Léon Fiévez

Victor Léon Fiévez (30 Afrilu 1855 - 27 Mayu 1939) wani jami'in Belgian ne na Jamhuriyar Kwango 'Yanci. Yayin da yake aiki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Fiévez ya zama sananne saboda munanan hanyoyinsa na tabbatar da samar da roba a yankinsa, wanda ya hada da babban zalunci da kashe 'yan Kongo. Abubuwan da Fiévez ya yi sun haifar da ɗaukar hoto sosai a cikin jaridun waje, wanda ya tilasta cire shi daga ofis ya koma Belgium.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Fiévez ga dangin noma a Wallonia, Belgium.Reybrouck, David Van (2014). Congo: The Epic History of a People. HarperCollins. pp. 597–618. ISBN 978-0-06-220011-2. A cikin 1888 an ɗauke shi aiki a cikin Force Publique, rundunar soji da aka kafa don yaƙar Leopold II na Ƙasar Kwango ta Beljiyam, ya isa Kongo a garin Boma. Kodayake cin nasarar Kongo ya kasance da kyau ta hanyar 1888, Fievez ya zama sananne a matsayin soja na musamman, wanda ya yi nasarar jagorantar balaguron soji a Kongo. A ƙarshen 1891 rashin lafiya ya tilasta masa komawa Belgium, amma a 1893 ya koma Kongo. Lokacin da kwamishinan gundumar Equateur mai kambi, tsohon mai bincike Charles Lemaire, ya ji rauni a cikin 1893, masu gudanar da mulkin mallaka (waɗanda ba su gamsu da matakin samar da roba na Lemaire ba) sun maye gurbinsa da Fiévez.Alix, Florian (2014). "Éric Vuillard. Congo". Afrique Contemporaine (in French). 252 (4): 210–213. doi:10.3917/afco.252.0210.

Bayan da aka ɗauka a matsayin kwamishina, Fiévez ya aiwatar da wani mummunan tsarin zalunci a kan al'ummar Kongo na gida - manufar manufofin ita ce tsoratar da mutanen yankin don ba da abinci da roba ga 'Yanci a matsayin haraji.Hochschild, Adam (1998). King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. Houghton Mifflin. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-395-75924-0. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe, Fiévez da sojojinsa (wanda ya ƙunshi masu tilastawa Publique tilastawa da kuma ƙabilar Kongo abokantaka) sun tilastawa neman abinci daga ƴan asalin Kongo, sun lalata amfanin gona don haifar da yunwa, da kuma aiwatar da kisan kiyashi don kawar da 'yan Kongo waɗanda suka yi tsayayya da Ƙasar 'Yanci.Boelaert, E. (1952). "Ntange". Aequatoria. 15 (2): 58–62. JSTOR 25838183. An wawashe kauyukan da ba sa so ko kuma ba su iya ba da abinci ko roba da kona su.Boelaert, E. (1952). "Ntange". Aequatoria. 15 (2): 58–62. JSTOR 25838183 Mafi akasarin sunan Fiévez, wanda aka ba da umarnin kashe harsasai kaɗan gwargwadon iko, ya ba da umarni ga sojojinsa da abokansa da su ba shi hannun da aka yanke na abokan gaba da aka kashe don su nuna cewa ba su yi almubazzaranci ba. Bisa al'adar baka, irin wadannan ayyuka sun sa aka kwatanta Fiévez a matsayin "shaidan Equator" kuma ana yi masa lakabi da "Ntange" (wajen fassarawa zuwa "nap" ko "gado", kamar yadda aka san Fiévez yana yin barci da rana).

Hanyoyin zalunci na Fiévez sun yi wa Équateur babban nauyi - a ƙarshen 1894 kadai, fiye da ƙauyuka 160 sojojinsa sun kona tare da kwashe su tare da kashe ko kama dubban 'yan Kongo don amfani da su a matsayin masu aikin tilastawa.Doyle, Arthur Conan (1909). The Crime of the Congo. Doubleday. OCLC 647025072.[page needed] Manufarsa ta hana juriya na cikin gida, ya ba wa gundumarsa damar rage farashi, kuma ta haifar da Équateur ya samar da mafi yawan roba (ton 650) daga kowace gundumar Jiha ta Kyauta a 1895 - sakamakon da wata majiyar gwamnatin Jiha ta 'Yanci ta bayyana a matsayin "marasa daidaito". Koyaya, hanyoyin Fiévez an ƙara ganin su a matsayin wuce gona da iri kuma a matsayin abin alhaki ga Ƙasar 'Yanci; wannan batu ya kara ta'azzara yayin da labarin ta'asar da aka yi a gundumarsa ta bazu kuma wasu mishan na Burtaniya da Amurka da ke aiki a Kongo suka ba da rahoto. Ba a sabunta matsayinsa na kwamishina ba a cikin 1896 kuma ya koma Belgium a watan Mayu na waccan shekarar.Lufungula, Lewono (1986). "Les gouverneurs de l'equateur 1885-1960". Annales Aequatoria. 7: 149–166. JSTOR 25836402 A cikin 1897 ya koma Kongo don zama kwamishinan gundumar Ubangi, wanda a baya hukumomin Free State suka yi watsi da shi.Ngbwapkwa, Te Mobusa (1 September 1993). "L'exploitation du caoutchouc par l'état indépendant du Congo dans le territoire de Banzyville, district de l'Ubangi (1900-1908)". Civilisations. 41 (41): 291–306. doi:10.4000/civilisations.1713. JSTOR 41229835.

A cikin 1899, Kotun Jiha ta 'Yanci ta ba Fiévez takunkumi saboda kisan wasu maza biyu, mummunan harin da wani mutum ya yi, da kuma yawan cin zarafin mata da yawa.Bala, Alain Pholo (1 June 2017). "The Measurement of Institutions and Instability in Democratic Republic of Congo, 1880–2010". Journal of Development Perspectives. 1 (1–2): 139–170. doi:10.5325/jdevepers.1.1-2.0139. Wannan shari'ar ta kafa tsarin shari'a cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ga 'Yanci ta yi amfani da 'yan Kongo a matsayin ma'aikatan tilastawa, amma Fiévez da kansa an wanke shi. Ya koma Belgium a shekara ta 1900, ya rasu a shekara ta 1939.Dall, Nick (27 November 2018). "Was This Real Monster the Inspiration Behind 'Heart of Darkness'?". OZY.

 Duba kuma 
Léon Rom

 Labarin tarihin rayuwa 
•A. Lacroix: FIEVEZ (Victor Léon). Tarihin Belge d'Outre-Mer. Vol. III. Makarantar Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Brussels. 1952. Link. Shafi na 304-307.

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutuwan  1939