Abutkeht

Abutment shine tsarin ƙasa a ƙarshen gada ko dam da ke tallafawa tsarinsa.[1] Gada guda-ɗaya suna da abubuwan ɓangarorin a kowane ƙarshen waɗanda ke ba da tallafi na tsaye da na gefe don tazara, da kuma yin aiki azaman bangon riƙon don tsayayya da motsi na ƙasa na cikar hanyar gada. Gadaje masu tsayi da yawa suna buƙatar raƙuman ruwa don tallafawa ƙarshen tazara marasa goyan baya ta hanyar ɓangarorin.[2] Matsalolin dam gabaɗaya gefen kwarin ne ko kwazazzabo, amma yana iya zama na wucin gadi don tallafawa madatsun ruwa kamar Dam Kurobe a Japan.[1][3] Kalmar injiniyan farar hula na iya komawa ga tsarin da ke goyan bayan gefe ɗaya na baka,[4] ko masonry da ake amfani da shi don tsayayya da rundunonin runduna ta gefe.[5] Ƙididdiga ko abacus na ginshiƙi a cikin gine-gine na gargajiya na iya zama abin ƙyama ga baka. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar "abut", ma'ana "taɓawa ta hanyar iyakar juna".

Amfani
Ana iya amfani da abutment don canja wurin kaya daga babban gini zuwa tushe, don tsayayya ko canja wurin nauyin kai, lodi na gefe (kamar matsa lamba na ƙasa) da nauyin iska, don tallafawa ɗayan ƙarshen shingen kusanci, ko daidaita ƙarfi a tsaye da a kwance a cikin gadar baka.
Reference
1. Abbett, Robert W. (1957). American Civil Engineering Practice. Vol. III. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–22&26–32