Anthropocene

Anthropocene kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita don komawa ga lokacin da bil'adama ya zama ƙarfin canji na duniya. Ya bayyana a cikin maganganun kimiyya da zamantakewa, musamman game da hanzarta canje-canje na geophysical da biochemical waɗanda ke nuna ƙarni na 20 da 21 a Duniya. Asalin tsari ne na sabon lokacin ilimin ƙasa bayan Holocene, an ƙi shi a cikin 2024 ta Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy (ICS) da Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya (IUGS).

An yi amfani da kalmar a cikin bincike da ya shafi ruwan duniya, ilimin ƙasa, geomorphology, shimfidar wuri, limnology, ilimin ruwa, yanayin muhalli da yanayi .   Ana iya ganin tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam a duniya, alal misali, dangane da asarar ɗimbin halittu, da sauyin yanayi . An gabatar da kwanakin farawa daban-daban don Anthropocene, kama daga farkon juyin juya halin Neolithic (12,000-15,000). shekaru da suka wuce), zuwa kwanan nan kamar 1960s. Masanin ilimin halitta Eugene F. Stoermer an lasafta shi da farko da ya yi amfani da kalmar anthropocene ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin 1980s; Paul J. Crutzen ya sake ƙirƙira kuma ya shahara da kalmar. 

Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Anthropocene (AWG) ta Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) na ICS ta kada kuri'a a watan Afrilun 2016 don ci gaba zuwa ga tsari na zinariya (GSSP) don bayyana zamanin Anthropoceno a cikin sikelin lokacin geologic. Kungiyar ta gabatar da shawarar ga Taron Geological na Duniya a watan Agustan 2016. 

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, AWG ta kada kuri'a don amincewa da gabatar da wata shawara ga ICS nan da shekarar 2021. Shirin ya sami alamun stratigraphic zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20.   Wannan lokacin ya yi daidai da farkon Babban Saurin, lokacin bayan yakin duniya na biyu wanda yawan jama'a na duniya, gurɓata da amfani da albarkatun kasa duk sun karu sosai. Har ila yau, Atomic Age ya fara ne a tsakiyar karni na 20, lokacin da haɗarin Yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya, Ta'addanci na nukiliya, da Hadarin nukiliya suka karu.

An zaɓi shafuka goma sha biyu na 'yan takara don GSSP; a ƙarshe an gabatar da turɓaya na Crawford Lake, Kanada, a watan Yulin 2023, don nuna ƙananan iyakar Anthropocene, farawa da matakin Crawfordian / shekarun a cikin 1950.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, bayan shekaru 15 na shawarwari, SQS ta kada kuri'ar da aka gabatar da Anthropocene Epoch, saboda yawancin rikodin sa da kuma kwanan nan da aka gabatar. ICS da IUGS daga baya sun tabbatar da shi a hukumance, ta hanyar kuri'un da suka dace, kin amincewa da shawarar Anthropocene Epoch na AWG don hadawa a cikin Geologic Time Scale. Sanarwar IUGS game da kin amincewa ta kammala: "Duk da kin amincewarta a matsayin sashi na Geologic Time Scale, Anthropocene duk da haka za a ci gaba da amfani da shi ba kawai daga masana kimiyya na duniya da muhalli ba, har ma da masana kimiyya na zamantakewa, 'yan siyasa da masana tattalin arziki, da kuma jama'a gaba ɗaya. Zai kasance mai bayyana tasirin ɗan adam a kan tsarin Duniya. " 

 Ci gaban ra'ayin 
Wani ra'ayi na farko na Anthropocene shine Noosphere na Vladimir Vernadsky, wanda a cikin 1938 ya rubuta game da "tunanin kimiyya a matsayin ikon ilimin ƙasa". Masana kimiyya a Tarayyar Soviet sun bayyana sun yi amfani da kalmar Anthropocene tun farkon shekarun 1960 don komawa ga Quaternary, lokacin ilimin ƙasa na baya-bayan nan. 

Masanin ilimin muhalli Eugene F. Stoermer daga baya ya yi amfani da Anthropocene tare da ma'ana daban-daban a cikin shekarun 1980  kuma kalmar ta shahara sosai a cikin 2000 ta hanyar likitan yanayi Paul J. Crutzen,   wanda ya ɗauki tasirin halayyar ɗan adam a kan yanayin duniya a cikin ƙarni na baya-bayan nan kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci don samar da sabon zamanin ilimin ƙasa.Dawson, Ashley (2016). Extinction: A radical history. OR Books. p. 19. ISBN 978-1944869014.

 Manazarta 
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