Yanayin Wales

Wales ƙasa ce da ke cikin ƙasar Ingila kuma yanayin jiki yana da nau'o'in bakin teku da kuma mafi yawan ciki. Yana da iyaka da Ingila a gabas, Tekun Irish a arewa da yamma, da kuma Bristol Channel a kudu. Yana da jimlar yanki na hekta 2,064,100 (5,101,000 acres) kuma yana da kimanin    daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma aƙalla    fadi. Ya ƙunshi kashi 8.35 cikin dari na Ƙasar Ingila. Yana da tsibirai da yawa na bakin teku, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Anglesey. Yankin bakin teku, gami da Anglesey, yana da kimanin    a tsawon. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, Wales tana da yawan mutane kusan 3,092,000; Cardiff ita ce babban birni kuma birni mafi girma kuma tana cikin birane na Kudu maso Gabashin Wales.

Wales tana da rikitaccen tarihin yanayin ƙasa wanda ya bar ta ƙasa mai yawan tuddai.  Filin bakin teku yana da kunkuntar a arewa da yammacin kasar amma ya fi fadi a kudu, inda Vale na Glamorgan ke da mafi kyawun ƙasar noma.  Amfani da filin Coalfield na South Wales a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu ya haifar da haɓakar tattalin arzikin birane a cikin kwarin Kudancin Wales, da faɗaɗa biranen tashar jiragen ruwa na Newport, Cardiff da Swansea don fitar da kwal.  Hakanan an haɓaka ƙaramin filin Coalfield na Arewacin Wales a wannan lokacin, amma sauran wurare a cikin ƙasar, yanayin karkara ne kuma al'ummomi ƙanana ne, tattalin arzikin ya dogara ne akan noma da yawon buɗe ido.  Yanayin yana tasiri ne sakamakon kusancin ƙasar zuwa Tekun Atlantika da kuma iskar da ta mamaye yammacin duniya;  don haka yakan zama mai laushi, gajimare, rigar da iska.

 Yanayin jiki 
Wales tana gefen yammacin tsakiyar kudancin Biritaniya. A arewa da yamma shine Tekun Irish, kuma a kudu shine Bristol Channel. Yankunan Ingila na Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire da Gloucestershire suna gabas. Yawancin iyakar da Ingila kusan suna bin layin tsohuwar aikin ƙasa da aka sani da Offa's Dyke .  Babban tsibirin Anglesey yana kusa da gabar arewa maso yamma, ya rabu da yankin Wales ta hanyar Menai Strait, kuma akwai ƙananan tsibirai da yawa.

Yawancin Wales na da tsaunuka.  Snowdonia (Welsh: Eryri) a arewa maso yamma yana da tsaunuka mafi tsayi, tare da Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa) mai tsayin 1,085 m (3,560 ft) shine mafi girma.  Kudancin babban kewayon ya ta'allaka ne ƙungiyar Arenig, Cadair Idris da tsaunin Berwyn.  A arewa maso gabashin Wales, tsakanin kwarin Clwyd da Dee Estuary, ya ta'allaka ne da Range na Clwydian.[1]  Kololuwar 14 (ko mai yiwuwa 15) sama da ƙafa 3,000 (914 m), duk a cikin Snowdonia, an san su tare da Welsh 3000s..

Duwatsun Cambrian suna gudana daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma kuma suna mamaye mafi yawan tsakiyar ƙasar. Wadannan sun fi zagaye da kuma motsi, an rufe su a cikin moorland da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi, ciyawa mai laushi. A kudancin kasar akwai Brecon Beacons a tsakiyar Powys, Black Mountain, Wales">Black Mountains (Y My Avan Duon) ya bazu a fadin sassan Powys da Monmouthshire a kudu maso gabashin Wales kuma, abin rikitarwa, Black Mountain (Y Mynydd Du), wanda ke kusa da yamma a kan iyakar tsakanin Carmarthenshire da Powys.

Yankin Welsh lowland ya ƙunshi filin arewacin bakin teku, tsibirin Anglesey, wani ɓangare na Llŷn Peninsula, wani karamin yanki na bakin teku tare da Cardigan Bay, yawancin Pembrokeshire da kudancin Carmarthenshire, Gower Peninsula da Vale of Glamorgan .  Babban koguna shine Kogin Dee, wani ɓangare na shi ya zama iyaka tsakanin Wales da Ingila, Kogin Clwyd da Kogin Conwy, waɗanda duk suna gudana zuwa arewa zuwa Liverpool Bay da Tekun Irish. Bugu da ƙari a kusa da bakin tekun, Kogin Mawddach, Dovey, Rheidol, Ystwyth da Teifi suna gudana zuwa yamma zuwa Cardigan Bay, kuma kogin Towy, Taff, Usk da Wye suna gudana daga kudu zuwa Bristol Channel. Sassan Kogin Severn sun kafa iyaka tsakanin Wales da Ingila.

The length of the coast of mainland Wales is about , and adding to this the coasts of the Isle of Anglesey and Holy Island, the total is about . Cardigan Bay is the largest bay in the country and Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid) the largest lake at . Other large lakes include Llyn Trawsfynydd at , Lake Vyrnwy at , Llyn Brenig at , Llyn Celyn at  and Llyn Alaw at . Bala Lake lies in a glacial valley blocked by a terminal moraine, but the other lakes are reservoirs created by impounding rivers, to provide drinking water, hydroelectric schemes or flood defences, and many are also used recreationally.

Ilimin ƙasa na Wales yana da rikitarwa kuma ya bambanta. Duwatsu na farko da suka fitowa sun fito ne daga zamanin Precambrian, kimanin 700 Mya, kuma ana samun su a Anglesey, tsibirin Llŷn, kudu maso yammacin Pembrokeshire da kuma wuraren da ke kusa da iyakar Ingila. A lokacin Lower Palaeozoic, yayin da tekuna ke mamaye ƙasar lokaci-lokaci kuma suna sake komawa baya, dubban mita na dutsen dutse da dutsen wuta sun tara a cikin wani kwandon ruwa da aka sani da Welsh Basin .  Duwatsun da aka samo a cikin wani dutse kusa da ƙauyen Llangynog, Carmarthenshire, a cikin 1977 sun ƙunshi wasu burbushin duniya mafi tsufa waɗanda suka kasance daga zamanin Ediacaran, shekaru miliyan 564 da suka gabata, lokacin da Wales ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙaramin nahiyar Avalonia.

A farkon da tsakiyar Ordovician (485 zuwa 460 Mya), aikin dutsen wuta ya karu. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsarin dutsen wuta, wanda ke kewaye da abin da ke yanzu Snowdon, ya fitar da kimanin 60  kilomita (14 cu  na tarkace. Wani dutsen wuta ya kafa Rhobell Fawr kusa da Dolgellau . A wannan lokacin, an ajiye tarin yashi, dutse da laka a kudu a Wales, kuma waɗannan a hankali sun karfafa. Wasu daga cikin toka na dutsen wuta sun fadi a cikin teku kuma sun kafa manyan bankunan, inda wasu lokuta masu yawa suka shiga cikin ruwa mai zurfi, suna haifar da Ruwan sama. Wannan ya haifar da babban turbidity a cikin teku, bayan haka barbashi sun fara zama bisa ga girman barbashi. Ana kiran sassan da aka kafa turbidites, kuma waɗannan sun zama ruwan dare a tsakiyar Wales, suna da bayyane a cikin tsaunukan teku a kusa da Aberystwyth.

A farkon zamanin Devonian (420 Mya) teku tana janyewa daga Welsh Basin yayin da aka tura ƙasar ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙasa, ta samar da sabon kewayon duwatsu, Welsh Caledonides. Tsohon Red Sandstone yana wakiltar tarkace daga rushewar su. A wani wuri an matse ma'adanai kuma an lalata su, kuma a wasu wurare, ma'adinan yumɓu sun sake sakewa, suna haɓaka hatsi wanda ya ba da damar rarraba layi daya, yana sauƙaƙa raba duwatsu zuwa ƙananan dutse da aka sani da slate. A farkon lokacin Carboniferous, sake mamaye sassan kudanci da arewacin Wales ta teku ya haifar da ajiyar dutse, kuma manyan maras kyau a Kudancin Wales sun haifar da ajiya da kuma samar da matakan kwal. Rushewar yankunan tsaunuka da ke kusa ya haifar da samar da sandstones da lakastones a ƙarshen lokacin. Kudancin yammacin Wales, musamman, ya shafi Orogeny na Variscan, lokacin da haɗari na nahiyar da ke kudu ya haifar da rikitarwa da karyewar sassan.

A lokacin Permian, Triassic da Jurassic (300 zuwa 150 Mya), ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru na hamada, raguwa da haɓaka sun faru kuma Wales ta cika da teku kuma ta tashi sama da ita. A lokacin Cretaceous (140 zuwa 70 Mya), Wales ta kasance har abada sama da matakin teku kuma a cikin Pleistocene (2.5 Mya zuwa kwanan nan), ta fuskanci lokuta masu sanyi da yawa, shekarun kankara. Duwatsun da muke gani a yau galibi sun ɗauki siffarsu ta yanzu a lokacin zamanin kankara na ƙarshe, Devensian glaciation . 

A tsakiyar karni na 19, fitattun masana kimiyyar ƙasa guda biyu, Roderick Murchison da Adam Sedgwick, sun yi amfani da karatun su na ilimin ƙasa na Wales don kafa wasu ka'idojin stratigraphy da paleontology. Daga sunan Latin na Wales, Cambria (wanda aka samo daga Cymru), an samo sunan farkon lokacin ilimin ƙasa na zamanin Paleozoic, Cambrian . Bayan jayayya da yawa, lokuta biyu na gaba na zamanin Paleozoic, Ordovician da Silurian, an sanya musu suna ne bayan kabilun Celtic na Wales, Ordovices da Silures.

 Yanayi 

Wales tana da yanayin teku, mafi yawan iskar da ke yankin kudu maso yamma da yammacin tekun Atlantika ne.  Wannan yana nufin cewa yanayin Wales gabaɗaya yana da laushi, gajimare, rigar da iska.  Bambance-bambancen yanki na ƙasar yana haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin adadin hasken rana, ruwan sama da zafin jiki.  Ruwan sama a Wales ya bambanta sosai, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara a cikin Snowdonia da Brecon Beacons, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta kusa da bakin teku da gabas, kusa da iyakar Ingilishi.  A duk faɗin Wales, watannin hunturu sun fi na bazara sosai.  Dusar ƙanƙara ba ta da wuya a kwatankwacinta kusa da matakin teku a Wales, amma ya fi yawa a kan tsaunuka, kuma tuddai suna fuskantar yanayi mafi muni a cikin hunturu fiye da mafi ƙarancin sassa..

Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara a Wales kusan  ° C ( ° F) ne a bakin tekun da  ° C (49 ° F) a yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa. Ya zama mai sanyi a tsawo mafi girma, tare da matsakaicin raguwa a yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara na kusan  ° C (0.9 ° F) ga kowane mita 100 (330 feet) na karuwar tsawo. Sakamakon haka, sassan da suka fi girma na Snowdonia suna nufin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara na 5 ° C (41 ° F).  A daren, yanayin sanyi yana faruwa lokacin da akwai iska kadan kuma babu girgije, musamman lokacin da ƙasa ta cika da dusar ƙanƙara; mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Wales ya kasance a cikin irin wannan yanayin a Rhayader a Ranar Sabuwar Shekara, 1940, lokacin da zafin ya faɗi zuwa -23.3 ° C (−9.9 ° F). Lokaci-lokaci, yankin bakin teku na Arewacin Wales yana fuskantar wasu yanayin hunturu mafi zafi a Ƙasar Ingila, tare da yanayin zafi har zuwa  ° C (64 ° F); waɗannan suna haifar da iska ta Foehn, iska ta kudu maso yamma da ke warming yayin da yake saukowa daga duwatsun Snowdonia. 
Ruwan sama a Wales yawanci sakamakon zuwan tsarin ƙarancin matsin lamba na Atlantika kuma ya fi girma tsakanin Oktoba da Janairu a duk ƙasar.  Yawancin watanni masu bushewa yawanci Afrilu, Mayu da Yuni, kuma Wales tana fuskantar ƙarancin tsawar bazara fiye da Ingila.  Ruwan sama ya bambanta a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da mafi girman bayanan kasancewa daga mafi girman tudu.  Snowdonia yana fuskantar yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara fiye da 3,000 mm (118 in) yayin da yankunan gabar tekun Wales da iyakar Ingila na iya samun ƙasa da 1,000 mm (39 in).  Haɗuwa da wuraren tsaunuka da ƙasƙan Atlantika na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa kuma wani lokacin yana haifar da ambaliya.] Yawan ruwan dusar ƙanƙara ya bambanta da tsayi da yawa daga shekara zuwa shekara.  A cikin tsaunuka, adadin kwanakin da dusar ƙanƙara ke kwance na iya bambanta daga sifili zuwa talatin ko fiye, tare da matsakaicin kusan ashirin a Snowdonia.

Wales na ɗaya daga cikin sassan iska na Ƙasar Ingila . Iska mafi karfi yawanci tana da alaƙa da raunin Atlantic; yayin da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ya zo, iskõki yawanci suna farawa a kudu maso yamma, kafin su juya zuwa yamma sannan zuwa arewa maso yamma yayin da tsarin ke wucewa. Kudu maso yammacin Pembrokeshire yana fuskantar iskar iska mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman saurin iska da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Wales a wani wuri mai ƙasƙanci shine gusts na  km / h; 124  a Rhoose, a cikin Vale na Glamorgan, a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1989.

 Amfani da ƙasa 
Jimlar ƙasa [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] na Wales shine kadada 2,064,100 (5,101,000 acres). Yankin ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita don noma da gandun daji a cikin ƙasar a cikin 2013 ya kasance hekta 1,712,845 (acre 4,232,530. Daga cikin wannan hekta 79,461 (acre 19,350) an yi amfani da shi don noma da shuka, hekta 1,449 (acre 3,580), don aikin lambu, kuma an yi amfani dashi da hekta 1,405,156 (acre 3,472,220) don kiwo. Woodland ya mamaye hekta 63,366 (acre 156,580) kuma hekta 10,126 (acire 25,020) ƙasa ce da ba a rarraba ba. Bugu da kari, akwai hekta 180,305 (445,540 acres) na kiwo na yau da kullun, yana ba da jimlar yankin duk ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita don aikin gona, gami da ƙasa ta kowa, na hekta 1,739,863 (4,299,300 acres).  

Dangane da yankin da aka shuka, amfanin gona da aka shuke a Wales sune: abinci don ciyar da kaya, sha'ir na bazara, alkama, masara, sha'ur na hunturu, sauran hatsi don haɗuwa, fyade na mai, dankali da sauran amfanin gona. Yankin ciyawa ya kasance mafi yawan makiyaya na dindindin, tare da kashi 10% kawai na ciyawa ba su kai shekaru biyar ba. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran sassan Ingila, Wales tana da mafi ƙanƙanta kashi na ƙasar noma (6%), da kuma karamin yanki na kiwo da tuddai fiye da Scotland (27% da 62%). 

 Albarkatun halitta 
An haƙa adadi mai yawa na kwal a Wales a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu da farkon ɓangaren karni na ashirin, bayan haka kayan kwal sun ragu kuma ragowar ragowar sun zama marasa tattalin arziki yayin da kwal na kasashen waje ya zama samuwa a farashi mai rahusa. Ramin karshe mai zurfi a Wales ya rufe a shekara ta 2008.

An yi aiki sosai a kan iyakar arewacin Kudancin Wales Coalfield don samar da ƙarfe kuma suna da mahimmanci a farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu a Kudancin Welsh. 

An haƙa gubar, azurfa da ƙaramin zinc a yankunan tsaunuka na kogin Ystwyth da Rheidol da kuma a cikin Kogin Severn na ƙarni da yawa kuma an haƙa ƙananan ajiya a Pentre Halkyn a Flintshire a lokacin mamayar Romawa na Burtaniya. Copper babban fitarwa ne daga Parys Mountain a Anglesey wanda shine, a tsayinsa, mafi girman ma'adinin Jan ƙarfe a duniya.
Slate quarrying ya kasance babbar masana'antu a Arewacin Wales. Ana aiki da Cilgwyn Quarry a karni na 12, amma daga baya Blaenau Ffestiniog ya zama cibiyar samarwa.
Tare da tsaunuka da ruwan sama mai yawa, ruwa yana daya daga cikin albarkatun Wales mafi yawa. Kasar tana da tafkuna da yawa da mutum ya yi kuma tana fitar da ruwa zuwa Ingila da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar tsarin hydroelectric.

Iska wata hanya ce da Wales ke da yawa. Gwynt da Môr na ɗaya daga cikin gonakin iska da yawa a bakin tekun Arewacin Wales da Anglesey, kuma ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a irin wannan gonar iska a duniya.

 Yanayin siyasa 

 Wales 
Yankin zamani tsakanin Wales da Ingila an bayyana shi sosai ta hanyar Dokokin Wales Ayyuka na 1535 da 1542, bisa ga iyakokin masarautar Marcher na zamani. A cewar masanin tarihin Welsh John Davies: Ta haka ne aka kirkiro iyakar tsakanin Wales da Ingila, iyakar da ta tsira har zuwa yau. Ba ta bi tsohuwar layin Offa's Dyke ko iyakar gabashin diocese na Welsh ba; ta cire gundumomi kamar Oswestry da Ewias, inda za a ci gaba da magana da harshen Welsh na ƙarni, gundumomin da ba za su kasance cikakke ba don la'akari da su a matsayin Cambria irredenta. Duk da haka, kamar yadda manufar dokar ita ce ta haɗa Wales cikin Ingila, wurin iyakar Welsh ba shi da mahimmanci ga manufar masu tsara shi.Ba a taɓa tabbatar da iyakar ta hanyar raba gardama ba ko  Hukumar iyakoki ta sake dubawa. Layin iyaka ya bi Offa's Dyke daga kudu zuwa arewa har zuwa wani batu game da kilomita 40 (64) daga gabar arewa, amma sai ya juya zuwa gabas. Yana da wasu anomalies, amma wasu sun kasance daga Dokar Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 . Alal misali, ya raba Knighton daga tashar jirgin kasa,  kuma ya raba ƙauyen Llanymynech inda wani mashaya ke kewaye da layin. 

 Karamar hukuma 
Wales ta kasu kashi 22 na hukuma, wadanda ke da alhakin samar da dukkan ayyukan kananan hukumomi, gami da ilimi, aikin zamantakewa, muhalli da ayyukan hanya. A ƙasa da waɗannan a wasu yankuna akwai majalisun al'umma, waɗanda ke rufe takamaiman yankuna a cikin yankin majalisa. Yankunan hukuma an san su da "manyan yankuna". Sarki ya nada Lords Lieutenant don wakiltar shi a cikin yankuna takwas da aka kiyaye na Wales.

A cikin Ofishin Ƙididdiga na Yankin Ƙididdiga na Ƙasa, ƙananan hukumomi sun taru zuwa rukuni bisa manyan ƙidayar ƙidayar guda shida (yanayin jama'a, tsarin iyali, gidaje, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, aikin yi da masana'antu).  Yawancin ƙananan hukumomi a tsakiya da yammacin Wales an rarraba su a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban rukunin 'Coastal and Countryside'.  Yawancin hukumomin kudancin Wales, Flintshire da Wrexham suna cikin babban rukunin 'Ma'adinai da Masana'antu';  Cardiff wani bangare ne na babban rukunin 'Biranen da Sabis' kuma Vale na Glamorgan wani bangare ne na 'Prospering UK'.'. 

 Yanayin zamantakewa 
A number of historians of Wales have questioned the notion of a single, cohesive Welsh identity. For example, in 1921, Alfred Zimmern, the inaugural professor of international relations at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, argued that there was "not one Wales, but three": archetypal 'Welsh Wales', industrial or 'American Wales', and upper-class 'English Wales'. Each represented different parts of the country and different traditions. In 1985, political analyst Dennis Balsom proposed a similar 'Three Wales model'. Balsom's regions were the Welsh-speaking heartland of the north and west, Y Fro Gymraeg; a consciously Welsh but not Welsh-speaking 'Welsh Wales' in the South Wales Valleys and a more ambivalent 'British Wales' making up the remainder, largely in the east and along the south coast. The division reflects, broadly, the areas where Plaid Cymru, Labour, and the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats respectively enjoyed the most political support.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span>]

Topography ya iyakance haɗin kai tsakanin Arewa da Kudancin Wales, tare da rabi biyu kusan suna aiki a matsayin bangarorin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa daban-daban a zamanin da ya gabata, tare da manufofin sufuri na Gwamnatin Burtaniya da suka biyo baya suna yin kadan don gyara shi. A yau, babbar hanyar da layin dogo suna gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma, kodayake akwai sau ɗaya hanyar dogo ta arewa zuwa kudu wanda kungiyoyin matsa lamba ke ƙoƙarin sake dawowa. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana'antu a Kudancin Wales sun kara danganta da Avonside da Ingila Midlands, kuma a arewacin Wales zuwa Merseyside.

Liverpool ana kiranta "babban birnin arewacin Wales" a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. Tare da mutane 20,000 da aka haifa a Welsh da ke zaune a kowane bangare na Mersey a cikin 1901, birnin yana da jerin masallatai na Welsh da cibiyoyin al'adu; ya dauki bakuncin National Eisteddfod a cikin 1884, 1900 da 1929 kuma ya haifar da manyan mutane da yawa a rayuwar Welsh a cikin karni na 20.  Jaridar Liverpool Daily Post ta zama, yadda ya kamata, jaridar yau da kullun ta arewacin Wales. Raguwar Liverpool bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da canza tsarin ƙaura na Welsh, ya sa kasancewar Welsh ta ragu. A cikin shekarun 1960, ambaliyar ruwa ta Kwarin Tryweryn don samar da birni da ruwa ya lalata dangantaka da mutane da yawa a Wales.

Wani lokaci ana kiran Arewa Welsh, a cikin Wenglish, a matsayin Gogs (daga Welsh gogledd, "arewa") da kuma kudancin Welsh a matsayin Hwntws (daga tu hwnt da ma'ana 'mai nisa a can' ko 'bayan').  Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin ƙamus na Welsh tsakanin arewa da kudu;  misali, kalmar kudancin Welsh a yanzu ita ce nawr yayin da arewacin Welsh rŵan ne. 

Kudanci mafi yawan birni, wanda ya ƙunshi birane kamar Cardiff, Newport da Swansea, a tarihi gida ne ga masana'antar kwal da karafa.  Ya bambanta da mafi yawan yankunan karkarar arewa, inda aikin noma da sarafa dutse ne manyan masana'antu.  Ko da yake titin M4 yana kawo arziki cikin Kudancin Wales, musamman Cardiff, babu wani bayyanannen rabe-raben tattalin arziki tsakanin arewa da kudu sabanin Ingila;  akwai, alal misali, babban matakin talauci a cikin kwarin Kudancin Wales bayan masana'antu.
Kimanin yawan mutanen Wales a cikin 2019 ya kasance kusan 3,152,879, karuwar 14,248 a shekarar da ta gabata. Babban yawan jama'a da wuraren masana'antu a Wales suna cikin Kudancin Wales, musamman Cardiff, Swansea da Newport da ke kusa da Kudancin Kudancin. Cardiff ita ce babban birni kuma tana da yawan jama'a kusan 346,000 a ƙidayar shekara ta 2011. Wannan ya biyo bayan hukumomin haɗin kai na Swansea (239,000), Rhondda Cynon Taf (234,400), Carmarthenshire (183,800), Caerphilly (178,800), Flintshire (152,500), Newport (145,700), Neath Port Talbot (139,800), Bridgend (139,200) da Wrexham (134,800).  Cardiff ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a Wales tare da mutane 2,482 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (6,428 a kowace murabus mil) yayin da Powys ke da 26 kawai.

Yawancin mutanen Welsh suna zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙauyuka: kusan kashi 20% suna zaune a ƙauyuka na ƙasa da mutane 1,500 idan aka kwatanta da kashi 10% a Ingila. Wales kuma tana da ƙananan yawan jama'arta a cikin manyan ƙauyuka: kashi 26% ne kawai ke zaune a cikin birane tare da yawan jama'a sama da 100,000; idan aka kwatanta, kusan kashi 40% na yawan mutanen Ingila suna zaune a cikin manyan birane fiye da mafi girma a Wales. Wani fasalin tsarin sulhu a Wales shine rabon yawan mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara: 15% idan aka kwatanta da 1.5% kawai a Ingila.

 Sadarwa 
Babban Layin Kudancin Wales ya haɗa London Paddington da Swansea, yana shiga Wales ta hanyar Severn Tunnel. Sauran manyan ayyukan layin daga Midlands da Arewacin Ingila sun shiga wannan a Newport. Lines na reshe suna aiki da Kudancin Wales Valleys, Barry, da wuraren da suka wuce Swansea waɗanda suka haɗa da tashar jirgin ruwa a Fishguard da Pembroke Dock. Layin Zuciya na Wales ya haɗa Llanelli da Craven Arms a Shropshire .  Layin Cambrian ya haye tsakiyar Wales, tare da jiragen kasa daga Shrewsbury zuwa Welshpool, Aberystwyth da Pwllheli. Layin Tekun Arewacin Wales ya haɗa Crewe da Chester zuwa Bangor da Holyhead, daga inda akwai sabis na jirgin ruwa zuwa Ireland. Fasinjoji na iya canzawa a Shotton don Layin Borderlands, wanda ke haɗa Wrexham da Bidston a kan Yankin Wirral, kuma a Conwy don Layin Conwy Valley zuwa Blaenau Festiniog .  Layin Shrewsbury-Chester tsakanin Chester da Shrewsshire a Ingila, ya ratsa Wrexham, Chirk da Ruabon a Wales.

Filin jirgin saman Cardiff shine kawai filin jirgin sama a Wales wanda ke ba da jirage na kasa da kasa. Wuraren da ake samu sun hada da wasu sassan Ingila, Ireland da sassan nahiyar Turai. Ana kuma amfani da filin jirgin sama don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kan yanayi. A cikin 2018, kusan fasinjoji miliyan 1.6 sun yi amfani da filin jirgin sama. Ayyukan jirgin ruwa da yawa suna aiki tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa na Welsh da Ireland: Holyhead zuwa Dublin; Fishguard zuwa Rosslare;  Pembroke Dock zuwa Rosslare,  da Swansea zuwa Cork.

 Yankunan da aka kare 
Wales kuma tana da Yankuna biyar na Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar Halitta. Wadannan sun bambanta da wuraren shakatawa na kasa saboda hukumomin yankin suna da alhakin kiyayewa da haɓaka kyawawan dabi'un wuri amma ba su da alhaki don inganta jin daɗin jama'a. Haɗin gwiwar da aka kafa don gudanar da AONBs ba su da iko akan tsarawa, alhakin da ya kasance tare da hukumomin yankin. A shekara ta 1956, Gower Peninsula ya zama AONB na farko da aka zaba a Burtaniya. Sauran AONBs sune: bakin tekun Anglesey; yankin Llŷn;  Clwydian Range da Dee Valley;  da Wye Valley, wani ɓangare na shi yana cikin Ingila. 

Wales tana da magudanan ruwa da yawa, gami da wasu daga cikin mafi ban mamaki a Ƙasar Ingila. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shine    Pistyll Rhaeadr kusa da ƙauyen Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant . An kafa shi ne yayin da rafin dutse ya sauka a kan dutse kuma ya canza halayensa zuwa kogi mai laushi, Afon Rhaeadr . Majalisar Karkara ta Wales ce ta sanya shafin a matsayin Shafin Kimiyya na Musamman na 1000 a Wales, saboda muhimmancinsa ga fahimtar ilimin ƙasa na Welsh. Marubucin Ingilishi na ƙarni na 19 George Borrow ya yi tsokaci game da faduwar ruwa, "Ban taɓa ganin ruwa yana fadowa da kyau ba, kamar yadda yake da kyau, kyawawan zaren, kamar a nan".

 Dubi kuma 

 Yankin tsakanin Wales da Ingila 

 Yankunan Wales
 Geology na Wales
 Yankin gabar tekun Wales
 Jerin Blue Flag Beaches na Wales
 Jerin tsibirai na Wales
 Ƙananan Ingila bayan Wales
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba