Yanayin Afirka ta Kudu

Yanayin Afirka ta Kudu ya ƙayyade ta hanyar halin da Afirka ta Kudu ke ciki tsakanin 22 ° S da 35 ° S, a cikin yankin Kudancin Kudancin, da kuma wurin da yake tsakanin tekuna biyu, Atlantic da Indiya.

Yana da yanayi iri-iri fiye da yawancin sauran ƙasashe a yankin Sahara na Afirka, kuma yana da matsakaicin yanayin zafi fiye da sauran ƙasashe da ke cikin wannan kewayon latitude, kamar Ostiraliya, saboda yawancin ciki (tsakiyar tsakiya ko Highveld, gami da Johannesburg) na Afirka ta Kudu yana da tsawo mafi girma.

Yanayin sanyi na lokacin sanyi na iya kaiwa wurin daskarewa a tsayi mai tsayi, amma ya fi sauƙi a yankunan bakin teku, musamman lardin KwaZulu Natal da watakila Gabashin Cape.  Ruwan sanyi da dumin ruwa da ke gudana daga arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabas sune ke nuna bambancin yanayi tsakanin yamma da gabas.  Hakanan yanayin El Niño-Southern Oscillation yana rinjayar yanayin.

Afirka ta Kudu tana fuskantar babban hasken rana tare da ruwan sama kusan rabin matsakaicin duniya, yana ƙaruwa daga yamma zuwa gabas, kuma tare da yankunan hamada a arewa maso yamma. Duk da yake Yammacin Cape yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum, yawancin ƙasar suna fuskantar ruwan sama na rani.

 Ma aunin zafi 
Afirka ta Kudu tana da yanayi na yau da kullun na Kudancin Hemisphere, tare da kwanaki mafi sanyi a watan Yuni-Agusta.  A tsakiyar tudu, wanda ya haɗa da Lardunan Kyauta da Gauteng, tsayin daka yana kiyaye matsakaicin zafin jiki ƙasa da 20 °C (68 °F);  Johannesburg, alal misali, yana kwance a mita 1,753 (5,751 ft).  A cikin hunturu yanayin zafi na iya raguwa ƙasa da daskarewa, kuma saboda tsayin daka.  A lokacin hunturu an fi zafi a yankunan bakin teku, musamman a gabashin tekun Indiya

Yanayin zafi na El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ne ke rinjayar yanayin zafi. Afirka ta Kudu tana fuskantar yanayin zafi kuma yankunan ruwan sama na rani sun bushe a lokacin El Niño, yayin da La Niña ke kawo yanayin sanyi da rigar.
+Matsakaicin yanayin zafi (°C) a Afirka ta Kudu Birni  MaxMinMaxMinBloemfontein291515–2Birnin Cape Town2616167Durban28212311Gabashin London26181910George2515157Johannesburg2615174Kimberley3318193Mthatha2716214Musina3421257Nelspruit2919236Pietermaritzburg2818233Polokwane2817204Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Elizabeth2518209Pretoria2918185Richards Bay29212312Skukuza3321266Thohoyandou31202410Upington3620214
+Matsakaicin yanayin zafi (°F) a Afirka ta KuduBirni  MaxMinMaxMinBloemfontein87.85962.628.4Birnin Cape Town78.860.864.444.6Durban82.469.873.451.8Gabashin London78.864.469.850George775966.244.6Johannesburg78.8596839.2Kimberley91.464.466.237.4Mthatha80.660.869.839.2Musina93.269.87744.6Nelspruit84.266.273.442.8Pietermaritzburg82.464.473.437.4Polokwane82.462.66839.2Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Elizabeth7764.46848.2Pretoria84.264.475.241Richards Bay84.269.873.453.6Skukuza91.469.878.842.8Thohoyandou87.86875.250Upington96.86869.839.2

 Ruwan sama 
Afirka ta Kudu ƙasa ce mai hasken rana, matsakaicin sa'o'i 8-10 na hasken rana a yawancin yankuna. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na Afirka ta Kudu kusan 464 mm (idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin duniya na 950 mm ) amma bambance-bambance masu yawa da ba a iya tsammani ba sun zama ruwan dare. Gabaɗaya, ruwan sama ya fi girma a gabas kuma a hankali yana raguwa zuwa yamma, tare da wasu yankunan hamada a gefen yammacin Afirka ta Kudu. Ga mafi yawan kasar, ruwan sama yana faɗuwa galibi a cikin watanni na rani tare da ɗan gajeren tsawa da rana. Sai dai Yammacin Cape da babban Birnin Cape Town, inda yanayin ya kasance Bahar Rum. A cikin watanni na hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara tana tarawa a kan tsaunuka masu tsawo na Cape da Drakensberg. Sau da yawa a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a wasu yankuna - (gundumomi) kamar a watan Satumbar 2024.  

 Tekuna 
Yankin Afirka ta Kudu sune manyan abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido da wuraren kasuwanci. Wannan ya sa teku ta kasance da muhimmanci ga Afirka ta Kudu da 'yan ƙasa. Tekun Indiya da Tekun Atlantika sun haɗu a kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu. Ruwa mai dumi na Agulhas yana gudana a kudu tare da gabar gabas kuma ruwan sanyi na Benguela yana gudana zuwa arewa tare da gabas na yamma. A sakamakon haka, akwai akalla bambancin 6 ° C a cikin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara na Durban (a gabas) da Port Nolloth (a yamma) duk da kasancewa a kusan wannan latitude. Tare da wasu sassa da yawa a cikin ciki ba sa karɓar isasshen ruwan sama kuma saboda haka yana iya fuskantar fari. 
Sau da yawa ana kiran yankunan masu sauyin yanayi ta yanayin ruwan sama.  Yankin damina ya keɓe ne zuwa wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki a kudu maso yamma, yankin Western Cape, inda ruwan sama mai daɗi ke sauka daga Mayu zuwa Agusta amma lokacin bazara ya bushe.  Yankin ruwan sama na bazara shine mafi girma, kasancewar yawancin ƙasar arewa da yankunan bakin teku da kuma arewa maso yamma m hamada.  Ruwan sama yana sauka daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu kuma galibi yana da nauyi, tare da yawan hazo yana karuwa daga yamma zuwa gabas.  Yankin damina da lokacin rani shine yankin Gabashin Cape.  Yankunan da suke da busasshiyar suna a arewa maso yamma, inda mafi bushewar yankunan shine gabar tekun arewa maso yamma.  Tsire-tsire suna ƙoƙarin bambanta ta yankin yanayi  kuma waɗannan sun dace da Yankunan lambu.

Highveld yanki ne na gabashin Afirka ta Kudu. An kwatanta shi da Johannesburg, a tsawo na mita 1,753 (5,751 . Tsohon Gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya tana samuwa a gefen kudu na shahararren tudun da ake kira Witwatersrand kuma filin ya faɗi zuwa arewa da kudu. Gabaɗaya Witwatersrand yana nuna alamar ruwa tsakanin Kogin Limpopo da Vaal. Arewa da yammacin birnin suna da tuddai masu juyawa yayin da sassan gabas sun fi faɗi.

Johannesburg tana jin daɗin bushewa, yanayin rana, ban da ruwan sama na yamma  watanni na rani na Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. Yanayin zafi  birni yawanci yana da sauƙi saboda girman birnin, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a watan Janairu na  ° C (78.8 ° F), ya sauka zuwa matsakaicin kusan  ° C (60.8 ° F) a watan Yuni. Lokacin hunturu shine lokacin rana mafi kyau na shekara, tare da kwanakin sanyi da dare mai sanyi. Yawan zafin jiki a wasu lokuta yakan sauka zuwa ƙasa da daskarewa da dare, yana haifar da sanyi. Snow abu ne mai ban mamaki, tare da dusar ƙanƙara da aka samu a watan Mayu 1956, Agusta 1962, Yuni 1964, Satumba 1981, Agusta 2006 (haske), a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2007,  tarawa har zuwa 10 centimeters (3.9 in) a cikin kudancin unguwanni, a ranar 7 ga Agusta 2012, kuma kwanan nan a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2023. Yanayin sanyi na yau da kullun yana wucewa a cikin hunturu yana kawo iska mai sanyi sosai amma yawanci sararin samaniya. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 713 millimeters (28.1 in), wanda galibi ana mai da hankali ne a cikin watanni na rani. Ruwan da ba a saba gani ba yana faruwa a cikin watanni na hunturu.

Lardin Yammacin Cape yana da yanayin Bahar Rum tare da dumi zuwa zafi, bushe, yanayin bazara mai hasken rana da yanayin ruwan sama mai sauƙi a cikin hunturu.

 Canjin yanayi 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba