Bibi Titi Mohammed

Bibi Titi Mohammed (Yuni 1926 - 5 Nuwamba 2000) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar gwagwarmayar Tanzaniya. An haife ta a watan Yuni 1926 a Dar es Salaam, a lokacin babban birnin tsohuwar Tanganyika. Da farko an ɗauke ta a matsayin mai gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci kuma ta goyi bayan shugaban farko na Tanzaniya Julius Nyerere. Bibi Titi Mohammed mamba ce a kungiyar Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), jam'iyyar da ta yi gwagwarmayar kwato 'yancin kan Tanzaniya, kuma ta riƙe muƙaman minista daban-daban.   A cikin watan Oktoba 1969, an yanke mata hukuncin cin amanar ƙasa, kuma, bayan shekaru biyu a gidan yari, ta sami gafarar shugaban ƙasa.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Rayuwar farko 
Yayin da take girma a cikin ƙabilar Matumbi, mahaifinta ya ki tura ta makaranta, saboda yana tsoron ta rasa addininta na Musulunci. Bayan mahaifinta ya rasu, mahaifiyarta ta yanke shawarar tura ta makaranta, saboda ta ga mahimmancin ilimi ga yarinya.  Tasirin mahaifiyar Bibi Titi ya taimaka wa Bibi wajen gwagwarmayar kwato 'yancin mata kuma ya taimaka mata a yakin neman 'yancin kai 

 Aure da yara 
Tana da shekara sha huɗu ta auri wani dattijo, wanda ta sake shi bayan ta haifi ‘yarta na farko, ɗiyarta mai suna Halima. Saboda akidar Bibi Titi, an hana ‘yarta aure, har sai ta gama makaranta. Daga baya Bibi Titi ta sake yin aure kuma ta sake samun wasu maza biyu. 

 Aikin siyasa 
Bibi Titi Mohammad ta fara sana'ar ta a bainar jama'a a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa a cikin ngoma (ƙungiyar rawa da kiɗa), inda ta yi bikin maulidin annabi Mohammed (S) a lokacin Maulidi. A cikin shekarar 1950s, bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta fara shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kishin ƙasa  a Tanzaniya kuma a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1954, Julius Nyerere ya kirkiro TANU. Ta zama amininsa na kud da kud, bayan da direban taksi na iyali ya gabatar da shi a shekarar 1954. 

A cikin shekarar 1955, Bibi Mohammed ta zama shugabar 'Umoja wa Wanawake wa Tanzania' (UWT - United Women of Tanzania), wacce ita ce reshen mata ta TANU. A cikin watanni uku da zuwanta wannan muƙami, ta sami damar shigar da mata sama da 5000 cikin kungiyar ta TANU, ta kuma taimaka wajen taka rawar gani a yakin neman yancin kai da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya suka yi. Mohammed ya iya kawo ra'ayoyin UWT ga jama'a tare da hada kan mata wajen yaki da mulkin mallaka ta hanyar ba su murya ɗaya. 

Tanzaniya ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekarar 1961, kuma shugabancinta ya taimaka wajen rubuta kundin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1964. Ta zama ƙaramar ministar mata da harkokin jama'a kuma ta samu matsayin mata a gwamnatin Tanzaniya. Har ila yau, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kirkiro taron mata na Afirka baki ɗaya.

A shekara ta 1965, Bibi Titi ta rasa kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki, wanda ke nufin ta rasa madafun iko. A shekarar 1967, ta yi murabus daga muƙaminta na kwamitin tsakiya na jam’iyyar. Tana nuna rashin amincewa da wani tanadi a cikin sanarwar Arusha, shirin Nyerere na zamantakewar Afirka. Wannan sanarwar ta haramtawa duk mambobin kwamitin tsakiya yin hayar kadarori. Saboda ƙarancin ilimin mata, ‘yancin yin hayar kadarori na ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan abubuwan da ke taimaka musu samun daidaiton kuɗin shiga. 

 UWT 
Bibi Titi Mohammed ta kasance babbar mace don ƙirƙirar TANU ( Tanganyika African National Union ), wacce ta zama babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Tanzaniya. Shigar Bibi Mohammed ya fara ne lokacin da ta haɗu da Julius Nyerere, wanda zai zama shugaban ƙasa na farko. Mohammed da sauran mata kamar Sofia Kawawa sun sami damar riƙe muƙaman shugabanci tare da TANU, galibi saboda imanin Nyerere na daidaiton jinsi. Bayar da ganin mata shine babban fifikon manufofin Nyerere, inda ya baiwa Bibi Mohammed tsarin da take buƙata. Bibi Titi Mohammed ita ce shugabar reshen mata ta TANU, mai suna Umoja wa Wanawake wa Tanzania (UWT). Wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance mabuɗin don haɓaka imani da manufofin TANU. UWT kuma ta kasance muhimmin kayan aiki wajen haɗa kan mata a duk faɗin Tanzaniya.

 Kamewa da tsarewa 
A watan Oktoban shekarar 1969, an kama Bibi Titi da tsohon ministan kwadago Michael Kamaliza, tare da wasu hafsoshi huɗu da ake zargi da yunkurin kifar da gwamnati.  Da ake ganin ita ce ta tada zanga-zangar, an gurfanar da ita a gaban kuliya bisa zargin yunkurin karɓar mulkin Tanzaniya. An gudanar da shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa  ta farko a Tanzaniya, kuma bayan shari'ar kwanaki 127, an yanke wa Bibi Mohammed hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai; an saka ta a gidan kaso. A lokacin shari'ar, abokanta na siyasa sun musanta ta, kuma yawancin abokanta sun rabu da ita. Yayin da take gidan yari, mijinta, wanda ya ji kunyar ta, ya sake ta, ya bar ta ita kaɗai, don ya tabbatar da cewa ba ta da wani laifi. Bayan shekaru biyu a cikin hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, Nyerere ya sassauta hukuncin da aka yanke mata, kuma aka sake ta daga kurkuku.

 Mutuwa da Karramawa 
Bayan an saki Bibi Titi daga kurkuku, ta ɓace daga rayuwar jama'a kuma ta yi sauran rayuwarta a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu.    A shekarar 1991, lokacin da Tanzaniya ke bikin cika shekaru 30 da samun 'yancin kai, Bibi Titi ta fito a cikin takardar jam'iyya mai mulki a matsayin "Jarumar Uhuru (Freedom) Struggle". A ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba, 2000, Bibi Mohammed ta mutu a asibitin Net Care a Johannesburg, inda TA yi jinya. 

 Martaba 
Gadon Bibi Titi Mohammed tana rayuwa a Tanzaniya. Ta taka rawar gani a fannin ilimi da daidaiton mata. Ta yaki gwamnatinta kan abin da ta yi imani da shi, ko da ta jefa ta cikin matsala. A yau, ɗaya daga cikin manyan titunan Dar es Salaam an sanya wa sunan Bibi Mohammed don girmama manyan nasarorin da ta samu na samun 'yancin kai na Tanzaniya.

A cikin shekarar 2020, aikin tarihin 'African Roots' na Deutsche Welle  ga matasa a Afirka ya samar da labarin da bidiyo game da rayuwarta. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba