Yanayi a Ƙasar Chile

Sauyin yanayi na Chile ya ƙunshi yanayi masu yawa a fadin babban sikelin ƙasa, wanda ya kai digiri 38 a latitude, yana sa generalizations wuya. Dangane da Tsarin Köppen,  Chile a cikin iyakokinta tana da aƙalla manyan nau'ikan yanayi guda bakwai, daga ƙananan hamada a arewa, zuwa tundra da kankara a gabas da kudu maso gabas, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Tsibirin Easter, Oceanic a kudu da Yanayin Bahar Rum a tsakiyar Chile. Akwai yanayi huɗu a mafi yawan ƙasar: bazara (Disamba zuwa Fabrairu), kaka (Maris zuwa Mayu), hunturu (Yuni zuwa Agusta), da bazara (Satumba zuwa Nuwamba).

A kan sikelin synoptic, mahimman abubuwan da ke sarrafa yanayi a Chile sune Pacific Anticyclone, yankin kudancin kudancin, yanayin sanyi na Humboldt, Chilean Coast Range da Andes Mountains. Duk da ƙarancin Chile, wasu yankuna na ciki na iya fuskantar sauye-sauyen zafin jiki da birane kamar Lonquimay, na iya fuskantar Yanayin nahiyar. A cikin iyakar arewa maso gabas da kudu maso gabas iyakar Chile ta wuce Andes zuwa cikin Altiplano da filayen Patagonian, suna ba da waɗannan yankuna yanayin yanayi kamar waɗanda aka gani a Bolivia da Argentina bi da bi.

YanayiYankin EcoregionYankin halittaHamada (BWh, BWk) Dajin AtacamaBabban ArewaBahar Rum (Csa, Csb, Csc) Kudancin ChileTsakiyar ChileDajin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi (Af) Tsibirin Easter -Rashin zafi mai zafi (Cfa) Yankin Fernandezian -Tsakanin zafi
(Cwc) AltiplanoBabban ArewaYanayin zafi na teku (Cfb) Gidajen ruwan sama na ValdivianYankin Kudu, Yankin KudancinSubpolar oceanic (Cfc) Gidajen daji na MagellanicYankin daji na MagellanicYankin KudancinTundra (ET) Yankin da ke cikin ƙasa (Dsb, Dsc) AndesTsakiyar ChileSemi-arid (BSk) Dajin PatagoniaYankin KudancinAlpine (ETH, EB) Andes, Tsakiyar Andean bushe punaduk yankuna na halitta na ChileTundra (ET) Andes, Tsakiyar Andean bushe punaduk yankuna na halitta na ChileIce cap (EF) Filin kankara na Arewacin Patagonia, Filin kankare na PatagonianYankin Ice na Kudancin PatagonianYankin Kudancin

 Yankin zafi 
Yanayin Tsibirin Easter shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Ana yin rajistar mafi ƙasƙanci a watan Yuli da Agusta ( ° C (64 ° F)) kuma mafi girma a watan Fabrairu (mafi girman zafin jiki  ° C (82 ° F) ), lokacin bazara a kudancin kudancin. Lokacin hunturu yana da sauƙi. Watan da ya fi ruwan sama shine Afrilu, kodayake tsibirin yana fuskantar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara. A matsayin tsibirin da aka ware, tsibirin Easter koyaushe yana fuskantar iskõki wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye zafin jiki mai sanyi. Ruwan sama yana da matsakaicin 1,118 mm a kowace shekara. Lokaci-lokaci, ruwan sama mai yawa da guguwa sun mamaye tsibirin. Wadannan suna faruwa galibi a cikin watanni na hunturu (Yuni-Agusta). Tun da yake yana kusa da Pacific High kuma a waje da kewayon ITCZ, guguwa da guguwa ba sa faruwa a kusa da tsibirin Easter. 

 Rashin bushewa 
Yankin hamadar Atacama shine wuri mafi bushe a Duniya, kuma kusan ba shi da amfani saboda an toshe shi daga danshi a bangarorin biyu ta tsaunukan Andes da kuma Chilean Coast Range. Rashin sanyi na Humboldt Current da Pacific Anticyclone suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin bushe na hamadar Atacama. Matsakaicin ruwan sama a yankin Chilean na Antofagasta shine kawai 1 mm a kowace shekara. Wasu tashoshin yanayi a Atacama ba su taɓa samun ruwan sama ba. Shaidu sun nuna cewa Atacama bazai sami ruwan sama mai yawa daga 1570 zuwa 1971. Yana da bushewa sosai cewa duwatsu da suka kai mita 6,885 (mita 22,590) ba su da ƙanƙara kuma, ɓangaren kudanci daga 25 ° S zuwa 27 ° S, na iya kasancewa ba su da kankara a duk lokacin Quaternary - kodayake permafrost ya kai har zuwa tsawo na mita 4,400 kuma yana ci gaba sama da mita 5,600. Bincike da wani rukuni na masana kimiyya na Burtaniya suka yi ya nuna cewa wasu koguna sun bushe shekaru 120,000. 

Wasu wurare a cikin Atacama suna karɓar hazo na ruwa da aka sani a cikin gida kamar Camanchaca (garúa a Peru), yana ba da isasshen danshi ga algae, lichens har ma da wasu cacti. Amma a cikin yankin da ke cikin "inuwa" na babban layin bakin teku, wanda ke da matsakaicin mita 3,000 don kimanin kilomita 100 a kudancin Antofagasta, an kwatanta ƙasa da na Mars. 

Kamar yadda taswirar yanayi ta nuna, inda tsawo ya isa ya hana kowane wata tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 10 ° C, hazo yana da ƙarancin isa ya ba da damar sauyawa tsakanin hamada mai sanyi (Köppen classification BWk) da tundra (ET).
Yanayin tsakiyar Chile yana da nau'in yanayi mai zafi na Bahar Rum, tare da yawan ruwan sama yana karuwa sosai kuma yana ci gaba daga arewa zuwa kudu.  A yankin Santiago, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na wata-wata yana kusan 19.5 °C a cikin watannin bazara na Janairu da Fabrairu da 7.5 °C a cikin watannin hunturu na Yuni da Yuli.  Matsakaicin hazo na wata-wata bai wuce alama ba a watan Janairu da Fabrairu da milimita 69.7 a watan Yuni da Yuli.  Akasin haka, a cikin Concepción matsakaita yanayin zafi na wata-wata yana ɗan ragu kaɗan a lokacin rani a 17.6 °C amma ya fi girma a cikin hunturu a 9.3 °C, kuma adadin ruwan sama ya fi girma.  A lokacin rani, Concepción yana samun matsakaicin milimita ashirin na ruwan sama a wata;  a watan Yuni da Yuli, ana bugun birnin da matsakaicin milimita 253 a kowane wata.  Kogunan da yawa suna ƙaruwa sosai sakamakon ruwan sama na sanyi da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara ta Andean, kuma suna yin kwangila sosai a lokacin rani.  Haɗin dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a cikin Andes da yanayin zafi mai matsakaicin matsakaici yana haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don tseren tsalle-tsalle.  Wuraren da ke kusa da kogin Bío-Bio, a tarihi ana kiransa La Frontera sun yi daidai da iyakar kudancin yanayin ƙasar Mediterranean, tare da ƴaƴan ƴaƴan ƙasar Mediterranean kamar su avocado, citrus, zaituni da inabi ana noma su a arewacinta da hatsi, alkama, apples and dankali zuwa kudu.  Wannan sauyi ko žasa mai tsauri yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rarrabuwar yamma a waɗannan latitudes (~ 37 ° S) zuwa reshe ɗaya da ke zuwa kudu maso gabas da wani zuwa arewa maso gabas, don wannan ya zama dole don ƙara raguwar arewa-kudu na Yankin Tekun Chilean wanda ya rage tasirin inuwar ruwan sama..    
A cikin Zona Sur da arewacin yankin Ostiraliya na Zona Austral yanayin yanayi yana da matsananciyar teku.  Anan Andean Cordillera yana katse iska mai danshi da ke kan gabar tekun Pacific a lokacin hunturu da watannin bazara;  wadannan iskoki suna yin sanyi yayin da suke hawan tsaunuka, lamarin da ya haifar da ruwan sama mai karfi a kan tsaunukan da ke fuskantar yamma.  Tekun Humboldt mai gudana zuwa arewa yana haifar da yanayi mai ɗanɗano da hazo kusa da bakin tekun.  Layin bishiyar yana kusan 2,400 m a arewacin yankin ecoregion (35 ° S), kuma ya gangara zuwa 1,000 m a kudancin yankin Valdivian.  A lokacin rani matsakaicin zafin jiki na iya hawa zuwa 16.5 °C (62 °F), yayin da lokacin hunturu zafin jiki zai iya faɗuwa ƙasa da 7 °C (45 °F)..     

 Yankin teku na subpolar 
Sauyin yanayin yanayi a Zona Austral ana daidaita shi sosai ta kusancinsa da teku kuma an san shi da tsayayyen yanayin yanayinsa, ƙananan sauye-sauye tare da yanayi.  Ruwan sama mafi girma yana tafiya tsakanin Afrilu da Mayu kuma lokacin dusar ƙanƙara yana tafiya cikin hunturu na Chile (Yuni har zuwa Satumba), kodayake matsakaicin zafin jiki ba ya faɗi ƙasa 1 ° C a yankunan bakin teku.  Wannan shi ne yanki mafi sanyi a Kudancin Amurka.  Puerto Natales a Zona Austral birni ne da ke da yawan ruwan sama a kowace shekara a Chile, yana da matsakaicin 161.. 

 Canjin yanayi 
Ana sa ran Canjin yanayi zai canza mitar da tsananin haɗarin halitta daban-daban a Chile, gami da gobarar daji, ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa, fari da hauhawar matakan teku. Manyan bangarorin da ke fama da tasirin canjin yanayi sun hada da noma, kamun kifi, noma da tsaro na ruwa.

A cikin 2023 Chile ta fitar da tan miliyan 107.99 na iskar gas, daidai da kusan 0.2% na jimlar duniya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan Chile ta fito a matsayin jagora na duniya a cikin makamashi mai tsabta, musamman hasken rana da iska. kuma ya yi alkawarin samun ci gaba a shekara ta 2050. A cewar Climate Action Tracker, kasar tana yin "ci gaba mai yawa" a cikin aikin yanayi ta hanyar fadada sabuntawa da kuma fitar da kwal.

 Shafukan yanayi don wurare daban-daban na Chile daga arewa zuwa kudu 

Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba