Yanayin yanayi na Florida

Yanayin yankunan arewaci da tsakiyar jihar Florida ta Amurka yana da ɗanshi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.  Kudancin Florida yana da yanayi mai zafi.   A cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na Florida a watan Yuni ya tashi zuwa kusan 81.5°F, idan aka kwatanta da 79.9°F kawai na wannan watan a cikin dogon lokaci tun 1895;  Bugu da ƙari, yanayin zafi na watan Yuni ya ƙaru da kusan 2°F idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 50 da suka gabata.   Akwai lokacin damina mai ma'ana daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba lokacin da tsawa mai yawan gaske da ke ginawa a cikin zafin rana yana sauke ruwan sama mai ƙarfi amma ɗan gajeren lokacin rani.

A watan Oktoba, lokacin rani yana farawa a cikin yawancin Florida (farawa a farkon wata a arewacin Florida da kuma kusa da ƙarshen wata a cikin zurfin kudancin Florida) kuma yana wucewa har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu mafi yawan shekaru.  Gabas daga tsakiyar latitude na arewacin Florida lokaci-lokaci suna ratsa arewaci da tsakiyar jihar wanda ke kawo haske da ɗan gajeren ruwan sama.  Tsakanin da marigayi hunturu na iya yin bushewa sosai a Florida.  A wasu shekaru lokacin rani yakan yi tsanani kuma ana sanya takunkumin ruwa don adana ruwa. Duk da yake yawancin yankuna na Florida ba sa fuskantar kowane irin ruwan sama mai daskarewa, arewacin Florida na iya ganin dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙara sau da yawa a kowace shekara goma.

Yankunan Hardness na USDA na jihar sun kasance daga Yankin 8B (15 ° F zuwa 20 ° F) a cikin iyakar arewa maso yammacin panhandle, zuwa Yankin 12A (50 ° F zuwa 55 ° F) zuwa ƙananan Florida Keys.

Kogin Gulf yana gudana ta hanyar Florida Straits sannan kuma arewacin gabashin gabar tekun Florida yana kiyaye yanayin zafi a cikin 'yan mil mil daga kusa da Stuart a gabar gabas zuwa Fort Myers a yammacin gabar yammacin jihar a duk shekara, tare da ƙananan zafin jiki.  Har ila yau, yanayin tekun na wurare masu zafi yana ba da yanayin zafi na teku, yana ba rairayin bakin teku na Florida mafi zafi ruwan teku a kan babban yankin Amurka.  Yanayin kasa na Florida ya kuma sa ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da illolin sauyin yanayi, duka a cikin tsananin tsananin yanayi kamar tsananin guguwa da ambaliya a gabar teku da sauran illolin hawan teku.

 Matsi 
Rashin matsin lamba da aka auna daga guguwar extratropical ya kasance 28.84 inci/976.7 hPa a lokacin Guguwar Karni (1993).  Daga guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, matsin lamba mafi ƙasƙanci da aka auna shi ne 26.35 inci/892 hPa a cikin Florida Keys a lokacin Guguwar Ranar Ma'aikata ta 1935.  Matsin da aka fi sani da shi a duk fadin jihar ya kasance 30.74 inci / 1041.1 hPa a Tallahassee a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1996, da 4 ga Janairu, 1979.       

 Iska 
A cikin lokacin hunturu iska mai ƙarfi yana fitowa daga arewa ta kan panhandle kudu zuwa kusa da Orlando, amma suna da canji a sauran jihar.  Lokacin bazara yana ganin gabaɗaya iskkar gabas da kudu maso gabas a fadin yankin.  A cikin watannin bazara, matsakaicin yanayin iska yana nuna alamar tudu wanda yawanci ke kan tsakiyar Florida, tare da iskar gabas daga Tampa kudu da kudu maso yamma na arewacin Florida.  Babban guguwar iska a tsakanin shekarun 1930 zuwa 1997 ya kasance mil 115 a kowace awa a filin jirgin sama na Miami yayin Hurricane Andrew. 

 Yaduwar ƙurar Afirka 
A cikin watan Yuli, iskar cinikin da ke kudu da ginshiƙi mai motsi zuwa arewa yana faɗaɗa arewa maso yamma zuwa Florida.  A wasu lokuta, kura daga sahara da ke zagayawa a yankin kudancin rafin ta kan shiga cikin jihar, wanda hakan ke hana ruwan sama da kuma canza sararin sama daga launin shudi zuwa launin fari da kuma haifar da karuwar jajayen faɗuwar rana.  Kasancewar sa yana yin mummunar tasiri ga ingancin iska a duk faɗin Kudu maso Gabashin Amurka a lokacin bazara, ta hanyar ƙara ƙididdige ɓarna na iska.  Wannan ya sha bamban da tsaftar iska da aka saba yi akan Florida da kudu maso gabashin Amurka, wanda a matsakaita shine mafi tsaftar iska a Amurka.. Fiye da kashi 50% na ƙurar Afirka da ta kai Amurka ta shafi Florida. Tun daga shekara ta 1970, barkewar ƙura ta kara muni saboda lokacin fari a Afirka. Akwai babban bambanci a cikin jigilar ƙura zuwa Caribbean da Florida daga shekara zuwa shekara. Abubuwan da suka faru na ƙura suna iya danganta da raguwar lafiyar coral reefs a fadin Caribbean da Florida, da farko tun daga shekarun 1970s.
A matsakaici, Florida tana da hunturu mafi sauƙi a nahiyar Amurka. Matsakaicin ƙananan ya kasance daga 65 ° F a Key West zuwa kusan digiri 41 ° F a Tallahassee, yayin da tsayin rana ya kasance daga 62 ° F a tallahassee zuwa 77 ° F a Miami. Iska mai zafi ta gabas a tsakiya da kudancin Florida tana riƙe da yanayin zafi a lokacin hunturu. Lokaci-lokaci sanyi mai karfi yana motsawa zuwa kudu zuwa gabar teku tare da daskarewa ko kusa da sanyi a cikin 'yan dare zuwa yankunan cikin tsakiyar Florida a kowane 'yan shekaru. Sau da yawa a kowace shekara goma, Miami na iya ganin dare na hunturu a ƙasa da 45 ° F. Lokacin hunturu na El Niño ya fi sanyi saboda karuwar girgije, amma yana da karancin sanyi.

Yankunan hardiness guda biyar sun wanzu.  USDA Zone 12A, yanki mafi zafi da aka samu a cikin jihar, tare da matsananciyar raguwar shekara tsakanin 50°F zuwa 55°F, ana samunsa a yankin Dry Tortugas.  USDA Zone 11B, tare da matsakaita na shekara-shekara tsakanin 45°F da 50°F, ana samunsa tsakanin Key West da Marathon.  USDA Zone 11A, tare da matsakaita na shekara-shekara tsakanin 40°F da 45°F, ana samunsa a sauran Maɓallan Florida, Miami Beach, da sassan cikin garin Miami.  USDA Zone 10B, tare da matsakaita na shekara-shekara tsakanin 35°F da 40°F, ana samunsa a gabar tekun Kudancin Florida da yawancin Everglades.  USDA Zone 10A, tare da matsakaicin matsakaici na shekara-shekara tsakanin 30 ° F da 35 ° F, ana samunsa a sauran Kudancin Florida, da kuma a wasu yankunan bakin teku har zuwa arewa har zuwa St.  USDA Zone 9B, tare da matsakaita na shekara-shekara tsakanin 25°F da 30°F, ana samunta a cikin tsakiyar Florida, ci gaba da arewa zuwa bakin tekun Fernandina.  USDA Zone 9A, tare da matsakaita na shekara-shekara tsakanin 20°F da 25°F, ana samun shi tare da wani yanki da ke shimfiɗa daga Ocala zuwa Pensacola.  USDA Zone 8B, yanki mafi sanyi da aka samu a cikin jihar, tare da matsakaicin raguwar shekara-shekara tsakanin 15°F da 20°F, yana cikin matsanancin arewa maso yammacin Florida tare da sassan arewacin Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, da Holmes.

Florida ta fuskanci manyan sanyi 12. Wannan ya haɗa da daskarewa "tasiri" guda huɗu, wanda ya isa ya kashe dukkan itatuwan citrus, wanda ya haifar da tasirin tattalin arziki a kan masu shuka citrus, yana sa su canza itatuwan zuwa kudu. Wadannan tasirin daskarewa ana nuna su ta hanyar taurari a cikin wadannan: Babban daskarewa na 1894-1895*, Fabrairu 13-14, 1899, Fabrairu 2-6, 1917, Disamba 12-13, 1934, Janairu 1940, Disamba 12-1, 1957, Disamba 12-13: 1962*, Janairu 18-20, 1977, Janairu 12-14, 1981, Disamba 24-25, 1983*, Janairu 20-22, 1985, da Disamba 22-26, 1989 * . 

Duk da kasancewa mafi sauki a matsakaici, yanayin hunturu ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga bala'in Challenger a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1986, inda yanayin zafi na dare a Titusville, kusa da Cibiyar Kennedy Space, ya sauka kamar 24 ° F  kuma har yanzu suna ƙasa da daskarewa a 28.0 ° F zuwa 28.9 ° F a ranar kaddamarwa. Rashin sanyi mai tsanani ya sa O-Rings a gefen dama na SRB ya fashe saboda suna da haƙuri na 39 ° F kawai.

 Lokacin bazara 
alt=|right|thumb|250x250px|Rashin ruwan da aka saba yi a lokacin rani daga Everglades yana tafiya zuwa gabas a kan Downtown Miami.
A lokacin rani, matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya kasance daga kusa da  ° F (35 ° C) a arewacin Florida zuwa kusa da  ° F (32 ° C) cikin Makullin. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a lokacin matsakaicin lokacin rani a cikin 90s Fahrenheit mafi girma a duk fadin jihar. Lissafin zafi na iya kaiwa cikin sauƙi 103 ° F-110 ° F. Taimako daga zafi a lokacin rani ya zo ne a cikin yanayin tsawa da yamma, da yamma da kuma yamma iska ta teku daga teku mai sanyi, kuma yayin wucewar guguwa mai zafi. Rubuce-rubucen zafin jiki na jihar shine  ° F (43 ° C) a Monticello a cikin 1931.  

 Haushi 
Kamar sauran kudu maso gabashin Amurka, Florida tana da matsakaicin hunturu a cikin yanayin hazo mai yawa. Ba kamar sauran yankin ba, matsakaicin a Florida ya ƙunshi kusan rabin abubuwan da ke faruwa a kowace shekara, a matsakaici. Mafi ƙarancin lokacin rani ya fi na sauran kudu maso gabas. Yawan shekara-shekara na kwanakin hazo mai nauyi (tare da ganuwa na .25 mil (0.40  ko ƙasa da haka) ya kasance daga 50 a Tallahassee, zuwa 1 a Key West, mafi ƙarancin yankin hazo a jihar. Nau'ikan hazo guda biyu da suka fi yawa a Florida sune advection da radiational. Ruwan wuta na iya zama haɗari ga masu tafiya da sassafe. A ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, lokacin da hazo a kan Interstate 4 ya haɗu da hayaki daga gobarar da ke kusa, an rage ganuwa zuwa kusan sifili. A sakamakon haka, mutane biyar sun mutu a cikin tarin motoci 70.
alt=Map of Florida showing relative rainfall. Florida's panhandle has the highest, with central Florida and south central Florida relatively less.|right|thumb|250x250px|Matsakaicin ruwan sama a Florida
A duk fadin jihar, ruwan sama mafi girma yana faruwa a cikin watanni na rani. A arewacin Florida, akwai matsakaicin matsakaicin hunturu yayin da watanni mafi bushewa na shekara a duk fadin jihar ne a lokacin bazara. A lokacin El Niño, Florida tana ganin ruwan sama mafi girma tsakanin Nuwamba da Maris. Saboda rashin matsakaicin sakandare a fadin tsibirin, ana ganin lokacin fari na musamman a matsakaicin daga hunturu zuwa bazara. Wannan lokacin bushewa yana haifar da gobarar daji a kowace shekara yayin da yanayin zafi ke tashi a ƙarshen bazara, kafin su ɓace a farkon Yuni yayin da lokacin ruwan sama ke farawa.

 Ƙarfin Ƙarfin 
An auna ruwan sama mafi girma da ya faru a cikin awanni 24 a Yankeetown a lokacin Guguwar Easy (1950) , 45.20 inci (1,148 . Wannan kuma shine mafi girman sanannen hadari mai iyaka wanda ke da alaƙa da kowane guguwa na wurare masu zafi wanda ya shafi Florida,  kuma da kansa zai zama mafi girman ruwan sama da aka sani ga kowane wata daga kowane wuri a cikin Florida. Wannan ruwan sama ya kasance rikodin ruwan sama na sa'o'i 24 na kasa har zuwa Tropical Storm Claudette (1979).  Abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai yawa sun fadi saboda tsayar da gaba a kusa da jihar, kuma suna faruwa a lokacin Maris zuwa Mayu da Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba.

Watan da ya fi ruwan sama da aka rubuta a tashar yanayi ta Florida ya kasance a watan Mayu 1891 lokacin da Gainesville, Florida ta sami inci 30.90 (785 .  Shekarar da ta fi ruwan sama a rubuce don tashar yanayi ta Florida ta kasance a cikin 1879 lokacin da inci 127.24 (3,232  ya fadi a Pensacola, Florida. Shekarar da ta fi bushewa ga tashar yanayi a duk fadin jihar ta kasance a cikin 1974 lokacin da kawai inci 19.99 (508  ya fadi a Key West.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin shekarun gobarar daji shine a cikin 1998, a ƙarshen sake zagayowar El Nino . Wutar daji 480 ta cinye kadada 500,000 (,000 ) a duk fadin jihar. A cikin shekara ta 2010, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa ta ba da karin faɗakarwar wuta a Florida fiye da ko'ina a cikin ƙasar.

Wani fari a duk fadin jihar ya fara ne a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005, wata daya bayan Guguwar Wilma ta wuce jihar, kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Babban fari na baya ya faru ne a shekara ta 2000, wanda shine shekarar da ta fi bushewa a jihar a rubuce.

A watan Yulin 2023, yanayin zafi na teku a Florida ya kai 101.1 ° F (38.4 ° C) a tashar sa ido ta NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) a Manatee Bay Florida. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman yanayin zafi na teku da aka taɓa auna a yankin.

 Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara 

Snowfall yana da wuya a Florida. Abubuwan da suka faru na farko na dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙara sun faru ne a cikin 1774 a yankin arewacin jihar. Sabon abin da ya faru na dusar ƙanƙara ko ƙanƙarar ya faɗi a ranar 21 zuwa 22 ga Janairu, 2025 yayin da babbar guguwar hunturu ta shafi yawancin Gulf Coast na Amurka. Birane irin su Pensacola sun ga tarin dusar ƙanƙara.

Rubuce-rubucen jihar don dusar ƙanƙara shine inci 9.8 (25 , wanda aka kafa a Milton, Florida a lokacin dusar ƙara ta Gulf Coast ta 2025.  Na farko a cikin kakar da ruwan sama mai daskarewa ya fadi a lokacin Ƙarshen Nuwamba 2006 Nor'easter a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba a fadin tsakiyar Florida.  Sabon a cikin kakar da dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙara ta faɗi shine a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2007. An bayar da rahoton dusar ƙanƙara a cikin iska (ba a ƙasa ba) har zuwa kudu kamar Homestead, a lokacin taron Janairu 19, 1977.

 Hadari 
Florida ta ba da rahoton tsawa da yawa fiye da kowane jiha na Amurka. Wasu wurare suna ba da rahoton fiye da kwanaki 90 na tsawa a kowace shekara, suna mai da Florida ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi tsawa a waje da wurare masu zafi. Florida tana karɓar mafi yawan walƙiya a cikin Amurka. Ana zargin mutuwar mutane da yawa a kowace shekara a kan walƙiya, yana mai da walƙiya ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi a jihar. Koyaya, tun daga shekara ta 1992, yawan mutuwar walƙiya yana raguwa a hankali duk da karuwar yawan jama'a, yana nuna cewa shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a game da walƙiya suna da tasiri. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da walƙiya sune ma'aikatan gine-gine da sauransu waɗanda ke aiki a waje, kodayake kashi 12 cikin 100 na shari'o'in sun faru a cikin gida ga mutane da ke amfani da na'urorin lantarki. Hadari mai tsanani a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da ƙanƙara, iska mai ƙarfi madaidaiciya da guguwa. Ruwan sama mai yawa daga tsawa na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa. Hadari yana faruwa sau da yawa a lokacin rani amma yana iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara. A lokacin ruwan sama, guguwa sau da yawa tana mai da hankali a cikin ƙasa mai motsi kamar yadda iska mai sanyi daga bakin teku ke ɗaga iska mai dumi a cikin ƙasa wanda ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Wadannan iska daga Gulf da Atlantic sau da yawa suna haɗuwa a kan tsibirin wani lokacin suna haifar da yanayi mai tsanani tare da ƙananan ƙanƙara da iskõki. 

 Guguwa 
Florida tana da mafi yawan guguwa a kowace murabba'in mil fiye da kowane jiha. Koyaya, waɗannan guguwa suna da rauni sosai kuma ba su da tsawo fiye da wasu jihohi kamar Midwest ko Deep South. Hadari mai karfi yana faruwa a wasu lokuta a Florida, yawanci tare da sanyi na gaba a cikin hunturu ko bazara. Jimlar mutane 42 sun mutu a watan Fabrairun 1998 daga mummunar irin wannan fashewar guguwa a Tsakiyar Florida, wanda ya faru a cikin dare. Har ila yau, fashewar guguwa na iya faruwa lokacin da guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ke wucewa kusa ko a kan jihar. Mafi kwanan nan daga cikin wadannan sun fito ne daga Guguwar Milton wanda ya haifar da guguwar EF3 mai tsanani kuma ya haifar da mutuwar 6. Duk da yake guguwa a Midwest sun fi tsanani, ana samun mafi yawan mutuwar a Florida, da kuma Brevard County, musamman, saboda yawan jama'a da yawan gidaje masu ƙerawa. Ruwa na ruwa ya zama ruwan dare a kan ruwan bakin teku tare da Keys da ke fuskantar fiye da ko'ina a duniya. Wadannan na iya sauka a wasu lokuta a matsayin guguwa mai guguwa. 

 Guguwa mai zafi 
Na farko a cikin shekara guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta buge jihar hasken rana shine Groundhog Day Tropical Storm a cikin 1952. Guguwar guguwa ta baya-bayan nan a shekarar ta auku a kusa da Tampa a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1925. Guguwa mafi karfi da ta mamaye Florida ita ce Guguwar Ranar Ma'aikata ta 1935. Guguwar Easy a cikin 1950 ta samar da mafi yawan ruwan sama da aka sani daga kowane guguwa mai zafi. Adadin rikodin guguwa a jihar a cikin kakar wasa daya shine hudu a shekara ta 2004. Guguwa yawanci suna haifar da guguwa a cikin yankin arewa maso gabashin su.

Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta shafi Florida a kowane wata na shekara sai Janairu da Maris. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na guguwar ta shafi jihar a watan Satumba,  kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na guguwa ta shafi jihar tsakanin Agusta da Oktoba, wanda ya dace da mafi girman lokacin guguwa. Sassan bakin tekun suna da mafi ƙarancin lokacin dawowa, ko kuma mitar da za a iya sa ran wani ƙarfi ko rukunin guguwa a cikin mil 86 (kilomita 138) na wurin da aka ba shi, a cikin ƙasar. Guguwa 26 ta mamaye yankin Monroe tun 1926, wanda shine mafi girma ga kowane yanki a Amurka.

 Tasirin yanayin yanayi 
El Niño yana da tasirin da ke biyowa akan yanayin Florida: sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama a cikin bazara. Wannan yana biye da barazanar gobarar daji lokacin da ruwan sama ya bushe. Arewacin Florida ya fi saukin kamuwa da yanayi mai tsanani; a ƙasa da yanayin zafi na al'ada, karuwar yawan tsarin matsin lamba a cikin Tekun Mexico a lokacin hunturu, kuma "kusan koyaushe" yana rage yawan guguwa da guguwa.

La Niña tana da tasirin da ke biyowa: sau da yawa yanayin bushe yana da yawa a ƙarshen kaka, hunturu da farkon bazara, ƙara haɗarin gobarar daji a cikin bazara da watanni na rani, yanayin zafi yana da ɗan sama da na al'ada, kuma damar aikin guguwa yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Ana yin tsinkaya na dogon lokaci bisa ga waɗannan tasirin. Koyaya, ana sauƙaƙe su cikin sauƙi, a cikin hunturu, ta hanyar oscillation na Arctic da oscillations na Arewacin Atlantic, wanda kawai za'a iya hango shi game da makonni biyu a gaba. Wadannan zasu iya sauke zafin jiki a bayyane daga ka'idojin yanayi.

 Yanayin yanayi na zaɓaɓɓun biranen Florida 
Tsarin yanayi na yAw jihar yana da zafi mai zafi (Köppen Cfa), kodayake yankin Miami Metropolitan Area, kudu maso yammacin Florida daga Fort Myers zuwa kudu, da duk Florida Keys, sun cancanci zama ruwan zafi da bushe (Köpp Aw). Yankunan Florida da ke da yanayin zafi sun hada da Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Lee, Collier, da Monroe counties. Wani karamin bangare na gabashin jihar ciki har da Orlando da Jacksonville yana karɓar tsakanin awanni 2,400 da 2,800 na Hasken rana a kowace shekara. Sauran jihar, gami da Miami, suna karɓar tsakanin awanni 2,800 da 3,200 a kowace shekara.
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