Tsibirin Yaudara

Tsibirin yaudara yana cikin tsibiran Kudancin Shetland kusa da tsibirin Antarctic tare da babbar tashar ruwa kuma galibi “lafiya”, wanda wani lokaci dutsen mai aman wuta ke shafa shi.  [ mafi kyau tushe da ake bukata ] Wannan tsibiri ita ce caldera na wani dutse mai aman wuta, wanda ya yi mummunar illa ga tashoshin kimiyya na gida a 1967 da 1969. Tsibirin a baya yana da tashar kifin kifi. Yanzu wurin yawon bude ido ne tare da maziyarta sama da 15,000 a kowace shekara. Argentina da Spain suna sarrafa tashoshin ][ a lokacin bazara.  Duk da yake ƙasashe daban-daban sun tabbatar da ikon mallaka, har yanzu ana gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin tsarin yarjejeniyar Antarctic, ma'ana ba ta da iko.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Da yake a cikin , tsibirin yana da siffar zagaye kuma yana da siffa, tare da matsakaicin diamita a kusa da kilomita  (9.3 . Babbar tudu, Dutsen Pond a gefen gabas na tsibirin, yana da tsawo na   , yayin da Dutsen Kirkwood a yamma yana da tsaunin   . Fiye da rabin (57%) na tsibirin an rufe shi da kankara har zuwa  m kauri, moraines mai kankara, ko pyroclasts da aka rufe da kankara. Tekun ya mamaye tsakiyar tsibirin don samar da babban bay, yanzu ana kiransa Port Foster, kimanin kilomita 10 (6.2  tsawo da kilomita 7 (4.3 mi) fadi. Bayin yana da ƙanƙanin ƙofar, kawai    a fadin, wanda ake kira Neptune's Bellows. Tashar jiragen ruwa wani kwandon da ke da shimfiɗa har zuwa    mai zurfi tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ruwa da dome. Tashar jiragen ruwa tana kewaye da wani Shelf na bakin teku mai zurfi tare da rairayin bakin teku masu yashi. Yankin bakin tekun tsibirin yana da halayen 30-70  ft) dutse ko kankara. 

Raven's Rock, haɗarin kewayawa, ya ta'allaka ne  ƙarƙashin ruwa a tsakiyar tashar. Kawai a cikin Neptune's Bellows ya ta'allaka ne da Cove Whalers Bay, wanda ke da iyaka da babban bakin tekun bakin yashi . Maars da yawa sun yi layi a gefen ciki na caldera, tare da wasu dauke da tafkunan ramuka (ciki har da wani mai suna Crater Lake). Wasu suna samar da bays a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, kamar  fadi Whalers Bay. Sauran fasalulluka na tsibirin sun hada da Dutsen Kirkwood, Fumarole Bay, Needles-Machine, Telefon Bay, da Telefon Ridge .

Layin Costa Recta wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan gabar gabas an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani sashi na kuskuren jirgin ruwa.

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2016 a Tsibirin Ardley, kilomita  (75  zuwa arewa maso gabas, ya bincika tafkin guano kuma ya yi nazarin yawan jama'ar penguin sama da shekaru 7,000. Uku daga cikin matakai biyar na ci gaban jama'a sun ƙare ta hanyar hadari na kwatsam, saboda fashewar dutsen wuta daga dutsen mai aiki na Deception Island .  Har yanzu ana gudanar da bincike kan tarihin fashewar dutse, amma manyan fashewar sun faru a cikin shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata.  

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Tsibirin yaudara shine ɓangaren da aka fallasa na dutsen ruwa mai aiki mai suna 30 km a diamita. Tsibirin wanka da alaƙa da yaduwar teku na Bransfield Basin wanda ya haɗa da dutsen dutse da tsaunuka masu tasowa tun daga Pleistocene. An samo nau'ikan ash na tsibirin Deception Island a wasu tsibirin Shetland ta Kudu, Bransfield Strait, Tekun Scotia da kuma kudancin ƙanƙara. Girgizar dutse ta yau da kullun ce, ta samo asali ne daga zurfin ƙasa da kilomita 10. Tarihin fashewa ya faru ne a cikin 1839-1842, 1967, 1969, da 1970. Smellie, J.L.; Lopez-Martinez, J. (2002). "Introduction". In Lopez-Martinez, J.; Smellie, J.L.; Thomson, J.W.; Thomson, M.R.A. (eds.). Geology and geomorphology of Deception Island. Bas Geomap Series. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey. pp. 1–4. ISSN 0951-8886. : Stratigraphy na tsibirin yana da halayyar pre-caldera Port Foster Group da post-caldera Mount Pond Group, duka biyu a cikin Deception Island Volcanic Complex. Babban tashoshin Port Foster Group suna a South Point, Cathedral Crags kusa da Entrance Point da arewacin Punta de la Descubierta, suna samar da tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa a bakin teku tare da yammacin tsibirin. Kungiyar ta kunshi Fumarole Bay Formation wanda ya kunshi hydrovolcanic tephra, Basaltic Shield Formation wanda ke kunshe da lavas da Strombolian scoria, da Outer Coast Tuff Formation wanda yake kunshe da lapilli-tuffs. Ƙungiyar Mount Pond ta mamaye ilimin ƙasa kuma ta ƙunshi tsarin pyroclastic Baily Head da Pendulum Cove, dukansu an Kafawa su ne a lokacin fashewar hydrovolcanic, da kuma Stonethrow Ridge Formation wanda ya ƙunshi tuff cone da ajiyar maar. Caldera ya rushe a matsayin ko dai fashewar hydrovolcanic na Outer Coast Tuff Formation, ya saki kimanin kilomita 30 na Magma, ko kuma ba tare da kwano dalili ba saboda tectonics na yanki, tunda tsibirin yana a tsakiya na Bransfield Strait rift da yankin karyewar Hero.    

 Muhimmin yanki na tsuntsaye 
Baily Head, wani shahararren tudu wanda ya zama ƙarshen gabashin tsibirin, an gano shi a matsayin Muhimmin yanki na tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa babban yanki na kiwo na chinstrap penguins (100,000 nau'i-nau'i).   IBA ya ƙunshi ƙanƙara marar ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta da kimanin mita 800 (0.50  na rairayin bakin teku a kowane gefen sa. Sauran tsuntsaye da aka sani suna yin gida a shafin sun hada da launin ruwan kasa, Cape petrels, da dusar ƙanƙara. 

 Manazarta 

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