Shekarun girma

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Shekarar mafi rinjaye ita ce ƙofar tsufa ta doka kamar yadda aka gane ko aka ayyana a cikin doka. Lokaci ne da za a daina ɗaukar mutum ƙarami, kuma ya ɗauki ikon shari'a a kan mutum, ayyukansa, da hukunce-hukuncen su, ta haka ne ke kawo ƙarshen iko da alhakin shari'a na iyaye ko waliyyi a kansu.

Yawancin ƙasashe suna saita shekarun girma a 18, amma wasu hukunce-hukuncen suna da shekaru mafi girma wasu kuma ƙasa. Kalmar rinjaye a nan tana nufin samun shekaru masu girma da kuma cika shekaru sabanin ƴan tsiraru, yanayin zama ƙanana. Doka a cikin wani yanki na iya ƙila a zahiri amfani da kalmar "shekarun girma". Kalmar tana nufin tarin dokokin da ke ba da matsayi na girma.

 Bayani 
Kalmar shekarun girma na iya rikicewa tare da irin wannan ra'ayi na shekarun lasisi.[1] A matsayin kalmar doka, lasisi yana nufin izini, yana nufin haƙƙi ko gata da za a iya aiwatar da doka. Don haka, shekarun lasisi na takamaiman aiki, misali shekarun lasisin tuƙi mota ko babur na ƙarfin injin da aka ba shi, shine mafi ƙarancin shekarun da mutum zai iya ba da izini ga wannan aikin. Shekarun girma, a gefe guda, sun gane cewa mutumin ya zama balagagge na doka a wannan ikon.

Yawancin shekarun lasisi sun zo daidai da shekarun masu girma don gane sauyin mulki zuwa balagagge na doka, amma duk da haka sun bambanta bisa doka. Babu bukatar mutum ya kai shekarun girma don samun izini don aiwatar da wasu hakkoki da nauyi. Wasu shekarun lasisi na iya zama mafi girma, ƙasa, ko kuma daidai da shekarun girma.

Misali, don siyan barasa, shekarun lasisi shine 21 a duk jihohin Amurka. Wani misali shine shekarun jefa ƙuri'a, wanda kafin 1971 ya kasance 21 a Amurka, kamar yadda shekarun masu rinjaye a duk ko mafi yawan jihohi. Bayan da aka rage shekarun jefa kuri'a daga 21 zuwa 18, an rage shekarun masu rinjaye zuwa 18 a yawancin jihohi. A yawancin jihohin Amurka, mutum na iya samun lasisin tuƙi, yarda da yin jima'i, da samun aikin cikakken lokaci yana ɗan shekara 16 duk da cewa shekarun girma ya kai 18 a yawancin jihohi. A cikin Jamhuriyar Ireland shekarun mafi rinjaye shine 18, amma dole ne mutum ya kasance 21 ko sama da haka don tsayawa takara ga Gidajen Oireachtas. Har ila yau, a Portugal shekarun mafi rinjaye shine 18, kuma 'yan ƙasa da suka kai wannan shekarun suma sun cancanci yin takarar Majalisar, amma suna buƙatar zama 35 ko sama da haka don yin takarar Shugaban kasa.

Yaron da kotun da ke da ikon yantar da shi bisa doka zai kai ga balaga kai tsaye bayan sanya hannu kan umarnin kotu. 'Yantarwa ne kawai ke ba da matsayin balaga kafin a zahiri mutum ya kai shekarun girma. A kusan dukkan wurare, yara ƙanana waɗanda suka yi aure za su sami 'yanci kai tsaye. Haka kuma wasu wuraren suna yin hakan ga yara ƙanana waɗanda ke cikin sojoji ko waɗanda ke da wani digiri ko difloma.

Yara ƙanana waɗanda aka 'yanta za su iya zaɓar inda suke da zama, sanya hannu kan kwangiloli, kuma suna da ikon yanke shawara na kuɗi da na likitanci kuma gabaɗaya suna yanke shawara ba tare da kulawar iyaye ba amma ba a keɓe su daga buƙatun shekaru da aka tsara a cikin doka don wasu haƙƙoƙi. Alal misali, ƙarami na iya 'yantar da shekaru 16 a Amurka (ko ƙarami dangane da jihar) amma dole ne ya jira har zuwa 18 don yin zabe ko siyan bindiga, da 21 don siyan barasa ko taba.