Jima'i da canjin yanayi

Canjin yanayi yana shafar maza da mata daban. Canjin yanayi da jinsi batu ne na bincike wanda ke da niyyar fahimtar yadda maza da mata ke samun dama da amfani da albarkatun da canjin yanayi ke tasiri da kuma yadda suke fuskantar tasirin da ya haifar. Yana nazarin yadda Matsayin jinsi da ka'idojin al'adu ke tasiri ga ikon maza da mata don amsawa ga canjin yanayi, da kuma yadda za'a iya haɗa matsayin mata da maza cikin sauyawa da dabarun rage sauyin yanayi. Har ila yau, yana la'akari da yadda canjin yanayi ya haɗu da sauran ƙalubalen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kamar talauci, samun damar albarkatu, ƙaura, da asalin al'adu.

 Manufofin bincike 
A ƙarshe, burin wannan binciken shine tabbatar da cewa manufofi da shirye-shiryen canjin yanayi suna da daidaito, kuma mata da maza suna amfana daga gare su. Canjin yanayi yana ƙara Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi,  yana rage ikon mata na samun 'yancin kuɗi,  kuma yana da mummunar tasiri ga haƙƙin zamantakewa da siyasa na mata, musamman a cikin tattalin arzikin da ke da tushe sosai akan aikin gona.  A lokuta da yawa, rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi yana nufin cewa mata sun fi fuskantar mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matsayin jinsi, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa, wanda ke nufin cewa mata galibi suna dogara da yanayin halitta don rayuwa da samun kudin shiga. Ta hanyar kara iyakance damar da mata suka riga sun ƙuntata ga albarkatun jiki, zamantakewa, siyasa, da na kasafin kuɗi, sau da yawa sau da yawa yakan ɗora mata fiye da maza kuma zai iya fadada rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi.

An kuma gano bambance-bambance na jinsi dangane da wayar da kan jama'a, haifar da martani ga canjin yanayi, kuma kasashe da yawa sun haɓaka kuma sun aiwatar da dabarun sauyin yanayi na jinsi da shirye-shiryen aiki. Misali, Gwamnatin Mozambique ta karɓi Tsarin Jima'i, Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi da Shirin Ayyuka a farkon shekara ta 2010, kasancewar ita ce gwamnati ta farko a duniya da ta yi hakan. Kasuwanci tare da allon jinsi daban-daban an gano kashi 60% mafi yiwuwar rage amfani da makamashi da kashi 40% mafi yiwuwar raguwa da hayakin gas. Mata da maza suna fuskantar canjin yanayi da lalacewar muhalli daban-daban bisa ga matsayin jinsi da tarurrukan al'umma.

Binciken jinsi a cikin canjin yanayi, duk da haka, ba'a iyakance shi ga mata ba. Har ila yau, yana nufin ba kawai yin amfani da tsarin bincike na namiji / mace ba a kan saiti na bayanai masu yawa, har ma da bincika gine-ginen magana waɗanda ke tsara dangantakar iko da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi, da kuma la'akari da yadda jinsi, a matsayin zamantakewar da ke tasiri ga martani ga canjin yanayi.MacGregor, Sherilyn. "A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change." The Sociological Review 57 (2010): 124–140. . Wannan binary kuma ya cire mutanen da ke cikin al'ummar LGBTQ +, da waɗanda ba na binary ba ne kuma ba su dace da ka'idodin jinsi ba. Don fahimtar tasirin canjin yanayi a kan al'ummomi daban-daban, dole ne a sami bambanci tsakanin jinsi da jima'i. Ana iya bayyana jinsi a matsayin bambance-bambance da aka gina tsakanin maza da mata wanda ke haifar da namiji da mace. Ana iya bayyana jima'i a matsayin bambancin halittu tsakanin maza da mata, galibi dangane da ayyukan haihuwa.Pearse, Rebecca (March 2017). "Gender and climate change". WIREs Climate Change. 8 (2). Bibcode:2017WIRCC...8E.451P. doi:10.1002/wcc.451. ISSN 1757-7780. S2CID 131947864.  

 Ra'ayi da ayyukan jama'a 
Binciken matasa a Finland ya nuna cewa damuwa game da Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri mafi girma akan amfani da yanayi a cikin mata idan aka kwatanta da maza. Binciken da aka yi a Jamhuriyar Czech ya nuna wannan abin da ya faru. Wannan na iya zama abin da ya faru ga bambance-bambance a cikin fahimtar canjin yanayi. Mata sun yarda da ra'ayin kimiyya cewa hayakin iskar gas mai guba na mutum galibi yana da alhakin canjin yanayi (m: 56%, f: 64%) kuma sun fi damuwa game da tasirinsa: wani binciken 2010 ya gano 29% na maza da 35% na mata a Amurka don "damuwa game da dumamar duniya sosai".

An gudanar da wani binciken a cikin 2016 ta amfani da maza da mata daga Brazil da Sweden don auna da kuma bincika tasirin jinsi da tsarin siyasa akan ra'ayoyin canjin yanayi. An tattara bayanai ta hanyar tambayoyin kan layi daga mahalarta 367 daga Brazil wanda ya kunshi maza 151 da mata 216, da mahalarta 221 daga Sweden tare da maza 75 da mata 146. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ƙin canjin yanayi a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu (rSweden = .22, rBrazil = .19) yana nuna cewa maza (yawanci tare da tsarin siyasa mai ra'ayin rikon kwarya) suna iya musanta wanzuwar canjin yanayi. Mata a cikin kungiyoyin biyu galibi sun nuna akasin haka, yana nuna cewa mata sun fi gaskata da kasancewar canjin yanayi.

Wani ɗan gajeren binciken Manufofin UNDP na 2010 ya bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin yadda maza da mata ke da rauni ga fannoni na canjin yanayi. Kudin da mata ke samu ya fi rauni, yayin da maza, wadanda ke samun karin damar aiki a aikin gona, suna iya fama da raunin daidaitawa da juriya. 

Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 2020 ya gano cewa akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin dabarun magance. Binciken, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin manoman shinkafa a Lardin Mazandaran a Iran, ya gano cewa maza suna gaskata cewa ingantaccen dabarun kula da ƙasa hanya ce mai kyau don sarrafa Hadarin yanayi, yayin da mata suka yi imanin cewa ilimi shine hanya mafi mahimmanci don daidaitawa, tunda za su iya gano abin da mafi kyawun dabarun da fasahar don fuskantar haɗarin yanayi.Goli, Imaneh; Omidi Najafabadi, Maryam; Lashgarara, Farhad (9 March 2020). "Where are We Standing and Where Should We Be Going? Gender and Climate Change Adaptation Behavior". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 33 (2): 187–218. Bibcode:2020JAEE...33..187G. doi:10.1007/s10806-020-09822-3. ISSN 1573-322X. S2CID 216404045.

Wani mahimmin mai ba da damar daidaita Canjin yanayi shine samun damar samun bayanai masu amfani na yanayi, duk da haka a Afirka ta Kudu an sami damar samun bayanai ta jinsi tare da mata da ke da damar samun bayanai na yanayi. A cikin binciken da aka buga a cikin 2020 na kananan manoman sukari a Malawi, an gano cewa mata da yawa fiye da maza ba sa samun damar samun bayanan hasashen don jagorantar yanke shawara na daidaitawa. Samun dama da abubuwan da aka fi so na bayanan yanayi na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da matsayi daban-daban na aure da kuma ilimi da matakan karatu da rubutu tsakanin mata da maza.

Contribution to climate change – through emissions of greenhouse gases – is correlated to gender. A study on car use in Sweden, for example, found that men are likely to use the car more, for longer distances and alone compared to women, thereby emitting more CO2 (a greenhouse gas).

A cikin binciken da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya gudanar game da yanayi, an gano maza sun fi shakku game da tasirin mata a cikin jagorancin aikin yanayi. 50% na mata da aka bincika sun yi tunanin cewa samun karin shugabannin mata zai haifar da bambanci, yayin da kashi 45% na maza suka yi tunanin haka. Binciken ya nuna babban bambanci a Burtaniya, inda kashi 38% na maza da kashi 61% na mata suka amince cewa shugabannin mata za su yi yaƙi da canjin yanayi. Asusun Zuba Jari na Turai ya kuma gano cewa kasuwancin da mata ke gudanarwa suna da ƙididdigar ESG mafi kyau fiye da sauran kasuwancin, suna kashewa da yawa a cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, kuma suna saka hannun jari kaɗan a cikin kasuwancin gurɓata.

Bincike daban-daban ya nuna cewa kasashe masu yawan mata a majalisa sun fi tabbatar da yarjejeniyar muhalli da aiwatar da manufofin canjin yanayi, don haka shugabannin mata sun fi son son aikin yanayi da dorewa.  

 Rashin ƙarfi 

 Bala'o'i 
Bala'o'i sune abubuwan da ba a iya tsammani ba waɗanda ke haifar da lahani ga mutane da lalacewar dukiya, ababen more rayuwa, da muhalli. Za su iya zama na halitta, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, gobarar daji, girgizar ƙasa, guguwa, ko tsunami, ko kuma mutum ne zai iya yin su, kamar zubar da mai, haɗarin masana'antu, da hare-haren ta'addanci. Bala'o'i na iya haifar da lalacewar jiki, tunani, da tattalin arziki. Hakanan zasu iya rushe hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a, raunana tsarin tattalin arziki, da kuma haifar da tasirin lafiyar jiki da tunani. Mutanen da bala'o'i suka shafa na iya fuskantar ƙaura, asarar hanyar rayuwa, da rushewar ilimi, da sauran tasirin. A yayin bala'i, gwamnatoci, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, da hukumomin agaji na iya ba da taimako da taimako ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. 
Binciken da Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London ta yi ya gano cewa, a cikin bala'o'i na halitta a cikin ƙasashe 141, bambancin jinsi a cikin mutuwar ya danganta da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar mata a waɗancan ƙasashe. Saboda matsayinsu na zamantakewa, mata a kasashe masu tasowa ba a koya musu basirar rayuwa kamar yin iyo ko hawa ba, ma'ana suna iya mutuwa a cikin bala'i. Lokacin da mata ke da ƙananan hakkoki da ƙananan iko a cikin al'umma, da yawa daga cikinsu suna mutuwa saboda canjin yanayi, amma idan akwai daidaito ga dukkan kungiyoyi, yawan mutuwar sun fi dacewa.

Mata da ke aiki a yankunan da ke fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi, kamar noma, ruwa ko gandun daji, suma suna iya shafar matsanancin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar mutuwar. Kasashe sun kuma bayar da rahoton karuwar tashin hankali ga mata da 'yan mata bayan bala'o'i.

Maza ma suna shafar tasirin canjin yanayi, galibi saboda bambancin da ke cikin kasuwar aiki da kasancewar ka'idojin jinsi a cikin al'umma. Wani binciken da aka yi a Jaridar Nazarin Muhalli ta Duniya da Lafiya ta Jama'a ta nuna cewa maza galibi suna fuskantar aiki da ayyukan waje a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 27 na Celsius. Koyaya, yawan mace-mace da ke da alaƙa da zafi ya bambanta tsakanin binciken, yana nuna cewa ya bambanta bisa ga yankin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan binciken ya gano cewa maza suna da haɗarin mutuwa daga haɗari da raunin da ya shafi canjin yanayi. Kimanin mutuwar 1605 a kowace shekara na iya haifar da zafi na 1.5 na duniya kuma ana sa ran kashi 84% na waɗannan mutuwar su zama namiji Bank, European Investment (7 March 2024). "EIB Gender equality and women's economic empowerment - Overview 2024". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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