Afrapix

Afrapix wata hukuma ce ta masu daukar hoto da masu sana'a wadanda suka yi adawa da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu kuma suka rubuta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1980. An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1982 kuma ta rushe kanta a shekarar 1991.

 Game da Afrapix 
Afrapix ta sami tallafi mai zaman kanta daga membobinta, wadanda baƙar fata ne da fari. Kungiyar ta sami ra'ayoyi na kasa da kasa, yayin da aka yi amfani da hotunan su a duk faɗin duniya. Oxfam ta yi amfani da hotuna da wasu mambobin Afrapix suka dauka don kwatanta littafin su na 1990 'Muna kuka don ƙasarmu: Ma'aikatan gona a Afirka ta Kudu', kuma an yi amfani da wasu hotunan Afrapiw a cikin Oxfam's 'Front Line Africa: The Right to a Future' (1990). Membobin Afrapix sun ɗauki hotunan ayyukansu kuma sun gudanar da bita a cikin al'ummomin baƙar fata waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan daukar hoto da karatu da rubutu ta hanyar zane-zane. Membobin Afrapix sun raba ilimin fasaha yayin da suke jagorantar mutane a waɗannan yankuna.

Kamar yadda aka san lokacin da "shekaru na gwagwarmaya," hotuna da ayyukan da aka samar ta hanyar Afrapix an lakafta su da "hoton gwagwarmayar". Yawancin masu daukar hoto sun dauki kansu a matsayin masu gwagwargwaje na siyasa ko suna da ajanda na siyasa, kuma sun yi aiki don wayar da kan jama'a game da mugunta na wariyar launin fata. Masu zane-zane daban-daban na Afrapix sun yarda cewa su ƙungiya ce da ke aiki da wariyar launin fata, amma wahayi sun fito ne daga wurare daban-daban.

Yawancin hotunan sun kasance na tarurruka ko zanga-zangar, lokuta na zalunci na iko, da kuma yankuna masu talauci. Kylie Thomas ta ba da shawarar cewa tarihin daukar hoto na zamantakewa a zamanin Afrapix mai yiwuwa ya fi rikitarwa da bambanci fiye da yadda ake ba da shawara, musamman lokacin da ake nazarin aikin mata masu daukar hoto kamar Gille De Vlieg  da Gisèle Wulfsohn.Kylie Thomas, "Wounding apertures: Violence, affect and photography during and after apartheid", Kronos 38 (2012). Annabelle Wienand, "Portraits, publics and politics: Gisele Wulfsohn's photographs of HIV/AIDS, 1987–2007", Kronos 38 (2012)."Afrapix timeline 1978–1991", South Africa History Online.

Ana iya samun cikakken jadawalin Afrapix a shafin yanar gizon Tarihin Tarihin SA.

 Ka'idoji da Manufofin 
Paul Weinberg, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Afrapix, ya ce Afrapich na da niyyar zama "ofishin hukuma da ɗakin karatu na hoto da kuma motsa daukar hoto" (duba 'Art and the End of Apartheid', Peffer, 2009, shafi na 254) kuma ya saita wannan a cikin mahallin ranar: Ba za a iya raba daukar hoto daga batutuwan siyasa, zamantakewa da ke kewaye da mu kowace rana ba. A matsayin masu daukar hoto muna da hannu sosai a cikin waɗannan matakai - ba kayan aiki ba ne amma muna taka rawa a hanyar da muka zaɓa don yin maganganunmu.

 Mambobin 
Joseph Alfers, Peter Auf de Hyder, Omar Badsha, Steve Hilton Barber, Gille na Vlieg, Graham Goddard, Dave Hartman, Lesley Lawson, Chris Ledochowski, John Liebenberg, Herbert Mabuza, Humphrey Phakade "Pax" Magwaza, Kentridge Matabatha, Rafique Mayet, Mxolise Mayo, Vuyi Lesley Mbalo, Peter McKenzie, Roger Meintjies, Eric Miller, Santu Mofokeng, Des Moodliar, Cedric Nunn, Billy Paddock, Rajg Paul Pargne, Zulberg, Z Z Z Zonn, Z Zube, Zullyberg, Zonn, Ze Ze Ze Zezberg, Zul

 Rikici 
Masu daukar hoto sun sanya kansu cikin hadari a duk lokacin da suka yi aiki, saboda cewa hukumomi na iya doke su ko ma su harbe su.

Yayinda suke aiki a garuruwa, an kwace ayyukansu a wasu lokuta. An sace kayan aikin wasu mambobin Afrapix. Kulawar 'yan sanda na tsaro ya sanya yanayi da wuya. Hakanan ana iya tsare masu daukar hoto ba bisa ka'ida ba.

Tun da babu mutum ɗaya ko mutanen da ke kula da Afrapix, akwai bambance-bambance na ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyin tsakanin membobin. Saboda wannan, rashin jituwa ya faru da kuma rarrabuwa tsakanin bangaren siyasa da bangaren takardun mutum, wanda daga baya za a kira shi Southlight.

Har ila yau, akwai zargi da yawa game da ƙungiyar Afrapix. Wasu sun kalli shi da mummunar ra'ayi wadanda suka yi tunanin kungiyar ta nuna kawai baƙar fata na Afirka a matsayin marasa iko. Masu daukar hoto na Afrapix da kansu sun ce sun ji matsin lamba don cika ra'ayoyin su ta hanyar hotunan su.

 Ayyuka 

 Omar Badsha, ed. Afirka ta Kudu: Zuciya mai laushi: Essays . Cape Town: Gallery Press; New York: Norton, 1986.  . 
 Omar Badsha da sauransu, eds. Bayan barricades: Shahararren juriya a Afirka ta Kudu: Hotuna daga masu daukar hoto na Afirka ta Kudu ashirin. New York: Aperture, 1989.  ISBN 0-89381-375-3. 
 [Hasiya] Daga kyamarar Verborgen: Zuidafrikaanse aan hoto na censuur ontkomen = Hidden Camera: Hoto na Afirka ta Kudu ya tsere daga Censorship. Amsterdam: Stichting CASA, 1989.  ISBN 9035107411. 
 Wendy Davies, Muna kuka don ƙasarmu: Ma'aikatan gona a Afirka ta Kudu. Oxfam 1990.  ISBN 0-85598-143-1
 Susannah Smith, Front Line Africa: Hakkin Makomar . Oxfam 1990.  ISBN 0-85598-103-2

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba