Taron Dakar

Taron Dakar (wanda aka fi sani da Tattaunawar Dakar da Dakar Initiative) wani taro ne na tarihi tsakanin mambobin Cibiyar Nazarin Demokradiyya a Afirka ta Kudu (IDASA) da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC). An gudanar da shi a Dakar, Senegal tsakanin 9 da 12 ga Yuli 1987. Taron ya tattauna batutuwa kamar dabarun kawo canji na asali a Afirka ta Kudu, hadin kan kasa, tsarin gwamnati da makomar tattalin arziki a Afirka ta kudu mai 'yanci. Wakilan IDASA daga Afirka ta Kudu, sun halarci taron a cikin ikon kansu kuma daga baya gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu za ta yi Allah wadai da su saboda ganawa da kungiyar da aka haramta. Sakamakon kai tsaye na gaba na taron shine tattaunawar gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da Nelson Mandela da kuma ganawarsa da P. W. Botha a shekarar 1989.

 Tarihi 
Frederik van Zyl Slabbert, memba na 'yan adawa ya yi murabus daga Jam'iyyar Tarayyar Progressive da majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a watan Janairun 1986, yana bayyana shi a matsayin mara amfani kuma zai bincika wasu hanyoyin tattaunawa tsakanin fararen da baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu. Dokta Alex Boraine ma zai tafi tare da shi. Van Zyl Slabbert da Boraine za su kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Jam'iyyar Democrat a Afirka ta Kudu (IDASA), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da niyyar inganta dimokuradiyya a Afirka ta hanyar magana da mutane na dukkan kabilu a ciki da waje. Slabbert, a cikin sadarwa tare da Thabo Mbeki, memba na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa ta ANC, ya tattauna canjin halin da wasu daga cikin 'yan Afrikaner suka yi game da Afrikaner Nationalism da Apartheid. Daga cikin waɗannan tattaunawar da tarurruka, an samar da ra'ayi don yiwuwar ganawa tsakanin su da ANC. Wannan zai zama canji daga 'yan adawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi na White da ke ƙoƙarin tilasta canjin siyasa daga cikin tsarin majalisa, zuwa ga ƙwararrun Afrikaner da ke daukar mataki kai tsaye wajen tsara jagorancin Afirka ta Kudu na gaba.

Daga baya a 1986, Slabbert da Breyten Breytenbach sun hadu a Tsibirin Gorée na Dakar a Senegal kuma sun yanke shawarar cewa birnin ya zama wurin taron. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na farashin taron ya sami kuɗi daga Gidauniyar Friedrich Naumann ta Jamus  kuma George Soros ya ba da ƙarin tallafi, wanda duk da haka yana da shakku cewa taron zai cimma wani abu ga Afirka ta Kudu. Breytenbach daga nan ya kusanci Danielle Mitterrand, matar shugaban Faransa wacce ke jagorantar Gidauniyar Faransa-Libertés kuma wacce ta saba da Abdou Diouf, Shugaban Senegal, kuma ta nemi ta yi roƙo tare da shi don ba da damar wakilan Afirka ta Kudu su shiga Senegal kuma su tabbatar da tsaron taron.  Kungiyar Masu Shari'a ta Afirka za ta taka rawar gani a cikin kungiyar taron. A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin 1987, fiye da wata daya kafin ranar farawa, 'yan jaridar Afirka ta Kudu sun sami labarin taron da aka gabatar kuma sun buga labaru game da ƙungiyar' yan Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda za su yi taro da ANC.

Baya ga kokarin da mutanen Afirka ta Kudu kamar su Frederik van Zyl Slabbert da Alex Boraine suka yi, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa da kasa sun taka rawar gani wajen tallafawa tattaunawa tsakanin' yan Afirka ta Kudu da ANC. A cewar Dokta Klaus von der Ropp, tushe na siyasa na Jamus, musamman Gidauniyar Friedrich Naumann, sun taimaka wajen ƙarfafawa da sauƙaƙe irin waɗannan musayar, suna nuna sha'awar duniya don warware rikicin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar da ba ta da tashin hankali.

Wakilan IDASA da Slabbert ya gayyace su da kansa sun kunshi wakilai 61 tare da akalla rabin da suka kunshi malaman Afrikaner, malamai, 'yan jarida, masu zane-zane, daraktoci, marubutan da masu sana'a kuma kungiyar tana da masu magana da Afrikaans, 'yan kasuwa goma masu magana da Ingilishi da malamai da kuma malaman Jamus uku da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu. Wakilan Afirka ta Kudu sun halarci su masu zaman kansu kuma ba su wakilci kungiyoyin da suka yi aiki ba. Wakilan ANC goma sha bakwai za su jagoranci Thabo Mbeki a matsayinsa na Darakta na Bayanai na ANC da wasu mambobi hudu na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa na ANC yayin da sauran goma sha biyu suka hada da mambobin ANC da ke zaune a Zambia, Scandinavia, Burtaniya, Ireland, Amurka da Afirka ta Yamma.

Wakilan IDASA sun tashi zuwa Dakar daga Landan kuma an sadu da su a filin jirgin sama ta hanyar Shugaban Yarjejeniyar Senegal a cikin VIP lounge sannan kuma masu tuka babur suka raka su zuwa otal din su inda taron zai gudana kuma wakilan ANC sun sadu da su.: 4 A lokacin taron, wakilai za su halarci liyafa a fadar shugaban kasa da kuma gidan Ministan Ilimi. Taron ya fara ne a ranar 9 ga Yuli kuma zai ƙare a ranar 12 ga Yuli. : 4 

 Taro 
An bude taron ne ta Shugaban ƙasa Abdou Diouf, tare da halartar ministocinsa da mambobin diflomasiyya, sannan Danielle Mitterrand ta gabatar da jawabi. Bayan haka, wakilan suka koma otal da wurin taron. An amince da batutuwa guda huɗu da za a tattauna tun kafin taron, kuma wakilan sun riga sun gabatar da takardunsu waɗanda ANC ta duba, kuma zata ba da amsa bayan gabatarwar. Wadannan batutuwa sun haɗa da dabarun kawo sauyi a Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin kan ƙasa, tsarin gwamnati da makomar tattalin arziki a Afirka ta Kudu mai 'yanci. Haka kuma an tattauna wasu batutuwa a hukumance da suka shafi gwagwarmayar makami, tashin hankali, tattaunawa, dimokuraɗiyyar jam’iyyu, dokar haƙƙin ɗan Adam, makomar harshen Afrikaans da al’adunsa, makomar tattalin arziki, adalcin rabon dukiya da sauran muhimman batutuwa.

A cikin gabatarwarsu, wakilan sun bayyana damuwarsu kan tashin hankali a Afirka ta Kudu da tasirinsa ga fararen hula, yayin da mambobin ANC suka bayyana dalilin da ya sa suka fara amfani da makami bayan duk wata hanyar lumana ta gaza wajen kawo sauyin siyasa na wariyar launi a ƙasar. Sun ce kai hare-hare kan fararen hula ba manufofinsu ba ne, kuma ba koyaushe suke da ikon sarrafa dakarunsu a ƙasar ba. A yayin tattaunawa, ya bayyana cewa ANC na da niyyar shiga tattaunawa da gwamnati amma sai an cika wasu sharuɗɗa kamar sakin fursunonin siyasa da cire haramcin kungiyoyin da aka haramta a ƙasar.

Game da dimokuraɗiyyar jam’iyyu, ANC ta nuna aniyarta ta tabbatar da ‘yancin jam’iyyu a sabon tsarin siyasar Afirka ta Kudu, inda za a haramta wariyar launin fata da mulkin kama-karya. Ta bayyana cewa ƙungiyoyin da suka yi adawa da wariyar launin fata za su iya ballewa su kafa nasu ƙungiyoyin domin bayyana ra’ayinsu da akidunsu.

A yayin tattaunawa kan dokar haƙƙin ɗan Adam, ANC ta ce ba ta da matsala da kafa irin wannan doka, amma ba za ta amince da wani ƙayyadadden fifiko ba a ciki. Ta kuma tabbatar da cewa za a kare harshen Afrikaans da al’adunsa tare da tabbatar da kariyar gado da al’adar kowace ƙungiya ta jama’a.

Game da makomar tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Kudu, ANC ta ce har yanzu tana bin tsarin Freedom Charter, kuma dole ne a sami ɗan matakin ƙasa da wasu harkoki don daidaita rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki da rarraba dukiya. Koyaya, ba za a aiwatar da hakan nan take ba sai an yi shawarwari tsakanin ‘yan kasuwa da sabuwar gwamnati. Lafiya, gidaje da ilimi su ne wuraren da ANC za ta mayar da hankali sosai.

Bayan manyan batutuwa na tattaunawa da sasanci, taron ya kuma tattauna da tsare-tsaren da suka shafi mulki bayan zamanin wariyar launin fata, ciki har da tsarin sabon ƙasa mai dimokuraɗiyya da muhimmancin haɗa kowa da kowa a tattalin arziki. Dr. von der Ropp ya lura cewa musayar ra’ayoyi ta nuna akwai matsaloli da kuma fahimta a tsakanin sassa daban-daban, inda wasu daga cikin ‘yan Afrikaner suka nemi tabbatar da haƙƙin ‘yan tsiraru, yayin da wakilan ANC suka dage akan buƙatar sauyi mai zurfi.

A ƙarshen taron, mahalarta suka fitar da sanarwa wadda ta bayyana cewa a shirye suke da warware rikicin ta hanyar tattaunawa, amma babbar matsala ita ce rashin shirin gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu na shiga tattaunawa, da kuma damuwar wakilai game da yawan tashin hankali mara iyaka a ƙasar. Bayan haka, an shirya balaguro da jirgin ruwa zuwa tsibirin Gorée, inda suka ziyarci Maison des Esclaves da gidan kayan tarihin da ke tunawa da cinikin bayi da Turawan Holland suka yi a Yammacin Afirka.

 Wadanda suka halarta 
Ƙungiyar da ta fito daga Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙunshi mutane 61, ciki har da masana, marubuta, da ‘yan siyasa da dama daga cikin su 'yan Afrikaner ne. Wakilan sun haɗa da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Afrikaner Broederbond, wata ƙungiya mai asiri amma mai tasiri tsakanin 'yan Afrikaner. Pieter de Lange, tsohon shugaban Broederbond, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin farkon masu neman a fara tattaunawa da ANC daga cikin gida. A cewar Dr. von der Ropp, waɗanda suka halarci taron sun ɗauki babban haɗarin siyasa da na kai wajen shiga hulɗa da wata ƙungiya da aka haramta, kuma halartar su ya nuna sauyin matsayi daga cikin al’ummar Afrikaner dangane da tsarin wariyar launin fata.

 ANC 
 Thabo Mbeki  
 Kader Asmal  
 Selwyn Gross  
 Pallo Jordan  
 Brigitte Mabandla  
 Lindiwe Mabuza  
 Penuell Maduna  
 Mac Maharaj  
 Francis Melli  
 Reggie Mbono  
 Alfred Nzo  
 Tom Sebina  
 Essop Pahad  
 Albie Sachs  
 Tony Trew  
 Steve Tshwete  

 IDASA 
 Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert  
 Dr. Alex Boraine  
 Farfesa Andre Du Toit - masani kan siyasa daga Jami’ar Stellenbosch  
 Farfesa Jaap Durand - masani  
 Jakes Gerwel - masani  
 Farfesa Lourens Du Plessis - daga Jami’ar Potchefstroom  
 Abraham Viljoen - ɗan’uwa ga Constand Viljoen  
 Tommy Bedford - tsohon kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar rugby  
 Andre Brink - marubuci  
 Breyten Breytenbach - mawaki  
 Leon Louw - darektan Free Market Foundation  
 Lawrence Schlemmer  
 Christo Nel  
 Theuns Eloff - masani  
 Hermann Giliomee  
 Riaan de Villiers  
 Revel Fox - mai tsara gine-gine  
 Grethe Fox - jaruma  
 Manie van Rensburg - daraktan fina-finai  
 Max du Preez - ɗan jarida  

 Wasu 
 Abdou Diouf - Shugaban Senegal  
 Boris Rubenovich Asoyan - Jakadan Tarayyar Soviet zuwa Lesotho  
 Danielle Mitterrand - Matar Shugaban Faransa  
 Dr. Klaus Baron von der Ropp - daga German Institute for International and Security Affairs  
 Vladimir Igorevich Tikhomirov - ƙwararren jakadan Soviet a kan yankin Kudu na Afirka  
 Vasily Grigoryevich Solodovnikov - masanin tattalin arziki daga Soviet kuma tsohon jakada a Zambiya
 Kammalawa 
A ƙarshen taron, ƙungiyoyin biyu suka bar Senegal zuwa wata ziyara a Burkina Faso da Ghana. Wakilai arba’in daga Afirka ta Kudu sun dawo gida a ranar 21 ga Yuli 1987 kuma suka ci karo da masu zanga-zanga dari daga cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙin Juriya ta Afrikaner (Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging) ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eugene Terre Blanche. Alluna sun zargi wakilan da zama 'yan cin amana, 'yan gurguzu da 'yan ta'adda. Babu taron manema labarai da wakilan suka gudanar, domin 'yan sanda sun hana shi kuma an fitar da su ta wani ƙofa na baya daga Filin Jirgin Sama na Jan Smuts. Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert da Dr. Alex Boraine sun dawo Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 31 ga Yuli.

Jam’iyyar National Party mai mulki ta soki tattaunawar, tana nuna damuwa kan sahihancin da taron ya bai wa ANC. Haka kuma, Hukumar Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin ta Afirka ta Kudu (SABC) da jaridun Afrikaner sun kasance masu suka. An ce jaridun Turanci sun nuna rashin ƙwazo da sanyi kan taron. Wasu jami’an gwamnati sun bayyana a sirrance cewa suna ganin taron zai hana nasarar ƙudirin gwamnati na ciki.

A ƙarshe, taron ya karya ƙaƙƙarfan rufi kuma ya sa ya zama abin karɓa ga gwamnati Afrikaner ta tattauna nan gaba da ANC, haka kuma ANC ta fahimci Afrikaner. An gudanar da wasu taruka na gaba inda 'yan kasuwa daga Afirka ta Kudu suka gana da ANC, ɗaliban Jami’ar Stellenbosch suka gana a Lusaka, sannan IDASA ta shirya wasu tarukan a Jamus, Amurka, Faransa, Zambia da Zimbabwe.

Ko da yake taron Dakar ba na hukuma ba ne, ya taimaka wajen gina amana da ƙarfafa ci gaba da tattaunawa. Dr. von der Ropp ya bayyana cewa taron ya ba da gudunmawa kai tsaye ga tattaunawar matakin ƙoli, ciki har da ganawa ta bincike tsakanin Nelson Mandela da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Haka kuma, taron ya rinƙa tasiri a harkokin siyasa na cikin gida inda mutanen da ke sha’awar sauyi suka ƙara duba yiwuwar dorewar tsarin wariyar launin fata.
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