Yaƙin Farko na Faransa da Dahomey

An yi yakin Franco-Dahomean na farko a shekara ta 1890 tsakanin Faransa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Alfred-Amédée Dodds, da Dahomey ƙarƙashin Sarki Béhanzin.

 Tarihi 
A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, ƙasashen Turai sun shagaltu da mamaye da mamaye yawancin Afirka. A halin da ake ciki a yau Benin, babbar 'yar mulkin mallaka ita ce Jamhuriyar Faransa ta Uku. Faransawa sun kulla hulɗar kasuwanci da ’yan asalin yankin da suka haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen yammacin Afirka mafi karfi a lokacin, masarautar Fon ta Dahomey. A cikin shekarar 1851, an ƙulla yarjejeniya ta abokantaka ta Franco-Dahomean da ke ba wa Faransa damar yin kasuwanci da kuma mishan shiga cikin ƙasar. 

A shekara ta 1890, masarautar Fon na Dahomey ta kasance a tsayin ƙarfinta. Ta ba da da'awar kusan dukkanin bakin tekun Benin na zamani da yawancin kudu maso tsakiyar Benin har zuwa arewacin Atcheribé. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa na Dahomey shine ƙaramar masarautar Porto-Novo kusa da bakin teku. Masarautar ta yi rashin jituwa da Dahomey a kashe da kashe tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. 

A cikin shekarar 1861, jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya sun kai farmaki Porto-Novo.  Porto-Novo ta nemi kuma ta sami kariyar Faransa a shekarar 1863, amma Dahomey ya ƙi wannan.  Wani batu na takaddama shi ne matsayin Cotonou, tashar jiragen ruwa da Faransawa suka yi imanin cewa tana ƙarƙashin ikonsu saboda yarjejeniyar da wakilin Dahomey a Whydah ya sanya wa hannu . Dahomey ya yi watsi da duk ikirarin Faransa a can kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar kwastan daga tashar jiragen ruwa. 

 Dalilin yaƙi 
A cikin shekarar 1874, Sarki Toffa na farko ya karɓi mulki a Porto-Novo kuma ya sake kafa kariyar Faransa a kan masarautar bayan Dahomey ya kai hari a shekarar 1882.  Dahomey ya ci gaba da kai hari a garin, wanda ya kai ga wani lamari da ya kawo Fon da Faransa cikin yaki. A cikin watan Maris 1889, Dahomey ya kai hari a wani ƙauye a Ouémé inda babban sarki ke ƙarƙashin kariyar Faransa.  Bayan da ya yi furuci cewa tutar mai tricolor za ta kare shi, Fon ya umarci ɗaya daga cikin Dahomey Amazons da ya fille kansa ya naɗe kansa a cikin tuta.  Sai kuma a watan Maris na waccan shekarar, Faransa ta aika da wata manufa zuwa babban birnin Dahomey na Abomey domin tabbatar da ikirarinta ga Cotonou da bayar da biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara.  Yarima mai jiran gado kuma daga baya sarki Béhanzin ya sami aikin amma babu abin da aka cimma face rashin yarda da juna. 

 Fara tashin hankali 
Faransa ta mayar da martani ga waɗannan al'amura ta hanyar karfafa sojojinta a Cotonou ga mutane 359, 299 daga cikinsu 'yan Tirailleur ne ko kuma Faransa da aka horar da 'yan Senegal da Gabon.  A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, Faransawa sun kame manyan jami'an Fon a Cotonou kuma suka fara karfafa garin.  An kuma yi artabu da dakarun sa kai na yankin. 

Ba a daɗe ba sai ga Abomey ya sake komawa. Dahomey ya aika da karfi kai tsaye zuwa Cotonou tare da shirye-shiryen dawo da shi da karfi ƙarƙashin ikon Fon sau ɗaya.

 Yaƙin Cotonou 
A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, sojojin Dahomey dubu da dama sun caccaki tarin katako a kusa da Cotonou da misalin karfe 5 na safe.  Wannan ya saba wa sojojin Fon na Dahomey waɗanda kusan ko da yaushe suna tafiya da daddare suna kai hari kafin wayewar gari.  Suna raba kan gungumen azaba tare da korar musket ɗin su,. Fon ya harba cikin shingen. 

Wasu sun yi nasarar tsallake shingen mita 800 wanda ya yi sanadin salwantar rayuka a cikin katangar.  Bayan tsahon sa'o'i huɗu ana gwabza faɗa, wanda sau da yawa ke faruwa hannu da hannu duk da bushewar wutar Faransa har ma da harsashi na kwale-kwale, rundunar Fon ta janye.  Faransawa sun sami asarar kaɗan, amma Fon ya sha wahala da yawa matattu (129 a cikin layin Faransa). 

 Yaƙin Atchoukpa 
Bayan da aka tattara, Dahomey ya aika da wani runduna zuwa kudu, wannan lokacin zuwa Porto-Novo.  Bayan samun ƙarfafawa da yawa, Faransa ta umarci mutane 350 tare da bindigogi uku don tafiya arewa kuma su shiga Fon.   A wannan karon, mayaƙa 500 na Sarki Toffa I.  za su taimaka wa Faransawa zuwa ƙauyen Atchoukpa, mayaƙan Toffa, waɗanda ke tafiya gabanin samuwar, sun shiga ƙarƙashin wuta na Dahomey kuma suka tsere daga fagen fama gaba ɗaya. 

Faransawa sun kafa sansanoni na sojoji kuma sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare na Dahomey na sa'o'i da yawa.  Yunkurin da Sarki Béhanzin ya yi na aika dakaru don ketare filayen Faransa da korar Porto-Novo ya ci tura daga hannun Kanar Terrillon. Filayen Faransawa sun ja da baya a hankali zuwa birnin da ba a karewa. Bayan wani sa'a na gumurzun da ba a yi nasara ba da filayen Faransa, Béhanzin ya umarci sojojinsa da su ja da baya.  Washegari, sojojin Dahomey sun bar yankin Porto-Novo gaba ɗaya suka janye zuwa Abomey. 

 Karshen tashin hankali 
Dahomey bai sake kai wani hari a Cotonou ko Porto-Novo ba. A ranar 3 ga watan Oktoba 1890, Dahomey ya rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta amince da mulkin Porto-Novo a matsayin kariyar Faransa.  An kuma tilasta wa Béhanzin ya ba da Cotonou, amma yana karɓar francs 20,000 a shekara saboda ya yi watsi da hakkinsa na kwastam.  Yakin ya haifar da nasara ga Faransa kuma ya bar Dahomey ya sha kashi. Duk da yarjejeniyar, ɓangarorin biyu sun yi amanna cewa zaman lafiya ba zai dore ba, kuma sun yi shiri don sake haɗuwa da juna.  Haƙiƙa ya sake komawa cikin sauri duk da yarjejeniyar, wanda ya ƙaru zuwa Yaƙin Franco-Dahomean na biyu bayan shekaru biyu.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba