Tsarin Mulki

'Kundin tsarin mulki shine jimillar ka'idoji na asali ko kafaffen abubuwan da suka zama tushen doka na wata hukuma, kungiya ko wani nau'in mahalli, kuma galibi yana tantance yadda za'a gudanar da wannan hukumaThe New Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edn., Erin McKean (editor), 2051 pp., 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6.

Lokacin da aka rubuta waɗannan ƙa'idodin cikin takarda ɗaya ko jerin takaddun doka, ana iya cewa waɗannan takaddun sun ƙunshi rubutaccen tsarin mulki; idan an haɗa su a cikin cikakkiyar takarda guda ɗaya, an ce ta ƙunshi tsarin mulki da aka tsara. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya babban misali ne na kundin tsarin mulkin da ba a canza shi ba; A maimakon haka an rubuta shi a cikin wasu muhimman ayyuka na majalisa, shari'o'in kotu, da yarjejeniyoyin.R (HS2 Action Alliance Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport

Kundin tsarin mulki ya shafi matakai daban-daban na kungiyoyi, daga ƙasashe masu iko zuwa kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyin da ba su haɗa kai ba. Yarjejeniyar da ta kafa kungiya ta duniya ita ma kundin tsarin mulkinta ne, ta yadda za ta ayyana yadda kungiyar ta kasance. A cikin jihohi, tsarin mulki ya bayyana ka'idodin da ƙasa ta dogara da su, tsarin da aka yi dokoki, da kuma ta wa. Wasu kundin tsarin mulki, musamman na kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, su ma suna aiki ne a matsayin masu takaita ikon kasa, ta hanyar kafa layukan da masu mulkin kasa ba za su iya bi ba, kamar hakkoki na asali. Canje-canje ga kundin tsarin mulki akai-akai yana buƙatar yarjejeniya ko babban rinjaye.King, Brett W. "The Use of Supermajority Provisions in the Constitution: The Framers, The Federalist Papers and the Reinforcement of a Fundamental Principle." Seton Hall Const. LJ 8 (1997): 363.

Asalin suna
Kalmar kundin tsarin mulki ta zo ta hanyar Faransanci daga kalmar Latin constitutio, da aka yi amfani da ita don ƙa'idodi da umarni, kamar dokokin mulkin mallaka (constitutiones principis: edicta, mandata, decreta, rescripta).Mousourakis, George (December 12, 2003). The Historical and Institutional Context of Roman Law. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754621140 – via Google Books ] Daga baya, an yi amfani da kalmar sosai a cikin dokokin canon don yanke shawara mai mahimmanci, musamman ma dokar da Paparoma ya bayar, wanda yanzu ake magana da shi a matsayin tsarin mulkin manzanni.

William Blackstone ya yi amfani da kalmar don gagarumin cin zarafi na amanar jama'a, na yanayi da kuma iyakar cewa ƙetare zai ba da hujjar mayar da martani na juyin juya hali. Kalmar kamar yadda Blackstone ya yi amfani da ita ba don rubutun shari'a ba ne, kuma bai yi nufin haɗawa da ra'ayi na shari'a na Amurka daga baya ba: "domin wannan shine ya sanya ikon shari'a fiye da na majalisa, wanda zai zama mai rushe dukkan gwamnati"Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law

Gabaɗaya fasali
Gabaɗaya, kowane rubutaccen tsarin mulki na zamani yana ba da takamaiman iko ga ƙungiya ko hukuma, bisa ƙa'ida ta farko ta bi ƙa'idodin tsarin mulki. A cewar Scott Gordon, ƙungiyar siyasa tana da tsarin mulki har ta yadda "ta ƙunshi hanyoyin sarrafa iko don kare muradun jama'a da 'yancin ɗan adam, gami da waɗanda za su iya kasancewa cikin tsiraru".Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today

Manazarta