Daidaitawar yanayin halittu

Daidaitawar yanayin muhalli (EBA ko EbA) ya ƙunshi manyan hanyoyin da za su saba da canjin yanayi. Dukansu sun haɗa da gudanar da yanayin halittu da ayyukansu don rage raunin al'ummomin ɗan adam ga tasirin canjin yanayi. Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity (CBD) ta bayyana EBA a matsayin "amfani da biodiversity da sabis na muhalli a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun daidaitawa gaba ɗaya don taimakawa mutane su daidaita da mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi".  

EbA ya haɗa da kiyayewa, Gudanarwa mai ɗorewa da Maido da yanayin halittu, kamar gandun daji, ciyawa, filayen ruwa, mangroves ko coral reefs don rage tasirin Hadarin yanayi ciki har da sauyawa ko matakan ruwan sama, canje-canje a matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi, guguwa mai ƙarfi, da kuma yanayin yanayi mai yawa. Ana iya aiwatar da matakan EbA da kansu ko kuma a hade tare da hanyoyin injiniya (kamar gina Yankunan ruwa ko dyke), matakan haɗin gwiwa (kamar reefs na wucin gadi) da hanyoyin da ke ƙarfafa ƙarfin mutane da cibiyoyi don magance haɗarin yanayi (kamar gabatar da Tsarin gargadi na farko).

Shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tsakanin masana kimiyya, masu tsara manufofi, da membobin al'umma wani muhimmin bangare ne na Adaptation-Based Ecosystem. Ta hanyar amfani da ƙwarewar masana na waje da mazauna yankin, EbA tana neman samar da mafita ta musamman ga matsaloli na musamman, maimakon kawai yin kwaikwayon ayyukan da suka gabata."ebaflagship.org" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.

EbA an kafa shi ne a cikin babban ra'ayi na mafita da abubuwan da suka danganci yanayi kuma suna da alaƙa da abubuwa na yau da kullun tare da wasu hanyoyi daban-daban don gina juriya na tsarin zamantakewar muhalli. Wadannan hanyoyin sun hada da daidaitawa na al'umma, rage haɗarin bala'i na yanayin halittu, Aikin noma mai basira, da kayan aikin kore, kuma sau da yawa suna mai da hankali kan amfani da matakai masu shiga tsakani da hadawa da kuma shiga cikin al'umma / masu ruwa da tsaki. An inganta manufar EbA ta hanyar tarurruka na kasa da kasa, gami da matakai na Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC)  da CBD. Kasashe da yawa suna yin nassoshi a bayyane ga EbA a cikin dabarun su don daidaitawa da canjin yanayi da Gudummawar da aka ƙayyade a ƙasa (NDCs) a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Paris.

Duk da yake shingen da ke tattare da EbA ta hanyar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da masu yanke shawara suna da mahimmanci, hadin kai don samar da kyakkyawar fahimta game da yiwuwar EbA an kafa shi sosai tsakanin masu bincike, masu ba da shawara, da masu aiki daga kiyaye yanayi da kungiyoyin ci gaba masu ɗorewa. Ana kallon EbA a matsayin ingantacciyar hanyar magance kalubalen da ke tattare da canjin yanayi da talauci a kasashe masu tasowa, inda mutane da yawa suka dogara da albarkatun kasa don rayuwarsu da rayuwarsu.

 Bayani na gaba ɗaya 
Adaptation-tushen yanayin muhalli (EbA) ya bayyana hanyoyi daban-daban don daidaitawa da Canjin yanayi, dukansu sun haɗa da gudanar da yanayin muhallu don rage rauni ga al'ummomin ɗan adam ga Tasirin canjin yanayi kamar guguwa da lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa ga dukiyar jiki, rushewar bakin teku, salinisation na albarkatun ruwa mai laushi, da asarar aikin gona. EbA tana kwance a wurin haɗuwa da sauyin yanayi, Ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kiyaye halittu iri-iri (duba Hoto 1).

Duk da yake al'ummomi koyaushe suna amfani da ayyukan yanayin halittu, an kirkiro kalmar Adaptation na tushen yanayin halittu a cikin 2008 ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN) da cibiyoyin membobinta a Taron Yarjejeniyar Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 2008. An bayyana EbA a hukumance a cikin 2009 a Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Taron Bambancin Halitta.

 Daidaitawa ga haɗarin canjin yanayi 
Tsarin halittu mai lafiya yana ba da muhimman ayyukan halittu waɗanda zasu iya ba da gudummawa ga daidaitawar canjin yanayi. Misali, yanayin halittu na mangrove mai lafiya yana ba da kariya daga tasirin canjin yanayi, sau da yawa ga wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fama da rauni a duniya, ta hanyar shan ƙarfin ruwa da guguwar guguwa, daidaitawa da hauhawar matakan teku, da kuma daidaita bakin teku daga rushewa. EbA tana mai da hankali kan fa'idodin da mutane ke samu daga bambancin halittu da sabis na yanayin halittu da kuma yadda za'a iya amfani da waɗannan fa'idodi don sarrafa haɗarin tasirin canjin yanayi. Daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi yana da gaggawa musamman a Kasashe masu tasowa kuma yawancin Ƙananan Tsibirin da ke tasowa waɗanda suka riga sun fuskanci wasu daga cikin manyan tasirin canjin yanayi, suna da tattalin arzikin da ke da matukar damuwa ga rushewa, kuma suna da ƙarancin iya daidaitawa.

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