Hakkin LGBTQ a Zimbabwe

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Zimbabwe suna fuskantar ƙalubalen shari'a waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Tun daga shekara ta 1995, Gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta gudanar da kamfen akan haƙƙin LGBTQ. An rarraba sodomy a matsayin halayyar jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an bayyana shi a cikin Dokar Laifi a matsayin ko dai jima'i na baya ko duk wani "aiki mara kyau" tsakanin manya masu yarda. Tun daga shekara ta 1995, gwamnati ta gudanar da kamfen akan maza da mata masu luwadi.

Zimbabwe tana da bambanci sosai da makwabciyar Afirka ta Kudu, da Mozambique, wacce ta kafa kariya ta LGBTQ a karni na 21. Tsarin Mulki na Zimbabwe ya haramta auren jinsi guda, kuma mutanen LGBTQ ba sa jin daɗin kariya ta doka daga nuna bambanci, tashin hankali da cin zarafi. Membobin al'ummar LGBTQ suna da matukar damuwa a bangarorin shari'a da zamantakewa. A sakamakon haka, mutane da yawa sun zaɓi su kasance a cikin ɗaki, su kashe kansa, ko kuma su yi hijira, tare da sanannen wurin zama Afirka ta Kudu saboda dokokin gay-friendly. Koyaya, tun lokacin da aka tilasta wa Robert Mugabe cire shi daga shugabancin a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, masu gwagwarmayar LGBTQ sun nuna fatan cewa za a girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam.

Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2018, kashi 50% na maza masu luwadi a Zimbabwe an yi musu hari a zahiri kuma iyalansu sun musanta kashi 64%. Kashi 27% na 'Yan mata sun kuma bayar da rahoton rashin amincewa.

An yarda da luwadi, Jima'i guda ɗaya da kuma tufafi na giciye kuma sun zama ruwan dare a Zimbabwe kafin mulkin mallaka da kuma manufofin gwamnati na White bayan samun 'yancin kai, wanda hakan ya yada kuskuren gaskata cewa luwadi ba na Afirka ba ne ko kuma wani abu na Yammacin da aka kawo kasar. An rubuta ayyukan luwadi tsakanin Mutanen San, mutanen Khoikhoi, mutanen Ndebele da Mutanen Shona. 

 Tarihin luwadi a Zimbabwe a zamanin mulkin mallaka 
Mutanen San, waɗanda suka zauna a Kudancin Afirka dubban shekaru, an san su da yin jima'i. Wani sanannen zane-zane na dutse na San, wanda ke kusa da Guruve, ya nuna maza uku suna yin jima'i. An kiyasta cewa zanen ya kasance kusan 8,000 BC, kodayake wasu kimantawa a maimakon haka sun bayyana cewa zanen yana da kimanin shekaru 2,000. A cikin karni na 18, mutanen Khoikhoi sun gane kalmomin , wanda ke nufin mutumin da ke karɓar jima'i ga wani mutum, da , wanda ke nuna jima'i na jima'i yawanci tsakanin abokai. Har ila yau, jima'i tsakanin mata ya faru, kodayake ba su da yawa. A cikin waɗannan al'ummomin, ba a kallon luwadi a matsayin tsayayya da luwadi ba. Lalle ne, akwai 'yanci da yawa don motsawa tsakanin su biyu, da kuma yin jima'i tare da maza da mata. An kuma san Mutanen Bantu da yin jima'i na jinsi ɗaya. Kafin yaƙi, maza Ndebele za su yi jima'i da juna, yawanci Jima'i tsakanin yara. Maza masu ban sha'awa a cikin al'ummar Ndebele galibi sukan zama masu warkarwa da shugabannin ruhaniya."The "politics" of sexual identities in Zimbabwe: A Social Work perspective?" (PDF). Daga cikin mutanen Shona da Ndebele, ana kallon jima'i na jinsi ɗaya a tarihi a matsayin nau'in sake makamai na ruhaniya (watau a matsayin tushen sabon iko ga yankunansu). 

A cewar Marc Epprecht, luwadi ya karu tsakanin mazajen Afirka a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Ko da yake yana da rikice-rikice, shirye-shiryen lalata sun fara bayyana a wasu birane da sansanonin aiki a farkon 1907. Matasa maza (wanda ake kira a Shona, wanda aka fi sani da matar yaro a Turanci) yawanci za su yi ado kamar mata, su yi ayyukan gida da ke da alaƙa da mata, kamar dafa abinci da ɗaukar ruwa da itace, kuma suna yin jima'i tare da tsofaffin mazajensu. Bugu da ƙari, ba a yarda su girma gemu ko zubar da ciki ba. Bayan ya kai namiji, za a rushe dangantakar, kuma yaron-matar zai iya ɗaukar  na kansa idan ya so. Wadannan auren wani lokacin ana kiransu "auren nawa" kamar yadda suka kasance sananne tsakanin masu hakar ma'adinai. Epprecht ya kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 70% zuwa 80% na masu hakar ma'adinai na Zimbabwe suna da ngotshana."The "politics" of sexual identities in Zimbabwe: A Social Work perspective?" (PDF). Sauran dangantakar maza da luwadi a farkon zamanin mulkin mallaka sun haɗa da al'amuran soyayya, karuwanci, fyade, da cin zarafin jima'i. Marc Epprecht ya bayyana cewa yawancin mutanen Zimbabwe sun yi imanin cewa luwadi ba na Afirka ba ne, wanda ya haifar da cutar da fararen mazauna daga Turai suka gabatar. Binciken Epprecht na shari'o'in kotu 250 daga 1892 zuwa 1923 ya sami shari'o-tafiye daga farkon bayanan. Shari'o'in biyar na 1892 duk sun shafi baƙar fata na Afirka. Wani kariya da aka bayar shi ne cewa "sodomy" wani bangare ne na "al'ada". A wani lamari, an kira wani shugaban don ya ba da shaida game da azabtarwa na al'ada kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa hukuncin tarar saniya ɗaya ce, wanda ya fi kasa da hukuncin zina. A duk lokacin, Epprecht ya sami ma'auni na baƙar fata da fararen da ake tuhuma daidai da wannan a cikin yawan jama'a. Ya lura, duk da haka, abin da ya zo ga hankalin kotuna - yawancin dangantakar da aka amince da ita a cikin sirri ba lallai ba ne ta haifar da sanarwa. Wasu shari'o'i sun kawo su ne daga abokan hulɗa waɗanda aka sauke su ko waɗanda ba su sami diyya da aka yi alkawari ba daga tsohon abokin jima'i. Kuma kodayake al'ada ita ce ga ƙaramin namiji ya kwanta kuma kada ya nuna wani jin daɗi, ba tare da tsammanin wani jima'i ba, Epprecht ya sami wani lamari inda wasu baƙar fata maza biyu suka dakatar da dangantakarsu ta jima'i saboda tsoron daukar ciki, amma ɗayan yana so ya ci gaba da juyawa yana shiga juna.

A rubuce-rubuce a cikin karni na 19 game da yankin kudu maso yammacin Zimbabwe na yau, David Livingstone ya tabbatar da cewa ikon mallakar mata ta tsofaffi shugabannin shine ainihin alhakin "laifuka" da samari ke yi. Edwin W. Smith da A. Murray Dale sun ambaci wani mutum mai magana da Ila wanda ya yi ado kamar mace, ya yi aikin mata, ya zauna kuma ya kwanta tsakanin, amma ba tare da mata ba. Ila ta lakafta irin waɗannan mutane , wanda aka fassara a matsayin "annabi". Sun kuma ambaci cewa lalata ba sabon abu ba ne, "amma an dauke shi da haɗari saboda haɗarin cewa yaron zai yi ciki".

 Manazarta