Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa

The Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (Faransa: Mouvement pour l'évolution sociale de l'Afrique noire; MESAN) jam'iyya ce ta siyasa a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . A cikin asalinsa, jam'iyya ce ta kasa wacce ke neman tabbatar da baƙar fata kuma tana ba da shawara ga 'yancin kai na Ubangi-Shari, a lokacin Yankin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.

 Tarihi 
Jam'iyyar, wacce da farko aka yi niyyar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiya ta siyasa, Barthélemy Boganda ne ya kafa ta a Bangui, Ubangi-Shari (wanda daga baya aka sani da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya) a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1949, don haɗa "dukan baƙi na duniya"  da kuma "don inganta ci gaban siyasa, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na baƙar fata na Afirka, don rushe shingen kabilanci da wariyar launin fata, don maye gurbin ra'ayin mulkin mallaka tare da mafi yawan ɗan adam na 'yan uwantaka da hadin kai".

An rubuta dokokin motsi a watan Afrilu 1950, kuma an kafa rassan kungiyar a Ubangui, Fort Lamy da Brazzaville. Kafawar MESAN ba ta zauna da kyau tare da gwamnatin yankin Faransa ba. Sun kafa ƙungiyoyi na Rassemblement du Peuple Français (Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Faransa, wanda aka fi sani da RPF) a Ubangi-Shari don adawa da MESAN. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta gamu da juriya a Afirka ta Equatorial ta Faransa daga Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (African Democratic Rally, RDA), wata jam'iyya ta siyasa da farko ta shirya wa Pan-Africanism wanda daga baya ya zama mai adawa da kokarin samun 'yancin Afirka.

A cikin Zaben Majalisar Yankin a shekara ta 1957, MESAN ta kama 347,000 daga cikin jimlar kuri'u 356,000 da aka jefa kuma ta lashe kowane kujerar majalisa, wanda ya haifar da Boganda a matsayin shugaban Babban Majalisar Faransanci na Afirka ta Equatorial da mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Gwamnatin Ubangi-Shari. A cikin shekara guda, ya ayyana kafa Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na farko na kasar. MESAN ya ci gaba da wanzuwa, amma rawar da take takawa ta iyakance. Bayan mutuwar Boganda a hadarin jirgin sama a ranar 29 ga Maris 1959, Étienne N'Gounio, amininsa, ya zama shugaban MESAN, amma an kira dan uwan Boganda, David Dacko a matsayin maye gurbinsa a matsayin Shugaban Jiha a zaman a watan Afrilu 1959. Dacko ya ci nasara da kuri'u 39 a kan abokin hamayyarsa Abel Goumba 11, duk da cewa N'Gounio ya goyi bayan Goumba. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kowane kujerar a Zaben 1959, tare da Dacko ya zama shugaban kasar na farko bayan CAR ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa. Dacko ya kori abokan hamayyarsa na siyasa, ciki har da tsohon Firayim Minista da jagoran Mouvement d'évolution démocratique de l'Afrique centrale (MEDAC), wanda ya tilasta masa zuwa gudun hijira a Faransa. Ya sami jagorancin jam'iyyar ta hanyar shirya taron jam'iyya da sauri yayin da N'Gounio ya fita daga babban birnin a watan Yulin 1960, saboda haka ya dauki cikakken iko da jam'iyyar. Tare da dukkan jam'iyyun adawa da aka murkushe a watan Nuwamba 1962, Dacko ya ayyana MESAN a matsayin jam'iyyar hukuma ta jihar. MESAN ta sake lashe kowane kujerar a Zaben 1964, yayin da aka sake zabar Dacko a matsayin Shugaban kasa a zaben da ba a yi hamayya ba.

A ranar 31 ga Disamba 1965, Janar Jean-Bédel Bokassa, dan uwan Boganda da Dacko, ya kwace mulki a CAR ta hanyar juyin mulki. Kashegari, 1 ga Janairun 1966, ya ayyana kansa shugaban kasa, Firayim Minista, kuma shugaban MESAN. Bokassa ya ci gaba da mulki na shekaru 13 masu zuwa. A shekara ta 1972, ya nada Elisabeth Domitian a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar, kuma bayan shekaru uku a matsayin Firayim Minista, na farko ga kowane mace na kasar Afirka. A taron MESAN a ranar 4 ga Disamba 1976, Bokassa ya kafa sabon kundin tsarin mulki kuma ya ayyana jamhuriya a matsayin mulkin mallaka, wanda za a san shi da Daular Afirka ta Tsakiya. A watan Satumbar 1979, an hambarar da Bokassa kuma Dacko ya sake zama shugaban CAR. A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1979, ya soke MESAN kuma ya maye gurbinsa da Union Démocratique Centrafricaine, wanda ya ayyana a matsayin sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa ta CAR.

An sake kafa jam'iyyar ne bayan dawowar siyasar jam'iyyun da yawa a farkon shekarun 1990. A cikin babban zaben 1993 ta lashe kujerar daya a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. 

Jam'iyyar ta zabi dan takara daya ne kawai a Zaben 2011,  inda ta kasa lashe kujerar.

 Tarihin zabe 

 Zaben shugaban kasa 
ZaɓuɓɓukaDan takarar jam'iyyaZaɓuɓɓukaKashiSakamakon1964David Dacko682,60799.97%Zaɓaɓɓu 

 Zaben Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa 
ZaɓuɓɓukaShugaban jam'iyyarZaɓuɓɓukaKashiKujerun zama+/-MatsayiGwamnati1952Barthélémy Boganda17Na biyuGwamnatin 'yan tsiraru1957348,352331959David Dacko344,47397.62%1964596,68798.96%101993592011

 Bayanan da ke ƙasa