Joyce Mashamba

Happy Joyce Mashamba (25 Satumba 1950 - 20 Yuni shekara ta 2018) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma tsohuwar jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC). A lokacin rasuwarta, ta kasance mamba a majalisar zartarwa (MEC) mai kula da aikin gona da raya karkara a lardin Limpopo. Ta kasance mamba a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohuwar mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar ANC na ƙasa  da kuma kwamitin gudanarwa na ƙungiyar mata ta ANC.

A lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Mashamba ta kasance mai yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata tare da mijinta, George; An ɗaure ta daga shekarun 1977 zuwa shekara ta 1982 saboda gudanar da wani rukunin ANC na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Turfloop, Transvaal. A shekarar 1994 aka zaɓe ta zuwa majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa  kuma a shekarar 1999 aka zaɓe ta a majalisar dokokin lardin Limpopo, inda ta shafe sauran ayyukanta. Ta yi aiki a matsayin MEC a cikin manyan fayiloli guda shida daban-daban a ƙarƙashin kowanne daga cikin firimiya biyar na farko na Limpopo kuma ta zama MEC mafi daɗewa a lardin. Ta kasance mataimakiyar kakakin majalisar dokokin lardin Limpopo a takaice daga shekarun 2012 zuwa shekara ta 2013.

 Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya 
An haifi Mashamba a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1950  a Mulamula, wani ƙaramin ƙauye a Malamulele a lokacin da yake Arewacin Transvaal (lardin Limpopo yanzu).  Ta yi karatun digiri a cikin shekara ta 1975 kuma shekara ta gaba ta zama Mataimakiyar Librarian a Jami'ar Arewa,  inda mijinta, George, malami ne na falsafa   kuma ɗalibin Jagora.  Harabar jami'ar ta kasance a Mankweng, Transvaal (Turfloop), kuma a wannan lokacin ya kasance babban fagen siyasa na adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata na ɗalibai, musamman a cikin Ƙungiyar Black Consciousness. Mashamba ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar jama'a ta Mankweng kuma ya kasance a kwamitin zartarwa na farko. 

Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Daphne Mashile-Nkosi, wanda ya san Mashamba a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, an ɗauki Mashamba shiga jam’iyyar ANC ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa a shekara ta 1974. Mashile-Nkosi, Daphne (27 September 2019). "Humble struggle icon remembered at first anniversary of death". Sowetan. Retrieved 4 December 2022. An ɗauke ta ne yayin wani taro a ƙasar Swaziland tare da shugabannin jam'iyyar ANC reshen Swaziland, ciki har da Jacob Zuma da Thabo Mbeki, waɗanda suka shawo kan Mashamba da mijinta su kafa wani ruƙunin ANC na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a ɗaya gefen kan iyaka a Afirka ta Kudu. 

 tsarewa: 1976-1982 
A cikin shekara ta 1976 an kama Mashambas, tare da S'bu Ndebele (wani jami'in ANC a Swaziland a lokacin) da Percy Tshabalala, kuma an tuhume su da "ƙara manufofin da manufofin" ANC, wanda a lokacin an dakatar da shi a cikin Afirka ta Kudu. Mashile-Nkosi, Daphne (27 September 2019). "Humble struggle icon remembered at first anniversary of death". Sowetan. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Mashamba da sauran sun musanta aikata laifin a kotun kolin Rand.  A lokacin shari'ar, wacce ta gudana daga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1976 zuwa Fabrairu 1977,  da dama daga shaidun jihohi sun ba da shaida cewa Mashambas sun yi ƙoƙarin shigar da su cikin ANC don ilimin siyasa da horar da sojoji kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin rarraba wallafe-wallafen ANC.  Mashamba ta kuma kasance cikin leken asiri ga ANC: masu gabatar da ƙara sun yi zargin cewa ta tattara muhimman bayanai ga ANC game da ofisoshin 'yan sanda da sansanonin soji a Transvaal.  Daga baya mijin nata ya tuna cewa jihar ta gabatar da shaidun da ke nuna cewa, ba tare da saninsa ba, a wasu lokuta Mashamba ta kori ’yan jam’iyyar ANC zuwa Swaziland; ya ce a lokacin da ya tambaye ta game da lamarin a lokacin shari’ar, sai kawai ta amsa da cewa, “Ba ki san ka’idojin [sirrin] na ƙungiyar mu ba?”. 

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1977, an yanke wa Mashamba hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari; An yanke wa mijinta da Ndebele hukuncin shekaru goma a tsibirin Robben. Mashile-Nkosi, Daphne (27 September 2019). "Humble struggle icon remembered at first anniversary of death". Sowetan. Retrieved 4 December 2022. 'Ya'yan Mashambas guda uku, waɗanda ba su kai shekara shida ba, danginsu ne suka rene ta yayin da Mashamba ta yi zamanta a gidan yarin Kroonstad a cikin 'Yanci.  Yayin da take kurkuku, Mashamba ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (Unisa), inda ya sami digiri na digiri a cikin shekara ta 1982. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022.

 Sakewa: 1982-1994 
Bayan an sake ta a cikin shekara ta 1982, Mashamba ta zauna a Newclare, Johannesburg a cikin wani gida wanda ya zama gidan aminci ga masu fafutuka da suka tsere daga 'yan sandan tsaro na Transvaal. Mashile-Nkosi, Daphne (27 September 2019). "Humble struggle icon remembered at first anniversary of death". Sowetan. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Daga shekarun 1982 zuwa shekara ta 1985, ta kasance jami'ar ci gaba a Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACC), "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. tana aiki musamman a taron masu dogara, ƙungiyar da SACC ta kafa don tallafawa fursunonin siyasa da iyalansu.  Har ila yau, ita ce mai tsara ƙasa don Ƙungiyar Mata ta Transvaal daga shekarun 1985.  Bayan ta ci gaba da aikinta na siyasa, an sake kama ta a lokacin dokar ta-ɓaci  ta shekara ta  1986, shekara guda kafin a saki mijinta daga kurkuku. 

Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta haramtawa ANC takunkumi a cikin shekara ta 1990 kuma ta fara sake kafa tsarin cikin gida na sama, gami da ƙungiyar mata ta ANC. Mashamba ta kasance mai aiki a reshen yankin Arewacin Transvaal na kungiyar mata, kuma an zaɓe ta shugabar reshen a shekarar 1991 da mataimakiyar shugabar ta a shekara ta 1992. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Bugu da ƙari, Mashamba ta kammala digirin girmamawa a fannin falsafa a Unisa a shekara ta 1990; takardar shaidar gudanarwa a Jami'ar Wits a shekara ta 1990; da takardar shaida a cikin binciken ilimin Afirka ta Kudu a Jami'ar Essex, a ƙarƙashin Harold Wolpe, a cikin shekara ta 1991. Tsakanin shekarun 1992 da 1993, ta yi aikin kwas ɗin Jagora a cikin gudanarwar haɓakawa a Makarantar Koyarwa ta Duniya a Brattleboro, Vermont.  A cikin wannan lokacin, ta gudanar da jerin ayyuka a manyan makarantu. Ta kasance mai kula da gida a ɗaya daga cikin mazaunin ɗalibai a Wits daga shekarun 1989 zuwa shekara ta 1990; mashawarcin bursary a Sabis na Jami'ar Duniya daga shekarun 1990 zuwa 1991; da mataimakin magatakarda a ofishin taimakon kuɗi na Jami’ar Arewa daga shekarun 1991 zuwa shekara ta 1994. 

 Aikin gwamnati: 1994-2018 
Lokacin da aka kawar da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekara ta 1994, an zaɓi Mashamba a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa  a zaɓen Dimokraɗiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Ta riƙe kujerar a matsayin wakiliyar ANC har zuwa shekara ta 1997, lokacin da aka naɗa ta shugabar gudanarwa na ƙungiyar horar da Arewa.  A babban zaɓe na gaba na shekara ta 1999, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mamba a majalissar dokokin lardin Limpopo.  A cikin shekarar 2000, Firayim Minista na farko na Limpopo, Ngoako Ramatlhodi, ya naɗa ta a matsayin memba na majalisar zartarwa (MEC) don wasanni, fasaha da al'adu.  A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ta riƙe muƙamai da yawa a matsayin MEC a ƙarƙashin firamare biyar a jere. Fayilolin ta sune Wasanni, Arts da Al'adu (2000-2001 da 2006-2012), Ilimi (2001-2004), Kuɗi (2004-2006), Tsaro, Tsaro da Haɗin kai (2013-2014), Ci gaban zamantakewa (2014-2017), da Ci gaban Noma (2021)  

A cikin wannan lokacin, ta tashi daga Majalisar Zartarwa kawai don ɗan gajeren lokaci: a cikin sake fasalin watan Maris 2012, Firayim Minista Cassel Mathale ya kori Mashamba a matsayin MEC don Wasanni, Arts da Al'adu, ya maye gurbinta tare da Dipuo Letsatsi-Duba,  kuma Mashamba ta zama Mataimakiyar Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Limpopo. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Stan Mathabatha ya hau kujerar firayim minista kuma ya sake naɗa Mashamba a majalisar zartarwa a matsayin MEC don Tsaro, Tsaro da Sadarwa.  A cikin shekara ta 2018, Labaran SABC sun ce Mashamba ita ce MEC mafi daɗewa a Limpopo. 

Mashamba ta kuma ci gaba da aiki a ofisoshin jam'iyya da siyasa. An zaɓe ta a matsayin mamba a kwamitin zartarwa na ƙasa na ƙungiyar mata ta ANC a shekara ta 1999 kuma an sake zaɓen ta a kujerarta a shekarun 2003 da 2008. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Ita ma ta hau kan ƙaragar ANC da kanta. An zaɓe ta a cikin Kwamitin Zartarwa na Lardi na ANC a Limpopo a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1998,  kuma daga baya ta yi wa'adi biyu a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar lardin ANC a Limpopo daga shekarun 2002 zuwa shekara ta 2008.    A ƙarshen wa’adin mulkinta na biyu, a shekara ta 2007, an zaɓe ta a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Jam’iyyar ANC, wacce ta zo ta 63 a cikin ’yan takara 80 da aka zaɓa;  An sake zaɓen ta zuwa wani wa'adin shekaru biyar a cikin shekara ta 2012, a matsayi na 44.  A ƙarshe, ko da yake kasancewa memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP) yawanci sirri ne, SACP ta ce a cikin shekara ta 2018 cewa Mashamba ta kasance memba mafi "daɗewa"; An zaɓe ta a cikin kwamitin tsakiya na SACP a shekara ta 2007 kuma ta kasance mamba lokacin da ta mutu, an sake zaɓen a shekarun 2012 da 2017.  

 Mutuwa 
Mashamba ta rasu ne a ranar 20 ga watan watan Yunin shekara ta 2018 bayan ta sha fama da rashin lafiya. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. "Province mourns death of Joyce Mashamba". Limpopo Mirror. 28 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. An kwashe kwanaki huɗu ana gudanar da taron tunawa da taron kuma ya haɗa da hidima guda ɗaya da ƙungiyar haɗin kan ƙasashen uku ta shirya da kuma zama na musamman na majalisar dokokin lardin Limpopo; An yi mata jana'iza a hukumance a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda tsohon shugaban ƙasar Jacob Zuma ya halarta.   An binne ta a kauyensu Mulamula. "Joyce Mashamba to be laid to rest". SABC News. 30 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022. 

Ita ce Limpopo MEC for Agriculture and Raral Development a lokacin mutuwarta kuma aka maye gurbinta da Basikopo Makamu a watan Yuli 2018. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Mashamba ta auri George Mashamba, wanda aka kama tare da ita a cikin shekarar 1976 kuma wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Limpopo  da kuma Kwamitin tsakiya na SACP. "Previous Central Committee Members". South African Communist Party. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Sun yi aure a watan Satumba 1969 "ANC leader books his place in graveyard". Sowetan. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2022. kuma a lokacin mutuwarta suna da 'ya'ya maza uku, 'ya ɗaya, da jikoki bakwai. "SACP: Tribute to Joyce Mashamba, the woman of steel". Polity. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2022.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba