Karuwanci a Misira

Karuwanci ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Misira. ''Yan sanda na ƙasar Masar a hukumance suna yaki da karuwanci amma, kamar kusan dukkanin sauran kasashe, karuwanci yana nan a Masar. UNAIDS ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai 23,000 a kasar,  gami da Masarawa, Lebanon, Yammacin Afirka da Gabashin Turai.  

 Tarihi 

 Misira ta Dā 
Ba a san komai game da aikin karuwanci a Misira ta dā ba. Turin Erotic Papyrus ya nuna mata - watakila karuwanci - suna yin jima'i da maza. Kayan ado na dindindin na jiki, kamar tattoos a cikin nau'ikan siffofin lu'u-lu'u a kan cinya na siffofi da mummies, ko hotuna na allahn Bes, sun bayyana a kan hotuna na masu ba da nishaɗi da karuwai. Strabo, yana rubutu game da Masar ta Roma, ya lura cewa 'ya'ya mata na iyalai masu daraja za a iya sadaukar da su ga hidimar allahn Amun (ko Zeus); an ce irin wannan yarinya ta zama karuwa, tana yin jima'i da duk wanda ta ji daɗi har zuwa farkon haila.

 Zaman Romawa 
Kamar yadda yake a sauran Daular Romawa, an tsara karuwanci. Dole ne a yi rajistar karuwanci  kuma ana karɓar haraji daga gare su. 

 Zamanin Tsakiya na Musulunci (641-1517) 
A lokacin bautar a duniyar musulmi, karuwanci yana da alaƙa da bautar a Misira. Dokar Musulunci ta haramta karuwanci a hukumance. Koyaya, tunda Dokar Musulunci ta ba da izinin namiji ya yi jima'i da baiwarsa bisa ga ka'idar ƙwaraƙwararru a cikin Islama, karuwanci ya yi aiki ne ta hanyar mai sayar da baiwarsa a kasuwar bayi ga abokin ciniki, wanda aka ba shi izinin yin jima'i tare da ita a matsayin sabon mai shi, sannan ya mayar da mallakarsa ga mai karuwancinta a kan uzuri na rashin jin da ya yi jimaʼi da ita, wanda shine hanyar doka da karuwanci a duniyar Islama har zuwa zamanin Daular Ottoman.

Baya ga bayi mata, duk da haka akwai kuma masu karuwanci kyauta. Ana yarda da karuwanci gabaɗaya kuma ana biyan haraji a wannan lokacin,  masu mulki suna da ra'ayi cewa haramta ba za ta dakatar da karuwancin ba kuma za a rasa kudaden haraji.

Akwai lokutan da aka haramta karuwanci (na masu karuwanci kyauta) biyo bayan matsin lamba a kan sarakuna daga malaman musulmi.

 Mulkin Ottoman (1517-1805) 
An haɗa karuwanci da bautar a zamanin bautar Ottoman Masar. Tun da Dokar Musulunci ta ba da izinin namiji ya yi jima'i da baiwarsa bisa ga ka'idar ƙwaraƙwararru a cikin Islama, karuwanci ya yi aiki ne ta hanyar mai sayar da baiwarsa a kasuwar bawa ga abokin ciniki, wanda aka ba shi izinin yin jima'i tare da ita a matsayin sabon mai shi, sannan ya mayar da mallakarsa ga mai karuwanta a kan uzuri na rashin jin daɗi bayan ya yi jima-ta, wanda shine hanyar doka da yarda da ita don karuwanci a duniyar Islama.

A karkashin mulkin Ottoman, tsari da haraji na (kyauta) karuwai sun ci gaba. A cikin karni na 17 an kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu don karuwanci.

 Kasuwancin Faransa (1798-1801) 
Karuwanci ya bunƙasa bayan mamayar Faransa a Masar a shekara ta 1798. Hukumomin Faransa sun shirya isowar ƙarin karuwai daga Turai. Cutar da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i (STI) ta bazu cikin sauri ta hanyar gidajen karuwai, wanda ya sa gwamnatin Faransa ta kafa dokar da ta hana sojojin Faransa shiga gidajen karuayi ko kawo karuwai a cikin ɗakunan su. Masu karya doka sun fuskanci hukuncin kisa.

 Mulkin daular Muhammad Ali (1805-1953) 
A cikin 1834 Muhammad Ali Pasha ya haramta karuwanci  da rawa na mata a Alkahira. An tura karuwanci da masu rawa zuwa Upper Egypt, musamman Kena, Esna da Aswan. A shekara ta 1837 ya faɗaɗa wannan ga dukan Masar.

Yawancin masu sayarwa da karuwanci waɗanda suka bi sojojin Burtaniya da Faransa zuwa Constantinople a lokacin Yaƙin Crimea a cikin shekarun 1850 sun buɗe gidajen karuwai a Port Said a Misira yayin gina Suez Canal, kuma waɗannan gidajen karuuka sun kasance makoma ga yawancin wadanda ke fama da cinikin fararen bayi, tunda suna ƙarƙashin kariya daga ofisoshin kasashen waje saboda abin da ake kira gata na capitulatory, wanda har zuwa 1937 ya kare su daga 'yan sanda ta hanyar cire' yan asalin Masar daga dokar Masar.

Mataki na 240 na Mixed Penal Code na 1867 ya ce: Wani mai karuwanci wanda ke karfafa samari ko mata a kasa da shekaru 21 zuwa ayyukan mugunta da ke haifar da fyade za a hukunta shi da lokacin ɗaurin kurkuku ba kasa da wata ɗaya ba kuma ba fiye da shekara ɗaya ba.El Saadawi, Narwal (1985). "Prostitution in Egypt" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 22 April 2017. Mataki na 241 ya kara hukuncin idan mahaifin, mahaifiyar ko mai kula da ƙarami ya aikata laifin.

A cikin 1884, Yarjejeniyar Cinikin Bautar Anglo-Masar da Burtaniya ta matsawa Masar a bayyane ta haramta cinikin bayi na jima'i na "fararen mata" zuwa harem="./Slavery_in_Egypt" id="mwng" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Slavery in Egypt">bautar a Misira; wannan dokar an yi niyya ne musamman akan shigo da fararen mata (musamman daga Caucasus kuma yawanci Circassians ta hanyar cinikin bayi Circassian), waɗanda suka fi so ga Ƙwaraƙwarai tsakanin manyan ɗaliban Masar. Yarjejeniyar Cinikin Bauta ta Anglo-Masar ba ta kawar da bautar a Misira ba, amma ta soke cinikin bayi kuma ta ba da damar ga bayi da ke akwai damar yin amfani da su don neman izini a Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya ko a ofisoshin Manumission guda huɗu da aka kafa a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, kuma dubban bayi sun yi amfani da damar  kuma 'yanta mata da yawa kwanan nan sun juya zuwa karuwanci don tsira  Masu kawar da su a Misira sun buɗe gida ga tsoffin bayi mata don taimaka musu da kare su daga faduwar da suka kamu da karuwanci a Misira, wanda a cikin 1908 wanda aka yi wa karuwanci, wanda aka yi amfani da karuwancin
Bayan mamayar Burtaniya ta 1882, hukumomi sun damu game da yaduwar cututtuka tsakanin dakarun. Sun yi tanadi na doka don sarrafa karuwanci kuma sun gabatar da tsarin kiwon lafiya.El Saadawi, Narwal (1985). "Prostitution in Egypt" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 22 April 2017. A watan Yulin 1885 Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Masar ta gabatar da ka'idoji don binciken kiwon lafiya na karuwai. An gabatar da ƙarin ƙa'idodi a cikin 1896 don sarrafa gidajen karuwai.  

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka yi wa wadanda ke fama da fataucin fataucin bautar fataucin jima'i sun kasance gidajen karuwai a Misira waɗanda mazauna kasashen waje ke sarrafawa. An kafa reshe na cikin gida na Ofishin Kasa da Kasa don Cire Traffic in Women a Alexandria a 1904 kuma a Port Said a 1914 don magance batun. Koyaya, ofisoshin jakadancin Turai a Misira ba sa so su goyi bayan doka game da fataucin jima'i saboda zai tsoma baki tare da gata na Capitulatory, kuma masu mallakar gidan karuwai sun kasance daga cikin abokan ciniki na ofisoshin.

Sojojin Australiya da aka kafa a Misira a Yaƙin Duniya na I, gami da sanannen rabin dan wasan Australiya na kasar Sin Billy Sing,  sun kasance manyan abokan ciniki na karuwancin Masar a cikin gundumomin jan haske da gidajen karuwai. Farashin farashi mai yawa da karuwanci suka caje shi a Alkahira ya haifar da Yaƙin Wazzir, babban tashin hankali da sojojin New Zealand da Australiya suka yi wanda ya faru a ranar Jumma'a mai kyau a 1915 a "Haret el Wasser", titin da ke cikin gundumar Wagh El Birket red light .   Sojojin Australiya sun shirya don maganin likita don cututtukan venereal tsakanin sojojinsa a Port Said da Alkahira.

A cikin 1932 dokar majalisa ta soke lasisi don karuwanci kuma ta kafa "Sandan Jama'a".El Saadawi, Narwal (1985). "Prostitution in Egypt" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

An gabatar da sabon dokar azabtarwa a cikin 1937 kuma ya haɗa da wani sashi don azabtar da maza da ke rayuwa daga kuɗin karuwanci.El Saadawi, Narwal (1985). "Prostitution in Egypt" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

A cikin 1949 an bayar da Dokar Soja ta 76 don kawar da gidajen karuwai.El Saadawi, Narwal (1985). "Prostitution in Egypt" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

Dokar No. 68, an gabatar da ita a cikin 1951, tana hukuntawa: El Saadawi, Narwal (1985). "Prostitution in Egypt" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

 Ayyukan karuwanci idan ana yin su a al'ada
 Ayyukan karuwanci ko maza ko mata ne ke gudanarwa.  (An yi amfani da kalmar karuwanci game da mata; ga maza kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce laushi.) 
 Ayyukan da ke sa wasu su shiga karuwanci
 Kasuwancin duniya na karuwanci (bautar fari) 
 Samar da gidaje ko wasu wurare inda karuwanci za su iya ci gaba da kasuwancin su
 Tallace-tallace na karuwanci ko a bayyane ko a ɓoye.

Dillancin Karuwanci
Tsarin karuwanci a Masar galibi yana dogara da dillanci, ko da yake mata kan yi aikin su su kaɗai. Dillalan karuwanci a Masar su ne ke tsara aikin rukunin karuwai, sannan su rika karɓar wani kaso daga ribar da karuwai ke samu. Ana kiran wannan tsari da "ƙungiya" a Masar. Wannan tsari yafi yawan amfani a biranen Cairo da Alexandria da sauran manyan birane.

Nikah mut'ah
Nikah mut'ah wani aure na ɗan lokaci ne da addinin Shi'a na Musulunci ya yarda da shi. Wannan aure zai iya ɗaukar lokaci daga awa ɗaya zuwa shekara guda. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da shi don kaucewa dokokin da suka hana karuwanci.

Auren bazara
Maza masu kuɗi daga ƙasashen yankin Tekun Farsas kan yi hutu a Masar a watannin bazara. A lokacin, su kan ɗauki ƙaramar amarya na ɗan lokaci (sau da yawa yarinya ƙasa da shekara) cikin abin da ake kira auren bazara. Ana shirya auren ta hanyar dillalin aure, inda iyayen yarinya ke karɓar kyaututtuka da kuɗi a matsayin kudin aure. Auren yana ƙarewa da zarar mazan sun koma ƙasashensu.

Karuwanci a cikin tattalin arziki
Tunda karuwanci haramun ne a Misira, ba a biya haraji. Hukuncin doka ga zina shine zaman gidan kaso har zuwa watanni shida. Ga karuwanci, hukuncin yana iya kaiwa shekaru 3.

Fasa-kauri na jima'i

Misira tana matsayin kasa mai samarwa, wucewa, da kuma karɓar mata da yara waɗanda ake wa fasa-kaurin jima'i. Yara na kasar Misira suna cikin hatsarin fadawa cikin fasa-kauri na jima'i. Mutane daga yankin Gulf kamar Saudiyya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Kuwait suna sayen matan Misira da 'yan mata domin "auren ɗan lokaci" ko "auren rani" don biyan bukatun jima'i, ciki har da fasa-kauri; iyayen waɗanda abin ya shafa da masu hada aure sukan taimaka wajen tsara hakan, suna amfana da ciniki. Yawon shakatawa na jima'i da yara na faruwa musamman a biranen Cairo, Alexandria, da Luxor.

Mata da 'yan mata, ciki har da 'yan gudun hijira da masu ƙaura, daga Asia, Afirka ta Kudu da Gabas ta Tsakiya, suna fama da fasa-kaurin jima'i a Misira. A shekarar 2018, 'yan gudun hijirar Syria da suka zauna a Misira sun ci gaba da kasancewa cikin hadari na cin zarafi, ciki har da fasa-kauri da kuma auren ciniki wanda ke iya haifar da cin zarafi na jima'i.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka da Ofishin Kula da Yakinta da Fasa-kauri sun sa Misira a matakin 'Tier 2' na rahoton fasa-kaurin mutane.

 Manazarta 

Majiya
"Sex Tourism in Cairo" by Karim el-Gawhary, Middle East Report, Vol. 25, no. 5, September–October 1995; hosted by Hartford Web Publishing
"In Egypt, 'Prostitute' Is a Slippery Term" by L.L. Wynn, American Sexuality magazine, 26 June 2008

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