First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline

Bututun Ruwan Ruwa na Farko na Vienna 
(I. Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung) babban yanki ne na samar da ruwan Vienna kuma shine farkon tushen tsaftataccen ruwan sha ga wannan birni. An buɗe layin dogon kilomita 95 a ranar 24 ga Oktoban shekarar 1873, bayan shekaru huɗu na ginin. A yau, tana isar da mitoci cubic miliyan 62 na ruwa a shekara (kashi 53 cikin 100 na yawan wadatar da Vienna a shekarar 2007). Ruwan ya fito ne daga manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a yankunan Rax da Schneeberg a Kudancin Lower Austria da Styria.http://www.magwien.gv.at/wienwasser/qualitaet/ergebnis.html

 Tarihi 
Farawa zuwa 1910

Dalilin halittarsa

Ruwan ruwan Vienna ya samo asali ne daga rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Idan babu tsarin magudanar ruwa mai aiki, ingancin ruwan ƙasa ya tafi daga muni zuwa muni, yana haifar da cututtuka da annoba. An gina bututun ruwa mai ƙarfi, to amma waɗannan da farko sun amfana da masu hannu da shuni da manyan cibiyoyi. Yawancin jama'a sun dogara da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da ke manne da rijiyoyi.

An gina bututun ruwa na farko wanda ya ba da ƙarin ɗaukar hoto a cikin 1803-1804, yana kawo ruwa daga Hütteldorf. Vienna yana girma da sauri don wadata ya isa don haka, a cikin 1836, an gina Emperor Ferdinand Aqueduct. Ya samar da ruwa mai tacewa daga mashigar Danube. Da farko, an yarda da ingancin ruwa, amma tasirin tacewa a hankali ya ragu kuma haɗarin lafiya ya dawo. Bukatar kuma ta ci gaba da wuce gona da iri.

A ƙarshen 1850s, an gabatar da ayyuka da yawa don karkatar da ruwa daga wasu hanyoyin, kuma an yi nazari don ƙididdige adadin ruwan da ake buƙata. Wadannan binciken sun yi la'akari da ba kawai ruwan sha ba, amma masana'antu, ban ruwa, yayyafa hanyoyi, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da wuraren wanka da.

 Nemo tushe 
Babban abin la'akari shi ne cewa ruwan ya kamata ya samo asali ne daga wani tsayi mai tsayi, ta yadda nauyi, maimakon famfo, zai wadatar da aikin. An yi la'akari da Traisen da farko, kuma an ƙi, saboda yawan zafin ruwa a lokacin bazara da damuwa game da tsarkinsa. Daga baya an ƙi Pitten, Schwarza da Leitha saboda dalilai iri ɗaya. An yi watsi da Fischa ne saboda damuwa da kamfanonin da ke amfani da kogin a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki da kuma yiwuwar gurɓata daga takin ammoniya. A ƙarshe hankali ya juya zuwa yanki tsakanin Rax, Schneeberg da Würflach.

Bayanan da aka tattara daga waɗannan binciken Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Birni ta taƙaita ta kuma gabatar da ita ga Majalisar Birni a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1861. Daga baya, a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1861, an gayyaci kamfanonin injiniya na waje da na cikin gida don gabatar da tsare-tsare da tayin aikin da aka tsara. An gabatar da tayi goma sha biyu kuma an ba da shawarwari daban-daban; biyu daga cikinsu sun mayar da hankali kan yankin Rax-Schneeberg.

 Kafa Hukumar Samar da Ruwa 
Eduard Suess

A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1862, Majalisar Birni ta kafa kwamiti mai wakilai goma sha biyu don aiwatar da binciken da ya dace da takarda. Daga cikin mambobin hukumar akwai Cajetan Felder (masanin ilimin halitta), Ludwig Förster (masanin gine-gine) da August Zang (mawallafi). An nada Eduard Suess (masanin ilimin kasa) ya maye gurbin Förster bayan mutuwar marigayin a shekara ta 1863. A cikin bazara na wannan shekarar, hukumar ta fara bincikar wuraren da aka tsara da kuma ayyuka. Karatun nasu ya kara girma, daga karshe sun yi nazari a yankin da ke kusa da Höllental, wanda suka bayyana cewa ya dace da manufofin aikin.

Suess ta rubuta "Rahoto kan binciken Hukumar Samar da Ruwa na Majalisar Municipal na Vienna" a cikin 1864 kuma Majalisar ta buga. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hanyoyin guda uku na Kaiserbrunnen, Stixenstein da Alta za su samar da ruwa mai inganci kuma duk da cewa ya fi tsayi fiye da hanyar zuwa Fischa, zai fi tsada saboda babu tashar famfo da zai zama dole. An gabatar da rahoton ga ƙungiyar kwararru kuma an tabbatar da shi a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1864. Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Imperial ta ba da goyon bayansu ga shawarar ƙarshe kuma Majalisar ta amince da shi a ranar 12 ga Yuli ta hanyar kuri'a na 94 zuwa 2.

 Tafki a Rosenhügel 
Wadanda ke da hannu a cikin shirin sun kasu kashi biyu. Sashen Farko ne ke da alhakin tushen bututun da tafki. Sashen na biyu ya kula da hanyar bututun kuma yana aiki a cikin iyakokin birnin Vienna. An yi aikin ne a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carl Junker, injiniyan farar hula, da Karl Gabriel, Injiniyan Birni.

An kammala shirye-shiryen a kusa da ƙarshen Oktoba a cikin 1865 kuma an nuna wa jama'a a Palais Augarten a watan Disamba. Wani kwamitin kwararru ya binciki tsare-tsaren kuma ya ba da amincewarsu a watan Fabrairu, 1866. A ranar 25 ga Mayu na wannan shekarar, an gabatar da tsare-tsare ga majalisar birnin don amincewa ta karshe kuma bayan doguwar muhawara, an ba da izinin ci gaba da aikin a ranar 19 ga Yuni. Bayan kammala ayyukan da aka ba ta, an rusa asalin hukumar samar da ruwan sha a ranar 3 ga watan Yuli, aka maye gurbinsu da sabuwar hukumar mambobi ashirin da daya da za ta kula da ainihin aikin. Yawancin kwamishinoni na asali an tsare su.

An ba da izini na farko na gine-gine a cikin Yuli 1868. Masu mallakar filaye na gida da masu aikin masana'antu a kusa da Schwarza sun tayar da rashin amincewa, amma Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta ƙi a ranar 22 ga Maris 1869.

 Samun tushe 
Stixenstein

Tushen Stixenstein, kusa da Schloss Stixenstein a Sieding mallakar Count Ernst Karl von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein. Birnin Vienna ya sanar da shi cewa sun yi niyya don samun dukiya ta hanyar haƙƙin mallakar jama'a tun a farkon 27 Yuli 1864. Ko da yake ya gabatar da sharuɗɗa da yawa, babu wanda aka yi la'akari da shi mai wuyar gaske kuma an amince da kwangilar da Kotun Yanki a ranar 11 ga Agusta 1868. A sakamakon "bayar da gudummawa" an sanya shi dan kasa mai daraja na Vienna a 1873.

Kaiserbrunnen

Hasumiyar ruwa a Kaiserbrunnen

A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1864, wani Tawaga ya nemi masu sauraro tare da Sarkin sarakuna Franz Joseph I da su nemi ya mika masa bukatunsa a Kaiserbrunnen cikin alheri zuwa birnin Vienna.

A ranar 1 ga Mayun 1865, a bukin budewa na Ringstraße, Sarkin sarakuna ya bayyana cewa zai gabatar da Kaiserbrunnen ga birnin a matsayin kyauta. Ma'aikatar Kudi dai, ta gabatar da bukatar a biya su kudin alawus din da kuma tattaunawa. An yanke shawara a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1867 wani mai sauraro tare da Sarkin sarakuna, ya biyo bayan ƙarin shawarwari, wanda ya kai ga sanya hannu kan kwangila a ranar 6 ga Maris 1868.

 Gina rami na farko 
Bayan bayar da izinin gine-gine, an bincika tayin kuma an ba da kwangilar ga Antonio Gabrielli, ɗan kwangila daga London, a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1869.

An fara ginin a hukumance a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1870. Sarkin sarakuna da kansa ya juya datti na farko a Rosenhügel. A gaskiya ma, an fara ginin a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1869, tare da fashewa don rami a Höllental. Saboda wasu matsaloli na farko, an sake ƙiyasta ranar kammala aikin zuwa Yuli, 1874. Gabrielli ya ba da ɗayan sassan aikin ga ɗan kwangila. An ba da aikin rami ga Franz Schlögl, masanin gine-ginen Viennese, wanda bai kai ga aikin ba kuma an cire shi daga aikin a watan Agusta, 1870.

Fadowa gaba daga jinkiri a bayarwa, Gabrielli ya juya ga Ministan War don taimakawa tare da rami amma, maimakon 250 maza da ya nema, an sanya shi kawai 70 sappers. Bayan shiga tsakani da birnin Vienna, Ma'aikatar Yaƙi ta aika da ƙarin mutane kuma an kammala sashin rami na ƙarshe a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1872.

 Gina a Vienna 
Baden Aqueduct kudu da Helenenstraße

A ranar 5 ga Afrilun 1870, Majalisar Birni ta amince da wata shawara ta Hukumar Samar da Ruwa tare da keɓe kamfanoni uku don samar da bututun da ake buƙata a cikin birane. Waɗannan su ne: Prager Eisenindustrie-Gesellschaft (wanda ke cikin Kladno), Gambier et Cie. (daga La Louvière, Belgium) da Neuberg-Mariazeller Gewerkschaft. Duk da haka, Gambier ya gamu da matsaloli wajen isar da bututunsu saboda Yaƙin Franco-Prussian, don haka aka mayar da yawancin kwangilar su zuwa masana'antu da ke kusa da Moravia. Yawancin bututun an gwada su bayan an shimfiɗa su kuma ba su kai matsayin ba, don haka an ƙara kauri daga bangon bututun kuma an sake sake fasalin tsarin gabaɗaya don hana ruwa ya yi yawa a wuraren da ke ƙasa.

Saboda rashin ruwa a shekara ta 1873, an nemi Gabrielli ya hanzarta aikinsa don a iya ƙara yawan kayan aiki nan da Oktoba. Majalisar birni ta amince da biyan kuɗi na musamman don wannan dalili. An kammala ginin sosai a watan Agusta. Babban abin da ya faru a bikin budewa a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1873 shine sadaukarwar maɓuɓɓugar jet akan Schwarzenbergplatz da Sarkin sarakuna ya yi.[1]

Duk da haka, duk da haka, ba a kammala aikin ba har zuwa Yuli 1874. An bincika rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu don haɗarin lafiya kuma, idan an gano su, gidajen da suke hidima dole ne a haɗa su da sabon tsarin kuma an rufe tsoffin rijiyoyin. A shekara ta 1883, kashi 80 cikin 100 na gidajen da ke Vienna suna samun ruwansu daga sabbin bututun. Ya zuwa 1888, wannan ya karu zuwa 91%. Saboda karuwar yawan jama'a, dole ne a ƙara tashar famfo a Breitensee a 1896. Zuwa 1899, an ƙara wani tashar famfo akan Wienerbergstraße. A cikin 1908 da 1909, birnin ya sake samun kansa yana fuskantar ƙarancin ƙaranci kuma, duk da adawa da buƙatun masana'antu, ya ɗauki matakan tsagaita wuta don tabbatar da isasshen ruwan sha har sai an kammala bututun ruwa na tsaunin Vienna na biyu.

Daga 1910 zuwa 1938

Taswirar Bututun Ruwan Dutsen Vienna

Gidan aunawa a Kaiserbrunn

Bayan buɗe bututun na biyu a cikin 1910, ƙarin saka hannun jari a bututun na farko bai zama dole ba.

A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1914, lokacin yakin duniya na farko, duka bututun biyu sun zama kamfanoni masu kariya ta gwamnati ta Dokar Imperial. Sakamakon haka, lura da layukan, wanda ma'aikatan birni da masu aikin sa kai suka saba gudanarwa, ya zama alhakin Landsturm.

Bayan yakin, yawan mutanen Vienna ya ragu da kusan 326,000 kuma matsalar tattalin arziki da ta biyo baya ta rage ayyukan tattalin arziki don haka birnin ya sami kanta da rarar ruwa da aka kai ga al'ummomin da ke kusa da su kamar Klosterneuburg, Schwechat, Brunn am Gebirge da sauransu. Amma, a lokacin bazara na 1928 da 1929, yankin ya fuskanci fari, wanda ya sake tilasta neman sababbin hanyoyin ruwa. An kafa tashar famfo na wucin gadi akan Naßbach, kusa da haduwarta da Preinbach, amma wannan ruwan ya zama dole a sanya masa sinadarin chlorinated. A ƙarshe an maye gurbin wannan famfo da famfo mai ƙarfin lantarki a magudanar ruwan bututun. A cikin 1930, an inganta tushen a Kaiserbrunnen, ciki har da "ɗakin mita" wanda zai samar da ma'auni na ma'aunin ruwa.