Duwatsu da tuddai na Scotland

Scotland ita ce kasa mafi tsaunuka a Burtaniya.  Za'a iya raba jeri na tsaunin Scotland a cikin kusancin arewa zuwa kudu zuwa: tsaunukan Scottish, Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kudancin Uplands, na biyu na farko na yankin Scotland ne.  Tsaunukan tsaunuka da sunan suna dauke da manyan tsaunuka na kasar, amma tudu da tsaunuka ana samun su a kudancin wadannan ma.  Lissafin da ke ƙasa ba su ƙare ba;  akwai ƙananan jiragen ruwa marasa adadi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

Ben Nevis (Beinn Nibheis), dutse mafi girma a Scotland da United Kingdom  a ƙafa 4,413 (1,345 , yana cikin yankin Highland a ƙarshen yammacin Dutsen Grampian . Dutsen Scotland sama da   ana kiransa Munro, wanda akwai 282.

Ya zuwa 2019, daruruwan dubban mutane suna ziyartar duwatsu a Scotland a kowane hunturu  kuma kimanin 130,000 suna hawa zuwa taron Ben Nevis a kowace shekara. 

 Yankunan tsaunuka 
Babban yankin tsaunuka na Scotland za a iya raba shi gabaɗaya zuwa tsaunukan Arewa maso Yamma, tsaunin Grampian da tsibiran da ke gabar tekun yamma.  Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, tsaunukan NW suna farawa ne daga suture arewa da yamma na Babban Glen kuma sun haɗa da daidai 100 na 282 Munros.  Duwatsun da ake samu a nan gabaɗaya suna da ƙazanta da tudu, amma kuma galibi suna ba da tafiya akan gajeriyar ciyawa.  Ana samun dogayen tudu a ɓangarorin biyu na Glen Shiel a Kintail kuma ana samun ƙarin tsaunuka masu kama da tsayi a arewa, kamar a cikin Fannichs.  Tudun Torridon na musamman ana girmama su ta hanyar tudun tudu, tarwatsawa da hawan jama'a;  wasu daga cikinsu, irin su Beinn Eighe, suna da rawanin farar quartzite, wanda ke ba da kyan gani.  Yanayin ya ci gaba zuwa arewa, tare da manyan iyakoki na farin dutse a Foinaven da Arkle.  Wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsaunuka an yi su ne da Lewisian Gneiss, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin duwatsu a Duniya.  Yawancin kololuwar wannan yanki sun keɓance, musamman a cikin Assent da Sutherland, kuma, ko da yake wani lokacin ƙanƙanta ne, suna da babban girma.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da: Stac Pollaidh, Suilven, An Teallach da Maiden Pap.  Yankin kudancin wannan yanki a kudancin Glenfinnan ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsaunuka na Corbetts da Grahams, amma suna kula da yanayin waɗanda aka samu a arewa.  Dutsen mafi girma a wannan yanki shine Càrn Eige, kuma dutse na biyu mafi shahara a Biritaniya, kodayake na goma sha biyu da tsayi.

 Torridon, yamma da kudu maso yammacin Kinlochewe
 Fannichs, arewa maso gabashin Kinlochewe
 Dundonnel da Fisherfield Forest, arewacin Kinlochewe
 Knoydart, arewa maso gabashin Mallaig
 Mullardochs da Glen Affric, yammacin Cannich
 Assynt, arewacin Ullapool

'Yan Grampians su ne mafi yawan tsaunukan Scotland kuma sun ƙunshi mafi girman kololuwa da mafi girma jeri, wanda ya ke kudu da gabas na Babban Glen har zuwa Fault Boundary na Highland, yana mamaye kusan rabin yankin ƙasar.  Wasu yankin ba su da ƙarancin ƙarya, amma ba lallai ba ne ba tare da yanayin yanayi ba.  Waɗannan yankuna sun haɗa da yankin Kintyre, Knapdale da Mid Argyll a gabar tekun yamma, da kuma gabashin Aberdeenshire da Moray a gabas.  Rannoch Moor sanannen yanki ne na ƙasa mai ƙasƙanci a cikin yankin da ke kewaye da manyan tsaunuka kuma yawanci yana hana matafiya shiga cikin tsaunuka.  Tsibirin Cowal mai dazuzzukan dazuzzukan yana da tsaunuka masu tsayin tsaka-tsaki da babban dutse.  'Yan Grampians suna da mafi girman adadin jeri na tsaunuka a Scotland, musamman zuwa yamma a Lochaber, inda tsaunukan ke da ɓangarorin da suka fi tsayi fiye da waɗanda ake samu a gabas.  Za a iya raba mafi girman jeri na gabas zuwa Monadhliath, Cairngorms da Dutsen.  Ana samun sanannun tsaunuka da tsaunuka a nan, kamar su Ben A'an, The Cobbler, Buachaille Etive Mòr, Bidean nam Bian, Schiehallion, Ben Macdui da Lochnagar.  Dutsen mafi girma a wannan yanki shine Ben Nevis, dutse mafi tsayi a Biritaniya.

 Arrochar Alps, arewa maso yammacin ArrocharFitar da shi
 Braes na Balquhidder, arewa maso yammacin CallanderKira
 Breadalbane, yamma da arewacin KillinKashewa
 Lorne, arewa maso gabashin Oban
 Cowal, arewa maso yammacin Greenock
 Dutsen Black, arewa maso yammacin Bridge of OrchyBabbar Orchy
 Glen Coe, gabashin Ballachulish
 Mamores, kudu maso gabashin Fort William
 Grey Corries, gabashin Fort William
 Monadhliath, yammacin Aviemore
 Cairngorms, arewa da arewa maso yammacin Braemar
 Mounth, kudu maso gabashin Braemar
 Bennachie, arewa maso yammacin Aberdeen

Manyan tsibirai masu tsaunuka na Scotland sune Skye, Mull da Rùm a cikin Inner Hebrides; da Harris a cikin Outer Hebrides, duk da haka Islay, Jura kuma, kodayake sun rabu da Hebrides. Gabaɗaya akwai tsibirin Munros 13 (12 a kan Skye da 1 a kan Mull). Skye's Black Cuillin, wanda ya ƙunshi basalt da gabbro mai laushi, galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi girman dutse a Burtaniya tare da dutse mara kyau, wanda aka tsara a cikin layi da tsaunuka masu tsawo da zurfin yankewa. Ana buƙatar igiyoyi don wasu tarurruka kuma yankin yana karɓar bakuncin kawai Munro wanda ke buƙatar kayan hawa, In Pinn. Red Cuillin makwabta ta ƙunshi da farko daga dutse kuma tana da tsaunuka masu kama da kwano na ɗan ƙarami. Skye kuma sananne ne ga Quiraing da Tsohon Mutumin Storr a kan tsibirin Trotternish. Tsibirin Rùm yana da nasa Cuillin, wanda ya hada da gabbro amma ya fi guntu, mai ciyawa; yana buƙatar ƙwarewar motsawa mai kyau, da kuma kai don tsawo. Za a iya samun ƙananan tuddai masu yawa a tsibirin. Kodayake kawai yana da Munro ɗaya, Ben More, Mull tsibiri ne mai tsaunuka sosai a tsakiya tare da Grahams da ƙananan tuddai. Gudun tafiya a nan ba mai saurin gaske ba ne kamar na ƙarshe amma har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙwarewa mai kyau. Jura an fi saninta da Paps na Jura, tsaunuka uku masu siffar kwano, waɗanda ke gida ga Isle of Jura Fell Race kuma suna buƙatar samun tsawo mai yawa duk da girman su. Ana iya samun ƙananan tuddai kusa da su kuma a kan rabin arewacin tsibirin. A cikin Outer Hebrides, duwatsun Harris sun mamaye, suna ba da bambanci sosai ga shimfidar Lewis. Duwatsu huɗu mafi girma a nan an raba su da juna ta hanyar kwari masu zurfi, duk da haka yankunan da suka fi girma dutse, An Cliseam, ana iya hawa ta hanyar gajeren hanyar dawakai. Kudancin Uist, a kudu a cikin tsibirin, yana da ƙananan duwatsu da tuddai masu jin daɗi. Tsibirin karshe na damuwa mai yawa shine Arran, wanda ke da Corbetts huɗu da Graham ɗaya. Wadannan duwatsu suna buƙatar kulawa mai yawa a wurare kuma sun haɗa da tudun A'Chir, yankin da masu hawan dutse ke kula da shi; hanyoyi da hanyoyi da yawa suna yiwuwa, yawanci suna farawa daga Glen Rosa ko Glen Sannox. Tsibirin St. Kilda, mai nisan kilomita 40 a yammacin arewa maso yammacin Arewacin Uist, ya cancanci a ambaci shi, wanda ya ƙunshi tsibirai huɗu masu tsayi da yawa da tarin teku, duk sai daya yana buƙatar shiri na musamman da izini don ziyartar kuma kusan duk suna buƙatar igiyoyin tsaro. Wadannan tsibirai suna neman masu saka hannun jari na tsaunuka. Scotland kuma tana da ƙananan tsibirai tare da manyan tarurruka ba ɓangare na kewayon ba, kamar Dùn Caan a kan Raasay . Matsayi mafi girma na wannan yanki shine Sgùrr Alasdair .

 Skye Cuillin
 Ma'anarQuiraing
 Rùm Cuillin
 Tsibirin Mull
 Iyaye na Jura
 An Sgùrr (Eigg) 
 St. Kilda

 Yankunan Tsakiya 
Yankunan kudanci da gabashin Scotland galibi ana kiransu da Lowlands na Scotland, amma waɗannan yankuna suna da manyan tsaunuka, kodayake waɗannan sun fi ƙasa da tsaunukan Highland. Saboda suna kusa da garuruwa da birane, sun fi shahara don tafiya a kan tudu da yawo fiye da tsaunuka masu nisa na Highlands. Dutsen da ya fi tsayi a wannan yanki shine Ben Cleuch .

 Sidlaw Hills, arewacin Dundee amma kudu maso gabashin Highland Boundary Fault
 Ochil Hills, gabashin Stirling
 Kilpatrick Hills, arewa maso yammacin Glasgow
 Campsie Fells, arewacin Glasgow
 Lomond Hills, gabashin Kinross

Baya ga manyan kewayon, akwai tuddai da yawa a cikin Lowlands, sau da yawa dutsen wuta ne. Mutane da yawa an san su da kalmar Scots Law, ma'ana tudu.

 Kudancin tsaunuka 
Kudancin Uplands sun samar da belin tsaunuka masu ci gaba a kudancin Scotland daga Dumfries da Galloway zuwa iyakokin Scotland, tare da sassan arewa da ke zubowa cikin Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire da Lothian. Wadannan tsaunuka sun kasu kashi da yawa. Ƙasar tsakiyar Galloway Hills tana arewacin Loch Trool, kuma kyawawan tafiye-tafiye suna farawa daga babban wurin ajiye motoci ta Bruce's Stane. Yankunan da ke cikin iyakokin Scotland sun fi girma kuma sun fi dacewa da Galloway amma suna da irin wannan tsawo kuma suna da nisa. Har ila yau, akwai tuddai da aka ware waɗanda ba su dace da wani takamaiman kewayon ba, kamar Tinto da Cairnsmore na Fleet. Dutsen da ya fi tsayi a wannan yanki shine Merrick .

 Dutsen Galloway
 Yankin Hannun Mummunan
 Dungeon Hills
 Rhinns na Kells
 Minnigaff Hills
 Carsphairn da Scaur Hills
 Lowther Hills
 Dutsen Moffat
 Dutsen Pentland
 Dutsen Moorfoot
 Dutsen Manor
 Dutsen Lammermuir
 Ettrick Hills
 Cheviot Hills, wanda ya fi yawa a Ingila kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar tsakanin ƙasashe biyu

 Duwatsun da suka fi tsayi a Scotland 
Duwatsu goma mafi tsawo a Scotland su ne kuma goma mafi girma a Burtaniya:

1. Ben Nevis (Beinn Nibheis), 4,411.1 ft (1,344.5 m)  

2. Ben Macdui (Beinn Macduibh), 4,296 ft (1,309.3 m)  

3. Braeriach (Am Bràigh Riabach), 4,252 ft (1,296 m)  

4. Cairn Toul (Càrn an t-Sabhail), 4,236 ft (1,291 m)  

5. Sgòr an Lochain Uaine, 4,127 ft (1,258 m)  

6. Cairn Gorm (An Càrn Gorm), 4,084 ft (1,244.8 m)  

7. Aonach Beag, 4,049 ft (1,234 m)  

8. Aonach Mòr, 4,004 ft (1,220.4 m)  

9. Cárn Mòr Dearg, 4,003 ft (1,220 m)  

10. Ben Lawers (Beinn Labhair), 3,983 ft (1,214 m)  

 Jerin sunayen 
An rarraba tsaunuka na Scotland a cikin jerin tsaunuka masu zuwa. Ƙarshen na iya cancanta don haɗawa a cikin jerin fiye da ɗaya.

 Munros sune mafi mahimman tuddai a Scotland sama da ƙafa 3,000 (914.4 m), a cewar mai tarawa na asali Sir Hugh Munro. An fara rubuta jerin ne a cikin 1891, kuma kungiyar Scottish Mountaineering Club (SMC) ce ke canza shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A halin yanzu ya ƙunshi tsaunuka 282,  biyo bayan saukar da Sgurr nan Ceannaichean a watan Satumbar 2009 da kuma Beinn a 'Chlaidheimh a shekarar 2012.   
 Corbetts tsaunuka ne a Scotland tsakanin 2,500 da 3,000 feet (762 da 914.4 m), tare da tsayin dangi na akalla 500 feet (152.4 m). SMC ce ke kula da jerin. A halin yanzu akwai tuddai 222.    
 Grahams tuddai ne a Scotland tsakanin 2,000 da 2,500 feet (609.6 da 762 m), tare da tsayin dangi na akalla mita 150 (492 ft). Alan Dawson ne ya fara buga jerin tsaunuka da suka dace da waɗannan ka'idoji a cikin The Relative Hills of Britain .  a karkashin sunan wucin gadi Elsies (LCs, takaice ga Lesser Corbetts). Daga baya aka sanya musu suna Grahams bayan marigayi Fiona Torbet (née Graham) wanda ya tattara irin wannan jerin a lokaci guda. SMC ta sanya jerin a cikin Tables na Munro  a cikin 1997 amma Dawson ya ci gaba da kula da jerin. Da farko akwai Grahams 224, amma jimlar yanzu tana tsaye a 221 bayan an bincika Corwharn, Ben Aslak da Ladylea Hill kamar yadda suka kasa 609.6 m      
 Donalds tuddai ne a cikin Lowlands na Scotland sama da ƙafa 2,000 (609.6 m). Percy Donald ne ya fara tattara jerin, kuma SMC ce ke kula da su. Ya ƙunshi taron koli 89 da ƙananan tsaunuka 51, suna ba da jimlar tuddai 140.  
 Marilyns tuddai ne a cikin Tsibirin Burtaniya waɗanda ke da matsayi na akalla 150 m, ba tare da la'akari da nesa ba, cikakkiyar tsawo ko cancanta. Alan Dawson ne ya tattara jerin kuma ya kiyaye su. Akwai Marilyns 1,216 na Scotland, duba Jerin Marilyns a Scotland. 

 Raunin da mutuwa 
Raunin da mutuwar da aka samu daga guguwa
Lokacin LokaciWurin da yakeYa mutuJimillar wadanda suka ji rauni1970Ben Nevis31994Buachaille Ya mutu11995Buachaille Ya mutu32009Buachaille Ya mutu312009Ben Nevis22013Bidean suna Bian412016Ben Nevis22016Creag Meagaidh112019Ben Nevis31

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