Babban zabe (Megadrought)

Megadrought  na nufin fari mai tsawo da tsanani wanda ke ɗaukar shekaru da dama, har ma fiye da shekaru 20, yana shafar manyan yankuna. Wannan nau'in fari yana da tsanani fiye da na al'ada, kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga muhalli, noma, da rayuwar al'umma. 

 Ma'anar Megadrought 
Kalmar "megadrought" ba ta da cikakkiyar ma'ana guda ɗaya, amma ana amfani da ita wajen bayyana fari mai tsawo da tsanani fiye da na al'ada.  Masana kimiyya sun fara amfani da wannan kalma a cikin wani bincike na shekarar 1998 da ya nazarci fari a tsakiyar Amurka.  Daga baya, kalmar ta zama ruwan dare gama duniya, musamman bayan fari mai tsawo da ya shafi yankin kudu maso yammacin Amurka tun daga shekarar 2000.  

 Shaidun Tarihi 
Masana sun gano shaidun megadrought ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da: 

Dendrochronology: Nazarin zoben bishiyoyi don gano tarihin fari. 

Core samples: Daukar samfurin laka daga ƙasan tafkuna don nazarin canje-canjen yanayi. 

Fossil corals: Nazarin koral da ya mutu don fahimtar yanayin teku a da. 

Misali, a tafkunan Mono da Tenaya a California, an gano bishiyoyin da suka girma a lokacin fari mai tsawo, sannan suka nutse lokacin da tafkunan suka cika da ruwa.  

 Tasirin Megadrought 
Megadrought na iya haifar da: 

Raguwar amfanin gona: Fari mai tsawo na hana noma samun ruwa, wanda ke rage yawan amfanin gona. 

Karancin ruwa: Tafkuna da koguna na iya bushewa, wanda ke haifar da karancin ruwa ga mutane da dabbobi. 

Tasirin tattalin arziki: Raguwar noma da kiwo na iya haifar da matsalolin tattalin arziki. 

Hijira: Mutane na iya barin yankunansu don neman wuraren da ke da ruwa. 

 Misalan Megadrought 
Farin Sahel: A yankin Sahel na Afirka, an samu shaidun megadrought da suka ɗauki shekaru da dama, wanda ya shafi noma da rayuwar al'umma.  

Farin Chile: Tun daga shekarar 2010, Chile na fama da fari mai tsawo, wanda ya shafi noma, kiwo, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki. 

 Kammalawa 
Megadrought wani lamari ne mai tsanani wanda ke da tasiri mai yawa ga rayuwar mutane da muhalli.  Fahimtar wannan lamari na taimakawa wajen shirya hanyoyin rage tasirinsa da kuma kare al'umma daga illolinsa.  

 Manazarta 

 Irina Ivanova (2 June 2022). "California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years". CBS News. Retrieved 4 June 2022. 
James Dinneen (7 October 2022), "What is megadrought? How scientists define extreme water shortages", New Scientist