Yaƙin Nyala

Yakin Nyala yaki ne na iko da Nyala, babban birnin Darfur ta Kudu a Sudan, tsakanin dakarun sa kai na Rapid Support Forces (RSF), da sojojin Sudan a lokacin yakin neman zabe na Darfur . Yaƙin farko ya faru ne tsakanin 15 zuwa 20 ga Afrilu 2023, inda aka ba da rahoton mutuwar ɗaruruwa.  Wata yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da farar hula ta yi ta dakatar da fadan a ranar 20 ga Afrilu. Rikicin lokaci-lokaci ya barke tsakanin watan Mayu da Yuli. A watan Agustan 2023, RSF ta kaddamar da farmaki kan birnin.  SAF ta kaddamar da yakin sama da RSF a Nyala, tare da jikkata fararen hula da dama a Taiba da El Matar. A ƙarshen Satumba, RSF ta kewaye hedkwatar hedkwatar Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 16 ta SAF, ta kama shi a ranar 26 ga Oktoba.

 Gabatarwa 
A farkon safiya na 15 ga Afrilu 2023, sojoji masu aminci ga Sojojin Taimako da Saurin Gudanarwa sun fara jerin hare-hare a kan manyan gine-gine a Khartoum, da farko filin jirgin saman Khartoom. Yayinda RSF ta kama filin jirgin sama na kasa da kasa, yaƙe-yaƙe na titi sun ci gaba a ko'ina cikin Khartoum da biranen da ke makwabtaka da Omdurman da Bahri .  RSF ta kuma kwace fadar shugaban kasa, gidan tsohon shugaban Sudan Omar al-Bashir, kuma ta kai hari kan sansanin soja. Masu amfani a Facebook Live da Twitter sun rubuta Sojojin Sama na Sudan da ke tashi sama da birnin, kuma suna kai hari kan manufofin RSF.

 Asalin a Darfur 
Tarihin rikice-rikice a Sudan ya kunshi mamayewar kasashen waje da juriya, tashin hankali na kabilanci, rikice-rikicen addini, da gasa kan albarkatu. A cikin tarihin zamani, yaƙe-yaƙe biyu tsakanin gwamnatin tsakiya da Yankunan kudanci sun kashe mutane miliyan 1.5, kuma Darfur" id="mwbw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="War in Darfur">ci gaba da rikici a yankin yammacin Darfur ya kori mutane miliyan biyu kuma ya kashe fiye da mutane 200,000. Tun lokacin da aka sami 'yancin kai a 1956, Sudan ta sami sauye-sauyen soja sama da goma sha biyar  kuma sojoji ne suka mallake ta ga mafi yawan kasancewar jamhuriya, tare da gajeren lokaci na mulkin majalisa na dimokuradiyya. 

 Kafin Yaƙin 
Nyala na ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren mafaka a Darfur a lokacin Yaƙi a Darfur, kuma sojojin da ke yaƙi sun yi niyya sosai. Wannan ya sa Nyala ta zama birni mai yawan yaƙe-yaƙe da yaƙe- yaƙe-yanƙe tsakanin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.

 Jerin lokaci 

 Yaƙin Nyala na farko (Afrilu 15-20) 
Rikicin ya fara da sassafe a ranar 15 ga Afrilu. Saboda barkewar fada, an rufe dukkan kasuwanni da makarantu a Nyala, kuma an bukaci fararen hula su zauna a gidajensu. Asibitin Nyala ya bayyana cewa an kashe fararen hula shida a farkon rikice-rikicen. Yawancin rikice-rikice sun faru ne a cikin birni, kuma wani hari a kasuwar al-Malja ya kashe mutane uku. SAF ta kuma yi iƙirarin hana wani hari da RSF ta kai a Filin jirgin saman Nyala da kuma sansanonin kwamandojin yankin Sudan da ke kusa da shi. Akalla mutane goma sha ɗaya ne aka kashe a Nyala da Khartoum, kuma sama da goma sha shida sun ji rauni, a Nyala a ranar farko ta fada. Sauran masu sa ido na cikin gida sun yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe mutane 22 a ranar farko kawai.

A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, Nyala ta yi rikodin mafi yawan wadanda suka mutu a cikin fada, kuma rikice-rikice sun faru a sansanonin SAF da kusa da asibitin Nyala. RSF ta mallaki Filin jirgin saman Nyala a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, bayan wani hari na minti 90 da ya tura sojojin Sudan zuwa unguwanni na gabashin birnin. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe a Kabkabiya, an kashe ma'aikatan taimakon Shirin Abinci na Duniya guda uku, wanda ya sa kungiyar ta dakatar da duk ayyukan da ke Darfur, gami da Nyala. Ba a san komai game da ci gaba da kai hare-hare a ranar 16 ga Afrilu ko yawan mutuwar fararen hula ba, saboda hazo na yaƙi.  

RSF ta kwace ofisoshin hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da yawa a Nyala, gami da WFP, UNHCR, da UNICEF.  Likitocin Sans Frontières sun ba da rahoton cewa ba za su iya gudanar da ayyukan agaji a cikin birni ba, saboda an sace ofisoshin su a Nyala. RSF kuma ta kama Ma'aikatar Kudi ta Kudu Darfur a wannan rana, kuma rikice-rikice tsakanin sojojin soja da RSF a unguwanni na El Wadi, El Geer, da El Sereif sun sa fararen hula su gudu. An kuma yanke sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na El-Salam, kusa da Nyala, daga kayan aiki saboda fada. RSF kuma ta karfafa iko a kan hedkwatar rundunar soja ta Sudan ta 7th Regiment . 

A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, fada ya ragu a wani bangare, kuma ba a san 'yan bindiga a kan rickshaws da ake zargi da alaƙa da RSF sun yi sintiri da birnin, suna satar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma sace kasuwanci.Bergman, Andrew (17 April 2023).  An yi sata ne a Nyala Crops Exchange da hedikwatar 'yan sanda, a yankin masana'antu na birnin. Da yammacin Afrilu 18, Asibitin Tsakiya na Nyala ya daina aiki saboda rashin wutar lantarki. An kawo marasa lafiya da suka ji rauni zuwa asibitin koyarwa na Nyala da asibitin Sudanese-Turkish, sauran asibitoci biyu da ke aiki a cikin birni. Sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, gami da MSF, sun dakatar da ayyukan saboda rashin iya isa ga fararen hula ta hanyar fada. Yawancin fadace-fadace sun ci gaba da faruwa a kusa da Filin jirgin saman Nyala da kuma rundunar sojojin Sudan ta 16th Division a kusa da shi.

Ƙarin rahotanni game da 'yan bindiga na RSF sun fito a Nyala a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, yayin da tashin hankali ya ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, Sojojin Sudan sun mallaki sansanin soja na 16, kuma RSF ta mallaki filin jirgin sama, tare da mazaunin da ya bayyana cewa "suna da kashi 50-50 cikin dari na yankin. "  Ranar ta kasance mai natsuwa a cikin birni, kodayake da dare, zanga-zangar fararen hula ta faru a unguwanni da RSF da SAF. 

A ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu, farar hula ta dakatar da fada tsakanin RSF da SAF.  Asibitin Tsakiya na Nyala ya sake fara aiki, yayin da wutar lantarki ta koma birnin. Wasu fada sun ci gaba a arewacin birnin daga baya a ranar, kuma ba a kwashe shingen farar hula ba. A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, sojojin RSF sun kasance a unguwanni na El Matar, El Riyadh, da El Malja kusa da filin jirgin sama. RSF kuma tana kula da ayyukan leken asiri na Kudancin Darfur da hedkwatar 'yan sanda ta Nyala, a gabashin birnin. SAF suna kula da makamai da yawa, ma'aikatu, da hedkwatar sojoji.

 Harkokin tsagaita wuta a cikin tasiri (Afrilu 21-Mayu 5) 
Harin ya ci gaba da ci gaba har zuwa watan Mayu. Asibitin Turkiyya a Nyala ya ba da sanarwar cewa yankin da ke kusa da asibitin ya rage raguwa kuma yawancin asibitoci suna iya komawa aiki.[1] An ƙone Ma'aikatar Ilimi a cikin birni a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, duk da tsagaita wuta.[2] Fararen hula sun tattara gawawwaki takwas a cikin kwanaki bayan yakin a yankunan da ba su iya isa ba saboda fada.[3] Kasuwar ma ta dawo, kodayake farashin sun yi yawa. A halin yanzu, an saki fursunoni a gidan yarin Nyala saboda rashin abinci da isasshen kayayyaki don riƙe su.[3] Adadin wadanda suka mutu na wucin gadi na yakin ya ga sama da fararen hula 60 da aka kashe, kuma 279 suka ji rauni.

Rikicin ya ɓarke a karo na biyu a Nyala a ranar 6 ga Mayu, bayan da mayakan RSF suka yi ƙoƙari su yi fashi da ɗakunan ajiya a cikin unguwar al-Nahba da ke ƙarƙashin ikon SAF.SudanTribune (6 May 2023).  Yaƙin ya bazu zuwa wasu unguwa biyu. A ranar 7 ga watan Mayu, Al Jazeera ta ba da rahoton cewa sojojin Sudan sun kori RSF daga Nyala. Bayan haka, sata ya tashi sosai a cikin birni, kuma kasuwanni da yawa sun rufe.

 Rikice-rikice masu yawan faruwa (18 Mayu–8 Agusta) 
A ranar 15 ga Mayu, shugabanni 80 na kabilun Kudancin Darfur sun rattaba hannu a kan wata takarda da ke bukatar RSF da SAF su daina fada. Duk da haka, fada ta sake barkewa a ranar 18 ga Mayu a Babban Bankin Nyala bayan wasu sojojin RSF da suka fusata sun gwabza da dakarun SAF da ke karɓar albashi. A ranar da ta gabata, rashin amincewar Abdel Fattah al-Burhan da RSF ya hana sojojin RSF karɓar albashin gwamnati. A ranar 21 ga Mayu, yan bindiga daga RSF sun yi wa 'yan mata 24 fyade a otal ɗin Aldaman, ciki har da wasu 'yan mata da shekarunsu suka kai 14 kacal. Wasu daga cikinsu sun samu damar tserewa. A faɗar ranar 19 ga Mayu, yan RSF sun kutsa ofisoshin kungiyoyin agaji, suna sata, yayin da fararen hula suka yi shinge da kuma tono rami a unguwanninsu don hana hare-haren RSF.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu, kauyen Abu Adam da ke kusa da Nyala an kona shi, wanda hotunan tauraron dan adam suka nuna a ƙarshen watan. Haka kuma, kasuwanni da dama a cikin birnin an cinna musu wuta, inda mazauna suka bayyana cewa famfunan ruwa sun daina aiki. Fada ta sake ɓarke a Nyala a ranar 23 ga Mayu, inda mutane 28 suka mutu tsakanin 20 da 23 ga Mayu. Bayan wasu kwanaki, an gano karin gawawwaki a kasuwar Nyala. A lokacin, Nyala na fama da matsalar intanet saboda hare-haren RSF a kan turakun Sudatel da ke wajen birnin. Masu fafutuka sun bayyana cewa ‘yan gudun hijira 600,000 ba su da taimako a cikin birnin.

A ranar 29 ga Mayu, wani malami da ya tsere daga unguwar El Wadi a Nyala ya ce harin bama-bamai yana ci gaba a wajen birnin, inda SAF ke rike da tsakiyar birni da gada. Malamin ya kuma ce ‘yan gudun hijira da dama sun koma kudu, musamman a makarantar fasaha ta Karari. Rikice-rikice masu yawan faruwa sun sake ɓarkewa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, a babban kasuwa bayan wasu ‘yan bindiga da ba a san ko su waye ba sun yi fashi a shaguna. A faɗar, Osman Hamed, darektan kudi na yankin Arewa Nyala, ya rasa ransa. A ranar 25 ga Yuni, fada mai tsanani ta sake ɓarkewa, inda mutane 21 suka mutu. A sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira na Otash, mutane 9 sun jikkata. Ginin gidan kayan tarihi na Nyala ya sami rauni sakamakon harin makami, inda masana suka nuna damuwa kan yiwuwar lalacewar abubuwan tarihi a ciki. Tsakanin 22 zuwa 26 ga Yuli, mutane 30 sun mutu a faɗar.

 Hari na watan Agusta 
Bayan haka, komai ya lafa har zuwa ranar 9 ga Agusta, lokacin da mutane biyu suka mutu sakamakon sake barkewar fada, inda sama da mutane 100 suka jikkata. 

Ranar 12 ga Agusta, mazauna yankin sun bayyana karuwar harbe-harbe da luguden wuta sosai, inda suka ce “roka-roka suna saukowa a kan gidaje.” 

Ranar 14 ga Agusta, cikin kwanaki biyar kacal da fara rikicin, asibitin El Wahda ya bayar da rahoton mutane 30 da aka harba da bindiga, yayin da RSF ta ce mutane 43 sun mutu daga cikin fararen hula. 

Luguden wuta ya fi shafa unguwannin Karari, West Valley, da Texas — dukkansu kusa da hedkwatar Rundunar Sojin Kasa ta 16 (16th Infantry Division).

Kisan gilla a gadar Taiba

An kashe mutane arba'in da biyu, galibi mata da yara, a wani harin sama a ranar 23 ga Agusta, yayin da suke fakewa a ƙarƙashin gadar Taiba saboda an toshe yawancin hanyoyin fita da shiga birnin. An kashe iyalai biyar, kuma da yawa sun rasa membobi 3-4 kowanne. Yawancin waɗanda aka kashe sun fito daga unguwannin Taiba da El Sikka Hadid, inda RSF ta kwace Taiba kwanan nan. Harin sama shine mafi girman adadin mutuwa a rana guda a yaƙin Nyala. Ahmed Gouja, ɗan jarida da ke Nyala, ya bayyana cewa kisan gilla a gadar Taiba ba shine kaɗai ba a birnin yayin sabon faɗan, amma sauran ba za a iya isa gare su ba ko samun labari game da su saboda arangamar. RSF sun zargi SAF da harba bama-bamai ba gaira ba dalili a unguwar Taiba da RSF ke iko da ita, kuma sun aikata kisan gilla a gadar Taiba. Sojojin Sudan ba su fitar da sanarwa game da harin sama ba.

A wannan ranar, ayarin motocin Joint Darfur Force sun isa Nyala don kai agaji ga fararen hula, inda kwamandan, Laftanar Kanar Hussein Yaqoub, ya bayyana cewa dakarun suna tsaka-tsaki sosai. Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sudan ta yi Allah wadai da isowar JDF, suna masu iƙirarin cewa sun bayyana ne kawai bayan an yi kisan kiyashi. Médecins Sans Frontières sun bayyana cewa duk ma'aikatan su a Nyala ba su iya barin wuri ba, kuma an kai musu hari a gidajensu ta hanyar mayaka da fararen hula da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin garkuwa. Zuwa farkon Satumba, el-Texas, el-Karari, da kuma yankunan kudancin birnin sune manyan wuraren faɗa, inda mazauna yankin suka bayyana cewa yawancin Nyala birni ne na fatalwa saboda harba bama-bamai ba gaira ba dalili da kuma kutsen RSF cikin gidajen fararen hula. An maido da sabis na wayar hannu a ranar 11 ga Satumba.

 Harin Sama a Nyala na Satumba 2023 

A ranar 13 ga Satumba, hare-haren sama da SAF ta kai kan kasuwanni biyu a Nyala sun kashe wasu mutane 40, mafi yawan waɗanda aka kashe tun bayan hare-haren sama da suka fara a birnin a ranar 3 ga Satumba, Harin sama ya faru ne a unguwannin El Matar da Texas. An lalata gidaje da shaguna da yawa, kuma zuwa ranar 14 ga Satumba, an bar gawawwaki da yawa a ƙarƙashin tarkace. Babban kasuwar da aka kai hari ita ce kasuwar El Malja.

Kewaye Hedikwatar Sojojin Kasa ta 16 (23 ga Satumba–26 ga Oktoba)
An sabunta faɗa a Nyala a ranar 22 ga Satumba, tare da katsewar intanet a yayin rahotannin kewaye birnin da RSF suka yi. Zuwa ranar 25 ga Satumba, faɗan ya ci gaba yayin da SAF suka fatattaki manyan hare-haren RSF. An kashe mutum ɗaya a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Otash a cikin faɗan na ranar 25 ga wata, wanda ya kawo adadin fararen hula da suka mutu a sansanin zuwa 29 da aka kashe kuma 45 sun ji rauni tun lokacin da aka fara yaƙin. Abdelrahim Dagalo, ɗan'uwan shugaban RSF Hemedti, yana Nyala yana jagorantar dakarun RSF a cikin birnin da kewaye a ƙarshen Satumba.

A farkon Oktoba, sojoji a Hedikwatar Sojojin Kasa ta 16 sun yi iƙirarin sun fatattaki wani babban hari na RSF a sansanin, wanda ya bar RSF da asarar rayuka masu yawa. A cikin ƙarin hare-haren bama-bamai a sansanin, unguwannin El Jir da El Nahda sun lalace. Yawancin mazauna kudancin Nyala sun koma unguwannin arewa kamar Texas, Karari, da Taiba, yayin da kewaye RSF ya ƙara tsananta.

RSF sun ƙaddamar da babban hari a ranakun 23 da 24 ga Oktoba, inda suka kama asibitin sojoji na SAF, wurin ajiyar mai na SAF, da kuma cibiyar talabijin ta Nyala, inda suka kewaye hedkwatar Hedikwatar Sojojin Kasa ta 16 gabaɗaya. A harin, fararen hula sun bayyana cewa sun binne gawawwaki 32. Unguwannin da ke kewaye da Hedikwatar Sojojin Kasa ta 16 sun zama kufai. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, RSF sun kama kuma suka shiga hedkwatar Hedikwatar Sojojin Kasa ta 16, wanda shine sansanin SAF na ƙarshe. Kwacen ya tabbatar da iko RSF a kan dukkanin Nyala. Bidiyo da suka fito bayan kwacen sun nuna gawawwakin sojojin SAF da aka kashe da yawa a sansanin. RSF sun yi iƙirarin cewa a harin, an kashe sojojin SAF 2,000.

 Bayan nan 
Bayan kwace Nyala, bidiyoyi sun fito da ke nuna mayakan RSF suna kashe mambobin Sudan Liberation Army - Transitional Council (SLA-TC). Har ila yau, an gwabza faɗa tsakanin RSF da Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces karkashin jagorancin al-Tahir Hajar a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, inda kungiyar ta yi ikirarin cewa an kashe mayaka 15 a faɗan a Nyala.

Abdelrahim Dagalo, bayan kwace birnin, ya yi ikirarin cewa RSF za su yi ƙoƙarin dakatar da rikice-rikice tsakanin sojojin SAF da suka rage. Mayakan SAF da yawa sun sauya sheka zuwa RSF - aƙalla 60 - bayan tattaunawa da Dagalo da wakilan Misseriya. Sai dai, kwamandan SAF a lokacin faɗuwar birnin, Hussein Mohamed Jawdat, bai yi tattaunawa ba.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba