Ma'anar Shari'a

The Concept of Law littafi ne na 1961 na masanin falsafa H. L. A. Hart da shahararren aikinsa. "H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law" Concept of Law ya gabatar da ka'idar Hart na shari'a positivism - ra'ayin cewa dokoki dokoki ne da mutane suka yi da kuma cewa babu wata mahimmanci ko dangantaka tsakanin doka da ɗabi'a - a cikin tsarin falsafar nazari. Hart ya nemi samar da ka'idar siffata ilimin zamantakewa da fikihu na nazari  Lacey, Nicola (2006). A Life of H.L.A. Hart. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 225. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202775.003.0010. ISBN 9780199202775  ya yi bayani kan batutuwan fikihu da dama na gargajiya kamar yanayin shari’a, ko dokoki ƙa’idoji ne, da dangantakar doka da ɗabi’a. Hart ya amsa wadannan ta hanyar sanya doka a cikin mahallin zamantakewa yayin da a lokaci guda ya bar ikon yin nazari mai tsauri na sharuddan shari'a, wanda a sakamakon haka "ya farkar da fikihun Ingilishi daga barci mai dadi".
Postema, Gerald (2011). Enrico Pattaro (ed.). Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World. A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence. Vol. 11. Springer. p. 261.
Littafin Hart ya kasance "daya daga cikin mafi tasiri na rubutun falsafar shari'a na nazari", "The Endless Search For Truth: Richard Marshall interviews Andrei Marmor" da kuma "mafi nasara aikin fikihu na nazari wanda ya taba bayyana a cikin tsarin dokokin gama gari." Ka'idar Shari'a da Babban Ka'idar Doka da Jiha, mafarin bincike na fikihu a cikin al'adar nazari.",Simpson, A. W. Brian (2011). Reflections on 'The Concept of Law'. Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0199693320 Lacey, Nicola (2006). A Life of H.L.A. Hart. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 224. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202775.003.0010. ISBN 9780199202775

Fage
Manufar Dokar ta fito ne daga laccocin farko na Hart a matsayin Farfesa na Jami'ar Oxford bayan ritayar Arthur Goodhart, a cikin 195 Hart, HLA (1988). "Answers to Eight Questions". In Duarte d'Almeida, Luis; Edwards, James; Dolcetti, Andrea (eds.). Reading HLA Hart's The Concept of Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing (published 2013). ISBN 1782252169. OCLC 884479238 ,Lacey, Nicola (2006). A Life of H.L.A. Hart. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 222. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202775.003.0010. ISBN 9780199202775Daga cikin laccocin farko na Hart kan doka da aka fadada a cikin littafin akwai makalarsa ta 1953 mai taken, “Ma’anarta da Ka’idar a Fikihu.”  9780191018725 tatataunawa Hart game da ingancin shari’a na Austin, rabuwar shari’a da ɗabi’a, da buɗaɗɗen ka’idojin shari’a za a iya gani a cikin takensa na Afrilu 1957 Mukaddamar da Harvardc Muka gabatar da Makarantar Lere ta Lere. "Kyakkyawa da Rarraba Doka da ɗabi'a." Hart, H. L. A. (1958). "Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals". Harvard Law Review. 71 (4): 593–629. doi:10.2307/1338225. ISSN 0017-811X. JSTOR 1338225. littatafan ya haɓaka ra'ayi na yau da kullun game da ingantaccen shari'a.

Daga cikin ra'ayoyin da aka samar a cikin littafin akwai:

Wani zargi na ka'idar John Austin cewa doka ita ce umarnin mai iko wanda ke goyon bayan takunkumi.
Bambance tsakanin dokokin firamare da na sakandare, inda ka'ida ta farko ke tafiyar da al'ada kuma na biyu ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar, canzawa, ko bacewar dokokin farko.
Bambanci tsakanin ra'ayi na ciki da na waje na doka da dokoki, kusa da (da rinjayar) bambance-bambancen Max Weber tsakanin ilimin zamantakewa da ra'ayoyin doka na doka.
Tunanin ka'idar amincewa, tsarin zamantakewa wanda ya bambanta tsakanin waɗannan ka'idoji waɗanda ke da ikon doka da waɗanda ba su da. Hart ya kalli ka'idar amincewa azaman juyin halitta daga Hans Kelsen's 'tsari na yau da kullun' (Jamus: Grundnorm).

Tambayoyi masu tsayi
Hart ya fara The Concept of Law da wani babi mai suna "Tambayoyi masu dawwama." A cikin babin, ya zayyana abin da ya bayyana a matsayin “la’aloli guda uku masu maimaitawa.” [11] Hart ya yi tambayoyi guda uku masu zuwa game da ka’idar shari’a: “Yaya doka ta bambanta da kuma ta yaya take da alaƙa da umarni da ke goyon bayan barazanar?

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