Alfred Bestall

AlFred Edmeades "Fred" Bestall, MBE (14 Disamba 1892 - 15 Janairu 1986) marubuci ne na Burtaniya kuma mai zane-zane ga Rupert Bear na London Daily Express, daga 1935 zuwa 1965.

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Bestall a Mandalay, Burma a shekara ta 1892, inda iyayensa suka kasance masu wa'azi na Methodist. An tura shi da 'yar'uwarsa zuwa Ingila a shekara ta 1897, kuma iyayensu sun shiga tare da su a shekara ta 1910.  Yayinda yake makaranta, ya halarci makarantar Rydal Mount a Colwyn Bay daga 1904 zuwa 1911. Ya sami tallafin karatu a makarantar Birmingham ta tsakiya (daga baya Kwalejin) na fasaha kuma daga baya ya halarci makarantar LCC ta tsakiya ta Arts da Crafts a Kamfen . Ya yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na I matsayin direban MT (motar sufuri) a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya a Flanders, inda ya kai sojoji, harsashi da shagunan a cikin motoci da yawa ciki har da bas din B-Type na London, sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin wuta ta abokan gaba.

 Ayyukan sana'a 
Bayan yakin, Bestall ya gama karatunsa a Makarantar Fasaha ta Tsakiya kuma Enid Blyton ya hayar da shi don kwatanta littattafan. Ya kuma fara yin zane-zane don The Amalgamated Press kuma ya yi zane-zane ga Punch da Tatler, da kuma littattafai sama da 50. A cikin 1935, an zaɓi Bestall don karɓar labaran Rupert Bear na Daily Express daga Mary Tourtel .  Bestall ya ce bai san "babu wani abu game da batun don haka na sayi Daily Express, na kalli aikin Mary Tourtel kuma ya zana samfurori uku tare da sauƙin layinta". Bestall bai sanya hannu kan takardun Rupert ba a cikin shekaru 12 na farko saboda girmamawa ga Tourtel. Yana da makonni biyar kawai don tsara labarin Rupert na farko da zane-zane. Labarinsa na farko shi ne 'Rupert, Algy da Smugglers' a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1935. 
Bestall ya inganta labarun da makircin Rupert, amma mafi mahimmanci, ya kirkiro kyawawan zane-zane a cikin Rupert na shekara-shekara. Yawancin shimfidar wuri a Rupert ya samo asali ne daga shimfidar Snowdonia na Arewa Wales, musamman a kusa da Beddgelert. Ya fara ziyartar Beddgelert yayin da yake hutu tare da iyayensa a Trefriw a Kwarin Conwy a cikin 1912 da 1913, inda ake kiran gidan hutun su 'Penlan'. The Life and Works of Alfred Bestall: Illustrator of Rupert Bear by Caroline Bott (Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2003)  Sau da yawa ana tambayarsa inda ƙauyen gidan Rupert na Nutwood ya kamata ya kasance, kuma ya gaya wa mai ba da labarinsa na farko George Perry cewa 'yana da alaƙa da shimfidar wuri a cikin Weald, filin da mawaki Hilaire Belloc ke ƙauna wanda ke cikin Kent da Sussex tsakanin Arewa da Kudancin Downs, da kuma Severn Valley Hereford, tare da mafi tsananin ƙasa da ake buƙata a cikin labarun da ke tunatar da duwatsun Snowdonia.'

Editan Yara na Daily Express yana da umarni guda ɗaya ga Bestall wanda "babu mugun haruffa, fairies ko sihiri". Tourtel ta yi amfani da sihiri a cikin makircin Rupert, tare da labaran Rupert da suka zama mafi ban tsoro bayan mutuwar mijinta.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai kula da hare-haren sama a Surbiton, Surrey . Hotonsa na mai na 1941 na Air-Raid Post M4 a kan Surbiton Hill, a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, an nuna shi a Royal Academy, 'ɗaya daga cikin nasarorin da ya fi alfahari da su.'  Duk da yanayin da ke ke kusa da London, yankin ya sami bama-bamai na abokan gaba a lokacin Blitz, an lalata gidaje kuma an 'bamai' iyalai.  A shekara ta 1947, 'yan mata uku daga 10th Surbiton Guides sun ziyarci Bestall a gida, kuma sun roki a haɗa su cikin zane-zane na Rupert, wanda suke. Bestall ya samar da labarinsa na karshe na Rupert a ranar 22 ga Yuli 1965. Ya yi ritaya daga Daily Express a watan Yulin 1965 amma ya ci gaba da kirkirar murfin da takardu na shekara-shekara har zuwa 1973. Bestall kuma ya zana hotuna don Littafin Labarin Whitcombe, wani nau'i na mai karatu na yara da aka buga a Australasia ta Whitcombe & Tombs Ltd. Wadannan littattafan ba su da kwanan wata; amma aikin Bestall ya bayyana a cikin lambobi 500, mai yiwuwa an buga su a cikin shekarun 1950.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
A tsakiyar shekarun 1930, Bestall ya nemi Miss Beatrice Nicholson, wani memba na cocin Methodist a Surbiton, yana fentin hotonta, yana wasa wasan tennis da badminton tare da ita kuma yana halartar rawa, wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai da kide-kide tare da ita, amma an yanke dangantaka na wasu shekaru daga Yuni 1936, a ranar da aka yi alama kawai da 'X' a cikin littafinsa, mai yiwuwa yana wakiltar tayin aure da aka ƙi. Har zuwa shekara ta 1937, yana da mummunar matsalar magana, 'tsayawa mai tsanani' wanda ya haifar da raunin kashin baya tun yana ƙarami a Burma, wanda ya sa ya 'yi jin kunya kuma ya janye.' Iyayensa ba za su taɓa gaya masa dalilin hatsarin ba, wanda ya yi ƙuruciya sosai don tunawa, amma ya yi imanin cewa watakila faduwa ne daga doki. Koyaya, a lokacin da nake da shekaru 45, 'Na je ganin wani sanannen osteopath, wanda ya gaya mini ka zauna. Daga nan sai ya tafi bayan ni, kuma ya ba ni tsoro, na ji wani abu dannawa, kuma bayan fiye da shekaru arba'in na warke!'  A cikin 1947, littafinsa ya rubuta cewa shi da mahaifiyarsa 'sun tafi shayi tare da Beatty Cole (Nicholson).  Surrey Comet ta tambaye ni a cikin 1970, a lokacin Rupert's rabin-centenary, idan bai ji da gaske ba, ina da yara nasa ba, ina tunanin su da gaske, ina da yawa a kansu ba, ina cewa ina da yawa game da yara ba, ina: ' 

Kodayake yana zaune a Surbiton bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, yana hutu a kai a kai a Nantgwynant, kusa da Beddgelert . Yayinda yake a Beddgelert, Ya zauna a wani karamin gidan dutse mai suna 'Hendre' wanda aka gyara ta kuma a kan ƙasar da ke sama da kogin Glaslyn, mallakar Lt Col. Sydney Goodchild. Goodchild ya tsara gidan da Alfred ya saya a 1956 a ƙarƙashin Mynydd Sygun, a Beddgelert, wanda daga baya ya kira 'Penlan'. Yawancin zane-zanensa na wannan lokacin ra'ayoyi ne daga wannan gidan dutse kusa da Plas Oerddwr. Gidan, tare da 'ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyi mafi kyau a Burtaniya', 'yana kallon wani kwari mai faɗi da Kogin Glaslyn mai saurin gudana, da duwatsu masu alfahari da baya,' ya zama gidansa na dindindin daga Satumba 1980, amma har yanzu ya koma Surbiton sau da yawa a shekara. Bestall ya ajiye dukkan zane-zanensa na farko a cikin loft na Penlan kuma ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta sami wuta daga aikinsa bayan mutuwarsa. Bestall ya nuna origami a kusan kowane Rupert Annual daga 1946 zuwa gaba (model na farko, wanda za'a iya hangowa, shine "Flapping Bird") kuma saboda haka yana da wani bangare na alhakin ci gaban sha'awar origami a Burtaniya. Bayan kafa Ƙungiyar Origami ta Burtaniya a 1967, Bestall ya yi sha'awar sosai, ya halarci tarurruka kuma ya zama shugabanta na shekaru da yawa, har zuwa mutuwarsa.

An nada shi memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 1985  amma bai iya karɓar kyautar da kansa ba saboda yana da Ciwon daji na ƙashi.  A ranar haihuwarsa ta 93, Yarima Charles ya aiko masa da sakon waya, wanda ya karanta: "Na ji cewa da baƙin ciki ba za ku iya karɓar MBE daga Sarauniya ba kwanan nan. Ina so in aiko muku da taya murna a kan kyautar ku kuma in yi maka fatan ranar haihuwar farin ciki tare da dawowar farin ciki da yawa. A matsayin yaro ina tunawa da kyawawan hotuna na Rupert Bear. " A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2006, an tuna da Bestall tare da takardar shaidar Turanci Heritage blue a 58 Cranes Park, Surbiton, London, inda ya zauna na shekaru 30. Ya kuma zauna a gidan Beaconsfield, 44 Ewell Road, Surbiton, daga 1966 zuwa 1977. 

Bestall ya mutu a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1986, yana da shekaru 93, a gidan kula da tsofaffi na Wern Manor a Porthmadog, Wales . The Life and Works of Alfred Bestall: Illustrator of Rupert Bear by Caroline Bott (Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2003) ISBN 0-7475-6194-X An binne shi a cikin fili 100 na Kabari na Brookwood . 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986