Manufar makamashi

Manufofin makamashi su ne dabaru da yanke shawara na gwamnati game da samarwa, rarrabawa, da amfani da makamashi a cikin takamaiman yanki. Makamashi yana da mahimmanci don aiki na tattalin arzikin zamani saboda suna buƙatar makamashi don sassa da yawa, kamar masana'antu, sufuri, noma, gidaje. Manyan sassan manufofin makamashi sun hada da dokoki, yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa, tallafin makamashi da sauran dabarun manufofin jama'a.

Bangaren makamashi yana fitar da iskar gas a duk duniya fiye da kowane sashe.Climate change – Topics". IEA. Retrieved 2022-06-04. Don haka, manufofin makamashi suna da alaƙa da manufofin yanayi. Wadannan yanke shawara sun shafi yadda yawan hayakin da kasar ke fitarwa.

Manyan bangarorin manufofin makamashi sun hada da:

Doka da ka'idoji - Gwamnatoci suna aiwatar da dokoki don haɓaka makamashi mai sabuntawa, saita ƙa'idodi masu inganci, da tsara yadda ake hako mai.International Energy Outlook 2023 - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Archived from the original on 2025-07-02. Retrieved 2025-07-16.

Yarjejeniyoyi na kasa da kasa - Yarjejeniyoyi kamar yarjejeniyar yanayi ta Paris suna tasiri dabarun makamashi na kasa ta hanyar kafa maƙasudin rage yawan iska.

Tallafi da abubuwan ƙarfafawa - Gwamnatoci da yawa suna ba da tallafin kuɗi don fasahar makamashi mai tsafta yayin da suke kawar da tallafin mai.

Dabarun manufofin jama'a - Waɗannan sun haɗa da farashin carbon, ƙa'idodin fayil ɗin sabuntawa, da ƙa'idodin ingancin makamashi.

Bangaren makamashi shine mafi girma mai ba da gudummawa ga hayaki mai gurbata yanayi (GHG) na duniya, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 73% na jimillar hayaƙin CO₂ a duk duniya. Sakamakon haka, manufofin makamashi suna da alaƙa da manufofin yanayi. Hukunce-hukunce game da ababen more rayuwa na makamashi-kamar dogaro da kwal da abubuwan da za a iya sabunta su—yana tabbatar da sawun carbon da al'umma ke da shi da kuma ikonta na cimma alkawuran sauyin yanayi na kasa da kasa (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Misali, kasashen da ke saka hannun jari a iska, hasken rana, da makamashin nukiliya suna samun saurin decarbonization fiye da wadanda suka dogara da kwal da mai.

Idan aka yi la’akari da gaggawar sauyin yanayi, al’ummomi da yawa suna jujjuya zuwa tsarin makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon ta hanyar manufofi kamar Dokar Rage Haɗin Kuɗi ta Amurka (IRA) da Yarjejeniyar Green Green na Turai, waɗanda ke ƙarfafa karɓar sabuntar kuzari yayin rage dogaron mai."Results and Performance of the World Bank Group 2023". 2023-12-31. doi:10.1596/ieg184584. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

 Manufofin 
Samun kuzari yana da mahimmanci don buƙatun zamantakewa na yau da kullun, kamar haske, dumama, dafa abinci, da kula da lafiya. Ganin mahimmancin makamashi, farashin makamashi yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan ayyuka, haɓakar tattalin arziki, gasa kasuwanci, da farashin kayayyaki da sabis.

Yawancin lokaci babban batu na manufofin makamashi shine haɗarin rashin daidaiton wadatar wadatar kayayyaki (duba: rikicin makamashi). Manufofin makamashi na yanzu suna magance matsalolin muhalli (duba: sauyin yanayi), musamman ƙalubale saboda buƙatar daidaita manufofin duniya da dokokin duniya tare da bukatun gida da dokoki.

"Ma'aunin ɗan adam" na amfani da makamashi yana ƙara sha'awar kasuwanci, kayan aiki, da masu tsara manufofi. Yin amfani da ilimin zamantakewa don samun fahimta game da halayen masu amfani da makamashi zai iya taimakawa masu tsara manufofi don yanke shawara mafi kyau game da yanayi mai fadi da zaɓuɓɓukan makamashi. Wannan zai iya sauƙaƙa ingantaccen amfani da makamashi, tallace-tallacen makamashi mai sabuntawa, da rage fitar da carbon.Robert C. Armstrong, Catherine Wolfram, Robert Gross, Nathan S. Lewis, and M.V. Ramana et al., "The Frontiers of Energy", Nature Energy, Vol 1, 11 January 2016.

 Hanyoyi 
Dubi kuma: Ƙarfi mai dorewa § Manufofin gwamnati

Siffofin manufofin makamashi na iya haɗawa da dokoki, yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, abubuwan ƙarfafawa ga saka hannun jari, jagororin kiyaye makamashi, haraji da sauran dabarun manufofin jama'a. Ƙungiyoyin gwamnati ko na gwamnatoci za su iya amfani da ƙirar tattalin arziki da makamashi a matsayin kayan ba da shawara da bincike.

Shirye-shiryen makamashi ya fi dalla-dalla fiye da manufofin makamashi.

 Manufar makamashi ta kasa 
Wasu gwamnatoci suna bayyana manufar makamashi ta zahiri. Wasu ba amma a kowane hali, kowace gwamnati tana aiwatar da wasu nau'ikan manufofin makamashi. Manufar makamashi ta ƙasa ta ƙunshi jerin matakan da suka haɗa da dokokin ƙasar, yarjejeniyoyin da umarnin hukumar.Hamilton, Michael S (2014). Energy Policy Analysis: A Conceptual Framework (0 ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315704647. ISBN 978-1-317-47147-9.

 Manazarta