Medgar Evers

Medgar Wiley Evers (/ˈmɛdɡər/; 2 ga Yuli, 1925 - 12 ga Yuni, 1963) ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama na Amurka kuma soja wanda shine sakataren filin farko na NAACP a Mississippi . Evers, tsohon sojan Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a yakin duniya na biyu, ya shiga cikin kokarin kawar da wariyar launin fata a Jami'ar Mississippi, kawo karshen rarrabewar wuraren jama'a, da fadada damar ga 'Yan Afirka na Afirka, gami da aiwatar da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a kafin kisansa.

Bayan kwaleji, Evers ya zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama a cikin shekarun 1950. Bayan hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke a shekarar 1954 a Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi cewa makarantun jama'a da aka ware ba su dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba, ya kalubalanci rarrabewar Jami'ar Mississippi da ke tallafawa jihar. Evers ya nemi makarantar shari'a a can, saboda jihar ba ta da makarantar shari'ar jama'a ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka. Ya kuma yi aiki don haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, damar tattalin arziki, samun damar yin amfani da wuraren jama'a, da sauran canje-canje a cikin al'ummar da aka ware. A cikin 1963, an ba Evers lambar yabo ta NAACP Spingarn .

An kashe Evers a 1963 a gidansa a Jackson, Mississippi, yanzu Medgar da Myrlie Evers Home National Monument, ta Byron De La Beckwith,  memba na Majalisar White Citizens a Jackson. 

Kisan Evers da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje sun haifar da zanga-zangar kare hakkin bil'adama. Rayuwarsa da mutuwarsa sun yi wahayi zuwa ga ayyukan fasaha, kiɗa, da fim da yawa. Kodayake dukkan fararen juriya sun kasa cimma hukunci a cikin shari'o'i biyu na farko na De La Beckwith a cikin shekarun 1960, an yanke masa hukunci a 1994 bisa ga sabon shaida. Gwauruwar Evers, Myrlie Evers, ta zama sananniyar mai fafutuka a kanta, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kasa ta NAACP. A shekara ta 1969, bayan wucewar dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da Dokar Kare Hakkin Zabe ta 1965, an zabi ɗan'uwan Medgar, Charles, a matsayin magajin gari na Fayette, Mississippi. Shi ne Ba'amurke na farko da aka zaba a matsayin magajin gari na birnin Mississippi a zamanin bayan sake ginawa.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Medgar Wiley Evers a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1925, a Decatur, Mississippi, ta uku cikin yara biyar (ciki har da ɗan'uwansa Charles Evers) na Jesse (Wright) da James Evers .  Iyalin sun hada da 'ya'ya biyu na Jesse daga auren da ya gabata. Iyalin Evers sun mallaki karamin gona kuma James ya yi aiki a wani sawmill. Evers da 'yan uwansa sun yi tafiya kilomita 12 (19 kilomita) a rana don halartar makarantun wariyar launin fata; Medgar daga ƙarshe ya sami difloma na makarantar sakandare.
A shekara ta 1943, Evers ya shiga cikin Sojojin Amurka yana da shekara 17; an motsa shi ya yi hakan ne saboda wariyar launin fata da ya fuskanta a gida da kuma Charles ya shiga cikin Sashin. Evers ya yi aiki a cikin Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na 657, ƙungiyar da aka ware ta Sojojin Sufuri, ta shiga cikin saukowar Normandy a watan Yunin 1944. A Faransa, ƙungiyar Evers ta kasance wani ɓangare na Red Ball Express, wanda ya ba da kayan aiki ga sojojin Allied da ke fada a kan gaba. A lokacin da yake cikin Sojoji, Evers ya yi fushi da rarrabewa da rashin kulawa da sojojin Afirka-Amurka suka jimre. Da yake shaida sojojin baƙar fata na Free French Forces ana bi da su daidai da fararen sojojin, ya taɓa gaya wa Charles cewa "Lokacin da muka fita daga Sojoji, za mu gyara wannan abu!"

A shekara ta 1946, an sallami Evers daga Sojoji a matsayin mai fasaha na biyar, bayan ya sami lambar yabo ta Good Conduct, lambar yabo ta Yakin Turai-Afirka-Middle Eastern, da lambar yabo ta Yaƙin Duniya na II. Bayan ya dawo Decatur, Evers ya shiga makarantar baƙar fata ta Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College a shekarar 1948, inda ya fi dacewa da gudanar da kasuwanci. Ya kuma yi gasa a kan muhawara, kwallon kafa, da ƙungiyoyin waƙa, ya raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa, kuma an zabe shi a matsayin ƙaramin shugaban aji. Evers ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a shekarar 1952. A ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, 1951, Evers ta auri abokiyar ajiyarta Myrlie Beasley. Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku tare: Darrell Kenyatta, Reena Denise, da James Van Dyke .  

 Yunkurin fafutuka 
Ma'auratan sun koma Mound Bayou, Mississippi, wani gari da 'yan Afirka suka bunkasa bayan yakin basasa. Evers ya zama mai siyarwa ga Kamfanin Inshora na Rayuwa na T. R. M. Howard.

Da yake aiki a cikin ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Yankin Jagorancin Negro (RCNL), wanda ya fara shirya ayyuka don kawo karshen wariyar launin fata;  Evers ya taimaka wajen shirya kauracewa na RCNL na waɗancan tashoshin man fetur waɗanda suka hana baƙi amfani da dakunan wanka na tashoshin. Shi da ɗan'uwansa, Charles, sun halarci taron shekara-shekara na RCNL a Mound Bayou tsakanin 1952 da 1954, wanda ya jawo taron mutane 10,000 ko fiye.

 Mutuwa 

 A cikin al'adun gargajiya 

 Waƙoƙi 
Mai kiɗa Bob Dylan ya rubuta waƙarsa "Kawai Pawn a Wasan su" game da kisan a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1963, a kan abin da zai kasance ranar haihuwar Evers ta 38. Nina Simone ta rubuta kuma ta raira "Mississippi Goddam" game da shari'ar Evers. Phil Ochs ya ambaci Evers a cikin waƙar "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙin "Another Country" da "Too Many Martyrs" (wanda ake kira "The Ballad of Medgar Evers") don mayar da martani ga kisan. Malvina Reynolds ta yi nuni da kisan Evers a cikin waƙarta, "Ba da kyau". Matthew Jones da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba Freedom Singers sun rubuta wani nau'i na waƙar ta ƙarshe. Kundin Wadada Leo Smith mai suna Ten Freedom Summers ya ƙunshi waƙar da ake kira "Medgar Evers: A Love-Voice of a Thousand Years' Journey for Liberty and Justice". Jackson C. Frank ta farko album, wanda aka saki a 1965, ya hada da ambaton Medgar Evers a cikin waƙar "Don't Look Back".

 Fim din 
Howard Rollins ne ya nuna Evers a cikin fim din talabijin na 1983 For Us the Living: The Medgar Evers Story . 

Fim din 1996 Ghosts na Mississippi, wanda Rob Reiner ya jagoranta, ya binciki shari'ar De La Beckwith ta 1994 inda mai gabatar da kara DeLaughter na ofishin Lauyan Gundumar Hinds County ya sami hukunci a kotun jihar. James Woods da Alec Baldwin ne suka buga Beckwith da DeLaughter, bi da bi, tare da Whoopi Goldberg a matsayin Myrlie Evers . James Pickens Jr. ne ya nuna Medgar. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga wani littafi mai suna.

A cikin fim din I Am Not Your Negro (2016), Evers yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan gwagwarmayar Black guda uku (sauran biyu sune Martin Luther King Jr. da Malcolm X) waɗanda suka mai da hankali ga tunatarwa ta marubucin James Baldwin, wanda ya ba da labarin yanayin da kuma martani ga kisan Evers. 

A cikin fim din 2011 The Help, an nuna wani shirin Evers yana magana don kare hakkin bil'adama a talabijin, da sauri ya biyo bayan labarai game da kisan gillar da ya yi, da kuma kallon wani labarin da gwauruwarsa ta buga a mujallar Life . 

Fim din fim din 2020 "The Evers" ya ƙunshi tambayoyi tare da danginsa da suka tsira.

Fim din Till na 2022 ya nuna Evers (wanda Tosin Cole ya buga) yana taimakawa Mamie Till-Bradley (Danielle Deadwyler) neman adalci don kisan ɗanta, Emmett Till (Jalyn Hall).

 Talabijin 
Wani labari na 2021 na Extra History from Extra Credits yana magana ne game da Evers, gwagwarmayarsa, da kisan kai.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba