Siege of Medina Fort

kame Medina Fort ya faru ne a shekara ta 1857 a Médine, a gefen hagu na kogin Senegal a Mali a yau. Dakarun Toucouleur na Omar Saidou Tall sun yi rashin nasara sun yi wa sojojin ƴan ƙasa da na Faransa yan mulkin mallaka waɗanda Paul Holle ya jagoranta. Bayan kwashe kwanaki 97 na killace, dakarun agaji ƙarƙashin Gwamna Louis Faidherbe na Faransa sun janye wannan ƙawanya tare da tilastawa sojojin Toucouleur ja da baya.

 Tarihi 
Ko da yake Faransa ta kasance a bakin tekun ƙasar Senegal tun ƙarni na 17 tare da Saint-Louis da Gorée, ba ta taɓa ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa waje da waɗannan ƙauyuka biyu ba. A cikin shekara ta 1854 duk da haka, an naɗa Kanar Louis Faidherbe Gwamnan Senegal kuma nan da nan ya fara faɗaɗa muradun Faransa zuwa Waalo da kogin Senegal, tare da Faransawa suka fara kafa jerin garu.  Sojojin sun motsa dakaru, igwa da sauran kayayyaki ta jirgin ruwa a inda zai yiwu kuma a kan ƙasa inda babu.

A cikin shekara ta 1848, Omar Tall ya kaddamar da jihadinsa a kan yankunan Malinké makwabta. A shekara ta 1855, saurin haɓakarsa ya haifar da rikice-rikice da yawa tare da sojojin Faransa. Da izinin ƙawarsa, Khasso Sarauniya Hawa Demba Diallo, Gwamna Faidherbe ya ba da umarnin gina katanga a ƙauyen Khasso na Madina, wanda ba shi da nisa da Kayes.

 Siege 
A ƙarshen watan Afrilu shekara ta 1857, dukan sojojin Toucouleur, kusan mayaƙa 20,000 a ƙarƙashin Oumar Tall, sun yi tafiya a ƙauyen Médine. 

Rundunar Fort Médine ta ƙunshi kwamandan sansanin Paul Holle, da sojojin Faransa farar fata bakwai, Tirailleurs 22 na Senegal da ma'aikatan ruwa 34 daga Saint-Louis. Jama'ar ƙauyen, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai kusan 6,000 nan da nan suka nemi mafaka a cikin kagara yayin da sojojin Toucouleur suka bayyana. 

A ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu, Toucouleur ya kaddamar da hari na farko a kan kagarar.  Yin amfani da tsani da aka yi daga rassan bishiyar dabino, mayaƙan Toucouleur sun yi ƙoƙari su haura bangon, ƙarƙashin mummunar bindiga da harbin bindiga daga masu karewa.Crowder, Michael "History of French West Africa until Independence". In Oliver, Roland and Crowder, Michael, eds. (1990) Africa South of the Sahara London: Europa Publications, page 18  Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Faransa ya yi ƙarfi sosai, kuma Toucouleur daga ƙarshe ya janye daga ganuwar, ya bar mutane 300 a baya. Faransa ta yi asarar rayuka 6 da jikkata 13 a harin. 

A cikin daren 11 ga watan Mayu, wasu mayakan Toucouleur 200 sun sauka a wani ƙaramin tsibiri da ke kan kogin da ke da nisan mita 100 daga katangar, inda manyan duwatsu suka ba su wuri mai kyau da aka lulluɓe su da wuta a sansanin yayin da ake kare su daga wutar Faransa.  Da safe, Holle ya aika sajan Desplats tare da 8 tirailleurs da 3 ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a cikin wani ƙaƙƙarfan kwale-kwale don kai hari ga ƙungiyar Toucouleur daga baya.B.O. Oloruntimeehin. The Segu Tukulor Empire. Humanities Press, New York (1972).  Mayakan na Toucouleur da suka yi mamaki sun bar murfinsu a firgice kuma rabinsu sun mutu sakamakon mummunar gobarar da masu tsaron sansanin suka yi, yayin da wasu da dama suka nutse yayin da suke gudu daga tsibirin. 
A cikin daren 4-5 ga watan Yuni, sojojin Toucouleur sun yi yunkurin kai hari na biyu a kan sansanin, amma ba su da tsayin daka fiye da na farko kuma Faransawa sun yi nasara.  Koyaya, harsashin Faransa da ajiyar abinci sun yi ƙasa. 

Saboda ƙarancin ruwan kogin, Holle ya kasance mai firgita game da zuwan rundunar agaji. Tare da Sergeant Desplats, ya ɗauki wasu abubuwa don tarwatsa sansanin idan abokan gaba su sami nasarar mamayewa.  Don guje wa yin tasiri ga ɗabi'ar masu tsaron gida, dukansu biyu sun ɓoye shi daga sauran sojojin. 

A ranar 2 ga watan Yuli, Gwamna Faidherbe da Basilic na jirgin ruwa sun tashi daga Saint-Louis don ceto Fort-Médine, amma ƙarancin kogin ya hana su cimma burinsu. A daren 17 ga watan Yuli, ruwan kogin ya ƙaru a ƙarshe bayan ruwan sama mai yawa, kuma Basilic na iya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa sama. 

A ranar 18 ga watan Yuli, Faidherbe ya isa Médine akan Basilic, tare da tirailleur 400 da sojojin farar fata 100.   Bayan saukarwa, mutanen Faidherbe sun kaddamar da cajin bayonet a kan wani ƙaramin tudu da wasu mayaƙan Toucouleur ke riƙe da su, kuma daga can suka harba babbar bindiga da manyan bindigogi a kan babbar rundunar Toucouleur da ke ƙasa.  Yayin da Toucouleurs suka gudu tare da kogin zuwa ga katangar, mutanen da suka rage a Basilic sun fesa musu wuta mai tsanani. Sojojin Toucouleur sun watse suka bar kewayen Médine cikin rashin tsari na ja da baya.  Da abokan gaba suka ɓace daga gani, sai ga farar hula da suke fama da yunwa da suke ɓoye a cikin kagara suka fito don cin ciyawa da saiwoyi a kusa.  Bayan an gama faɗan, Basilic ɗin ya sauke kayan abinci zuwa ga sansanin.

Domin kariyar da ya yi na Fort-Médine, Paul Holle an ba shi Legion of Honor.This initial article was based on a translation of the corresponding article from the French Wikipedia, retrieved on July 5, 2005

 Sakamako 
Bayan samun agaji na Fort Médine, Faidherbe ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Omar Tall don samun rangwame ga Faransawa har zuwa kogin Niger. 

Da yake fahimtar irin wahalhalun da ke tattare da kai hari ga Faransawa masu kayan aiki, Omar Tall ya mayar da hankalinsa ga daular Bambara da ke makwabtaka da ita, inda ya mamaye mafi yawan yankunanta ciki har da babban birnin ƙasar Ségou a shekara ta 1861. Duk da haka, Faransawa sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa yankin yammacin Afirka, inda suka ci Ségou da Daular Toucouleur kasa da shekaru talatin bayan mutuwar Omar Taal's.

 Medine ta yau 
Fort na Medine yana buɗe ga jama'a. Garin yana kusa da 12 km gabas da Kayes akan "hanyar zuwa Bamako." Akwai kuma wata tsohuwar tashar jirgin ƙasa da makabarta irin ta Turai mai kaburbura tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 19. Yawan mutanen ƙauyen yana kusa da 1800 tare da ƙaramar kasuwa kowace rana.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba