Kwamitin Ad Hoc kan Bauta

kwamitin Ad Hoc kan Bautar kwamiti ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN), wanda aka kirkira a shekarar 1950.  Ya bincika faruwar bautar a matakin duniya. Rahoton karshe ya haifar da gabatar da Yarjejeniyar Ƙarin kan Kaddamar da Bautar 1956. 

Ita ce kwamitin farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na yaki da bautar. A zahiri ci gaba ne na aikin da kwamitin ba da shawara na masana ya fara a kan bautar kafin yakin duniya na biyu, kamfen ɗin da zai iya ci gaba bayan ƙarshen yaƙin. Binciken kwamitin ya faru ne a lokacin da bautar kaya har yanzu ta halatta ne kawai a yankin Larabawa, kuma ta haifar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a yankin karshe lokacin da ta halatte ne kawai bayan 'yan shekaru.

 Tarihi 
Binciken duniya game da faruwar bautar da cinikin bayi da kwamitin ba da shawara na masana kan bautar (ACE) ya yi tsakanin 1934 da 1939, an katse shi da barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, amma ya kafa tushe ga aikin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi game da bautar da aka yi bayan yakin. 

Lokacin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta maye gurbin League of Nations bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Charles Wilton Wood Greenidge na Anti-Slavery International ya gudanar da kamfen na tsawon shekaru uku don Majalisar Dinkinobho ta ci gaba da binciken bautar duniya da ACE na League ta gudanar.

A cikin 1948, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana bautar a matsayin laifi ga bil'adama a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights, bayan haka Anti-Slavery Society ta nuna cewa akwai kimanin bayi miliyan daya a yankin Larabawa, wanda shine laifi ga Yarjejeniyar Bautar 1926, kuma ta bukaci Majalisar Dinkinobho ta kafa kwamiti don magance batun.

An ba da kungiyar Anti-Slavery Society matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin ECOSOC na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 1949, kuma ta yi kamfen game da bautar zamani kamar Muy tsai . Bayan shekaru uku, yakin neman zabe na Greenidge ya sami nasara a 1949, lokacin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa kwamitin su na wucin gadi kan bautar. An kaddamar da kwamitin a hukumance tare da taron farko a Lake Success, wanda ya kasance tsakanin Fabrairu da Maris 1950. 

Kwamitin Ad Hoc kan Bautar ya kasance don "bincike fagen bautar da sauran cibiyoyin al'adu masu kama da bautar" na tsawon watanni goma sha biyu. Ya ƙunshi masana biyar, daga cikinsu Charles Wilton Wood Greenidge, Jane Vialle, Farfesa Pablo Troncoso na Chile da Farfesa Bruno Lasker na Jamus. Akwai wasu rashin tabbas ko bautar ya kamata ta hada da bautar da ta dace kawai ko kuma tilasta aiki.

Kwamitin ya yi la'akari da "al'ada da girman" bautar da tilasta aiki, kuma ya ba da shawarar "hanyar kai musu hari".

Kwamitin ya ba da tambayoyin da ke lissafa ayyuka daban-daban, dukansu ayyukan da aka bayyana a matsayin bautar bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Bautar 1926, amma kuma sun kara sabbin ayyuka, kuma daga cikin waɗanda aka lissafa sun haɗa da bautar dukiya, bautar, ma'aikata, bashi, pawning, cin zarafin yara ta hanyar tallafi na ƙarya kamar Muy tsai, aure na tilas, da aiki na tilas; sun tambayi gwamnatoci kamar Tarayyar Kwadago ta Duniya da Kungiyar Kwadago na Kwadago, idan sun san waɗannan ayyukan sun faru da kuma waɗanne matakan da aka dauka yaƙi da su.

A lokacin Kwamitin Ad Hoc kan Bautar, bautar doka har yanzu tana wanzu ne kawai a yankin Larabawa: a Oman, a Qatar, a Saudi Arabia, a cikin Jihohin Trucial da Yemen. An haramta bautar Chattel a hukumance a sauran duniya. Koyaya, bautar kaya har yanzu tana wanzu a zahiri duk da dokar da ta dace a sassa da yawa na Afirka.

Saudi Arabia da Yemen, inda har yanzu akwai bautar doka, sun ki shiga cikin binciken.Birtaniya sun yarda cewa bautar har yanzu doka ce a cikin Aden Protectorate, amma sun guji aika bayanai game da bautar a cikin Trucial States.Birtaniya ba su aika da wani bayani game da bautar a Sudan ba.

Akwai shawarwari don ƙirƙirar sabon yarjejeniya don fadada ma'anar bautar, don haɗawa ba kawai bautar kaya ba, kamar a cikin Yarjejeniyar Bautar 1926, har ma da hana bautar bashi, bautar, auren tilas, tallafi da nufin cin zarafi; cewa ya kamata a yi rajistar aure cewa cinikin bayi a teku ya zama sanarwa; cewa duk masu sanya hannu sun aika rahotanni na shekara-shekara, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin dindindin.

Gado
Kwamitin ya miƙa rahotonsa na ƙarshe ga ECOSOC a shekarar 1951, kuma aka buga shi a shekarar 1953. Rahoton ya shimfiɗa tubalin kirkiro sabuwar yarjejeniya kan kawar da bautar da aka fi sani da "Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery", wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1954 kuma aka fara amfani da shi a 1956.Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. shafi na 326

Yawancin gwamnatoci sun bayyana dokokin ne kawai ba tare da shiga cikin yadda ake aiwatar da bauta a zahiri ba, don haka ECOSOC ta bukaci a kawo sabon rahoto.Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press. shafi na 327 
Lokacin da rahoton shekarar 1953 bai nuna bambanci daga rahoton shekarar 1951 ba, Greenidge ya tilastawa batun ya ci gaba da aikawa da samfurin yarjejeniya zuwa ECOSOC a watan Afrilu 1954, wanda Hans Engen daga Norway ya gabatar a hukumance a matsayin mai bayar da rahoto a zaman ECOSOC na 19.Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press. shafi na 327 
An ƙi yarda da dukkan shawarwarin da aka bayar; misali, shawarar haramta sare hannuwa da ƙafafu ba ta shiga cikin yarjejeniyar ba saboda la'akari da ƙasashen Musulmi, inda sare hannuwa da ƙafafu hukunci ne na laifi bisa ga dokar Musulunci.Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press. shafi na 327

A cikin shekarun 1950s, dangane da Kwamitin Ad Hoc kan Bauta da "Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery", Barnett Janner ya bayyana Saudiyya da Yemen a matsayin ƙasashen da har yanzu ake da dokar bauta:ANTI-SLAVERY CONVENTION (Hansard, 21 December 1956)
Ana jigilar bayi ne a wani yanki guda na duniya, a cikin tekun da ke kewaye da Arabiya. Jiragen yaƙi da za su fi dacewa da bincika masu jigilar bayi su ne na Birtaniya, kuma ina da tabbacin ba za a yi amfani da ikon bincike ba yadda bai dace ba. Ina bakin ciki da cewa mun daina kokarin kare wannan hakki. Kamar yadda na sani, Saudiyya da Yemen su ne kawai ƙasashen da ke da dokar bauta a hukumance a duniya. Shekara daya da ta gabata, wani ɗan majalisar Faransa—mutumin da nake zaton abokin aikina ya ambata—ya binciki yanayin, ya gano cewa kowace shekara ana yaudarar 'yan Afirka marasa sani ta hannun wakilai su je Makka. Ba a gaya musu cewa suna buƙatar bizar Saudiyya ba. Lokacin da suka isa Saudiyya ba tare da biza ba, ana kama su ajiye a kurkuku na wasu kwanaki, sannan a mika su ga dillalan bayi da aka ba lasisi. Bugu da kari, ana kai hare-hare a Baluchistan da Masarautun Gulf ɗin Fasha, ana cafke mutane a tafi da su ta ƙasa da ruwa, ana kai su ƙananan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Saudiyya, ana saida su a kasuwannin bayi.

An soke dokar bauta a yankin tekun Arabiya a ƙarshe a shekarun 1960s: Saudiyya da Yemen a 1962, Dubai a 1963, da Oman a 1970.

 Manazarta 

Mahaɗa
 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery (2nd session)
 United Nations Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery records, 1918-1956 and undated, bulk 1949-1951
 ANTI-SLAVERY CONVENTION (Hansard, 21 December 1956)