Samun damar bayanan jama'a a Montenegro

Samun damar yin amfani da bayanan jama'a da 'yancin yin bayani (FOI) suna nufin haƙƙin samun damar samun bayanan da hukumomin jama'a ke riƙe kuma aka sani da "yancin sani". Ana ɗaukar damar samun bayanan jama'a da mahimmancin mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki na tsarin dimokuradiyya, saboda yana haɓaka lissafin gwamnatoci da jami'an jama'a, haɓaka sa hannun mutane da ba da damar shigarsu cikin ilimin rayuwar jama'a. Babban jigo na ‘yancin samun bayanan jama’a shi ne cewa bayanan da hukumomin gwamnati suke da shi a bisa ka’ida na jama’a ne kuma ana iya boye su ne kawai bisa dalilai na halal da ya kamata a yi bayani dalla-dalla a cikin doka.Freedom of Information, UNESCO. Retrieved 2016-10-16.

A Montenegro, samun damar samun bayanai haƙƙi ne da Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya lamunce kuma an tsara shi a ƙarƙashin doka. Montenegro ya fara karɓar Dokar Kan Samun Bayanai Kyauta a cikin shekarar 2005; a shekara ta 2013 wata sabuwar doka ta fara aiki, ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari na kariya ga yancin bayanai fiye da dokar da ta gabata.Freedom of information in Montenegro. Analysis of the Legal Framework, Practice and Implementation of ECHR Case Law and other International Standards with Recommendations for Improvement" (PDF). MANS. Network for Affirmation of NGO Sector. Retrieved 9 February 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Duk da haka, duk da wasu ci gaba mai kyau da aka samu tare da amincewa da sabuwar Dokar, Montenegro har yanzu yana da matsaloli game da aiwatar da shi.

Kwanan nan, Montenegro ya fara aiwatar da sake fasalin dokar ta yanzu: Al'adun Ma'aikatar ta tsara wani daftarin tsari a cikin 2016 bayan wasu matsin lamba daga Tarayyar Turai don daidaita dokokin Montenegro tare da ka'idodin EU.Montenegro Plan to Open Public Records Doubted". Balkaninsight.com. BalkanInsight. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2017.

 Tsarin doka 
Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Montenegro ya bayyana a cikin Mataki na ashirin da 51 cewa kowa zai sami damar samun damar samun bayanan jama'a da hukumomin jihohi da kungiyoyin da ke gudanar da ayyukan jama'a ke rike da su. Bugu da ƙari, Dokar 2013 kan Samun Bayanai kyauta ta kafa madaidaicin hanya don samun bayanan jama'a. Dokar ta bai wa kowane mutum na halitta ko na doka damar samun damar samun bayanan da hukumomin jihohi da na gida, kamfanonin jama'a da sauran hukumomin da ke gudanar da ayyukan jama'a ke rike da su ta kowace hanya. Hukumomin jama'a suna da kwanaki 15 na aiki don yanke shawara kan bayyana bayanan da ake buƙata.

Sabuwar dokar ta gabatar da wata sabuwar hukuma mai sa ido, wacce ake kira Agency for the Protection of Personal Data and Free Access to Information wanda ke aiki kan tsarin roko na ‘yancin neman bayanai. Wani kyakkyawan ci gaba a cikin dokar ta 2013 shine gabatar da tarar da za a yi wa hukumomin gwamnati wadanda suka kasa cika ayyukansu dangane da samun bayanai.

Samun damar bayanan jama'a a aikace

Bisa ga rahoton ci gaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai na 2016 kan Montenegro, dokar da ke ba da damar samun bayanan jama'a ba ta da ingantaccen sa ido da kulawa. A cewar jaridar Vijesti, kwarewar 'yan jarida da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a kasar ya nuna cewa, duk da tanade-tanaden doka na FOI, a aikace yana da wuya a sami bayanai masu mahimmancin jama'a.Čađenović, Ivan (10 February 2017). "Montenegro: i silenzi della pubblica amministrazione". balcanicaucaso.org (in Italian). Osservatorio Balcani Caucasto Transeuropa / Vijesti. Retrieved 21 February 2017.

A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe rabon buƙatun da hukumomin jama'a suka ƙi a Montenegro ya haɓaka daga 24% a cikin 2014 zuwa 18% a cikin 2015. Hakanan, kasafin kuɗi na 2016 na Hukumar Kare Bayanai da Samun Bayanai ya karu da 50%. Iyakar iya aiki da albarkatun Hukumar ya kasance wani lamari ne da ke damun wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke ba da shawarar samun bayanai.

A cikin 2015, daga cikin jimillar buƙatun 4.434 don samun damar bayanai, ba a bayar da bayanin da aka nema a cikin shari'o'i 805 ba. Hukumar kare bayanan sirri da samun damar samun bayanai kyauta ta sami jimillar korafe-korafe 1.431 a shekarar 2015. Yawancin shari’o’in da hukumar ta samu sun shafi shuru na gudanarwa: a wadannan lokuta ba a amsa bukatar ba.

Mafi yawan buƙatun FOI, kusan kashi 70%, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai ne ke shigar da su, daga cikinsu akwai ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu. Wannan bayanai na nuni da karancin sani da ilimin da jama’a ke da shi na ‘yancin samun bayanai da abubuwan da suka tanada na shari’a. A mafi yawan lokuta masu buƙatar suna samun bayanan da ake buƙata tare da jinkiri mai yawa, fiye da lokacin da doka ta tsara, kuma sau da yawa bayan sun shigar da ƙara zuwa Ombudsbam.

Wani al’amari da ke damun shi shi ne yadda ba a aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncen kotu a kan shari’o’in samun bayanai yadda ya kamata. Rahoton na EC ya kuma yi nuni da cewa a wasu lokuta hukumomin gwamnati a Montenegro suna ganin kamar suna cin zarafin yiwuwar bayyana takardun da ake nema a sirrance domin gujewa bayyana su. Lallai, a cewar ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu MANS, dokar ta ƙunshi jerin dalilan da ba dole ba don keɓantawa don iyakance bayyanawa. Ƙirƙirar keɓancewar da aka tanadar a cikin doka yana da alama yana da ban sha'awa kuma yana da yawa, don haka ya ba da damar cibiyoyin jama'a su fassara shi ta hanyar da ta hana samun bayanai.

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