Masu Waƙoƙin 'Yanci

Freedom Singers sun samo asali ne a matsayin quartet da aka kafa a 1962 a Kwalejin Jihar Albany da ke Albany, Jojiya. Bayan mawaƙin gargajiya Pete Seeger ya ga ikon salon waƙoƙin su na ikilisiya, wanda ya haɗu da baƙar fata Baptist a cappella coci yana raira waƙa tare da sanannen kiɗa a lokacin, da kuma waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi. An dauki majami'u a matsayin wurare masu aminci, suna aiki a matsayin mafaka daga wariyar launin fata na duniya ta waje. A sakamakon haka, majami'u sun shirya hanya don ƙirƙirar waƙar 'yanci.

Bayan ya ga tasirin waƙoƙin 'yanci, Seeger ya ba da shawarar The Freedom Singers a matsayin ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa ga Babban Sakataren Gudanar da Kwamitin Dalibai (SNCC) James Forman a matsayin hanyar da za ta karfafa kamfen na gaba. Da yake da alaƙa da juna, wasan kwaikwayon su ya jawo taimako da tallafi ga SNCC a lokacin Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama. A sakamakon haka, waƙoƙin al'umma sun zama mahimmanci don karfafawa da ilimantar da masu sauraro game da batutuwan kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma makami mai karfi na tasiri a cikin yaki da Jim Crow.

Waƙoƙin da suka fi shahara "Ba za mu motsa ba" an fassara su daga asalin Freedom Singers zuwa ƙarni na biyu na Freedom Singers, kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Freedom Voices, wanda ya ƙunshi sakataren filin daga SNCC. "Ba za a motsa mu ba" mutane da yawa suna ɗaukarsa "fuska" na ƙungiyar 'yancin bil'adama. Rutha Mae Harris, tsohon mawaƙin 'yanci, ya yi hasashen cewa ba tare da ƙarfin kiɗa na waƙoƙin jama'a ba, ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama bazai yi tasiri ba bayan gwagwarmayar Jim Crow ta Kudu. Tun da Freedom Singers sun yi nasara sosai, an kirkiro rukuni na biyu da ake kira Freedom Voices . 

 Mambobin 
Kungiyar ta asali ta kunshi hudu, wanda aka sani da Negro, mambobi duk a karkashin shekaru 21, ciki har da Rutha Mae Harris (soprano), Bernice Johnson Reagon (alto), Cordell Reagon (tenor), da Charles Neblett (bass). Bayan ya shaida ikon waƙar a matsayin tsohon soja na motsi a cikin Nashville kuma a matsayin sakataren filin SNCC, Cordell Reagon shine memba na kafa kungiyar. Ya dauki 'yan asalin Albany da mawaƙa na gida a cikin cocin Baƙar fata Rutha Mae Harris da Bernice Johnson, wanda daga baya ya auri. Reagon ya dauki Charles Neblett, tsohon soja na zanga-zangar kare hakkin bil'adama a Alkahira, Illinois. Tare, sun yi tafiya fiye da kilomita 50,000 a cikin motar Buick, suna yin aiki a cikin birane sama da 40, wanda ya ƙare a cikin wasan kwaikwayon a Maris a Washington a shekarar farko.
Daga baya, a cikin 1965, Bill Perlman,  wani matashi ne, farar guitarist wanda iyayensa sune sakatarorin filin SNCC a birnin New York. Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 17, Perlman ya shiga cikin motar tasha kuma ya bi ta kudu mai zurfi don yaƙar zalunci da ƙungiyar har tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya ci gaba da yin wasa tare da Mawakan 'Yanci, yana bayyana a wurare a duk faɗin duniya da ke zaune a Ashfield, Massachusetts, inda ya kasance mai sadaukarwa ga siyasa na gida da adalci na zamantakewa. [] waɗanda suka yi tare da Mawakan 'Yanci a wasan kwaikwayo da abubuwan motsi tun daga 1960s sune Bertha Gober, Emory Harris, Marshall Jones, da Matthew Jones .  Mawakan 'Yanci sun zagaya Kudu, wani lokaci suna yin kide-kide har hudu a rana. Waƙoƙin sun kasance mafi yawan ruhi da waƙoƙin yabo, tare da " ƙira-da-amsa na halaye" da haɓakawa . Wuraren sun haɗa da harabar jami'o'i kusan 200, majami'u, liyafar gida, zanga-zangar, zanga-zangar, da gidajen yari. Sau da yawa, an daure mawakan 'Yanci ne saboda kin barin wani yanki, yayin da magoya bayansa da masu goyon bayan 'yan sanda su ma sukan kai hari ga 'yan sanda. 

 Shahararrun waƙoƙi 
Waƙoƙin motsi galibi an sabunta su ne na gargajiya na Afirka-Amurka. waƙoƙin bishara guda biyu - "Zan shawo kan wata rana", wanda Rev. Charles Albert Tindley ya kirkiro da kuma "If My Jesus Wills" wanda Louise Shropshire ta kirkiro tsakanin 1932 da 1942 - sun ba da tushe ga "Za Mu shawo kan", wanda aka kira taken motsi. Masu shirya aiki ne suka rera waƙar a cikin shekarun 1940, da kuma mawaƙa Pete Seeger, wanda ya canza maimaitawa "Zan shawo kan" zuwa "Za mu shawo kan". Sauran fararen fata, kamar Guy Carawan, Joan Baez, Barbara Dane, sun dauki shi ta hanyar nuna hadin kai tare da karuwar motsi da kuma taimaka wa masu sauraron su gane gwagwarmayar dalibai a kudu. Martin Luther King Jr. ya fara jin shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Sauran waƙoƙi sun haɗa da "Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho", wani al'ada na ruhaniya game da mutumin da ya saukar da birnin Jericho da duk wata matsala, da kuma "Free a ƙarshe", wanda Sarki ya nakalto a ƙarshen jawabinsa "Ina da Mafarki" a Maris a Washington: "Free a karshe, kyauta a ƙarshe! Godiya ga Allah Mai Iko Dukka, muna da 'yanci a ƙarshe!"  Sauran waƙar waƙoƙoƙi da suka haɗa da "Wannan Hasken Na" da "Oh, 'Yana".

Guy da Candie Carawan, 'yan gwagwarmayar 'Yanci guda biyu wadanda su ma suna rera mawaƙa, sun kasance da alhakin yada "Za mu ci nasara" ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa ɗalibai a Makarantar Hidima ta Highlander sun bar tare da tunani mai karfi na tasirin da ya shafi kowane rukuni. Sun kasance masu ][, suna tarihin waƙoƙin 'yanci na shekarun 1960, yawancin su sun kasance daidaitawa na tsofaffin waƙoƙin da aka sani. Ta wurin zama a Highlander dukansu sun kawo nasu al'adun ga ɗalibai kuma sun koyi babban adadin al'adun Amurkawa na gaske daga gare su, wanda su kuma suka yada nesa da gidansu na Monteagle, Tennessee . 

 Tarihin membobin 
Cordell Reagon, wanda ya kafa asalin Freedom Singers, an haife shi ne a Nashville, Tennessee a shekara ta 1943.  An san shi da yawancin bitar horar da shi ba tare da tashin hankali ba da kuma kokarin yaki da rarrabewa a yankin Albany, Jojiya. Mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ma'aikatan SNCC, a shekara ta 1961 ya kasance a kan Freedom Rides, ya yi aiki a cikin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a a Mississippi da kuma zanga-zangar zama a Illinois da Alabama. Yana da shekara 16 kawai lokacin da ya zama mai aiki a cikin Yunkurin Kare Hakkin Bil'adama. James Forman, babban sakataren SNCC, ya kira shi "ɗan motsi". Reagon, wanda ya kasance Sakataren filin na SNCC lokacin da ya kafa Freedom Singers, an kama shi fiye da sau 30 saboda ayyukansa na adawa da wariyar launin fata. Matar farko ta Reagon ita ce Bernice Johnson Reagon . Lokacin da yake da shekaru 53, an same shi ya mutu a cikin gidansa na Berkeley, California, wanda aka kashe a bayyane.

Bernice Johnson Reagon, an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1942, tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan asalin' yanci. Ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar Albany a Georgia, kuma ta sami digiri na farko a tarihi daga Kwalejin Spelman a 1970 da kuma digiri na biyu a tarihi daga Jami'ar Howard a 1975. Wataƙila an fi saninta da ƙungiyar mata ta a cappella Sweet Honey in the Rock, wacce ta kafa a 1973. Ta kasance darektan shirin kuma mai kula da Smithsonian daga 1974 zuwa 1993, kuma ta kasance farfesa a fannin tarihi a Jami'ar Amurka inda ta yi aiki daga 1993 zuwa 2002. Ta yi kiɗa kuma ta tuntubi fina-finai da shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, kuma tana da wallafe-wallafe da yawa: We Who Believe in Freedom, We'll Understand It Better By and By, Voices of the Civil Rights Movement, da tarin rubutun Idan ba ku tafi ba, Kada ku same ni. Reagon ya sami MacArthur Fellowship, lambar yabo ta Heinz don Arts da Humanities, da kuma kyautar Charles Frankel ta 1995. Ta yi ritaya daga Sweet Honey in the Rock a shekara ta 2004 amma ta ci gaba da tsarawa da isar da gabatarwa.

 Masu raira waƙoƙin 'yanci na yanzu 
Mawakan 'Yanci masu rai na ci gaba da rera wakoki a bainar jama'a. Rutha Mae Harris, Charles Neblett, Bernice Johnson Reagon (da 'yarta Toshi Reagon) sun yi a Fadar White House don Shugaba Barack Obama a 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Bikin Kiɗa daga Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama". []

 Manazarta 

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