Brassica juncea

Brassica juncea, yawanci mustard kore, brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, Korean green mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard da kayan lambu mustard, wani nau'in mustard ne.

 Shuke-shuke 
Ana iya raba nau'ikan Brassica juncea zuwa manyan rukuni huɗu: integrifolia, juncea, napiformis, da tsatsai.

 Integrifolia 
RukuninHotonBayyanawamustard na ganyemustard na ganyeframeless|180x180pxAn san ganyen mustard a matsayin "bamboo mustard", "ƙaramin gai choy", da kuma "mustard cabbage".Koriya jan mustard da kore mustardframeless|120x120pxShuka na mustard yana samar da ganyayyaki masu launin ruwan kasa da kore tare da kore petiole.Babban jan mustard na Japan (タカナ, 高菜) frameless|120x120pxBabban mustard mai ganye, wanda aka fi sani da "Japanese mustard", "takana" (タカナ, 高菜), yana da ganyayyaki masu launin ruwan kasa tare da karfi, mai kaifi, dandano mai laushi.dusar ƙanƙaraframeless|180x180pxA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  var. foliosa da B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia .  An san shuka mai suna "red-in-snow mustard", "green-in-Snow mustard" da "xuělǐhóng / hsueh li hung".mustard mai laushiframeless|120x120pxA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia .  name="Wiersema"  An san shuka na mustard a matsayin "mustard mai laushi", "mustart na Amurka", "Mustard na Kudu", "Mastard na Texas", da kuma "Mustart na Kudancin".babban mustardbabban mustardframeless|120x120pxmustard mai ƙahoA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. strumata .  Tsire-tsire na mustard yana da "ƙahon" a tsakiyar tsutsa, saboda haka sunansa, "mustard mai ƙahon".mustard a kan kaimustard a kan kaiframeless|120x120pxA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. Rashin ƙarfi. Bambance-bambance na farko sune Swatow (dai gai choy, kabewa na mustard na zuciya, kabewa mai laushi) da Bamboo (jook gai choi). 

 Juncea 
RukuninHotonBayyanawamustard maiframeless|120x120pxAna kiran mustard mai mai rai ko raya a Indiya. Kamar sauran brassicas na mai, yana da nau'ikan high-erucic acid da low-erucic acid cultivars. Ana kiran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da canola.

 Napiformis 
RukuninHotonBayyanawatushen mustardA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  subsp. Nafiformis. An san shuka mustard a matsayin "tsire-tsire mustard", "tsire mai tsire-tsiraye", "tsure-tsire-ture mustard", da kuma "tsire na tsire-tire".

 Tsatsai 
RukuninHotonBayyanawamustard mai yawamustard mai yawaA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  subsp. tsatsai var. Multiceps. An san shuka mai suna "mustard na kaza", "multishoot mustard", da kuma "mustart na tara".babban mustardStem Mustard
(Shirin da ya fi dacewa da ita) frameless|120x120pxA baya an gano shi a matsayin B. juncea  subsp. tsatsai var. tumida. Tsire-tsire na mustard tare da maɓallin, girman hannu, mai kumbura mai laushi an san shi da "babban mustard" ko "swollen-stem mustard".

 Amfani da shi 

 Abinci 
A cikin 100-gram (3 + 1⁄2 ) bayanin hidima, kayan lambu na mustard da aka dafa suna samar da  na Makamashi na abinci kuma suna da wadataccen tushe (20% ko fiye da Darajar Kullum) na bitamin A, C, da K - K kasancewa musamman a matsayin mai yawa na Darajar yau da kullun. Shuke-shuke na mustard shine matsakaiciyar tushen bitamin E da calcium. Green shine 92% ruwa, 4.5% carbohydrates, 2.6% furotin da 0.5% mai (tebur).

 Abincin 
Ana iya cin ganyayyaki, tsaba, da kuma rassan wannan nau'in mustard. Shuka ta bayyana a wasu nau'o'i a cikin abinci na Afirka, Bangladesh, Sinanci, Filipino, Tripuri, Italiyanci, Indiya, Jafananci, Okinawan, Nepali, Pakistani, Koriya, Kudancin, Taiwanese, da Afirka-Amurka (abinci na rai). Ana shuka shuke-shuke na B. juncea  don kayan lambu, da kuma samar da man mustard. Abin da ake amfani da shi a mustard da aka yi daga tsaba na B. juncea  ana kiransa mustard mai launin ruwan kasa kuma ana ɗaukarsa ya fi mai ɗanɗano fiye da mustard mai rawaya.

Saboda yana iya ƙunshe da iskar erucic acid, mai guba mai yuwuwa, an ƙuntata man mustard daga shigowa a matsayin man kayan lambu zuwa Amurka. Mai na mustard, duk da haka, gabaɗaya an gane shi azaman amintacce ta Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka. A Rasha, wannan shine babban nau'in da aka shuka don samar da man mustard. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin gwangwani, yin burodi da samar da margarine a Rasha, kuma yawancin mustard na tebur na Rasha ana yin su ne daga B. juncea .

Ana amfani da ganye a cikin dafa abinci na Afirka, [1] kuma ana amfani da dukkan sassan shuke-shuke a cikin Nepal_cuisine Abincin Nepali, musamman a yankunan tsaunuka na Nepal, da kuma a cikin Abincin Punjabi a arewacin Yankin Indiya, inda ake shirya abincin da ake kira sarson da saag (mustard greens). B. juncea  subsp. Tatsai, wanda ke da tsayi mai kauri, ana amfani dashi don yin Pickle na Nepali da ake kira Achar, da kuma pickle na kasar Sin zha cai.Ana kiran wannan shuka "lai xaak" a cikin Assamese kuma ana noma shi sosai a lokacin hunturu. Ana cinye shi a kowane nau'i a Assam da Arewa maso gabas, ko an dafa shi ko an kara shi a cikin salatin, an dafa shi kadai ko tare da naman alade.

A lokacin Taiwanese_Sabuwar Shekara ta Taiwan, mutanen Taiwan suna cin ganyen mustard (Sinanci: 長年菜; : cháng nián caw) a matsayin wani ɓangare na abincin dare na haɗuwa, wanda ke nuna tsawon rai.

Gorkhas na Jihohin Indiya na Darjeeling, West Bengal da Sikkim da Nepal suna shirya naman alade tare da kayan lambu (wanda ake kira rayo a Nepali). Yawancin lokaci ana cinye shi tare da jin daɗi da shinkafa mai tururi, amma kuma ana iya cinye shi da Roti (gurasa mai laushi). A Nepal kuma al'ada ce ta dafa waɗannan kayan lambu tare da nama iri-iri, musamman naman awaki; wanda aka shirya shi a cikin tukunyar matsin lamba tare da ƙananan amfani da kayan yaji don mayar da hankali kan dandano na kayan lambu da busassun chillies. B. juncea  (musamman tsaba) ya fi ƙanshi fiye da kayan lambu daga kayan lambu masu alaƙa da B. Oleracea<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAWM">&nbsp;</span> (kale, broccoli, da collard),  kuma ana haɗa shi akai-akai tare da waɗannan kayan lambu a cikin tasa na "mai gauraye".

Abincin Sinanci da Jafananci suna amfani da kayan lambu. A cikin abincin Jafananci, an san shi da makara kuma sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don cika onigiri ko a matsayin kayan yaji. Ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan B. juncea  da yawa, gami da zha cai, Mizuna, Sakatwa (var. integrifolia), juk gai choy, da xuelihong. Sau da yawa ana dafa kayan lambu na Asiya ko kuma an dafa su.  (Dubi mustard mai laushi.) Abincin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da ake kira asam gai choy ko kiam chai boey sau da yawa ana yin shi da raguwa daga babban abinci. Ya haɗa da dafa kayan lambu tare da tamarind, busassun chillies da nama da ya rage a kan ƙashi. Brassica juncea kuma an san shi da gai choi, siu gai choi، xiao jie cai, jariri mustard, kasar Sin leaf mustard ko mustasa.

 Kayan kwalliya mai laushi 

 Magani da shuke-shuke 
Ana amfani da wannan tsire-tsire na mustard a cikin phytoremediation don cire ƙarfe mai nauyi, kamar gubar, daga ƙasa a wuraren sharar gida masu haɗari saboda yana da haƙuri mafi girma ga waɗannan abubuwa kuma yana adana ƙarfe mai ƙarfi a cikin sel dinsa. Musamman, Brassica juncea ya kasance mai tasiri sosai wajen cire cadmium daga ƙasa. Tsarin cire ƙarfe mai nauyi ya ƙare lokacin da aka girbe shuka kuma aka watsar da shi yadda ya kamata. An nuna cewa maganin jiki ya fi rahusa kuma ya fi sauƙi fiye da hanyoyin gargajiya don rage ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, yana da tasirin rage lalacewar ƙasa, rage gurɓataccen wuri.

 Dubi kuma 

 Sinapis alba (tsohon Brassica alba) - rawaya ko fari mustard, wani nau'in mustard
 Brassica oleracea - kabewa na daji
 Brassica nigra - baƙar fata mustard, wani nau'in mustard
 Brassica rapa - dangin da ke da alaƙa da kayan lambu da ake amfani da su a cikin abinci na Asiya
 Brassica carinata - mustard na Habasha
 Don wasu tsire-tsire masu cin abinci a cikin iyalin Brassicaceae, duba kayan lambu na gicciye.

 Manazarta