Jamhuriyar Kongo (Léopoldville)

Jamhuriyar Kongo (Faransanci: République du Congo) jiha ce a lokacin tarihin Jamhuriwar Demokradiyyar Kongo tsakanin 1960 da 1971. Tana cikin Afirka ta Tsakiya, an kirkiro jihar ne tare da 'yancin kai na Belgian Congo a shekarar 1960. Daga 1960 zuwa 1966, an kuma san ƙasar da Congo-Léopoldville (bayan babban birninta) don rarrabe ta daga maƙwabcinta na arewa maso yamma, wanda kuma ake kira , wanda aka fi sani da "Congo-Brazzaville". A shekara ta 1964, an canza sunan hukuma na jihar zuwa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, https://web.archive.org/web/20080921080531/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+zr0146) https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-96359 amma kasashen biyu sun ci gaba da rarrabe su da manyan biranen su; tare da sake sunan Léopoldville a matsayin Kinshasa a shekarar 1966, an kuma san shi da Congo-Kinshasa . Bayan Joseph Désiré Mobutu, babban kwamandan sojojin kasa, ya kwace iko da gwamnati a shekarar 1965, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta zama Jamhuriyar Zaire a shekarar 1971; amma an mayar da ita ga Jamhuriyan Demokradiyar Congo a shekarar 1997. Lokacin tsakanin 1960 zuwa 1964 ana kiransa Jamhuriyar Kongo ta farko.

Mulkin mallaka
Yanayi a Kongo ya inganta bayan da gwamnatin Belgium ta mamaye Congo Free State a 1908, wanda ya kasance mallakar sarki na Belgium. An koyar da wasu yarukan Bantu a makarantun firamare, wani abu mai ban sha'awa a ilimin mulkin mallaka. Likitocin mulkin mallaka sun rage yaduwar Tripanosomiasis na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da cutar barci.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ƙananan sojojin Kongo sun sami nasarori da yawa a kan Italiyanci a Gabashin Afirka. Belgian Congo, wanda kuma yana da wadataccen ajiyar uranium, ya samar da uranium wanda Amurka ta yi amfani da shi don gina makaman nukiliya da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bama-bamai na Hiroshima da Nagasaki a watan Agusta 1945.

Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta aiwatar da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki iri-iri don inganta ababen more rayuwa: jiragen kasa, tashar jiragen ruwa, hanyoyi, ma'adinai, shuke-shuke da wuraren masana'antu. Mutanen Kongo, duk da haka, ba su da ikon siyasa kuma sun fuskanci nuna bambanci na doka. Dukkanin manufofin mulkin mallaka an yanke shawarar su a Brussels da Léopoldville. Sakataren mulkin mallaka na Belgium da Gwamna Janar, wanda ba a zaba ba daga mutanen Kongo, yana da cikakken iko.

Daga cikin mutanen Kongo, juriya ga mulkin da ba na dimokuradiyya ba ya karu da lokaci. A shekara ta 1955, manyan 'yan Kongo (wanda ake kira "évolués"), da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami ilimi a Turai, sun fara kamfen don kawo karshen rashin daidaito.
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