Martha Griffiths

Martha Wright Griffiths (Janairu 29, 1912 - Afrilu 22, 2003) lauya ce kuma alkali ta Amurka kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a 1954. Griffiths ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Majalisar kan Hanyoyi da Ma'ana kuma mace ta farko da aka zaba zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Amurka daga Michigan a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat . Ta kasance "kayan aiki" ciki har da haramcin nuna bambancin jima'i a ƙarƙashin taken VII na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 .  A cikin 1982, Griffiths kuma ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa Laftanar gwamna a Michigan, kamar yadda Matilda Dodge Wilson aka nada mace ta farko laftanar gwamnan Michigan a 1939.

 Rayuwa da aiki 
An haifi Martha Edna Wright a Pierce City, Missouri . Ta halarci makarantun jama'a kuma ta ci gaba da kammala digiri tare da BA daga Jami'ar Missouri a 1934. Ta zaɓi ci gaba da karatunta ta hanyar karatun shari'a kuma ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Michigan Law School a 1940.  Ta auri Hicks George Griffiths (Yuli 9, 1940 - Maris 4, 1996), lauya kuma alkali na 19 na Michigan har zuwa 19.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a cikin sirri, sannan a sashin shari'a na American Automobile Insurance Co. a Detroit daga 1941 zuwa 1942 sannan a matsayin mai sasantawa na kwangilar gundumar Ordnance daga 1942 zuwa 1946. An zabe ta zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Michigan, tana aiki daga 1949 zuwa 1953 don gundumar Wayne County 1st. A cikin 1953, an nada ta a matsayin mai rikodi kuma alkali na Kotun Recorder a Detroit kuma ta zauna a matsayin alkali daga 1953 zuwa 1954,  mace ta farko da ta yi haka.

A cikin 1954, an zaɓi Griffiths a matsayin ɗan Democrat daga gundumomin majalisa na 17th na Michigan zuwa Majalisa ta 84 kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe shi zuwa majalissar tara masu zuwa, daga Janairu 3, 1955, zuwa Disamba 31, 1974, a cikin gidan Amurka .  Ta zauna a matsayin wakili a Babban Taron Dimokuradiyya a cikin 1956 da kuma a cikin 1968 . Ba ta kasance 'yar takarar neman sake tsayawa takara a majalisa ta 94 a 1974 ba. 

 Daidaita Hakkoki 
A lokacin da ta kasance a Majalisa, Griffiths ta dauki nauyin gyaran gyare-gyaren 'yancin daidaitawa, daya daga cikin 33 da aka gabatar da gyare-gyare don wucewa a Majalisa kuma a aika zuwa jihohi don amincewa, kuma daga cikin shida da ba a amince da su ba.

The Guardian ta bayyana ta a matsayin "mahaifiyar Kwaskwarimar Daidaituwar Haƙƙin", ta ƙara da cewa:Makaman da ta yi amfani da su a lokacin aikinta na majalisa na wa'adi 10 sun haɗa da ƙudirin da ba za a iya yankewa ba, da fahimtar lauyoyi game da kyawawan halaye, da harshe kamar ɓangarorin maƙeri. 

 Magana 
"Ban sani ba da gaske cewa ina da juriya sosai kamar yadda nake nuna rashin jin daɗi a gaskiyar cewa ba a yi wa mata adalci ba. Ina da irin wannan ra'ayi ga Baƙar fata, Latinos da Asiya. Idan mu Amurka ne, to ya kamata mu zama abin da muka ce muna. Ya kamata mu zama ƙasar 'yanci da jajircewa. Abin da mutane ke nema a wannan ƙasa shine adalci." "Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da nake samu daga mahaifina, na yi wa mahaifina, mahaifina yana tunanin cewa 'yan mata sun fi maza wayo, wanda ba a saba gani a zamanina ba." 

 Bayan Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna 
Bayan hidimar majalissar ta, Griffiths ta koma aikin doka sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamna na 59th na Michigan daga 1983 zuwa 1991 akan tikitin Gwamna James Blanchard . An shigar da ita a cikin Gidan Mata na Michigan na Fame a 1983 da kuma Gidan Gidan Mata na Kasa shekaru goma bayan haka a 1993. Ta yi ritaya zuwa gidanta a Armada, Michigan, inda ta zauna har mutuwarta a 2003 a shekara 91. 

Martha Griffiths memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'ar Amirka . AAUW na Michigan ta ba da suna "Martha Griffiths Equity Award" don girmama ta. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 2003
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba