Gudunmawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa

Gudunmawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa (NDCs) alƙawura ne da ƙasashe suka yi don rage hayakin da suke fitarwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na rage sauyin yanayi. Wadannan alkawurra sun hada da manufofi da matakan da suka dace don cimma burin duniya da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar Paris. Yarjejeniyar Paris tana da burin zafin jiki na dogon lokaci wanda shine kiyaye haɓakar yanayin zafin duniya zuwa ƙasa da 2 ° C (3.6 ° F) sama da matakan masana'antu. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma bayyana cewa zai fi dacewa iyakar karuwar ya zama 1.5 ° C (2.7 ° F). Don cimma wannan manufa ta zafin jiki, ya kamata a rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da wuri, kuma gwargwadon iyawa.[2] Don zama ƙasa da 1.5 ° C na dumamar yanayi, ana buƙatar rage fitar da hayaki da kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 nan da 2030. Wannan adadi yana la'akari da alkawuran kowace ƙasa ko NDCs.UNFCCC. "The Paris Agreement". unfccc.int. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

Hukumar ta NDC ta kunshi kokarin kowace kasa don rage fitar da hayaki na kasa da kuma dacewa da tasirin sauyin yanayi.Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich. "The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal". Climate Analytics. Retrieved 2022-01-29 Yarjejeniyar Paris tana buƙatar kowane ɗayan ɓangarorin 195 don shirya, sadarwa da kula da NDCs da ke bayyana abin da suke son cimmawa. Dole ne a sabunta NDCs kowace shekara biyar. NDCs kafin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na sauyin yanayi na 2025 ana kiransa NDC 3.0, kuma wasu ƙasashe sun buga su. Wasu suna tare da bayanai don sauƙaƙe bayyanannu, bayyanawa da fahimta (ICTU)."NDCs and ICTU Guidance" (PDF)

Kafin Yarjejeniyar Paris a 2015, ana kiran NDCs azaman gudummawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa (INDCs) kuma ba su da ɗauri. INDCs sun kasance na farko, alkawuran son rai da kasashe suka yi, yayin da NDCs sun fi jajircewa amma kuma ba su bi doka ba.

Matsakaicin raguwar hayaki yana buƙatar haɓaka da 80% sama da NDCs don yuwuwar cimma babban kewayon 2 °C na yarjejeniyar Paris (bayani kamar na 2021). Yiwuwar manyan masu fitar da iska sun hadu da NDCs ba tare da irin wannan karuwa ba yana da ƙasa sosai. Don haka, tare da abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu yuwuwar zama ƙasa da 2 ° C na dumama shine kawai 5% - kuma idan NDCs sun hadu kuma aka ci gaba da bayan-2030 ta duk tsarin sa hannu, yuwuwar zai zama 26%.

 Matsayi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris 
Gudunmawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa (NDCs) ita ce "a cikin tsakiyar yarjejeniyar Paris da cimma burinta na dogon lokaci".

Wannan sashe wani yanki ne daga Yarjejeniyar Paris § Gudunmawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa.[gyara gyara]

Kasashe ne ke tantance kansu irin gudunmawar da ya kamata su bayar domin cimma manufofin yarjejeniyar. Don haka, waɗannan tsare-tsare ana kiransu gudummawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa (NDCs). Mataki na 3 yana buƙatar NDCs su kasance "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" don "cimma manufar wannan Yarjejeniyar" da kuma "wakiltar ci gaba a kan lokaci". Dole ne a saita gudummawar a kowace shekara biyar kuma sakatariyar UNFCCC za ta yi rajista. Duk wani buri na gaba ya kamata ya zama mai buri fiye da na baya, wanda aka sani da ka'idar ci gaba. Kasashe za su iya ba da hadin kai da hada gudummuwarsu ta kasa baki daya. Gudunmawar da aka yi niyya ta ƙasa da aka yi alkawari yayin taron sauyin yanayi na 2015 ana canza su zuwa NDCs lokacin da ƙasa ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Paris, sai dai idan sun gabatar da sabuntawa.Staff (22 November 2019). "National Climate Action under the Paris Agreement". World Resources Institute. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

Yarjejeniyar Paris ba ta tsara ainihin yanayin NDCs ba. A taƙaice, ya kamata su ƙunshi tanadin ragewa, amma kuma suna iya ƙunsar alkawura kan daidaitawa, kuɗi, canja wurin fasaha, haɓaka iya aiki da bayyana gaskiya. Wasu daga cikin alkawurran da aka yi a cikin NDCs ba su da wani sharadi, amma wasu suna da sharuɗɗa na waje kamar samun kudi da tallafin fasaha, buri daga wasu bangarori ko cikakkun bayanai na ka'idojin yarjejeniyar Paris da ba a tsara ba. Yawancin NDCs suna da abin da ya dace.

Yayin da su kansu NDCs ba su dauri, hanyoyin da ke tattare da su. Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da wajibcin shiryawa, sadarwa da kula da NDCs masu zuwa, saita sabon kowace shekara biyar, da ba da bayani game da aiwatarwa. Babu wata hanyar da za ta tilastawa wata ƙasa saita manufa ta NDC ta takamaiman kwanan wata, ko cimma burinsu. Za a sami suna da tsarin kunya kawai ko kuma kamar yadda János Pásztor, tsohon mataimakin babban sakatare na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi ya bayyana, shirin "suna da ƙarfafawa"Falk, Pamela (12 December 2015). "Climate negotiators strike deal to slow global warming". CBS News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.

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