa da 'yan kasuwa a can. Akalla marubuta da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa an ci gaba da tilasta korar ga duk Fes el-Bali saboda an ba shi matsayin birni "mai tsarki" sakamakon binciken. Sauran malamai kuma sun nuna cewa matakin ya faru ne a tsakiyar karni na 15, ba tare da jayayya da takamaiman kwanan wata ba. A kowane hali, canja wurin (ko ci gaba ko kwatsam) ya faru ne tare da wasu tashin hankali da wahala. Yawancin gidajen Yahudawa sun zaɓi su tuba (akalla a hukumance) maimakon barin gidajensu da kasuwancin su a cikin zuciyar tsohuwar birni, wanda ya haifar da ƙungiyar da ke girma da ake kira al-Bildiyyin (iyalan Musulmai na asalin Yahudawa, galibi suna riƙe da sunayen Yahudawa). 

Ƙarin zaburawar siyasa don saburar da al'ummar Yahudawa zuwa Fes el-Jdid, kusa da fadar sarauta, na iya haɗawa da sha'awar sarakuna don amfani da kai tsaye (ko sarrafawa) na ƙwarewarsu ta sana'a da alakar kasuwanci da al'ummomin Yahudawa a Turai da sauran ƙasashe (wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don dalilai na diflomasiyya). An kafa makabartar Yahudawa ta Mellah a gefen kudu maso yammacinsa (a kusa da abin da ke yanzu Place des Alaouites kusa da ƙofofin fadar sarauta) a ƙasar da yarima Marinid mai suna Lalla Mina ta ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Yahudawa a ƙarni na sha biyar 15th. Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318.

Karni na sha biyar 15th kuma lokaci ne na rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, tare da Wattasid viziers da suka karɓi iko mai tasiri daga daular Marinid kuma suna gasa da wasu ƙungiyoyin gida a Fez.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. A shekara ta alif dari shida da sittinn da biyar 1465, Musulmai na Fes el-Bali sun kai wa Mellah hari a lokacin tawaye da shurafa (masu daraja Sharifian iyalai) suka jagoranta a kan Marinid sultan Abd al-Haqq II da kuma Yahudawa vizier Harun ibn Battash .  Harin ya haifar da kashe dubban mazauna Yahudawa, tare da wasu da yawa sun yi watsi da bangaskiyarsu a bayyane. Al'umma ta dauki akalla shekaru goma don murmurewa daga wannan, ta sake girma a ƙarƙashin mulkin Wattasid sultan Muhammad Al-Shaykh daga shekara ta alif dari hudu da saba'in da  biyu (1472-1505). 

 Tarihin Mellah na baya (ƙarshen ƙarni na 15th zuwa 19th) 
A cikin ƙarni masu zuwa, wadatar Mellah da al'ummar Yahudawa na yankin Fez sun bambanta bisa ga yanayi, gami da yanayin da ya shafi duk mazaunan yankin Fez kamar yunwa ko rashin zaman lafiya.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Yanayin Mellah a cikin Fes el-Jdid da aka fi ganuwa da kuma kusa da fadar sarauta ya sa ya kasance mai aminci, amma duk da haka al'ummar Yahudawa sun sha wahala a lokuta daban-daban. 
Manyan canje-canje ga al'umma sun faru ne lokacin da a cikin shekara ta alif dari hudu da casa'in da biyu 1492 kambin Mutanen Espanya An kori dukkan Yahudawa daga Spain, tare da Portugal hakan ta faru ne a cikin dhekara ta alif dari hudu da casa'in da bakwai 1497. Ruwa mai zuwa na Yahudawa na Mutanen Espanya da ke ƙaura zuwa Fez da Arewacin Afirka sun kara yawan Yahudawa kuma sun canza tsarin zamantakewa, kabilanci, da harshe. A cewar masanin Flemish Nicolas Cleynaerts wanda ya zauna a cikin mellah daga shekara ta alif dari biyar da arba'in 1540 zuwa 1541, yankin Yahudawa yana da kimanin adadin mutane dubu hudu 4000 a wannan lokacin.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Har ila yau, kwararar baƙi ta sake farfado da ayyukan al'adun Yahudawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da suke raba al'umma tare da kabilanci na tsararraki da yawa. Megorashim na asalin Mutanen Espanya sun riƙe al'adunsu da yarensu na Mutanen Espanya yayin da 'yan asalin Morocco Toshavim, waɗanda ke magana da Larabci kuma suna da al'adun Larabawa da Berber, sun bi al'adun su. Membobin al'ummomin biyu sun bauta a majami'u daban-daban har ma an binne su daban. Sai kawai a cikin karni na sha takwas 18th ne al'ummomin biyu suka haɗu tare, tare da Larabci ya zama babban yaren dukan al'umma yayin da Mutanen Espanya (Sephardic) Minhag ya zama mai rinjaye a cikin aikin addini.

Al'umma ta ci gaba da bunƙasa ko shan wahala dangane da yanayin. A cikin karni na 17th wani gagarumin kwararar Yahudawa daga yankin Tadla da kuma daga kwarin Sous sun isa ƙarƙashin mulkin sarakunan Alaouite Moulay Rashid da Moulay Isma'il, bi da bi. A shekara ta alif dari shida da arba'in da daya 1641, Muhammad al-Haj na tsarin Dilā' Sufi ya mamaye Fes. Wannan ya zama lokaci mai wahala ga Yahudawa na Fessi. Wani tarihin Yahudawa na lokacin ya ba da labarin cewa a cikin shekara ta alif dari shida da arbain da shida 1646 ya ba da umarnin rufe majami'u, kuma daga baya an lalata su, sun lalace, ko kuma sun hallaka su. : 88-89 Babban wahala ya faru a cikin 1790 zuwa 1792 a lokacin rikici da raguwa a ƙarƙashin Sultan Moulay Yazid .  A cikin waɗannan shekaru biyu sultan ya tilasta dukan al'ummar Yahudawa su matsa kusa da Kasbah Cherarda a wancan gefen Fes el-Jdid . Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Sojojin kabilanci da ke da alaƙa da shi sun mamaye Mellah, an maye gurbin majami'arta da masallaci, kuma an tura makabartar Yahudawa da abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa makabartar kusa da Bab Guissa. Bugu da ƙari, Moulay Yazid ya rage girman gundumar har abada ta hanyar rushe tsoffin ganuwar birni da ke kewaye da shi da sake gina su tare da karamin yanki.  Sai kawai bayan mutuwar sultan ne babban musulmi qadi (alƙali) na Fez ya ba da umarnin a mayar da Mellah ga al'ummar Yahudawa, tare da rushe masallacin da sojojin Yazid suka gina.

Sakamakon al'ummar Yahudawa ya inganta sosai a karni na sha tara 19th lokacin da fadada hulɗa da kasuwanci tare da Turai ya ba da damar ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Yahudawa su sanya kansu a tsakiyar hanyoyin cinikayya na duniya a Maroko.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Wannan kuma ya haifar da budewa ta zamantakewa da canji a cikin dandano da halayen, musamman tsakanin Yahudawa masu arziki, waɗanda suka gina gidaje masu alatu a saman Mellah.
A ƙarshen karni na sha tara 19th gundumar tana da majami'u 15.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. A shekara ta alif dari takwas da casa'in da hudu 1894, Sultan ya ba da umarnin tsohuwar Kabari ta Yahudawa, wanda ke gindin bangon waje na fadar sarauta, don a motsa shi don karɓar fadada fadar. A sakamakon haka, an tura makabarta da abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa sabon wuri a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Mellah, inda har yanzu ana samun sa a yau. Koyaya, wasu marubutan sun danganta wannan motsi na makabartar ga ayyukan gwamnatin Faransa a yankin a cikin shekarar alif dari tara da sha biyu 1912, suna lura da cewa kaburbura har yanzu suna cikin tsohuwar makabartar har zuwa shekara ta alif dari tara da sha biyu 1912.Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318. Kabari na yanzu a kudu maso gabas mai yiwuwa ya wanzu daga farkon karni na sha 19th amma har yanzu babu komai a sassan gabashinsa kafin karni na 20. 

 Karni na 20th da na yanzu 
A cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da sha biyu 1912 an kafa Mulkin mallaka na Faransa a kan Maroko bayan Yarjejeniyar Fes . Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon nan da nan shine tashin hankali na shekarar alif dari tara da sha biyu 1912 a Fez, wani shahararren tashin hankali wanda ya haɗa da hare-haren kisa da aka yi wa Turawa da kuma mazaunan Yahudawa na Mellah (wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin kusa da sabuwar gwamnati), wanda ya biyo bayan mummunar zalunci ga yawan jama'a. Fez da fadar sarauta sun daina zama cibiyar iko a Maroko yayin da aka koma babban birnin zuwa Rabat. Yawancin canje-canje na zamantakewa da na jiki sun faru a wannan lokacin da kuma a fadin karni na ashirin 20th. Farawa a karkashin Lyautey, kirkirar Faransa Ville Nouvelle ("Sabon Birni") zuwa yamma kuma yana da tasiri sosai ga dukan ci gaban birnin. 
A yankin da ke kusa da ƙofar Bab al-Amer, a gefen kudu maso yammacin Mellah, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke hukuncin tsohuwar ƙofar ta yi ƙunci sosai kuma ba ta dace da zirga-zirga ba kuma ta rushe hanyar ruwa da ke kusa le wasu bangon da ke kewaye da ita don inganta damar shiga.Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318. A cikin tsari sun kirkiro babban fili a shafin yanar gizon makabartar Yahudawa na baya wanda aka fi sani da Place du Commerce, yanzu kuma yana kusa da Place des Alaouites. A cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da ashirin da hudu 1924, Faransanci sun ci gaba kuma sun rushe jerin shagunan da ɗakunan ajiya a gefen Arewacin Mellah na Yahudawa don gina hanya mai faɗi don motoci (Rue Boukhessissat ko Bou Khsisat; daga baya kuma Rue des Mérinides) tsakanin Mellah da bangon kudancin fadar sarauta.  An maye gurbin tsoffin shagunan da wasu kyawawan shagunan da aka gina a cikin tsarin gine-gine na gidajen Yahudawa na Mellah, tare da balconies da yawa da kayan ado na waje.

Duk da yake yawan mutanen Fez da Fes el-Jdid sun karu a wannan lokacin, a rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin 20 Mellah ya zama mai raguwa daga mazaunanta Yahudawa waɗanda ko dai suka koma Ville Nouvelle, zuwa Casablanca, ko kuma suka yi hijira zuwa ƙasashe kamar Faransa, Kanada, da Isra'ila. A ƙarshen shekarun alif dari tara da arba'in 1940, kimantawa na yawan Yahudawa sun haɗa da 15,150 a cikin Mellah da 22,000 a duk Fez.  Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318. Manyan raƙuman ƙaura bayan wannan sun rage yawan Yahudawa. Gundumar ta ci gaba da karɓar ta hanyar wasu mazauna musulmai, waɗanda suka zama yawan jama'arta a yau. A shekara ta shekarar alif dari tara da casa'in da bakwai 1997 an ruwaito cewa akwai Yahudawa kimanin adadi 150 kawai a duk Fez kuma babu majami'u masu aiki da suka rage a cikin Mellah.

 Tsarin da kuma shirya Mellah 
Tsarin Mellah ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ƙarni kuma an canza shi sau da yawa, musamman bayan lokutan lalacewa ta hanyar wuta ko zalunci na siyasa (kamar Moulay Yazid ya rage girman Mellah a cikin shekara ta alif dari bakwai da casa'in 1790-92). Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Saboda sake ginawa akai-akai, ƙananan gine-ginen sun tsufa sosai idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan tunawa na Fes el-Bali, kodayake wasu majami'u, alal misali, an yi imanin cewa an kafa su a wuraren su na ƙarni (ko da an sake gina su kwanan nan). 

 Babban titin Mellah (Derb al-Souq) 
alt=|thumb|Bab el-Mellah a yau
An shigar da Mellah a tarihi daga arewa maso gabas. Yana zaune a wani gundumar a kudancin Fes el-Jdid, a waje da babban bangon Marinid na ciki wanda shine babban ƙofar sa a nan Bab Semmarine ne.Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318. Kai tsaye a kudancin Bab Semmarine shine unguwar Sidi Bou Nafa, wanda ke gefen gabas na Mellah. Sidi Bou Nafa' wani yanki ne na al'adun Musulmi wanda har yanzu ana iya yin zane har a yau. Yana kusa da wani "bastion" na Saadian-era na wannan sunan zuwa gabas. Kai tsaye a fadin daga Bab Semmarine titin ya sauka kudu da yamma ta wannan unguwar har sai ya kai Bab el-Mellah, ƙofar da aka saita a cikin borj (hasumiya ko bastion) wanda ya nuna ƙofar hukuma zuwa yankin Mellah daidai.

Bab El-Mellah da farko yana da ƙofar da ta karkata amma yanzu yana da sashi madaidaiciya. Duk da wannan gyare-gyare, yankin da ke kusa da shi an yi imanin shi ne mafi dadewa na yankin Mellah.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Kudancin ƙofar, a cikin iyakar Mellah, shine Majami'ar Slat al-Fassiyin, wanda aka yi imanin shine majamiar da ta fi tsufa a gundumar. Yammacin Bab el-Mellah, babban titin daga Bab Semmarine ya ci gaba a cikin layi madaidaiciya zuwa kudu maso yamma. Wannan titin ya zama babban titin da Souq (kasuwa) na Mellah, kuma saboda haka ana kiransa Derb al-Souq ("Hanyar Kasuwa"). Wataƙila titin ya kasance mafi faɗi da farko kuma yana da babban filin kasuwa, amma a tsawon lokaci an ci gaba da mamaye shi ta hanyar gina shaguna da gidaje. Yankin yammacin titin yana da ƙanƙanta sosai kuma ya taɓa zama cul-de-sac, amma an buɗe shi bayan shekara ta alif dari tara da sha biyu 1912 lokacin da Faransanci suka kirkiro filin da ake kira Place du Commerce a bayan Bab al-Amer, don haka ya ba masu tafiya a yau damar shiga Mellah daga gefen yamma.Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318. Babban titin kasuwa kuma yana nuna rarrabuwa tsakanin "Upper" da "Lower" Mellah . 

 Babbar Mellah 
Mellah na sama ya kasance a kusa da Derb al-Fouqi, titin da ya rabu da Derb a-Souq daga cikin Bab el-Mellah. Derb al-Fouqi, wanda kuma ake kira "High Street", Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. ya gudana a arewa kuma kusan daidai da babban titin zuwa kudu. Ya ƙare a ƙarshen ƙarshen yamma, amma har yanzu an haɗa shi da babbar titi ta hanyar wasu hanyoyi da yawa da ke tsakanin su. Wannan unguwar ta ƙunshi mazaunan bourgeoisie na al'ummar Yahudawa da manyan ɗalibai, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da kasancewar su da shahara a matsayin masu arziki da yawa, sanannen misali shine gidan Ben Simhon. Yawancin waɗannan gidaje sun kasance na asalin Mutanen Espanya ko Iberian. Wadannan gidaje masu tsada sun fi mayar da hankali a gefen arewacin Mellah, da ke kan iyakar tsohuwar lambunan Bou Khsisat da bangon waje na Mellah, saboda wannan wurin ya ba su damar samun karin haske ga iska mai kyau da sararin samaniya. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar samun damar samun balconies da windows suna fuskantar arewa suma sun kasance dan kadan a lokacin rani.

Kamar yadda wannan unguwar take mai zaman kanta, tana da 'yan abubuwan more rayuwa na jama'a. Ɗaya daga cikin banbanci shine tanda na unguwa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin burodi, wanda Musulmai ke sarrafawa (don ya ci gaba da yin burodi a ranar Asabar). Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Derb al-Fouqi kuma gida ne ga bita da yawa da ke samar da kayayyaki waɗanda al'ummar Yahudawa suka ƙware a ciki, kamar su sqalli (gold thread amfani da shi don yin ado da masana'antu da sauran abubuwa). Bayan kirkirar Rue Boukhessissat (ko Bou Khsisat) tsakanin tsohon iyakar arewacin Mellah da bangon kudancin fadar sarauta ta Faransanci a shekara ta alif dari da tara da ashirin da hudu 1924, wannan sabuwar hanyar ta kasance tare da sabon jere na gidajen Yahudawa da shagunan da ke bayyane a yau.Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318.

 Ƙananan Mellah 
"Lower" Mellah ya fi talauci kuma ya fi Upper Mellah. Tsarin birni a kudancin babban titin (Derb al-Souq) tabbas shine mafi tsufa.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. A nan tituna suna da rikice-rikice musamman saboda ci gaba da mamayewa ta hanyar fadada gidaje a tsawon lokaci. An kuma sami bita da yawa a nan, musamman kusa da titin kasuwa. Hanyoyi masu yawa sun haifar da ƙuƙwalwa waɗanda ƙofofi suka rufe a ƙofarsu, suna haifar da ƙananan unguwanni masu zaman kansu. Wasu daga cikin titunan jama'a sun isa kawai don ba da damar yin al'ada da abubuwan da suka faru kamar su parading na saurayi a kan bar mitzvah. Har ila yau, a cikin wannan unguwar ne ake samun majami'u mafi dadewa na Mellah, kamar Majami'ar Ibn Danan da Majami'un Slat al-Fassiyin. A gefen arewacin makabartar, a kudancin gundumar, an taɓa samun wurin yanka na al'umma. Sauran abubuwan more rayuwa da ayyuka na jama'a a yankin sun hada da mikveh, tanda, da makarantu.

 Kaburburan Yahudawa 
Kudancin yammacin Mellah yana cike da babban Kabari na Yahudawa, wanda ya wanzu tun farkon karni na 19 amma an cika shi ne kawai zuwa halin yanzu a karni na ashrin 20.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Wannan shi ne babban makabartar Mellah tun lokacin da tsohuwar makabartar, da ke arewa maso yamma a gindin ganuwar fadar sarauta, an tilasta ta motsa a shekara ta alif dari takwas da casa'in da hudu1894 ta hanyar umarnin sultan,  ko kuma mai yiwuwa ta hanyar umarni na Faransanci bayan shekara ta alif dari tara da sha biyu 1912. Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda: 245–318. Hebra Qadisha ce ke kula da makabarta, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin masu kashe gobara na al'umma. A yau, ana amfani da ƙaramin tsohuwar majami'a a ƙarshen arewa maso gabashin makabartar a matsayin ƙaramin gidan kayan gargajiya.

 Gundumar En-Nowawel 
A gabashin makabartar da kudancin unguwar Sidi Bou Nafa' wani unguwa ne na baya-bayan nan da ake kira En-Nowawel ko An-Nawawil, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kasance daga ƙarshen karni na sha tara 19.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Sunansa yana nufin gidajen da aka yi amfani da su wanda da farko ya kasance a nan a matsayin mafaka ga mazaunanta. Wadannan na ƙarshe tabbas sun kasance 'yan gudun hijira na baya-bayan nan zuwa Mellah daga garuruwan karkara. Bayan lokaci, an gina gidaje na yau da kullun a wurin su. Tsakanin makabarta da En-Nowawel akwai wani sarari da aka yi amfani da shi don wasanni.   Garin kuma yana da nasa tanda da hammam (gidan wanka). 

 Gine-gine na Mellah 

 Gidaje 
Gidajen Mellah a yau sanannu ne saboda bambancin da suka yi da gidajen gargajiya a sauran birnin. Ganin cewa tsoffin gidaje a Fes El-Bali da unguwanni na al'adun Musulmi na Fes el'Jdid suna da ƙananan siffofi na waje kuma gabaɗaya an rufe su daga waje, gidajen Yahudawa a cikin Mellah galibi suna da balconies masu buɗewa da ke fuskantar titin da kuma yawan windows. Wasu daga cikin wadannan balconies har ma suna da kayan ado kuma suna da siffofi, kamar waɗanda ke kan titin Boukhessissat na wannan zamani. Koyaya, wannan halayyar kwanan nan ce a cikin tarihin gine-gine na gundumar kuma tsofaffin gidaje suna bin tsari iri ɗaya da takwarorinsu Musulmi, tare da jaddada sirri da rashin siffofin waje.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. : Kamar dukkanin gidajen tarihi na gargajiya na Maroko, gidajen Mellah sun kasance a kusa da farfajiyar ciki da ke kewaye da wani gallery wanda ya mamaye bene da yawa na ginin. A game da mafi yawan gidaje masu arziki ko masu arziki, za a iya yin ado da ciki na gidan da itace da katako.

 Majami'u 
Yawancin majami'u a cikin Mellah kawai ɗakunan da suka riga sun kasance a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu waɗanda mamallakan su suka canza su zuwa wuraren ibada kuma suka ci gaba da bada gudummawar membobin. A sakamakon haka, kusan kowa ya zauna a cikin 'yan matakai na majami'a, amma majami'u kalilan ne suka sami tallafi ta hanyar tallafin jama'a.Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Wasu daga cikinsu, duk da haka, sun fi girma kuma an yi musu ado da tiles na Zellij mosaic, zane-zane, da kuma fentin rufin katako, yawanci suna amfani da yawancin kayan ado kamar gine-ginen Islama a wasu wurare a cikin birni.

Daga cikin sanannun majami'u na Mellah sune Majami'ar Ibn Danan, wanda aka yi imanin ya kasance daga ƙarshen karni na sha bakwai 17th, da Majami'un Slat al-Fassiyin, wanda aka fi sani da majami'ar Mellah mafi tsufa kuma mai yiwuwa ya kasance daga zamanin Marinid (karni na sha uku 13-15). Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758. Dukansu biyu ana iya sake gina su sau da yawa, kuma ya kamata a fassara shekarunsu a matsayin ranar da aka kafa su a wannan wuri. A cikin 'yan ƙarni Yahudawa na Sephardic (Spanish), waɗanda aka sani da Megorashim, da Yahudawa na Maroko (Arab ko Berber), waɗanda aka fi sani da Toshavim, suna bauta a majami'u daban-daban, har sai al'adar Sephardique (Minhag) ta ƙare a yawancin fannoni na aikin addini. Majami'ar Slat al-Fassiyin tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kalilan inda al'adun da ba na Sephardic ba suka ci gaba har zuwa karni na ashirin 20th.

Sunayen majami'u da suka wanzu tsawon lokaci a cikin Mellah na Fez a zamanin yau an ba su a ƙasa, an haɗa su kusan ta hanyar unguwa: Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758.

Mellah babbab:

 Majami'ar Mansano
 Majami'ar Ibn Attar
 Majami'ar Rabbi Yehuda ben Attar
 Majami'ar Rabbi Haim Cohen
 Majami'ar Haham Abensur
 Majami'ar Saba
 Majami'ar Gozlan

Mellah Ƙarama:

 Majami'ar Shlomo Ibn Danan (ko Majami'a ta Ibn Danan) 
 Majami'ar Slat al-Fassiyin (ko majami'ar al-Fasiyin) 
 Majami'ar Bar Yochai
 Majami'ar Obayd
 Majami'ar Dbaba
 Majami'ar Rabbi Raphael Abensur

Kashi na Nowawel:

 Majami'ar Aharon Cohen
 Majami'ar Saadian Danan
 Majami'ar Hachuel
 Majami'ar Rabbi El Baz

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba