Adygea

Adygea a hukumance Jamhuriya Adygean ko Jamhuriwar Adygean, jamhuriya ce ta Rasha. Tana naa a yankin Arewacin Caucasus na Gabashin Turai. Jamhuriyar wani bangare ne na Gundumar Tarayya ta Kudu, kuma tana rufe yanki na  kilomita 7,600 (2,900 sq , tare da yawan jama'a kusan 496,934. Yana da wani enclave a cikin Krasnodar Krai kuma shine na biyar mafi ƙanƙanta na tarayya na Rasha ta yanki. Maykop ita ce babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a Adygea, gida ne ga kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'ar jamhuriya.

Adygea na daya daga cikin jumhuriyar kabilar kasar Rasha, da farko tana wakiltar al'ummar Circassian 'yan asalin kasar, wadanda ke da kashi 25% na al'ummar Jamhuriyar, yayin da 'yan kasar Rasha ke da kashi 60%, kuma suna da 'yan tsiraru 'yan Armeniyawa da Ukrainian. Harsunan hukuma na Adygea sune Adyghe da Rashanci.

 Tarihi 
An kafa yankin Cherkess (Adyghe) mai cin gashin kansa a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1922, a cikin yankunan Kuban-Black Sea Oblast. A lokacin, Krasnodar ita ce cibiyar gudanarwa. An sake masa suna Adyghe (Cherkess) Oblast mai cin gashin kansa a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1922, jim kaɗan bayan ƙirƙirar ta. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na wanzuwar yankin mai cin gashin kansa ya kasance wani ɓangare na SFSR na Rasha, amma a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1924, an canza shi zuwa ikon sabuwar yankin Arewacin Caucasus a cikin RSFSR..    

An sake masa suna Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (AO) a watan Yulin 1928. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1934, yankin mai cin gashin kansa ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Azov-Black Sea Krai, wanda aka cire daga Arewacin Caucasus Krai. An sanya Maykop cibiyar gudanarwa ta yankin mai cin gashin kansa a 1936. Adyghe AO ya zama wani ɓangare na Krasnodar Krai lokacin da aka kafa shi a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1937.  

A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1991, an ɗaga yankin zuwa matsayin jamhuriya a ƙarƙashin ikon Tarayyar Rasha.  Shugaban farko na jamhuriya shine Aslan Dzharimov, wanda aka zaba a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1992.  

Dangantaka tsakanin Adyghe da kabilun Rasha a Adygea a halin yanzu suna da kyau. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Rashawa sun kasance kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a a cikin Adygea. Shugaban Adygea na yanzu shine Murat Kumpilov . 

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Adygea tana cikin Gundumar Tarayyar Kudancin Rasha ta Gabashin Turai, a cikin tuddai na Arewa maso yammacin Caucasus a cikin Tsarin Dutsen Caucasus, tare da filayen a yankunan arewa da duwatsu a yankin kudu. dazuzzuka (musamman na bishiyar Turai, itacen oak, da maple) sun rufe kusan kashi 40% na yankinta.

 Area — .
 Borders — the Republic of Adygea is entirely surrounded by Krasnodar Krai.
 Highest point — Chugush Mountain: .

 Koguna 
Kogin Kuban mai tsawon kilomita 870 (540  yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna masu tafiya a yankin Caucasus. Ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar arewa tsakanin Jamhuriyar Adygea da Krasnodar Krai . Sauran koguna sun hada da:

 Kogin Belaya
 Kogin Chokhrak
 Kogin Dakh
 Kogin Fars
 Kogin Khodz
 Kogin Kisha
 Kogin Bolshaya Laba -  (wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar gabashin tsakanin Adygea da Krasnodar Krai)  
 Kogin Psekups
 Kogin Pshish
 Kogin Sakhray
 Kogin Sukhoy Kurdzhips - yana gudana kusa da wurin binciken archaeological a kogon Mezmaiskaya . 

Jamhuriyar ba ta da manyan tabkuna. Koyaya, tana da tafkuna da yawa: 

  , mafi girma a Arewacin Caucasus
 Ruwa na Oktyabrskoye 
 Ruwan Shapsug
 Ruwa na Tshchikskoye (Tshiks) 
 Shenji
 Yaren mutanen Caetuk
 Kayan kwalliya
 Ruwa na Maykop

 Duwatsu 
Manyan tsaunuka da tsaunuka na jamhuriya suna da tsawo daga mita 2,000-3,238 (6,562-10,623 , kuma sun haɗa da:

 Dutsen Chugush -    
 Dutsen Fisht -    
 Dutsen Oshten
 Dutsen Pseashkho
 Dutsen Shepsi

 Albarkatun halitta 
Jamhuriyar tana da wadataccen man fetur da iskar gas. Sauran albarkatun halitta sun hada da zinariya, azurfa, tungsten, da baƙin ƙarfe.

 Yanayi 

 Matsakaicin zafin Janairu: -0.5   
 Matsakaicin zafin Yuli:  ° C (73 ° F) 
 Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara:  in) 

Fabrairu 15, 2010, ya rubuta cikakkiyar matsakaicin watanni na hunturu - a babban birnin, birnin Maykop, zafin jiki ya kasance  ° C (74.1 ° F). 
Shugaban zartarwa na gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Adygea shine Shugaban (wanda ake kira "Shugaba" har zuwa Mayu 2011), wanda aka nada shi na tsawon shekaru biyar. Kwarewa a cikin Harshen Adyghe wajibi ne ga dan takarar.

Shugaban na yanzu, Murat Kumpilov (tun 27 ga Janairu, 2017), ya gaji Aslan Tkhakushinov, da farko a matsayin shugaban riko na yankin. Akwai kuma zaɓaɓɓen Majalisar Jiha kai tsaye (Khase ko Xase — kada a ruɗe da Adyghe Khase, ƙungiyar Adyghe wacce ta goyi bayan Sovmen a karo na biyu), wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar Wakilai da Majalisar Jamhuriyar. Dukkan majalisun biyu ana zaben su ne duk bayan shekara biyar kuma suna da mataimaka 27 kowacce.

Jamhuriyar ta aika da wakilai uku zuwa majalisar dokokin Tarayyar Rasha; daya zuwa Duma ta Jiha da sauran biyu zuwa Majalisar Tarayya.

An amince da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Adygea a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1995. 

 Rarrabawar gudanarwa 
Jamhuriyar Adygea ta kasu kashi bakwai (raions), birane / garuruwa biyu, da (a matakin gudanarwa) ƙauyuka biyar na birane. A cikin gari, an raba jamhuriya zuwa yankuna biyu na birane, ƙauyuka biyar na birane da ƙauyuka 46. 
SunanSunan yankinYankin inkm2Ƙididdigar Jama'a  2010Ƙididdigar Jama'a 1 Janairu 2018Birane (gundumomin birni na Jamhuriyar Republican) MaykopGundumar Birni ta Maykop58.6166,540165,279AdygeyskGundumar Adgeyos32.414,65915,207GundumomiGundumar GiaginskyGyaginsky M. R.790.031,76631,394Gundumar KoshekhablskyKoshhablskaya R.606.730,42229,726Gundumar KrasnogvardeyskyM. Red Guard R.725.530,86831,765Gundumar MaykopskyM. R.3,667.458,43960,107Gundumar TakhtamukayskyTashmuкай M. R.440.069,66282,909Gundumar TeuchezhskyTewchsky M. R.710.020,64320,802Gundumar ShovgenovskyShovgenovsk M. R.521.416,99716,187Jamhuriyar AdygeaJamhuriyar Adygea7,600.0439,996453,376

 Lura "m.r." a sama ita ce taƙaice don "gundumar gari" (Municipal District) 

 Yawan jama'a 

 Yawan jama'a: 496,934 (2021 Census); 439,996 (2010 Census); 447,109 (2002 Census); 422,588 (1989 Soviet census).

20192021Matsakaicin:Shekaru 73.8Shekaru 71.2Maza:Shekaru 69.1Shekaru 66.6Mata:Shekaru 78.4Shekaru 75.8

 Rayuwa mai tsawo: 

 Muhimman kididdiga 

 Tushen: Ofishin Kididdiga na Tarayyar Rasha An adana shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2008, a  

Matsakaicin yawan jama'aHaihuwar rayuwaMutuwaCanjin yanayiYawan haihuwa (a kowace shekara 1000) Yawan mace-mace (a kowace shekara 1000) Canjin halitta (a kowace 1000) Yawan haihuwa1970386,0005,6813,3072,37414.78.66.21975396,0005,9003,9071,99314.99.95.01980409,0006,6104,8281,78216.211.84.41985423,0006,9665,2831,68316.512.54.01990436,0006,1715,37579614.212.31.82.061991439,0005,9125,905713.513.50.01.961992444,0005,3065,969 - 66312.013.5 -1.51.731993447,0004,7746,662 -1 88810.714.9 -4.21.541994449,0004,9076,519 -1 61210.914.5 -3.61.591995450,0004,7986,475 -1 67710.714.4 -3.71.551996450,0004,6256,382 -1 75710.314.2 -3.91.491997450,0004,4306,302 -1 8729.814.0 -4.21.421998451,0004,3406,245 -1 9059.613.9 -4.21.381999450,0003,8796,215 -2 3368.613.8 -5.21.222000448,0004,0716,710 -2 6399.115.0 -5.91.272001447,0004,2126,566 -2 3549.414.7 -5.31.312002447,0004,5406,715 -2 17510.215.0 -4.91.392003446,0004,6346,929 -2 29510.415.6 -5.21.402004444,0004,6486,645 -1 99710.515.0 -4.51.372005443,0004,5506,726 -2 17610.315.2 -4.91.322006441,0004,6066,686 -2 08010.415.2 -4.71.332007440,0005,2106,454 -1 24411.814.7 -2.81.502008440,0005,6016,558 - 95712.714.9 -2.21.602009439,0005,5136,219 - 70612.514.2 -1.61.662010439,0005,7216,065 - 47613.014.1 -1.11.702011441,0005,5116,197 - 55412.513.8 -1.31.662012444,0005,7005,924 - 22412.913.4 -0.51.712013445,0005,5685,814 - 24612.513.1 -0.61.682014448,0005,6995,938 - 23912.713.3 -0.61.732015450,0005,6135,841 - 22812.513.0 -0.51.722016453,0005,4515,818 - 36712.112.9 -0.81.69 (e) 2017453,0004,7585,734 - 97610.512.7 -2.220194,1845,654 - 1,4709.112.3 -3.220204,4196,154 - 1,7359.513.3 -3.8

 Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci 
⁷Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2021,  'yan kabilar Rasha sun kai kashi 64.4% na yawan jama'ar jamhuriya, yayin da' yan kabilar Adyghe suka kai kashi 25.7%. Sauran kungiyoyi sun hada da Armeniyawa (3.3%), Kurdawa (1.2%), Mutanen Romani (0.7%) da Ukrainians (0.6%).
Ƙungiyar kabilanciƘididdigar 1926Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1939Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1959Ƙididdigar 1970Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1979Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1989Ƙididdigar 2002Ƙididdigar 2010Ƙididdigar 2021Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Adadin% Mutanen Rasha29,10225.6%171,96071.1%200,49270.4%276,53771.7%285,62670.6%293,64068.0%288,28064.5%270,71463.6%287,77864.4%Adyghe50,82144.8%55,04822.8%65,90823.2%81,47821.1%86,38821.4%95,43922.1%108,11524.2%109,69925.8%114,6882.7%2Armeniyawa7380.7%2,3481.0%3,0131.1%5,2171.4%6,3591.6%10,4602.4%15,2683.4%15,5613.7%14,8103.3%Kurdawa20.0%2620.1%3,6310.8%4,5281.1%5,2331.2%Romani1,1090.3%1,1340.3%1,8440.4%2,3640.6%2,9080.7%'Yan Ukraine26,40523.3%6,1302.5%7,9882.8%11,2142.9%12,0783.0%13,7553.2%9,0912.0%5,8561.4%2,8100.6%Sauran6,4155.7%6,3132.6%7,2892.6%11,1982.9%13,9393.4%18,7524.3%26,3555.9%14,0933.3%18,4034.1%

 Mutane 50,304 ne suka yi rajista daga bayanan gudanarwa, kuma ba za su iya bayyana kabilanci ba. An kiyasta cewa yawan kabilun da ke cikin wannan rukuni daidai yake da na rukuni da aka ayyana.
 Ciki har da 397 Kabardins da 16,133 Cherkess.

 Addinai 
A cewar wani bincike na 2012 wanda ya yi hira da mutane 56,900, 35.4% na mutanen Adygea suna bin Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 23.6% na Islama, 3% Kiristoci ne marasa alaka da kuma 1% masu bi na Orthodox Kirista. Bugu da kari, kashi 19.8% na al’ummar kasar sun bayyana cewa su “masu ruhi ne amma ba addini ba” kashi 8% basu yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 8.6% na bin wasu addinai ko kuma basu amsa tambayar ba.

 Ilimi 
Jami'ar Jihar Adyghe da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Maykop, duka biyu a babban birnin Maykop, sune manyan cibiyoyin ilimi guda biyu a Adygea.

 Tattalin Arziki 
Ko da yake yana daya daga cikin yankuna mafi talauci na Rasha, jamhuriya tana da gandun daji da ƙasa mai wadata. Yankin ya shahara ne don samar da hatsi, sunflowers, shayi, taba, da sauran kayan. Har ila yau, an haɓaka kiwon aladu da tumaki.

Abinci, katako, aikin katako, pulp da takarda, injiniya mai nauyi, da aikin ƙarfe sune masana'antun da suka fi bunkasa.

 Sufuri 
Akwai Maykop_Airport" id="mwBGc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maykop Airport">ƙaramin filin jirgin sama a Maykop (ICAO filin jirgin sama code URKM). Lines na dogo da yawa sun ratsa jamhuriya.

 Al'adu 
Harshen Adyghe (Адыгабзэ) memba ne na dangin yaren Arewa maso Yammacin Caucasus . Tare da Rasha, Adyghe shine harshen hukuma na jamhuriya.

Akwai gidajen tarihi na jihohi 8 da 23 a cikin jamhuriya. Gidan kayan gargajiya mafi girma shine Gidan Tarihi na Jamhuriyar Adygea a Maykop .  

 Shahararrun mutane 

 Anatoly Berezovoy (1942 - 2014), matukin jirgi / cosmonaut na Soviet.
 Aslan Dzharimov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1936), shugaban farko na Jamhuriyar Adygea .
 Anna Kareyeva (an haife ta a shekara ta 1977), 'yar wasan kwallon hannu.
 Mukharby Kirzhinov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), mai ɗaukar nauyi.
 Andrei Kobenko (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.
 Nikita Kucherov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1993), ɗan wasan hockey na kankara.
 Vladimir Nevzorov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), judoka.
 Hazret Sovmen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937), shugaban Jamhuriyar Adygea na biyu .
 Aslan Tkhakushinov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947), shugaban kasa na uku na Jamhuriyar Adygea .
 Aslan Tlebzu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1981), mawaƙin gargajiya na Adyghe.
 Konstantin Vasilyev (1942 - 1976), mai zane. 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba