Asibiti da Gudanar da Kiwon Lafiya

Rukunin Bugawa na OMICS ƙwararren mawallafi ne na buɗaɗɗen mujallu na ilimi. abuga mujallar ta farko a cikin 2008.  A shekara ta 2015, ta yi ikirarin sama da mujallu 700, kodayake kusan rabinsu sun lalace.[9]  Kamfanonin sa da samfuransa sun haɗa da Allied Academies, Series Series LLC LTD, EuroSciCon LTD, Hilaris Publishing, iMedPub LTD, International Online Medical Council (IOMC), Longdom Publishing SL, Meetings International, Prime Scholars, Pulsus Group, Bincike & Reviews, SciTechnol, Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Inc, Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar IT, Walwala Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, da Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, da Walwar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Lafiya,.

OMICS ta fuskanci hari daga malamai da€ dama da gwamnatin Amurka kan ingancin bitar takwarorinsu na mujallolin OMICS, da dacewa da kudadenta da tallace-tallacen ta, da kuma bayyanar da tallan sunayen masana kimiyya a matsayin masu gyara mujallu ko masu magana da taro ba tare da saninsu ko izininsu ba.. [<span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (March 2023)">excessive citations</span>] The U.S. National Institutes of Health sent a cease-and-desist letter to OMICS in 2013, demanding it to discontinue with false claims of affiliation with U.S. government entities or employees. In August 2016, OMICS became the first academic publisher to be sued by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for deceptive practices; nearly three years later, the FTC was awarded a summary judgement of over US$50 million.

OMICS ta mayar da martani ga zargi ta hanyar bayyana jajircewar budewa, tana mai da'awar cewa masu sukar su ne masu wallafa na gargajiya waɗanda ke jin barazanar tsarin bugawa na budewa. Ya amsa karar FTC ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa ayyukansu na doka ne kuma yana da'awar cewa bukatun kamfanoni suna jagorantar karar. Har ila yau, ya yi barazanar wani shahararren mai sukar, Jeffrey Beall, tare da karar dala biliyan 1 don ɓata suna.

 Tarihi 
OMICS Publishing Group an kafa ta ne a cikin 2007 ta hanyar Gedela Srinubabu,  wanda ya kasance darektan kamfanin.  Ya kafa OMICS saboda wahalar da yake da ita wajen samun damar samun abubuwan da ke cikin mujallar tsada a matsayin dalibi na PhD.

Ya fara mujallar budewa ta farko, Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, a cikin 2008.  A cikin 2012, OMICS Group tana da sunayen jarida sama da 200, kusan kashi 60% daga cikinsu ba su da abun ciki. A shekara ta 2015, ta yi ikirarin sunayen sarauta sama da 700, amma kusan rabin su sun mutu. Yawancin mujallu na OMICS suna da sunayen da suka yi kama da wallafe-wallafen da ke akwai. Misali, BioMed Central ta kafa <i id="mwsw">Jaridar Kimiyya ta Biomedical<u id="mwtA">s</u></i> a cikin 1994,  yayin da OMICS ta kafa Jarutar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya a cikin 2012. 

OMICS ta dauki ma'aikata kusan mutane 2,000. A cikin 2016, kamfanin yana da kudaden shiga na dala miliyan 11.6 kuma ya samar da ribar kusan dala miliyan 1.2.  Gwamnatin Indiya ta yi watsi da haraji yayin da take ba da ƙasa mai tallafi don gina sabon hedkwatar.

 Ayyukan bugawa 
OMICS tana aiki akan samfurin buɗe ido na zinari, inda marubucin ya biya kuɗin bugawa kuma mawallafin ya samar da labaran kyauta.  Hakazalika kudaden bugawa, OMICS na cajin kuɗin cirewa na rubutun da aka cire kwanaki biyar ko fiye bayan ƙaddamarwa. Irin waɗannan kudaden janyewa ba masu bugawa ba ne ke karɓar su, kuma an soki su a matsayin marasa ɗabi'a kuma suna hana ,masu bincike yin gyare-gyare bayan gabatarwar aikinsu.

Baya ga buga mujallu, OMICS kuma tana shirya taro. A cikin 2017, an shirya irin waɗannan tarurruka kusan 3,000. Hannun taron ya kai kusan kashi 60% na kudaden shiga na OMICS.

A cikin 2012 OMICS ta ƙaddamar da ƙarin rukuni na ƙarin mujallu 53 a ƙarƙashin sunan 'SciTechnol',  duk da haka tun daga 2021 shafin yanar gizon SciTechnol bai bayyana wannan dangantakar ba.

 Rashin amincewa da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen 
OMICS an dauke shi a matsayin Mai bugawa mai cin zarafi.Jeffrey Beall&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2014-12-18&quot;},&quot;website&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Scholarly Open Access&quot;},&quot;url-status&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;dead&quot;},&quot;archive-url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20151022141644/https://scholarlyoa.com/2014/12/18/the-omics-publishing-groups-empire-is-expanding/&quot;},&quot;archive-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2015-10-22&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAn0\">&nbsp;</span><cite about=\"#mwt104\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBeall2014\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"237\" href=\"./Jeffrey_Beall\" id=\"mwAn4\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Jeffrey Beall\">Beall, Jeffrey</a> (18 December 2014). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151022141644/https://scholarlyoa.com/2014/12/18/the-omics-publishing-groups-empire-is-expanding/\" id=\"mwAn8\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"The OMICS Publishing Group's Empire is Expanding\"</a>. <i id=\"mwAoA\">Scholarly Open Access</i>. Archived from <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://scholarlyoa.com/2014/12/18/the-omics-publishing-groups-empire-is-expanding/\" id=\"mwAoE\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">the original</a> on 22 October 2015.</cite>"}}" id="cite_ref-Beall2014_3-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./OMICS_Publishing_Group#cite_note-Beall2014-3 [1]] Ya kasance mai zargi, musamman daga Jeffrey Beall, wanda ya haɗa da OMICS a cikin jerin sunayen "masu iyawa, mai yiwuwa, ko mai yiwuwa". Daga cikin zarge-zarge da aka yi wa OMICS sune cewa ba a sake nazarin mujallu ba kamar yadda aka tallata, sau da yawa suna dauke da kurakurai, kuma kudaden sa sun wuce gona da iri. OMICS ta ce ayyukanta na halal ne kuma na ɗabi'a, kuma cewa ingancin kulawar edita yana buƙatar ingantawa. Sauran zargi na OMICS sun haɗa da bugawa na labaran pseudoscientific,  ayyukan tallace-tallace na yaudara,  da niyyar matasa masu bincike ko waɗanda ke cikin yankuna masu karamin karfi,   da kuma riƙe takardu ta hanyar hana janyewar su (hana su daga bugawa ta wasu mujallu).

An kuma ba da shawarar cewa OMICS tana ba da jerin sunayen karya na masana kimiyya a matsayin masu gyara mujallu don ƙirƙirar ra'ayi na halattaccen ''Kimiyya, duk da cewa ba su da hannu a kowane bita ko tsarin gyara. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan Babban edita ya tuntubi Kimiyya, kuma ya bayyana cewa bai taɓa yin aiki da takardu ba;  a cikin wata hira da The Hindu'', wani ya ce ba a sanar da shi game da editan da ake tsammani ba.  Sauran masana kimiyya sun ce OMICS ta buga labaran da ba a canza su ba duk da bukatar da suke yi na sake dubawa. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya yi jinkiri don cire sunayen mambobin kwamitin edita waɗanda suka nemi su dakatar da dangantakarsu da ayyukan OMICS, a wasu lokuta suna ɗaukar kusan shekaru biyu. Ɗaya daga cikin marubuta ya karɓi lissafi na $ 2,700 bayan an karɓi takarda; ba a ambaci wannan kuɗin a cikin saƙon imel ɗin da OMICS ta aiko mata don neman gabatarwar ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012, yayin da wata mujallar OMICS ta ki amincewa da takarda bayan mai bita ya lura cewa an kwace shi daga ɗayan takardun da ya rubuta, wata mujallu ta OMICS da ta buga wannan takarda daga baya a wannan shekarar. Lokacin da mai bita ya sake nuna wannan, an cire takarda daga shafin yanar gizon OMICS a cikin 2014, amma ba a buga wani janyewar hukuma ba. A cikin 2013, wata mujallar OMICS ta yarda da wani wallafe-wallafen da aka gabatar a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin sting ta Kimiyya.   Masu sukar suna tabbatar da cewa babban manufar mai bugawa shine kasuwanci maimakon ilimi.  

A watan Satumbar 2014, PubMed ta Tsakiya ta sanya mujallu na OMICS, tana da'awar damuwa mai tsanani game da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen OMICS. A cikin 2017, Scopus ya cire mujallu da yawa na OMICS don "damuwar bugawa".

Binciken Bloomberg News a cikin 2017 ya lura da halin da kamfanonin magunguna ke yi don bugawa a cikin waɗannan mujallu, wanda zai iya samo asali ne daga son kai wajen tsallake hanyoyin bita masu tsauri. Sun kuma kasance manyan masu tallafawa taron OMICS.

 Taron OMICS 
A cikin 2013, Jeffrey Beall ya ba da rahoton cewa OMICS ta kara da gudanar da "tarurruka masu cin zarafi" ga ayyukan wallafe-wallafen ta  ciki har da karkashin tutar ConferenceSeries.  Beall ya soki shirye-shiryen kudi don taron OMICS kuma ya bukaci dukkan malamai da su guji yin hulɗa da waɗannan taron.

Misali na irin wannan taron shine Taron Kasa da Kasa na 2016 kan Kimiyya ta Atomic da Nukiliya, wanda ConferenceSeries ta Siriya, kuma an gayyaci Christoph Bartneck, farfesa a fannin Fasahar Bayanai a Jami'ar Canterbury ta New Zealand. Tare da ƙarancin ilimin kimiyyar nukiliya, Bartneck ya yi amfani da aikin iOS na kai tsaye don rubuta takarda, yana zaɓar bazuwar daga shawarwarinsa bayan fara kowane jumla,  kuma ya gabatar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan Iris Pear (wani bayani ga Siri da Apple).  Misali na jumla daga abstract don sakamakon rubutun shine: "Automs na sararin samaniya mafi kyau za su sami dama ga wannan hanyar da za mu kasance wuri mai girma na babban lokaci don jin daɗin ranar kai mutum ne mai ban mamaki ga babban lokacinka don jin daɗin jin daɗi da jin daɗin babban rana za ku kasance lokaci mai ban mamaki don iyayensu da yara, " kuma kalma ta 516 ta ƙunshi kalmomin "mai kyau" da "babban" jimlar sau 28. Duk da kasancewa a bayyane wauta, an yarda da aikin a cikin sa'o'i uku na gabatarwar kuma an nemi kuɗin rajistar taron na $ 1,099 .  Bartneck ya yi sharhi cewa "yana da tabbacin cewa wannan taron samar da kuɗi ne ba tare da wani sadaukarwa ga kimiyya ba," sharhi da ya dogara da rashin ingancin tsarin bita da tsadar halarta. Gedela ta ce takardar Bartneck "ta shiga" saboda an gabatar da ita "kusa da lokacin da aka ƙayyade".

A wani misali, Tom Spears na Ottawa Citizen ya mika wuya akai-akai ga taron OMICS da yawa sting abstracts wanda ya haɗa da "Jin juyin halitta na halaye na jirgin sama a cikin ilimin lissafin alade" da kuma "Strategies for remediation of benthic and pelagic species dependent on coral reefs: Cases of T. migratorius and G. californianus" wanda bi da bi da bi don bayyana yadda aladu ke tashi da's ke tafiya da'awar tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a karkashin ruwa. A wani lamari, OMICS ta karɓi takarda da aka kwace daga Aristotle kuma "ta yi kuskure don cire duk wani ma'ana mai ma'ana" zuwa mujallar ɗabi'a, kuma daga baya ta karɓi wannan takarda zuwa taron kan geriatrics da jinya.

An kuma gano cewa ana tallata masana kimiyya da yawa ko gwamnati a matsayin masu magana ko masu shirya taron OMICS, ba tare da yarjejeniyarsu ba.

 Ayyukan da hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka suka dauka 
A Afrilu 2013, OMICS ta karɓi wasiƙar tsagaitawa da hani daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Amurka (DHHS) bayan ƙarar da Ken Witwer ya shigar, wanda ya ce tallace-tallacen yaudarar OMICS ya yaudare shi.  Wasikar ta yi zargin cewa OMICS ta yi amfani da hotuna da sunayen ma’aikatan da ko dai ba su yi aiki a NIH ba ko kuma ba ta ba da izini ba, kuma ta bukaci OMICS da kada ta yi amfani da sunan cibiyoyinta ko ma’aikatanta da wani abu face “maganganun gaskiya na gaskiya”[1].  OMICS ta amsa ta hanyar gyara gidan yanar gizon ta da kuma samar da imel da wasiku daga ma'aikatan NIH da alama sun yarda suyi aiki a matsayin editocin mujallolin OMICS.  Waɗancan ma’aikatan daga baya sun ce yayin da suka amince su yi aiki a matsayin editoci, ba su ba da izinin yin amfani da sunayensu a cikin kayan talla ba;  Bugu da ƙari, ba su yi amfani da kowane rubutun hannu baa.

 FTC suit 
A watan Agustan 2016, Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayyar Amurka (FTC) ta shigar da kara a kan OMICS, kamfanoni biyu da ke da alaƙa da ita da Gedela, suna tuhumar su da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen yaudara  da neman biyan kuɗi ba tare da an bayyana ba ga malaman da suka yaudare su.  A cikin karar farko da aka shigar da ita a kan mai wallafa ilimi,  sun yi zargin cewa tsarin sake dubawa na OMICS ya zama "shekara" da kuma ikirarin da suke yi na sanannun malamai a cikin kwamitin edita da / ko a matsayin masu magana a taron ba tare da yardarsu na yaudara ba.  Har ila yau, FTC ta lura da gazawar bayyana kudaden bugawa kafin karɓar ɓangarori, inda ta ambaci abubuwan da ke da tasiri da kuma maganganun ƙarya game da mujallu da ake lissafawa a cikin PubMed, lokacin da ba su da.

A mayar da martani ga karar, OMICS ta ki amincewa da zarge-zarge daban-daban, tana mai da hankali cewa hanyoyin su na doka ne kuma suna da'awar cewa bukatun kamfanoni suna jagorantar karar.

Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Nevada ta ba da Umurni na farko a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, wanda ya hana OMICS "yi kuskuren" game da mujallu da tarurruka, tare da buƙatar OMICS ta bayyana duk tuhumar sarrafa labarin. FTC ta lashe hukunci na taƙaitaccen hukunci (ECF No. 86) a ranar 29 ga Maris 2019, tare da kotun ta gano cewa OMICS ta yi ikirarin ƙarya game da rubuce-rubucen da ake sake dubawa, ta yi amfani da sunan fitattun masu bincike a matsayin masu gyara mujallu ba tare da yardarsu ko iliminsu ba, ta yi watsi da abubuwan da tasirin yaudara ga mujallu waɗanda Clarivate Analytics ba a lissafa su ba, ta hanyar PubMed, ba a bayyane game da kudaden bugawa da aka caji ba har sai bayan sun yarda da labarin su don bugawa ba su ba su ba. An umarci OMICS da ta biya tarar $ 50,130,810 tare da canza wasu hanyoyin bugawa. OMICS tana shirin kalubalantar hukuncin. A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2020, Kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka ta da'ira ta tara ta amince da bayar da hukuncin taƙaitaccen hukunci da kyautar dala miliyan 50.1. 

 Barazanar shari'a ga Jeffrey Beall 
A cikin 2013, OMICS Publishing Group ta aika da wasika ga mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Colorado Jeffrey Beall yana mai bayyana cewa sun yi niyyar kai shi kotu kuma suna neman dala biliyan 1 a cikin lalacewa. A cikin wasikarsu ta shafi shida, OMICS ta bayyana cewa shafin yanar gizon Beall "ba daidai ba ne, ba shi da tushe, ba shi na gaskiya", kuma "ƙwarewar rashin sana'a da girman kai". Beall ya ce ya sami wasikar "ba a rubuta ta da kyau ba kuma tana barazana da kansa," kuma ya yi tunanin: "wasikar ƙoƙari ce ta rage girman ayyukan edita na OMICS".

Kamfanin lauyoyi na OMICS ya ce yana bin diyya a karkashin Dokar Fasahar Sadarwa ta Indiya, 2000, tana nufin sashe na 66A, wanda ya haramta amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa don buga "duk wani bayani da ke da muni ko kuma yana da hali" ko buga bayanan karya.  Ya bayyana cewa shekaru uku a gidan yari abu ne mai yiyuwa hukunci, ko da yake wani lauyan Amurka ya ce barazanar da ake yi tamkar wani “tsaron jama’a ne” da ke nufin “ tsoratarwa.  Wani edita a cikin New Delhi India Today ya kawo lamarin a matsayin shaida cewa ya kamata a yi watsi da sashe na 66A don kawar da amfani da shi wajen "kashe rashin amincewar siyasa, murkushe magana da ... ba da damar cin zarafi"[2].  A cikin 2015, Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta buge Sashe na 66A a cikin shari'ar da ba ta da alaƙa

 Samun masu bugawa na Kanada 
A ƙarshen Satumba 2016, OMICS ta sami masu bugawa biyu na Kanada - Andrew John Publishing da Pulsus Group - da mujallu goma sha shida da suka buga. Samun ya haifar da raguwar ka'idodin bugawa ga waɗannan mujallu,  ya haifar da damuwa cewa ana satar sunayen masu bugawa don ba da gaskiya ga kimiyya ta ƙarya, kuma ya haifar da shida daga cikin mujallu goma sha shida da ke bayyana niyyar su dakatar da kwangilar bugawa tare da OMICS.

 Labaran karya 
A cikin 2023, Mike Downes ya bayyana cewa cikin jerin ayyukan damfara da masu wallafe-wallafen suka yi "dole ne a ƙara ƙirƙira ko harhada labaran da masana ilimi suka rubuta amma a zahiri gidan wallafe-wallafen ne suka tsara su", yana mai lura da cewa "mafi yawan an ƙirƙira su ne a ƙarƙashin sunan karya ta hanyar tattara jerin saƙon da aka zayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka zayyana a cikin nasu na musamman".  Binciken Downes ya nuna cewa dukkanin rassan OMICS da tambura sun ƙirƙira kuma sun buga irin waɗannan labaran, suna masu jayayya cewa wannan shaida ce cewa "umarnin aiwatar da wannan makirci na yaudara ya bayyana a matsayin zaɓin zaɓin da ya fito daga babban gudanarwa" na OMICS
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba