Jagoran jaha

Shugaban kasa shi ne mutuniyar jama'a ta kasa mai iko.Foakes, pp. 110–11 "[The head of state] being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." Sunan da aka bai wa ofishin shugaban kasa ya dogara ne da tsarin mulkin kasar da kuma duk wani rabon mulki; ikon ofis a kowace kasa ya bambanta daga kasancewa kuma shugaban gwamnati zuwa zama dan kadan fiye da shugaban biki.

A tsarin majalisa, kamar Indiya ko Ingila, shugaban kasa yawanci yana da iko na biki, tare da shugaban gwamnati na daban.[2]. Sai dai kuma, a wasu tsare-tsaren majalisar, kamar Afirka ta Kudu, akwai shugaban zartaswa wanda shi ne shugaban kasa da kuma shugaban gwamnati. Hakazalika, a wasu tsarin majalisar shugaban kasa ba shi ne shugaban gwamnati ba, amma har yanzu yana da iko sosai, misali kasar Maroko. 

A halin yanzu, a tsarin shugaban kasa, shugaban kasa kuma shi ne shugaban gwamnati.,Foakes, pp. 110–11 "[The head of state] being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." A jahohin gurguzu mai jam’iyya daya, matsayin shugaban kasa ba shi da wani iko na zahiri shi kadai; duk da haka, tun da irin wannan shugaban a matsayin al'ada, a lokaci guda yana rike da babban sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminisanci, su ne shugabannin zartarwa da ikonsu ya samo asali daga matsayinsu na shugaban jam'iyya, maimakon ofishin shugaban kasa.

Tsohon shugaban Faransa Charles de Gaulle, yayin da yake inganta kundin tsarin mulkin Faransa na yanzu (1958), ya ce ya kamata shugaban kasa ya sanya l'esprit de la al'umma ("ruhun al'umma").Kubicek, Paul (2015). European Politics. Routledge. pp. 154–56, 163. ISBN 978-1-317-34853-5
Tsarin  mulki

Wannan sashe yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani don tabbatarwa. Da fatan za a taimaka inganta wannan labarin ta ƙara ambato zuwa amintattun tushe a wannan sashe. Ana iya ƙalubalanci abubuwan da ba a samo su ba kuma a cire su. (Nuwamba 2012) (Koyi yadda da kuma lokacin da ake cire wannan saƙon)

Fadar Grassalkovich a Bratislava ita ce wurin zama na shugaban Slovakia.
Wasu marubutan ilimi suna tattauna jihohi da gwamnatoci ta fuskar “samfuri”.,"Whose Europe? National Models and the Constitution of the European Union", 10.2139/ssrn.2288315

Kasa mai cin gashin kanta a kullum tana da shugaban kasa, kuma tana kayyade iyakar ikon zartarwa na shugabanta na gwamnati ko ayyukan wakilci na hukuma.Watts Dangane da ka’ida: Shugaban wata kasa mai cin gashin kanta, yawanci ana bayyana shi a matsayin mutumin da, bisa tsarin tsarin mulkin wannan jiha, shi ne sarki mai mulki, a cikin tsarin sarauta; ko kuma shugaban kasa, a yanayin jamhuriya.

Daga cikin kundin tsarin mulki na jihohi (tushen dokokin) da suka kafa tsarin siyasa daban-daban, ana iya bambanta manyan nau'ikan shugabannin kasashe hudu.

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