Aaron Henry (ɗan siyasa)

Aaron Henry (2 ga Yuli, 1922 - 19 ga Mayu, 1997) ya kasance shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama na Amurka, ɗan siyasa, kuma shugaban reshen Mississippi na NAACP . Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Democrat Freedom ta Mississippi, wacce ta yi kokarin zama tawagar su a taron Jam'iyyar Democratic National Convention na 1964.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Aaron Henry a Dublin, Mississippi ga iyayen Ed da Mattie Henry, waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin masu cin ganyayyaki. Yayinda yake girma, ya yi aiki a gonar 'yan uwan Flowers, wanda ke da nisan kilomita ashirin a gabashin Clarksdale a Coahoma County. Henry ya ƙi duk abin da ya shafi shuka auduga saboda wahalar da ya kawo wa 'yan Afirka na Afirka da ke aiki a gonar. Iyayen Henry sun yi imanin cewa ilimi yana da mahimmanci ga makomar Henry da iyalinsa; sun ba shi damar halartar makarantar sakandaren aikin gona ta Coahoma County. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, Henry ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na dare a wani motel don samun kudi don kwaleji, amma ya ƙare ya shiga cikin Sojoji. Shekaru uku a cikin sojoji sun koya masa cewa nuna bambancin launin fata da rarrabewa sun zama ruwan dare, lokuta da yawa daga cikinsu ya bayyana wa Robert Penn Warren; an yi amfani da waɗannan a cikin littafinsa Who Speaks for the Negro?.  A lokaci guda, shekarunsa na Sojoji sun tabbatar da tunanin Henry cewa wariyar launin fata ya fi muni a jiharsa. Ya yanke shawarar cewa zai yi aiki don daidaito da adalci ga baƙar fata na Amurka da zaran ya dawo gida bayan yakin. Lokacin da ya koma Clarksdale a 1946, an kafa kungiyar Progressive Voters' League don yin aiki don aiwatar da hukuncin Kotun Koli na 1944 wanda ya soke zaben fidda gwani.

Henry ya lura cewa majalisar dokokin Mississippi ta keɓe tsoffin sojoji masu dawowa daga biyan harajin zabe. Wannan ya kasance shingen rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da jefa kuri'u ta baki, waɗanda galibi ba su da kuɗi kuma suna da wahalar biyan irin waɗannan kudaden. A karkashin dokokin harajin zabe, dole ne mutum ya biya harajin zabe na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin lokacin da ya jefa kuri'a. Saboda haka, Henry ya yi ƙoƙari ya sa tsoffin baƙi su sauka zuwa kotun kuma su yi rajista don jefa kuri'a. Koyaya, tsoffin sojan Black da yawa ba su iya yin rajista ba.

Lokacin da Henry ya tafi ofishin magatakarda na da'ira don yin rajista, an kuma ƙi shi. Ma'aikacin ya nemi Henry ya kawo takardar shaidar nuna cewa ba shi da harajin zabe. Bayan ya kawo takardar shaidar, magatakarda ya ce Henry har yanzu yana buƙatar wuce gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don nuna cewa ya cancanci yin zabe; kamar gwajin karatu da rubutu ko fahimta, duk wanda magatakarda ke gudanarwa. Bayan ya samu nasarar karanta sassan da yawa na kundin tsarin mulkin jihar kuma ya wuce wasu gwaje-gwaje, Henry a ƙarshe ya sami damar yin rajista don jefa kuri'a.

 Majalisar Yankin Jagorancin Baƙar fata 
A shekara ta 1951, Henry ya kasance memba ne na kafa Majalisar Yankin Jagorancin Negro (RCNL). Babban jagora kuma shugaban kungiyar shine T.R.M. Howard, sanannen likitan baƙar fata, shugaban kungiyar 'yan uwa, kuma ɗan kasuwa a garin baƙar fata na Mound Bayou, Mississippi. 

 Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama 
Yayinda Henry ya kasance mai aiki a cikin RCNL har zuwa mutuwarsa a farkon shekarun 1960, ya kuma shiga reshen Mississippi na NAACP a shekara ta 1954. Daga bisani ya yi aiki har zuwa shugaban jihar a shekarar 1959.

Ya fara jam'iyyar Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) da kuma Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Tarayya (COFO). A shekara ta 1961 ya shirya kauracewa shagunan a yankin Clarksdale, Mississippi wanda ke nuna bambanci ga 'Yan Afirka na Afirka a matsayin abokan ciniki da ma'aikata. Ya jagoranci wakilan Loyalist Democrats zuwa taron kasa na Democratic na 1968 da 1972.

A shekara ta 1976 'yan Democrat na Loyalist (da farko Black) da masu adawa da Regular Democrats na Mississippi (da farko fari) sun amince da sake hada jam'iyyar jihar. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar, jam'iyyar za ta kasance tare da shugabanci daya fari da wani baƙar fata har zuwa farkon 1980. Henry ya yi aiki a matsayin baƙar fata co-shugaban.

A tsakiyar karni na 20 a Amurka, luwadi ya zama haramtacce. A shekara ta 1962, an kama Henry ne saboda karbar wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha takwas daga Tennessee" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee. A shekara ta 1968, bayan daukaka kara da yawa, ba a soke cajin ba. A shekara ta 1972, an sake kama shi, a kan zargin neman sodomy daga 'yan sanda biyu na ɓoye. Abin mamaki ga 'yan siyasa na lokacin, Henry ya sami damar tsira daga irin wannan abin kunya a wani bangare saboda sun samo asali ne daga fararen fata. Baƙi sun yi zargin dalilin wadanda suka kawo tuhuma, kuma sun kuma fahimci ƙwarewar Henry da iyawarsa a matsayin shugaba mai tabbatarwa.

 Rayuwa ta baya 
A shekara ta 1977, Sanata na Amurka James Eastland, wanda ya daɗe a matsayin mai mulki a Mississippi wanda ya yi tsayayya da matakan kare hakkin bil'adama a tarihi, ya kusanci Henry kuma ya tambayi idan, a matsayin shugaban NAACP na jihar, zai taimaka masa a sake zabensa a shekara mai zuwa. Da ɗan mamaki, Henry ya ce zai ba da taimako ne kawai idan Eastland ya yarda da wasu sharuɗɗa, gami da hayar ma'aikacin baƙar fata. Eastland ya hayar Ed Cole, manajan yakin neman zabe na gwamna na 1971 ga Charles Evers, don aiki a ofishinsa, kuma Henry daga baya ya amince da sake zaben Eastland. Eastland daga baya ya janye daga tseren, kodayake shi da Henry sun kasance abokai.

An zabi Henry a Majalisar Wakilai ta Mississippi a shekarar 1979. An sake zabarsa a 1983, 1987, da 1991. A watan Agustan 1995, ya rasa zaben da Leonard Henderson ya yi da kuri'u 65.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba