Philipp Merkle

Philipp Merkle, Stanley Nadel, Little Germany: Ethnicity, Religion, and Class in New York City, 1845–80, University of Illinois Press, 1990, ISBN 0-252-01677-7, p. 98. wanda kuma aka sani da Philip Merkle ko Philip Merkel (Maris 20, 1811, Frainshaims, Rhineland-Palatinate –Mayu 5, 1899, Birnin New York,.) ya kasance fitaccen Bajamushe-Ba-Amurke  wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora na Masonic sannan kuma ya kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu masu tasiri na Jamus da Amurka, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya zama mafi girma irin wannan ƙungiya.

Karatu da Siyasa
Merkle ya halarci Jami'ar Würzburg domin karatun likitanci, amma bisa buƙatar mahaifinsa ya koma Jami'ar Heidelberg  kuma ya karanta tiyoloji.  An daure shi saboda ayyukan siyasa dangane da boren 1832, amma an sake shi bisa daukaka kara kuma ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin minista, na biyu mafi girma a ajinsa.  Ya kasa samun alƙawari saboda tarihinsa, ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1833.Peter Ross, A Standard History of Freemasonry in the State of New York, volume 2, New York: Lewis, 1899, pp. 452–53.  Ya zama Fasto na Cocin Lutheran na Jamus a Newark, New Jersey,   sannan bayan shekara guda ya fara Cocin Kirista ta Duniya a 143 Chrystie Street a New York.  Ya kasance minista a can har zuwa shekara ta 1857, lokacin da aka nada shi ma'aikacin bincike na musamman kan sha'anin magunguna na jihar New York, sannan kuma kwamishinan hukumar kula da ayyukan jin kai na birnin, sannan ya zabi City Coroner.  Ya kasance mai himma a cikin siyasar dimokuradiyya, tsawon shekaru da yawa yana memba na Babban Kwamitin Tammany Hall, kuma daya daga cikin jagororin nasarar da aka samu na kare ka.i daga karuwar tasirin Jamhuriyar Jama'a a karamar Jamus a zabukan 1856 da 1860.Death List of a Day," The New York Times, May 5, 1899, p. 7 (pdf)

Merkel ta kasance shugabar Freemason a cikin al'ummar Jamus-Amurka.  Bayan an qaddamar da shi a cikin 1844, ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci sababbin gidaje guda biyu, a cikin 1853 da 1857, kuma ya zama memba na girmamawa na wasu hudu.

Kafin haka, a cikin 1847 shi ne farkon wanda ya assasa Tsarin Jamus na Harugari, wanda ya zama babban tsarin 'yan uwantaka tsakanin Jamus da Amurka. Merle ya bar mukaminsa na minista don mayar da hankali kan inganta Harugari, wanda yake ganin ci gaba ne na tsattsauran ra'ayin ma'aikatan Jamus."The Order of Harugari: It Was Founded in New-York on German Mythology. Started for Defense – Perpetuated for Charity. Its Lodges Are Found in Nearly All the States, and Its Benefits Have Been Felt Throughout the Land – A Sketch of the Order", The New York Times, August 25, 1895, p. 16 (pdf).

According to Ross, and he is listed as

Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta kafa 'Ya'yan Hermann a cikin 1840.According to Ross, and he is listed as second pastor at Old Newark Houses of Worship – St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church/First German Evangelical Lutheran Church, accessed December 15, 2009, and by A History of the City of Newark – New Jersey – Embracing Practically Two and a Half Centuries 1666–1913, vol. 2, New York: Lewis, 1913, p. 1009. However, his obituary in The New York Times says that his first appointment was in Pennsylvania.

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Category:Mutuwan  1899