Yanayin Saskatchewan

Yanayin yanayin Saskatchewan na musamman ne a tsakanin larduna da yankuna na Kanada ta wasu fannoni.  Yana daya daga cikin yankuna biyu ne kawai da ba su da ƙasa (Alberta ita ce ɗayan) kuma ita ce kawai yankin da iyakokinsa ba su dogara da abubuwan halitta kamar bakin teku, tafkuna, koguna, ko magudanar ruwa ba.  Iyakokin Saskatchewan, waɗanda suka maida shi kusan trapezoid, an ƙaddara su a cikin 1905 lokacin da ya zama lardin Kanada.  Saskatchewan yana da jimlar fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 651,036 (251,366 sq mi) wanda murabba'in kilomita 591,670 (228,450 sq mi) ƙasa ce kuma murabba'in kilomita 59,366 (22,921 sq mi) ruwa ne.    .

Sunan lardin ya fito ne daga Kogin Saskatchewan, wanda sunan Cree shine: kisiskatchewani sipi, ma'ana "kogi mai saurin gudana".

Saskatchewan za a iya raba shi zuwa yankuna uku: ciyawa (wani ɓangare na Great Plains) a kudu, filin shakatawa na aspen a tsakiya, da gandun daji a Arewa. Yankin gandun daji yana kan wani bangare a arewacin Great Plains kuma wani bangare ne a kan Garkuwar Kanada. Babban kogunansa sune Kogin Assiniboine, da Kogin Arewa da Kudancin Saskatchewan.
Saskatchewan tana da iyaka a yammacin Alberta, a arewacin Yankin Arewa maso Yamma, a gabas da Manitoba, kuma a kudu da jihohin Amurka na Montana da North Dakota.

 Yanayin jiki 
Saskatchewan yana kusa da trapezoid. Yankin yammacin yana gudana tare da 4th meridian ko 110 ° W longitude, yana raba Saskatchewan daga lardin Alberta. Wannan iyakar ta kai tsawon kilomita 1,225 (761  kuma an kafa ta ne a 1905 lokacin da aka kafa larduna biyu.

Yankin gabashin Saskatchewan ya haɗa da ƙananan kuskuren ma'auni daga shekarun 1880, don haka ba ya kwance cikakke a kan 102 ° W longitude, amma a maimakon haka yana da ɗan yammacin wannan meridian daga 60 ° N daidai zuwa 55 ° 47' N, sannan dan kadan gabas na wannan har zuwa iyakar Kanada-Amurka - layin da ba daidai ba (maimakon madaidaiciya) don nisan kilomita 1,225 (761 .  Lokacin da aka kafa Saskatchewan a cikin 1905, Manitoba da Gundumar Keewatin sune yankunan da ke makwabtaka da gabas. An faɗaɗa Manitoba a cikin 1912 zuwa arewa zuwa layi na 60, ya zama maƙwabcin gabashin Saskatchewan kawai. Wannan sauran sashi na iyakar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar binciken tsakanin 1961 da 1972.

Yankin kudancin Saskatchewan da Amurka yana zaune kusan a kan layi na 49, kamar yadda aka amince a cikin Yarjejeniyar 1818 - kodayake ƙananan kuskuren ma'auni a lokacin binciken iyakokin duniya na 1870 ya haifar da wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin ainihin iyakar Kanada da Amurka da layi na 49.  Ba a kafa wannan iyakar a hukumance ba har sai binciken 1867. Wannan iyakar ta kai kilomita 627 (390  a kudancin Saskatchewan.

Yankin Arewa maso Yamma yana arewacin layi na 60 wanda ya zama iyakar arewacin lardin. Wannan iyakar ta kai kilomita 445 (277  a fadin arewacin Saskatchewan. Kuskuren ma'auni da aka ambata a sama a cikin binciken 1880s sun sanya iyakar Saskatchewan / Manitoba kusan mita 400 (440 yd) yammacin meridian na 102 da kuma daidai auna Yankin Arewa maso Yamma / iyakar Nunavut, kawai ya rasa ainihin quadripoint na Saskatchew / Manitova / Yankin Arewa Yamma / iyakokin Nunavut.

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Za'a iya raba ilimin ƙasa na Saskatchewan zuwa manyan yankuna biyu, Pre-Cambrian ko Garkuwar Kanada da Phanerozoic ko Yammacin Kanada Sedimentary Basin. A cikin garkuwar Kanada akwai kwandon Athabasca. Tasirin meteorite ya canza tsarin tsarin halitta na halitta. Lokacin Quaternary shine tsarin ilimin ƙasa na baya-bayan nan lokacin da abubuwan da suka faru suka shafi filayen. Akwai sanannun meteorite guda shida ko Craters na tasiri comet a Saskatchewan. Carswell, Deep Bay da Gow Lake sun shafi yankin Canadian Shield na arewa. A kudancin Phanerozoic crater akwai tsarin Viewfield, Elbow da Maple Creek. Tsarin Carswell shine mafi girman astrobleme a kilomita 35 (22  a diamita.

 Tarihin ƙasa 
Masu binciken ilimin kimiyya sun sanya kwanan wata mazaunan mutum na farko zuwa 9,500 BC. Kungiyoyi huɗu da ke zaune a yankin a lokacin hulɗar Turai ta farko sune Cree, Assiniboine, Salteaux, da Dene. Henry Kelsey na Kamfanin Hudson's Bay an dauke shi mutum na farko na Turai da ya ga wannan yanki. Faransanci ne suka fara yin kasuwancin farko; duk da haka, an kafa mazaunin dindindin na farko a Cumberland House a cikin 1774 ta HBC. Bugu da kari, 'yan kasuwa na fata na Burtaniya sun kafa wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa a cikin hanyoyin ruwa na yankin. Yankin gandun daji na Garkuwar Kanada shine yankin da aka fi so don daidaitawa da wuri, kuma tattalin arzikin ya dogara sosai da farauta da kamawa.

A cikin 1870, Kamfanin Hudson's Bay ya sayar da Rupert's Land kuma ya ba da haƙƙinsa ga Gwamnatin Kanada.[1]  Yankin ya zama yanki na yankin Arewa maso Yamma.  Yawancin mazauna yankin Arewa-maso-Yamma sun yi yarjejeniya da masarautar Burtaniya (ta hanyar wakilan gwamnatin Kanada) a cikin 1870s kuma an daidaita su akan ajiyar Indiya.  Ƙarin mutanen ƙasar da Métis, karkashin jagorancin Louis Riel, sun yi tawaye tsakanin 1884 da 1885 a cikin Tawayen Arewa-Yamma kuma an danne su.

Zuwan ƙauyuka da layin dogo sun kawo tattalin arzikin noma da ci gaba a yankin Lowlands na Tsakiya. Babban Filayen ko yankin Palliser Triangle zuwa kudu an fi amfani da shi don tattalin arzikin kiwo. A farkon karni na 20, manoman Saskatchewan sun kirkiro kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa don kula da kasuwar hatsi. A lokacin fari da Babban Mawuyacin hali na shekarun 1930, yawan jama'a ya ragu yayin da shige da fice ya kusan ƙare kuma iyalai da yawa sun tafi. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, shirye-shiryen kiyayewa da karuwar bukatar hatsi sun farfado da tattalin arziki.

 Yanayi 
Kasancewa a tsakiyar Arewacin Amurka, Saskatchewan yana da nisa daga tasirin matsakaici na kowane babban ruwa sabili da haka yana da yanayin yanayi mai matsakaici, nau'ikan rarraba yanayi na Köppen BSk, Dfb da Dfc. Lokacin zafi zuwa zafi da hunturu mai sanyi yana nufin cewa yanayin zafin shekara-shekara na iya kaiwa 65 ° C. A matsakaici, Saskatchewan yana da kwanaki 211 a kowace shekara lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka ƙasa da daskarewa. Iska mai laushi, ƙanƙara ta Supercell ko guguwa ruwan sama mai yawa, da guguwa sune abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin rani. Midale ya kai 45 ° C (113 ° F) a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1937, daya daga cikin mafi girman yanayin zafi da aka rubuta a Kanada.   

Idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin darajar daga dukkan larduna da yankuna goma sha uku na Kanada,  Saskatchewan ita ce lardin da ya fi hasken rana ko yankin a duk shekara (2206 hours a kowace shekara), yana da dusar ƙanƙara ta biyu mafi ƙasƙanci (145 centimeters (57 in)), na huɗu mafi ƙasƙantar da ruwan sama (428 millimeters (16.9 in)) da kuma bazara mafi zafi ( ° C (72.5 ° F)). Adadin kwanakin da ba su da sanyi ya kasance daga kwanaki 95 a arewa (Prince Albert, alal misali) zuwa kwanaki 124 a kudu (Estevan). 

 Bayanan yanayi 
+Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun ga biranen da aka zaɓa a SaskatchewanBirniYuli (°C) Yuli (°F) Janairu (°C) Janairu (°F) Maple Creek27/1181/52−5/−1623/4Estevan27/1381/55−9/−2016/−4Weyburn26/1279/54−10/−2114/−6Moose Jaw26/1279/54−8/−1918/−2Regina26/1179/52−10/−2214/−8Saskatoon25/1177/52−12/−2210/−8Melville25/1177/52−12/−2310/−9Sauƙin Yanzu25/1177/52−7/−1719/1Humboldt24/1175/52−12/−2310/−9Melfort24/1175/52−14/−237/−9Arewacin Battleford24/1175/52−12/−2210/−8Yorkton24/1175/52−13/−239/−9Lloydminster23/1173/52−10/−1914/−2Yarima Albert24/1175/52−13/−259/−13

 Canjin yanayi 
A yanzu ana ganin tasirin sauyin yanayi a Saskatchewan a sassan lardin.  Akwai shaidar raguwar kwayoyin halitta a cikin gandun daji na Saskatchewan (kamar yadda yake da na sauran lardunan prairie na Kanada) masu bincike suna da alaƙa da damuwa na ruwa mai alaƙa da fari, wanda ya samo asali daga ɗumamar duniya, mai yuwuwa ya haifar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi.  Yayin da bincike, tun farkon 1988 (Williams, et al., 1988) ya nuna sauyin yanayi zai shafi aikin noma,[] ko za a iya rage tasirin ta hanyar daidaitawar cultivars, ko amfanin gona, ba a bayyana ba.  Juriyar yanayin muhalli na iya raguwa tare da manyan canje-canje a yanayin zafi.  Gwamnatin lardin ta mayar da martani ga barazanar sauyin yanayi ta hanyar gabatar da wani shiri na rage hayakin Carbon, "Shirin Makamashi da Sauyin yanayi na Saskatchewan", a watan Yunin 2007.

 Yankunan birane 

Babban birnin Saskatchewan kuma birni na biyu mafi girma shine Regina . Birnin da ya fi yawan jama'a shi ne Saskatoon . 

 Yanayin Rayuwa 

 Tsire-tsire 
Tsire-tsire na asali na Saskatchewan sun haɗa da tsire-tsires masu jijiyoyi, tare da ƙarin nau'ikan wasu tsire-shuke da kwayoyin halitta kamar su algae, lichens da sauran fungi, da mosses. Ana yin rikodin nau'ikan shuke-shuke marasa asali kamar yadda aka kafa a waje da noma a Saskatchewan, daga cikin waɗannan wasu nau'ikan da ba na asali ba sun kasance masu amfani ga lambu, da aikin gona, inda wasu suka zama masu mamayewa, masu guba. Saskatchewan ta himmatu ga kare jinsunan da ke cikin haɗari a Kanada. An yi nazarin Lokacin girma kuma an rarraba shi cikin yankunan tsananin tsire-tsire dangane da tsawon lokacin girma da yanayin yanayi. Hakanan an raba abubuwan da suka shafi halittu zuwa yankuna da masarautun furanni a fadin Saskatchewan, kuma tsire-tsire na halitta sun bambanta dangane da tsawo, danshi, ƙasa da yanayi. Nazarin ethnobotany ya bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane da tsire-tsire da kuma hanyoyin da mutane suka yi amfani da tsire'o'i don dalilai na tattalin arziki, abinci, magani da ci gaban fasaha.
Dabbobi na Saskatchewan sun hada da nau'ikan ƙasa da na ruwa da yawa. Daga yawan invertebrates da vertebrates an zaɓi biyu a matsayin alamomin Saskatchewan, doki mai farin wutsiya da kuma mai kaifi mai kaifi. Burbushin vertebrate na Cenozoic sun nuna juyin halitta na yanayin ƙasa na Filayen Cikin Gida da tarihin rayuwarta. A yau, yanayin halittu na Saskatchewan ya fito ne daga yankin sub-Arctic na Canadian Shield a arewacin Saskatchew zuwa filin shakatawa na aspen, da kuma ciyawa. Fauna suna zaune a yankuna na musamman ga nasu takamaiman kiwo, neman abinci da bukatun nesting. Tare da babban ƙasa da ruwa, da ƙananan yawan jama'a, yankunan ecoregions na Saskatchewan suna ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga dabbobi da yawa, duka masu haɗari da ba su da haɗari.

Masana ilimin halitta da ke lura da namun daji sun lissafa raguwa da karuwa da yawan namun daji. Suna ba da shawarar shirye-shirye da hanyoyin don adanawa ko sake gabatar da nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari da kuma gano shirye-shiryen sarrafawa don barkewar yawan namun daji.

Ana adana wurare daban-daban na namun daji a matsayin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya da ke kare wuraren ciyarwa da kiwo na kariya da na asali na Saskatchewan.

 Rubuce-rubucen ruwa 
Jimlar yankin ruwan sha shine 59,366 km2 .  Akwai manyan koguna guda biyu, Nelson da Churchill River Basins, dukansu suna shiga Hudson Bay. 

Qu'Appelle da Souris, Saskatchewan_River" id="mwAi4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="North Saskatchewan River">Arewa da Kudancin Saskatchewan, sun haɗu da gabashin Yarima Albert ya zama Saskatchew waɗanda duk suna cikin ɓangaren Kogin Nelson. Kogin Churchill ya haɗa tabkuna da rafi ta hanyar ƙananan ɓangaren Garkuwar Kanada. Rupert's Land wani yanki na siyasa na tarihi na Kanada ya ƙunshi dukkan ƙasashe na tsarin ruwa na Hudson Bay tsakanin shekarun 1670 zuwa 1870.

Kogin Frenchman ba ya gudana zuwa gabas zuwa Hudson Bay, amma a kudu zuwa Kogin Missouri, wanda yake wani ɓangare na yankin kogin Missouri. Kogin Mackenzie na arewacin Saskatchewan yana gudana a arewa yana gudana cikin Tekun Arctic, wanda ke cikin yankin kogin Mackenzie.

Akwai tabkuna sama da 10,000 a fadin Saskatchewan, babban yankin tafkin yana arewacin layin itace a cikin Garkuwar Kanada.

Tafkin Saskatchewan mafi girma shine Tafkin Athabasca wanda ke zaune a kan iyakar Saskatchew - Alberta. Na biyu a girman shi ne Reindeer Lake wanda ke kan iyakar Saskatchewan - Manitoba. Sauran tabkuna masu girma za su kasance Wollaston, Cree, Frobisher, da Lac La Ronge .  Matsayin ruwa mafi zurfi 220 mita (720  yana cikin Reindeer Lake a shafin Deep Bay Structure wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar Tasirin meteor.

Hanyoyin ruwa na Saskatchewan suma suna dauke da bogs, da kuma tabkuna na ruwan gishiri. Quill Lake shine tafkin ruwan gishiri mafi girma a Kanada, Chaplin Lake shine Cibiyar Tsaro ta Yammacin Hemispheric Shorebird kuma Littke Manitou, tafkin endorheic, sanannen wurin shakatawa ne na yawon bude ido. Kifi na shrimp na Brine ya wanzu a kan tabkuna na sodium magnesium sulphate kamar Chaplin, Frederick, Ingebright, da Little Manitou.

 Gidan shakatawa na lardin da na kasa 
Saskatchewan tana da wuraren shakatawa na lardin 36 waɗanda ke ba da amfani da nishaɗi ko adana jeji, mahalli na musamman, ko wuraren da ke da muhimmancin tarihi.

Har ila yau, lardin yana da gida biyu daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na kasa 36 na Kanada. Grasslands National Park, wanda ya rufe  kilomita 907 (350 sq  a kudancin lardin, an kafa shi ne a shekarar 1981. Sauran shi ne Gidan shakatawa na Prince Albert wanda ke rufe  kilomita 3,874 (1,496 sq  a tsakiyar Saskatchewan, wanda aka kafa a 1927.

 Yanayin tattalin arziki 
tattalin arzikin Saskatchewan yana da alaƙa da aikin noma wanda ya haifar da sunan Bread Basket of Canada  da Bread Basket na Duniya.  A cewar Gwamnatin Saskatchewan, kusan kashi 95% na duk abubuwan da aka samar a Saskatchew, sun dogara da albarkatun asali da ke cikin lardin. Girbi daban-daban, dabbobi, mai da iskar gas, potash, uranium, itace da masana'antun su suna ciyar da tattalin arziki.

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba