Yakin Daji na Afirka ta Tsakiya

Yakin Bush na Afirka ta Tsakiya  ya kasance yakin basasa a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya wanda ya kasance daga 2004 zuwa 2007 tsakanin 'yan tawayen Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) da sojojin gwamnati. Tawayen dai ya fara ne bayan da François Bozize ya kwace shugabancin kasar a shekara ta 2003 . An fara yaƙin gaske a cikin 2004.  Kimanin mutane 10,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu saboda tashe tashen hankula. 

Tawayen ya kunshi kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da dama, wadanda da dama daga cikinsu ba su da girman gaske kuma aka kafa su a karshen yakin. Baya ga UFDR, rikicin ya hada da Sojojin Jama'a don Maido da Dimokuradiyya (APRD), Groupe d'action Patrique pour la liberation de Centrafrique (GAPLC), Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice (MLCJ), Front démocratique Centrafricain (FDC), da Union of Republican Forces (UFR). 

An rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya da dama don warware rikicin tsakanin 2007 da 2012. Mafi mahimmancin yarjejeniya, Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (wanda aka sanya hannu a Libreville, Gabon, a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2008), ƙungiyoyin ARPD, UFDR, da FDPC ne suka fara sanya hannu. Yarjejeniyar ta yi afuwa ga duk wani abu da aka yi wa jihar gabanin yarjejeniyar, tare da yin kira da a dauki matakin kwance damara da kuma korar tsoffin ‘yan tawaye a cikin al’umma da kuma dakarun CAR na yau da kullum.

Sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar daga baya, ko sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar makamancin haka da gwamnati (misali UFR a ranar 15 ga Disamba 2008). Babban ƙungiyar da ba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya a lokacin ba ita ce CPJP, wacce ta ci gaba da ayyukanta kuma ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnati a ranar 25 ga Agusta 2012. 

 Tsarin lokaci 

 2004 
A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2004, an kashe akalla mutane 20 a wani samame da aka kai a garin Birao da ke arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. 

 2006 
Dubban mutane ne suka yi maci zuwa babban birnin kasar, Bangui, a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba, inda suka roki sojojin gwamnati da su tunkari kungiyar ta UFDR.  An kashe mambobin gwamnati 20, kuma uku ne kawai daga cikin ‘yan tawayen suka mutu a wannan harin.

An kuma tabbatar da cewa, rundunar ta UFDR ta samu damar shiga motoci masu sulke da dama, ciki har da wani jirgin da ya sauka a Birao tun da farko don kawo kayayyaki. 

A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2006, UFDR ta kama wani gari na uku a arewacin CAR, Sam Ouandja .  Kwanaki uku kacal bayan haka, ikirari ya nuna cewa 'yan tawayen sun kama wani gari na hudu, Ouadda . Lokacin da mazauna birnin 20,000 suka ji cewa UFDR za ta kwace garin, tsakanin 5,000 zuwa 10,000 daga cikin mutanen sun gudu, akasarinsu zuwa garuruwan Bambari da Bangui da ke makwabtaka da su. 

A UFDR da aka a gwargwadon rahoto shirin ya mamaye birnin Bria, ko da yake jita-jita kuma goyon bayan cewa wani ƙarin harin na iya faruwa a Ndele .  A cikin watan Disambar 2006, sojojin Chadi a cikin motocin sojoji uku sun kai hari a Bémal, dake kusa da Bétoko, inda suka yi ta harbin kan mai uwa da wabi tare da kwashe shanu 32 daga kauyen, da kayayyakin noma da buhunan gyada. 

 2007 
Abdoulaye Miskine na jam'iyyar FDPC ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnati a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun 2007 a Syrte. Yarjejeniyar dai ta bukaci a dakatar da fadace-fadacen da ake yi, tare da bankado kudaden da ake wa mayakan FDPC da hada kai da FACA, da kwato fursunonin siyasa, da shigar da FDPC cikin gwamnati.

Bayan jiragen Mirage na Faransa sun kai harin bam a hedkwatar UFDR da ke Birao, UFDR da gwamnatin CAR sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Birao a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2007. Wannan yarjejeniya ta tanadi yin afuwa ga UFDR, amincewarta a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa, da shigar da mayakanta cikin sojojin kasa. Sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawayen sun ci gaba da fafatawa da gwamnati. 

A watan Agustan 2007 an nada Miskine a matsayin mai ba shugaban kasa shawara. Miskine ya ki amincewa da nadin, yana mai cewa gwamnati ta karya yarjejeniyar Syrte, musamman ma cewa ba za ta iya kare shi daga tuhumar da kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya ta yi masa ba. Kotun ta fara gudanar da bincike kan laifukan yaki da dama da ake zargin sun faru a lokacin yunkurin juyin mulkin da Bozize ya yi a 2002-03 ga gwamnatin Patasse, inda Miskine ya kasance babban mataimaki. 

 2008 
A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2008 APRD ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da gwamnati a Libreville . An dai kammala yarjejeniyar ne a karkashin inuwar kwamitin wucin gadi na CEmac karkashin jagorancin shugaba Omar Bongo na Gabon . Jean Jacques Demafouth ya sanya hannu a madadin APRD da kuma ministan DDR Cyriaque Gonda a madadin gwamnati. An kafa kwamitin mutum shida domin sa ido kan yadda ake aiwatar da sharuddan yarjejeniyar. 

Yarjejeniyar APRD ta share fagen ci gaba da tattaunawar zaman lafiya. A ranar 21 ga watan Yunin 2008 FDPC ta shiga tsakanin APRD da UFDR wajen rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Libreville, wadda ta sake nanata tare da tsawaita tanade-tanaden da aka cimma a baya.

A ranar 25 ga Agusta 2008 CPJP a ƙarshe ta amince da cikakkiyar yarjejeniya ta Libreville. 

 2011 
CPJP da UFDR sun ci gaba da fafatawa kan sarrafa filayen lu'u-lu'u a yammacin CAR, musamman a kusa da Bria. A cikin watan Afrilu CPJP ta sanar da cewa a shirye ta ke ta kawo karshen fada, amma ta sanya fara tattaunawar zaman lafiya da sharadin da gwamnatin kasar ta bayyana matsayin tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar CPJP Charles Massi, wanda ya bace kuma ake zaton an kashe shi a gidan yarin gwamnati. Bayan tsaurara matakan shiga tsakani na gwamnati da na kasa da kasa, kungiyar CPJP ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta da gwamnati a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni. Ba da daɗewa ba an sake samun tashin hankali kuma an sami rahoton mutuwar mutane fiye da 50 a cikin Satumbar 2011. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba CPJP da UFDR (yanzu masu haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnati) sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a Bangui, suna kira da a kawar da Bria.

 2012 
A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2012, rikicin ya sake barkewa tare da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye suna zargin shugaba Bozize da saba ka'idojin yarjejeniyar da suka kulla a baya. Sabuwar kawancen 'yan tawaye da aka fi sani da Séléka, ta hambarar da Bozize tare da kwace babban birnin kasar, Bangui a ranar 24 ga Maris 2013, kuma jagoran 'yan tawayen Michel Djotodia ya ayyana kansa a matsayin shugaban kasar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . Yakin ya kare.

 Tauye hakkin dan adam da laifuka 

- Shugaban CAR François Bozize 

A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch, an kashe daruruwan fararen hula, an kona gidaje sama da 10,000 sannan kuma mutane kusan 212,000 sun tsere daga gidajensu don rayuwa cikin mawuyacin hali a cikin daji a arewacin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. 

 Bayan haka 
Tattaunawar ta ci gaba da haifar da yarjejeniya a 2008 don sasantawa, gwamnatin hadin kan kasa da zabukan kananan hukumomi a 2009 da zaben 'yan majalisa da na shugaban kasa a 2010;  an kafa sabuwar gwamnati a watan Janairun 2009. 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Rubutun yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, mai samar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba