Abbas I na Masar

Abbas Helmy I na Masar (wanda aka fi sani da Abbas Pasha, Larabci: عباس الأول, Turkiyya: I. Abbas Hilmi Paşa 1 ga Yulin 1812 - 13 ga Yulin 1854)  shi ne Wāli na Masar da Sudan . Shi ɗan Tusun Pasha ne, ƙaramin ɗan Muhammad Ali Pasha wanda ya gaji a matsayin mai mulkin Masar da Sudan. The Chambers Biographical Dictionary ya ce game da shi: "[b] mai ladabi da sha'awa, ya yi abubuwa da yawa don kawar da ci gaban da aka yi a ƙarƙashin Muhammad Ali. "

 Shekaru na farko 
An haifi Abbas a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1812 a Jedda kuma an haife shi a Alkahira. Da yake jikan Muhammad Ali ne, ya gaji kawunsa Ibrahim Pasha a mulkin Masar da Sudan a 1848 .  

Yayinda yake saurayi, ya yi yaƙi a Levant a ƙarƙashin kawunsa Ibrahim Pasha a Yaƙin Siriya . [1] An cire Muhammad Ali Pasha daga ofis a ranar 1 ga Satumba 1848, saboda raunin hankali. Ɗansa Ibrahim Pasha ne ya maye gurbinsa, wanda ya yi sarauta na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Regent na Masar da Sudan daga 1 ga Satumba 1848 har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1848. Mutuwar Ibrahim ta sanya Abbas I, bi da bi, Regent na Masar da Sudan daga 10 ga Nuwamba 1848 har zuwa 2 ga Agusta 1849 (ranar mutuwar Muhammad Ali Pasha), a wannan lokacin Abbas ya zama Wāli mai mulki na Masar da Soudan har zuwa 13 ga Yuli 1854.

 Mai mulkin Masar 
An bayyana Abbas sau da yawa a matsayin mai son rai kawai, amma Nubar Pasha ya yi magana game da shi a matsayin mutumin gaskiya na "tsohuwar makaranta". An gan shi a matsayin mai adawa, mai baƙin ciki da kuma taciturn, kuma ya shafe kusan dukkanin lokacinsa a fadarsa. Ya yi watsi da ayyukan kakansa, masu kyau da marasa kyau. Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, ya soke ikon cinikayya, ya rufe masana'antu da makarantu, kuma ya rage ƙarfin sojojin yankin zuwa mutane 9,000. Ya kuma rufe ginin Dam din Delta kuma ya yi adawa da gina Suez Canal.

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 1886 ya rubuta game da Abbas cewa "ba shi da manyan ayyuka, ba ya gina sabbin hanyoyin ruwa, kuma bai ma aiwatar da makirci da tsare-tsaren magabata ba. An kira Abbas mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da mai tausayi. Tabbas ba shi da sassaucin ra'ayi a zuciya ko kuma mai wadata da kudi. "

 Dangantaka da kasashen waje 
Abbas ba zai yiwu ba ga masu kasada da ke son kwace dukiyar Masar da Sudan, kuma sun kori duk kasuwancin kasashen waje. Manufofin kasuwanci na Burtaniya sun zama masu adawa a bayyane a sakamakon haka, suna hana fitar da masara daga kasuwannin Masar. Koyaya, a kan dagewar Gwamnatin Burtaniya, ya ba da izinin gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa daga Alexandria zuwa Alkahira. A sakamakon haka, Birtaniya ta taimaka masa a cikin jayayya da Daular Ottoman.

Saboda manufofinsa marasa kyau ga Turawa da tasirin su, Abbas ba su so su ba kuma a cikin lokaci sunansa ya wuce gona da iri kuma ya zama aljanu don nuna shi kamar yadda ya fi muni fiye da yadda yake. Bayan ya mutu yawan Turawa a Misira ya tashi sosai daga 3,000, a 1850, zuwa 90,000, a 1882, da 200,000 ta 1900.

 Yaƙin Crimea 
A lokacin Yaƙin Crimea Abbas ya ba Sultan Ottoman, Abdulmejid I, amfani da rundunar sojan ruwa ta 12 da sojoji 19,000 da bindigogi 72. Abbas kuma ya tattara yawancin wannan sabon rundunar daga Yankin Sinai, yana tafiya zuwa El Tor da Aqaba kuma yana saduwa da shugabannin Bedouin na gida ga mazajen da aka kwashe, musamman sojan doki, don yaƙi. Daga baya an kara yawan sojoji zuwa tsakanin 40,000 da 55,000 a ƙarshen Oktoba, 1853.  

 Kiwon dawakai 
Daga cikin abubuwan da Abbas ke so shi ne kiwon Dawakai na Larabawa, wanda aka ce shine babban sha'awar rayuwarsa. Ya ci gaba da shirin kiwo wanda Muhammad Ali ya fara. Ci gabansa da samun ingancin jini yana da tasiri sosai a kan kiwon dawakai na zamani. Muhammad Ali da Abbas dukansu sun fahimci halaye na musamman kuma sun mai da hankali sosai ga zuriyar dawakai da kabilun Bedouin suka haifa. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 23, an sanya Abbas a matsayin mai kula da shirin kiwon dawakai na kakansa. Bayan ya zama Wāli, Abbas ya tara ƙarin dawakai kuma ya rubuta tarihin dabbobi da zuriyarsu, bayanan da aka adana har zuwa yau. Ta hanyar alaƙa da Faisal Ibn Saud, wanda aka ce Abbas ya shirya tserewa daga kurkuku inda aka tsare shi, Abbas ya sami dawakai da yawa daga Nejd. Ya kuma biya farashi mai yawa ga dawakai na mafi kyawun jini daga mutanen Anazeh. Ya gina manyan dakuna ga waɗannan dawakai a wurare uku daban-daban, gami da gonar da aka ce ya kashe £ 1,000,000 don ginawa, kuma ya hayar 'yan asalin Bedouin don kula da kula dawakai da kuma kula da bayanai game da jinin su. Bai yi watsi da kudi ba a kula da dawakai. A wani gonar doki ya ajiye raƙuma 300 don samar da karin madara ga 'ya'yan.

 Mutuwa 
A ranar 13 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1854,  Abbas ya kashe shi a fadar Benha da bayinsa biyu.  An ce zaluncin da ya yi wa bayinsa shine dalilin kisan. Misali, an gaya wa mai kiwon doki na Larabawa Lady Anne Blunt cewa Abbas ya taɓa ba da umarnin a kafa wani doki mai zafi a ƙafar ango wanda ya yi watsi da kula da ƙafar doki.

Abbas ya gaji kawunsa (wanda a zahiri ya girme shi), Said Pasha . 

Bayan kisan Abbas, ɗansa mai shekaru goma sha takwas, Damad Prince Ibrahim Ilhamy Pasha ya gaji dawakai na Larabawa wanda ya nuna ƙarancin sha'awa a gare su, ya ba da yawa kuma ya sanya sauran don siyarwa. A cikin 1861, wani dangi mai nisa, Ali Pasha Sherif ya sayi kimanin dawakai 40 na asalin Abbas Pasha kuma ya sake gina shirin kiwon dawakai.

 Daraja 
+HonoursyearnameNationRibbon1849Order of the August PortraitOttoman Empire1849Order of GloryOttoman Empire100x100px1853Order of Nobility, 1st ClassOttoman EmpireOrder of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Grand CrossKingdom of Sardinia100x100px

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