Rikicin Angoche da Portugal (1847-1910)

Rikicin Angoche-Portuguese ya kasance jerin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Angoche Sultanate da Daular Portugal tsakanin 1847 da 1910.

 Tarihi 
Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 16, Sultanate na Angoche ya kasance cikin raguwa bayan Quelimane ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin babban tashar jiragen ruwa. Sultanate ya ji rauni ta hanyar zama da sabon rukuni na mutane a cikin yankin, waɗanda suka toshe hanyar shiga cikin ƙasar kuma suka ɗora haraji a kan masu wucewa. A wannan lokacin Angoche ta sha wahala daga faduwar tattalin arziki, tare da Sultans sun rasa tasirin siyasa.

A cikin shekarun 1830 Angoche da sauri ya samar da buƙatun hauren giwa, roba da bayi. Wannan na ƙarshe ya zama da mahimmanci a cikin karni, yayin da ƙungiyar adawa da bautar Turai ta girma. Samun 'yancin kai na Sultanate daga Daular Turai ya sanya shi mai da hankali ga cinikin bayi. A shekara ta 1847, kamfanoni da yawa sun koma Angoche daga biranen da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Portuguese kamar Mozambique Island, don guje wa haraji da dokokin bayi a can.  

 Masu sintiri masu adawa da bautar 
A cikin 1846 jirgin ruwa na Lucy Penniman na New York da na Brazil brig Kentucky sun isa Angoche. An jigilar Lucy Penniman a kudancin Amurka kuma ya ɗauki kaya ga masu bautar kudancin da ake sa ran a cikin ruwan Gabashin Afirka. A watan Mayu HMS <i id="mwMA">Cleopatra</i> ta kama su, wanda aka ba su izini na gaba ɗaya don shiga tashar jiragen ruwa na biyu a bakin tekun Mozambique don neman bayi. Hudu daga cikin jiragen ruwa sun shiga Lucy Penniman kuma wani ya shiga Kentucky, ya ƙone su.

Wannan mataki mai karfi ya sa Portuguese ta hana jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya shiga tashar jiragen ruwa saboda suna tsoron cewa idan aka ba Birtaniya damar yin aiki kamar yadda suka yi a yammacin gabar teku a gabas, nan ba da daɗewa ba za su yi yarjejeniya da shugabannin bakin teku ba tare da ambaton Portugal ba. A watan Yulin 1847 Portugal ta aika da Villa Flor zuwa Angoche don tilasta wa sultan ya haramta bautar. Sultan ya damu amma ya amince da haramta bautar a cikin yankuna.

Koyaya, sultan "ba shugaba ba ne a gidansa. " Lokacin da kalmar ta fito cewa jirgin Portuguese ya shiga Angoche, dubban mutane ciki har da masu bautar, sojoji, da kabilun, sun taru zuwa garin kuma sun kai hari ga jam'iyyar Portuguese, inda suka kashe uku. Sauran an cece su ne kawai lokacin da sultan ya sanya su cikin kurkuku.

Watanni huɗu bayan haka masu sintiri na yaki da bayi na Burtaniya sun ba da rahoton cewa bayi har yanzu suna cikin Angoche. Duk da yake Birtaniya sun yi jinkirin tallafawa fadada Daular Portugal, hana cinikin bayi ya fi muhimmanci. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1847 rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Anglo-Portuguese ta tashi zuwa Angoche tare da yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya. Sultan ya nemi jinkiri wajen sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ya yi amfani da ita don zuba mutane cikin Angoche don kare shi. A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, jiragen ruwa masu dauke da makamai daga Shugaban kasa da Euridye sun kai hari Angoche kuma sun murkushe shi bayan yakin kwana daya. Sultan ya mika wuya kuma ya amince da amincewa da ikon mallakar Portugal. Ya kuma amince da kawo karshen cinikin bayi da kuma haramta dukkan jiragen ruwa ba tare da takardun Mozambique ba.

Koyaya, ba a nada mazaunin Portuguese ba kuma ba a shigar da garuruwa ba. Bautar ta ci gaba har tsawon shekaru uku masu zuwa a Angoche. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1849 HMS Dee ta gano wani jirgi mai kula da biyu da ke jiran ɗaukar bayi a Angoche. Dee ya nutse jirgin kuma ya musayar wuta tare da garin.

A farkon 1850 Sultan Amadi ya mutu kuma Hassani Jussuf ya gaje shi, wanda ya kwace kursiyin daga memba na dangin M'bilinzi. Hassani, tare da taimakon Sultan na Johanna, ya yi sulhu da Birtaniya da Portuguese. Har ila yau, Portugal ba ta yi ƙoƙari ta mamaye tashar jiragen ruwa ba.

 Yaƙi da iyalin Alves da Silva 

 Cin nasara 
Ɗan'uwan sultan, Musa Muhammad Sahib mai ban tsoro, wanda daga baya marubutan Portuguese suka kira "Napoleon" na Gabashin Afirka, zai fara hanyar manufofi masu fadadawa zuwa cikin yankin. Ya tafi da laƙabi na mahaifinsa, "Mussa Quanto," kuma memba ne na dangin Anhapakho, tare da alaƙar iyali a bakin tekun Mozambique. A lokacin da yake matashi, ya koyi kuma ya yi tafiya sosai tare da kawunsa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara na hukuma ga gwamnatin Portugal. Tafiyarsu ta kai su wurare daban-daban, ciki har da Zanzibar, Madagascar, Tsibirin Comoros, kuma ana zargin har zuwa Tafkin Nyasa da Kwarin Zambezi a ciki. Wadannan tafiye-tafiye sun sauƙaƙa haɗin Musa da duniyar musulmi ta yankin Tekun Indiya kuma sun shawo kansa game da yiwuwar fadada Angoche cikin ciki.

A cikin shekarun 1850, ya zauna a Angoche kuma an sanya shi a matsayin kwamandan sojojinsa. Tare da taimakon yaduwar bindigogi na zamani, Musa ya kaddamar da yaki da ƙungiyar Marrevoni Lomwe na Makwa, wanda daga baya ya ci nasara kuma ya bautar, ya kawo ƙarin hauren giwa da roba tare da nasararsa. An kawo Macua na yankin don amincewa da mulkin Angoche.

Yaduwar Angoche da sauri ya kawo shi cikin rikici tare da Maganja da Costa District">Iyalin Alves da Silva na prazos na Maganja da Costa . Wanda ya kafa shi, António Alves da Silva, ya fito ne daga lardin Beira a Portugal a farkon karni na 19 kuma ya kafa kasuwanci a hauren giwa da bayi. Yankunan iyali sun kai daga Kogin Quizonga a arewa, Kogin Licungo a kudu, har zuwa haɗuwar kogin Luo da Lugela a yamma a cikin ciki, kuma suna da iko a soja da wadataccen aikin gona, tare da manyan baje kolin shekara-shekara waɗanda suka zama sanannen wuri don hanyoyin motoci daga ciki. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin ikon dangin da Silva, musamman Quizungo, wanda kamar Angoche ya wuce ikon Turai, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen sama na Angoche. Wadannan ƙasashe ne suka zama makasudin gaba na cin nasarar Musa.

Dalilin yaƙin shine korafe-korafe da Nampana-mwene, dangin Anhapakho na Musa, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa mayaƙan Maganja da Costa sun lalata yankinsa a ƙasar Pebane. Bisa ga al'ada, an ce ɗan'uwansa na rabin ya ƙi ba shi damar jagorantar babban balaguro zuwa ciki. Duk da haka, a farkon 1855, sojojin sun tashi kuma sun kirkiro hanyar cin nasara wanda ya kai har zuwa Kogin Shire. A can ne aka doke su da wani sansani mai karfi na daya daga cikin dattawa kuma an tilasta su koma gida, suna lalata wuraren da ke kusa da Quelimae. Musamman, sojojinsa sun fitar da lokacin Licungo, mallakar 'yan uwan Alves da Silva. Gabaɗaya, aikin soja ya kasance nasara kuma Angoche ta haɗa wasu yankuna na lokaci, ta bautar da mutanenta.  

 Yunkurin da João Bonifácio ya yi 
A shekara ta 1856, Portugal ta aika da wani balaguron sojan ruwa zuwa Angoche amma ya gaza. Maimakon haka, Portugal ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da Zambezi irregulars na Joao Bonifacio, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan da Silva guda biyu. Joao Bonifacio ya shirya kuma ya gina sojojinsa da kulawa sosai. Ya tattara sojoji baƙar fata a ko'ina cikin Zambezia kuma ya kafa rundunonin 12 (wanda aka sani da ensacas), kowannensu ya ƙunshi mutane 250, ya cika da nasu sarkar umarni kuma ya tsaya a cikin stockades a cikin lokacinsa. Takwas daga cikin wadannan gwamnatoci an sanya su don hidima a Angoche kuma sun sami tallafin makamai daga Portugal, wanda kuma ya aika da jami'i da mutane 18 don ƙara halayyar hukuma ga balaguron. Wannan hadin gwiwar, sanye take da bindigogi biyu, sun shiga yankin Angoche a watan Agustan shekara ta 1861.

Lokacin da labarin mamayarsa ya kai Angoche, babban tashin hankali ya faru tsakanin inhabaco. Sultan Hassani mai jin kunya ya yi murabus, ya kwashe dukkan matansa, bayi da kayansa cikin dhows biyar, kuma ya gudu zuwa Madagascar. Daga nan aka ayyana Musa a matsayin sultan kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar kare Angoche.

A ranar 26 ga Satumba 1861, sojojin Zambezi sun yi karo da dakarun tsaro masu girman 6,000 a kan raƙuman da suka raba tsibirin Angoche daga ƙasar. Yayinda aka kashe Bonifacio a cikin fada, sojojin Zambezi sun mamaye tsaron Angoche, suka kai hari garin, kuma suka lalata shi. Koyaya, Zambezi ba su da sha'awar mamaye Angoche don haka suka ba da ita ga Portugal.

Musa ya sami damar tserewa daga Angoche kuma ya haye zuwa cikin ƙasar inda ya yi ƙoƙari ya tara shugabannin da suka yi adawa da mulkin Portugal. Sauran ɗan'uwan da Silva, Victorino Romao da Silva, ya aika da sojoji bayan shi waɗanda suka yi karo da Musa a lokuta da yawa, suka ji masa rauni a ɗaya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe. Musa ya gudu zuwa Sancul Sheikhdom inda aka ci amanarsa kuma aka sanya shi a cikin dungeon a Fort São Sebastião.

 Sake Samun Kashewa 
A farkon 1862, Musa ya tsere daga kurkuku kuma ya gudu zuwa Madagascar inda ya sami jiragen ruwa, bindigogi, da foda.

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba