Arch na halitta, tuddai na Tirumala

Natural Arch, tsaunuka na Tirumala, sanannen Tarihin Tarihi na Kasa,    alama ce ta musamman ta ƙasa 1   arewacin haikalin tsaunuka ta Tirumala, kusa da Chakra Teertham a Gundumar Tirupati a jihar Andhra Pradesh, Indiya. Har ila yau, ana kiran bakan din ''sila'' a cikin yaren yankin (harshe na Telugu: sila na nufin 'dutse' kuma Thoranam na nufin garland da aka ɗora a kan ƙofar, yana haɗa ginshiƙai biyu na tsaye ko 'bakin' kamar a wannan yanayin). Gidan yana da tsawo 8   a faɗin da 3  ft) a tsawo, kuma an kafa shi ne a cikin Quartzites na Cuddapah Supergroup na Tsakiya zuwa Upper Proterozoic (1600 zuwa 570 Ma) saboda ƙarfin lalata na halitta.

 Labari 
Tarihin da ya shafi bakan, wanda ke da alaƙa da sanannen Haikali tsaunuka na Tirumala na Ubangiji Venkateswara, yana da nau'o'i uku.

A cewar wani juyi, bakan yana kama da murfin maciji, conch (Sanskrit: Shank) da discus (Sanskrit: chakra) - duk alamomin ibada a Addinin Hindu - kuma an dauke shi tushen Gunkin Ubangiji Venkateswara ko Ubangiji Balaji a haikalin tsaunin Tirumala. 

Sashe na biyu shi ne cewa babban allahn a cikin haikalin Tirumala yana da tsayi iri ɗaya da tsayin bakan.

Sashe na uku shi ne cewa Ubangiji Vishnu, wanda aka fi sani da Balaji ko Venkateswara (babban allahn al'adar Srivaishnava) a garin haikalin Tirumala, ya kamata ya sanya ƙafarsa ta farko a wani wuri da ake kira Padalu ko Sreevaripadalu (__ssw____ssw____sw____ssy____ssw__ Telugu: Ƙafarsa ta Allah) wanda shine mafi girma a tsaunukan Tirumala, mataki na biyu a wurin arch. Bayan haka, an bayyana cewa an sanya mataki na gaba inda ake bauta wa gunkinsa a yanzu a cikin haikalin a Tirumala . 

 Tarihi 
A cikin shekarun 1980s, yayin tonowa don kuskuren yanayin ƙasa a cikin tsaunukan Tirumala, masu ilimin ƙasa sun sami wannan ƙirar ƙirar ƙwayoyin ƙasa na dutse wanda ke da nau'ikan duwatsu guda biyu tare da haɗin haɗin kai. Shekarar da aka tantance na yanayin ƙasa na dutsen yana da shekaru miliyan 2.5. Samun bakan an danganta shi da karuwar yanayi da rushewar aikin rafi wanda ya tsayayya da jujjuyawar yanayi. Wannan kuskuren ilimin ƙasa ne wanda ake kira da fasaha a cikin ilimin ƙasa a matsayin 'Eparchaean Unconformity'. A wannan wuri, iyakar tana tsakanin duwatsu masu laushi na Cudappah Supergroup, shekaru miliyan 1600, da duwatsun Archaean waɗanda suka ƙunshi granites, gneisses da dolerite dykes waɗanda suka fi shekaru miliyan 2100. Wannan rashin daidaituwa yana ba da alamar babbar rata ta lokaci a cikin halittar ɓawon burodi na Duniya.

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Halin yanayin ƙasa na halitta yana da yankuna biyu daban-daban - kudu maso yammacin tsaunuka da arewa maso gabashin tsaunuka. Duwatsun Tirupati, a ƙarƙashin tsaunuka masu kyau, an san su da sunaye da yawa kamar 'Seshachala', 'Venkatachala' da 'Balaji'. Tsarin ilimin ƙasa an rarraba shi a ƙarƙashin kawuna huɗu wato, (1) Archeans (gneisses), (2) rashin daidaituwa na Eparchean (Quartzose sandstones Overlying the granite with a distant unconformity), (3) Puranas (kafa ƙungiyar Cuddapah da kyau a cikin kwarin) da (4) Quaternary deposits. Duwatsun Tirumala da gaske na zamanin Precambrian sun hada da duwatsu masu laushi - Quartzites da shales masu tsinkaye, waɗanda aka ba su geological, stratigraphical nomenclature na Nagari quartzites.

Dutsen tsaunuka na Tirumala ya tashi zuwa tsawo na  m (3,000  (a Tirumala) daga matsakaicin tsawo na    a cikin filayen a Tirupati. Tsawon tsaunuka masu tsawo yana nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin yanayin ƙasa, tsarin da siffofin denudational, wanda shine rashin daidaituwa na Eparchian.

Kaurin da ke cikin kwandon Cudappa yana da nau'in kilomita  (7.5  tare da jerin tsaunuka masu fitattun Ruwa a cikin nau'ikan sills da dykes. An lura da sanannen rashin daidaituwa na EpArchaean na tsari wanda ya kwanta a kan Archaean peninsular gneissic complex. Duwatsu na Cuddapah Supergroup ciki har da Kurnool Group sune shahararrun fasalin kwandon.

Musamman, asalin bakan yana da alaƙa da makarantu biyu na tunani wato, a) yana iya zama tasirin aikin guguwa daga ƙetarewar teku ko ƙayyadaddun yanayin yanayi da lalata da b) ana iya sassaƙa shi ta halitta daga quartzite.

 Bayanan baƙo 
Lokaci mafi kyau don ziyartar bakan yana tsakanin 6 AM da 8 AM, idan hazo ya ba da izini. Akwai lambun da aka kiyaye da kyau a gaban bakan idan baƙi suna so su huta ko su jira har sai hazo ya tashi. rana kuma lokaci ne mai kyau don ziyartar, yayin da bakan ya fi ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a cikin hasken faɗuwar rana. An ga shi a cikin hasken wata cikakke an ce bakan yana da "kyakkyawan duniya".

 Samun dama 
Wurin da aka yi amfani da shi yana da alaƙa da hanya, jirgin ƙasa da hanyoyin iska. Jirgin kasa mafi kusa da tsaunukan Tirumala shine Tirupati . Daga tashar jirgin kasa ta Tirupati kusanci zuwa haikalin Tirumal ne kawai ta hanyar hanya, nisan kilomita  (11.8 .  Filin jirgin saman da ya fi kusa yana Renigunta, kimanin kilomita  (9.3  daga Tirupati, wanda ke haɗawa da filayen jirgin saman Chennai, Hyderabad da Bangalore. Ayyukan bas na yau da kullun (duka masu zaman kansu da na Gwamnati suna aiki) duk jihohin da ke kan iyaka da Andhra Pradesh ne ke gudanar da su. Hanyar kusanci daga haikalin tana da faɗi kuma hanya ce ta bishiyoyi. Ana ba da izinin motoci masu zaman kansu zuwa wurin. Tafiya ta minti 20 daga haikalin Varahaswamy a Tirumala (duba taswirar da aka zana) zai zama kwarewa mai daɗi.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba