Guguwar Haruna

guguwa Haruna guguwa ce mai kisa wacce ta haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da barkewar cuta a kudu maso yammacin Madagascar. Taron tara na kakar, Haruna ya bunkasa a cikin Mozambique Channel a tsakiyar Fabrairu 2013 tsakanin Mozambique da kudu maso yammacin Madagascar. Da farko yana motsawa zuwa arewa a kan Mozambique, tashin hankali daga baya ya motsa sannu a hankali zuwa kudu, sannu a sannu a kai yana ƙarfafawa cikin guguwa ta takwas da ake kira na kakar kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin guguwar zafi mai tsanani. Ofishin Météo-France a Réunion (MFR) - Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Yankin a cikin kwandon  - ya kiyasta cewa guguwar ta kai minti 10 mai iska mai ƙarfi na  km / h (95 . Haruna ta sauka a kusa da Morombe a kudu maso yammacin Madagascar a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu. Ya raunana sosai yayin da yake tsallaka ƙasar, kuma MFR ta dakatar da shawarwari a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu bayan guguwar ta fito cikin Tekun Indiya.  

Kafin Haruna ya buge Madagascar, tsarin da ya riga ya kasance ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, kuma lokacin da guguwar ta ratsa kasar, ta kara ƙarin ruwan sama ga yankin. Ambaliyar ruwa ta kasance mafi muni a Toliara inda dyke ya fashe, ambaliyar ruwa da yawa daga cikin garin kuma ya bar mazauna ba tare da ruwa ko wutar lantarki ba. Yawancin ƙauyuka a kudu maso yammacin Madagascar sun rasa damar samun ruwa mai tsabta, wanda ya sa hukumomin duniya daban-daban su tura ƙungiyoyi don tsabtace rijiyoyi. Haruna ta lalata gidaje 7,402, wanda ya bar mutane 13,882 ba tare da gida ba. Yawancin mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu sun sami damar barin mafakarsu a farkon watan Afrilu. Guguwar ta lalata shinkafa da amfanin gona a bakin tekun, kodayake akwai tasirin da ya rage lokacin da barkewar fari ta faru, ta shafi rabin gonakin Madagascar a watan Yulin 2013. A duk faɗin Madagascar, Haruna ya kashe mutane 26 kuma ya ji rauni 127 kai tsaye, kuma an samu barkewar cututtuka daban-daban bayan guguwar.   

 Tarihin yanayi 
A tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, wani yanki na convection, ko tsawa, ya ci gaba a cikin Mozambique Channel. Yana da alaƙa da yaduwar ruwa da ruwan sama a gabashin cibiyar,  kuma yana da alaƙa le Rashin ruwan sama.  Tsarin ya kasance a cikin Yanayin zafi na teku sama da  ° C (84 ° F) da kuma raguwar iska. Wani tudu a kudu ya sa tsarin ya fara tafiya zuwa arewa. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, tsarin ya koma Mozambique kuma ya juya zuwa gabas, kodayake a wannan lokacin ya zama mafi kyau a tsara shi tare da convection a cikin tsakiya. Daga baya, tsarin ya koma kudu saboda rauni a cikin tudun, tare da yanayin da ya dace da Cyclogenesis na wurare masu zafi kamar ƙananan iska da rarrabuwa mai kyau. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, Cibiyar Gargadi ta hadari (JTWC) ta ba da Gargadi na Tsarin Guguwa na Tropical,  kuma a 1200 UTC a wannan rana, Météo-France (MFR) ta fara ba da shawara game da Disturbance na Tropical 09 .    

 Tasirin da sakamakonsa 
A tsibirin Europa a cikin tashar Mozambique, Haruna ta samar da iskar iska ta 144 km / h (90 mph) yayin wucewar bangon ido. Kafin guguwar ta mamaye Madagascar, Yankin Intertropical Convergence ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a kasar wanda ya kashe mutane hudu kuma ya haifar da rushewar hanya. Jami'an da aka shirya ta hanyar tattara kayayyaki a babban birnin Antananarivo tun daga ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, da kuma aika ma'aikatan gaggawa zuwa wurin da ake tsammani. An kwashe mazauna ta amfani da jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa zuwa mafaka.   

Kwanaki da yawa yayin da yake bakin teku a yammacin Madagascar, Haruna ya sauka fiye da ruwan sama na yau da kullun. Guguwar ta sauka kusan awanni 15 da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Iska da ruwan sama daga Haruna sun lalata gidaje da tsarin wutar lantarki,  kuma sun lalata ɗakunan aji 265 da wuraren kiwon lafiya 16.  Har ila yau, an yi lalacewar shinkafa da amfanin gona daga iska mai ƙarfi kusa da bakin teku,  wanda ya haifar da karancin abinci.  Ruwan sama daga guguwar ya haifar da dyke a gefen Kogin Fiherenana ya fashe, wanda ya ambaliya babban yanki kuma ya tilasta kimanin mutane 6,000 su kwashe gidajensu. Ambaliyar ruwa daga ragowar dyke ta kasance mafi muni a Toliara, inda yawancin mazauna suka rasa damar samun ruwa mai kyau da wutar lantarki. Ambaliyar ruwa a cikin birni ta haifar da rufe filin jirgin sama na ɗan lokaci a can. An ware garin Morombe na ɗan lokaci bayan an toshe hanyar. Rashin wutar lantarki ya shafi Morombe, Toliara, Sakaraha, da Betioky Sud. Bishiyoyi da suka fadi sun shafi hanyoyi kusa da Toliara amma an cire su da sauri. Kimanin gidaje 1,050 sun ambaliya, wasu 691 sun rasa rufin su, kuma 7,402 sun lalace, sun bar mutane 13,882 ba tare da gida ba. Gabaɗaya, Haruna ta kashe mutane 26 kuma ta ji wa wasu 127.

Akwai matsaloli na farko wajen rarraba taimako ga yankunan kudu maso yammacin Madagascar saboda yanayin da ba a daidaita ba,  tare da karancin man fetur.  Ma'aikata sun yi amfani da jiragen ruwa don ceto mutane a yankunan da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye. Membobin Sojojin Madagascar, tare da kimanin masu sa kai 200 na Red Cross, sun taimaka wajen kwashewa da rarraba taimako,   kuma Red Cross ta kuma ba da shawarwarin kiwon lafiya kyauta ga dubban mutane. Bayan guguwar, an sami karuwar matakan zazzabin cizon sauro, dysentery, da zawo na yara a yankin da ke kusa da Toliara, kuma akwai barkewar fari. Ƙarin aikin fari ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin rani, kuma yana faruwa tun daga ƙarshen 2012; wannan ya haifar da ci gaba da karancin abinci, kuma a watan Yuli fari fari suna shafar kusan rabin gonakin ƙasar. Don hana ci gaba da yaduwar cutar, jami'ai sun ba da allurar rigakafi kuma sun yayyafa maganin kwari. A cikin ƙauyuka masu nisa a kudu maso yammacin Madagascar, mazauna sun fuskanci karancin abinci, yayin da a wasu yankuna, an gurɓata ruwa. A cikin 'yan makonni na guguwar, mazauna da yawa waɗanda ba a lalata gidajensu ba sun iya komawa gidajensu. A Toliara, kimanin dalibai 4,000 da farko ba su iya komawa makaranta ba saboda an kore su. A tsakiyar watan Maris, mutane 1,948 da suka rasa muhallinsu sun zauna a sansanin soja ko makarantu biyu, amma mafi yawansu sun koma gida a farkon watan Afrilu. Gyara dyke a Toliara ya fara ne a farkon watan Afrilu, kuma ana sa ran zai dauki kimanin wata daya da rabi.  

A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, Firayim Minista na Madagascar ya yi kira ga al'ummar duniya don taimako. A Toliara, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gami da Shirin Abinci na Duniya, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun yi aiki tare don samar da abinci ga mutane 3,000 a cikin mafaka shida. Shirin Abinci na Duniya ya aika da babbar mota tare da tan 1,050 na abinci zuwa Toliara, gami da masara da legumes. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan Haruna ya kai hari, Red Cross ta Faransa ta aika da jirgi zuwa Toliara tare da tan 35 na kayan aiki, gami da gidaje da ruwa. Ƙungiyar Red Cross da Red Crescent ta Duniya ta ba da izini ga kudade don taimakawa mazauna 10,000 da abin ya shafa. Handicap International ta samar da abinci da mafaka ga mutane 547 a Toliara .  Action Against Hunger ya aika da jirgin sama tare da tan 15 na kayan aiki, gami da raka'a na magani na ruwa, zuwa Madagascar bayan guguwar. A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, ma'aikata daban-daban sun kashe rijiyoyi 1,330 . A ranar 1 ga watan Maris, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta ba da gudummawar Yuro 200,000 don taimakon gaggawa. Red Crescent Society na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta aika da kimanin tan 80 na abinci, magani, da kayan gini ga kasar.           

 Dubi kuma 

 Cyclone Fanele - guguwa mai karfi da ta mamaye yammacin Madagascar a 2009

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