Yanayin ƙasar Peru

Peru ƙasa ce a tsakiyar yammacin gabar tekun Kudancin Amurka da ke fuskantar Tekun Pacific . Yana kwance gaba ɗaya a cikin Kudancin Hemisphere, iyakar arewacinsa ta kai minti 1.8 na latitude ko kimanin kilomita 3.3 (2.1  kudu da ma'auni. Peru tana da iyakokin ƙasa tare da Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, da Chile, tare da iyakar ƙasa mafi tsawo da aka raba tare da Brazil.

 Yankunan Halitta 
Duk da bambancin yankin Peruvian, Mutanen Espanya sun raba shi zuwa manyan yankuna uku don dalilai na siyasa maimakon na ƙasa: Coast, kusa da Tekun Pacific; Highlands, wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Andean; da Amazon Jungle. Wannan rarrabuwar, duk da iyakokinta, ta kasance har zuwa shekara ta 1941, lokacin da Babban Taron na uku na Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi da Tarihi ta Pan American ya amince da kirkirar yankuna takwas na halitta, wanda masanin ilimin ƙasa Javier Pulgar Vidal ya gabatar, don kafa taswirar ilimin lissafi wanda ya fi dacewa da gaskiyar yanayin yankin. Ta haka ne aka ɗauka, taswirar Peruvian ta ƙunshi yankuna masu zuwa:

 La Chala ko Coast:  Wannan yankin yana samuwa a cikin ƙasashen yamma, waɗanda suke da faɗi kuma suna faɗaɗa tare da bakin teku daga matakin teku har zuwa mita 500 a tsawo. A cikin wannan yankin, itatuwan carob, palo verde, ciyawa mai gishiri, mangroves, kara, da sandunan daji suna girma a gefen koguna, da amancaes, Tumatir na daji, mito, Tara, da sauransu suna girma a kan tuddai. Dabbobi na bakin teku sun hada da zakuna na teku, Ankovies, da tsuntsayen teku.

 La Yunga:  Yankin kwari masu kyau da kwari inda ake noma lucumo, cherimoya, guava, avocado, 'ya'yan itace, da sukari, tare da kyawawan kogin kogi. Tsakanin mita 500 da 2300 a kan gangaren yamma, an san shi da Maritime Yunga, kuma tsakanin mita 1000 da 2300 akan gangaren gabas, ana kiransa Fluvial Yunga. Yunga na ruwa yana da yanayi mai dumi tare da ruwan sama na yanayi, yayin da yanayin hamada ya fi yawa a Yunga na Maritime. Tsire-tsire sun hada da molle, fararen agave, pitahaya, da chuná, kuma fauna sun hada da tsuntsaye kamar chaucato da taurigaray.

 Quechua: Yankin ƙasashe masu matsakaici waɗanda suka shimfiɗa a fadin gangaren Andean tsakanin mita 2300 da 3500 a tsawo. Yanayin yana canzawa tsakanin kwari da ruwa da ke ciyarwa cikin wannan kwandon, tare da iyakance ruwan sama na rani. Tsire-tsire sun hada da Alder, lambran ko rambash, gongapa, da arracacha, da masara, squash, 'ya'yan itace, papaya, alkama, da peach ana noma su. Dabbobi sun hada da tsuntsaye kamar launin toka ko chihuanco.

 Suni ko Jalca: Ƙasashe masu sanyi da bushewa, tare da ruwan sama mai yawa na rani, wanda ke tsakanin mita 3500 da 4100, wanda ke da kwari masu dusar ƙanƙara da ƙananan ƙanƙanta. Yankin ya rufe da ciyawa da shrubs kamar taya-taya, quishuar, da cantuta (fure mai tsarki na Incas). Duk da yanayin, quinoa, cañigua, wake mai zurfi, Olluco, da sauran amfanin gona suna bunƙasa. Dabbobi sun hada da baƙar fata da alade.

 La Puna: Ya rufe tsaunuka masu tsawo da tsaunuka na Andean tsakanin mita 4100 da 4800, inda yanayin sanyi ya fi yawa. A rana, yanayin zafi yana da kyau, amma suna sauka ƙasa da 0 ° C da dare. Shuke-shuke na al'ada sun haɗa da cacti kuma, a cikin tabkuna da wuraren da ke da santsi, totoras. Mafi yawan amfanin gona shine sha'ir, dankali, da maca. Halin dabbobin sun hada da Llama, alpaca, vicuña, guanaco, condor, huallata, flamingo, Duck, da sauran tsuntsayen ruwa.

 La Janca: Ya dace da tsaunuka masu daskarewa, wanda ya kunshi yankunan condor, inda yanayin ya kasance mai ƙanƙara kuma ciyayi yana da ƙarancin gaske, an rage kusan zuwa yareta ko yarita.

 La Rupa Rupa ko High Jungle: Dutsen da ke tsakanin mita 400 zuwa 1000 a gabashin gangaren Andes, wanda ke da ƙanƙara, kwari masu tsawo da kogin kogi ko pongos. Yanayin zafi, mai zafi, da ruwan sama yana da fa'ida ga tsire-tsire da dabbobi daban-daban na wurare masu zafi, gami da tapir, peccary, da Jaguar.

 Omagua, Amazon ko Low Jungle: Filin daji wanda ya kai tsakanin mita 80 zuwa 400 a gabashin gangaren Andean, ta hanyar da koguna na tafkin Amazon ke gudana, suna samar da meanders, maras kyau, da lagoons. Tsire-tsire sun haɗa da itatuwa kamar chonta, al'ul, dabino, shapaja, da shebo, da tsire-tsalle kamar orchid. Dabbobi sun hada da capybara, giant armadillo, otter, da ja deer, tsuntsaye kamar toucan, hoatzin, jabiru, da macaw, da kifi kamar Paiche da sauran dabbobi na ruwa kamar manatee da Pipe toad.

 Kididdiga 
Peru tana da jimillar fili 1,285,220 km2 [2] da kuma jimlar ruwan 5,000 km2.  Dangane da yankin teku, ƙasar na da'awar wani yanki mai nisan mil 200 na ruwa (kilomita 370.4; 230.2 mi), teku mai nisan mil 200 (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) da yanki na musamman na tattalin arziƙi na murabba'in murabba'in 857,000, 3q00m..

Kashi 3% ne kawai na ƙasar Peru mai noma, tare da 0.5% ya dace da amfanin gona na dindindin. Yankin makiyaya na dindindin yana da kashi 21% na amfani da ƙasar Peru, kuma gandun daji da gandun daji suna da kashi 66% na shimfidar wuri. Kimanin 9.5% (1993 est.) na ƙasar Peruvian an danganta shi ga cibiyoyin jama'a, yankunan bakin teku, da sauran sarari.

Hadarin halitta da Peru ke fuskanta sun hada da girgizar ƙasa, tsunami, ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa, da kuma aikin dutsen wuta mai sauƙi. Matsayi na ƙasa na Peru kusa da Nazca da ke kusa da su da kuma faranti na tectonic na Kudancin Amurka - suna haɗuwa a cikin rami na Atacama a bakin tekun Pacific - yana aiki ne a matsayin mai haɓaka ga yawancin haɗarin halitta na Peru.

Batutuwan muhalli na Peru sun haɗa da sare daji (wasu sakamakon katako ba bisa ka'ida ba); wuce gona da iri na gangaren bakin teku da tsaunuka da ke haifar da rushewar ƙasa; hamada; gurɓataccen iska a Lima; gurɓatar koguna da ruwan bakin teku daga sharar birni da ma'adinai.

Peru wata jam'iyya ce ga yarjejeniyar muhalli ta kasa da kasa masu zuwa: Yarjejeniyar Antarctic, Yarjejeniyar muhalli ta Antarctic, Biodiversity, Canjin yanayi, Desertification, Dabbobi masu haɗari, haramtacciyar gwajin nukiliya, Kare Yankin Ozone, gurɓataccen jirgin ruwa, Katako na Tropical 83, Katako na 94, Wetlands, Whaling. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasar ta sanya hannu, amma ba ta tabbatar da yarjejeniyar Canjin Yanayi-Kyoto ba.

Peru tana da iko da Tafkin Titicaca, tafkin da ya fi girma a duniya, tare da Bolivia.

 Gidajen birni 
Birnin da ya fi yawan jama'a a kasar shine 2" href="./Lima" id="mw0A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lima">Lima, babban birnin Peru. Yankin birni na Lima yana da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 10. Birane na biyu da na uku mafi girma a kasar, 2" href="./Callao" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Callao">Callao da Arequipa, suna da kusan mutane miliyan 1.3 da 1.2. Ana samun biranen birane masu tasowa a Peru a yankunan bakin teku da arewa. Akwai mutane miliyan 32.1 da ke zaune a Peru. Kashi na birane a Peru shine 79.2%, kuma yana da karuwar shekara-shekara na 1.57%. Lima ta kasance wani ɓangare na Manyan birane a Amurka, kuma tana da kashi 31.7% na yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Yawan yawan jama'ar Peru shine mutane 25 / km2 ko 57 / mi2 . Lima wani abu ne da ke jan miliyoyin 'yan Peruvian daga unguwanni zuwa babban birnin. Wannan ƙaura ta cikin birane shine sakamakon yaduwa a kusa da Lima. Wadannan wurare masu yawa an san su da "Pueblos Jóvenes". Matasan garuruwa da Lima sun hada da babban birni wanda ya kai kilomita  (125 . 

Ci gaban birane yana kawo matsaloli ga yankin birni da muhalli. Lima ita ce birni mafi gurɓata a Latin Amurka. Yawan jama'a da ci gaban birane sun sa 'yan Peruvian su yi amfani da wuraren kore don zubar da shara. Wannan yana haifar da gurɓataccen kogin Rimac wanda ke ba da ruwa ga yankin birni.

Haɓakar birane ta manta da wuraren tarihi, rushewa ko "huacas", waɗanda ake maye gurbin su don gine-gine, hanyoyi, da dai sauransu. Lima gida ce ta shafuka 400 na 46,000 a cikin ƙasar, ƙasar kanta kawai tana adana 1% . 

 Climate 

 Amazon Basin or Low Amazon 
Yankunan gabashin Peru sun hada da Amazon Basin ko selva baja, yankin da ya fi girma a arewa fiye da kudu. Yana wakiltar kusan kashi 60% na yankin ƙasar Peru, wannan yanki ya haɗa da Kogin Amazon, Marañón, Huallaga da Ucayali.

Almost 60% of the country's area is located within this region, () giving Peru the fourth largest area of tropical forest in the world after Brazil, Congo and Indonesia.

 Duwatsun Andes 
Andes yana da mafaka ga mafi yawan yanayi a kasar. Yanayin yana da tsaka-tsaki  kwari kuma yana da danshi a cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo da kuma zuwa gabas. Ruwan sama ya bambanta daga 200 zuwa 1,500  in) a kowace shekara. Lokacin ruwan sama yana farawa a watan Oktoba kuma yana ƙare a watan Afrilu. Watanni mafi ruwan sama shine Janairu zuwa Maris inda za'a iya shafar tafiye-tafiye a wasu lokuta.

Yankin yammacin suna da busasshiyar ruwa zuwa tsaka-tsaki kuma suna samun ruwan sama kawai tsakanin Janairu da Maris. A ƙasa da alamar   , yanayin zafi ya bambanta tsakanin 5 da 15 ° C (41 da 59 ° F) da dare tare da 18 zuwa 25 ° C (64.4 zuwa 77.0 ° F) a rana.

Tsakanin mita 2,500 da 3,500 (8,202 da 11,483 , yanayin zafi ya bambanta daga 0 zuwa 12 ° C (32.0 zuwa 53.6 ° F) da dare kuma daga  zuwa 25 ° C (59 zuwa 77 ° F) a rana. A tsaunuka mafi girma daga mita 3,500 zuwa 4,500 (11,483 zuwa 14,764 , yankin Puna, zafin jiki ya bambanta daga -10 zuwa 8 ° C (14.0 zuwa 46.4 ° F) a cikin dare da 15 ° C (59 ° F) da rana.

Yankunan arewacin Andes da ke kusa da yankunan Cajamarca da Piura suna da yanayin Paramo.

 Yankin bakin teku 
Yankin bakin tekun Peru yanki ne mai yanayin yanayi. Yankin yana fama da sanyi na Humboldt Current, El Niño Southern Oscillation, latitude na wurare masu zafi, da tsaunukan Andes.

Tekun tsakiya da na kudu sun ƙunshi galibin yanayin hamada mai zafi da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi yashi ko gaɓar duwatsu da kwararowar cikin ƙasa.  Kwanaki suna musanya tsakanin sararin samaniya da hazo na lokaci-lokaci a cikin hunturu da kuma sararin samaniyar rana tare da hazo na lokaci-lokaci a lokacin rani, tare da hazo guda ɗaya shine ɗigon haske-zuwa matsakaici na lokaci-lokaci wanda aka sani a gida da sunan garúa.  Waɗannan yankuna galibi ana siffanta su da ƙarancin sanyi (14 °C ko 57.2 °F) da kuma matsakaicin tsayi (29 °C ko 84 °F).  Yanayin zafi da wuya ya faɗi ƙasa 12 °C (53.6 °F) kuma baya wuce 29 °C (84 °F).  Banda shi ne bakin tekun kudu, inda yake samun ɗan dumi da bushewa a mafi yawan shekara a lokacin rana, kuma inda kuma zai iya yin sanyi sosai a lokacin hunturu (8 zuwa 9 °C ko 46.4 zuwa 48.2 °F).).

Yankin arewacin, akasin haka, yana da yanayi mai ban sha'awa mai bushewa, wanda ake kira savanna na wurare masu zafi. Wannan yankin ya fi zafi sosai kuma yana iya zama mai ban tsoro a lokacin watanni na rani, inda ruwan sama yake. Yankin ya bambanta da gabar tekun kudancin ta wurin kasancewar shrubs, gandun daji masu bushewa (Tumbes-Piura dry forests ecoregion), gandun daji na mangrove, kwari masu zafi kusa da koguna kamar Chira da Tumbes. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine  ° C (77 ° F).

 Tsakiyar tsakiya da kudancin gabar teku 
Yankin tsakiya da kudancin suna da yanayin hamada mai zafi, duk da cewa wannan yankin yana cikin wurare masu zafi. Humboldt Current, wanda ke aiki a matsayin dalilin bambancin yanayi, yana da 7 zuwa 8 ° C (13 zuwa 14 ° F) sanyi fiye da teku na wurare masu zafi a 14 zuwa 19 ° C (57 zuwa 66 ° F), don haka hana yanayin zafi mai zafi daga bayyana. Bugu da ƙari, saboda tsawo na Andes cordillera, babu wani wucewar girgije mai zafi daga Amazon zuwa gabar teku, yanayin ya fi sanyi fiye da na irin wannan latitudes na wurare masu zafi. Wannan na iya haifar da zafi da hazo mai yawa a cikin watanni na hunturu.

Bugu da ƙari, tsaunukan Andes suna kusa da bakin teku, wani abu na ƙasa wanda ke hana cumulus ko cumulonimbus girgije daga bayyana. Sabili da haka, an halicci tasirin inuwa, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a wannan yankin.

Ruwan sama yana da matsakaicin   in) a kowace shekara kusa da iyakar Chile zuwa   in) a kowane shekara  tekun arewa da kusa da Andes.

'Yanci tsakiya na tsakiya ya ƙunshi yankuna ciki har da La Libertad, Ancash da Lima, waɗanda ke da yanayi mai kama da bazara a mafi yawan shekara. Rana mai hazo da rana suna haɗuwa a kusa da dunes masu laushi a mafi yawan shekara.

Yawancin lokacin rani (Fabrairu-Afrilu) suna da yanayin zafi mai kyau daga 19 zuwa 21 ° C (66 zuwa 70 ° F) a cikin dare zuwa kusan 28 zuwa 29 ° C (82 zuwa 84 ° F) da rana. Winters (Agusta-Oktoba) suna da zafi sosai, kuma suna daga 12 zuwa 15 ° C (54 zuwa 59 ° F) a cikin dare zuwa kusa da  zuwa 18 ° C (6 zuwa 64 ° F) da rana. Lokacin bazara (Nuwamba-Janairu) da kaka (Mayu-Yuli) watanni suna da yanayi mai kyau wanda ke daga  ° C (73 ° F) a rana zuwa kusan 17 ° C (63 ° F). Motsawa cikin ƙasa zuwa cikin kwarin Yunga, yanayin yana da ~ 3 ° C (5.4 ° F) ya bushe kuma ya fi zafi a kowane wata.

Kudancin bakin tekun, wanda ya ƙunshi yankunan Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua da Tacna, yana da bushewa da zafi a lokacin rana don kowane yanayi, ko da yake sanyi a cikin hunturu.  Akwai yankuna da suka shahara da dunƙulen yashi da hamada masu ban sha'awa waɗanda, a wani ɓangare, saboda bushewar yanayi da zafi.  Zazzabi a wannan yanki na iya kaiwa zuwa 36 °C (97 °F) a yankin Nazca yayin da yankunan ƙasa zasu iya faɗuwa zuwa 8 ko 9 °C (46 ko 48 °F) a cikin watannin hunturu.  A cikin yini, da wuya yanayin zafi ke ƙasa da 22 ko 23 °C (72 ko 73 °F) na duk watannin shekara.  Wannan yana nufin ra'ayin cewa kudancin tekun yana da yanayi mai kama da hamada, kodayake ana samun bambancin zafin rana kamar yadda suke yi a wasu yankuna a cikin latitudes na wurare masu zafi.  Sau da yawa sararin sama yana samuwa a yankunan hamada kuma, ko da yake ba a saba gani ba, a kusa da tsaunin bakin teku kuma, waɗanda ke da kifaye iri-iri da dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa.

 Yankin arewacin 
gabar tekun arewa ta ƙunshi yankin gabas na Lambayeque, yankin Piura da yankin Tumbes.  Suna da alaƙa da samun yanayi daban-daban da yanayin ƙasa daga sauran bakin teku.  Dama tsakanin tafiyar sa'o'i 3 akan hamadar Sechura, wadda ke arewacin yankin Lambayeque da kudancin yankin Piura, ita ce shaidar sauyin yanayi daga hamada mai zafi na gama-gari da aka samu a kudu zuwa ga tasirin yanayin zafi na yanayin bushewar yanayi ko kuma savanna na wurare masu zafi.  Misalan wannan su ne busassun dazuzzukan da suka fara bayyana.  Sun ƙunshi bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi masu ƙaya, bishiyar carob, bishiyoyi faique, bishiyoyin guayacan, bishiyar hualtaco, bishiyar palo santo, bishiyoyin ceibo da dazuzzukan mangrove na bakin teku.  Har ila yau, yanki ne na halittu masu rai inda ake iya lura da namun daji na yau da kullun kamar kada, dabbobi masu rarrafe, iguanas, boas, pava aliblanca, anteater, bear, sloth (bearh) da sauran su.

Wannan canjin yanayi yana faruwa ne sakamakon kasancewar dumin El Niño a halin yanzu a cikin watannin bazara (Disamba zuwa Afrilu), da El Niño Phenomenon na ƙarshe da wucewar gajimare Jungles na Amazon saboda buɗewar tsaunuka da ƙananan tsaunuka na sarkar Andes.  Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke haifar da sauyin yanayi a cikin ɗan gajeren yanayin sa'o'i biyu ko uku da ake iya gani a tsakanin yankin Lambayeque da lardin Sechura, inda ba kawai yanayin yanayin ke canzawa ba amma yanayin zafi na 6 °C (10.8 °F) ko fiye dangane da watan.  Yana kusa da gaɓar yankin Sechura kai tsaye inda sanyin Humboldt na yanzu da dumin El Niño ke haɗuwa, a kusan 5° zuwa 6° kudu da equator.  Daga wannan lokaci, yanayin zafi ya fi yawa, kuma babu ainihin lokacin hunturu.  Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana tsakanin 24.5-27 ° C (76.1-80.6 °F)..

Lokacin bazara (Disamba zuwa Maris) ya fi zafi kuma yana da zafi sosai, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi wanda ya bambanta daga  ° C (77 ° F) a cikin dare zuwa kusan  ° C (93.2 ° F) da rana, kodayake arewacin Lambayeque zai iya kaiwa  ° C (104 ° F). Winters (Yuni-Satumba) sun fi sanyi a cikin dare; a kusa da  ° C (60.8 ° F) a cikin dare, zuwa kusa da  ° C (80.6 ° F) da rana.

Akwai wuraren da aka kare a Tumbes da Piura kamar Coto de Caza El Angolo da Cerros de Amotape National Park, tare da gandun daji masu bushewa da ke kudu da Ecuador. Yankunan gabashin Lambayeque suma suna da gandun daji masu bushewa, inda Yankin Kula da Tsaro na Chaparrí ke cikin Chongoyape. Wadannan gandun daji suna da mahimmanci na haɗi tare da kwandon Amazon ta hanyar Marañón (wani yanki inda akwai gandun daji masu bushewa na wurare masu zafi). 

dazuzzukan mangrove suna cikin takamaiman yankuna huɗu daga Sechura zuwa Tumbes. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, gandun daji na mangrove suna a ƙarshen kogin Piura a Lardin Sechura (mafi kudancin mangroves a cikin Tekun Pacific). A arewa, ƙarshen Kogin Chira, Kogin Tumbes, da Kogin Zarumilla suma suna da gandun daji na mangrove da ke gudana cikin teku.

Yankin: filin yammacin bakin teku (costa), Andes mai tsawo da tsayi a tsakiya (sierra), gandun daji na gabashin Amazon Basin (selva).

Albarkatun halitta: jan ƙarfe, azurfa, zinariya, man fetur, katako, kifi, ƙarfe, kwal, phosphate, potash, wutar lantarki.

 Abubuwa masu tsanani 
Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Peru, wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.

 Yankin arewacin: Kogin Putumayo (00°02′21.42096′′S 75°11′33.909′′W / 0.0392836000°S 75.19275250°W / -0.0392838000; -75.19275 250 (River Putumayo) (North))) a cikin Gundumar Teniente Manuel Clavero, Lardin Putumayo, Yankin Loreto
 Yankin kudu: Tekun Pacific (18°21′00.41832′′S 70°22′34.7538′′W / 18.3501162000°S 70.376320500°W / -18.3501162,000; -70.376320 500 (Kudancin) a cikin Gundumar La Yarada-Los Palos, Lardin Tacna, Yankin Tacna
 Yammacin Yamma: ko dai Punta Pariñas (04°40′45′′S 81°19′35′′W / 4.67917°S 81.32639°W / -4.67917; -81.32629 (Punta))) a cikin Gundumar La Brea, Lardin Talara, Yankin Piura ko Tekun Pacific (1.27 kilomita (1  kudu da Punta Pari23′56.6238′′S 81 °19′41.64924′′W / West32356.000 (Lardin LaPacific) Yankin Piura
 Matsayi mafi gabas: Bakin Kogin Heath (12°30′09.20916′′S 68°39′11.07468′′W / 12.5025581000°S 68.6530763000°W / -12.5025581,000; -68.6530763,000 (Bakin Kogin Heath (Gabas))) a cikin Gundumar Tambopata, Lardin Tambopata, Yankin Madre de Dios

 Aikin noma 
Yankunan noma na Peru sun kai kashi 18.5% na jimlar yankin Peru, kashi mafi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da maƙwabtanta waɗanda ke da matsakaicin kusan kashi 22% na ƙasar noma. Amfanin gona na yau da kullun sun haɗa da, amma ba a iyakance su ga kayan lambu kamar dankali da maniyyi ba; albasa ciki har da chilies da paprika; kayan lambu irin su asparagus, tumatir; quinoa; kiwicha; da 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar mango, 'ya'ya'yan itace, citrus, da ayaba. Matsayin 'yan ƙasa marasa abinci mai gina jiki da yara da ke fama da rashin abinci mai ginaɗi ya ragu sosai daga ƙasa da miliyan shida zuwa sama da miliyan biyu tsakanin shekara ta  2000 da shekarar  2017, yayin da wadatar abinci ta karu daga kashi 105 zuwa 117 na makamashi tsakanin shekara ta  2000 da shekarar 2017.

 Rashin lalacewar muhalli 
Yayin da samar da abinci a Peru ke ƙaruwa, manoma suna cika ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki tare da nitrogen da tushe na phosphorus. Overaturation na abubuwan gina jiki yana haifar da eutrophication a cikin ruwa da ke kusa, wanda ke haifar da wuraren da suka mutu. Kasuwancin carbon saboda masana'antu da sarrafa abinci yana haifar da rage ingancin iska wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga dumamar duniya wanda ke kara tsananin bala'o'i na halitta kuma yana da acid a cikin teku, wanda ke haifar da farfadowa mai yawa a cikin coral reefs, wanda hakan ke lalata yanayin halittu na teku. "Peru". fao.org. Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 28 November 2018. 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba