Amos Brown

Amos Cleophilus Brown (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1941) fasto ne na Afirka kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Shi ne shugaban reshen San Francisco na NAACP, kuma ya kasance fasto na Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Uku ta San Francisco tun shekara ta 1976.  Brown na ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai takwas kawai waɗanda suka ɗauki aji na kwaleji kawai da Martin Luther King Jr. ya taɓa koyarwa.   Yana aiki a cikin kwamitin California Reparations Task Force .

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Brown a Jackson, Mississippi, a cikin shekara ta 1941. An haifi kakansa bawa ne a Franklin County, Mississippi .  Mahaifin Brown ya yi aiki a matsayin fastocin cocin karkara da kuma janitor.

A shekara ta 1955, Brown ya shirya majalisar matasa ta farko ta NAACP. Ya fara saduwa da Martin Luther King a taron kasa na NAACP na 1956 a San Francisco, wanda ya halarta a gayyatar Medgar Evers, wanda ya kori Brown a can da kansa.

A shekara ta 1959, Brown ya soki makarantun rarrabe a wata hira da Cleveland Plain Dealer .  A mayar da martani, an hana shi dawowa don babban shekarunsa a makarantar sakandare ta Jim Hill da aka raba a lokacin. Medgar Evers, sakataren filin NAACP a lokacin, ya shiga tsakani,  yana barazanar karar da za ta tilasta wa sake rarraba makarantar sakandare ta fari da ke kusa. An bar Brown ya koma Jim Hill, amma daga baya an soke majalisar dalibai, wanda shi ne shugaban, don kawo karshen matsayinsa na shugabanci; kuma an hana shi daga matsayin babban shugaban aji wanda abokan karatunsa daga baya suka zabe shi; kuma an sake shi zuwa salutatorian duk da cewa ya sami babban darajar ilimi na mai ba da labari.

Brown ya halarci Kwalejin Morehouse, ya kammala a 1964, sannan ya shiga Makarantar tauhidin Crozer. Martin Luther King ya rubuta ɗaya daga cikin wasiƙun shawarwarin Brown. J. Pius Barbour ya yi aiki a matsayin "dean ba bisa ka'ida ba" na ɗaliban baƙar fata a makarantar, alma mater nasa. Brown ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a fannin falsafar zamantakewa wanda Sarki ya koyar da shi tare da ministan kwaleji Samuel Woodrow Williams .  Brown na ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai takwas da aka zaɓa don aji.

Bayan ya sami masanin allahntaka (M.Div.) daga Crozer, Brown daga baya ya ci gaba da karɓar likita na hidima daga United Theological Seminary . 

 Ayyuka da gwagwarmaya 
Brown ya zama babban fasto na Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Uku ta San Francisco a shekara ta 1976.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na NAACP Youth and College Division da National Baptist Commission on Civil Rights .  Shi ne shugaban reshen San Francisco na NAACP .  Ya kuma kasance a cikin kwamitin daraktocin NAACP .   

A cikin 1991, Brown ya ba da shaida a sauraron gabatarwa na Kotun Koli na Clarence Thomas a madadin Yarjejeniyar Baptist ta Amurka, Yarjejeniyar Baftisma ta Kasa, Amurka, Inc., da Yarjejeniyar Babutista ta Kasa. Ya bayyana cewa kuri'un taron sun kasance kusan ɗaya a cikin adawarsu ga ga zaben Thomas.
Brown ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Masu Kula da San Francisco daga 1996 zuwa 2001. Magajin garin Willie Brown ne ya nada shi a shekarar 1996,   sannan aka zabe shi zuwa wa'adin shekaru biyu a shekarar 1999. Yayinda yake memba na Kwamitin Masu Kula, ya ba da shawarar wata doka da za ta hana tsayawa a kusurwar titi sama da minti biyar, tare da masu zaman kansu da ke fuskantar tarar $ 250 da har zuwa watanni shida a kurkuku.   Ya kasa lashe sake zaben zuwa kwamitin a shekara ta 2000.

Brown ya ce a cikin wata hira cewa asalin Motsi na zama na ɗalibai an "yi soyayya... ko kuma ba daidai ba". A cewar Brown, kungiyar farko da aka shirya "motsi", kamar yadda ake kira a lokacin, ta kasance a Birnin Oklahoma a watan Agustan 1958, karkashin jagorancin Majalisar Matasan NAACP. A shekara ta 1961, an kama Brown tare da Martin Luther King Jr. a wurin zama na abincin rana. Ya kuma shiga Freedom Riders a wannan shekarar.

Brown mai goyon bayan Hakkin LGBT ne. Ya yi magana don goyon bayan dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta California a shekarar 1991.

Bayan hare-haren 11 ga Satumba, Brown ya ja hankalin mutane saboda maganganun da ya yi a lokacin hidimar tunawa da Satumba 17, 2001 a Bill Graham Civic Auditorium ga wadanda harin ya shafa. Brown ya ce: "Amurka, Amurka, me ka yi - ko dai da gangan ko ba da gangan ba - a cikin tsari na duniya, a Amurka ta tsakiya, a Afirka inda har yanzu bama-bamai ke fashewa? Amurka, me kuka yi a taron dumama duniya lokacin da ba ku rungumi ƙananan kasashe ba? Amurka, menene kuka yi makonni biyu da suka gabata lokacin da na tsaya a taron duniya kan wariyar launin fata, lokacin da ba za ku bayyana ba?"  Wakilin Amurka Nancy Pelosi, dan Democrat da ke wakiltar San Francisco a waje, shine kawai ya nuna cewa: "Satumba Brown, 11 za mu dauki alhakin wannan aikin"

Ya fuskanci zargi daga wasu ministocin baƙar fata saboda goyon bayansa ga auren jinsi guda da adawa da Shirin 8 a California a shekara ta 2008.  A shekara ta 2012, ya shiga Hukumar Kasa ta NAACP a cikin jefa kuri'a da yawa don tallafawa daidaiton aure. Brown ya goyi bayan Halatta wiwi, kuma ya yi kira ga karin 'yan Afirka na Afirka su sami murya a masana'antar wiwi ta likita.

Brown ya yi kira ga a biya baƙar fata diyya, don taimakawa wajen karfafa tattalin arziki da kuma biyan bashin ilimi.

Brown ya ba da kansa ga Operation Crossroads Africa a 1964, ya kwashe sama da watanni biyu a yammacin Afirka. Ya ziyarci nahiyar sama da sau 20 tun daga lokacin. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Uku ta dauki nauyin 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka da yawa, kuma ta ba da damar yara 80 daga Tanzania su sami tiyata ta zuciya a Amurka.

A ƙarshen watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, rapper kuma mai mallakar karamin kasuwanci Xiao Chuan, wanda aka fi sani da Chino Yang, ya zargi Brown da tsoratarwa. Bayan Chuan ya fitar da bidiyon kiɗa wanda ya soki Magajin garin London Breed saboda yawan aikata laifuka na San Francisco, Brown ya fuskanci shi a kasuwancinsa. A cewar Chuan, Brown ya bukaci rapper ya yi watsi da waƙar kuma ya nemi gafara, yana barazanar shirya al'ummar baƙar fata ta birnin a kansa idan bai yi ba. Brown ya musanta cewa ya yi barazanar Chuan, amma daga baya ya nemi gafara saboda ayyukansa.

A watan Yunin 2025, Brown ya sanar da cewa zai sauka daga matsayinsa na shugaban fasto na Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Uku, a cikin wani yunkuri da ya kira "repositioning" maimakon ritaya.

 Kyaututtuka da karbuwa 

 Kyautar Ma'aikatar Martin Luther King Jr. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1941
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba