Baba Gurdit Singh

Baba Gurdit Singh (25 Agusta 1860 - 24 Yuli 1954) shine babban jigo a waki'ar Komagata Maru na 1914,  daya daga cikin al'amura da dama a tarihin farkon karni na 20 da suka hada da dokokin ware a cikin Kanada da Amurka da aka tsara don hana bakin haure daga asalin Asiya kawai.

An haifi Singh a cikin 1860 a Sarhali, a cikin gundumar Amritsar na lardin Punjab a Indiya ta Burtaniya . A cikin 1914 ya yi hayar wani jirgin ruwa na Japan, Komagata Maru, don zuwa Kanada, ya isa Vancouver a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1914.  Gwamnati ba ta bari jirgin ya tsaya ba kuma 'yan sanda sun kai wa jirgin hari da dare. Fasinjojin dai sun fatattaki harin da ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce tsakanin Indiyawan da ke Kanada. 

 Shekarun farko 
Kakansa, Sardar Rattan Singh babban hafsan soja ne a cikin sojojin Sikh Khalsa kuma ya yi yaƙi da Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Anglo-Sikh na farko da na biyu. Ya ki amincewa da tayin Birtaniya na jagir bayan hadewar Punjab. Daga baya, mahaifinsa Sardar Hukam Singh ya tafi Malaya inda ya zauna a matsayin dan kwangila.

 Ilimi 
Gurdit Singh ya samu karancin ilimi tun yana kuruciyarsa, wani bangare saboda mugunyar da malaminsa ya yi masa wanda ya sa ya bar makaranta. Koyaya, yana ɗan shekara 13, ya sami ilimin firamare a asirce don ya sami damar yin rubutu da mahaifinsa a Malaya.

 British Malaya 
Gurdit Singh ya ziyarci Malaya a kusan 1885 kuma ya gudanar da kasuwanci a Singapore da Malaya a matsayin dan kwangila. Ya dawo daga can a 1909. A cikin 1911 ya ɗaga muryarsa akan begar (wani nau'i na aikin tilastawa). Ya rubuta wa gwamnati korafin jami’an da ke tilasta wa talakawan kauyen su yi musu aiki ba tare da an biya su albashi ba, kuma da bai samu amsa ba, sai ya yi kira ga mutanen kauyensu da su ki a yi musu bara . 

 Gado 
Wani hamshakin mai kamun kifi a Singapore, Gurdit Singh ya yi hayar wani jirgin ruwan Japan mai suna Komagata Maru a shekara ta 1914 don ya tafi Kanada, da nufin taimaka wa ‘yan uwansa da aka toshe tafiye-tafiye zuwa Kanada. Gwamnatin Kanada ta sanya takunkumi kan shigowar Indiyawan. 

Jirgin yana da jimillar fasinjoji 376 wadanda 351 daga cikinsu mabiya addinin Sikh ne da kuma musulmin Punjabi 21. Jirgin ya tashi daga Hong Kong zuwa Vancouver a ranar 3 ga Afrilun 1914. Hatsarin da hukumomin kasashen ketare suka yi da wahalhalun da fasinjojinsa ke fuskanta ya sa su zama masu kishin kasa.  Jirgin ya isa Vancouver a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1914, ba a ba shi izinin angiya ba kuma 'yan sanda sun kai masa hari da daddare. Fasinjojin dai sun fatattaki harin da ya haifar da cece-kuce a tsakanin Indiyawan da ke Canada.  Ana kiran wannan da waki'ar Komagata Maru .

An cimma yarjejeniya kuma jirgin ya koma Indiya. Ya isa Calcutta a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1914. Duk da haka, ba a ba wa fasinjoji damar shiga Calcutta ba; A maimakon haka an umarce su da su shiga jirgin da zai nufi Punjab musamman wanda aka shirya don haka. Sun ki yin haka kuma an kashe da yawa daga cikin fasinjojin, kodayake da yawa sun tsere. 

Gurdit Singh ya san matsalolin da Punjabis ke fuskanta wajen zuwa Kanada saboda dokokin ware. A bayyane yake kuma yana sane da ƙa'idodin Janairu 1914 lokacin da ya yi hayar Komagata Maru, tare da manufar ƙalubalantar ci gaba da ka'idojin tafiya da buɗe kofa na ƙaura daga Indiya zuwa Kanada.  Ya yi imanin zai iya ƙetare wannan doka ta hanyar hayar jirgin ruwa don tashi daga Calcutta zuwa Vancouver.

A lokaci guda kuma, a cikin Janairu 1914, ya fito fili ya ba da goyon bayan Ghadarite yayin da yake Hong Kong .  Jam'iyyar Ghadar ƙungiya ce da Indiyawan Amurka da Kanada suka kafa a watan Yuni 1913 da nufin 'yantar da Indiya daga mulkin Birtaniyya. An kuma san shi da Ƙungiyar Hindi na Tekun Fasifik.

 Bayan shekaru 
Singh ya tsere  kuma ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa na shekaru da yawa har zuwa 1920 lokacin da, bisa shawarar Mahatma Gandhi, ya ba da kansa na son rai a Nankana Sahib  kuma an ɗaure shi shekaru biyar. Daga baya, ya zauna a Calcutta.

A cikin 1937 Pratap Singh Kairon, Babban Babban Ministan Punjab na gaba sannan kuma wanda aka zaba Akali, ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Punjab, inda ya doke dan takarar Congress, Baba Gurdit Singh na Sarhali.

Singh ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1954, a Amritsar kuma an kona shi a kauyensu Sarhali Kalan, Tarn taran. Baba Gurdit Singh ya bar ɗa guda, Baba Balwant Singh.

 Fina-finai 
Wani fim mai suna Guru Nanak Jahaz a rayuwarsa an yi shi tare da Gurpreet Ghuggi a cikin jagorancin Baba Gurdit Singh. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2025 akan rayuwar Mewa Singh Lopoke da rawar da ya taka a harkar Ghaderite da dukkan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jirgin Komagata Maru da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a kusa da Baba Gurdit Singh. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba