Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da canjin yanayi

Canjin yanayi yana shafar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a hanyoyi da yawa: karuwar Ruwan sama da saurin iska, karuwar yawan guguwa mai tsananin da tsawo zuwa tashar inda guguwa suka kai matsakaicin ƙarfi suna daga cikin sakamakon canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar. Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi suna amfani da iska mai dumi, mai laushi a matsayin tushen makamashi ko man fetur. Kamar yadda canjin yanayi ke dumama yanayin teku, akwai yiwuwar karin wannan man fetur.

Tsakanin 1979 da , an sami karuwar duniya a cikin rabo na guguwa na wurare masu zafi na Category 3 da mafi girma a kan sikelin Saffir-Simpson. Halin ya fi bayyana a arewacin Tekun Indiya,   Arewacin Atlantic da Kudancin Tekun Indiya. A arewacin Tekun Indiya, musamman Tekun Larabawa, mitar, tsawon lokaci, da tsananin guguwa sun karu sosai. An sami karuwar kashi 52% a cikin yawan guguwa a cikin Tekun Larabawa, yayin da yawan guguwar guguwa mai tsanani ya karu da kashi 150%, a lokacin 1982-2019. A halin yanzu, jimlar lokacin guguwa a cikin Tekun Larabawa ya karu da kashi 80% yayin da na guguwa mai tsanani ya karu da 260%. A Arewacin Pacific, guguwa masu zafi suna motsawa zuwa cikin ruwa mai sanyi kuma babu karuwa a cikin ƙarfi a wannan lokacin. Tare da 2 ° C (3.6 ° F) warming, mafi girma kashi (+13%) na tropical cyclones ana sa ran kai Category 4 da 5 strength.Knutson, Thomas; Camargo, Suzana J.; Chan, Johnny C. L.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Kossin, James; Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay; Satoh, Masaki; Sugi, Masato; Walsh, Kevin; Wu, Liguang (August 6, 2019). "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II. Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101 (3): BAMS–D–18–0194.1. Bibcode:2020BAMS..101E.303K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1. hdl:1721.1/124705. Binciken 2019 ya nuna cewa canjin yanayi yana haifar da yanayin da aka lura na saurin karuwa na guguwa mai zafi a cikin kwarin Atlantic. Guguwa mai saurin karuwa yana da wuyar yin hasashen sabili da haka yana haifar da ƙarin haɗari ga al'ummomin bakin teku.

Iska mai zafi na iya riƙe ƙarin tururi na ruwa: mafi girman abun ciki na tururi na ruwan ya ba da alaƙar Clausius-Clapeyron, wanda ke samar da ≈7% karuwa a cikin tururi na iska a cikin yanayi ta  ° C (1.8 ° F) warming. Dukkanin samfuran da aka kimanta a cikin takardar bita ta 2019 sun nuna karuwar yawan ruwan sama a nan gaba.Knutson, Thomas; Camargo, Suzana J.; Chan, Johnny C. L.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Kossin, James; Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay; Satoh, Masaki; Sugi, Masato; Walsh, Kevin; Wu, Liguang (August 6, 2019). "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II. Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101 (3): BAMS–D–18–0194.1. Bibcode:2020BAMS..101E.303K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1. hdl:1721.1/124705. Ƙarin hauhawar matakin teku zai kara matakan guguwa.   Yana da kyau cewa raƙuman iska masu tsananin gaske suna ganin karuwa sakamakon canje-canje a cikin guguwa na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke kara kara haɗarin guguwa ga al'ummomin bakin teku. Sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa, guguwar guguwa, da ambaliyar ƙasa (koguna) ana sa ran za su karu saboda dumamar duniya.

A halin yanzu babu wata yarjejeniya game da yadda canjin yanayi zai shafi yawan guguwa na wurare masu zafi.Knutson, Thomas; Camargo, Suzana J.; Chan, Johnny C. L.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Kossin, James; Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay; Satoh, Masaki; Sugi, Masato; Walsh, Kevin; Wu, Liguang (August 6, 2019). "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II. Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101 (3): BAMS–D–18–0194.1. Bibcode:2020BAMS..101E.303K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1. hdl:1721.1/124705. Yawancin samfuran yanayi suna nuna raguwar mitar a cikin tsinkaye na gaba.Walsh, K. J. E.; Camargo, S. J.; Knutson, T. R.; Kossin, J.; Lee, T. -C.; Murakami, H.; Patricola, C. (December 1, 2019). "Tropical cyclones and climate change". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 8 (4): 240–250. Bibcode:2019TCRR....8..240W. doi:10.1016/j.tcrr.2020.01.004. hdl:11343/192963. Misali, takarda ta 2020 da ke kwatanta samfuran yanayi guda tara da suka sami raguwa mai ƙarfi a cikin mitar a Kudancin Tekun Indiya da Kudancin Hemisphere gabaɗaya, yayin da suke samun sakonni masu haɗuwa don guguwar zafi ta Arewacin Hemispher. Bincike ya nuna kadan canji a cikin yawan guguwa na wurare masu zafi a duk duniya,  tare da karuwar mitar a Arewacin Atlantic da tsakiyar Pacific, da raguwa mai mahimmanci a kudancin Tekun Indiya da yammacin Arewacin Pacific.  An sami fadadawa zuwa pole zuwa latitude inda matsakaicin ƙarfin guguwa na wurare masu zafi ke faruwa, wanda zai iya haɗawa da canjin yanayi. A Arewacin Pacific, akwai yiwuwar fadada gabas.Collins, M.; Sutherland, M.; Bouwer, L.; Cheong, S.-M.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 6: Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. p. 603. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2020. Tsakanin 1949 da 2016, an sami raguwa a cikin saurin fassarar guguwa na wurare masu zafi. Har yanzu ba a san yadda za a iya danganta wannan ga canjin yanayi ba: ba duk samfuran yanayi suna nuna wannan fasalin ba.

 Tarihi 
Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi tsarin guguwa ne mai saurin juyawa wanda ke da cibiyar matsin lamba, ƙarancin yanayi mai ƙarancin matakin, iskõki masu ƙarfi da tsari mai juzu'i na tsawa wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ko guguwa. Yawancin waɗannan tsarin suna samuwa a kowace shekara a ɗaya daga cikin wuraren guguwa na wurare masu zafi guda bakwai, waɗanda ke sa ido ta hanyar ayyuka daban-daban na yanayi da cibiyoyin gargadi.

Abubuwan da ke ƙayyade aikin Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi an fahimci su sosai: matakan teku masu zafi suna da kyau ga guguwa masu zafi, da kuma rashin daidaituwa da danshi a tsakiyar wurare masu zafi, yayin da iska mai tsayi ke hana su. Duk waɗannan abubuwan za su canza a ƙarƙashin canjin yanayi, amma ba koyaushe a bayyane yake wane abu ne ya mamaye.

An san guguwa na wurare masu zafi a matsayin guguwa a cikin Tekun Atlantika da arewa maso gabashin Tekun Pacific, guguwa da ke arewa maso yammacin Tekun Pacific. Ainihin, dukansu iri ɗaya ne na guguwa.

 Bayanai da samfuran 

 Aunawa 
alt=|thumb|Abubuwan da ke cikin zafi na duniya a saman 700 m na teku
Dangane da hotunan tauraron dan adam, dabarar Dvorak ita ce babbar hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don kimanta ƙarfin guguwa na wurare masu zafi a duniya.

Za'a iya lissafin ƙarfin ƙarfin (PI) na guguwa na wurare masu zafi daga bayanan da aka lura, da farko an samo su ne daga bayanan da ke tsaye na zafin jiki, danshi da yanayin zafi na teku (SSTs). An lissafa ƙarfin ƙarfin da ake samu (CAPE), daga tashoshin rediyo a wasu sassan wurare masu zafi daga 1958 zuwa 1997, amma ana ɗaukarsa mara inganci. The Power Dissipation Index (PDI) yana wakiltar jimlar ikon da aka ɓace don Arewacin Atlantic da yammacin Arewacin Pacific, kuma yana da alaƙa sosai da SSTs na wurare masu zafi. Akwai sikelin guguwa daban-daban na wurare masu zafi don rarraba tsarin.

 Tarihin tarihi 
Tun zamanin tauraron dan adam, wanda ya fara a kusa da 1970, ana ɗaukar yanayin ya zama mai ƙarfi sosai dangane da haɗin guguwa da yanayin zafi na teku. Yarjejeniyar ta wanzu cewa akwai lokutan guguwa masu aiki a cikin nesa da suka gabata, amma yanayin zafi na teku da ke da alaƙa da Power Dissipation Index bai kasance mai girma ba."3.8.3 Evidence for Changes in Tropical Storms". Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis. IPCC. 2007. Archived from the original on 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2021-12-10. Paleotempestology shine kimiyya na ayyukan guguwa na wurare masu zafi da suka gabata ta hanyar wakilcin geological (ambaliyar ruwa), ko tarihin tarihi, kamar su jirgin ruwa ko anomalies na zoben itace. Ya zuwa 2019, binciken paleoclimate bai isa ya sami daidaituwa ba don yanke shawara ga yankuna masu faɗi, amma suna ba da wasu bayanai masu amfani game da takamaiman wurare.

 Misali na guguwa mai zafi 
Ana amfani da samfuran yanayi don nazarin canje-canjen da ake tsammani a nan gaba a cikin aikin guguwa. Misalai na yanayi yanayi na ƙarancin ƙuduri ba zai iya wakiltar convection kai tsaye ba, kuma a maimakon haka amfani da parametrizations don kimanta ƙananan matakai. Wannan yana haifar da matsaloli ga guguwa na wurare masu zafi, kamar yadda convection wani muhimmin bangare ne na kimiyyar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi.

Misalai na duniya mafi girma da kuma tsarin yanayi na yanki na iya zama mafi ƙarancin kwamfuta don gudana, yana mai da wuya a kwaikwayon isasshen guguwa na wurare masu zafi don ingantaccen bincike na kididdiga. Koyaya, tare da ci gaba mai girma a cikin fasaha, samfuran yanayi sun inganta ƙwarewar kwaikwayon don yawan guguwa na wurare masu zafi da ƙarfi.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen da masana kimiyya ke fuskanta yayin ƙira shine ƙayyade ko canje-canjen da aka yi kwanan nan a cikin guguwa na wurare masu zafi suna da alaƙa da tilasta wa mutum, ko kuma idan waɗannan canje-cancen har yanzu suna cikin bambancin halitta. Wannan ya fi bayyane yayin nazarin guguwa na wurare masu zafi a cikin ƙuduri na lokaci mai tsawo. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya sami raguwar yanayin guguwa a cikin gabar gabashin Australiya a kan tarihin tarihi na tsawon ƙarni.

 Canje-canje a cikin guguwa na wurare masu zafi 
Canjin yanayi na iya shafar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta hanyoyi da yawa: karuwar ruwan sama da saurin iska, raguwa a cikin mitar gaba ɗaya, karuwa a cikin mitarar guguwa mai tsanani da tsawo zuwa tashar inda guguwa suka kai matsakaicin ƙarfi suna daga cikin yiwuwar sakamakon canjin yanayi na mutum.

 Ruwan sama 
Iska mai zafi na iya riƙe ƙarin tururi na ruwa: mafi girman abun ciki na tururi na ruwan an ba shi ta hanyar Dangantakar Clausius-Clapeyron, wanda ke samar da ≈7% karuwa a cikin tururi na iska a cikin yanayi ta hanyar 1 ° C warming.Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Zhao, Ming; Tuleya, Robert E.; Bender, Morris; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Villarini, Gabriele; Chavas, Daniel (15 September 2015). "Global Projections of Intense Tropical Cyclone Activity for the Late Twenty-First Century from Dynamical Downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 Scenarios". Journal of Climate. 28 (18): 7203–7224. Bibcode:2015JCli...28.7203K. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1. S2CID 129209836. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2019.Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Garner, Stephen; Zhao, Ming; Kim, Hyeong-Seog; Bender, Morris; Tuleya, Robert E.; Held, Isaac M.; Villarini, Gabriele (1 September 2013). "Dynamical Downscaling Projections of Twenty-First-Century Atlantic Hurricane Activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Model-Based Scenarios". Journal of Climate. 26 (17): 6591–6617. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.6591K. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00539.1. S2CID 129571840. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022. Dukkanin samfuran da aka tantance a cikin takardar bita ta 2019 sun nuna karuwar yawan ruwan sama a nan gaba, wanda shine ruwan sama da ke fadowa kowace awa.Knutson, Thomas; Camargo, Suzana J.; Chan, Johnny C. L.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Kossin, James; Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay; Satoh, Masaki; Sugi, Masato; Walsh, Kevin; Wu, Liguang (March 2020). "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101 (3): E303 – E322. Bibcode:2020BAMS..101E.303K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1. hdl:1721.1/124705. Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya ta bayyana a cikin 2017 cewa yawan ruwan sama daga Guguwar Harvey mai yiwuwa ya karu da canjin yanayi.   

Yankin ruwan sama na guguwa na wurare masu zafi (ba kamar ƙimar ba) ana sarrafa shi da farko ta yanayin zafin teku na muhalli (SST) - dangane da matsakaicin SST na wurare masu wurare masu zafi, wanda ake kira yanayin zafin jiki na teku. Ruwan sama zai fadada waje yayin da dangi SST ke ƙaruwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da fadada filin iska na guguwa. Ana lura da guguwa mafi girma a yammacin Arewacin Pacific, inda manyan dabi'u na dangi SST da kuma tsakiyar yanayin zafi na dangi suke. Da yake zaton cewa yanayin zafi na teku yana tashi daidai, yanayin zafi ba zai iya tasiri ga yankin ruwan sama ba.

 Ƙarfin 

Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi suna amfani da iska mai dumi, mai laushi a matsayin tushen makamashi ko "mai". Kamar yadda canjin yanayi ke dumama yanayin teku, akwai yiwuwar samun ƙarin wannan man fetur. Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 2012 ya nuna cewa SSTs na iya zama mai mahimmanci a matsayin wakili don auna ƙarfin ƙarfin (PI) na guguwa na wurare masu zafi, kamar yadda guguwa ke da hankali ga yanayin zafi na teku. Tsakanin 1979 da 2017, an sami karuwar duniya a cikin rabo na guguwa na wurare masu zafi na Category 3 da mafi girma a kan sikelin Saffir-Simpson, wanda shine guguwa tare da saurin iska sama da    a kowace awa. Halin ya fi bayyana a Arewacin Atlantic da Kudancin Tekun Indiya. A Arewacin Pacific, guguwa masu zafi suna motsawa zuwa cikin ruwa mai sanyi kuma babu karuwa a cikin ƙarfi a wannan lokacin. Tare da 2 °C warming, mafi girma kashi (+13%) na tropical cyclones ana sa ran kai Category 4 da 5 strength.Knutson, Thomas; Camargo, Suzana J.; Chan, Johnny C. L.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Kossin, James; Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay; Satoh, Masaki; Sugi, Masato; Walsh, Kevin; Wu, Liguang (March 2020). "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101 (3): E303 – E322. Bibcode:2020BAMS..101E.303K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1. hdl:1721.1/124705. Binciken guguwa na 2020 na akalla ƙarfin guguwa mai zafi ya kammala cewa canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar ya karu da yawan ruwan sama mai sa'o'i 3 da kashi 10%, kuma ruwan sama mai yawa na kwanaki 3 ya kai kashi 5%, kuma ga guguwar guguwa yawan sun karu zuwa 11% da 8%. 

Canjin yanayi mai yiwuwa yana motsa yanayin da aka lura na saurin karuwa na guguwa na wurare masu zafi a cikin kwarin Atlantic, tare da rabo na guguwar da ke fuskantar karuwa kusan ninki biyu a cikin shekarun 1982 zuwa 2009. Guguwa mai saurin karuwa yana da wuyar yin hasashen kuma yana haifar da ƙarin haɗari ga al'ummomin bakin teku. Har ila yau, guguwa sun fara lalacewa a hankali da zarar sun sauka, suna barazana ga yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa fiye da baya. Lokacin guguwar guguwar Atlantic ta 2020 ya kasance mai aiki sosai kuma ya karya rikodin da yawa don mitar da tsananin guguwa.

 Matsakaicin lokaci 
Babu wata yarjejeniya game da yadda canjin yanayi zai shafi yawan guguwa na wurare masu zafi.Knutson, Thomas; Camargo, Suzana J.; Chan, Johnny C. L.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ho, Chang-Hoi; Kossin, James; Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay; Satoh, Masaki; Sugi, Masato; Walsh, Kevin; Wu, Liguang (March 2020). "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101 (3): E303 – E322. Bibcode:2020BAMS..101E.303K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1. hdl:1721.1/124705. Yawancin samfuran yanayi suna nuna raguwar mitar a cikin tsinkaye na gaba.Walsh, K. J. E.; Camargo, S. J.; Knutson, T. R.; Kossin, J.; Lee, T. -C.; Murakami, H.; Patricola, C. (2019-12-01). "Tropical cyclones and climate change". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 8 (4): 240–250. Bibcode:2019TCRR....8..240W. doi:10.1016/j.tcrr.2020.01.004. hdl:11343/192963. Misali, takarda ta 2020 da ke kwatanta samfuran yanayi guda tara da suka sami raguwa mai ƙarfi a cikin mitar a Kudancin Tekun Indiya da Kudancin Hemisphere gabaɗaya, yayin da suke samun sakonni masu haɗuwa don guguwar zafi ta Arewacin Hemispher. Bincike ya nuna kadan canji a cikin yawan guguwa na wurare masu zafi a duk duniya.

Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 2015 ya kammala cewa za a sami karin guguwa na wurare masu zafi a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, kuma cewa asalin guguwa mai zafi yana yiwuwa tare da yanayin zafi na teku a ƙasa da  ° C (79 ° F). Tare da yanayin zafi na teku, musamman a Kudancin Hemisphere, tare da karuwar matakan carbon dioxide, mai yiwuwa za a rage yawan guguwa na wurare masu zafi a nan gaba.Sugi, Masato; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Yoshimura, Jun (2012). "On the Mechanism of Tropical Cyclone Frequency Changes Due to Global Warming". Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Series II. 90A: 397–408. Bibcode:2012JMeSJ..90A.397S. doi:10.2151/jmsj.2012-a24.

Binciken da Murakami et al. suka gudanar biyo bayan lokacin guguwa na 2015 a gabashin da tsakiyar Tekun Pacific inda yawan guguwa masu zafi da guguwa guda uku a lokaci guda suka faru, sun kammala cewa tilasta iskar gas tana inganta yanayin zafi na Pacific wanda suke tsarawa zai kara yawan guguwar zafi mai zafi a wannan yanki.

 Hanyoyin guguwa 
An sami fadadawa zuwa pole zuwa latitude inda matsakaicin ƙarfin guguwa na wurare masu zafi ke faruwa, wanda zai iya haɗawa da canjin yanayi.James P. Kossin; Kerry A. Emanuel; Gabriel A. Vecchi (2014). "The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity" (PDF). Nature. 509 (7500): 349–352. Bibcode:2014Natur.509..349K. doi:10.1038/nature13278. hdl:1721.1/91576. PMID 24828193. S2CID 4463311. Archived (PDF) from the original on Oct 6, 2022. A Arewacin Pacific, akwai kuma fadada gabas. Tsakanin 1949 da 2016, an sami raguwa a cikin saurin fassarar guguwa na wurare masu zafi. Har yanzu ba a san yadda za a iya danganta wannan ga canjin yanayi ba: ba duk samfuran yanayi suna nuna wannan fasalin ba.Walsh, K. J. E.; Camargo, S. J.; Knutson, T. R.; Kossin, J.; Lee, T. -C.; Murakami, H.; Patricola, C. (2019-12-01). "Tropical cyclones and climate change". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 8 (4): 240–250. Bibcode:2019TCRR....8..240W. doi:10.1016/j.tcrr.2020.01.004. hdl:11343/192963.

 Hadarin guguwa da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa 
Ƙarin hauhawar matakin teku zai kara matakan guguwa.Collins, M.; Sutherland, M.; Bouwer, L.; Cheong, S.-M.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 6: Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, 2019. p. 603. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2020-08-31. Yana da kyau cewa raƙuman iska masu tsananin gaske suna ganin karuwa sakamakon canje-canje a cikin guguwa na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke kara kara haɗarin guguwa ga al'ummomin bakin teku.Walsh, K. J. E.; Camargo, S. J.; Knutson, T. R.; Kossin, J.; Lee, T. -C.; Murakami, H.; Patricola, C. (2019-12-01). "Tropical cyclones and climate change". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 8 (4): 240–250. Bibcode:2019TCRR....8..240W. doi:10.1016/j.tcrr.2020.01.004. hdl:11343/192963. Tsakanin 1923 da 2008, abubuwan da suka faru na guguwa a bakin tekun Atlantika na Amurka sun nuna kyakkyawan yanayi. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2017 ya kalli tasirin ambaliyar ruwa, guguwar guguwa, da ambaliyar ƙasa (koguna), da kuma ayyukan karuwa saboda canjin yanayi. Koyaya, masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su da tabbas ko karuwar guguwa ta baya-bayan nan martani ne ga canjin yanayi na ɗan adam.

 Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a cikin kwari daban-daban 

 Guguwa 
Binciken da ya danganci rubuce-rubuce daga Japan da Hawaii ya nuna cewa guguwa a arewa maso yammacin Pacific ya kara karfi da 12-15% a matsakaici tun 1977. Guguwa mafi karfi da aka lura ya ninka sau biyu, ko sau uku a wasu yankuna, tsananin wasu tsarin faɗuwa ya fi bayyana. Wannan hauhawar guguwa tana shafar yawan mutanen bakin teku a China, Japan, Koriya da Philippines, kuma an danganta shi da dumama ruwan teku. Marubutan sun lura cewa har yanzu ba a bayyana yadda zafin duniya ya haifar da karuwar yanayin zafi na ruwa ba, amma abubuwan lura sun dace da abin da IPCC ke tsarawa don dumama yanayin zafi na teku. Jirgin iska na tsaye ya ga raguwar yanayin a ciki da kewayen kasar Sin, yana haifar da yanayi mafi kyau ga guguwa mai tsanani. Wannan yafi mayar da martani ga raunana na ruwan sama na lokacin rani na Gabashin Asiya, sakamakon dumamar duniya.

 Kafofin watsa labarai da ra'ayi na jama'a 
Halakar da aka yi daga farkon karni na 21 na guguwar Tekun Atlantika, irin su guguwar Katrina, Wilma, da Sandy, sun haifar da karuwar sha'awar batun Canjin yanayi da guguwa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da jama'a da yawa, da kuma damuwa cewa canjin yanayi na duniya na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waɗannan abubuwan. A cikin 2005 da 2017, binciken da ya shafi yawan mutanen da guguwa ta shafa ya kammala a cikin 2005 cewa kashi 39 cikin 100 na Amurkawa sun yi imanin cewa canjin yanayi ya taimaka wajen bunkasa tsananin guguwa, ya tashi zuwa kashi 55 cikin 100 a watan Satumbar 2017.

Bayan Typhoon Meranti a cikin 2016, ba a auna fahimtar haɗari a China don ƙaruwa ba. Koyaya, akwai karuwar tallafi ga ayyukan mutum da na al'umma game da canjin yanayi. A Taiwan, mutanen da suka rayu a cikin guguwa ba su nuna damuwa game da canjin yanayi ba. Binciken ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin damuwa game da guguwa da damuwa game da canjin yanayi.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba