Guguwar Geralda

Guguwar Tropical mai tsanani Geralda guguwa ce mai karfi wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa a Madagascar a ƙarshen Janairu 1994, daga cikin mafi karfi da ya buga kasar. Har ila yau, ita ce guguwa mafi tsanani a duk duniya a cikin 1994. Guguwar Geralda ta samo asali ne daga wani yanki na matsin lamba a kan Tekun Indiya a ranar 25 ga Janairu. A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa, bakin ciki ya sami karuwa a hankali, ya kai ƙarfinsa tare da iska mai ƙarfi na minti goma na  km / h (127  a ranar 31 ga Janairu. Daga ƙarshe ya sauka a kusa da Toamasina, Madagascar bayan ya raunana daga ƙarfinsa, kuma ya raunana sosai cikin sa'o'i bayan ya motsa a bakin teku. A ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, Geralda ta lalace cikin ƙasa, kuma ta zama extratropical kwana uku bayan haka. Ragowar Geralda ta ɓace a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu.

Geralda ita ce guguwa ta biyu a cikin watanni da yawa da ta kai gabas ta Madagascar, bayan Daisy a watan Janairu. Geralda ta samar da iskar iska mai karfi kamar  km / h (220 , wanda shine mafi girma a duk duniya na shekaru da yawa. Har ila yau, guguwar ta zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, musamman a kwari. Kimanin kashi 80% na birnin Toamasina ya lalace, gami da yawancin makarantu, gidaje, da majami'u. Guguwar ta lalata hanyoyi da layin dogo, wanda daga baya ya rushe kokarin agaji. A babban birnin Antananarivo, Geralda ta kashe mutane 43 bayan ambaliyar gidaje da yawa. Gabaɗaya, fiye da gidaje 40,000 sun lalace, sun bar mutane 356,000 ba tare da gida ba. A duk faɗin ƙasar, guguwar ta kashe mutane 231 kuma ta haifar da lalacewa sama da dala miliyan 10 (1994 USD). [nb 1] Ayyukan agaji a bayan guguwar sun sami cikas saboda rashin daidaituwa, kuma an tura sojojin Madagascar don taimakawa wadanda guguwar ta shafa. An riga an sanya hannun jari kaɗan, wanda ya sa Farashin abinci ya tashi sosai. Kasashe da sassan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da yawa sun ba da gudummawar kuɗi ko kayan aiki ga ƙasar.      

 Tarihin yanayi 
A ƙarshen watan Janairun 1994, yankin Kudancin Tekun Indiya Intertropical ya samar da yaduwar convection daga gabashin Afirka zuwa Indonesia. A ƙarshen ranar 25 ga Janairu, Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadari (JTWC) [nb 2] ta fara saka idanu kan wani yanki mai matsin lamba game da rabi tsakanin Madagascar da Indonesia, daga baya ta ba shi sunan 13S. Kashegari, Météo-France a kan Réunion (MFR) ya rarraba Taron a matsayin rikici na wurare masu zafi. [nb 3]  A wannan lokacin, tsarin ya haɓaka wani yanki mai tsari na convection tare da ruwan sama mai laushi kuma yana ƙarfafawa da sauri; a farkon ranar 28 ga Janairu, ya haɓaka tsakiya mai zurfi. A mayar da martani, MFR ta inganta tsarin zuwa guguwa mai matsakaici kuma ta kira shi Geralda. A wannan lokacin, guguwar tana motsawa gabaɗaya zuwa yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma saboda tudun da ke daga Madagascar zuwa Tsibirin Mascarene. Babban yanayin zafi na ruwa ya kara ci gaba, da farko a cikin guguwa mai zafi a ƙarshen 28 ga Janairu sannan a cikin gwagwarmayar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi 24 hours bayan haka. A lokacin, JTWC ta inganta Geralda zuwa daidai da guguwa mafi ƙanƙanta. 

Ci gaba da gabaɗaya zuwa yamma- kudu maso yamma, Geralda ta kara tsanantawa, kuma MFR ta inganta shi zuwa matsayi mai tsanani na guguwa a ranar 30 ga Janairu. Guguwar ta samar da ido mai kyau  km (22  a diamita kuma ta girma zuwa girman    a Diamita.Guy Le Goff (1994). "1993-1994 Cyclone Season in the South-West Indian Ocean". Météo-France. p. 42. Retrieved 5 May 2013. A 0600 UTC a ranar 31 ga Janairu, JTWC ta kiyasta iyakar iska ta minti 1 na 270 km / h (165 , daidai da guguwa ta Category 5 a kan sikelin Saffir-Simpson."JTWC Best Track Analysis 1993-94: Tropical Cyclone 13S (Geralda)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 17 December 2002. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2013. Bayan sa'o'i shida, bayyanar Geralda a kan hotunan tauraron dan adam ya tabbatar da darajar Dvorak na 7.0. Dangane da wannan, MFR ya kiyasta mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba na    da kuma iska mai minti 10 na 205 km / h (125 mph),  kawai yana jin kunya game da yanayin guguwa mai zafi. A wannan lokacin, an kiyasta gusts a sama da  km / h (190 mph). Geralda ta kara karfi daga rikice-rikicen wurare masu zafi zuwa mafi girman ƙarfinta a cikin kwanaki biyar kawai, wanda MFR ta bayyana a matsayin "wani abu na musamman". Kusan tsananin ƙarfi, cibiyar Geralda ta wuce kimanin  (28 mi) arewa maso yammacin Tsibirin Tromelin, gabashin gabashin Madagascar.     

Bayan ci gaba da iskarsa ta sama da sa'o'i 18, Geralda ta raunana dan kadan yayin da take kusantar gabashin Madagascar. A 0600 UTC a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, MFR ta kiyasta iskõkin sun kasance kusan 175 km / h (110 mph).  A kusan 1100 UTC a wannan rana, guguwar ta sauka a arewacin Toamasina a matsayin guguwa mai zafi, inda aka ruwaito matsin lamba na   .Guy Le Goff (1994). "1993-1994 Cyclone Season in the South-West Indian Ocean". Météo-France. p. 42. Retrieved 5 May 2013. Jami'ai sun dauki Geralda a matsayin guguwa mafi karfi da ta mamaye kasar tun lokacin guguwa a watan Maris na shekara ta 1927. Geralda ta raunana cikin sauri a kan tsaunuka na Madagascar, ta wuce babban birnin Antananarivo marigayi a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu; duka JTWC da MFR sun rage guguwar zuwa yanayin matsanancin yanayi a rana mai zuwa."JTWC Best Track Analysis 1993-94: Tropical Cyclone 13S (Geralda)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 17 December 2002. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2013. Kimanin sa'o'i 30 bayan saukowa ta farko, Geralda ta fito a takaice a cikin Mozambique Channel a ƙarshen 3 ga Fabrairu. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba wani rami ya juya shi zuwa kudu, kuma Geralda ta haye yammacin Madagascar, ta kai ruwa a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu. A wannan lokacin, iskar ta ragu zuwa 45 km / h (30 mph).  Wani kusanci mai zurfi ya juya Geralda zuwa kudu maso gabas a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, kuma guguwar ta zama extratropical kwana biyu bayan haka. Koyaya, MFR ta ci gaba da bin diddigin ragowar Geralda har zuwa 12 ga Fabrairu.h

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