Andimba Toivo ya Toivo

Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo (22 ga Agusta 1924 - 9 ga watan Yuni 2017) ɗan gwagwarmayar wariyar launin fata ne na Namibiya, ɗan siyasa kuma ɗan fursuna na siyasa. Ya Toivo ya kasance mai fafutuka a yunkurin samun 'yancin kai, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kungiyar jama'ar Kudu maso yammacin Afirka (SWAPO) a shekarar 1960, kuma kafin nan, ita ce kungiyar Ovamboland People's Organisation (OPO) a shekarar 1959.

Andimba ya girma a arewacin Namibiya, duk da haka ya yi ɗan lokaci a Cape Town a cikin shekarar 1950s. Ya shiga siyasa a can ya koma jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A baya a Namibiya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara kokewa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai na Namibiya. Saboda gwagwarmayar siyasarsa an yi masa shari'a a shekarar 1966 a ƙarƙashin dokar ta'addanci, kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari. Ya yi shekaru 16 a tsibirin Robben a cikin sashe ɗaya da Nelson Mandela, wanda abokinsa ne. An sake shi a cikin shekarar 1984 kuma ya koma SWAPO a matsayin babban sakatare a gudun hijira a Lusaka, Zambia. Ya Toivo ya koma Namibiya ne a shekarar 1989 bayan samun 'yancin kai a ƙasar, ya kuma taɓa zama ɗan majalisa da minista a gwamnatin farko ta Sam Nujoma. A shekara ta 2006 ya yi ritaya daga siyasa. Ya Toivo gwarzon ƙasa ne na Namibiya.

 Shekarun farko 
An haifi Andimba Toivo ya Toivo a ranar 22 ga watan Agustan 1924 a matsayin na biyu a cikin yara bakwai a Omangundu a Ovamboland, arewacin Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma.Profile at Namibian Parliament website . Ya halarci makarantar coci a Onayena amma yana yawan kiwon shanu, kamar yadda ya zama ruwan dare ga yara maza a wannan yanki.  Ya horar da zama kafinta a Makarantar Masana'antu ta Ongwediva tsakanin shekarun 1939 zuwa 1942.

A cikin shekara ta 1942 lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II Ya Toivo da son rai ya shiga Ƙungiyar Soja ta Ƙasar, ƙungiyar sojojin da ke wariyar launin fata na Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi yaki a ɓangaren Birtaniya na rundunar kawance.   kuma ya kai matsayin kofur a lokacin hidimarsa.   Lokacin da aka yi masa shari'a da ta'addanci a cikin shekara ta 1960s ya tuna da kwarin gwiwarsa kamar haka: Ubangijina, ka ga ya wajaba ka sanya ni matsoraci. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, sa’ad da ya bayyana cewa ƙasata da kuma ƙasarku suna fuskantar barazana daga gajimaren gajimare na ’yan Nazi, na yi kasada da raina don in kāre su biyun, sanye da riga mai riguna da lemu a ciki. Amma wasu daga cikin ƴan ƙasarku, lokacin da aka kira su yaƙi domin kare wayewa, sun yi zagon ƙasa ga ƙasarsu ta uba. Na ba da kai don fuskantar harsasai na Jamus, kuma a matsayina na mai gadin cibiyoyin soji, a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma da Jamhuriyyar, na shirya don zama wanda aka yi musu zagon ƙasa. A yau su ne ubangidanmu kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin jarumai, ni kuma ana ce da ni matsoraci.Bayan yakin ya yi aiki a wata gona kusa da Kalkfeld har sai da ya dawo Odibo ya yi makaranta a St Mary's Mission School don koyon Turanci.  Dole ne ya canza addininsa daga Lutheran zuwa Anglican don a shigar da shi. Ya kammala Standard 6 amma ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 1950, inda ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin malami, inda ya samu nasarar sarrafa kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Ondangwa. Toivo ya koyar a Makarantar St Cuthberth a Onamutayi da St. Mary's Odibo kafin ya tafi Afirka ta Kudu don ci gaba da karatu a shekarar 1951.

 Aikin siyasa 
Toivo ya bar Cape Town a shekarar 1951 kuma yana aiki a matsayin jami'in 'yan sandan jirgin ƙasa tsakanin shekarun 1952 zuwa 1953. Ya shiga ƙungiyoyin siyasa irin su Modern Youth Society (MYS), inda ya haɗu da Denis Goldberg. Ya zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar MYS, wacce ta shirya bukukuwa, laccoci, kungiyoyin tattaunawa da makarantun dare ga masu fafutuka da suka ci gaba da karatu. 

Ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a Cape Town a shekarar 1957. A wannan shekarar, ya kafa jam'iyyar Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC), wacce ta kasance ta farko a Ovamboland People's Organisation (OPO). Ya kuma kulla alaka ta kut-da-kut da jam'iyyun Afirka ta Kudu biyu wato Congress of Democrats da Liberal Party. Kungiyar ta OPC dai ta yi kokarin fafutukar kwato ‘yancin ma’aikatan baƙin haure, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu sun fice daga kungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (SWANLA). Kungiyar ta kuma yi wani yunkuri na nuna adawa da shigar ƙasar Namibiya cikin Afirka ta Kudu, don haka ta yi mubayi'a ta siyasa da sauran kungiyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu.

A watan Disamba 1958, Toivo, tare da taimakon Goldberg, ya aika da wani kaset zuwa Mburumba Kerina da Michael Scott da ke tattara bayanan take haƙƙin ɗan adam a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma, bayan da Cif Hosea Kutako ya ki amincewa da izinin hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu ya wakilci mutanensa a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.  An yi amfani da wannan don kai ƙarar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Saboda haka, an kore shi daga Cape Town, da farko zuwa Keetmanshoop da Windhoek daga baya zuwa Ovamboland, inda aka tsare shi a gidan kurkuku a ƙauyen su Okaloko. 

Toivo ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Leonard Auala daga Cocin Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango (ELOC). Saboda zurfin tushen OPO a cikin mutanen Ovambo, ELOC daga baya ya ba da goyon baya ga wannan yunkuri na 'yanci na ƙasa. Membobi da magoya bayan OPO suma ’yan kungiyar ne. Jama'a, coci da yunkurin 'yantar da ƙasa sun zo daidai. A ranar bikinta, 19 ga watan Afrilu, 1960, OPO ta sake zama Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu (SWAPO) a New York, Sam Nujoma ya sake zama shugaban sabuwar ƙungiyar. Bayan da aka sake gina shi, SWAPO ta kafa reshenta na soja, wato South West Africa Liberation Army (SWALA), a shekarar 1962, kuma ta kula da fara tayar da makamai da gwamnatin Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 1965. A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1966 an yi arangama da makami na farko na yakin kan iyaka na Afirka ta Kudu lokacin da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu suka kai hari kan 'yan ta'addar SWAPO a Omugulugwombashe. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba