Bautar da mutane a Thailand

An yi Bautar a Thailand daga zamanin Ayutthaya har zuwa lokacin da Sarki Chulalongkorn (Rama V) ya soke shi ta hanyar jerin gyare-gyare da suka faru daga 1874 zuwa 1905. A yau, Bautar zamani ta fito ne a matsayin matsala, musamman ma  Ma'aikatan ƙaura a Masana'antar kamun kifi ta Thailand

 Bautar tarihi 
Bawa shi ne kalmar hausa da aka saba amfani da ita don bayyana matsayin mutum na doka a tarihin Thailand, wanda ake kira a Thai da "ทาส" (thâat), daga harshen Pali: dāsa. Su ne ke a mataki mafi ƙasa a tsarin zamantakewa da ake kira sakdina, wanda ya samo asali tun daga zamanin Ayutthaya (ƙarni na 14 zuwa na 18). Wadannan bayi suna ƙarƙashin ikon wani maigida, wanda bisa doka yana da "cikakken iko a kansu sai dai kawai ba zai iya kashe su ba".

Mutane na iya zama bayi ta hanyoyi da dama, kamar:

 Kama su a yaƙi,
 Rashin biyan bashi,
 Haihuwa daga iyaye bayi.

Ayyukan da bayi ke yi ya bambanta bisa yadda maigidan su ke so. Wannan ya bayyana ne a cikin bayanan Simon de la Loubère, wanda ya ziyarci Ayutthaya a shekarar 1687.

Suna amfani da bayinsu wajen noma filayen su da lambuna, da kuma wasu ayyukan gida; ko kuma suna ba su damar yin aiki don samun rayuwarsu, a ƙarƙashin haraji wanda suke karɓa daga hudu zuwa takwas Ticals a Shekara, wato, daga bakwai Livres goma, zuwa goma sha biyar Livres.

 Kawar da shi 
Kawar da bautar da mutane a Thailand ta faru ne a zamanin Sarki Chulalongkorn (Rama na V). Sarki ya yi ƙoƙari wajen guje wa rikici a cikin al’umma da kuma ɓata ran manyan masu bayi, don haka ya aiwatar da gyare-gyare a hankali tsawon wasu shekaru da dama. An fara wannan a shekara ta 1874, inda wata dokar masarauta ta bayyana cewa duk wanda aka haifa cikin bautar da tun daga shekara ta 1868 zai sami ’yanci da zarar ya kai shekaru ashirin da ɗaya (21).

Daga bisani, wasu dokoki sun sake fitowa a shekaru 1884, 1890, 1897 da 1900, inda suka fayyace ko faɗaɗa waɗannan dokoki. A ƙarshe, an fitar da wata doka a shekara ta 1905, wadda ta kafa iyakar kuɗin fansar ’yanci da iyakar shekaru – wannan ya sa aka kawo ƙarshen bautar da mutane cikin wasu ƙananan shekaru.

Dokar hukunta laifuka ta 1908, sashi na 269, ta bayyana bautar da mutane a matsayin laifi, inda aka haramta saye da sayar da bayi (sai dai waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin halal bisa doka ta 1905).

Daga nan, dokoki daga 1911 zuwa 1913 sun ƙara faɗaɗa aikin dokokin baya. A ƙarshe dai, bautar da mutane ta ƙare doka a shekara ta 1915.

 Dubi kuma 

 Cinikin mutane a Thailand
 Bautar a kudu maso gabashin Asiya

 References 


Category:Early modern history of Thailand
Category:Economic history of Thailand
Category:20th century in Thailand