Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba

Shekarar 1816 an san ta da Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba saboda mummunan yanayin yanayi wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na duniya ya ragu da 0.4-0.7 ° C (0.7-1 ° F).  Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani a Turai ya kasance mafi sanyi na kowane rikodin tsakanin 1766 da 2000,  wanda ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona da manyan karancin abinci a fadin Arewacin Hemisphere. 

Shaida ta nuna cewa anomaly ya kasance mafi yawan abin da ya faru a cikin hunturu wanda ya haifar da babban fashewar Dutsen Tambora a watan Afrilu a cikin Indonesia ta zamani (wanda ake kira Dutch East Indies a lokacin). Wannan fashewar ita ce mafi girma a cikin akalla shekaru 1,300 (bayan fashewar da aka yi la'akari da ita wanda ya haifar da hunturu na dutsen wuta na 536); tasirinsa a kan yanayi na iya kara tsanantawa ta fashewar Mayon na 1814 a Philippines. Babban adadin toka da iskar gas da aka saki cikin yanayi sun toshe hasken rana, wanda ya haifar da sanyaya duniya.

Kasashe irin su Ingila da Faransa sun fuskanci matsala mai tsanani, tare da rikice-rikicen abinci da yunwa sun zama ruwan dare. Yanayin ya kara tsanantawa da gaskiyar cewa Turai har yanzu tana murmurewa daga Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon, yana ƙarawa ga damuwa ta zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.

Har ila yau, Arewacin Amurka ta fuskanci matsanancin yanayin yanayi. A gabashin Amurka, "ruwa mai bushe" mai ɗorewa ya rufe hasken rana, yana haifar da sanyi da sanyi mai ban mamaki a cikin watanni na rani. Amfanin gona ya gaza a yankuna kamar New England, wanda ya haifar da karancin abinci da matsalar tattalin arziki. Wadannan yanayi sun tilasta wa iyalai da yawa barin gidajensu don neman damar noma mafi kyau, suna ba da gudummawa ga fadada Yamma.

 Bayyanawa 
Shekarar Ba tare da bazara ba bala'in noma ne; masanin tarihi John D. Post ya kira shi "babban rikicin rayuwa na ƙarshe a Yammacin duniya".   Rashin yanayi na 1816 ya sami babban tasiri a New England (Amurka), Atlantic Kanada, da Yammacin Turai.

The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least  of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. It remains the most recent confirmed VEI-7 eruption to date.

 Afirka 
Ba a sami wata hujja kai tsaye game da yanayin yankin Sahel ba, kodayake yanayin daga yankunan da ke kewaye sun nuna ruwan sama sama da na yau da kullun. A ƙasa da Sahel, yankunan bakin teku na Yammacin Afirka na iya samun matakan ruwan sama na yau da kullun. Guguwa mai tsanani ta shafi bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin hunturu na Kudancin Hemisphere. A ranar 29-30 ga Yuli, 1816, wata guguwa mai tsanani ta faru a kusa da Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya kawo iska mai karfi daga arewa da ƙanƙara kuma ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga sufuri

 Manazarta