Formentera

Formentera ( ,  ) tsibiri ne na Sipaniya dake cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, wanda ke cikin al'ummar tsibirin Balearic mai cin gashin kansa tare da Mallorca, Menorca, da Ibiza .

Formentera ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi kudancin tsibirin Tsibirin Pityusic (wanda ya haɗa da Ibiza da Formentera kanta, da kuma ƙananan tsibirai daban-daban). Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 83.24 (32.14 sq , gami da tsibirai na bakin teku. A ƙidayar shekara ta 2011, yawan jama'a ya kai 10,583; bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta 1 ga Janairun 2021,  ya ƙidaya mazauna 11,891, yayin da ƙididdigar hukuma a 1 ga Janairu 2023 ta kasance 11,389. 

 Tarihi 
An ce sunan tsibirin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin frumentarium, ma'ana "granary". An mamaye tsibirin a zamanin da, ya koma 2,000-1,600 BC. Shafukan archaeological daga wannan lokacin sun kasance a Ca na Costa,  Cap de Barbaria (shafukan da yawa)  da Cova des Fum.  Mutanen Carthaginians sun mamaye tsibirin kafin su wuce ga Romawa na dā. A cikin ƙarni masu zuwa, ya wuce ga Visigoths, Byzantines, Vandals, da Larabawa. A cikin 1109, Formentera ya kasance makasudin mummunar hari da Sarkin Norway Sigurd I ya kai a kan shugabancin Crusade na Norway. James I mai cin nasara ya ci tsibirin, ya kara da shi ga kambin Aragon kuma daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Masarautar Majorca ta zamani.

Daga 1403 zuwa farkon karni na 18, barazanar hare-haren 'yan fashi na Barbary ya sa tsibirin ya zama ba a iya zama ba. A ranar 17 ga Yuni 1651, a lokacin Yaƙin Franco-Spanish (1635-1659), ƙungiyar jiragen ruwa na Mutanen Espanya a ƙarƙashin John na Austria the Younger sun kama jirgin ruwa na Faransa Lion Couronné daga wannan tsibirin.

Tsibirin da tsibirai da ke kewaye da shi sun zama majalisa mai zaman kanta tare da yankin da ake kira karamar hukuma bayan 1977. Kafin wannan, an gudanar da shi a cikin tsohon majalisa na tsibirin Ibiza da Formentera (wanda ke rufe dukkan rukunin tsibirin Pityusic), amma a cikin wani yanki daban wanda ya riga ya rufe garin Formentera na yanzu. Wannan gyare-gyare ya ba Ibiza damar hada yankinta na kananan hukumomi biyar tare da sabon majalisa, wanda ba ya gudanar da Formentera.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Babban tsibirin Formentera yana da tsawon kilomita 19 (12  kuma yana da nisan kilomita 6 (4  kudu da Ibiza a cikin Bahar Rum. Fiye da haka Formentera wani bangare ne na iyakar Tekun Balearic, wanda shine ɓangaren arewa maso yammacin Tekun Bahar Rum. Manyan ƙauyukanta sune Sant Francesc Xavier, Sant Ferran de ses Roques, El Pilar de La Mola (a kan tsibirin La Mola), La Savina, da Es Pujols, mafi mahimmancin wurin yawon bude ido na tsibirin.

Formentera ya ƙunshi gundumomi guda ɗaya, wanda kuma ake kira Formentera, kuma yana da yawan jama'a 11,981 (kamar na 1 ga Janairu 2021). Yankin ƙasarsa shine    . An raba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyin farar hula da yawa ( parròquies ), da kansu an raba su zuwa vendas ( véndes a cikin Catalan).

Arewacin Formentera yana cikin Espalmador (a cikin Catalan: Illa de S'Espalmador), tsibiri na biyu mafi girma a cikin tsibirin Pitiusas, kewaye da wasu ƙananan tsibirai.

Espalmador wani tombolo ne, wanda aka raba shi da babban tsibirin Formentera ta hanyar yashi mai zurfi. Wannan yanki sanannen wurin tsayawa ne ga waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa da ke tsakanin Ibiza da Formentera.

 Yanayi 
Formentera tana da yanayi mai tsaka-tsaki tare da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushewa sosai da dumi, hunturu mai bushe. Yanayin tsibirin yana nufin cewa ruwan sama ba shi da yawa kuma zafin jiki daidai ne. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 370-420 mm. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-sheko yana tsakanin 17 da 18 ° C. Gabaɗaya, yanayin yana da sauƙi, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na digiri 18.6 na Celsius da sa'o'i 2883 na hasken rana na shekara- shekara-sheko a matsakaici.  

 Gudanarwa 

 Gwamnatin tsibirin 
Ana gudanar da zabe a kowace shekara huɗu a lokaci guda tare da zaɓen kananan hukumomi. Daga 1983 zuwa 2007, an zabi 'yan majalisa ta hanyar kai tsaye daga sakamakon zaben zuwa Majalisar dokokin tsibirin Balearic don mazabar Ibiza da Formentera (sa'an nan kuma sun kafa majalisar tsibirin guda ɗaya, tare da Formentèra ta aika da mai ba da shawara guda ɗaya ga majalisar da majalisar tsibirin). Tun daga shekara ta 2007, duk da haka, ana gudanar da zabubbuka kai tsaye don zabar Majalisar Tsibirin Formentera, tare da kujeru 17 a halin yanzu (yana aikawa daya kawai zuwa Majalisar Balearic).

 Sakamakon zaben ga tsohon Majalisar Tsibirin Ibiza da Formentera 
Masu ba da shawara na tsibirin na Majalisar tsibirin Ibiza da Formentera tsakanin 1978 da 200752x52px ZaɓuɓɓukaRarrabaShugaban kasa1979246Cosme Vidal Juan (ICIF-CD, CP) 19835161987517Antoni Marí (PP) 1991517199514171999166Pilar Costa (Pacte Progresista) 2003517Pere Palau (PP) 

 Sakamakon zaben Majalisar Tsibirin Formentera 
Masu ba da shawara na tsibirin na Majalisar tsibirin Formentera tun 200747x47px ZaɓuɓɓukaRarrabaShugaban kasa20075224Jaume Ferrer Ribas (GxF) 2011625201592242019656Alejandra Ferrer (GxF)  Ana Juan (PSIB-PSOE)  2023539Llorenç Córdoba (Sa Unió, Mai zaman kansa) (2023-2024) 5318Òscar Portas (Sa Unió) (2024-) 

 Abubuwan jan hankali 
Tun daga shekarun 1960, Formentera ya kasance sanannen wuri ga Hippies. Formentera sananne ne a duk faɗin Turai saboda yawancin rairayin bakin teku masu tsabta da kuma gaskiyar cewa an ba da izinin wanka a rana a yawancin rairayinta.

A cikin tarihinta, Formentera ya kasance batun tatsuniyoyi da yawa, waɗanda sanannun marubuta suka rubuta a cikin litattafai kamar Jules Verne, da kuma waƙoƙin mawaƙa kamar Gilberto Gil da Pink Floyd. Daga wannan sha'awar fasaha, ana gudanar da Bikin Jazz na Formentera na shekara-shekara a farkon watan Yuni kuma yana nuna yawancin mawaƙa masu tasowa da kuma kafawa daga cikin gida da na duniya.

An haifi marubucin Kanada Patrick Roscoe a Formentera .  Joni Mitchell ta rubuta kundi na 1971 Blue a Tsibirin yayin da Bob Dylan ya taɓa barci a Far de la Mola a tsibirin. Marubucin Matt Haig ya kuma rubuta game da ziyartar tsibirin sau da yawa a cikin shekaru ashirin a cikin Reasons to Stay Alive .  Waƙar buɗewa ta King Crimson album Islands, Formentera Lady, an sanya masa suna ne bayan tsibirin. James Taylor ya kuma yi aiki a kan waƙarsa mai suna Carolina in My Mind a hutu daga yin rikodi tare da Apple Records, kodayake ya fara rubuta shi a London kuma ya kammala shi a tsibirin Ibiza da ke kusa.

Hasumiyar Hasumiyar Cap de Barbaria tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din Julio Medem na 2001 na Mutanen Espanya, Jima'i da Lucia (Lucía y el sexo), wanda aka yi fim a tsibirin kuma ya zama dutse mai mahimmanci ga dangantakar da aka haɗa da haruffa daban-daban.

Kodayake Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa suna ba da damar shiga duk sassan tsibirin kuma ana hayar motoci cikin sauƙi a tashar jiragen ruwa, mutane da yawa suna zaɓar hayar motocin ko ma kekuna saboda yanayin mafi yawan tsibirin da kuma wadatar waƙoƙin keke a wurare da yawa.

Tsibirin kuma yana da Hasumiyoyin Martello guda huɗu.

 Sufuri 
Ba tare da filin jirgin sama ba, tsibirin a baya ana iya isa shi ne kawai ta jirgin ruwa daga Ibiza, yana mai da shi mafi nutsuwa daga tsibirai biyu, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sabis na fasinja na yau da kullun daga ƙasar Spain ya karu da yawon bude ido.

Ana samun tikitin jirgin ruwa daga Ibiza a gaba, kamar yadda ake canja wurin daga filin jirgin sama na Ibiza ko tashar jiragen ruwa kai tsaye zuwa masauki a Formentera.

Jiragen ruwa zuwa Formentera suna aiki daga tashar su a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ibiza, tare da tashi kowane rabin sa'a a cikin babban lokacin a kan manyan (200+ fasinja) catamarans masu sauri. Tafiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin minti 30 wanda ya ƙunshi minti 10 daga Ibiza, minti 10 ƙetare teku, da minti 10 zuwa Formentera bayan isthmus zuwa Espalmador.

Wasu daga cikin anchorages bazai dace da jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau ba.

Ana magana da bambancin Ibizan (eivissenc) na yankin na Yaren Balearic na Harshen Catalan a Formentera. Duk da yake harsunan hukuma sune Catalan da Mutanen Espanya, wasu manyan harsuna kamar Turanci, Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci da Yaren mutanen Holland ana iya jin su sosai a lokacin rani saboda yawon shakatawa.

 Wasanni 
Daga 1 ga Satumba zuwa 7 ga Satumba, Formentera ta dauki bakuncin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Techno 293 OD ta 2007 a cikin iska don matasa a ƙarƙashin 15 da matasa a ƙarƙashin 17. 

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba