Yarjejeniyar Évian

Yarjejeniyar Évian wani tsari ne na sanarwa tsakanin gwamnatin Faransa da gwamnatin wucin gadi ta jamhuriyar Aljeriya a ranar 18 ga watan Maris 1962 a Évian-les-Bains wanda ya bayyana yarjejeniyoyin 'Yancin Aljeriya tare da haɗin gwiwa da Faransa.  Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi babi biyar waɗanda ke dalla-dalla dalla-dalla da lamuni da shuwagabannin wannan 'Yancin.  Yarjejeniyar dai ta kawo ƙarshen yakin Aljeriya tare da tsagaita buɗe wuta da aka ayyana a ranar 19 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 1962, kuma ta tabbatar da matsayin ƙasar Aljeriya a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. 

 Tarihi 
Farkon yakin Aljeriya a shekara ta 1954 ya fito daga wani yunkuri na kishin ƙasa na Aljeriya. An buƙaci jama'ar da su yi yaki a yakin duniya na biyu tare da Faransa. A madadin aikinsu, sun buƙaci ƙarin haƙƙoƙin siyasa da tattalin arziki waɗanda aka ƙi.  Rikicin da ke tsakanin ɓangarori biyu ya taso ne a lokacin da jam'iyyar National Liberation Front (FLN) ta yi kira ga 'yancin kai a cikin sanarwar da ta yi na 1 ga Nuwamba 1954 .  Gwamnatin Faransa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pierre Mendès Faransa ta ki amincewa da buƙatunsa saboda matsin lamba da masu fafutuka suka kafa da kuma yanayin siyasa a Faransa. 

Yakin ya ƙara tsananta har zuwa shekarar 1958 da kawo ƙarshen jamhuriya ta huɗu  da zuwan Charles de Gaulle kan ƙaragar mulki. Wannan ya hanzarta aiwatar da 'Yancin kai. A ranar 16 ga watan Satumban 1959, De Gaulle ya amince da ka'idar cin gashin kai ga Aljeriya.  Ya amince da FLN a matsayin zaɓaɓɓiyyar mai shiga tsakani don yin shawarwari kan sharuɗɗan samun 'yancin kai wanda ya kai ga jefa ƙuri'ar raba gardama kan 'yancin kai na Aljeriya a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu 1961 ga Faransa da Aljeriya. Sakamakon kuri'ar raba gardama dai shi ne tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin gwamnatin Faransa da FLN a Evian tsakanin 7 ga watan Maris zuwa 18 ga watan Maris, 1962 wanda ya kai ga cimma yarjejeniyar. 

 Abubuwan dake ciki 

 Takaitawa 
Yarjejeniyar Évian ta ƙunshi shafuka 93 na yarjejeniya da tsare-tsare. Yarjejeniyar ta shafi shirye-shiryen tsagaita buɗe wuta, sakin fursunonin, amincewa da cikakken 'yancin kai da 'yancin cin gashin kai na Aljeriya. Har ila yau, sun yi cikakken bayyani na kariya, rashin nuna bambanci, da haƙƙin mallaka ga duk 'yan ƙasar Aljeriya. "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578. Wani sashe da ke magana kan harkokin soji ya bayyana janyewar sojojin Faransa na tsawon shekaru biyu, in ban da waɗanda ke sansanin sojojin Faransa na Mers El Kebir.  Wasu tanade-tanade sun yi alkawarin cewa ba za a sanya takunkumi ga duk wani abu da aka aikata kafin tsagaita buɗe wuta ba.

 Babi na 1: Tsara Manufofin Jama'a A Lokacin Sauyin Mulki da Garantin Ƙaddamar Kai 
Babi na ɗaya ya bayyana cewa, za a gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama don tabbatar da 'yancin kai na Aljeriya ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Faransa. "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578. An kafa shi cewa idan kuri'ar yancin kai ta yi nasara, za a amince da National Liberation Front (FLN) a matsayin kungiyar siyasa ta doka.

 Babi na biyu: 'Yanci da Haɗin kai 
Babi na biyu ya tabo batun ‘yancin kai na Aljeriya, da abin da haɗin gwiwarta da Faransa zai kunsa. Ta bayyana cewa, bayan kaɗa kuri'ar cin gashin kai, ƙasar Aljeriya za ta gudanar da cikakken samun 'yancin kanta. "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578. Har ila yau, wannan sashe ya tabbatar da muradun Faransa don musaya ga samar da taimakon fasaha da al'adu na Faransa, da taimakon zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Waɗannan buƙatu sun yi tsokaci ne musamman kan yadda ake gudanar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da Faransa ta ba da, fifiko wajen bai wa kamfanonin ƙasar Faransa sabbin muƙaman hakar ma'adinai, da kuma sayan iskar gas na Saharan da za a gudanar da shi a cikin francs.

 Babi na 3: daidaita Tambayoyin Soja 
Babi na uku ya taɓo batun janyewar sojojin Faransa daga yankin Aljeriya. An tabbatar da cewa sannu a hankali za a rage su bayan tsagaita buɗe wuta na farko, da kuma janye su gaba ɗaya daga kan iyakokin Aljeriya bayan kuri'ar cin gashin kai. "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578.

Har ila yau, wannan sashe ya yi ishara da yarjejeniyoyin haɗin gwiwar sojan ƙasar Aljeriya da Faransa, inda suka ce a ba da hayar sansanin sojojin ruwa na Mets-el-Kebir da ke Oran zuwa Faransa na tsawon shekaru 15. Har ila yau, ta bai wa Faransa damar samun filayen saukar jiragen sama da dama a cikin yankin Aljeriya. "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578.

 Babi na 4: Gyaran Shari'a 
Babi na huɗu ya baiwa jihohin biyu damar zuwa kotun duniya idan duk wani bambance-bambancen da ya taso ba za a iya warware shi ta hanyar sasantawa ba. "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578.

 Babi Na Biyar: Sakamakon Ɗaukar Kai 
Babi na biyar ya fayyace sakamakon ‘yancin kai kamar haka: "Algeria: France-Algeria independence agreements (Evian agreements)". International Legal Materials. 1 (2): 214–230. 1962. ISSN 0020-7829. JSTOR 20689578. Faransa za ta amince da ‘Yancin Aljeriya daga Faransa nan take, za a tabbatar da miƙa mulki, duk wasu ka’idoji za su fara aiki a lokaci guda, sannan kuma hukumar zartaswa ta wucin gadi za ta shirya zaɓen majalisar dokokin Aljeriya a cikin makonni uku.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba