Susan B. Anthony na biyu

Susan Brownell Anthony II (Yuli 26, 1916 - Yuli 8, 1991) yar jaridar Amurka ce kuma marubuciya, mai fafutuka kuma mai ba da shawara kan shaye-shaye. Ta girma a Easton, Pennsylvania, kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Rochester, ta kammala karatunta a 1938. A lokacin karatunta, ta zama mai fafutuka a cikin abubuwan ci gaba, amma kuma ta yi fama da shaye-shaye. Ta goyi bayan wanzar da zaman lafiya, kungiyar masu adawa da mulkin Fascist, rarrabuwar kawuna, da yancin mata, gami da bayar da shawarwari don cire harajin zabe a matsayin cikas ga zaben mata, da kuma cibiyoyin kula da yara ga iyaye mata masu aiki. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga The Washington Star kuma ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 1941 a Jami'ar Amurka .

A cikin 1940s, Anthony ya fara buga littattafai kan al'amuran mata kuma ya shirya shirin rediyo na mata a birnin New York. Ta shiga Alcoholics Anonymous kuma ta sami nutsuwa. A cikin 1949, ta shirya wani shiri a Boston don WORL wanda aka tsara don ilimantar da mutane game da shaye-shaye da maganinta a matsayin cuta. Komawa zuwa Florida a farkon 1950s, ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Key West Citizen, amma dangantakarta da dalilai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu fafutuka sun kawo ta ga kwamitin Ayyukan Ayyukan Ba-Amurka . Don gujewa ba da shaida, ta ɗauki matsayin ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya, saboda mijinta ɗan shuka ne ɗan Burtaniya da ke zaune a Jamaica . Yayin da take zaune a tsibirin, ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga The Gleaner .

Lokacin da Anthony ya sake aure a shekara ta 1960 kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa Amurka, jami’ai sun yi mata barazanar kora daga ƙasar da suka yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi watsi da zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Bayan yaƙin shekara tara, inda ta sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin tauhidi kuma ta fara koyarwa a Florida, an maido da zama ɗan ƙasa. Tafiya a duk faɗin Amurka, Anthony ya yi jawabai kan al'amuran haƙƙin mata da natsuwa. A cikin 1975, ta haɗu da kafa Gidan Wayside a Delray Beach, Florida, don taimaka wa wasu mata don kiyaye hankalinsu. Kwamitin majalisar dattijan Amurka kan shaye-shaye da muggan kwayoyi ya karrama ta saboda aikinta da masu shaye-shaye. Ta ci gaba da buga littattafai, gami da tarihin rayuwarta, har zuwa 1980s. Anthony ta mutu daga ciwon daji na kashi a 1991, ta ba da gudummawar takardunta ga Jami'ar Rochester.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Susan Brownell Anthony II a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1916, a Easton, Pennsylvania, zuwa Charlotte (née Sutherland) da Luther Burt Anthony.    Mahaifinta ya koma Easton a 1898 don yin aiki a matsayin kocin wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Lafayette kuma an san shi da aikinsa a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo.  Ba zai iya yin wasan kwaikwayo na rubuce-rubuce da kuma yin aiki ba, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da gundumar Dun &amp; Bradstreet na tsawon shekaru 30 sannan kuma a cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati har sai ya yi ritaya.   Mahaifiyarta, wacce aka haifa a Jamaica, marubuciya ce kuma malami.   Kakan mahaifinta shi ne Yakubu Merritt Anthony, ƙan'uwa ga suffragist Susan B. Anthony .  

Anthony ya girma a Easton akan Hill College, lokacin bazara a gidan dangi a Raubsville .  Ta sauke karatu magna cum laude a cikin 1938 tare da digiri na kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Rochester akan wani guraben karo karatu mai suna bayan babbar uwarta da mai suna.    Sakamakon matsalar nauyi da rashin kima, ta fara sha a jami'a.   A lokaci guda, ta shiga cikin al'amuran zamantakewa kamar adalci na launin fata, yaki da talauci da yunkurin zaman lafiya .   Ta yi kira ga a dage takunkumin da aka sanya wa jamhuriyar Sipaniya ta makamai domin su yaki farkisanci . Ta kuma shiga Majalisar Negro ta kasa, tana matsawa 'yancin farar hula ga baki. 

 Daga baya aiki (1960-1987) 
Yayin da take fafatawa don sake samun zama ɗan ƙasa, Anthony ta sami tuba ta addini kuma ta shiga Cocin Roman Katolika .  Ta yi karatun tauhidi a Kwalejin Saint Mary's da ke Notre Dame, Indiana, ta sami digirin digirgir a 1965 a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan matan Katolika na farko da suka samu digirin tauhidi. Bayan kammala karatunta, Anthony ya koma Boca Raton, Florida, inda ta koyar da ilimin tauhidi a Kwalejin Marymount tsakanin 1965 da 1969.   Anthony ya goyi bayan Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata, amma saboda yanayin shari'a, ta rage shigar da ita cikin zanga-zangar, tana mai da hankali kan laccoci game da 'yancin mata.  Da zarar an dawo mata da zama 'yar kasa, ta zaga kasar tana magana kan 'yancin mata, shaye-shaye, da kuma karfin addu'a.  A cikin 1971, ta buga tarihin rayuwarta, The Ghost in My Life, tana kwatanta yadda ta cimma yarjejeniya da gadon innarta da kuma neman nata na daban.   A cikin 1973, ta zama mashawarcin jaraba a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kudancin County a Delray Beach kuma bayan shekaru biyu ta kafa gidan Wayside House, cibiyar kula da mata masu dogaro da sinadarai, tare da Phyllis Michelfelder.  

A cikin 1976, Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka akan Alcoholism da Drugs ya karrama Anthony saboda aikinta tare da masu shan giya.   A wannan shekarar, ta yi ƙoƙari ta shiga gidan zuhudu, amma bayan ƴan watanni, farkar ta ƙarfafa ta ta tafi.   An gayyace ta don halartar taron mata na 1977 na kasa kuma ta amince da Daidaita Hakkokin .  Ita ce mamba ta farko a cikin rukunin Dokar Katolika na ERA wacce ta nemi amincewa a ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s.  A cikin 1979, an gayyace ta zuwa Fadar White House don halartar liyafar liyafar da Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa Rosalynn Carter ta shirya, a kan samar da dalar Susan B. Anthony . Anthony ya ci gaba da yin aiki a kan da'irar lacca a cikin 1980s kuma ya shiga cikin Seneca Women's Encampment for a Future of Peace and Justice in 1983. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Ko da yake ta zauna a Deerfield Beach, Anthony ya mutu daga ciwon daji na kashi a Hospice-By-The-Sea a Boca Raton a ranar Yuli 8, 1991.   Anthony da 'yan mata na tsararrakinta sun kafa harsashin ginin mata mai karfi don sake fitowa a cikin 1960s. Akidar ci gaba da suka bayar tsakanin 1945 zuwa 1956 ta kasance cikin duhu saboda tasirin McCarthyism akan Tsohon Hagu .  Masu fafutuka irin su Anthony sun kasance masu kyamar bayyana kansu a matsayin ko dai ’yan mata ko ’yan gurguzu.  A cikin ƙoƙari na kewayawa a cikin zamanin da ba a sami haɗin kai na mata ba, mata masu ra'ayin gurguzu duka sun tura reshen ci gaba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci don fadada ra'ayoyinsu na kalubalen mata  kuma sun yi watsi da ra'ayoyin gurguzu cewa jinsi da launin fata sun kasance masu cin zarafi na cin zarafi. Maimakon haka, sun yi jayayya cewa jima'i ya sa ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga mata su canza tsarin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.  Takardun ta sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarin musamman na ɗakunan karatu na Kogin Campus a Jami'ar Rochester. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba