Rigakafin cutar kanjamau / AIDS

Rigakafin cutar kanjamau yana nufin abubuwan da ke da niyyar hana yaduwar Kwayar cutar rigakafin mutum (HIV). Ayyukan rigakafin cutar kanjamau na iya zama abunda mutane zasuyi don kare lafiyarsu da lafiyar wadanda ke garinsu, ko kuma gwamnatoci da kungiyoyin al'umma na iya kafa su a matsayin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a.

 Shirye-shiryen rigakafi 
Hadin gwiwar hana cutar kanjamau sun hada da amfani da:

 Hanyoyin shingen, kamar amfani da kwaroron roba  ko madatsar hakora  yayin jima'i
 Magungunan antiretroviral ko maganin antiretrovirus (ART) 
 Magani kafin bayyanar
 Magani bayan bayyanar
 kaciya ta maza da son rai (duba kuma kaciya da cutar kanjamau) 
 Microbicides don cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i
 Ƙananan allurar sararin samaniya

Amfani a kai-kai, da kwararon roba yadda ya dace hanya ce da aka tabbatar na hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau yayin jima'i. A cikin ƙasashe da suka cigaba, Shirye-shiryen Rigakafin Uwa zuwa Yaro (PMTC) gami da gwajin cutar kanjamau na mata masu juna biyu, maganin antiretroviral,  shawarwari game da ciyar da jarirai, da ayyukan haihuwa masu aminci (guje wa hanyoyin mamayewa) sun rage yaduwar uwa zuwa yara zuwa ƙasa da 1%.

Magani a matsayin rigakafi (TasP) ma yana da tasiri; a cikin ma'aurata daban-daban (inda ɗayan abokin tarayya yake da cutar kanjamau kuma ɗayan ba shi da cutar kansaru), cutar kanjamao ba za a iya yaduwa ga abokin tarayya marar kamuwa da cutar ba idan abokin tarayya mai cutar kanjamawa yana kan magani. Yanzu an san cewa idan mutumin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau yana da nauyin kwayar cuta wanda ba a iya ganowa ba, babu haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar ta HIV ga abokin jima'i.

Haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau yana da alaƙa da kasancewar cututtuka masu alaka, musamman sauran cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa da ita ta hanyar jima'i.  Kwararrun likitoci sun ba da shawarar magani ko rigakafin wasu cututtuka irin su herpes, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, papillomavirus, syphilis, gonorrhea, da tarin fuka a matsayin hanya kai tsaye don hana yaduwar cutar HIV.  Likitoci suna kula da waɗannan sharuɗɗan tare da taimakon magunguna da/ko rigakafi.[1]  Duk da haka, ba a sani ba ko magance wasu cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i a kan yawan jama'a yana da tasiri wajen hana cutar HIV.

 Rage lahani da dabarun zamantakewa 
Harm reduction is defined as "policies, programmes and practices that aim to minimise negative health, social and legal impacts associated with drug use, drug policies and drug laws". The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that harm reduction is central to the prevention of HIV amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) and their sexual and drug using partners. Social strategies do not require any drug or object to be effective, but rather require persons to change their behaviors to gain protection from HIV. Some social strategies include:

Each of these strategies has widely differing levels of efficacy, social acceptance, and acceptance in the medical and scientific communities.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span>]

Mutanen da ke samun damar Gwajin cutar kanjamau ba su da damar shiga cikin halayen da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamaun daji,  don haka gwajin cutar kansar kanjamau kusan koyaushe wani ɓangare ne na kowane dabarun don ƙarfafa mutane su canza halayensu don zama marasa yiwuwar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamawa. Kasashe sama da 60 suna sanya wasu nau'ikan ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye, ko dai don gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci, ga mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau.

 Talla da kamfen 
Sakonnin da aka kawo ta hanyar tallace-tallace na kiwon lafiya da kamfen ɗin tallace-tallacen hanyoyin sada zumunta waɗanda aka tsara don ilimantar da mutane game da haɗarin HIV / AIDS da dabarun rigakafi masu sauƙi suma hanya ce ta hana HIV. Wadannan sakonnin da suka rinjayi sun samu nasarar kara ilimin mutane game da cutar kanjamau. Mafi mahimmanci, bayanan da aka aika ta hanyar tallace-tallace da tallan kafafen sada zumunta suma sun tabbatar da tasiri wajen inganta fahimta ga jama'a game da amfani da kwaroron roba a nan gaba, kodayake ba su kawo canji mai mahimmanci a cikin ainihin halayyar ba sai dai waɗanda ke niyya ga takamaiman ƙwarewar halayyar.

Binciken na musamman na 2020 a kan nazari 16 ya gano cewa ilimin kudi yana inganta ingancin sani da kuma rage yiwuwar cutar kanjamau a cikin matasa a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin arziki da matsakaicin kuɗi. Yawancin karatun da aka yi a cikin bita sun haɗu da ilimin kudi tare da ilimin kiwon lafiyar jima'i da / ko shawarwari.

Bincike a cikin sadarwa na kiwon lafiya ya kuma gano cewa muhimmancin bayar da shawarwari masu mahimmanci da kuma sanar da albarkatun da ke akwai sun fi girma ga mutanen da ke da ƙananan ikon zamantakewa, amma ba lallai ba ne gaskiya ga mutanen da suka fi iko. Masu sauraron Afirka na Amurka suna buƙatar a ilimantar da su game da dabarun da za su iya ɗauka don sarrafa kansu yadda ya kamata a cikin halayen kiwon lafiya kamar kula da yanayi, gudanar da kwayoyi, da kuma shirin shirye-shiryen halayen jima'i. Koyaya, waɗannan abubuwa ba su da mahimmanci ga Amurkawa na Turai.Albarracín D, Gillette JC, Earl AN, Glasman LR, Durantini MR, Ho MH (November 2005). "A test of major assumptions about behavior change: a comprehensive look at the effects of passive and active HIV-prevention interventions since the beginning of the epidemic". Psychological Bulletin. 131 (6): 856–97. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.856. PMC 2713787. PMID 16351327.

 Yin jima'i 
Amfani da kwaroron roba yana rage haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar kusan 80% a cikin dogon lokaci. Inda abokin tarayya na ma'aurata ke da kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau, amfani da kwaroron roba yana haifar da yawan kamuwa da cutar kanjamao ga mutumin da ba a kamu da shi ba a ƙasa da 1% a kowace shekara. Wasu bayanai suna tallafawa daidaitattun kwaroron roba na ciki zuwa kwaroron roba, amma shaidar ba ta da tabbas. Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2019, ana samun kwaroron roba a cikin kashi 30% na kurkuku a duniya. Amfani da maganin nonoxynol-9 na iya kara haɗarin yaduwa saboda yana haifar da fushin farji da na baya. An nuna gel na farji wanda ke dauke da tenofovir, mai hana transcriptase, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi nan da nan kafin jima'i, don rage yawan kamuwa da cuta da kusan kashi 40% tsakanin matan Afirka.

 Kaciyar maza na sa kai 
Binciken da aka gudanar a yankin Sahara na Afirka ya gano cewa kaciya yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a cikin maza masu jima'i tsakanin 38 da 66% a cikin shekaru biyu. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da UNAIDS dukansu sun ba da shawarar kaciya ta maza a matsayin hanyar hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau daga mace zuwa namiji a cikin 2007. Ko yana karewa daga yaduwar namiji zuwa mace ana jayayya  kuma ko yana da fa'ida a Kasashe masu tasowa da kuma tsakanin maza da ke yin jima'i da maza ba a tantance su ba.   Ga maza da ke yin jima'i da maza akwai wasu shaidu cewa abokin tarayya yana da ƙananan damar kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV. Wasu masana suna tsoron cewa karamin ra'ayi game da rauni tsakanin maza da aka yi wa kaciya na iya haifar da ƙarin halayyar haɗarin jima'i, don haka ya musanta tasirin rigakafinsa. Mata da aka yanke mata suna da haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau.

Nazarin Afirka da aka dogara da wannan bayanin an soki su saboda kurakuran hanyoyin.[1]  Svoboda da Howe sun kwatanta su da "mafi ƙasƙanci na kowa", suna yin la'akari da "zaɓi mai raɗaɗi, bazuwar bazuwar, ra'ayin masu gwadawa, rashin isasshen makanta, rashin tsammanin mahalarta, rashin kulawar placebo, rashin isasshen kayan aiki, wuce gona da iri na batutuwa, gazawar bincikar cutar HIV ba tare da jima'i ba, jagoranci lokaci, da rashin lokaci."  Bugu da kari, an yi watsi da adadi na kashi 60% na rage hadarin a matsayin dangi da yaudara, tare da cikakken adadi na 1.3% kawai, wanda ake ganin ba shi da ma'ana sosai idan aka yi la'akari da "hayaniyar bayanan baya da aka samar ta hanyoyi masu yawa na son zuciya".  Har ila yau, sun nuna cewa, {asar Amirka na da mafi girman yawan kaciya da kuma kamuwa da cutar HIV/STD a duniya masu ci gaban masana'antu, wanda ke haifar da shakkar cewa na farko yana hana na biyu.  Har ila yau, akwai manyan bambance-bambancen cututtukan cututtukan da ke tsakanin yankuna: a Afirka, cutar kanjamau tana yaɗuwa ta hanyar rashin isassun ayyukan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta a asibitocin kiwon lafiya, yayin da a Amurka, hanyoyin farko na kamuwa da cuta shine raba kayan aiki tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da magunguna da saduwa ta dubura marasa kwaroron roba tsakanin MSM.  George Hill ya ba da ƙarin sukar "Sakamakon mu ya nuna a fili cewa waɗannan CRFs na Afirka sun kasance masu lahani daga farko zuwa ƙarshe ... Tun daga farko, kusan babu wani abu da ya dace da waɗannan karatun. A bayyane yake cewa waɗannan karatun ba su da kyau. Ba za a taba amincewa da su daga kwamitin da'a guda ɗaya a Amurka ba.""

 Ilimi da inganta kiwon lafiya 
Shirye-shiryen da ke ƙarfafa guje wa jima'i ba su bayyana suna shafar haɗarin cutar kanjamau a cikin ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi ba. Shaida don amfanin daga ilimin tsara daidai ba ne. Cikakken ilimin jima'i da aka bayar a makaranta na iya rage halayyar haɗari. Yawancin matasa suna ci gaba da shiga cikin ayyukan haɗari duk da ilimin HIV / AIDS, suna rage haɗarin kansu na kamuwa da cutar kanjamau.

 Kafin kamuwa 
Magani na farko-farko na mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar antiretrovirals abokan zamansu sun samu kariya da  kashi 96% daga kamuwa da cutar.Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Horvath T, Baggaley RC, Egger M, Siegfried N, et al. (Cochrane HIV/AIDS Group) (April 2013). "Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV-discordant couples". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (4): CD009153. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009153.pub3. PMC 4026368. PMID 23633367. Maganin rigakafi tare da maganin yau da kullun na tenofovir tare da ko ba tare da emtricitabine ba yana da tasiri a cikin kungiyoyi da yawa, gami da maza da ke yin jima'i da maza, ma'aurata inda mutum yake da cutar HIV, da matasa masu jima'i a Afirka.Celum C, Baeten JM (February 2012). "Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: evolving evidence". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 25 (1): 51–7. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834ef5ef. PMC 3266126. PMID 22156901. A cikin al'ummar MSM, babbar shingen ga amfani da PrEP ita ce zargi da ke kewaye da kwayar cutar kanjamau da maza masu luwadi. Maza masu luwadi a kan PrEP sun fuskanci "slut-shaming".   An gano wasu shingen da yawa, gami da rashin kulawa mai inganci na LGBTQ, farashi, da bin amfani da magani. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

 Kulawa mai biyo baya 
Shirye-shiryen rage yawan maimaitawar cutar kanjamau sun yi nasara wajen hana sake kamuwa da cuta. Cibiyoyin magani suna ƙarfafa waɗanda aka kula da su a baya don dawo da kwayar cutar kanjamau don tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da kamuwa da cuta cikin nasara. Sabbin dabarun karfafa sake gwadawa sun kasance amfani da saƙon rubutu da imel. Wadannan hanyoyin tunawa yanzu ana amfani da su tare da kiran waya da haruffa.

Shirye-shiryen hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau daga uwaye zuwa yara na iya rage yawan yaduwar da kashi 92-99% . Wannan da farko ya haɗa da amfani da haɗuwa da magungunan rigakafi a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma bayan haihuwa a cikin jariri amma kuma yana iya haɗawa da ciyar da kwalba maimakon shayarwa. Idan maye gurbin ciyarwa yana da karɓa, mai yiwuwa, mai araha, mai ɗorewa da aminci uwaye su ya kamata su guji shayar da jariransu; duk da haka, ana ba da shawarar shayar da nono na musamman a cikin watanni na farko na rayuwa idan wannan ba haka ba ne. Idan ana aiwatar da ciyar da nono na musamman samar da kariyar rigakafin antiretroviral ga jariri yana rage haɗarin yaduwa.

 Allurar rigakafi 
Ya zuwa 2020, babu wani allurar rigakafi mai tasiri ga cutar kanjamau ko cutar kanjamaun daji da aka sani. Wani gwaji guda na allurar rigakafin RV 144 ya sami ƙarancin inganci a kusa da kashi 30% kuma ya haifar da kyakkyawan fata a cikin al'ummar bincike game da haɓaka allurar rigakawa mai inganci da gaske. Ana ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje na rigakafin.

Wasu maye gurbi a kan kwayar halitta ta CCR5 an san su da sa wasu mutane ba su iya kama cutar kanjamau ba. Gyara kwayar halitta ta CCR5 ta amfani da maganin kwayar halitta na iya sa mutane ba za su iya kama shi ba.

 Tsarin shari'a 
Dokokin da suka aikata laifin watsa kwayar cutar kanjamau ba a samo hanyar da ta dace don rage halayen haɗarin HIV ba, kuma suna iya yin illa fiye da mai kyau.  A baya, da yawa daga cikin jihohin Amurka sun aikata laifin mallakar allura ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba, har ma sun kai ga kama mutane yayin da suke barin wuraren musayar allura masu zaman kansu.  A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da matsayin maganin sirinji ya gabatar da wani shingen doka don samun dama, shirye-shiryen likitancin likitanci sun nuna alƙawarin magance halayen allura masu haɗari] Binciken cututtukan cututtukan da ke nuna cewa shirye-shiryen yin amfani da sirinji suna da tasiri kuma suna da tsada ya taimaka wajen canza dokokin jiha da na gida da suka shafi ayyukan shirin musayar allura (NEP) da matsayin mallakar sirinji.  Tun daga 2006, jihohi 48 a Amurka sun ba da izinin musayar allura ta wani nau'i ko ba da izinin siyan sirinji ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba a kantin magani.

Cire shingen doka ga aiki na NEPs da sauran shirye-shiryen samun damar allura an gano su a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na cikakkiyar hanyar rage yaduwar cutar kanjamau tsakanin masu amfani da maganin allura (IDUs).  Shingen shari'a sun haɗa da "doka a kan littattafai" da "doki a kan tituna", watau, ainihin ayyukan jami'an tilasta bin doka,   wanda zai iya ko bazai nuna dokar doka ba. Canje-canje a cikin syringe da manufofin kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya zama marasa tasiri wajen rage irin waɗannan shingen idan 'yan sanda suka ci gaba da bi da mallakar syringe a matsayin laifi ko shiga cikin NEP a matsayin shaida na aikata laifuka.  Ko da yake yawancin NEPs a Amurka yanzu suna aiki bisa doka, da yawa suna ba da rahoton wasu nau'ikan tsangwama na 'yan sanda. 

Bincike a wasu wurare ya nuna irin wannan rashin daidaituwa tsakanin "doka a kan littattafai" da "doka akan tituna". Misali, a Kyrgyzstan, kodayake aikin jima'i, tallace-tallace na allura, da mallakar allura ba laifi ba ne kuma an haramta mallakar ƙananan magunguna, gibin ya kasance tsakanin waɗannan manufofi da ilimin tilasta doka da aiki. Don inganta kokarin kiwon lafiya na jama'a da ke fuskantar kungiyoyi masu rauni, ya kamata ma'aikatan tilasta bin doka da manufofin kiwon lafiya ta jama'a su kasance daidai. Ana iya inganta irin wannan daidaituwa ta hanyar manufofi, horo, da kokarin daidaitawa.

 Inganci a cikin rigakafi 
Ayyukan hadin gwiwa na EU na Inganta Inganci a Rigakafin HIV suna neman kara tasirin rigakafin HIV a Turai ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin tabbatar da inganci (QA) da inganta inganci (QI). 

 Tarihi 
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka sune kungiyar farko da ta gane cutar da aka kira cutar AIDS. Sanarwarsu ta zo ne a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1981, lokacin da daya daga cikin mujallu suka buga wata kasida da ke ba da rahoton kamuwa da cutar huhu guda biyar, wanda Pneumocystis jirovecii ya haifar, duk a cikin maza masu luwadi da ke zaune a Los Angeles.

In May 1983, scientists isolated a retrovirus which was later called HIV from an AIDS patient in France. At this point, the disease called AIDS was proposed to be caused by HIV, and people began to consider prevention of HIV infection as a strategy for preventing AIDS.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span>]

A cikin shekarun 1980s, masu tsara manufofin jama'a da yawancin jama'a ba su iya fahimtar cewa haɗuwa da hanyoyin sadarwar jima'i da na raba allura tare da al'umma gaba ɗaya ya haifar da dubban mutane a duk duniya da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau ba.Merson MH, O'Malley J, Serwadda D, Apisuk C (August 2008). "The history and challenge of HIV prevention". Lancet. 372 (9637): 475–88. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60884-3. PMID 18687461. S2CID 26554589. A kasashe da yawa, shugabannin da yawancin jama'a sun musanta cewa cutar kanjamau da halayyar haɗari da ke yaduwar cutar kanjamaun daji sun wanzu a waje da yawan jama'a.

A shekara ta 1987, FDA ta Amurka ta amince da AZT a matsayin magani na farko don cutar kanjamau. A lokaci guda, an kafa ACT UP, tare da daya daga cikin burin farko na kungiyar shine neman hanyar samun damar samun magungunan magunguna don magance cutar kanjamau. Lokacin da aka samar da AZT a fili, yana da tsada sosai kuma ba za a iya biyan kuɗi ga kowa ba sai dai mafi yawan marasa lafiya na cutar kanjamau. Samun magani amma rashin samun dama ga shi ya haifar da manyan zanga-zangar a kusa da ofisoshin FDA.  

A shekara ta 2003, Swaziland da Botswana sun ba da rahoton kusan mutane hudu daga cikin 10 suna da cutar kanjamau. Festus Mogae, shugaban Botswana, ya yarda da manyan matsalolin ababen more rayuwa ga al'ummar duniya kuma ya nemi shiga tsakani na kasashen waje ta hanyar tuntuɓar tsarin kiwon lafiya da shirye-shiryen rarraba magungunan antiretroviral. A Swaziland, gwamnati ta zaɓi kada ta magance matsalar nan take ta hanyar da hukumomin kiwon lafiya na duniya suka ba da shawara, mutane da yawa sun mutu. A cikin kafofin watsa labarai na duniya, an fara bayyana gwamnatocin ƙasashen Afirka kamar yadda suke shiga cikin ƙoƙarin hana cutar kanjamau da ƙarancin aiki.

An sami tattaunawar kasa da kasa game da dalilin da ya sa yawan cutar kanjamau a Afirka ya yi yawa, saboda idan an san dalilin, to za a iya haɓaka dabarun rigakafi. A baya, wasu masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa cutar kanjamau a Afirka ta yadu ne saboda ayyukan kiwon lafiya marasa lafiya waɗanda ta wata hanya suka canja jini ga marasa lafiya ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar allurar rigakafi, allura, ko sake amfani da kayan aiki. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2003, WHO ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa kusan dukkanin kamuwa da cuta, a zahiri, sakamakon ayyukan da ba su da aminci a cikin jima'i.

A mayar da martani ga karuwar yawan cutar kanjamau, Kadanal Alfonso López Trujillo, yana magana a madadin Vatican, ya ce ba wai kawai amfani da kwaroron roba ba ne, har ma da cewa kwaroron roba bai yi tasiri wajen hana cutar kanjamawa ba. Kadanal ya soki shi sosai daga al'ummar kiwon lafiya ta duniya, wadanda ke kokarin inganta amfani da kwaroron roba a matsayin hanyar hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau. WHO daga baya ta gudanar da binciken da ya nuna cewa kwaroron roba suna da tasiri 90% wajen hana cutar kanjamau.

A shekara ta 2001, Amurka ta fara yaƙi a Afghanistan da ke da alaƙa da yaƙi da Taliban. Taliban, duk da haka, sun yi tsayayya da masu shuka opium na gida da cinikin heroin; lokacin da gwamnatin Afghanistan ta fadi a lokacin yakin, ba a hana samar da opium ba. A shekara ta 2003, kasuwar duniya tana da karuwa a cikin wadatar heroin; a tsoffin jihohin Soviet musamman, karuwar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ya faru ne saboda amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. An sabunta kokarin hana cutar kanjamau da ke da alaƙa da raba allurai.

 Daga shekara ta 2011 
A watan Yulin 2011, WHO da UNAIDS sun sanar da cewa allurar rigakafin antiretroviral sau ɗaya a kowace rana na iya rage haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau a cikin ma'aurata masu jima'i. Wadannan binciken sun dogara ne akan sakamakon gwaje-gwaje biyu da aka gudanar a Kenya da Uganda, da Botswana.

Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates ce ta ba da kuɗin gwajin Partners PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)  kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Asibiti ta Duniya a Jami'ar Washington ce ta gudanar da shi. Shari'ar ta biyo bayan ma'aurata 4758 na jima'i a Kenya da Uganda, inda mutum daya ya kasance mai dauke da kwayar cutar HIV kuma ɗayan ba shi da kwayar HIV."UNAIDS and WHO hail new results showing that a once-daily pill for HIV-negative people can prevent them from acquiring HIV". unaids.org. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012. An ba abokin tarayya wanda ba shi da cutar (marar cutar HIV) ko dai allon tenofovir sau ɗaya a kowace rana, allon haɗin tenofovil da emtricitabine sau ɗaya a rana, ko allon placebo wanda ba shi dauke da maganin antiretroviral. Wadannan ma'aurata sun kuma sami shawara kuma suna da damar samun kwaroron roba na maza da mata kyauta. A cikin ma'aurata da ke shan tenofovir da tenofovin / emtricitabine, akwai raguwar kashi 62% da 73%, bi da bi, a cikin yawan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau idan aka kwatanta da ma'auratan da ke karɓar placebo.

An lura da irin wannan sakamako tare da gwajin TDF2, wanda Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na Amurka suka gudanar tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Botswana. Gwajin ya biyo bayan maza da mata 1200 marasa cutar kanjamau a Francistown, Botswana, birni da aka sani yana da ɗayan mafi girman kamuwa da cutar kanjamaun a duniya. Wadanda suka halarci taron sun karɓi kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta tenofovir / emtricitabine sau ɗaya a kowace rana ko placebo. A cikin waɗanda ke shan maganin antiretroviral, an gano raguwar kashi 63% a cikin haɗarin samun kwayar cutar kanjamau, idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke karɓar placebo."UNAIDS and WHO hail new results showing that a once-daily pill for HIV-negative people can prevent them from acquiring HIV". unaids.org. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.

Kwayar cutar HIV-1 ta tabbatar da cewa tana da ƙarfi, tana shigar da kwayoyin halittarta na dindindin a cikin DNA na marasa lafiya, wanda ya tilasta wa marasa lafiya ɗaukar tsarin magani na tsawon rai don sarrafa ƙwayar cutar da kuma hana wani sabon hari.  Yanzu, ƙungiyar masu binciken Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Temple sun tsara hanya don "fitar da" hadedde kwayoyin cutar HIV-1 don kyau.  Wannan mataki ɗaya ne mai mahimmanci akan hanyar zuwa ga magani na dindindin na AIDS.  Wannan shine yunƙuri na farko na nasara na kawar da kwayar cutar HIV-1 mai ɓoyewa daga ƙwayoyin ɗan adam.

A cikin wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (PNAS) ta buga, Khalili da abokan aikinsa sun yi cikakken bayani game da yadda suka kirkiro kayan aikin kwayoyin don shafe DNA proviral HIV-1.  [cikakkun ambaton da ake buƙata] Lokacin da aka tura, haɗin enzyme-snipping enzyme da ake kira nuclease da RNA mai niyya wanda ake kira jagorar RNA (gRNA) yana farautar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar HIV-1 kuma tana fitar da DNA-1.  Daga nan, injinan gyaran kwayoyin halitta na tantanin halitta ya fara aiki, yana sayar da sassan sassan jikin kwayoyin halitta tare - yana haifar da kwayoyin da ba su da kwayar cutar. 

Tun da kwayar cutar HIV-1 ba ta taɓa kawar da tsarin rigakafi ba, ana buƙatar cire ƙwayar cutar don warkar da cutar.  Irin wannan dabara za a iya amfani da a ka'idar a kan iri-iri na ƙwayoyin cuta.  Binciken ya nuna cewa waɗannan kayan aikin kwayoyin suna ɗaukar alkawari a matsayin maganin warkewa;  Kwayoyin da ke dauke da hadewar nuclease-RNA sun tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar HIV.u.

 Manazarta 
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