Lardin Katanga

Katanga na ɗaya daga cikin manyan larduna huɗu da aka kirkira a Belgian Congo a shekara ta 1914. Yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna goma sha ɗaya na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo tsakanin 1966 da 2015, lokacin da aka raba shi zuwa lardunan Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, da Haut-Katanga. Tsakanin 1971 da 1997 (a lokacin mulkin Mobutu Sese Seko lokacin da aka san Kongo da Zaire), sunanta na hukuma shine Lardin Shaba. 

Yankin Katanga ya kunshi  kilomita 497,000 (192,000 sq. Ana gudanar da noma da kiwo a kan Katanga Plateau. Yankin gabashin lardin yanki ne mai arziki wanda ke samar da cobalt, jan ƙarfe, tin, radium, uranium, da lu'u-lu'u. Tsohon babban birnin yankin, Lubumbashi, shine birni na biyu mafi girma a Kongo.

 Tarihi 
Ma'adinai na jan ƙarfe a Katanga sun samo asali ne sama da shekaru 1,000, kuma ma'adanai a yankin suna samar da ingots masu girman jan ƙarfe don sufuri na duniya a ƙarshen karni na 10 AZ.

In the 1890s, the province was beleaguered from the south by Cecil Rhodes' Northern Rhodesia, and from the north by the Belgian Congo, the personal possession of King Leopold II of Belgium. Msiri, the King of Katanga, (no such title exist, Msiri is a title for local authority in area controlled by Kazembe) held out against both, but eventually Katanga was subsumed by the Belgian Congo.

Bayan 1900, Societe Generale de Belgique kusan ta mallaki duk hakar ma'adinai a lardin ta hanyar Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK). Wannan ya hada da uranium, radium, jan ƙarfe, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, germanium, Manganese, azurfa, zinariya, da tin.

A cikin 1915, ajiyar pitchblende da sauran ma'adanai na uranium na matsayi mafi girma fiye da yadda aka taɓa samu a ko'ina cikin duniya kuma mafi girma fiye le duk wanda aka samu tun lokacin da aka gano su a Shinkolobwe. UMHK ta ɓoye binciken. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ƙare an gina masana'anta a Olen; an ɗaga sirrin a ƙarshen 1922 tare da sanarwar samar da gram na farko na radium daga pitchblende. A farkon yakin duniya na biyu, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai "sun kafa jihar a cikin Belgian Congo". Mine na Shinkolobwe kusa da Jadotville (yanzu Likasi) ya kasance a tsakiyar Manhattan Project
A shekara ta 1960, bayan Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (wanda ake kira Jamhuriwar Kongo a lokacin) ta sami 'yancin kai daga Belgium, UMHK, Moise Tshombe da Godefroid Munongo sun goyi bayan rabuwa da lardin Katanga daga Kongo. Belgium ce ta goyi bayan wannan amma Firayim Minista na Kongo Patrice Lumumba ya yi adawa da shi. Wannan ya haifar da kisan Lumumba da Katanga Crisis (ko "Congo Crisis"), wanda ya kasance daga 1960 zuwa 1965. Jihar Katanga ta kasance daga 1960 zuwa 1963, sannan aka sake dawo da ita.

A shekara ta 2005, sabon kundin tsarin mulki ya bayyana cewa za a raba Katanga zuwa larduna daban-daban.

Sojoji irin su Mai Mai Kata Katanga karkashin jagorancin Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga sun yi yaƙi don Katanga ta rabu, kuma ƙungiyarsa ta ɗan karɓi babban birnin lardin Lubumbashi a cikin 2013.

A cikin 2015, an raba lardin Katanga zuwa lardunan tsarin mulki na Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, da Haut-Katanga . 

 Tattalin Arziki 
Ma'adinai na jan ƙarfe wani muhimmin bangare ne na tattalin arzikin lardin Katanga .  Har ila yau, hakar ma'adinai ta hanyar kwangila ta mutum yana da yawa. An gabatar da dalilai da yawa don gazawar dukiyar ma'adinai mai yawa na lardin don kara yawan yanayin rayuwa. Kasafin kudin lardin ya kai dala miliyan 440 a shekarar 2011. 

 Ma'adinai 

Lubumbashi, babban birnin hakar ma'adinai na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, cibiyar cibiyar manyan kamfanonin hakar ma-adinai ne na kasar. Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo tana samar da "fiye da kashi 3 cikin 100 na jan ƙarfe na duniya da rabin cobalt, mafi yawansu sun fito ne daga Katanga".

 Sufuri 
Jirgin kasa na Kongo yana ba da lardin Katanga tare da iyakantaccen sabis na jirgin ƙasa wanda ke tsakiyar Lubumbashi. Amincewa yana da iyaka. Filin jirgin saman Lubumbashi yana arewa maso gabashin Lubumbashi . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, wani jirgin kasa ya kashe mutane 63.

 Mutane 

 Laurent-Désiré Kabila, tsohon shugaban Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
 Moise Tshombe, tsohon shugaban jihar Katanga
 Barbara Kanam, sanannen mawaƙi
 Frédéric Kibassa Maliba, tsohon shugaban adawa kuma shugaban UDPS
 Odilon Kafitwe wa pa Bowa, tsohon ministan kasa na Zaire kuma shugaban UFERI
 Lunda Bululu, tsohon Firayim Minista na Zaire
 Godefroid Munongo, ɗan siyasa

 Dubi kuma 

 Yankin jan ƙarfe na Afirka ta Tsakiya
 Jihar Congo Free
 Kwallon Kwallon Kwando
 Jerin gwamnonin Katanga
 Tarihi Lubumbashi da jerin lokutajadawalin lokaci
 Msiri
 Matakala Tafiyar zuwa Katanga
 Jihar Katanga

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba