Gyaran Daidaitawa

Kwaskwarimar Daidaitawa wani gyare-gyare ne da aka gabatar ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ta hanyar malaman shari'a Kimberlé Crenshaw da Catharine MacKinnon .  An fara gabatar da shi a watan Disamba na 2019 a cikin Yale Law Journal .  Wannan shawarar sabuntawa ce ta Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki da Alice Paul ta rubuta daga Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, wacce aka fara gabatar da ita a 1923 kuma ba a tabbatar da ita ba. Wannan ya bambanta da Dokar Daidaitawa ta 2021, wacce aka gabatar a Majalisa don hana nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i na halitta, asalin jinsi ko yanayin jima'i. 

 Dalilan gyaran da aka gabatar 
Amurka ita ce kawai dimokuradiyya mai masana'antu wacce ba ta tabbatar da hakkoki ga mata a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin tarayya. Kodayake jihohi 38 da ake buƙata sun wuce gyare-gyaren tun daga 2020, mai adana bayanai na Amurka bai tabbatar da gyare- gyare-garen ba saboda lokacin da majalisa ta sanya a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1979, wanda wasu amincewar jihohi suka wuce. Wannan ya faru ne duk da gaskiyar cewa ƙara gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka don tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi yana da cikakken goyon baya a Amurka. A watan Yulin 2020 Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 78% na Amurkawa suna goyon bayan da aka kara ERA a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. An shigar da karar, Commonwealth of Virginia v. David Ferriero, a watan Janairun 2020 don tilasta mai adana bayanai ya tabbatar da ERA.  A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2021, kotun gundumar Washington, DC ta yi watsi da karar, tana mai bayyana cewa littafin mai adana bayanai na ERA ba zai zama tabbatarwa ba, kuma tana riƙe da cewa lokacin tabbatar da ERA ya dace. Wannan ya bar masu goyon bayan ERA tare da 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka don ƙarin mataki, gami da ƙoƙarin tsawaita lokacin tabbatar da ERA, ko rubuta sabon gyare-gyare.

 Sabuntawa ga kalmomin gyaran 
Crenshaw da MacKinnon sun kasance masu gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na dogon lokaci waɗanda ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sabunta Kwaskwarimar Daidaitawa don wakiltar batutuwan zamani. ERA tana da dogon tarihin mata masu launi da ke aiki don tabbatar da ita kamar Shirley Chisholm da Patsy Mink. Sun gabatar da gardamar daidaito shine tushe ga jamhuriyar Amurka kuma sashi na kariya daidai bai isa ya kawar da nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i ba. Wannan gardamar ta gina kan aikin malaman shari'ar mata na baya kamar su Pauli Murray, Dorothy Kenyon da Ruth Bader Ginsburg. A cewar MacKinnon, wanda yake daya daga cikin malaman shari'a da aka fi ambaton su akai-akai, kalmomin da aka sabunta suna ɗaukar hanyar haɗuwa a cikin manufarsa don kare haƙƙin mata.  

Sashe na 1 na asalin ERA ya karanta, "Daidaita haƙƙoƙi a ƙarƙashin doka ba za a hana su ba ko kuma a taƙaita su ta Amurka ko ta kowace jiha saboda jima'i. "  Sashe na 1'n Sabuntawar Daidaitawa ya karanta, ""Mata a duk bambancin su za su sami daidaito haƙƙofofi a Amurka da kowane wuri da ke ƙarƙashin ikonta" 

 Taimako ga Kwaskwarimar Daidaitawa 
Masanin shari'a Kim Forde-Mazrui ya yi jayayya da Kwaskwarimar Daidaitawa da aka gabatar, "...zai fi inganta daidaito na mata. "  Farfesa Julie Suk, gwani a tarihin ERA, ya yi imanin cewa gyare-gyaren da aka kara wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka wanda ke da niyyar ba da daidaito ga mata ya kamata, "... ya wuce rashin nuna bambanci. "

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba