Cire carbon dioxide

Kawar da Carbon Dioxide (CDR) wani tsari ne wanda ake cire carbon dioxide (CO2) daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar ayyukan ɗan adam da gangan kuma ana adana shi cikin ɗorewa a cikin tafkunan ƙasa, ƙasa, ko teku, ko cikin samfuran:2221 Wannan tsari kuma ana kiransa da cire carbon, cirewar iska mai iska ko gurɓataccen iska. CDR yana ƙara haɗawa da manufofin sauyin yanayi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun rage sauyin yanayi. Samun ci gaba da fitar da sifili zai buƙaci da farko mai zurfi da ɗorewa a cikin hayaki, sa'an nan kuma - bugu da ƙari - amfani da CDR ("CDR shine abin da ke sanya gidan yanar gizon zuwa cikin sifirin sifili"). A nan gaba, CDR na iya daidaita ma'aunin hayakin da ke da wahalar kawar da shi a fasaha, kamar wasu hayakin noma da masana'antu.: 114 

CDR ya haɗa da hanyoyin da ake aiwatarwa a ƙasa ko a cikin tsarin ruwa. Hanyoyin da ke ƙasa sun haɗa da gandun daji, sake dasa bishiyoyi, ayyukan noma waɗanda ke hana carbon a cikin ƙasa (aikin noma na carbon), bioenergy tare da Kamawa da adanawa na carbon (BECCS), da kama iska kai tsaye tare da ajiya. Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyin CDR da ke amfani da teku da sauran ruwa. Wadannan ana kiransu taki na teku, haɓaka alkalinity na teku,  sabuntawa da kuma kusanci na carbon mai launin shudi. Ana buƙatar yin cikakken bincike don tantance yawan fitarwa mara kyau da wani tsari ke samu. Wannan bincike ya haɗa da nazarin sake zagayowar rayuwa da " saka idanu, bayar da rahoto, da tabbatarwa" (MRV) na dukan tsari. Ba a ɗaukar kama da adana carbon (CCS) a matsayin CDR saboda CCS ba ya rage adadin carbon dioxide da ya riga ya kasance a cikin yanayi.

Ya zuwa , an kiyasta CDR don cire kusan 2 gigatons na CO a kowace shekara. Wannan daidai yake da kusan 4% na iskar gas da ake fitarwa a kowace shekara ta ayyukan ɗan adam. : 8 Akwai yiwuwar cirewa da kuma rufe har zuwa 10 gigatons na carbon dioxide a kowace shekara ta amfani da waɗancan hanyoyin CDR waɗanda za a iya tura su lafiya da tattalin arziki yanzu. Koyaya, ƙididdigar ainihin adadin carbon dioxide da aka cire daga yanayi ta hanyar CDR yana da wahala.

 Matsayi 
Ana iya sanya hanyoyin CDR a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban waɗanda suka dogara da ka'idoji daban-daban: :

 Matsayi a cikin sake zagayowar carbon (ƙasa ta ƙasa; ƙwayoyin halitta na teku; geochemical; sunadarai); ko
 Lokaci na ajiya (shekaru zuwa ƙarni; ƙarni zuwa dubban shekaru; shekaru dubu ko fiye) 

 Ka'idoji ta amfani da irin wannan kalmar 
CDR na iya rikicewa tare da kamawa da adana carbon (CCS), tsari wanda ake tattara carbon dioxide daga tushe irin su tashoshin wutar lantarki na gas, wanda hayaki ke fitar da CO="true" id="mwuA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO a cikin rafi mai mahimmanci. Ana matse CO2 kuma ana hana shi ko amfani da shi. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don rufe carbon daga tashar wutar lantarki mai amfani da iskar gas, CCS yana rage hayaki daga ci gaba da amfani da tushen ma'anar, amma ba ya rage adadin carbon dioxide da ya riga ya kasance a cikin yanayi.

 Matsayi a cikin sauyin yanayi 
Amfani da CDR yana rage yawan abin da mutane ke ƙara carbon dioxide zuwa yanayi. :: 114  Yanayin zafin jiki na duniya zai daidaita ne kawai bayan an rage hayaki na duniya zuwa sifili, wanda zai buƙaci ƙoƙari mai tsanani don rage hayaki da kuma CDR. :: 114  Ba zai yiwu a kawo hayaki ba tare da CDR ba saboda wasu nau'ikan hayaki suna da wuyar kawarwa. :: 1261  Emissions cewa ne wuya a kawar sun hada da nitrous oxide emissions daga noma, :: 114  aviation emissions, : 3 da wasu masana'antu hayaki. :: 114  A cikin dabarun rage sauyin yanayi, amfani da CDR yana daidaita waɗannan hayaki. : 114 : 114 

Bayan an sami iskar hayaki, ana iya amfani da CDR don rage yawan  na yanayi, wanda zai iya juyar da yanayin zafi wanda ya riga ya faru a wannan ranar.IPCC (2022). Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; Slade, R.; Al Khourdajie, A.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (PDF). Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press (In Press). doi:10.1017/9781009157926. ISBN 9781009157926. Duk hanyoyin fitarwa da ke iyakance dumamar duniya zuwa 1.5 ° C ko 2 ° C ta shekara ta 2100 suna ɗaukar amfani da CDR a hade tare da rage fitarwa.Rogelj, J., D. Shindell, K. Jiang, S. Fifita, P. Forster, V. Ginzburg, C. Handa, H. Kheshgi, S. Kobayashi, E. Kriegler, L. Mundaca, R. Séférian, and M.V.Vilariño, 2018: Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development. In: Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 93-174.   

 Tattaunawa da haɗari 
Masu sukar sun nuna cewa ba za a dauki CDR a matsayin maye gurbin ragewar da ake buƙata a cikin hayakin gas ba. Oceanographer David Ho ya tsara shi kamar haka a cikin 2023 "Dole ne mu daina magana game da tura CDR a matsayin mafita a yau, lokacin da hayaki ya kasance mai girma - kamar dai ta wata hanya ya maye gurbin raguwar hayaki nan take.

Dogaro da tura CDR mai yawa an dauke shi a cikin 2018 a matsayin "babban haɗari" don cimma burin kasa da 1.5 ° C na dumama, saboda rashin tabbas game da yadda za'a iya tura CDR da sauri a sikelin. Shirye-shiryen rage canjin yanayi waɗanda ba su dogara da CDR ba kuma sun fi amfani da makamashi mai ɗorewa suna ɗaukar ƙasa da wannan haɗari. 

An bayyana yiwuwar tura CDR a nan gaba a matsayin Hadarin ɗabi'a'a, saboda zai iya haifar da raguwa a kokarin da ke kusa don rage canjin yanayi.Rogelj, J., D. Shindell, K. Jiang, S. Fifita, P. Forster, V. Ginzburg, C. Handa, H. Kheshgi, S. Kobayashi, E. Kriegler, L. Mundaca, R. Séférian, and M.V.Vilariño, 2018: Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development. In: Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 93-174. doi:10.1017/9781009157940.004 :: 124   Koyaya, rahoton NASEM na 2019 ya kammala: "Duk wata hujja don jinkirta ƙoƙarin ragewa saboda NETs za ta samar da baya sosai ba daidai ba ne game da ƙarfin su na yanzu da yiwuwar saurin ci gaban bincike". 

CDR ana nufin ya kara kokarin da aka yi a bangarorin da ke da wuyar raguwa maimakon maye gurbin ragewa. Ƙuntata canjin yanayi zuwa 1.5 °C da kuma cimma fitar da hayaki zai haifar da cire carbon dioxide mai yawa (CDR) daga yanayi a tsakiyar karni, amma yawan CDR da ake buƙata a matakin ƙasa a tsawon lokaci ba a bayyane yake ba. Rarrabawar daidaito na CDR, a lokuta da yawa, ya wuce ikon ajiyar ƙasa da carbon. Kasashe da yawa suna da ko dai kasa mara isasshen ƙasa don ba da gudummawa ga daidaitattun rabon CDR na duniya ko kuma kasa isasshen ƙarfin ajiyar ƙasa. 

Masana kuma suna nuna iyakokin zamantakewa da muhalli don cire carbon dioxide, kamar yankin ƙasar da ake buƙata. Misali, hadewar bukatun ƙasa na shirye-shiryen cirewa kamar yadda aka ƙaddara gudummawar duniya a cikin 2023 ya kai hekta biliyan 1.2. wanda ya yi daidai da jimlar girman gonakin amfanin gona na duniya.

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba