Cibiyar Kula da Carbon 2

Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) tauraron dan adam ne na kimiyyar muhalli na Amurka wanda aka kaddamar a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2014. Aikin NASA, shi ne maye gurbin Orbiting Carbon Observatory wanda ya ɓace a cikin gazawar kaddamarwa a cikin 2009. Ita ce ta biyu da ta yi nasara sosai (mafi kyau fiye da 0.3%) CO2 mai lura da tauraron dan adam, bayan GOSAT.

 Bayani game da aikin 
Kamfanin Orbital Sciences Corporation ne ya gina tauraron dan adam na OCO-2, wanda ke kusa da bas din LEOStar-2. Ana amfani da jirgin sararin samaniya don nazarin yawan carbon dioxide da rarraba a cikin yanayi.

An ba da umarnin OCO-2 bayan asalin jirgin saman OCO ya kasa cimma burin. A lokacin kaddamar da tauraron dan adam na farko a saman Taurus-XL a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, kayan aiki sun kasa rabuwa da kewaye da jirgin sararin samaniya kuma rokar ba ta da isasshen iko don shiga orbit tare da ƙarin nauyinsa. Ko da yake an fara kwangilar kaddamarwar Taurus don sake tashi, an soke kwangilar ƙaddamar da kwangilar bayan wannan rashin aiki ya faru a kan kaddamarwa na tauraron dan Adam shekaru biyu bayan haka.
United Launch Alliance ta kaddamar da OCO-2 ta amfani da rokar Delta II a farkon fasalin fashewa na 30 a 09:56 UTC (2:56 PDT) a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2014. Ta tashi a cikin tsari na 7320-10C, an kaddamar da rokar daga Space Launch Complex 2W a Vandenberg Air Force Base .  An fara yunkurin kaddamarwa a ranar 1 ga Yuli a 09:56:44 UTC a cikin sakan 46 a kan agogon ƙidaya saboda wani bawul mara kyau a kan tsarin murkushe ruwa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gudana ruwa a kan tashar kaddamar don rage ƙarfin sauti yayin kaddamar.

OCO-2 ya shiga cikin tauraron dan adam na A-train, ya zama tauraron dan sama na shida a cikin rukuni. Membobin jirgin kasa na A suna tashi kusa da juna a cikin Sun-synchronous orbit, don yin kusan auna duniya a lokaci guda. Wani ɗan gajeren taga na 30 seconds ya zama dole don cimma matsayi mai kyau a cikin jirgin. Ya zuwa 19 ga Satumba 2016 yana cikin zagaye tare da perigee na   , apogee na    da kuma 98.2 ° inclination.

Ana sa ran aikin zai kashe dala miliyan 467.7, gami da ƙira, ci gaba, ƙaddamarwa da ayyukan.

 Ma'aunin  na shafi  
Maimakon auna ma'aunin carbon dioxide kai tsaye a cikin sararin samaniya, OCO-2 yana yin rikodin nawa hasken rana da ke haskakawa a duniya ke ɗauka ta  kwayoyin a cikin ginshiƙin iska.  OCO-2 yana yin ma'auni a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sawun hudu zuwa takwas na kusan  kowane.   Ana tattara kusan sautuna 24 a cikin sakan daya yayin da suke cikin hasken rana kuma sama da 10% na waɗannan suna da isasshen girgije don ƙarin bincike. Ana amfani da bandeji ɗaya don auna ginshiƙi na oxygen (A-band 0.765 microns), kuma ana amfani da biyu don ma'aunin ginshiƙi na carbon dioxide (ƙaraunan band 1.61 microns, band mai ƙarfi 2.06 microns). 

A cikin ma'aunin algorithm na dawowa an haɗa ma'auni daga bangarorin uku don samar da matsakaicin matsakaicin iska mai bushe na carbon dioxide. Saboda waɗannan ƙananan iska ne, waɗannan ma'auni ba sa canzawa tare da abun ciki na ruwa ko matsin lamba. Saboda abun da ke cikin iskar oxygen na yanayi (watau cire iskar oxygen a cikin tururi na ruwa) an san shi da kyau a matsayin 20.95%, ana amfani da iskar oxygen azaman ma'auni na jimlar iska mai bushe. Don tabbatar da cewa ana iya gano waɗannan ma'auni ga Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya, ana kwatanta ma'aunin OCO-2 a hankali tare da ma'aunoni ta Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). 

 Kayayyakin bayanai 
Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Bayanai ta Duniya (GES DISC) ta NASA Goddard ce ke ba da bayanan manufa ga jama'a. Samfurin bayanai na matakin 1B shine mafi ƙarancin sarrafawa kuma yana ƙunshe da rubuce-rubuce don duk binciken da aka tattara (kimanin binciken 74,000 a kowace hanya). Samfurin Mataki na 2 ya ƙunshi kimantawa na matsakaicin iska mai bushe na carbon dioxide, a tsakanin sauran sigogi kamar albedo na farfajiyar da abun ciki na aerosol. Samfurin Mataki na 3 ya ƙunshi taswirar duniya na yawan carbon dioxide wanda masana kimiyya na OCO-2 suka kirkira.

 Manazarta