Mekatilili Wa Menza

Mnyazi wa Menza, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Mekatilili Wa Menza ko Mekatilili (1860s-1924), wata mai fafutukar 'yancin kai na Kenya ce wacce ta jagoranci al'ummar Giriama wajen adawa da mulkin mallaka na Kenya tsakanin shekarun 1912 zuwa 1915. 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Mekatilili a cikin shekarar 1860s a Mutsara wa Tsatsu a Bamba, a gundumar Kilifi ta yau. Ta kasance 'ya tilo a gidan mai yara biyar. Larabawa masu fataucin bayi sun yi garkuwa da ɗaya daga cikin ƴan uwanta Mwarandu kuma ba a sake ganin su ba.  A wani lokaci a rayuwarta, Mekatilili ta yi aure da Dyeka a Lango Baya.

 Tawaye 
Matsalolin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ne suka haifar da juriyar Mekatilili. Ta yi kokarin hana duk wani ma'aikacin Giriama aiki daga hukumomin mulkin mallaka, don tabbatar da cewa za su ci gaba da zama a yankin Giriama tare da ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar Giriama. Ta kuma damu da ƙaruwar tasirin ƙasashen yamma a Kenya, wanda take ganin yana lalata al'adun Giriaman. 

A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 1913, mai kula da 'yan  mulkin mallaka na yankin, Arthur Champion, ya gudanar da taron jama'a inda ya ba da buƙatunsa ga al'umma. Mekatilili ta taka rawar gani a taron inda ta nuna rashin amincewarta da buƙatun Champion tare da yin rantsuwa da cewa ba za ta haɗa kai da masu mulkin mallaka ba. 

Mekatilili ta harzuka saboda abin da take ganin yazama al'adun Giriama na gargajiya. Giriama al'ummar ƙabila ce kuma mata da wuya su riƙe muƙaman jagoranci. Duk da haka, Mekatilili gwauruwa ce. A cikin al'ummar Giriama, mata suna samun wasu gata, ciki har da na magana a gaban dattawa. Ta tattara goyon bayanta ga mahukuntan mulkin mallaka saboda matsayin da ta samu a matsayinta na mai bin addinin gargajiya. A cikin haka, ta samu taimakon mai maganin gargajiya Wanje wa Mwadori Kola. Ta sami dimbin jama'a ta hanyar rawar Kifudu da ta yi. An kebe raye-rayen ne don bukukuwan jana'izar amma Mekatilili ta rinka yin ta kullum daga gari zuwa gari, inda ta jawo dimbin magoya bayanta da ke bin ta duk inda ta je. 

Mekatilili da Mwadori sun gudanar da wani gagarumin taro a Kaya Fungo inda suka gudanar da rantsuwar mukushekushe a tsakanin mata da Fisi daga cikin mazan da suka sha alwashin ba za su taɓa haɗa kai da mahukunta 'yan mulkin mallaka ta kowace fuska. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun mayar da martani inda suka kwace filayen Giriama mai yawa, sun kona gidajensu tare da lalata Kaya Fungo. Wannan ya haifar da tashin hankalin Giriama wanda bai yi nasara ba, wanda aka fi sani da kondo ya chembe.  

Hukumomin 'yan mulkin mallaka sun kama Mekatilili a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoban 1913, kuma sun yi gudun hijira zuwa Kisii a Lardin Nyanza. Kamar yadda bayanan mulkin mallaka suka nuna, bayan shekaru biyar, ta koma yankinta na haihuwa inda ta ci gaba da adawa da sanya manufofin 'yan mulkin mallaka da farillai. Mekatilili ta bayyana cewa Arthur Champion ne kawai ke da alhakin tilasta manufofin mulkin mallaka a kan Giriama, wanda ta ce yana lalata al'adun gargajiya na Kenya.  Duk da haka, wasu labaran sun ce Mekatilili ya tsere daga kurkukun Kisii kuma ya yi tafiya mai nisan kilomita 1,000 zuwa gida zuwa Giriama. Daga baya aka kama ta aka kai ta gidan yari a birnin Kismayu na ƙasar Somaliya inda ita ma ta gudu a asirce ta koma gidanta. 

 Mutuwa da martaba 
Ta mutu a cikin shekarar 1924, kuma an binne ta a Bungale, a gundumar Malindi, a cikin Lardin Coast na Mallaka da Kariya na Kenya.   A lokacin yunkurin mata na ƙasar Kenya a shekarar 1980, masu fafutuka sun ɗauki Mekatilili a matsayin wata alama ta wannan yunkuri, domin ita ce mace ta farko da ta shiga cikin yakin neman sauyi a ƙasar Kenya.  A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 2020, Google yayi bikinta da Google Doodle. 

 Kara karantawa 

 Hoton hoto na zamani na Mekatilili wa Menza na Rich Allela  . 
 Elizabeth Mugi-Ndua: Mekatilili Wa Menza : Jaruma mace (Sasa Sema Publications, 2000)
 Elizabeth Orchardson-Mazrui: Kasadar Mekatilili (Publ. Ilimin Gabashin Afirka, 1999)
 "Hanyoyin Tarihi da Tarihi na Art da Material Culture na Mijikenda na Kenya", Nazarin PhD, Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka, Jami'ar London, London, U. K.
 2012 Max Dashu, 2012. Mekatilili: annabiya ta 1913 Giriama tawaye. 
 2020: Littafin ban dariya na dijital na ƙungiyar fasahar fasaha da yawa na tushen Nairobi, The Nest Collective, mai taken "Mekatilili wa Menza: Fighter Freedom and Revolutionary."

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Jaruman Kenya
 Sasa Sema Publications
 www.mekatilili.com 

 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924