Sizakele Sigxashe

Sizakele Whitmore Sigxashe (21 Yuni 1937 - 14 Disamba 2011) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma jami'in leƙen asiri. Ya kasance babban darakta-janar na hukumar leƙen asiri ta ƙasa  bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata tsakanin shekarun 1995 zuwa 1999.

A lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Sigxashe ya yi aiki da jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a gudun hijira, musamman a matsayin shugaban hukumar tantance bayanan sirri na Umkhonto we Sizwe's Department of National Intelligence and Security tsakanin shekarun 1983 zuwa 1990. A wannan lokacin, ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar ANC na ƙasa  da kuma na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu.

 Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya 
An haifi Sigxashe a ranar 21 ga watan Yuni 1937.  Ya halarci Jami'ar Fort Hare kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), ƙungiyar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata, a shekarar 1959.  A shekarar 1960 gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta dakatar da ANC kuma ta sake haɗuwa a gudun hijira a wasu wurare a Kudancin Afirka; Sigxashe da kansa ya shiga gudun hijira a cikin shekarar 1964, jim kaɗan bayan gwajin Rivonia.  Bayan haka, ya tafi Tarayyar Soviet, inda ANC ta tura shi horon soja, inda ya kammala digirinsa na uku a fannin tattalin arziki.

Bayan ya koma Kudancin Afirka, Sigxashe ya shiga reshen ANC mai ɗauke da makamai, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), a shekarar 1970.  Ya zauna a Tanzaniya, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a jami'ar Dar es Salaam kuma ya yi aikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa a jam'iyyar ANC.

 Aikin leken asiri na zamanin mulkin nuna  wariyar launin fata 
A cikin shekarar 1978, Sigxashe ya shiga sashin leken asirin MK, Ma'aikatar Leken Asiri da Tsaro (NAT), a matsayin mai binciken leken asirin soji;   ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Juyin Juya Hali ta ANC sannan daga baya majalisarta ta siyasa-soja. During the same period, he was a member of the exiled South African Communist Party, eventually gaining election to its Central Committee in 1984.  A daidai wannan lokacin, ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka yi gudun hijira, inda daga bisani ya samu zaɓen kwamitinta na tsakiya a shekarar 1984.  Daga baya Jaridar Mail &amp; Guardian ta bayyana rawar da Sigxashe ya taka a MK a matsayin rawar "ɗaya daga cikin yaran sa masu ƙaramin karfi maimakon babban mai fafutuka". 

A cikin shekarar 1983, an naɗa Sigxashe a babban matsayi a NAT, sannan Mzwai Piliso ya jagoranta. Ya gaji Simon Makana a matsayin shugaban sashin sarrafawa da bayanai, ɗaya daga cikin manyan fuka-fuki uku na NAT; An sake masa suna a matsayin babban daraktan hukumar ta Central Intelligence Evaluation Sector (CIES). A cikin wannan matsayi, a cikin shekarar 1984, an naɗa Sigxashe tare da Aziz Pahad da Mtu Jwili  ga Hermanus Loots's Stuart Commission, wanda ya binciki musabbabin kisan Mkatashinga a sansanin MK a Viana, Angola.

A taron tuntuɓar jam'iyyar ANC a birnin Kabwe na ƙasar Zambia a tsakiyar shekarar 1985, an zaɓi Sigxashe a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar ANC mai mambobi 28.   Haka taron ya yanke shawarar yin garambawul ga NAT, tare da dakatar da hukumar da Piliso ke jagoranta; Sigxashe ya kasance shugaban CIES a cikin sabon gudanarwa na wucin gadi (daga baya aka sake masa suna Ma'aikatar Intelligence da Tsaro), kuma an tabbatar da naɗin nasa na dindindin a wannan matsayi a cikin shekarar 1987, lokacin da Joe Nhlanhla ya karɓi aikin Piliso a matsayin darektan NAT gabaɗaya.  Ya riƙe muƙamin har zuwa shekarar 1990, lokacin da aka dakatar da ayyukan soji na MK a cikin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. 

 Aikin leken asiri bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata 
Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta aiwatar da wani sabon salo na jami'an tsaron jihar ƙarƙashin dokar ayyukan leƙen asiri ta 1994. Sake fasalin ya ga wasu hukumomin leken asirin cikin gida na zamanin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ciki har da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta ƙasa, an haɗe su zuwa sabuwar Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Ƙasa  (NIA). A shekarar 1995, Mandela ya naɗa Sigxashe a matsayin babban darekta-janar na NIA.  Sigxashe ya shugabanci wani lokaci mai cike da tashin hankali a NIA. A watan Oktoban 1995, an harbe ɗaya daga cikin mataimakansa, Muziwendoda Mdluli, a wani harin kunar bakin wake da wasu ke kallon kisa;  kuma Sigxashe ya ba da rahoton cewa yana da dangantaka mara kyau tare da Ministan Leken asiri, tsohon abokinsa na MK Joe Nhlanhla. 

A babban zaɓen watan Yuni na shekarar 1999, Thabo Mbeki ya maye gurbin Mandela a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, wanda ya sanar a ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba 1999 cewa tsohon mai ba shi shawara kan harkokin tsaro, Vusi Mavimbela, zai maye gurbin Sigxashe a matsayin darekta-janar na NIA.  Gwamnati ta bayyana canjin ta hanyar nuna cewa Sigxashe zai kai shekarun ritaya a 2000;  Jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Party ta yi maraba da cire shi daga muƙamin.  An riƙe shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Minista Nhlanhla. 

A cikin shekarar 2003, an naɗa Sigxashe a matsayin shugabar Majalisar Sabis na Intelligence, wanda aka kafa don ba da shawara Lindiwe Sisulu, magajin Nhlanhla a matsayin Ministan Leken asiri, game da yanayin aiki da manufofi a cikin al'umman leƙen asiri. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa 
Sigxashe ya yi aure kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya. A watan Oktoban 1995, yayin da Sigxashe ke zama Darakta-Janar na NIA, Hukumar 'yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu ta shiga cikin rikicin cikin gida a gidansa; Hukumar NIA ta musanta rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai na cewa an gayyaci ‘yan sanda ne bayan da Sigxashe ya yi barazanar harbe matarsa da ‘ya’yansa, lamarin da ke nuni da cewa ana ciyar da ‘yan jarida bayanan karya a cikin faɗan tsakanin jami’an leƙen asiri.

Sigxashe ya mutu ranar 14 ga watan Disamba, 2011.

 Girmamawa 
A ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu, 2016, Shugaba Jacob Zuma ya shigar da Sigxashe bayan mutuwarsa ga umurnin Mendi.  An ba shi lambar yabo ta Mendi don Jarumta a Azurfa saboda "Kyakkyawan gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen yaƙi da zaluncin mutanen Afirka ta Kudu".

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba