Kashe yin bauta a kasar ingila

abolitionism a cikin Ƙasar Ingila ita ce motsi a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19 don kawo ƙarshen aikin Bautar, ko na al'ada ko na al-adace, a Ƙasar Ingila, Daular Burtaniya da duniya, gami da kawo ƙarshen Cinikin bayi na Atlantic.https://web.archive.org/web/20230318184523/https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/abolition-of-the-slave-trade-and-slavery-in-britainhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230318190639/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322 Ya kasance wani ɓangare na yunkurin abolitionism a Yammacin Turai da Amurka. Ya kai sama da ƙarni guda kuma ya haɗa da masu fafutuka da yawa, 'yan siyasa, kungiyoyin addini, da tsoffin bayi.https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/2015-parliament-in-the-making/get-involved1/2015-banners-exhibition/maria-amidu/1807-abolition-of-the-slave-trade/

An haramta cinikin bayi a duk faɗin Daular Burtaniya ta 1937, tare da Najeriya da Bahrain su ne yankunan Burtaniya na ƙarshe da suka kawar da bautar
Asali
A cikin ƙarni na 17 da farkon ƙarni na 18, Quakers na Ingila da wasu ƙungiyoyin addinai na bishara sun yi Allah wadai da bautar (a lokacin ana amfani da ita ga 'yan Afirka) a matsayin waɗanda ba Krista ba. Wasu 'yan masu tunani na duniya na Haskakawa sun soki shi saboda keta haƙƙin mutum. James Edward Oglethorpe shine na farko da ya yi aiki a kan shari'ar Haskakawa game da bautar a kan dalilai na bil'adama. A cikin "Jarabawar Georgia" ya shawo kan Majalisar don hana bautar a lardinsa na Georgia daga 1735. Koyaya, an sake dawo da bautar a cikin 1751. Ya kuma karfafa wa abokansa Granville Sharp, wanda ya kafa Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, da Hannah More don bin hanyar da karfi.[2] Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1785, sun haɗu da William Wilberforce da sauransu wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Clapham .https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/2015-parliament-in-the-making/get-involved1/2015-banners-exhibition/maria-amidu/1807-abolition-of-the-slave-trade/

An dakatar da cinikin bayi a Ingila a cikin 1102, ta Majalisar Ikilisiya ta London, wanda Anselm ya shirya. Koyaya, majalisa ba ta da ikon yin dokoki, sai dai idan sarki ya ba da umarni kuma ya sanya hannu.[1] A cikin Shari'ar Cartwright ta 1569 game da azabtar da bawa daga Rasha, kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa dokar Ingila ba za ta iya amincewa da bautar ba, saboda ba a taɓa kafa ta a hukumance ba. Wannan hukuncin ya rufe shi da abubuwan da suka faru daga baya. Lord Chief Justice Sir John Holt ya tabbatar da shi a cikin 1700 lokacin da ya yanke hukuncin cewa "Da zaran mutum ya kafa kafa a ƙasar Ingilishi yana da 'yanci".https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/the-viking-slave-trade-entrepreneurs-or-heathen-slavers/

Masu mulkin mallaka na Ingila sun shigo da bayi zuwa yankunan Arewacin Amurka kuma a karni na 18, 'yan kasuwa sun fara shigo da bayi daga Afirka, Indiya da Gabashin Asiya (inda suke kasuwanci) zuwa Landan da Edinburgh don yin aiki a matsayin bayin. Mutanen da suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan Arewacin Amurka galibi suna ɗaukar bayinsu ko bayinsu na Gabashin Indiya tare da su, kamar yadda aka rubuta Indiyawa na Gabas a cikin bayanan mulkin mallaka. David Olusoga ya rubuta game da canjin teku da ya faru:

Don fahimtar yadda ya kasance mai ban mamaki da hauhawar abolitionism na Burtaniya, a matsayin motsi na siyasa da kuma a matsayin sanannen ra'ayi, yana da mahimmanci a tuna yadda aka tayar da muryoyi kaɗan game da bautar a Burtaniya har zuwa kwata na ƙarshe na karni na sha takwas.

Wasu daga cikin shari'o'in 'yanci na farko, shari'o-rukunin kotu a Burtaniya don kalubalantar halattaccen bautar, sun faru ne a Scotland a cikin 1755 da 1769. Shari'o'in sun kasance Montgomery v. Sheddan (1755) da kuma Spens v. Dalrymple (1769). Kowane ɗayan bayi an yi musu baftisma a Scotland kuma sun kalubalanci halattaccen bautar. Sun kafa misali na tsarin shari'a a kotunan Burtaniya wanda daga baya zai haifar da nasara ga masu shigar da kara. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, mutuwar mai shigar da kara da wanda ake tuhuma, bi da bi, sun kawo ƙarshen aikin kafin a yanke hukuncin kotu.

Ba a sayi ko sayar da bayi na Afirka a Landan ba amma iyayengiji ne suka kawo su daga wasu wurare. Tare da mutane daga wasu kasashe, musamman wadanda ba Krista ba, an dauki 'yan Afirka a matsayin baƙi kuma saboda haka ba su cancanci zama' yan Ingila ba; Ingila ba ta da hanyar zama 'yan kasa. Matsayin shari'ar bayi na Afirka bai kasance a bayyane ba har sai Shari'ar Somersett a cikin 1772, lokacin da bawan da ya tsere James Somersett ya tilasta yanke shawara ta kotuna. Somersett ya tsere kuma maigidansa, Charles Steuart, ya kama shi kuma ya ɗaure shi a cikin jirgin ruwa, yana da niyyar tura shi zuwa Jamaica don sake siyar da shi cikin bautar. Yayinda yake Landan, an yi wa Somersett baftisma kuma iyaye uku sun ba da umarnin habeas corpus. A sakamakon haka, Lord Mansfield, Babban Alkalin Kotun Bench na Sarki, dole ne ya yi hukunci ko satar Somersett ta kasance doka ko a'a a karkashin Dokar Ingilishi. Ba a taɓa ba da wata doka don kafa bautar a Ingila ba. Shari'ar ta sami kulawa ta kasa kuma masu ba da shawara biyar sun goyi bayan aikin a madadin Somersett.
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