Baƙaƙen Amurka

Baƙar fatar Amirka, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Bakar Amirka, kuma a da ake kira Afro-Americans, wata kabila ce ta Amirkawa da kabilanci da ta ƙunshi Amirkawa waɗanda kamar yadda ƙidayar Amirka ta ayyana, sun ƙunshi Amirkawa waɗanda ke da asali daga "kowane daga cikin gungun launin fata na Afirka".African Americans Law & Legal Definition Archived August 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine: "African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry." Ba-Amurkawa sun zama rukuni na biyu mafi girma na launin fata da kabilanci a cikin Amurka bayan farar fata Amurkawa."Measuring Racial and Ethnic Diversity for the 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 30, 2023. Retrieved April 23, 2023. Kalmar “Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka” gabaɗaya tana nuna zuriyar ’yan Afirka da aka bautar a Amurka.Wilkerson, Isabel (January 31, 1989). "'African-American' Favored By Many of America's Blacks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 28, 2020. A movement led by the Rev. Jesse Jackson to call blacks African-Americans has met with both rousing approval and deep-seated skepticism in a debate that is coming to symbolize the role and history of blacks in this country. ... The question of a name has caused pain and controversy since the first Africans were captured and shipped to the Americas in the 17th century. The slaves called themselves Africans at first, but slave masters gave them English names and called them Negroes, the Portuguese word for black, historians say. That term was resented by some blacks who said it was degrading when whites mispronounced it, accidentally or intentionally. A cikin 2023, kimanin mutane miliyan 48.3 sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Baƙar fata, wanda ke da kashi 14.4% na al'ummar ƙasar. Wannan yana nuna karuwar kashi 33% tun daga 2000, lokacin da akwai Baƙar fata miliyan 36.2 da ke zaune a Amurka.Passel, Gracie Martinez and Jeffrey S. (January 23, 2025). "Facts About the U.S. Black Population". Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 1, 2025

Tarihin Afirka-Amurka ya fara ne a cikin karni na 16, lokacin da ’yan kasuwar bayi na Afirka suka sayar da masu sana’ar hannu, manoma, da mayaka ga ‘yan kasuwar bayi na Turawa, wadanda suka yi jigilar su ta tekun Atlantika zuwa Yammacin Duniya. An sayar da su a matsayin bayi ga Turawa ’yan mulkin mallaka kuma aka sanya su aikin gonaki, musamman a yankunan kudancin kasar. Wasu 'yan kaɗan sun sami damar samun 'yanci ta hanyar ƙwace ko tserewa, kuma sun kafa al'ummomi masu zaman kansu kafin da lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka. Bayan da aka kafa Amurka a shekara ta 1783, yawancin Bakar fata sun ci gaba da zama bayi, sun fi mayar da hankali ne a Kudancin Amurka, tare da bayi miliyan hudu kawai aka 'yantar da yakin basasa a 1865.Harris, Paul (October 8, 2015). "How the end of slavery led to starvation and death for millions of black Americans". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023 A lokacin sake ginawa, sun sami 'yan ƙasa da kuma manya-maza 'yancin yin zabe; duk da haka, saboda yaɗuwar farin jini, an ɗauke su a matsayin ƴan ƙasa na biyu kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka hana su a Kudu. Waɗannan yanayi sun canza saboda shiga cikin rigingimun soja na Amurka, ƙaura mai yawa daga Kudu, kawar da wariyar launin fata na shari'a, da ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam waɗanda ke neman 'yancin siyasa da zamantakewa. Koyaya, wariyar launin fata ga Ba-Amurkawa da rarrabuwar kabilanci na zamantakewar al'umma sun kasance matsala a cikin karni na 21st.

A cikin ƙarni na 20 da 21, shige da fice ya taka rawar gani sosai a cikin al'ummar Afirka-Amurka. Ya zuwa 2022, kashi 10% na Baƙar fata Amurka baƙi ne, kuma kashi 20% ko dai baƙi ne ko kuma 'ya'yan baƙi.

Al'adun Ba'amurke na da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan al'adun duniya, suna ba da gudummawa da yawa ga fasahar gani, adabi, yaren Ingilishi, falsafa, siyasa, abinci, wasanni, da kiɗa. Gudunmawar Ba-Amurke ga mashahurin kiɗa yana da zurfi sosai cewa yawancin kiɗan Amurka, gami da jazz, bishara, blues, rock da roll, funk, disco, house, techno, hip hop, R&B, tarko, da rai, sun samo asali ko dai a wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya a cikin al'ummar Afirka-Amurka.Osei, Sarah (November 4, 2020). "How Black People Created All Your Favorite Music". Highsnobiety. Retrie

 Tarihi 

 Lokacin mulkin mallaka 
Galibin waɗanda aka bautar da kuma safarar su a cinikin bayi na ƙetaren Atlantika mutane ne daga ƙabilun Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka da dama. Masu fataucin bayi na Turawa sun kama su kai tsaye a hare-haren bakin teku,The transatlantic slave trade". BBC. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021. ko kuma ’yan kasuwar bayi na Afirka ta Yamma, ko kuma “sarakunan ‘yan kasuwa” rabin Turawa sun sayar da su ga ’yan kasuwar bayi na Turawa, wadanda suka kawo su Amurka.The capture and sale of slaves". Liverpool: International Slavery Museum. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2015.

Bayin Afirka na farko a ƙasar Amurka a yanzu sun isa a farkon ƙarni na 16. 'Yan Afirka suna cikin balaguron 1513 na Juan Ponce de León wanda ya sauka a cikin abin da zai zama Mutanen Espanya Florida, kuma bayin Afirka sun isa a lokaci guda zuwa Puerto Rico na Spain.

Har ila yau, 'yan Afirka sun zo ta Santo Domingo a cikin Caribbean zuwa yankin San Miguel de Gualdape (watakila yana cikin yankin Winyah Bay na South Carolina a yau), wanda masanin Spain Lucas Vázquez de Ayllon ya kafa a 1526. Kusan nan da nan ya gamu da rugujewar mulkin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba sakamakon fadan shugabanci, inda bayin suka tayar da kayar baya suka fice daga yankin domin neman mafaka a tsakanin ’yan asalin kasar Amurka. De Ayllon da da yawa daga cikin masu mulkin mallaka sun mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, saboda annoba kuma an yi watsi da mulkin mallaka. Mazauna da bayin da ba su tsira ba sun koma tsibirin Hispaniola, inda suka fito.Robert Wright, Richard (1941). "Negro Companions of the Spanish Explorers". Phylon. 2 (4)

Bawan nan mai binciken Esteban ya isa Florida tare da balaguron Narváez a shekara ta 1528, balaguron da ya fara sauka a Santo Domingo daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa Texas ta Spain da Kudu maso Yamma kafin ya kare a Mexico.

Auren da ke tsakanin Luisa de Abrego, bakar fata mai 'yanci daga Seville, da Miguel Rodríguez, wani mai ci na White Segovia a shekara ta 1565 a St. Augustine (Spanish Florida), shi ne na farko da aka sani kuma an yi rikodin auren Kirista a ko'ina cikin abin da ke yanzu nahiyar Amurka.J. Michael Francis, Luisa de Abrego: Marriage, Bigamy, and the Spanish Inquisition, University of South Florida, archived from the original on July 21, 2018, retrieved July 21, 2018

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