Aikin Dada Idi

Operation Dada Idi wani hari ne na soja da Tanzania ta gudanar a kan gwamnatin Uganda ta Idi Amin da abokanta na Libya da Palasdinawa a watan Maris da Afrilu na shekara ta 1979 a lokacin Yaƙin Uganda da Tanzania . Harin ya faru ne a cikin rushewar Sojojin Uganda, kuma saboda haka ya gamu da juriya ta lokaci-lokaci da rashin tsari. Wannan aikin ya haifar da kamawar Tanzaniya na Mpigi da sauran wurare da yawa a kusa da Kampala.

Idi Amin ya kwace mulki a Uganda a 1971 kuma ya kafa mulkin kama karya. Shekaru bakwai bayan haka ya yi ƙoƙari ya mamaye makwabciyar Tanzania a kudu. An kori harin, kuma Shugaban Tanzania Julius Nyerere ya ba da umarnin kai hari a cikin yankin Uganda. Kokarin da Uganda da kawayenta na kasashen waje suka yi na dakatar da ci gaban Tanzaniya ya gaza. Bayan Yaƙin Lukaya a ranar 10-11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1979, Sojojin Tsaro na Tanzania (TPDF) sun fara kusantar babban birnin Uganda Kampala, wanda ya sa Amin da abokansa na kasashen waje su karfafa wurin dabarun Mpigi wanda ke tsakanin Lukaya da Kampala. Kamar yadda Sojojin Uganda ke cikin rikici bayan da aka ci su akai-akai, sojojin da ke goyon bayan Amin kawai sun ba da juriya a cikin ƙananan rikice-rikice a kusa da Mpigi.

Bayan sun dauki matsayi da yawa a kusa da garin, TPDF ta ci gaba zuwa Mpigi a ranar 28 ga Maris 1979, ba tare da fuskantar wata adawa ba yayin da garuruwan suka gudu. Masanin tarihi Richard J. Reid ya yi jayayya cewa gwagwarmayar da ta faru a Mpigi ta zama "Amin ta ƙarshe". Saboda haka, Tanzaniyawa sun kafa bindigogi don harba Kampala da kuma filin jirgin sama mai mahimmanci a Entebbe. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, TPDF ta ci gaba da kayar da sojojin Uganda da Libya kuma a hankali ta sami yankin Mpigi. Wannan ya ba Tanzaniya damar kama Entebbe a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, sannan Kampala ta biyo baya a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1979.

 Tarihi 
A shekara ta 1971 Kanal Idi Amin ya kaddamar da Uganda_coup_d'état" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'état">juyin mulkin soja wanda ya hambarar da Shugaban Uganda, Milton Obote, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar dangantakar da makwabciyar Tanzania. Shugaban kasar Tanzania Julius Nyerere yana da alaƙa ta kusa da Obote kuma ya goyi bayan tsarin gurguzu. Amin ya sanya kansa a matsayin Shugaban Uganda kuma ya mallaki kasar a karkashin mulkin kama karya. Nyerere ya hana amincewa da sabuwar gwamnati kuma ya ba da mafaka ga Obote da magoya bayansa. Ya goyi bayan yunkurin da Obote ya yi na hambarar da Amin a shekarar 1972, kuma bayan wani ɗan gajeren rikici na kan iyaka shi da Amin sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Duk da haka, dangantakar da ke tsakanin shugabannin biyu ta kasance mai wahala, kuma Amin ya yi barazanar mamaye Tanzania.

Tattalin arzikin Uganda ya lalace a karkashin mulkin cin hanci da rashawa na Amin, kuma rashin kwanciyar hankali ya bayyana a cikin sojoji. A ƙarshen Oktoba 1978, sojojin Uganda sun mamaye yankunan iyakar Tanzania a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba Amin ya ba da sanarwar cewa yana mamaye Kagera Salient a arewacin Tanzania. Tanzania ta dakatar da mamayewar kwatsam, ta tattara kungiyoyin adawa da Amin, kuma ta kaddamar da wani yunkuri. Nyerere ya gaya wa jami'an diflomasiyyar kasashen waje cewa bai yi niyyar kawar da Amin ba, amma kawai "yana koya masa darasi". Ba a yarda da da'awar ba; Nyerere ya raina Amin, kuma ya yi sanarwa ga wasu abokan aikinsa game da hambarar da shi. Gwamnatin Tanzaniya ta kuma ji cewa iyakar arewa ba za ta kasance mai aminci ba sai dai idan an kawar da barazanar da Amin ya gabatar. Bayan da Sojojin Tsaro na Jama'ar Tanzania (TPDF) suka sake karbar arewacin Tanzania, an nada Manjo Janar David Musuguri kwamandan 20th Division kuma an ba da umarnin turawa cikin yankin Uganda. A tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, an kai sojojin Libya zuwa Entebbe don taimakawa Sojojin Uganda. Shugaban Libya Muammar Gaddafi ya ji cewa Uganda, wata jiha ta Musulmi a ganinsa, sojojin Kirista suna barazana, kuma suna so su dakatar da Tanzaniyawa.

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1979 TPDF ta kwace Masaka. Nyerere da farko ya shirya dakatar da sojojinsa a can kuma ya ba da izinin 'yan gudun hijira na Uganda su kai hari Kampala, babban birnin Uganda, kuma su hambarar da Amin. Ya ji tsoron cewa al'amuran sojojin Tanzaniya da ke mamaye birnin ba za su nuna kyau a kan hoton kasar a kasashen waje ba. Koyaya, sojojin 'yan tawaye na Uganda ba su da ƙarfin kayar da rukunin Libya masu shigowa, don haka Nyerere ya yanke shawarar amfani da TPDF don karɓar babban birnin. A wannan lokacin, Sojojin Uganda sun nuna alamun farko na rushewa, yayin da manyan kwamandoji daban-daban suka ɓace ko kuma aka kashe su. Wani sojan Uganda ya bayyana a wata hira da Drum, mujallar Afirka ta Kudu, cewa "yanayin yana kara muni kowace rana sabili kwanakinmu suna ƙidaya". A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar TPDF ta 20 ta shirya don ci gaba daga Masaka zuwa Kampala.

 Gabatarwa 
Sojojin da ke goyon bayan Amin, wadanda suka hada da sojojin Uganda, Libya, da Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), sun kaddamar da babban hari a Lukaya a ranar 10 ga Maris 1979. Amin ya yi fatan cewa wannan aikin zai iya fitar da Tanzanians daga Uganda. Kodayake harin farko ya ci gaba da kyau, TPDF ta sake kai hari a ranar 11 ga Maris. Sojojin da suka yi mamakin Amin sun shawo kan su kuma sun ci nasara, wanda ya haifar da cikakkiyar rushewa. Wannan yaƙin ya rushe Sojojin Uganda gaba ɗaya, ya sa jami'ai da yawa da sojoji suka yi fice.

Kodayake Sojojin Uganda sun rushe bayan yakin Lukaya,  ba a ci nasarar mulkin Amin ba tukuna. Har yanzu Gaddafi ne ke tallafa masa wanda ya kara karfin aikin soja bayan Lukaya ta hanyar aika da kayan aikin soja da yawa da mambobi 2,000 na Militia na Jama'a don taimakon Amin. An gaya wa sojoji da yawa cewa ana tura su ne kawai don motsa jiki na hadin gwiwa ba don yaƙi ba. An kawo ma'aikata da kayan aiki zuwa filin jirgin sama na Entebbe a cikin jirgin sama na yau da kullun. Yawancin kayan aiki da kayan aikin soja an adana su a can saboda sojojin Uganda ba su da ikon rarraba su yadda ya kamata. Masu lura da kasashen waje kamar su Babban Lauyan Kenya Charles Njonjo sun bayyana a fili cewa gwamnatin Uganda har yanzu za ta iya ci gaba da iko saboda wannan muhimmiyar goyon bayan Libya. Koyaya, taimakon da ke shigowa na Libya ba shi da tasirin soja nan take, saboda sojojin Uganda ba su da ikon rarraba sabbin kayayyaki da kayan aikin soja yadda ya kamata.

 Yakin 

 Kashewar Tanzaniya na Mpigi 
alt=Map of Entebbe and surrounding locales, including Kampala, Mpigi, Mityana, and Entebbe|thumb|Taswirar Mpigi da wuraren da ke kewaye da shi
Sojojin da Tanzaniya ke jagoranta ba su tsaya ba bayan nasarar da suka samu a Lukaya, kuma a maimakon haka sun sabunta ci gaban su zuwa Kampala. Wannan hari an sanya shi da sunan "Operation Dada Idi",  kuma ya shafi Brigades na 201, 207 da 208.  Don tabbatar da hanyar zuwa Kampala, Tanzaniyawa sun yi niyyar kama Mpigi. Jami'an diflomasiyya sun ba da rahoton cewa Amin da farko ya shirya yin tsaro "tsarin karshe" a wannan gari mai mahimmanci kusa da Entebbe da kilomita 30 (48) kudu da Kampala. Koyaya, duk wani yunkuri na shirya kariya mai kyau ya sami cikas saboda rikici tsakanin sojojin Amin. Yankin da ke tsakanin Lukaya da Kampala ya "cike" da sojojin Uganda da Libya wadanda galibi suka yi ƙoƙari su gudu zuwa babban birnin. Sojojin Uganda da yawa sun yi watsi da su, sau da yawa suna ƙoƙarin tserewa daga arewa sannan su haye iyakar zuwa Zaire ko Sudan.

Tare da sojojin da ke goyon bayan Amin ba su da tsari, ci gaban farko na Tanzaniya bayan Lukaya bai gamu da juriya ba. Sojojin TPDF sun haɗu da bas ɗin da ke ɗauke da sojojin Uganda a Buwama wanda suka ɗauka ba tare da lalacewa ba, yayin da aka kashe 'yan Uganda ashirin yayin da suke ƙoƙarin tserewa da ƙafa. Daga bisani Tanzaniyawa sun huta a wani aikin Katolika a Mtola Maria, inda wasu daga cikin dakarun da suka gaji suka buga waƙar yabo ta Tanzaniya, Mungu ibariki Afrika, a cikin cocin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da Manjo Janar Musuguri rahotanni na leken asiri bisa ga abin da Mpigi ya kasance mai garkuwa da shi kuma ya karfafa shi da "dakarun Amin masu ƙarfi". Masanin tarihi Richard J. Reid ya bayyana cewa Shugaban Uganda ya sami nasarar tara kusan sojoji 3,000 na Sojojin Uganda, galibi daga asalin Sudan, da kuma karamin adadin sojojin Libya da PLO a garin. Sojojin PLO a karkashin Mahmoud Da'as an ruwaito sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a yunkurin kafa tsaro a kusa da Kampala. Musuguri don haka ya umarci Brigades na 207 da 208 su ci gaba kai tsaye a kan Mpigi, yayin da Brigade na 201 zai kewaye garin zuwa yamma, ya yanke hanya da layin dogo daga Fort Portal zuwa Kampala. A cikin tsammanin harin, sojojin Uganda sun karɓi cikakken iko da Mpigi yayin da fararen hula suka kwashe.

Yayin da Tanzaniyawa suka tabbatar da yankunan da ke kusa da Mpigi, sun yi karo da ƙungiyoyin sojojin da ke goyon bayan Amin na 'yan kwanaki. Mafi yawanci an hana shi da ruwan sama da wuri mai wahala a ci gaba, TPDF ta kashe kungiyoyi da yawa na Sojojin Uganda, ta kama tankuna da yawa, Masu dauke da makamai, bindigogi, Land Rovers, da bas. A halin yanzu, Brigade na 201 ya ci gaba da tafiya a kan hanyar Mityana. Sun gamu da sansanin Libya a gonar kofi kusa da Mityana, sun mamaye shi kuma sun kashe sojoji 30 na abokan gaba. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris brigade ta mamaye ƙauyen Kabolasoke. An tura ƙungiyar 'yan wasa 5 karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant Alfred Marwa zuwa yankin Matonga don yin amfani da hanyar Maddu-Mityana. Yayin da suke kammala wannan aikin wani farar hula da ke wucewa ya gargadi kungiyar cewa motar Sojojin Uganda tana gabatowa matsayinsu daga Mubende. Mutanen Tanzania sun yi kwanton bauna kuma sun bude wuta a kan motar yayin da take gabatowa. Mazaunanta - wani hafsan kwamandan Uganda da masu tsaronsa guda huɗu - sun nutse kuma sun tsere cikin daji ba tare da wata matsala ba, amma masu sabawa sun kwace motar su.

A cewar wani "babban jami'in Uganda" da aka yi gudun hijira, da dama daga cikin mambobin babban kwamandan Uganda sun bukaci Amin ya sauka a rabi na biyu na watan Maris. Shugaban ya ki yin hakan, yana kiran jami'an masu tsoro kuma yana mai cewa "Idan ba ku so ku yi yaƙi, zan yi da kaina. " Sakamakon haka ya kori Shugaban Sojoji Yusuf Gowon, kuma ya nada Ali Fadhul a matsayin maye gurbinsa.  A wani lokaci, ƙungiyar leken asiri ta Tanzania ta hango Amin yayin da yake isa Mpigi a cikin Mercedes-Benz, inda daga baya ya yi magana da sojoji a wani taro. Lokacin da aka sanar da kwamandojin TPDF na gaba, sun guji yin niyya ga Shugaban Uganda, saboda ba su da sha'awar ganin yiwuwar maye gurbinsa ya mika wuya da wuri kuma ya hana TPDF daga kama Kampala a yaƙi. A ranar 26 ga watan Maris, TPDF ta yanke hanyar tsakanin Kampala da Entebbe, ta hana ƙarin ƙarfafawa da kayan aiki daga isa babban birnin Uganda.

A wani lokaci, masu karewa a Mpigi sun narke, sun yi fashi da garin kafin su gudu zuwa Kampala. Tanzaniyawa ba su gamu da wata juriya ba lokacin da suka mamaye ƙauyen a ranar 28 ga Maris. 'yan Uganda sun ci gaba da fashi yayin da suke gudu, suna kwace mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu kuma suna neman motoci don hanzarta janyewarsu. Masanin tarihi Richard J. Reid ya yi jayayya cewa gwagwarmayar da ta faru a Mpigi ta zama "Amin ta ƙarshe". TPDF ta kafa bindigogi a Mpigi, kuma ta fara harbi Entebbe da Kampala. A wannan rana, Rediyon Uganda da majiyoyin gudun hijira sun bayyana cewa Mityana ta fada hannun TPDF. A wani lokaci a ƙarshen Maris, 'yan tawayen Tanzaniya da Uganda sun kashe kimanin' yan Libya goma sha biyu a cikin rikici a Kwalejin King's Budo; TPDF saboda haka ta mamaye filin kwalejin don saukar da wasu daga cikin dakarunta.

 Yakin da ke kewaye da Kampala da Entebbe 
A ƙarshen watan Maris, jami'an diflomasiyya sun kiyasta cewa rundunonin Sojojin Uganda guda biyu ne kawai da suka ƙidaya sojoji 2,500 suka kasance masu aminci ga Amin. Ko ta yaya, Shugaban Uganda da babban kwamandansa sun shirya don "showdown" a arewacin Mpigi, suna share yankin fararen hula. A cewar ɗan jarida Jonathan C.R., Amin ya yi "tsaron sarki" na "masu kwangila na Nubian da nasa 'yan kabilar Kakwa" don dakatar da ci gaban TPDF. Wannan rundunar ta ruwaito ta hada da Malire Battalion . Akwai rahotanni game da rikice-rikice da harbe-harbe a Kampala, mai yiwuwa ya shafi sojojin Sojojin Uganda masu tayar da kayar baya.

A lokaci guda, kwamandojin Tanzaniya sun canza shirin su na asali. Maimakon ya kai farmaki a Kampala, sun zaɓi su kai hari Entebbe da farko, bayan sun lura da babbar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta Libya da babban rundunar sojojin Uganda da Libya a tsibirin daga tsaunuka a Mpigi. Idan TPDF ta kwace Kampala kafin ta tabbatar da garin Entebbe, matsayin TPDF a Kampala zai kasance mai saukin kamuwa da hari. Don tallafawa harin a kan Entebbe, TPDF ta mamaye Katende kusa da Mpigi inda ta tura kamfani tankuna da Batirin bindigogi. Daga nan sai Tanzaniyawa suka ci gaba da kudu, suka mamaye sojojin Uganda da Libya a Nakawuka, inda suka kashe goma sha uku."How Mbarara, Kampala fell to Tanzanian army". Daily Monitor. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2018. Sojojin Uganda da sojojin Libya sun kaddamar da hare-hare tare da tankuna, BM-21 Grad masu jefa rokoki da yawa, da bindigogi masu yaki da tankuna a ranar 4 ga Afrilu. Aikin ya faru ne a wani shuka shayi ko kofi kusa da Lubowa, kimanin kilomita 5 (8.0) kudu da Kampala.   Wannan hari da sauri ya fadi a fuskar tsayayyar Tanzanian, wanda ya sa 'yan Uganda su gudu yayin da suke barin mafi yawan kayan aikin su a baya. An ruwaito cewa 'yan Libya sun sha wahala sosai. Bayan haka, sojojin da TPDF ke jagoranta sun mamaye Makindye, kilomita 2 (3.2  kudu da Kampala.

Har ila yau, a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Amin ya shirya kwamitin shiryawa na yaki guda hudu wanda ya kunshi 'yan jami'an da ke da aminci a gare shi: Ali Fadhul, Juma Oris, Hussein Marijan, da Juma Sabuni. A wannan lokacin, Amin ya ji tsoron ba kawai cin nasara a hannun Tanzaniyawa ba, har ma da juyin mulki na cikin gida. An ruwaito cewa ya aika da roko ga Siriya da Iraki don taimako, yayin da sojojin Libya suka fara barin matsayinsu a Kampala. A cikin wani taro a babban birnin, Amin har yanzu ya yi wa sojojinsa alkawarin cewa nasara ta kasance mai yiwuwa kuma ya bukaci su ci gaba da fada. A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, TPDF ta yi karo da rundunar Libya a Kisubi, inda aka kashe 'yan Libya 10 a cikin aiki, 13 aka kama, kuma da yawa sun nitse a cikin tafkin da ke kusa. Tanzaniyawa sun kewaye Entebbe a rana mai zuwa."How Mbarara, Kampala fell to Tanzanian army". Daily Monitor. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2018.

 Sakamakon haka 
Yawancin masu kare Uganda sun tsere daga Entebbe kafin Tanzaniyawa su fara kai hari a ƙasa, suna barin tsaron galibi a hannun sojojin Libya. Brigade na 208 ya kwace garin a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, wanda ya haifar da mummunan rauni a kan 'yan Libya. Yawancin sojojin Libya daga baya sun janye daga Uganda. Sojojin Uganda sun kasa rike layin tsaro a Lubowa .  TPDF ta ci gaba zuwa Kampala a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, tare da Brigade na 208 da ke kai hari daga Entebbe. An tabbatar da babban birnin tare da ƙaramin juriya washegari. Ayyukan yaƙi a Uganda sun ci gaba har zuwa 3 ga Yuni, lokacin da sojojin Tanzania suka isa iyakar Sudan kuma suka kawar da juriya ta ƙarshe.

 Manazarta 

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