Mildred Ramakaba-Lesiea

Mandu Mildred Ramakaba-Lesiea (née Ramakaba; an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1933) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma tsohuwar jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), wacce ta shiga a shekara ta 1954. Bayan ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, ta wakilci ANC a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa  daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2004.

Ramakaba-Lesiea ta shiga jam'iyyar ANC ne a farkon shekarun gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata domin shiga yakin adawa da dokar ilimi ta Bantu ta 1953. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ta kasance fitacciyar mace a fafutukar mata da tsarin al'umma a Cape Town; An ɗaure ta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Suppression of Communist a cikin shekarar 1960s kuma an tsare ta saboda gwagwarmayarta a wasu lokuta da dama. A shekara ta 2005, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba ta lambar yabo ta lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin Azurfa domin karrama gudunmawar da ta bayar a gwagwarmayar.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Ramakaba-Lesiea a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 1933 a Langa a wajen Cape Town a tsohuwar lardin Cape. Mahaifinta, Sello Ramakaba, ya fito ne daga Lesotho kuma ya girma a cikin Orange Free State; Mahaifiyarta, Francina Pretorius, ita ma ta girma a cikin Free State amma tana da bambancin launin fata, tare da mahaifiyar Afrikaans da mahaifin Sotho. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Kensington, inda ta halarci makarantar sakandare har zuwa matsayi na shida (aji takwas). A shekara ta 1949, mahaifinta ya rasu kuma mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure wani tsohon soja wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi aure saboda matsalolin kuɗi na iyali. Madadin haka, Ramakaba-Lesiea ta bar gida don yin aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida a Sea Point. 

 Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata 
A cikin shekarar 1952, Ramakaba-Lesiea ta ƙaura tare da sabon mijinta zuwa kogin Elsie, inda suka zauna a wani ƙauye na yau da kullum  da ake kira Maseru (bayan babban birnin Lesotho, ga yawan mazaunan Masotho). Bayan shekaru biyu, gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta fara aiwatar da Dokar Ilimi ta Bantu; Rashin adawar Ramakaba-Lesiea ga dokar ya jawo ta cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, ta farko ta hanyar ƙungiyar Elsie's River Civic Association sannan ta hanyar African National Congress (ANC), duka biyun ta shiga cikin shekarar 1954. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa ta shiga cikin manyan kamfen na tawaye na farar hula, gami da zanga-zangar adawa da doka da kuma korar tilastawa.  Ta zama shugabar gida a ƙungiyar Mata ta ANC a Cape Town kuma tana aiki a Tarayyar Matan Afirka ta Kudu; A shekarar 1958, ta kuma shiga asirce a jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu, wacce gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta riga ta haramta ta.  A cikin shekarar 1959 kuma ta fara shirya ƙungiyar ma'aikatan bulo, siminti da kuma Quarry, reshen ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu. 

An tsare Ramakaba-Lesiea na tsawon kwanaki goma sha hudu a shekarar 1959 bayan wata zanga-zangar kin jinin mata da ta yi, sannan a shekarar 1959 aka cire ta da karfi daga kogin Elsie zuwa Nyanga dangane da dokar yankin. an tuhume su da laifin zagon ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Dokar hana gurguzu; An yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru shida a gidan yari, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da aka tsare a gidan yarin Pollsmoor kafin a soke hukuncin da aka yanke mata a wata ɗaukaka ƙara a shekarar 1965. Bayan an sake ta, an tsare ta a gida, kuma a cikin shekarar 1966 an tilasta mata ta ƙaura zuwa Witsieshoek mai nisa na ɗan lokaci a lokacin da ake jayayya da gwamnati game da bin dokokinta. 

Daga karshe ta koma aikin gida sannan ta koma aikin masana'anta. A lokaci guda kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a harkar mata kuma tana ƙara ba da gudummawa wajen tallafa wa iyalan waɗanda ake tsare da su a siyasance. Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma shugabar farko na ƙungiyar mata ta Cape Town a shekarar 1981. A cikin shekarun 1980 ta kasance mai aiki a cikin United Democratic Front kuma ta yi aikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa ga ANC.  An tsare ta na tsawon wata biyar a lokacin dokar ta-ɓaci ta shekarar 1985.

 Aikin siyasa bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata 
Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, Ramakaba-Lesiea ta shiga cikin shugabancin ƙungiyar mata ta ANC ta ƙasa kuma ta wakilci jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin 'yar majalisar ƙaramar hukuma a Gugulethu, Cape Town daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 1998.  An aika ta zuwa majalisa don cike gurbin kujerar ANC a shekarar 1998, kuma an zaɓe ta ga cikakken wa'adi a majalisar dokokin ƙasa a babban zaɓen shekarar 1999.  An sake zaɓen ta a shekara ta 2004.  Bayan ta yi ritaya, kuma tun daga shekarar 2017, ta ci gaba da zama mamba a reshenta na ANC a Gugulethu.

 Girmamawa 
A shekarar 2004, Western Cape Premier, Ebrahim Rasool, ya ba da lambar yabo ta lardin Ramakaba-Lesiea, Ofishin oda na Disa.  A shekara mai zuwa, Shugaba Thabo Mbeki ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin Azurfa saboda "kyakkyawan gudunmawar da ta bayar ga gwagwarmayar tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin jinsi da rashin ƙabilanci, adalci da dimokuraɗiyya Afirka ta Kudu".  A cikin shekarar 2017, Thandi Modise, a matsayinta na shugabar Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cape Peninsula, ta ba Ramakaba-Lesiea tare da digiri na girmamawa a cikin kula da jama'a. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Ramakaba-Lesiea ta auri James Lesiea a shekarar 1952; Ya fito daga Aliwal North amma yayi aiki a otal a Sea Point. Sun haifi 'ya'ya mata uku tare kuma ya sake ta a shekara ta 1971.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane