'Yan tsana na Afirka

’Yan tsana na Afirka a duk faɗin Nahiyar an ƙirƙira su don yara mata su yi wasa da kuma a matsayin abin sha’awa don tabbatar da haihuwa ga mata. Siffar su da kayan ado sun bambanta bisa ga yanki da al'ada. Ana mika tsana akai-akai daga uwa zuwa diya. ’Yan tsana na yamma sun shahara a Afirka kuma galibi ana sanye da rigar gargajiya.

Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ra'ayin 'yar tsana a cikin al'adun Afirka, yawanci ba wasan yara ba ne, sai dai abubuwa ne da ke tattare da al'ada da ƙungiyoyin addini a cikin al'umma. Ana amfani da tsana na Afirka don koyarwa, da kuma nishaɗi. Su masu tsaka-tsaki ne na allahntaka kuma ana sarrafa su don dalilai na al'ada. Kowannen waɗannan ƴan tsana na musamman ne domin an yi su da hannu kuma a al'adance ana ba da su ta hanyar tsararraki.

 Ndebele tsana 
’Yan tsana Linga Koba sun fito ne daga mutanen Ndebele a Kudancin Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilu mafi ƙanƙanta na yankin, Ndebele an lura da su don fentin gidajensu na launuka masu haske waɗanda suka fice a cikin ƙauyen ƙauye. Tufafinsu iri ɗaya ne. Aikin ƙwanƙwasa a kan waɗannan ƴan tsana Ndebele yayi cikakken bayani kamar yadda tufafin matan da kansu suke.

A lokacin zawarcin, mai neman aure zai sanya wata tsana a wajen bukkar wata budurwa, wanda ke nuna aniyarsa na neman aure da ita. Sa’ad da budurwa ke shirin aure, sai a ba ta wata ‘yar tsana wadda ta zayyano mata suna kuma ta kula da ita. Daga nan aka sanya wa ɗanta na fari sunan ɗan tsana.

Baya ga ƙarfafa asalin al'adun Ndebele, ƴan tsana Ndebele da aka yi wa ado a yanzu sun zama muhimmin abu na fitarwa da kuma tushen samun kuɗin shiga ga macen Ndebele.

 Xhosa tsana 

 Xhosa ƴan tsana na haihuwa 
’Yan tsana na haihuwa na Xhosa ’yan tsana ne masu ado da matan Xhosa ke yi kuma suke sawa. Ana kuma san ’yar tsana da ‘yar tsana ta soyayya. Ana yin ta ne domin a jawo hankalin miji da ya dace da kuma kara yawan haihuwa domin a samu ‘ya’ya da yawa. An yi imanin cewa tsana suna da ikon sihiri na allahntaka. Matan 'yan matan Xhosa sun bukaci 'yan matan Xhosa da su sanya tsana a wuyansu don kara yawan haihuwa a lokacin haihuwa. Yawancin lokaci iyayensu suna ba wa 'yan matan tsana na farko lokacin da suka fara aikin ƙaddamarwa. Yarinyar za ta kula da ita a hankali tun da an yarda cewa idan ta ɓace ko ta lalace akwai haɗarin cewa idan ta haifi yaro zai mutu. Bayan haihuwar ɗanta na fari, mahaifiyar matashin za ta mayar wa iyayenta ƴan tsana don amfani da ƙanwarta. A al'adance, bai kamata 'yan mata su fito fili su nuna cewa suna neman miji ba saboda haka, al'ada ce a gare su su sanya 'tsana na soyayya' don jan hankali a cikin dare. Wadannan sarƙoƙi na sirri yawanci sun ƙunshi ƴan tsana namiji da ta mace akan abin wuya guda ɗaya yayin da waɗanda ake sawa a fili suna da ɗan tsana guda ɗaya kawai. Matan aure kuma suna sanya ’yan tsana a matsayin abin wuya don nuna sha’awarsu ta haihuwa ga al’umma da kakanni.Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018

 Halaye 
Ana yin ’yan tsana ne da ƙananan kwalabe, cobs na masara, harsashi ko ƙarami na lilin auduga waɗanda aka rufe su da kayan ado. Ana sanya ɗan tsana a cikin abin wuya. A farkon karni na 20th Gidan kayan tarihi na Gabashin London yana da tarin ƴan tsana na haihuwa na Xhosa waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin 'mai burgewa' a lokacin. A halin yanzu duk tsana ana yin su ne da ƙullun gilashi kuma ƙullun gilashi don haka ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na al'adar Xhosa.Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018

 Bukkoki 
Xesibe (kabilar Xhosa daga Gabashin Cape) suma suna da al'adar yin amfani da "'yar tsana". Wadannan ’yan tsana ana sassaka su ne da itace ana sanya su a kan rufin bukkar macen da ba ta da haihuwa ko kuma da alama ba za ta haihu ba da wani mai duba ya yi a matsayin rokon kakanni da su aika da jariri gida. Dan tsana yana iya ko a'a yana da beads akansa. Ana bar shi a rufin rufin har sai an haifi jariri idan an sauke shi a kona shi tare da mahaifar yaron.D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018

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