Amina Pahad

Amina Pahad  (Yuli 1918 - 26 Mayu 1973) 'yar gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ce na Afirka ta Kudu. Memba na Majalisar Indiya ta Transvaal, ta tashi don yin fice saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin juriya mai tsauri kan Tsarin Yankin Asiya da Dokar Wakiltar Indiya ta shekarar 1946. An kuma san ta a matsayin mattarar gidan dangin Pahad na siyasa a Johannesburg.

 Rayuwa ta farko da Gidan Gabas 
An haifi Pahad a watan Yuli 1918 a Klerksdorp a tsohon Transvaal. Ta zama mai fafutuka a siyasance tun tana matashiya, tana sha'awar kamfen satyagraha na Mahatma Gandhi,  kuma ta auri Goolam Hoosain Pahad, mai fafutuka na Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC). A cikin shekarar 1945, Pahads da 'ya'yansu biyar - Ismail, Essop, Aziz, Nassim, da Zunaid - sun koma Johannesburg, inda suka ajiye wani gida mai dakuna biyu a Orient House a kan titin Becker a Ferreirastown. 

Gidan Orient yana kusa da wuraren siyasa da yawa, ciki har da kotun majistare; Chancellor House, wanda ke ɗauke da ofisoshin shari'a na Nelson Mandela da Oliver Tambo; da kuma ofisoshin wasu fitattun ƙungiyoyin yaki da wariyar launin fata guda biyu wato TIC da kuma na African National Congress.  Ta haka gidan ya zama cibiyar tarurrukan zamantakewa da siyasa, tare da abincin da Pahad ke shiryawa akai-akai wanda masu fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata ke halarta.   Ben Turok, alal misali, yana kiran Pahad "mafi kyawun curry mai dafa abinci a cikin gwagwarmayar [anti-apartheid]", daga baya ta tuna cin abincin rana a ɗakin kwana don gujewa umarnin hana dokar da jihar ta sanya.

Ko da yake tana iya yaren Gujarati da Hindi, Pahad ta fara jin ɗan Turanci kaɗan, amma ta shahara saboda karimcinta; A cewar ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yanta, ta dage da bayar da abinci ga jami’an Reshen Tsaro da ke zuwa gidan domin kai farmaki ko tambayoyi. Ahmed Kathrada akai-akai yana kwatanta Pahad a matsayin "mahaifiyarsa ta biyu",   kuma Walter Sisulu ya bayyana Orient House a matsayin "gida mai nisa daga gida".

 Gwagwarmaya 
Pahad ya kasance memba na kwamitin shirya gangamin gwagwarmayar juriya da ke adawa da Dokar Yankin Asiya da Wakilcin Indiya, wanda Majalisar Indiya ta Afirka ta Kudu ta gudanar daga shekarun 1946 zuwa 1948.  Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya buɗe a watan Yuni 1946 a kan wani fili da aka tanada na farin a Durban; Pahad na daga cikin kashi na farko na masu aikin sa kai na TIC, musamman mata, wadanda suka mamaye shirin ba bisa ka'ida ba. A ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, ta ji rauni a lokacin da matasan farar fata suka far wa wurin da ‘yan adawa suka kai wa hari, inda daga baya aka kama ta aka ɗaure ta tsawon wata guda, amma da aka sake ta ta koma wurin domin sake kama ta.  A cewar Kathrada, Pahad ta bayyana bayan kama ta na biyu, "watakila kawai a cikin izgili, cewa ba ta son mijinta ya san wulakanci da wahalar shiga gidan yari, kuma ta gwammace ta sa kai a madadinsa."

Dukansu Walter Sisulu da Nelson Mandela sun ce shigarwa Pahad cikin gwagwarmayar da ba ta dace ba ya taimaka wajen tsara tunaninsu na baya game da Indiyawa,  ya juyar da abin da marubucin tarihin Sisulu, Elinor Sisulu, ya kwatanta a matsayin zaton cewa matan Indiya sun kasance "masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ba sa son shigar da kansu cikin rayuwar jama'a".  Ta kuma ba da gudummawa don kamawa a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na shekarar 1952, kodayake a lokacin tana fama da rheumatism, kuma ta shiga cikin Macin na Mata na 1956 akan Gine-ginen Ƙungiyar.   A cikin shekarun 1950, ta kasance cikin ƴan tsirarun mata - da suka haɗa da Fatima Meer da Zainab Asvat - waɗanda suka nemi kafa ƙungiyar siyasa mai kwazo ga matan Indiya; A ƙarshe sun shiga ƙungiyar matan Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda ba launin fata ba.

 Bayan Rayuwa da mutuwa 
A cikin shekarun 1960, Pahad da mijinta sun koma Ingila don bin 'ya'yanta biyu, masu fafutuka Aziz da Essop, waɗanda gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta.  Gidansu da ke Landan ya zama mai masaukin baki ga sabbin masu fafutuka, gami da abokin Essop Thabo Mbeki. Daga baya Pahad da mijinta sun bar London zuwa Bombay, India,  inda Pahad ta mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu 1973.

A cikin watan Afrilu 2006, Mbeki, wacce a lokacin ta kasance shugabar Afirka ta Kudu ta biyu bayan wariyar launin fata, ta ba Pahad lambar yabo ta Luthuli a azurfa saboda "Kyakkyawan gudunmawar da ta bayar ga gwagwarmayar dimokuraɗiyya, daidaito da adalci a Afirka ta Kudu." ''

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1973
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918