Yanayin yanayi na Alabama

Jihar Alabama tana daya daga cikin jaha mai zafi  saboda ,zafinta (Cfa) a ƙarƙashin Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen .  Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara na jihar shine 64 ° F (18 ° C). Yanayin zafi yana da zafi a yankin kudancin jihar tare da kusanci da Tekun Mexico, yayin da sassan arewacin, musamman a cikin Dutsen Appalachian a arewa maso gabas, suna da ɗan sanyi. Alabama gabaɗaya tana da zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi da hunturu mai sauƙi tare da ruwan sama mai yawa a duk shekara. Jihar tana samun matsakaicin inci 56 (1,400  na ruwan sama a kowace shekara kuma tana fuskantar tsawon lokacin girma har zuwa kwanaki 300 a yankin kudancin. Girgizar ƙanƙara tana faruwa a wasu lokuta a lokacin bazara da rani a nan, amma ba sa yawan lalacewa. Rashin hazo mai nauyi ba shi da yawa, kuma an ƙuntata su ne a bakin tekun. Hadari kuma yana faruwa a duk shekara. Sun fi yawa a lokacin rani, amma galibi suna da tsanani a lokacin bazara (watau Maris zuwa Mayu) da ƙarshen kaka (watau Nuwamba). Wannan shine lokacin da iska mai lalacewa da Guguwa ke faruwa akai-akai, musamman a arewa da Tsakiya na jihar. Tsakiyar da arewacin Alabama suna cikin Dixie Alley, yankin farko a Amurka a waje da Kudancin Filayen (watau Alley na gargajiya na Tornado) tare da haɗarin guguwa mai yawa. Alabama ta kasance ta biyu a Amurka don guguwa mafi muni. Guguwa ta zama ruwan dare a jihar, musamman a kudancin yankin. Manyan guguwa a wasu lokuta suna mamaye bakin tekun, kamar Guguwar Frederic a watan Satumbar 1979 da Guguwar Ivan a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2004; duka guguwar sun haifar da mummunar lalacewa a yankin Mobile.   

 Yanayin zafi 
Lokacin zafi a Alabama yana cikin mafi zafi a Amurka, tare da matsananciyar zafi sama da 90 °F (32 °C) a duk lokacin bazara a yawancin sassan jihar.  A cikin matsananciyar kudanci, zafin lokacin rani yana ɗan zafi da iskoki daga Tekun Fasha na Mexiko waɗanda galibi ke kadawa cikin ƙasa da nisan mil 10-15.  A wasu sassan arewacin Alabama, tsayin daka sama da matakin teku haka ma yana da zafi a lokacin rani.  A lokacin rani, matsakaita yanayin zafi na yamma yana da girma musamman a Montgomery da Tuscaloosa (duka matsakaicin 92 °F (33 °C) a watan Yuli da Agusta).  Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na dare ya fi girma a kudu maso yammacin Alabama, wanda ke haifar da matsakaicin matsakaici (mai girma da ƙarancin zafin jiki) don tashoshin bayar da rahoto a cikin jihar.  Yayin da rana mafi girma a cikin Wayar hannu ta ɗan fi na waɗanda ke cikin biranen Alabama na cikin ƙasa, ɗumbin daren da aka samar ta kusanci zuwa Tekun Mexico yana haifar da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara don Mobile shine mafi girma a cikin jihar.  Yanayin sanyin safiya yana taimakawa tsaunukan arewa maso gabas a cikin mafi yawan wurare masu zafi a cikin jihar kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a arewa maso gabas tsakanin tsaunuka.  Don haka a Mobile matsakaicin shekara shine 67 °F (19 °C), ma'anar lokacin rani 81 °F (27 °C), da kuma lokacin hunturu 52 °F (11 °C);  kuma a Valley Head, a cikin gundumar DeKalb, matsakaicin shekara shine 59 °F (15 °C), ma'anar lokacin rani 75 °F (24 °C), da kuma lokacin hunturu 41 °F (5 °C).  A Montgomery, a cikin tsakiyar yankin, matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara shine 66 °F (19 °C), tare da matsakaicin lokacin sanyi na 49 °F (9 °C), da matsakaicin lokacin rani na 81 °F (27 °C).  Matsakaicin matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin lokacin sanyi ga ɗaukacin jihar shine 35 °F (2 °C), kuma akwai matsakaita na kwanaki 35 a kowace shekara inda ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya faɗi ƙasa da ma'aunin sanyi.  A cikin tazarar da ba kasafai ba ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya faɗi ƙasa da 0 °F (-18 °C), kamar yadda ya faru a cikin matsanancin sanyi na 12 – 13 ga Fabrairu 1899, lokacin da aka yi rajista mafi ƙarancin −17 °F (-27 °C) a Valley Head.  Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa samu shine 112 °F (44 °C) a Centreville, ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1925 (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records).  A lokacin tsananin zafi na watan Agustan 2007, an yi rikodin yanayi uku na zafi na 108 °F (42 °C) a Maxwell AFB a Montgomery, kowanne yana ɗaure rikodin tarihin babban birnin.  Lokacin sanyi gabaɗaya yana da laushi a Alabama, kamar yadda suke a cikin mafi yawan kudu maso gabashin Amurka, tare da matsakaicin ƙarancin yanayin Janairu a kusa da 40 °F (4 °C) a cikin Wayar hannu, a kusa da 31 °F (-1 °C) a Huntsville, kusa da 35 °F (2 °C) a Montgomery, da kuma kusan 33 °F (1 °C) a Birmingham.

 Ruwan sama 
Adadin ruwan sama ya fi girma a bakin tekun (62 inci/1,574 mm) kuma an rarraba shi daidai a cikin sauran jihar (kimanin 52 inci/1,320 mm). Yawancin ruwan sama ana samar da shi ta hanyar tsawa da kuma, a wasu lokuta, ta hanyar guguwa da sauran rikice-rikice na wurare masu zafi. A tsakiyar da arewacin Alabama, matsakaicin ruwan sama na kowane wata ya fi girma daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, yawanci yana ƙaruwa a watan Disamba ko Maris, kamar yadda yake a Huntsville (mafi girman Disamba) ko Birmingham (mafi yawan Maris), tare da Agusta zuwa Oktoba watanni mafi bushe. A bakin tekun, ruwan sama na lokacin rani ya fi yawa kuma tsarin yanayi na wurare masu zafi barazana ne daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. Dangane da haka, a Mobile, kusan birni mafi ruwan sama a kowace shekara a ko'ina cikin gabashin Amurka (mai ruwan sama fiye da Miami, FL tare da hunturu mai bushewa), matsakaicin ruwan sama na kowane wata a watan Yuli da Agusta, amma kusan duk shekara tana da ruwan sama, tare da Oktoba wata mai ɗan bushewa.    

Kodayake dusar ƙanƙara abu ne mai ban sha'awa a yawancin Alabama, yankunan jihar arewacin Montgomery na iya karɓar dusar ƙara sau da yawa a kowane hunturu, tare da dusar ƙen ƙanƙarar da ke da matsakaici a kowane 'yan shekaru. Abubuwan da suka faru na dusar ƙanƙara sun haɗa da Sabuwar Shekara ta 1963 da kuma Guguwar Shekara na 1993. Matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara don yankin Birmingham shine inci 2 (51  a kowace shekara. A kudancin Gulf, dusar ƙanƙara ba ta da yawa, wani lokacin yana tafiya shekaru da yawa ba tare da dusar ƙara ba.

 El Niño da La Niña 
A lokacin El Niño, Alabama tana samun sanyi fiye da matsakaicin yanayin hunturu tare da yanayin rigar fiye da matsakaici tare da sassan kudancin jihar kuma ya bushe fiye da matsakaita a sassan arewa. La Niña yana kawo zafi fiye da matsakaicin yanayin zafi tare da yanayin bushewa a sassan kudancin jihar saboda hanyar guguwar arewa.

 Hadari 
Har ila yau Alabama na da saurin kamuwa da guguwa mai zafi da ma guguwa.  Yankunan jihar da ke da nisa da Tekun Fasha ba su da kariya daga illolin da guguwar ke haifarwa, wanda galibi ke zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa yayin da suke shiga cikin kasa da kuma raunana.  Tsawa na kowa a lokacin rani a ko'ina cikin Alabama kuma yana faruwa a wasu lokuta na shekara ciki har da hunturu.  Kudancin Alabama ya ba da rahoton tsawa da yawa.  Tekun Fasha, kusa da Mobile Bay, matsakaita tsakanin kwanaki 100 zuwa 110 a kowace shekara tare da rahoton tsawa, wanda gabashi da arewa maso yammacin Alabama ke da kwanaki 70 zuwa 80 na tsawa a kowace shekara.  Lokaci-lokaci, tsawa takan yi tsanani tare da yawaitar walƙiya da ƙanƙara mai yawa - yankunan tsakiya da arewacin jihar sun fi fuskantar wannan nau'in guguwa, yankunan arewaci da tsakiyar Alabama sun fi fuskantar hadari.  Alabama dai ita ce ta bakwai a adadin wadanda suka mutu sakamakon walkiya sannan kuma na tara a adadin wadanda suka mutu sakamakon walkiya a kowace kasa.  

Guguwa tana faruwa akai-akai a Alabama a lokacin bazara da watanni na faduwa, waɗannan guguwa na iya zama masu lalacewa har ma da kisa. - waɗannan sun zama ruwan dare a ko'ina cikin jihar, kodayake Lokacin guguwa ya bambanta daga arewa zuwa kudancin jihar. Alabama, tare da Kansas, sun fi bayar da rahoton guguwar F5/EF5 fiye da kowane jiha - bisa ga kididdiga daga Cibiyar Bayanan Yanayi ta Kasa na lokacin Janairu 1, 1950, zuwa Oktoba 31, 2006. Wani Guguwa ta EF5 shine mafi karfi a irin sa. Yawancin guguwa na F5 da aka bi da su sun ba da gudummawa ga Alabama suna ba da rahoton mutuwar guguwa fiye da kowane jiha sai dai Texas da Mississippi. Super Outbreaks na Afrilu 1974 da Afrilu 2011 dukansu sun shafi Alabama sosai. Yankin arewacin jihar - tare da kwarin Tennessee - yana daya daga cikin yankuna a Amurka mafi haɗari ga guguwa mai ƙarfi. Yankin Alabama da Mississippi da guguwa suka fi shafa wani lokacin ana kiransu Dixie Alley, kamar yadda ya bambanta da Tornado Alley na Kudancin Filayen. Alabama tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan wurare a duniya waɗanda ke da lokacin guguwa na biyu (Nuwamba da Disamba) tare da lokacin bazara mai tsanani.