Rashin sanyaya na rana

Rashin sanyaya na rana (PDRC) (kuma sanyaya na radiative, sanyaya na hasken rana, sanyaya sararin samaniya, sanyaya radiative, da sanyaya radiatic na duniya) shine amfani da wuraren da ba su da wutar lantarki, masu nunawa / masu fitar da zafi don rage zafin jiki na gini ko wani abu.

An gabatar da shi azaman hanyar rage karuwar zafin jiki wanda iskar gas ta haifar ta hanyar rage makamashi da ake buƙata don sanyaya iska,   rage Tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane,  da kuma rage Yanayin jiki mutum.  Chen, Meijie; Pang, Dan; Chen, Xingyu; Yan, Hongjie; Yang, Yuan (2022). "Passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, material designs, and applications". EcoMat. 4. doi:10.1002/eom2.12153. S2CID 240331557. Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) dissipates terrestrial heat to the extremely cold outer space without using any energy input or producing pollution. It has the potential to simultaneously alleviate the two major problems of energy crisis and global warming.  

PDRCs na iya taimakawa tsarin da suka fi dacewa a yanayin zafi, kamar tsarin photovoltaic, Heo, Se-Yeon; Ju Lee, Gil; Song, Young Min (June 2022). "Heat-shedding with photonic structures: radiative cooling and its potential". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 10 (27): 9915–9937. doi:10.1039/D2TC00318J. S2CID 249695930 – via Royal Society of Chemistry.  na'urorin tattara raɓa, da janareto na thermoelectric.

Wasu kimantawa sun ba da shawarar cewa keɓewa 1-2% na yankin duniya ga PDRC zai daidaita Yanayin zafi. Bambance-bambance na yanki suna ba da damar sanyaya daban-daban tare da hamada da Yanayin yanayi mai matsakaici wanda ke amfana fiye da yanayin zafi, wanda aka danganta da tasirin danshi da girgije. Ana iya haɗa PDRCs a cikin tsarin daidaitawa, sauyawa daga sanyaya zuwa dumama don rage duk wani tasirin "mai sanyaya". Aikace-aikacen PDRC don sanyaya sararin samaniya yana girma tare da kimanin "girman kasuwa na ~ $ 27 biliyan a cikin 2025

An tsara farfajiyar PDRC don zama mai girma a hasken rana don rage yawan zafi da ƙarfi a cikin infrared mai tsawo (LWIR) canja wurin zafi na radiation wanda ya dace da taga na infrared na yanayi (8-13 μm).Wang, Tong; Wu, Yi; Shi, Lan; Hu, Xinhua; Chen, Min; Wu, Limin (2021). "A structural polymer for highly efficient all-day passive radiative cooling". Nature Communications. 12 (365): 365. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20646-7. PMC 7809060. PMID 33446648. Accordingly, designing and fabricating efficient PDRC with sufficiently high solar reflectance (𝜌¯solar) (λ ~ 0.3–2.5 μm) to minimize solar heat gain and simultaneously strong LWIR thermal emittance (ε¯LWIR) to maximize radiative heat loss is highly desirable. When the incoming radiative heat from the Sun is balanced by the outgoing radiative heat emission, the temperature of the Earth can reach its steady state.Zevenhovena, Ron; Fält, Martin (June 2018). "Radiative cooling through the atmospheric window: A third, less intrusive geoengineering approach". Energy. 152: 27. Bibcode:2018Ene...152...27Z. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.084. S2CID 116318678 – via Elsevier Science Direct. An alternative, third geoengineering approach would be enhanced cooling by thermal radiation from the Earth's surface into space." [...] "With 100 W m2 as a demonstrated passive cooling effect, a surface coverage of 0.3% would then be needed, or 1% of Earth's land mass surface. If half of it would be installed in urban, built areas which cover roughly 3% of the Earth's land mass, a 17% coverage would be needed there, with the remainder being installed in rural areas. Wannan yana ba da damar zafi ya wuce ta cikin yanayi zuwa sararin samaniya.Chen, Jianheng; Lu, Lin; Gong, Quan (June 2021). "A new study on passive radiative sky cooling resource maps of China". Energy Conversion and Management. 237: 114132. Bibcode:2021ECM...23714132C. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114132. S2CID 234839652 – via Elsevier Science Direct. Passive radiative cooling utilizes atmospheric transparency window (8–13 μm) to discharge heat into outer space and inhibits solar absorption. 

PDRCs leverage the natural process of radiative cooling, in which the Earth cools by releasing heat to space.Bijarniya, Jay Prakash; Sarkar, Jahar; Maiti, Pralay (November 2020). "Review on passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, recent researches, challenges and opportunities". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 133: 110263. Bibcode:2020RSERv.13310263B. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110263. S2CID 224874019 – via Elsevier Science Direct. PDRC operates during daytime. On a clear day, solar irradiance can reach 1000 W/m2 with a diffuse component between 50-100 W/m2. The average PDRC has an estimated cooling power of ~100-150 W/m2, proportional to the exposed surface area.Heo, Se-Yeon; Ju Lee, Gil; Song, Young Min (June 2022). "Heat-shedding with photonic structures: radiative cooling and its potential". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 10 (27): 9915–9937. doi:10.1039/D2TC00318J. S2CID 249695930 – via Royal Society of Chemistry.

Ana tura aikace-aikacen PDRC a matsayin saman da ke fuskantar sama.Ahmed, Salman; Li, Zhenpeng; Javed, Muhammad Shahzad; Ma, Tao (September 2021). "A review on the integration of radiative cooling and solar energy harvesting". Materials Today: Energy. 21: 100776. Bibcode:2021MTEne..2100776A. doi:10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100776 – via Elsevier Science Direct. Kayan PDRC masu tsada masu tsada tare da yiwuwar samar da taro sun haɗa da sutura, fina-finai masu laushi, metafabrics, aerogels, da wuraren biodegradable.

Duk da yake yawanci fari, wasu launuka na iya aiki, kodayake gabaɗaya suna ba da ƙarancin sanyaya.

Bincike, ci gaba, da sha'awar PDRCs sun karu da sauri tun daga shekarun 2010, wanda ya danganta da ci gaba a cikin amfani da photonic metamaterials don kara sanyaya rana a cikin 2014, Heo, Se-Yeon; Ju Lee, Gil; Song, Young Min (June 2022). "Heat-shedding with photonic structures: radiative cooling and its potential". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 10 (27): 9915–9937. doi:10.1039/D2TC00318J. S2CID 249695930 – via Royal Society of Chemistry.  tare da karuwar damuwa game da amfani da makamashi da dumama duniya. PDRC za a iya bambanta da tsarin sanyaya na gargajiya (misali, masu sanyaya iska) waɗanda ke cinye makamashi mai yawa, suna da tasirin dumama (zauna waje fiye da sanyaya cikin gida), suna buƙatar samun dama ga wutar lantarki kuma galibi suna amfani da masu sanyaya waɗanda ke lalata ozone ko suna da tasirin greenhouse mai ƙarfi,  

Ba kamar kula da radiation na rana ba, PDRC yana ƙara fitar da zafi fiye da tunani mai sauƙi.

 Aiwatarwa 
Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2019 ya ba da rahoton cewa "karɓar sanyaya mai haske na iya rage yawan zafin iska kusa da farfajiya, idan ba duk yanayin ba. " Aili, Ablimit; Yin, Xiaobo; Yang, Ronggui (October 2021). "Global Radiative Sky Cooling Potential Adjusted for Population Density and Cooling Demand". Atmosphere. 12 (11): 1379. Bibcode:2021Atmos..12.1379A. doi:10.3390/atmos12111379. Don magance dumamar yanayi, dole ne a tsara PDRCs "don tabbatar da cewa fitarwa ta hanyar taga na gaskiya na yanayi kuma ta fita zuwa sararin samaniya, maimakon kawai zuwa yanayi, wanda zai ba da damar sanyaya na gida amma ba na duniya ba. "Munday, Jeremy (2019). "Tackling Climate Change through Radiative Cooling". Joule. 3 (9): 2057–2060. Bibcode:2019Joule...3.2057M. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.010. S2CID 201590290.

Yanayin hamada yana da mafi girman yiwuwar sanyaya saboda karancin zafi na shekara-shekara da girgije, yayin da Yanayin zafi yana da karancin yiwuwar saboda zafi mafi girma da girgije.Aili, Ablimit; Yin, Xiaobo; Yang, Ronggui (October 2021). "Global Radiative Sky Cooling Potential Adjusted for Population Density and Cooling Demand". Atmosphere. 12 (11): 1379. Bibcode:2021Atmos..12.1379A. doi:10.3390/atmos12111379. Kudin aiwatarwa na duniya an kiyasta su a $ 1.25 zuwa $ 2.5 tiriliyan ko kusan 3% na GDP na duniya, tare da tattalin arzikin da ake tsammani.Munday, Jeremy (2019). "Tackling Climate Change through Radiative Cooling". Joule. 3 (9): 2057–2060. Bibcode:2019Joule...3.2057M. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.010. S2CID 201590290. An haɓaka kayan haɓaka masu ƙarancin farashi don aiwatarwa mai yawa, kodayake wasu ƙalubale zuwa Kasuwanci sun kasance.  

Wasu binciken sun ba da shawarar ƙoƙari don kara yawan hasken rana ko albedo na farfajiya, tare da burin fitar da zafi na 90%. Misali, karuwar haskakawa daga 0.2 (aikin rufin) zuwa 0.9 ya fi tasiri fiye da inganta farfajiyar da ta riga ta nuna, kamar daga 0.9 zuwa 0.97. Anand, Jyothis; Sailor, David J.; Baniassadi, Amir (February 2021). "The relative role of solar reflectance and thermal emittance for passive daytime radiative cooling technologies applied to rooftops". Sustainable Cities and Society. 65: 102612. Bibcode:2021SusCS..6502612A. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102612. S2CID 229476136 – via Elsevier Science Direct.


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