Laki

Laki (Farancin Iceland: [] i) ko Lakagígar ([ˈlaːkaˌciː__hau____hau____hau__ Craters na Laki) wani dutse ne mai fitattun wuta a yammacin yankin Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland, ba da nisa da dutsen Eldgjá da ƙaramin ƙauyen Kirkjubæjarklaustur . Ana kiran fissure da Lakagígar, yayin da Laki dutse ne wanda fissure ya raba. Lakagígar wani bangare ne na tsarin dutsen mai fitattun wuta wanda ke tsakiyar dutsen mai suna Grímsvötn kuma ya haɗa da dutsen mai fashewa Þórðarhyrna .   Yana tsakanin kankara na Mýrdalsjökull da Vatnajökull, a cikin wani yanki na fissures da ke gudana a kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas.

Tsarin ya barke da tashin hankali a cikin watanni takwas tsakanin watan Yuni 1783 da Fabrairu 1784 daga fissure Laki da dutsen mai aman wuta Grímsvötn. Ya zubar da kimanin 42 biliyan ton ko       na basalt lava da kuma gajimare na guba na hydrofluoric acid da sulfur dioxide mahadi da suka gurɓata ƙasa, wanda ya kai ga mutuwar sama da 50% na yawan dabbobin Iceland, da lalata yawancin amfanin gonaki. Wannan ya haifar da yunwa wanda sannan ya kashe aƙalla kashi biyar  na al'ummar tsibirin, kodayake wasu sun yi iƙirarin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu. 

Fashewar Laki da sakamakonsa sun haifar da raguwar yanayin zafi na duniya, yayin da aka zubar da tan miliyan 120 na sulfur dioxide a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere. Wannan ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona a Turai kuma yana iya haifar da fari a Arewacin Afirka da Indiya.

 Fashewar shekara ta 1783 

A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1783, wani rami mai tsawon kilomita  (15.5  na akalla 130 ya buɗe tare da fashewar phreatoMagma saboda ruwan da ke ƙasa yana hulɗa da magma mai tasowa. A cikin 'yan kwanaki fashewar ta zama ƙasa da fashewa, Strombolian, kuma daga baya Hawaiian a cikin hali, tare da babban ƙimar hawan dutse. Wannan taron an kiyasta shi a matsayin 4 a kan Volcanic Explosivity Index,  amma fitar da watanni takwas na sulfuric aerosols ya haifar da daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da zamantakewa na karni na karshe.  

 Sakamakon a Iceland 
Sakamakon ga Iceland, wanda aka sani da   (matsalar hazo), sun kasance bala'i. An kiyasta cewa kashi 20-25% na yawan jama'a sun mutu a cikin yunwa bayan fashewar fashewa ta biyo baya.  (Wasu kafofin sun ƙayyade yawan mutuwar tsakanin mutane 9,000 da 9,500.)   Kimanin 80% na tumaki (190,500 kai), 50% na shanu (11,500 kai) da 50% na dawakai (28,000 kai) sun mutu saboda fluorosis na hakora da fluorosis na kwarangwal daga tan miliyan 8 na fluorine da aka saki. Mutuwar dabbobi ta samo asali ne daga cin ciyawa mai gurbata, yayin da mutuwar mutane galibi daga yunwa ce da ta biyo baya.

 Manazarta