Yaƙin Belmont (1899)

Yaƙin Belmont yaƙi ne na Boer War na biyu a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba 1899, inda Birtaniyya a ƙarƙashin Lord Methuen suka kai hari kan Boer a matsayin a Belmont kopje.

Brigades uku na Methuen na kan hanyarsu ta tayar da ƙayar bayan Boer na Kimberley. Sojojin Boer na kimanin mutane 2,000 sun yi katsalandan a kan iyakar Belmont kopje don jinkirta ci gabansu. Methuen ya aika da Brigade na Guards a cikin wani tattaki na dare don yin waje da Boers, amma saboda taswirar kuskuren Grenadier Guards sun sami kansu a gaban Boer matsayi a maimakon haka.

Jami'an tsaro, Brigade na 9 da na Naval Brigade sun far wa Boers a buɗadɗen fili, inda suka jikkata kusan 200. Kafin Birtaniya su zo yin amfani da bayonets, Boers sun koma baya da doki kuma suka sake kafawa a wani matsayi mai mahimmanci a Graspan, inda aka maimaita tsarin tare da Birtaniya da ke fama da wani rauni na 197: wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya ba da rahoton cewa "a 200 yards mun kafa bayonets, kuma mun ga sheqa; ba su jira lokacin da suka ji kullum ba". 

 Tarihi 
A cikin kwanakin farko na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, sojojin Boer sun yiwa sojojin Biritaniya kawanya a Kimberley da Ladysmith.  An aika da wani Sojoji mai dakaru 40,000 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Sir Redvers Buller zuwa Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya isa a farkon watan Nuwamba 1899.  Don sauƙaƙa Kimberley da Ladysmith, Buller ya raba dakarunsa,  yana jagorantar rukuni ɗaya a gaba a kan Ladysmith, yayin da 1st Division na Laftanar Janar Lord Methuen aka ba da alhakin karya Siege na Kimberley. 

Methuen ya yi shirin tafiya ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Yamma daga Kogin Orange zuwa Kimberley, domin ya kasance kusa da layinsa saboda ƙarancin ruwan sha a yankin da kuma tattara dabbobi, da kuma yin amfani da hanyar jirgin don kwashe dukkan fararen hula daga Kimberley kamar yadda Buller ya umarta. Ana sa ran juriya kaɗan, an gudanar da tattakin ba tare da ɓoyewa ba kuma ba a yi ƙoƙarin yaudarar Boers game da alkiblarsu ba. Bayan isowar Brigade na Naval tare da bindigogi 4.7-inch, ya fara a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba. 

Saboda ƙarancin sojojin dawakai, sojojin Burtaniya sun ƙasa gudanar da bincike mai inganci don haka ba su san karfin Boer da abun da ke ciki ba, yayin da na baya-bayan nan aka yi la'akari da ainihin karfi da tsarin karfin Methuen. Kamar yadda binciken da ya gabata ya samo wani matsayi na Boer ɗan kaɗan a arewacin tashar Belmont,  daga farkon tafiya a tashar Orange River, Methuen ya yi tsammanin za a fara faɗa a can. 

 Gabatarwa 
Yayin da sojojin Birtaniyya suka tashi daga tashar Orange River, Lancers na 9 da Rimington's Guides sun gudanar da bincike daga Fincham's Farm na yankin Belmont, inda suka hango ɗaruruwan Boers suna hawan kopje. Methuen ya isa gonar Thomas,  kudu da Belmont, kwana guda bayan haka, inda Boers suka harba mai tsaron sa. Gobarar Boer ta tsaya bayan da sojojin Birtaniyya suka fara luguden wuta a kansu, kuma sojojin na Birtaniyya sun yi kaca-kaca da tsakar dare, suna sa ran za su yi yaki da safe. Ba tare da cikakken bincike ba, Methuen ya shirya mayar da hankali kan harin Boer da ke gudana 100 ft sama da gabas na titin jirgin ƙasa, daidai da layin dogo. Waɗannan su ne Dutsen Tebur da Dutsen Gun a kudu. Bayan kama muƙaman biyu, sojojin Burtaniya za su ci gaba zuwa gabas da sauran layin Boer da ke tafiya daidai da layin dogo, wanda ya haɗa da Sugar Loaf Hill da Razor Back to kudu da Dutsen Blanc, wanda, 100. ft sama da Dutsen Tebur, ya mamaye yankin.German General Staff (1998), Vol II, p. 238 

 Tsarin Yaƙi 

 Sojojin Burtaniya 
Kashi na daya Laftanar-Janar Lord Paul Sanford Methuen GCB, GCMG, GCVO Rukunin Sojojin 9th Lancers Brigade na 9 : Manjo-Janar Charles Whittingham Douglas Batirin Filin Na 18, Makarantun Sarauta Battalion 1st Northumberland Fusiliers Kamfanin Filin na 7, Injiniyoyi na Sarauta  1st Battalion Loyal North Lancashire Regiment Tushen Harsashi Bataliya ta 2 Northamptonshire Regiment Batirin Filin Na 75, Makarantun Sarauta 2nd Battalion King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Rundunar Sojan Sama 2nd Regiment na Manchester 1st Royal Munster Fusiliers New South Wales Lancers Rimington's Guides Sojojin Sojojin  1st (Masu gadi) Brigade : Manjo-Janar Henry Edward Coleville Bataliya ta 3, Grenadier Guards Battalion 1st, Coldstream Guards
Umarni: Alfred E. Codrington Bataliya ta 2, Coldstream Guards Bataliya ta 1, Guards na Scots No 18 Kamfanin Bearer No 19 Company Army Service Corps

 Sojojin Boer 
Commandos karkashin jagorancin Jacobus Prinsloo Jacobsdal Commando Winburg Commando Fauresmith Commando Bloemfontein Commando Sashen Makamai na Jihar Transvaal . (4x 7.5 cm Krupp Gun da 2x QF 1 pom-pom bindigogi)

 Yaƙi 
Lord Methuen ya shirya kai hari Belmont-kopje da mamaki kafin wayewar gari, tare da fitowa da sojoji da karfe 3 na safe. Brigade ta 9 ta nufi Dutsen Tebur, yayin da Brigade na masu gadi suka koma Gun Hill. Shirin shi ne Birtaniyya su yi wa Boer hari ta baya a koƙarin rage yawan waɗanda suka jikkata da kuma samun nasara cikin gaggawa. Duk da haka Brigade na Guards sun yi nisa da yawa zuwa dama na gaba, kuma a maimakon haka sun kasance cikin matsayi don kai hari na gaba, maimakon motsi na gefe. Fitowar rana ta zo a ~ 4 AM, kuma a wannan lokacin Birtaniya sun ci gaba da nisan mil huɗu, amma har yanzu suna da nisa sosai daga Boers. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fitowar rana, Boers sun fara harbi a kan Burtaniya masu ci gaba, tare da Grenadiers na 3 da 1st Scots sun dawo da wuta, yayin da Brigade na 9 ya ci gaba da ci gaba zuwa Dutsen Tebur. Da karfe 4:30 na safe, Sojojin Burtaniya sun buɗe wuta a Belmont, suna harba wa Boers da manyan bindigogi.

 Bayan haka 
Lord Methuen ya rubuta wa matarsa bayan yaƙin. "Na kyamaci yaki, mutane na taya ni murna, mazan suna kallona kamar uba, amma ina kyamar yaki yadda nake ganin hakan." A wajen tantin nasa yanzu yana jin wani talaka yana nishi yana mutuwa, an harbe shi a kirji, ya yi shiru yanzu, kila Ubangiji ya sake shi. “Kamar yadda da yawa daga cikin masana tarihi na wannan lokacin da kuma tun lokacin da suka yi nuni da cewa, dalilin da ya haifar da irin wannan babban asara shi ne rashin motsi da kuma rashin hankali a fagen tare da kusan babu cikakken bayani kan ma’aunin da ake bukata.

 Duba kuma 

 Tarihin soja na Afirka ta Kudu

External links
British Battle.com

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