Injiniya na ɗan adam

Ma'anarsa 
Encyclopædia Britannica ya bayyana aikin injiniyan ɗan adam da:

Injiniyan ɗan adam, aikace-aikacen injiniya don inganta jin daɗin mutanen da aka ware da kuma marasa galihu, yawanci a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Aikin injiniya na ɗan adam yawanci yana mai da hankali kan shirye-shirye masu araha, masu dorewa, kuma bisa albarkatun gida. Ayyuka yawanci al'umma ne ke tafiyar da ladabtarwa, kuma suna mai da hankali kan nemo mafita mai sauƙi ga buƙatu na yau da kullun (kamar kusancin samun ruwa mai tsabta, isasshen zafi, matsuguni, da tsaftar muhalli; da amintattun hanyoyin zuwa kasuwanni).BRITTANICA, ENCYCLOPEDIA. (2020). ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA : Humanitarian Engineering, Definition and Facts.

 Tarihi 
Kalmar "injinin ɗan adam" ba ta da amfani sosai kafin farkon shekarun 2000. Amfani da kalmar "injinin ɗan adam" a zahiri ba ta wanzu a cikin kowane ƙwararrun wallafe-wallafe daga 1800s zuwa shekara ta 2000.Google Ngram Viewer". books.google.com. Retrieved 2019-11-08.

Duk da haka, manufar yin amfani da aikin injiniya a matsayin hanyar inganta jin dadin al'umma ta wanzu tun farkon lokacin horo. Ya samo asali ne daga ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar aikin injiniya da kuma yarda da ka'idodin aikin injiniya gaba ɗaya. Duk da yake, da farko, ra'ayin ɗabi'a yana da alaƙa da yanke shawara na mutum, bayan lokaci, babban tsarin abin da injiniya ya kamata ya yi ya kafu. Ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Injiniyoyi ta Ƙasa ta inganta wannan yanayin, yayin da yawancin irin waɗannan kungiyoyi suka fara amfani da ka'idojin ɗabi'a musamman don ƙirƙirar tsarin ɗa'a ga injiniyoyi. A cikin waɗannan ka'idoji na ɗabi'a, an bayyana wajibcin da injiniyoyi ke da shi ga al'umma a sarari gami da ra'ayoyi kamar: "Injiniya a kowane lokaci za su yi ƙoƙari don biyan bukatun jama'a."Code of Ethics | National Society of Professional Engineers". www.nspe.org. Retrieved 2019-11-08 Wannan ya samo asali ne a cikin ƙirƙirar ayyukan injiniya na jin kai da ake nufi don inganta jin dadin jama'a. Sakamakon haka, a farkon lokacin horo, aikin injiniya na ɗan adam ya kasance kawai aikace-aikacen da'a na injiniya da kuma wani abu wanda kawai wani yanki ne na ilimin injiniyan mutum.

A matsayin horo na binciken, ko da yake, ya kasance a kusa da 2003, lokacin da Makarantar Mines na Colorado ta kirkiro ƙananan aikin injiniya na farko, cewa aikin injiniya na jin dadi ya sami ƙarin ƙwarewa.[6] A tsawon lokaci, yayin da jami'o'i da yawa suka ƙirƙira shirye-shirye a sarari don aikin injiniya na ɗan adam, ya girma a matsayin horo na musamman, maimakon kawai wani sashe na horo na injiniya na gabaɗaya.

 Dangantaka da sauran fannoni 
Yawancin lamuran injiniya suna da ka'idojin ɗabi'a waɗanda ke ƙarfafa yin aiki don inganta jin daɗin jama'a. Misali, Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta farar hula tana ƙarfafa yin amfani da aikin injiniyan farar hula a cikin ayyukan jin kai, tana mai kiranta "mafi girman kira" na aikin. Ayyukan aiki a cikin filin sun fito ne daga fahimtar aminci a cikin ayyukan jin kai, zuwa nazarin shari'ar kan ginin hanya, sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira, gadoji, amsa bala'i, gidaje da tsaftace muhalli.Humanitarian engineering: as good as it gets". Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2019-11-06. Hakazalika, ƙungiyoyi don sauran fannoni kamar injiniyan sinadarai, injiniyan muhalli, injiniyan injiniya, da injiniyan halittu suma suna ƙarfafa yin amfani da fannonin da suka shafi aikin injiniyan ɗan adam. Wannan yana haɗe da gaskiyar cewa ƙungiyoyi da yawa, musamman jami'o'i, suna gudanar da kayan aikin injiniya na ɗan adam ta hanyar amfani da ƙwarewa daga takamaiman fannoni.PERU PROJECT – Engineers Without Borders". Retrieved 2019-11-08.

 Sanannen ayyuka 

 Aikin Peru 
Aikin Peru ya samo asali ne a babin UC Berkeley na Injiniya Ba tare da Iyakoki ba, kuma manufarsa ita ce gabatar da hanyoyin ruwa masu tsafta ga al'ummomin da rijiyoyin ruwan karkashin kasa suka shafa masu dauke da sinadarin arsenic mai yawa. Injiniyoyin sun gina tsarin magudanar ruwan sama a makarantu wadanda suka yi amfani da magudanar rufin rufin asiri wajen tattara ruwan sama, da na’urar tace tarkace daga magudanar ruwa, da kuma tanki na tattara ruwan. Ana sanya ruwan sha ne ta hanyar lalata chlorine kuma ana rarraba shi zuwa wasu wurare ta hanyar bututu. Wannan ya samar wa al’umma tsaftataccen ruwan sha wanda ba shi da lafiya ta yadda za a sha da girki. Shirin na biyu ya ga kungiyar ta hada kai da ma’aikatun kiwon lafiya na cikin gida don tsara wani cikakken shirin koyar da ilimin arsenic domin koya wa al’umma illolin sha.

 Ci gaban wutar lantarki a Pakistan 
Wannan aikin da Jami'ar Jihar Oregon ke jagoranta ya ƙunshi ɗalibai da malamai waɗanda ke taimaka wa Pakistan ƙoƙarin girbi yuwuwarsu na samar da wutar lantarki. Ƙungiya ta samar da kayan aikin ƙirar buɗaɗɗen tushe waɗanda za su iya samar da bayanan yanayi don nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa na dogon lokaci.Micro-Hydro Development in Pakistan | Humanitarian Engineering | Oregon State University". humanitarian.engineering.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2019-11-08.

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