Yanayin ƙasa na Tristan da Cunha

Tristan da Cunha tsibiri ne na tsibirai biyar a kudancin Tekun Atlantika, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine tsibirin Tristan da Cunha kanta kuma na biyu mafi girma, wurin tsuntsaye mai nisa, Tsibirin Gough . Ya zama wani ɓangare na yanki mai faɗi da ake kira Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha wanda ya haɗa da Saint Helena da Ascension Island .

 Wurin da bayanin 
Wannan tsibirin, kilomita 1500 (2500) daga nahiyoyin Afirka da Kudancin Amurka, yana daya daga cikin wuraren zama mafi nisa a duniya. Ya ƙunshi tsibirai masu zuwa: 

 babban tsibirin Tristan da Cunha da tsibirai da ke kewaye da shi Tristan daCunha, babban tsibirin kuma mafi girma (37°6′44′′S 12°16′56′′W / 37.11222°S 12.28222°W / -37.11222; -12.28222 (Tristan da Cunha)) yanki: murabba'in kilomita 98 (38 sq mi) [1] Yankin tsibirin da ba a iya shiga ba a iya zuwa 14 murabba'i (s) Yankin tsibirai na Nightingale: murabba-kilomita 1.4 (1.3 sq mi) Yankin) Yankin murabba'ir kilomita 0.1 sq mi) 
 Tristan da Cunha, babban tsibirin kuma mafi girma (37°6′44′′S 12°16′56′′W / 37.11222°S 12.28222°W / -37.11222; -12.28222 (Tristan da Cunha)) yanki:  kilomita 98 (38 sq  
 Yankin tsibirin da ba a iya shiga ba:  kilomita 14 (5.4 sq  
 Yankin Tsibirin Nightingale:  kilomita 3.4 (1.3 sq  Yankin tsibiri na Nightingale, murabba'i kilomita 3.2 (1.2 sq mi) Yanayin tsibirin Tsakiya: murabbaʼin kilomita 0.1 (25 acres) Yankin Tsibirin Stoltenhoff: murabba" kilomita 0.1 (acre 25) 
 Yankin Tsibirin Nightingale:  kilomita 3.2 (1.2 sq  
 Yankin Tsibirin Tsakiya: murabba'in kilomita 0.1 (25 kadada) 
 Yankin Tsibirin Stoltenhoff: murabba'in kilomita 0.1 (25 kadada) 
 Gough Island (Diego Alvarez) yanki:  kilomita 68 (26 sq  yana da mahimmanci a matsayin mafi girman tsibirin tsibirin sanyi mai sanyi a Kudancin Tekun Atlantika.

Babban tsibirin yana da yawan tuddai;  yanki daya tilo shine babban birnin, Edinburgh na Tekuna bakwai, a gabar tekun arewa maso yamma, da kuma yankin noma mai suna Potato Patches.  Mafi girman matsayi shine dutsen mai aman wuta da ake kira kololuwar Sarauniya Maryama mai tsayin mita 2,062 (6,765 ft);  dusar ƙanƙara ce ta rufe ta a lokacin hunturu kuma an jera ta a matsayin babban kololuwa.  Ana tunanin Tristan da Cunha ta samo asali ne daga cibiyar magma mai daɗaɗɗen rai da ake kira Tristan hotspot.

Yanayin yanayi yana da sanyi-tsaki tare da ƙananan bambance-bambance na zafin jiki tsakanin bazara da hunturu (11.3 zuwa 14.5 ° C ko 52.3 zuwa 58.1 ° F) da kuma tsakanin rana da dare. Sandy Point a gabar gabas an san shi da wuri mafi dumi da bushewa a tsibirin, kasancewar yana cikin iska mai yawa.

Ko da ƙananan tsibiran suna da wasu murfin shuke-shuke, tare da manyan ferns da gansakuka.  Flora a kan tarin tarin tsibiri ya ƙunshi nau'ikan halittu masu yawa da yawa waɗanda ke da fa'ida mai faɗi a cikin Kudancin Atlantic da Kudancin Tekun Pasifik.  Don haka yawancin nau'ikan da ke faruwa a Tristan da Cunha suna faruwa har zuwa New Zealand.  Misali, an fara tattara nau'in Neterra depressa a cikin Tristan da Cunha, [1] amma tun daga lokacin an yi rikodin abin da ya faru har zuwa New Zealand. 

 Dabbobi 
Tristan da Cunha gida ne ga nau'o'in da ke tafiya a teku ciki har da hatimin furen subantarctic, hatimin giwa na kudanci da tsuntsaye kamar su arewacin rockhopper penguins da macaroni penguins. Tsibirin suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwar tsuntsayen da aka kafa a tsibirin da kuma haihuwar tsuntsayen teku, daga cikinsu nau'in nau'i ashirin suna gida a tsibirin Gough kadai. Muhimman nau'o'in sun hada da Tristan albatross, Tristan thrush, Tristan bunting, Gough bunting,Gough moorhen, Atlantic petrel, da kuma Inaccessible Island rail. Dabbobi masu rarrafe kawai sune Tristiidon Sol da Tristiidon lunata. Babu amphibians na asali, kifi na ruwa mai laushi, ko dabbobi masu shayarwa na ƙasa.

 Yanayin ɗan adam 
Baya ga Tristan da Cunha, wanda aka kafa a matsayin tushe don kifi da hatimi a karni na 18, tsibirin kungiyar ba su da mazauna sai dai tashar yanayi a tsibirin Gough na Afirka ta Kudu. Kifi har yanzu yana da muhimmiyar aiki ta tattalin arziki musamman ga crayfish da octopus amma kuma Tristan rock lobster  (Jasus tristani) . An kuma yi amfani da tsibirin Gough a matsayin tushe don kifi da hatimi amma na ɗan lokaci ne kawai. Tsibirin suna karɓar ƙananan masu yawon bude ido.

 Barazanar da adanawa 
An gabatar da tumaki da shanu a kan Tristan da Cunha kuma kiwo, tare da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam, ya haifar da lalacewar yanayin tsibirin. Kifi na dare ya haifar da mutuwar tsuntsayen teku da yawa yayin da suka fadi cikin fitilun jiragen ruwa.