Jami'ar Giessen

Jami'ar Giessen, sunan hukuma Justus Liebig Jami'ar Geessen (Jamusanci: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), babbar jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a a Giessen, Hesse, Jamus. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin cibiyoyin ilimi mafi German:  a duniyar da ke magana da Jamusanci. An sanya masa suna ne bayan sanannen memba na kwalejin, Justus von Liebig, wanda ya kafa ilmin sunadarai na zamani kuma mai kirkirar taki na wucin gadi. Ya ƙunshi fannoni na zane-zane / bil'adama, kasuwanci, ilimin hakora, tattalin arziki, doka, magani, kimiyya, kimiyyar zamantakewa da likitan dabbobi. ="University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg">Asibitin jami'a, wanda ke da shafuka biyu, Giessen da Marburg (wanda shine asibitin koyarwa na Jami'ar Marburg), shine kawai asibitin jamiʼa mai zaman kansa a Jamus.

 Tarihi 
Jami'ar Giessen tana daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun manyan makarantu a duniyar masu magana da Jamusanci.  An kafa shi a cikin 1607 a matsayin jami'ar Lutheran a garin Giessen a cikin Hesse-Darmstadt saboda duk-Hessian Landesuniversität (Jami'ar Marburg kusa da (Philipps-Universität Marburg) a Marburg, Hesse-Kassel (ko Hesse-Cassel)) ya zama Gyara (wato, Calvinist).  Louis V, Landgrave na Hesse-Darmstadt, inda jami'a ta samu asalin sunan "Ludoviciana", ya kafa nasa cibiyar ilimi mafi girma a Giessen, wanda a matsayin cibiyar Lutheran yana da aikin farko na tabbatar da ilimin fastoci da ma'aikatan gwamnati.  An ba shi izini da Rudolf II, Sarkin Roman Mai Tsarki, a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1607, an ba da izinin jami'a don ci gaba da koyarwa a cikin Oktoba 1607. A lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin, lokacin da Hesse-Darmstadt ya sami damar ɗaukar yankin da ke kusa da Marburg don kansa, Jami'ar Giessen ta daina koyarwa kuma an koma ta zuwa wurinsa na 4/15.6.  Aminci na Westphalia ya haifar da maido da tsohon wurin kuma a cikin 1650 zuwa ƙaura na jami'a zuwa Giessen.

A cikin ƙarni na 17 da 18 Ludoviciana ƙaramar jami'a ce ta jihar da ke da ƙwarewa huɗu na yau da kullun (tauhidi, doka, magani, da falsafar).  Umurnin ya kasance mai ma'ana, tare da kusan furofesoshi 20 zuwa 25 da ke koyar da daruruwan dalibai, wadanda suka fi yawa "Landeskinder". A cikin karni na 18 ya zo da sannu a hankali na zamani na tsarin karatu da gyare-gyare a cikin koyarwa, wanda kotun majalisa ta yankin a Darmstadt ta rinjayi shi sosai. Misali ga gyare-gyare sun kasance duka biyu na "jami'o'in misali na Haskakawa", Jami'ar Halle, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1694, da kuma Georgia Augusta, wanda aka gina a Göttingen a cikin 1734/37. Lalle ne, duk yunkurin sake fasalin sun kasance daga farko iyakance ta hanyar iyakance kudade na Hesse-Darmstadt.

Halitta mai ban sha'awa na Faculty of Economics (1777-1785) an haife shi ne daga wannan wahalar kudi. A cikin Faculty of Economics, an kawo sabbin batutuwa masu amfani tare (Magungunan dabbobi, gandun daji, da kimiyyar kamara), wanda jami'ar ta kamata ta yi "mai sauƙi" da "mai fa'ida".  (Daya daga cikin darussan farko na karatu a cikin gandun daji a Turai.) Bayan kammala karatu a wannan Faculty, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan matasa sun sami damar samun karbuwa a Faculty of Medicine and Philosophy. Sun kafa nau'ikan darussan daban-daban waɗanda ke ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa zamani a Jami'ar Giessen.

Jami'ar Giessen ta fuskanci sauyawa daga karni na 18 zuwa karni na 19 ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma har yanzu ita ce kawai jami'ar yankin da aka faɗaɗa, Grand Duchy na Hesse. Tare da Jena, Giessen shine samfurin jami'ar Vormärz mai siyasa, kuma "Giessener Schwarzen" tare da Karl Follen da Georg Büchner, sun nuna ruhun juyin juya halin wannan shekaru goma. Tare da nadin Justus von Liebig mai shekaru 21 a cikin 1824 ta hanyar Grand Duchy - ba tare da son zuciyar jami'ar ba bisa ga shawarar Alexander von Humboldt - sabon zamani a cikin kimiyyar halitta ya fara, ba kawai a Giessen ba. Matasa, masana kimiyya masu alƙawari sun kirkiro sabon motsi a fannonin ilimin su; daga cikin waɗannan masana kimiyya sun kasance masanin tarihi Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker, lauya Rudolf von Jhering, masanin tauhidi Adolf von Harnack, masanin lissafi Moritz Pasch da masanin kimiyyar Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.

A farkon karni na 20, Ludoviciana ya fara fadada zuwa jami'a na zamani.  A wannan lokacin, an kafa sabbin asibitocin likitancin ɗan adam da na dabbobi, kuma ɗakin karatu na jami'ar ya sami gininsa na farko da ya dace.  Tare da ƙirƙirar babban ginin jami'a (wanda aka buɗe a shekara ta 1880) da kuma kusa da sabbin wuraren da aka gina don sinadarai da kimiyyar lissafi an kafa sabuwar cibiyar al'adu a kan iyakar birnin a lokacin.  Babban mai goyon bayan wannan aikin shine Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig na ƙarshe, wanda jami'a ta ba shi saboda godiya da lakabin girmamawa na "Rector Magnificentissimus".  A cikin 1902 ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta haura dubu ɗaya.  A karo na farko da aka haɗa a cikin ƙungiyar dalibai mata ne, waɗanda tun 1900 aka shigar da su a matsayin dalibai na baki da kuma farawa a 1908 an shigar da su don nazarin yau da kullum.

Bayan jihohin Hessian daban-daban sun sake haɗuwa a 1929, jami'o'in biyu sun zama jami'o-kashen jama'a na wannan jihar Jamus. Jami'ar Giessen yanzu tana da kusan dalibai 25,000 da ma'aikata 5,853, wanda tare da daliban Giessen na Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, ya sa Giessen ta zama birni mafi yawan ɗaliban Jamus.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 jami'ar ta rufe dukkan sabobin IT bayan "matsanancin lamarin tsaro na IT". Ofishin Masu Shari'a na Jihar Hess ya binciki shari'ar da ake zargi da kai hari.

 Faculty da sassan 

 Faculty 01 - Shari'a
 Faculty 02 - Tattalin Arziki da Nazarin Kasuwanci
 Faculty 03 - Kimiyya ta Jama'a da Nazarin Al'adu
 Faculty 04 - Tarihi da Nazarin Al'adu
 Faculty 05 - Harshe, Littattafai, Al'adu
 Faculty 06 - Psychology da Sports Science
 Faculty 07 - Lissafi da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, Physics, Geography
 Faculty 08 - Biology da Chemistry
 Faculty 09 - Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona, Kimiyya ta Abinci da Gudanar da Muhalli
 Faculty 10 - Magungunan dabbobi
 Faculty 11 - Magunguna

 Cibiyar 
Kodayake jami'ar ba ta da wani harabar da aka ayyana, gine-gine da kayan aiki an haɗa su tare bisa ga yankunansu kuma suna cikin wurare daban-daban a kusa da Giessen. Philosophikum II, alal misali yanki ne a gefen birnin da ke kan iyakar gandun daji na birnin. Akwai gine-ginen kwaleji da wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na lacca a can, gami da Audimax, ginin da ke dauke da dakunan lacca da yawa wanda atrium sau da yawa shine wurin kide-kide da dare na disco, wanda aka sani da "Uni-Party".

 Matsayi 

Dangane da Ƙididdigar Jami'ar Duniya ta 2024, an sanya jami'ar ta 396 a duniya kuma ta 22 a cikin ƙasa. A cikin Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings na 2023, ya fadi a cikin 351-400 bracket a duniya kuma ya kasance tsakanin 34th da 36th a matakin ƙasa. Matsayin Ilimi na Jami'o'in Duniya na 2023 (ARWU) ya sanya ma'aikatar a cikin 601-700 a duniya, kuma tsakanin 37th da 40th a cikin ƙasa.

 Shahararrun malamai da tsofaffi 
Kusa da Liebig, sanannun farfesa a jami'ar sun hada da likita Georg Haas (wanda ya gudanar da binciken haemodialysis na farko a duniya a Giessen a 1924), masanin tauhidi Adolf von Harnack, lauya Rudolf von Jhering, masanin tattalin arziki da lissafi Etienne Laspeyres, masanin kimiyyar lissafi Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, masanan lissafi Moritz Pasch da Alfred Clebsch, masanin ilimin halayyar mutum Kurt Koffaltka, masanin harshe da masanin ilimin kimiyyar halitta Friedrich Eber Gottlicker, masanin kimiyya Friedrich Schlycker, mashahurin gabashin duniya Friedrich Schly, masanin gabas. Daga 1901 zuwa 1918 Hermann Friedrich Gmeiner shine Farfesa na farko na likitan dabbobi na ciki a Kwalejin Kula da dabbobi.

Tsoffin ɗalibai a fannin siyasa sun haɗa da Shugaban Jamus na yanzu da tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da Ministan Harkokin Waje Frank-Walter Steinmeier da Brigitte Zypries, tsohon Ministan Harshen Tattalin Arziki da Makamashi na Tarayya kuma tsohon Ministan Shari'a na Tarayya.

Sanannen tsofaffin ɗaliban jami'a sun haɗa da masanin kimiyyar halitta August Kekulé, masanin kimiyyar X-ray Simone Techert, masanin ilimin zamantakewa Thomas Abel, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya da ɗan juyin juya hali Georg Büchner, masanin adabi da siyasa Georg Gottfried Gervinus da masanin ilimin botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius.  Ernest Rutherford, mahaliccin rutherford atomic model, yayi karatu a Giessen.  Alumnus William Schlich ya kafa shirin gandun daji na Jami'ar Oxford.  Ruth Kajander wata likitar tabin hankali ce wacce ta fara yin amfani da chlorpromazine a matsayin magani ga schizophrenia.  Carl A. Schenck, wanda ya sami digiri na uku a fannin gandun daji daga Giessen, ya kafa makarantar dajin Biltmore, irin wannan makaranta ta farko a Amurka.  Fitsum Assefa malami ne dan kasar Habasha kuma dan siyasa wanda ke jagorantar ministan tsare-tsare da raya kasa na FDRE.  Har ila yau Hans-Joachim Preuss, tsohon Sakatare Janar na Welthungerhilfe kuma Manajan Daraktan Giz (gtz) ya kammala karatun digiri kuma ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Giessen.
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba