Cin hanci da rashawa a Aljeriya

Cin hanci da rashawa a Aljeriya an dauke shi matsala mai tsanani. Aljeriya ta daɗe tana fama da cin hanci da rashawa mai zurfi, wanda ke shafar bangarori kamar siyasa, kasuwanci, da ayyukan jama'a. Kasar ta kasance ta 107 daga cikin yankuna 180 a cikin Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, yana nuna yanayin matsalar. Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan na cin hanci da rashawa sun shafi manyan jami'an gwamnati, musamman a bangaren makamashi. A matsayinta na memba na OPEC, Aljeriya ta dogara sosai da yawan man fetur, wanda ake la'akari da na biyu mafi girma a Afirka. Har ila yau, kasar tana samar da kashi 15 cikin 100 na bukatun iskar gas na Turai.

 Shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa 
A cikin shekara ta 2015, daya daga cikin rikice-rikice na cin hanci da rashawa a Aljeriya ya fito fili kuma ya shafi kamfanin mallakar kasar, Sonatrach. Kamfanin yana daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin hydro-carbon a duniya, yana jaddada rawar da yake takawa a Aljeriya yayin da bangaren mai da iskar gas ya kasance kashin tattalin arzikinta. Wannan shari'ar ta haifar da sayen mai rikitarwa na kamfanin Augusta a Italiya, wanda ya kashe dala miliyan 800 duk da kasancewa cikin halin lalacewa. Har ila yau, wurin yana buƙatar zuba jari mai yawa don ya gamsu da ka'idodin muhalli na Turai. Da farko, an tuhumi wasu daga cikin shugabannin kamfanin da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudi, gami da Shugaba da Shugaba Mohamed Meziane. Shugaba na baya Abdelmounem Ould Kaddour an kuma yanke masa hukunci kuma an hukunta shi da shekaru 15 a kurkuku.

An kuma zargi Sonatrach a cikin 2020 da isar da man fetur zuwa Lebanon a cikin 2020, wanda ya haɗa da wasu jami'an binciken Lebanon a cikin "cin hanci da rashawa, biyan cin hanci, zamba, da keta amincewa. "  Wannan abin kunya ya shahara saboda ya shafi Farid Bedjaoui, ɗan ƙasar Lebanon. An san shi da shiga cikin shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a Aljeriya, gami da karkatar da dala miliyan 15 ga abokan hulɗa da dangin Chekib Kelil, ministan makamashi na Aljeriya daga 1999 zuwa 2010. Khelil ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin abubuwan da Interpol ke nema a cikin 2013 da 2019.  Meziane da sauran manyan shugabannin Sonatrach an kuma sanya su a karkashin kulawar shari'a a cikin 2010 bayan sun fuskanci tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa a bayar da kwangila. Kusan dukkanin manyan jami'an kamfanin an maye gurbinsu yayin da aka fara bincike.

Wani babban shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa a Aljeriya shine abin kunya na Gabas da Yamma, wanda ya shafi gina babban aikin ababen more rayuwa, babbar hanyar kilomita 1,216 da ke wucewa ta Aljeriya wacce za ta haɗa Morocco da Tunisiya. Daga kasafin kudin farko na dala biliyan 6, farashin aikin ya kai dala biliyan 17 saboda yaduwar cin hanci da rashawa. A cewar rahotanni, an biya cin hanci da rashawa kusan dala biliyan 5 yayin ginin. An sami mutane goma sha huɗu da laifin cin hanci da rashawa, cin hanci na kudaden jama'a, da kuma karkatar da kudi. Wannan ya hada da manyan jami'ai daga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a. Tsohon mai shari'a kuma ministan harkokin waje Mohamed Bedjaoui ma yana da hannu.

 Tasirin 
Tasirin cin hanci da rashawa, musamman a bangaren makamashi, ya rushe ci gaban tattalin arzikin Aljeriya yayin da ake karkatar da kudaden da aka nufa don ayyukan ci gaba da ayyuka masu mahimmanci ta hanyar cin hanci. An nuna wannan a cikin raguwar ajiyar musayar kasashen waje na Aljeriya daga mai da iskar gas. Ya zuwa 2019, ya tsaya a Yuro biliyan 57 daga Yuro biliya 162.4. Wannan raguwar kadarorin ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar faduwar farashin man fetur da annobar coronavirus, wanda ya sa IMF ta hango hasashen koma bayan tattalin arzikin Aljeriya a shekarar 2020.[1] A kusa da shekara ta 2022, Aljeriya ta sayar da danyen mai kusa da farashin samarwa a farashin kasafin kudi na $ 157. A wannan lokacin, IMF ta kiyasta cewa tattalin arzikin ya yi kwangila da -5.2%.[2] Kudin da ba a yi amfani da su ba da kuma raguwar kudaden shiga sun tilasta wa gwamnatin Aljeriya ta karɓi karancin kasafin kuɗi na 20% a cikin 2022. Har ila yau, ya dakatar da ayyukan jihar saboda raguwar kashi 50 cikin 100 a cikin kudaden jama'a

Baya ga mummunar tasirin da yake da shi a kan tattalin arziki, cin hanci da rashawa yana lalata amincewar jama'a a cibiyoyin. Har ila yau, amincewar masu saka hannun jari ta shafi shari'o'in mummunar hali na kudi a bangaren jama'a na Aljeriya. Kasar ta sami raguwar saka hannun jari na kasashen waje saboda rashin amincewa da gwamnatin kasar.

 Matsayi na kasa da kasa 
A cikin Ƙididdigar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Transparency International ta 2024, Aljeriya ta zira kwallaye 34 a kan sikelin daga 0 ("mai cin hanci da rashi sosai") zuwa 100 ("mai tsabta sosai"). Lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar ci, Aljeriya ta kasance ta 107 a cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Index, inda ake ganin ƙasar da ta kasance ta farko tana da bangaren jama'a mafi gaskiya. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar yanki, matsakaicin ƙididdiga tsakanin ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka  ya kasance 39. Mafi kyawun sakamako tsakanin kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka ya kasance 68 kuma mafi munin sakamako ya kasance 12. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar duniya, matsakaicin ƙimar ya kasance 43, mafi kyawun ƙimar ya zama 90 (ranked 1), kuma mafi munin ƙimar ya kai 8 (ranked 180). 

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