Turawa masu laifi

Laifin farar fata yana jujjuyawa nan. Don wasu amfani, duba Farin laifi (rashin fahimta).
Laifin farinJournal of Transatlantic Studies National Council of Teachers of Englishπ "Pascal Bruckner's La tyrannie de la pénitence"I imani ne cewa farar fata suna da alhakin cutarwar da ta samo asali daga tarihin wariyar launin fata ko halin yanzu ga mutanen da ke cikin wasu kabilu, alal misali a cikin yanayin cinikin bayi na Atlantic, mulkin mallaka na Turai, da kisan kare dangi na 'yan asalin.

A wasu yankuna na yammacin duniya, ana iya kiransa laifin farar fata, Their Editors: Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Authorial Intention, and the Impact of Editorial Choices". In Belinda Wheeler (ed.). A Companion to Australian Aboriginal Literature. Camden House Companions. p. 35. doi:10.1515/9781571138620-006. ISBN 978-1571139382. Aboriginal scholars found a "soft analysis" (Huggins and Tarrago, 143) of the colonial past that allowed for a "catharsis" of white settler guilt (Langton, 31). laifin mulkin mallaka, [Sneja Gunew (2017). "Who Counts As Human Within (European) Modernity?". Post-Multicultural Writers as Neo-cosmopolitan Mediators. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-1783086658. It endlessly reproduces white colonial guilt and folds it back into a certain streamlined history of oppression and colonialism that leaves no room for alternative agency. da sauran bambance-bambancen, waɗanda ke nuni da laifin da ya fi dacewa dangane da zama na Turai da mulkin mallaka. Manufar laifin farar fata yana da misalai duka a tarihi kuma a halin yanzu a cikin Amurka, Ostiraliya da kaɗan a Kanada, Netherlands, Afirka ta Kudu, Faransa, da Ingila.A World of Difference: White Guilt Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam kamar Lisa Spanierman da Mary Heppner sun bayyana jin laifin fararen fata a matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da wariyar launin fata ga fararen fata tare da tausayawa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da tsoron wadanda ba fararen fata ba"Psychosocial costs of racism to Whites: Understanding patterns among university students"

Tarihi
Amfani da farko
Kalmar "fararen laifi" an fara gabatar da ita a matsayin zargi, kamar lokacin da James Baldwin ya rubuta cewa "Babu labulen da ke ƙarƙashin sama da ya fi wannan labulen nauyi kuma yana kwance a bayansa wanda farar fata Amurkawa ke ɓoye" a cikin mawallafinsa "Laifin Farin Mutum", wanda aka fara bugawa a 1965.Baldwin, James (August 1965). "The White Man's Guilt". Ebony Magazine. .James, Baldwin (6 May 2020). Collected essays. BN. ISBN 978-5-476-68327-8. OCLC 1162814884 Hakazalika Martin Luther King ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa wariyar launin fata wani abin kunya ne na kasa baki daya, maimakon na sirri, yana cewa a cikin 1965 cewa "Zaluncin launin fata har yanzu nauyin Negro ne da abin kunya na Amurka."""Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution"" Ko kuma, kamar yadda ya sanya shi a cikin 1968, "Kowane mutum dole ne ya shiga cikin laifin a matsayin mutane da kuma a matsayin hukumomi. Dole ne gwamnati ta raba laifin da laifi; 1 dole ne su raba laifin; 1."Dr. Martin Luther Kings Jr. Speech, Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution"

An yi amfani da kalmar ta hanyar tunani, don bayyana jin daɗin da fararen fata ke yi. Judith Katz, mawallafin littafin White Awareness: Handbook for Anti-Racism Training, na 1978, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga abin da ta kira gyare-gyaren farar fata mai son kai. Damuwarta game da laifin farar fata ya sa ta tashi daga haduwar rukunin fararen fata zuwa kungiyoyin fararen fata a horon da ta yi na yaki da wariyar launin fata. Ta kuma guji yin amfani da mutanen da ba farar fata ba wajen sake ilmantar da farar fata, domin ta gano hakan ne ya sa turawan suka mayar da hankali wajen samun karbuwa da gafara maimakon sauya ayyukansu ko imanins, Judy (1978). White awareness : handbook for anti-racism training. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN  "What Should White People Do?"
Phony Ad Salesmen Prey on "White Guilt"
Wani rahoto a cikin The Washington Post daga 1978 ya kwatanta cin zarafi na fararen laifi da masu fasaha farar fata suka yi suna yin kamfen na wakiltar kamfanoni masu ra'ayin tsiraru ko wallafe-wallafe: "Lauyoyin waya da wasiku, cinikin 'fararen laifi' da kuma matsin lamba na gwamnati don yin talla a cikin wallafe-wallafen marasa rinjaye, suna jawo dubban 'yan kasuwa don siyar da tallace-tallace a cikin fararrun kamfanoni. sanya lafazin Baƙi ko Mexiko don siyar da sararin talla a cikin littattafan da ba a taɓa yaɗawa ga jama'a ba.Phony Ad Salesmen Prey on "White Guilt"

Binciken ilimi
A cikin 1999, binciken ilimi da aka gudanar a Jami'ar Pennsylvania yayi nazarin girman jin daɗin al'umma na laifin fari, yuwuwar tushen laifin laifuka, da kuma alaƙar farar laifi ga halaye don tabbatar da aiki. Nazarin guda hudu sun nuna cewa "Ko da yake ma'anar Farin Laifi ya kasance mai ƙasƙanci, tare da ma'anar kasancewa a ƙasa da tsakiyar ma'auni, kewayon da sauye-sauye ya tabbatar da wanzuwar jin daɗin farin ciki ga wasu". Sakamakon binciken ya kuma nuna cewa laifin farar fata yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da "ƙananan kima na mutum mara kyau" na fararen fata gabaɗaya, da kuma girman tunanin mutum na laifin farar fata da kansa ya annabta halaye game da farar gata, wariyar launin fata da kuma tabbatar da aiki."White Guilt: Its Antecedents and Consequences for Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action"

Bincike na 2003 a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz, a cikin bincikensa na farko, ya kwatanta haɗin kai tsakanin laifin fari da ƙarfin imani ga farin gata. Nazarin na biyu ya nuna cewa laifin farar fata "ya samo asali ne daga ganin Amurkawa na Turai a matsayin masu cin zarafin wariyar launin fata", kuma yana da tsinkayar goyon baya ga kokarin ramawa ga Amurkawa na Afirka.Crosby, Faye Jacqueline
Wata takarda ta ilimi ta nuna cewa a Faransa, laifin farar fata na iya zama wani abu na yau da kullun na gudanar da dangantakar launin fata - sabanin sauran ƙasashen Turai."Racial Interactions, Racism Accusations and White Guilt in France and Italy"

Wani nazari na 2019 na bincike guda biyu ya gano cewa "a cikin masu sassaucin ra'ayi na zamantakewa, koyo game da Farin gata yana rage tausayi, yana ƙara zargi, da kuma rage halayen waje ga mutanen farar fata masu fama da talauci.""Complex intersections of race and class: Among social liberals, learning about White privilege reduces sympathy, increases blame, and decreases external attributions for White people struggling with poverty"

Yankuna
A Amurka
Bayard Rustin mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a na Amurka ya rubuta cewa diyya ga bautar zai zama cin zarafin farar fata da kuma lalata "mutuncin baki""Should black Americans get slavery reparations?" A cikin 2006, Sanata Barack Obama na lokacin ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa The Audacity of Hope cewa "da gaskiya ko kuskure, laifin farar fata ya ƙare kansa a Amurka""The great black and white hope?"Ra'ayinsa game da batun ya dogara ne akan wata hulɗa da aka yi a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka, inda ya shaida wani ɗan majalisa farar fata ya koka game da sanya shi "ya fi farin ciki" lokacin da abokin aikinsa baƙar fata ya tattauna da su game da wariyar launin fata."White guilt won't fix America's race problem. Only justice and equality will"
"Four Winds students raise money for Mashpee Wampanoag tribe" 
Shelby Steele, marubucin siyasa baƙar fata mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya soki ra'ayin a cikin littafinsa na 2006 White Guilt: Yadda Blacks da Whites Tare suka Rusa Alkawarin Zaman Haƙƙin Bil'adama. Steele ya zargi wasu bakar fata da yin amfani da laifin farare ta hanyar nuna a matsayin wadanda aka yi wa wariyar launin fata. Steele ya kira wannan wani yunkuri na rashin gaskiya na siyasa ta hanyar yin amfani da farar laifi don da'awar ikon ɗabi'a na musammanWhite Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era
Jennifer Jones (2015). "Australian Aboriginal Life Writers and Their Editors: Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Authorial Intention, and the Impact of Editorial Choices". In Belinda Wheeler (ed.). A Companion to Australian Aboriginal Literature. Camden House Companions. p. 35. doi:10.1515/9781571138620-006. ISBN 978-1571139382. Aboriginal scholars found a "soft analysis" (Huggins and Tarrago, 143) of the colonial past that allowed for a "catharsis" of white settler guilt (Langton, 31).
George F. Will, ɗan jaridar Amurka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya rubuta cewa: "[Farin Laifi] wani nau'i ne na taya kai murna, inda farar fata suka fara 'manufofin tausayi' ga mutane masu launi, don nuna rashin laifi ga wariyar launin fata.".
"White Guilt, Deciphered"
A cikin 2015, lokacin da aka yi la'akari da cewa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a Ba'amurke Rachel Dolezal ta kasance a matsayin Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, 'yar jaridar Washington Post Krissah Thompson ta bayyana ta a matsayin "babban laifin farar fata da aka buga har zuwa karshensa". Thompson ya tattauna batun tare da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Derald Wing Sue, kwararre kan asalin launin fata, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa Dolezal ya sha'awar wariyar launin fata da al'amurran da suka shafi adalcin launin fata da ta "fiye da su" tare da baƙar fata. "Passing in reverse: What does an NAACP leader's case say about race?" a cikin 2016, gundumar makarantar Henrico County, Virginia ta daina amfani da bidiyo na ilimi nan gaba, Tsari Tsari: Race Rashin Dama, wanda ya hango farin gata da tsarin wariyar launin fata. Iyaye sun koka, suna kiransa da bidiyon laifin fari, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da sufetan gundumar"Parents outraged after students shown 'white guilt' cartoon for Black History Month"

Tun daga 2016, masu sassaucin ra'ayi masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun ƙididdige ƙungiyoyin da ba fararen fata ba fiye da yadda suke yi. Duk wata ƙungiyar launin fata tana jin daɗin ƙabilar tasu fiye da yadda suke yi game da sauran jinsi, bisa ga ƙuri'ar da Nazarin Zaɓen Ƙasar Amirka ya gudanar a cikin 2018. "How White Liberals Became Woke, Radically Changing Their Outlook On Race" an danganta hakan ne da son raba kansu da salon wariyar launin fata na shugaban kasa na lokacin Donald Trump da wasu mabiyansa,,"How White Liberals Became Woke, Radically Changing Their Outlook On Race"

A cikin Oktoba 2018, The Economist ya ba da shawarar cewa karuwa a Amurkawa da ke da'awar asalin asalin Amurkawa, galibi ba daidai ba, ana iya bayyana su ta yunƙurin "warke su daga laifuffukan gama gari na Turai saboda kisan kare dangi na ƴan asalin ƙasar"."The controversies over claims to Native American ancestry"gv A cikin 2019, an yi zargin cewa laifin farar fata ne ke rinjayar Amurkawa farar fata masu sassaucin ra'ayi, canza yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa don zama mafi hada launin fata bayan zaben Donald Trump. Wannan ya hada da hanyoyin da aka yi la'akari da wadanda aka zaba na Demokradiyya don zaben shugaban kasa na 2020."How 'White Guilt' in the Age of Trump Shapes the Democratic Primary" "How White Liberals Became Woke, Radically Changing Their Outlook On Race"

A watan Oktoba na 2019, ɗalibai a wata makarantar sakandare a Massachusetts sun tara kuɗi don Ƙabilar Mashpee Wampanoag, bayan sun sami labarin cin zalin kakannin ƙabilar da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi. Daraktan makarantar ya ce ta bar dukkan dalibanmu da irin wannan tunanin na laifin Turawa, ko wani abu, wani dalibi ya ce "Idan ba a yi kokarin gyara abin da kakanninmu suka yi ba, to kabilu za su mutu""Four Winds students raise money for Mashpee Wampanoag tribe"

A Ostiraliya
Marubuciya Sally Morgan 1987's Littafin My Place, wanda ke bincika asalin Aboriginal, ya fuskanci zargi don samarwa Turawa Australiya labarin mulkin mallaka a Ostiraliya wanda, masu sukar suna jayayya, yana rage girman laifin farar fata. Jones (2015). "Australian Aboriginal Life Writers and Their Editors: Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Authorial Intention, and the Impact of Editorial Choices". In Belinda Wheeler (ed.). A Companion to Australian Aboriginal Literature. Camden House Companions. p. 35. doi:10.1515/9781571138620-006. ISBN 978-1571139382. Aboriginal scholars found a "soft analysis" (Huggins and Tarrago, 143) of the colonial past that allowed for a "catharsis" of white settler guilt (Langton, 31)., Langton ta bayyana littafin a matsayin wani nau'i na yarda da laifin Turai: "Littafin catharsis ne. Yana ba da saki da sauƙi, ba wai kawai ga mutanen Aborigin da aka zalunta ta hanyar wariyar launin fata ba, kamar yadda fararen fata suka shiga cikin ganganci kuma ba da gangan ba "Marcia Langton (2003). "Aboriginal art and film: the politics of representation". In Michele Grossman (ed.). Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians. Melbourne University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0522850697

New Zealand
A cikin New Zealand, gadon mulkin mallaka na New Zealand daga mazauna Turai ya haifar da ma'anar farar fata a cikin gida dangane da sakamakon lalacewar al'adun Māori da aka rigaya da kuma cin zarafin mutanen Māori na asali.White Privilege: Exploring the (in)visibility of Pakeha whiteness ,Avril Bell (2004). "'Cultural Vandalism' and Pākehā Politics of Guilt and Responsibility". In Paul Spoonley; David George Pearson (eds.). Tangata Tangata: The Changing Ethnic Contours of New Zealand. Cengage. pp. 90–107. ISBN 9780170124799.Daga nan sai shugaban 'yan adawa Bill English ya ba da jawabi a shekara ta 2002 inda ya ki amincewa da "laifi mai girma" da aka ce ana ji a tsakanin Pākehā sakamakon mulkin mallaka na Aotearoa da kakanninsu suka yi. Avril Bell (2004). "'Cultural Vandalism' and Pākehā Politics of Guilt and Responsibility". In Paul Spoonley; David George Pearson (eds.). Tangata Tangata: The Changing Ethnic Contours of jawabin na Ingilishi ya zo ne a matsayin mayar da martani ga kwamishinan dangantakar jinsi na gwamnati, wanda ya kwatanta tasirin mulkin mallaka na New Zealand da lalata Buddha na Bamiyan da Taliban suka yi "Taliban comparison draws fire for NZ minister"

Academic Elizabeth Rata ya bayar da shawarar cewa "ba tare da madubi image na unexpiated laifi, wani zama dole tsari a cikin fitarwa da kuma tabbatar da wani shared gaskiya, Pākehā laifi koma, ba uwa na gaba mataki na externalised kunya, amma a cikin wani ciki da kuma kewaye narcissism". A cikin bincikenta, ta ba da shawarar cewa Kotun Waitangi ta rasa damar da za ta sasanta fararen fata a New Zealand.Elizabeth Rata

Mahimman ra'ayi
Mai sharhi Sunny Hundal, wanda ya rubuta wa The Guardian, ya ce "mai rahusa" ne don sanya ra'ayoyin siyasa ga laifin gamayya kamar "laifi mai farar fata" kuma mutane kaɗan a gefen hagu a zahiri suna da ra'ayoyin da marubutan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka bayyana a kan manufar "fararen laifi" da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da su. Hundal ya kammala da cewa: "Ba abin da ya ba ni haushi ba fiye da ra'ayin cewa zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi shine cike da laifi. Don zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin al'umma, a ganina, shine mafi yawan kulawa da tausayi da jin tausayi ga wasu ... don lakafta cewa kawai laifi ne kawai ... zagi." Sunny Hundal

A cikin 2015, Gary Younge ya binciko rashin rashin ƙarfi na fararen fata a cikin al'umma, yana rubutawa: "Ba zai rufe gibin biya ba, ratawar rashin aikin yi, ratar dukiya ko rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ɗaurin baki da fari. Ba zai dawo da Walter Scott, Trayvon Martin ko Brandon Moore ba. yana da yawa, buƙatun gyara wariyar launin fata za su yi ƙarfi, ba tare da la’akari da yawan wariyar launin fata ba”Coleman Hughes

Manazarta