Dutch Loango-Angola

Loango-Angola shine sunan mallakar Kamfanin Dutch West India Company a Angola na zamani da Jamhuriyar Kongo. Musamman ma, sunan yana nufin mulkin mallaka da aka kama daga Portuguese tsakanin shekarun 1641 zuwa 1648. Saboda nisan da ke tsakanin Luanda da Elmina, babban birnin ƙasar Holland Gold Coast, an kafa wata gwamnati ta daban na gundumomin kudancin Afirka a Luanda a lokacin mamayar ƙasar Holland. 

Bayan da Portugal ta sake kwace Angola a shekara ta 1648, cinikin Dutch da Loango-Angola bai tsaya ba. Daga kimanin shekarun 1670 zuwa gaba, Kamfanin Yammacin Indiya na Yamma ya sami bayi daga yankin Loango akai-akai, kuma 'yan kasuwa masu kyauta na Holland sun ci gaba da wannan aikin har sai bayan shekarar 1730. 

 Tarihi 
'Yan kasuwa na Dutch sun fara kasuwanci tare da Loango-Angola a farkon ƙarni na 17, wanda aka kori kudanci ta hanyar haɓaka gasa akan Gold Coast. 'Yan kasuwa na Afirka gabaɗaya suna maraba da ƴan ƙasar Holland, waɗanda suka ba da kayan da Portuguese suka kasa bayarwa.  Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, mutanen Holland sun yi cinikin redwood a Mayumba, da hauren giwa da tagulla a Loango.  Da farko 'yan ƙasar Holland sun riƙe tashar jiragen ruwa na Mpinda a bakin kogin Kongo a matsayin iyakar kudu da ayyukansu. 

 Ƙoƙarin farko (1624) 
A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Groot Desseyn, Kamfanin Dutch West India Company, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1621, ya yi ƙoƙarin kama Luanda bayan da suka kama Salvador da Bahia, babban birnin Brazil. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Piet Hein, rundunar sojojin Holland sun yi ƙoƙari su kama Luanda a shekarar 1624, amma sun kasa, saboda Filips van Zuylen ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama birnin a 'yan watanni da suka wuce, ya jagoranci Portuguese don gina ƙarfafawa.

Bayan Piet Hein ya kama rundunar jiragen ruwa na Spaniya  a cikin shekarar 1628, Kamfanin  Yammacin Indiya ya sake yin ƙoƙari ya saita shirin Groot Desseyn a cikin motsi. Tare da albarkatu masu yawa don biyan kuɗin kashe kuɗin soja, Dutch ɗin sun sami nasarar kama Recife da Olinda, babban yanki na noman rake na Brazil, a farkon shekara ta 1630.

 Kama Luanda (1641) 
A shekara ta 1641, wani jirgin ruwan Holland ƙarƙashin jagorancin Cornelis Jol, ya kwace Luanda daga hannun Turawan Portugal.  A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 1641, mutanen Holland sun sauka da sojoji 2,145 kusa da Luanda a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Cornelis Jol. Bayan isowar ƙasar Holland, Portuguese 800, wasu sojoji da wasu fararen hula, suka gudu suka sake haɗuwa a Kilunda. A ranar 19 ga watan Satumba, 'yan Holland sun kori su daga wannan matsayi kuma suka tilasta su komawa zuwa gonakin Portuguese a gefen kogin Bengo. Daga nan mutanen Holland sun ƙarfafa matsayinsu a gefen kogin.

Dakarun ƙasar Holland sun karɓe iko da Luanda tare da sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Sarauniya Nzinga ta masarautar Ndongo. Nzinga bai yi nasara ba ya kai wa Portuguese hari a Fort Massangano. Ta ɗauki sabbin mayaka kuma ta shirya sake shiga cikin 'yan Portuguese a yakin, amma Salvador Correia de Sá ya jagoranci sojojin Portugal daga Brazil wajen korar 'yan Holland da kuma sake tabbatar da iko a Angola. Sojojin Nzinga sun sake komawa Matamba. 

 Mulkin Dutch 
Mutanen Holland sun yi mulkin Angola daga 26 ga watan Agusta 1641 zuwa 21/24 Agusta 1648, suna mamaye yankunan bakin teku (a ƙarƙashin GWC gwamnan Angola. Wannan harin shi ne ƙarshen shirin da Sarki Pedro II na Kongo ya fara gabatarwa a shekara ta 1622. Bayan da rundunar sojojin Holland ƙarƙashin Admiral Cornelis Jol suka ɗauki Luanda, Portuguese sun janye zuwa kogin Bengo, amma bayan sabunta kawancen Kongo-Dutch, Bengo ya kai hari kuma daga bisani sojojin Portugal suka janye zuwa Massangano.

A cikin shekarar 1643, Count of Sonho ya aika da manufa zuwa Jamhuriyar Holland, ƙarƙashin jagorancin ɗan uwansa Dom Miguel de Castro.  Tawagar ta yi tafiya ta Brazil ta Holland, inda John Maurice na Nassau ya karɓe su, kuma ya isa Flushing a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1643. De Castro ya yi tafiya ta jirgin ruwa zuwa The Hague a ranar 2 ga watan Yuli 1643, inda ya sami masu sauraro tare da ɗan kasuwa Frederick Henry, Yariman Orange. 

'Yan ƙasar Holland ba su da sha'awar cin galaba a Angola, abin da ya fusata Sarkin Kongo Garcia II da Njinga waɗanda dukkansu suka matsa musu lamba don su taimaka wajen korar Turawan Portugal daga mulkin mallaka. Duk da haka, hukumomin Holland sun fahimci cewa ba za su iya sarrafa cinikin bayi daga Angola kawai ta hanyar riƙe Luanda da wasu ƴan wurare na kusa ba, haka ma, Portuguese ɗin sun aika da agaji da dama zuwa Massangano daga Brazil. Saboda haka, a cikin shekarar 1647, sun yarda su ƙarfafa sojojin Njinga bayan da sojojin Portugal suka ci ta a shekara ta 1646. A yakin Kombi Dutch da Njinga sojojin sun murkushe sojojin Portugal kuma a sakamakonsa sun kewaye Ambaca, Massangano da Muxima.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]

A cikin shekarar 1648, 'yan Portuguese sun sake kama Luanda.

 Gudanarwa 

John Maurice ya yi alkawari tare da Kamfanin Dutch West India Company don sanya Luanda a ƙarƙashin gwamnatinsa, amma Lords XIX ya yanke shawarar yin Loango-Angola, ciki har da São Tomé, wani umarni daban.  Sun yanke shawarar cewa babban daraktoci uku da suka haɗa da Moorthamer, Nieulant, da Hans Mols za su yi mulkin mallaka, wanda za a aike da ƙarshen su daga Jamhuriyar Holland.  Mols ya kasance kwamandan Cape Verde da Gorée tsakanin shekarun 1632 da 1635 kuma babban mahimmanci a Elmina, kuma yana jin daɗin babban suna a matsayin ɗan kasuwa. 

Lokacin da Mols ya isa Luanda a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu 1643, Pieter Moorthamer ya tafi Brazil.  Nieulant ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba, ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1643.  Wannan ya bar Mols, wanda ba shi da ɗan gogewa a Luanda, a cikin umarni da kansa. Mols ya sha wahala wajen samun iko, tare da sojoji ma sun ki bin umarninsa. Kamfanin Dutch West India Company ya daraja basirar Mols a matsayin ɗan kasuwa, duk da haka, kuma ya yi taka tsantsan don ya bar shi. Halfway 1644, Heynderick van Redinckhoven, wanda aka naɗa don cike ɗaya daga cikin guraben shugabanci, ya isa Luanda don shiga Mols a matsayin shugaban mulkin mallaka. A ƙarshe Mols ya bar Brazil a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu 1645, ya bar Van Redinckhoven ne kawai.  A lokacin, Van Redinckhoven ya riga ya nemi shugabannin kamfanin su yi ritaya zuwa Jamhuriyar Holland.  Lords XIX ya musanta wannan buƙata, amma ya naɗa tsohon manzo Cornelis Hendrikszoon Ouwman a matsayin babban darekta a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli 1645, don sauke Van Redinckhoven daga wasu ayyukansa.  Van Redinckhoven ya bar Luanda a cikin watan Afrilu 1647, ya bar Ouwman ne kawai. 

 Duba kuma 

 Tarihin mulkin mallaka na Angola

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan kula 








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