Cap-and-Invest (jihar Washington)

Cap-and-Invest, wani shiri ne da gwamnatin jihar Washington ke gudanarwa don tallafawa manufofin canjin yanayi ta hanyar tsarin Kasuwancin hayaki na carbon, wanda aka fi sani da cap da kasuwanci.

 Tsarin shirin 
Shirin Cap-and-Investment an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar Dokar Kula da Yanayi a cikin 2021.

 Kasuwanci 
Shirin yana amfani da siyarwar siyarwa, inda farashin da kowane mai shiga ya ba da labari ga sauran mahalarta. Bayan an rufe tayin, ana ba mahalarta adadin alawus da suke bayarwa, a cikin tsari na farashi mafi girma da farko, har sai an lissafa duk alawus. Koyaya, farashin da duk mahalarta masu cin nasara ke biya (farashin daidaitawa) shine mafi ƙarancin farashin tayin nasara. Duk wani mai shiga wanda ya ba da farashi ƙasa da farashi na ƙarshe, ba zai sami wani alawus a gwanjo ba, kuma a maimakon haka dole ne ya sayi su a kasuwar sakandare. Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta kuma kafa farashi da rufi don alawus, yana ƙaruwa a tsawon lokaci kuma an daidaita shi don hauhawar farashi. Ya zuwa 2024, mahalarta dole ne su nemi a cikin kuri'un 1,000 allowances.

Kudin Gidauniyar Farashi (APCR) an yi niyya ne don hana farashi karuwa da sauri. Ana kiran waɗannan gwanjo ta atomatik bayan gwanjo inda farashin ya tashi sama da wani ƙofar kuma suna buɗewa ne kawai ga ƙungiyoyi masu gurɓata. A cikin gwanjon APCR, farashin suna daidaitawa a farashin Tier 1 (ƙananan) da Tier 2 (mafi girma), kuma akwai adadin alawus don gwanjo a kowane matakin.

Yawancin alawus suna da "shekara mai mahimmanci", wanda shine shekarar farko da za'a iya amfani da shi don rufe fitar da iska. Ana sayar da takamaiman adadin alawus kafin shekararsu ta zamani. Za'a iya amfani da alawus tare da shekarun da suka gabata a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, amma ba za'a iya yin amfani da alaƙa ba kafin shekararsu ta farko. Misali, ba za a iya amfani da alawus na 2027 a cikin 2026. Kudin da aka siyar a cikin gwanjo na APCR ba su da wani abu kuma ana iya amfani da su a kowace shekara.

 Asusun kudaden shiga na siyarwa 
Kudin shiga da aka samu daga sayar da alawus na carbon ana ajiye shi cikin manyan asusun uku, tare da asusun huɗu waɗanda ke samun kuɗi daga manyan asusun. Kowane asusun yana da ƙuntatawa daban-daban game da yadda za a iya kashe kudade. Dukkanin kudade dole ne Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Washington ta fara amfani da su daga asusun kafin a iya kashe su.
+Sunan asusunAmfani da ake bukataTushen kudadeAsusun Rage Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (CERA) Rage hayaki na sufuri, saka hannun jari a madadin da raguwa ga motocin fasinjoji guda ɗaya, da saka hannun jari cikin shirye-shiryen rage hayaki don jigilar kaya, jiragen ruwa, da tashar jiragen ruwadala miliyan 367 / shekara daga kudaden shiga na gwanjoAsusun Sufuri na YanayiAyyukan Sufuri mai aiki24% na CERAAsusun Shirye-shiryen Jirgin YanayiAyyukan sufuri na jama'aKashi 56% na CERAKasuwancin Yanayin Lafiya na Yanayifadada sa ido kan iska a cikin al'ummomin da ke fama da gurɓataccen iska, da kuma rage bambancin kiwon lafiya a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi> $ 20 miliyan / shekara daga kudaden shiga na gwanjoAsusun Zuba Jari na Yanayi (CIA) An fara amfani da shi don tallafawa gudanarwa na shirin Cap-and-Investment, wanda aka rufe a 5% na jimlar kudaden shiga na gwanjoDuk sauran kudaden shiga na gwanjoAsusun Yarjejeniyar YanayiGoyon bayan sauye-sauyen Washington zuwa tattalin arzikin carbon mai ƙarancin gaske, inganta ingancin iska, da haɓaka damar samun makamashi mai tsabta ga mazaunan WashingtonKashi 75% na CIA bayan farashin gudanarwaAsusun Maganin Yanayi na YanayiKare kifi da wuraren namun daji, inganta yanayin halittu da ingancin ruwa, da kuma karewa daga ambaliyar ruwa25% na CIA bayan farashin gudanarwa

 Biyayya 
Kasuwanci da sauran kamfanonin bayar da rahoto da ake buƙata dole ne su rufe duk hayakin su tare da alawus da / ko ƙididdigar ƙididdiga. Ana auna bin doka a cikin shekaru huɗu, na farko daga cikinsu ya rufe 2023-2026. A kan iyakar bin doka (Nuwamba 1) bayan kowace shekara a cikin lokacin bin doka, dole ne ƙungiyoyi su gabatar da kayan aiki na bin doka da ke rufe akalla kashi 30% na hayakin su daga shekarar da ta gabata. A kan iyakar ƙarshe a cikin lokacin bin doka, ƙungiyoyi dole ne su gabatar da kayan aiki na bin doka da ke rufe duk sauran hayakin su daga lokacin bin doka.
+2023-2026 Shirin Lokaci na Biyayya "Auctions and market - Washington State Department of Ecology". ecology.wa.gov. Retrieved June 1, 2024.RanarAdadin bin doka da ake bukataAn ba da izinin girbiNuwamba 1, 2024Kashi 30 cikin 100 na hayaki na 20232023Nuwamba 1, 202530% na hayaki na 20242023-2024Nuwamba 1, 202630% na hayaki na 20252023-2025Nuwamba 1, 202730% na hayaki 20262023-2026Sauran kashi 70% na duk hayaki na 2023-2026

 Tarihin siyarwa 
Sakamakon teburin siyarwaSiyarwaRanarFarashinAn sayar da alawusKudin da aka samu (miliyoyin) Ƙungiyoyin bin dokaAdadin tayinHHIA halin yanzu # 1Fabrairu '23$48.506,185,222$300 -2.67669Yanzu # 2Mayu '23$56.018,585,000$48189.88%1.95631Ci gaba # 2Mayu '23$31.122,450,000$7673.55%1.44756APCR # 1 Tier 1Agusta '23$51.90527,000$27100%12.791315APCR # 1 Tier 2Agusta '23$66.68527,000$35100%3.111315Yanzu #3Agusta '23$63.035,657,651$54185.46%1.79623APCR # 2 Tier 1Nuwamba '23$51.905,000,000$260100%3.202098A halin yanzu # 4Dis '23$51.897,142,146$37187.00%1.48592Ci gaba # 4Dis '23$45.002,449,760$11069.20%1.66692Jimillar 202338,523,779$2,201Yanzu # 5Mar '24$25.767,442,241$19291.31%1.24697A halin yanzu #6Yuni '24$29.927,802,337$23389.41%1.25697Ci gaba #6Yuni '24$24.021,317,000$3256.04%0.60991A halin yanzu #7Satumba '24$29.887,939,271$23783.20%1.20635APCR # 3 Tier 1Oktoba '24$56.161,022,000$57100%0.34?A halin yanzu #8Dis '24$40.267,985,130$32175.58%1.15597Ci gaba #8Dis '24$26.002,222,832$5861.49%1.14696Jimillar 202435,730,811$1,131A halin yanzu #9Mar '25$50.007,346,095$36781.99%2.29996A halin yanzu #10Yuni '25$58.516,754,086$39593.26%2.441,171Ci gaba #10Yuni '25$26.612,000,000$5366.65%1.081,081YTD 202516,100,181$815Cikakken rayuwarsa90,354,771$4,147

 Tasirin Shirin 2117 
A taron 2024 na Arewacin Amurka, Darakta na Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Jihar Washington, Laura Watson, ta ba da shawarar cewa sakamakon dalilin da ya sa aka sauka farashi na kwatsam don alawus na carbon a cikin gwanjo na farko na shekara shine sakamakon shirin samun kuri'a.

Masu sharhi sun yi tsammanin gwanjo na farko bayan an jefa kuri'a a kan I-2117 don ganin karuwar farashi. Wadannan tsinkaye sun dogara ne akan girman cin nasara don shirin da kuma farashin yanzu don alawus a kasuwannin sakandare. Koyaya, gwanjon Disamba 2024 ya daidaita a $ 40.26 kawai tare da rabo na bid-to-cover na 1.15. Bayanai sun nuna cewa ƙungiyoyin bin doka gabaɗaya suna shiga cikin ƙananan lambobi fiye da yadda ake tsammani, duk da tsinkaye cewa akwai ƙarancin alawus gaba ɗaya