Tashin hankali a Guinee Sipaniya na 1936

Rikicin 1936 a Guinee na Sipaniya ya kasance wani rikici mai dauke da makami kan iko da kasar Sipaniya a lokacin yakin basasar Spain, wanda aka gwabza tsakanin dakarun jamhuriya da masu kishin kasa tsakanin Satumba da Oktoba 1936. Masu kishin kasa sun fara kwace iko da Fernando Po a ranar 19 ga watan Satumba, daga bisani suka kwace ikon sauran yankunan mulkin mallaka bayan sun sami karfin gwiwa a watan Oktoba.

 Tarihi 
Daular Sipaniya ta kafa mulkin mallaka na Guinee na Sipaniya a cikin 1778, bayan yarjejeniyar El Pardo, tsakanin tsohuwar da Masarautar Portugal. Dillalan bayi na Portugal sun ci gaba da rike ikon yankin har sai da aka nada Carlos Chacón a matsayin gwamna na farko a shekara ta 1858. A lokacin yakin neman zabe na Afirka, Spain ta yi hasarar yankuna masu yawa na yankin Gulf of Guinea ga Faransa da Jamus. Mummunan kashin da ya yi a yakin Mutanen Espanya-Amurka na 1898, ya kara rage mallakar mallakar mallaka, yayin da lokaci guda ya kara mahimmancin Guinee na Spain a matsayin yanki na ketare. An fara yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da gaske, masu wa’azi na mishan sun kafa sansani na dindindin a duk faɗin ƙasarsu kuma an kafa Rundunar Mulkin Mallaka ta Ginin Sipaniya a 1908 don kare sabbin mazaunanta.

Bayan kafuwar jamhuriyar Spain ta biyu, manufofin mulkin mallaka sun karkata zuwa ga habaka tattalin arzikin Guinea. Don wannan, gwamnati ta iyakance tasirin mishan na Katolika na Claretian da haƙƙoƙin doka na al'ummar ƙasar. A ranar 13 ga Yulin 1936, 'yan kungiyar Guardia de Asalto suka kashe dan majalisar dokokin kasar Spain José Calvo Sotelo a Madrid, wanda ya kafa juyin mulkin kishin kasa bayan kwanaki hudu. Barkewar yakin basasa a yankin Spain, ya haifar da arangama tsakanin magoya bayan jam'iyyar Popular Front na hagu da kuma malaman addini (magoya bayan 'yan tawayen kishin kasa da cocin Katolika) a fadin yankin. Hankali ya ci gaba da ta'azzara a lokacin bazara yayin da aka daskarar da asusun ajiyar banki kuma jigilar kayayyaki ta kasa isa yankin.

 Rikici 
A ranar 19 ga Satumbar 1936, babban hafsan hafsoshin mulkin mallaka Laftanar Kanar Luis Serrano Maranges ya kaddamar da bore a kan Fernando Po wanda ya hambarar da Gwamna-Janar na Republican Sanchez Guerra a juyin mulki ba tare da jini ba. Bayan umarnin Francisco Franco, Serrano ya karbi ragamar mulki kuma ya kafa dokar yaki, yana bayyana mulkin mallaka na yaki. Mataimakin Gwamna Miguel Hernandez Porcel wanda ke Bata, ya ki amincewa da Serrano. A ranar 23 ga Satumba, limamai a babban yankin ƙasar sun shirya wani mayaka tare da yin tattaki zuwa Bata don nuna goyon bayan Serrano, kuma Porcel ta aike da wani ƙarfi don dakatar da su. Rukunonin biyu sun hadu a Comandchina kusa da kogin Ekuku, sun yi arangama bayan da suka yi ihun takensu. An kashe sojojin kasar biyu a harin yayin da ‘yan Republican suka samu nasara. An kori shugabannin limamai a babban yankin kasar Faransa Kongo, da yawa daga baya sun yi tafiya Fernando Po. Ta haka mulkin mallaka ya rabu tsakanin ɗan kishin ƙasa Fernando Po da Río Muni na Republican.

’Yan jamhuriyar sun zama ware a zahiri daga abokansu, bayan sun mai da jirginsu tilo, Fernando Po, ya zama kurkuku ga masu wa’azi na Katolika da ’yan mata na Katolika. A watan Oktoba, wani jirgin ruwa mai taimakawa 'yan kishin kasa Ciudad de Mahon, dauke da bindigar 76 mm, bindigar mm 101 da kuma sojojin kishin kasa na Morocco daga tsibirin Canary, sun isa Fernando Po. Serrano ya bukaci jirgin, ya yi amfani da shi wajen harba Bata kuma ya bugi Fernando Po, inda ya kashe limamai uku da wani farar hula da aka tsare a cikin jirgin a matsayin fursunoni a cikin wannan tsari. 'Yan tawayen jamhuriyar da ke kula da jirgin Fernando Po sun yi watsi da jirgin da ke nutse cikin gaggawa, wanda sojoji daga Ciudad de Mahon suka far ma jirginsa kafin ya kife washegari.[1] Sojojin na 'yan kishin kasa sun sauka a Bata, da sauri suka kwace ikon Río Muni. Yawancin 'yan jamhuriya sun tsere zuwa Kongo Faransa, wasu daga cikin wadanda suka rage an kashe su yayin da wasu kuma aka tasa keyarsu zuwa tsibirin Canary a watan Nuwamba.

 Sakamakon haka 
Rikicin da aka haɗu da rushewar cinikayya ta duniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II ya sa mulkin mallaka ya fuskanci karancin abinci da magunguna da kuma hauhawar farashi. Bayan da suka karbe mulkin mallaka, masu kishin ƙasa sun sanya sunayen gundumomi, suka haɗa Fernando Po da Río Muni bisa doka tare da sauran Spain kuma a hankali sun 'yantar da jama'ar ƙasar. Manufar kishin kasa ta yadu a tsakanin al’ummomin farko na ‘yan kasar da suka sami ‘yanci, wadanda daga baya suka jagoranci mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1968.

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