Rushewar kai tsaye

rushewa kai tsaye shine rushewa a asalin tashar rafi, wanda ke haifar da asalin ya koma baya daga jagorancin rafi, yana tsawaita tashar rafin.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Ed, Stephen Marshak Hakanan yana iya nufin fadada wani Canyon ta hanyar rushewa tare da gefen samansa, lokacin da takalma na ruwa suka fara shiga canyon daga wani wuri mai zurfi a sama da shi, kamar a Canyonlands National Park a Utah. Lokacin da takalma na ruwa a kan wani wuri mai laushi ya fara shiga cikin rami a ciki, wannan yana lalata saman gefen rami. An tilasta wa rafin ya girma ya fi tsayi a saman rafin, wanda ke motsa asalinsa, ko kuma ya sa rafin da rafin ya kafa ya girma yayin da tsarin ya sake maimaitawa. Faɗakar da canyon ta hanyar rushewa a cikin canyon, a ƙasa da gefen canyon, ko asali ko rafi, kamar rushewar da ruwa ya haifar a ciki, ba a kira shi rushewar kai tsaye ba.

rushewa kai tsaye tsari ne na rushewar ruwa wanda ke tsawaita rafi, kwarin ko kwari a kansa kuma yana fadada tafkin ruwa. kogin ya lalace a dutse da ƙasa a kan ruwa a wata hanya da ta dace da cewa yana gudana. Da zarar rafi ya fara yankewa, rushewar tana hanzarta ta hanyar tsayin da ruwa ke gudana. Yayin da ruwa ke lalata hanyar daga asalin ruwa zuwa bakinsa a cikin ruwa mai tsaye, yana ƙoƙarin yanke hanyar da ba ta da zurfi. Wannan yana haifar da karuwar lalacewa a sassa mafi tsawo, wanda shine lalacewar kai tsaye. Idan wannan ya ci gaba da isasshen lokaci, zai iya haifar da rafi ya shiga cikin ruwa mai makwabta kuma ya kamawa magudanar ruwa wanda a baya ya gudana zuwa wani rafi.

Misali, rushewar ruwa ta Kogin Shenandoah, wani yanki na Kogin Potomac a cikin jihar Virginia ta Amurka, ya ba da damar Shenandoah ya kama sassan asali na Beaverdam Creek, Gap Run da Goose Creek, ƙananan yankuna uku na Potomac. Yayin da kowane kamawa ya kara da ruwan Shenandoah, ko fitarwa, ya hanzarta tsarin rushewa har sai Shenandoah ya kama duk magudanar ruwa zuwa Potomac yammacin Dutsen Blue Ridge.Judson, Sheldon; Kauffman, M.E. (1990). Physical geology (8th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. pp. 288–289. ISBN 0-13-666405-9.

 Nau'ikan rafi da aka kirkira ta hanyar rushewa zuwa gaba 
An kafa nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa guda uku ta hanyar rushewar kai tsaye: raƙuman da ba su da tushe, raƙuman raƙuman leƙuman da ke biyowa (Dubi Yanayin ruwa na raƙuman). Raƙuman ruwa masu zuwa suna samuwa ta hanyar rushuwar kai tsaye, yawanci daga kwararar ruwa a saman ƙasa. Ruwa yana tattarawa a cikin tashoshi inda saurin da ƙarfin rushewa ke ƙaruwa, yankewa da faɗaɗa kawunan gullies. koguna masu zuwa sun samo asali ne ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓen rushewar kai ta hanyar yankewa a ƙananan duwatsu masu tsayayya a cikin ƙasa. Koguna masu saurin gaske da na baya suna samuwa bayan lokaci a cikin wani yanki na koguna masu sauka ko na gaba. Koguna masu yawa sune koguna marasa ruwa waɗanda yanzu suna gudana a wata hanya da ta saba da tsarin ruwa na asali. Koguna masu bincike sune koguna masu zuwa waɗanda suka canza shugabanci daga tsarin magudanar su na asali.

 Tsarin zubar da ruwa da aka kirkira ta hanyar rushewar kai 
Rushewar kai tsaye yana haifar da manyan nau'ikan magudanar ruwa guda uku: alamu na dendritic, alamu na trellis, da alamu na rectangular da kusurwa.

 Tsarin Dendritic ya samo asali ne a cikin siffofi masu kama da juna inda dutsen da ke ƙasa ba shi da ikon sarrafawa akan inda ruwa ke gudana. Suna da tsari na musamman na rassa a kusurwoyi masu tsayi ba tare da wani tsari na yau da kullun ko irin wannan maimaitawa ba.
 Tsarin Trellis ya samo asali ne inda dutsen da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan dutse masu rauni da ƙarfi. Tsarin trellis ya yanke zurfi a cikin dutse mai rauni, kuma ana nuna shi da kusan koguna masu layi daya waɗanda ke reshe a kusurwoyi mafi girma.
 Tsarin rectangular da angular suna nunawa ta hanyar rassan masu ba da gudummawa a kusan kusurwoyi na dama da masu ba da izini waɗanda kansu ke nuna kusurwar kusurwar dama a cikin tashoshin su. Wadannan yawanci suna samuwa a cikin dutsen da aka haɗa, gadaje masu laushi tare da haɗin gwiwa ko kuskuren haɗuwa.

Hakanan za'a iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan nau'ikan magudanar ruwa guda huɗu: alamu na radial, alamu na annular, alamu masu tsakiya da alamu masu layi daya.

 Alamu na radial suna nunawa ta hanyar kwararar ruwa daga wani tsakiya, kamar saukowa da sabon dutsen wuta ko kuma wani dome mai shigowa.
 Hanyoyin da aka tsara a kan rufin da ke sauyawa da raunin da ke da ƙarfi. Tsarin da aka kafa yayi kama da na bullseye idan aka kalli daga sama, yayin da duwatsun da suka raunana suka lalace kuma an bar mafi wuya a wurin.
 Tsarin Centripetal ya samo asali ne inda ruwa ke gudana cikin wuri na tsakiya, kamar a cikin karst limestone inda ruwa ke kwarara cikin ramin ruwa sannan a karkashin kasa.
 Alamu masu layi daya ba su da yawa kuma suna samuwa a kan gangaren yanki ko siffofin shimfidar wuri. Yawanci ana iyakance su ne ga karamin yanki.

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