Yaƙin Tembien na Biyu

Yaƙin Tembien na biyu an yi shi ne a gaban arewa na Yaƙin Italo da Habasha na biyu. Wannan yakin ya kunshi hare-haren na sojojin Italiya ƙarƙashin Marshal Pietro Badoglio suka kai wa sojojin Habasha ƙarƙashin <i id="mwEA">Ras</i> [ nb 1 ] Kassa Haile Darge da Ras Seyoum Mangasha. Wannan yakin, wanda ya yi sanadin fatattakar sojojin Habasha, an fara gwabzawa ne a yankin da ke kusa da lardin Tembien. Yaƙin ya yi fice saboda yawan amfani da iskar gas ɗin mastad da Italiyawa ke yi.

 Tarihi 
A ranar 3 ga watan Oktoba 1935, Janar Emilio De Bono ya ci gaba zuwa Habasha daga Eritrea ba tare da ayyana yaki ba. De Bono ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Addis Ababa tare da sojojin Italiya kusan 100,000 da 'yan Eritrea 25,000. A watan Disamba, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na rashin aiki da ƙananan koma baya ga Italiya, De Bono ya maye gurbin Badoglio.  Sarkin Habasha Haile Selassie ya kaddamar da harin Kirsimeti a ƙarshen shekarar don gwada Badoglio. Da farko nasara, makasudin wannan harin sun kasance masu tsananin buri. Yayin da ci gaban harin Kirsimeti ya ragu, shirin Italiya na sabunta ci gaba a arewacin gaba ya fara aiki. Baya ga samun izinin amfani da iskar gas mai guba, Badoglio ya sami ƙarin sojojin ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙungiyar Italiya ta III da na Italiya na IV Corps sun isa Eritrea a farkon shekara ta 1936.John Laffin. Brassey's Dictionary of Battles, pg. 28  A tsakiyar watan Janairu 1936, Badoglio ya shirya don sabunta ci gaban Italiya. Da yake mayar da martani ga gargaɗin da ya yi akai-akai, Badoglio ya ce Mussolini: “Ya kasance dokata koyaushe in kasance da himma wajen yin shiri domin in hanzarta yin aiki.”</ref>John Laffin. Brassey's Dictionary of Battles, pg. 28

 Shiri 
A farkon watan Janairun 1936 sojojin Habasha suna cikin tsaunuka suna kallon wuraren Italiya suna kai musu hare-hare akai-akai. Habashawa da ke fuskantar Italiya sun kasance ruƙuni uku. A tsakiyar, kusa da Abbi Addi da gefen kogin Beles a Tembien, akwai Ras Kassa tare da mutane kusan 40,000 da Ras Seyoum tare da mazaje kusan 30,000. A gefen dama na Habasha Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu tare da sojojinsa kusan 80,000 ne a saman Amba Aradam. Ras Imru Haile Selassie tare da mutane kusan 40,000 suna gefen hagu na Habasha a yankin Seleclaca a lardin Shire.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, p. 55 Wasu tsiraru ne kawai daga cikin sojojin Habasha suka sami horon soji, ba su da makamai na zamani da kuma ƙasa da bindiga ɗaya ga kowane mutum.Shinn, D. H. p. 234 

Badoglio yana da rundunar sojoji biyar a hannunsa. A gefen damansa, yana da rundunar sojojin Italiya ta IV da kuma Italiya II Corps suna fuskantar Ras Imru a cikin Shire. A tsakiyar Italiya akwai Rundunar Eritrea da ke fuskantar Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum a Tembien. Fuskantar Ras Mulugeta da aka tono cikin Amba Aradam shine I Corps na Italiya da na III.  Ɗan mulkin kama-karya na Italiya Benito Mussolini bai hakura ba saboda harin Italiya da aka fara kaiwa.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, p. 59 

Da farko Badoglio ya ga halakar sojojin Ras Mulugeta a matsayin fifikonsa na farko. Dole ne a kakkaɓe wannan runduna daga manyan wuraren da take da shi a kan Amba Aradam domin Italiyawa su ci gaba da tunkarar Addis Ababa. Amma Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoumm suna matsin lamba daga Tembien har Badoglio ya yanke shawarar cewa sai ya fara tuntuɓar su. Idan cibiyar Habasha za ta ci gaba cikin nasara, I Corps da III Corps da ke fuskantar Ras Mulugeta za a katse daga ƙarfafawa da sake samarwa.  Daga ranar 20 ga watan Janairu zuwa 24 ga watan Janairu, an yi yaƙin farko na Tembien. An  gwabza ƙazamin yaƙi, inda Habashawa suka yanke 1st CC na Italiya. NN. Division "23 Marzo" na kwanaki da yawa kuma Badoglio yana tsara shirye-shiryen korar sojojin gaba ɗaya. Daga ƙarshe an bayyana matsin lamba na Italiya da yawan amfani da iskar gas ɗin mustard kuma an kawar da barazanar da Ras Kassa ya yi ga ƙungiyar I Corps da III Corps. 

Daga ranar 10 ga watan zuwa 19 ga watan Fabrairu, Badoglio ya kai hari ga sojojin Ras Mulugeta, wanda aka haƙa a kan Amba Aradam a lokacin Yaƙin Enderta. Italiya sun yi amfani da kyaututtukansu na manyan bindigogi da fifikon sararin samaniya, da kuma yin amfani da iskar gas mai nauyi. An kashe Ras Mulugeta kuma sojojinsa sun ruguje aka ruguza su a matsayin dakarun yaki a harin da suka biyo baya. Da wannan kammala, Badoglio ya koma tsakiyar don kammala abin da ya fara da yakin farko na Tembien. Zai bar sojojin Ras Imru Haile Selassie wata rana.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, p. 83

Badoglio a yanzu yana da  maza sau uku da sauran sojojin Habasha uku suka tura; Karin rarrabuwar kawuna sun isa Eritriya kuma an kammala hanyoyin sadarwar da yake buƙata don tabbatar da sake kawowa. Duk da haka, Badoglio ya tara harsashi 48,000 da harsasai miliyan 7 a yankunan gaba kafin ya fara kai harin. 

Badoglio ya yi niyyar tura rundunar ta III zuwa Gaela don yanke babban layin janyewar Ras Kassa. Bayan kafa kanta a kan hanyoyin da ke tafiya kudu daga yankin Abbi Addi, Rundunar Eritrea za ta wuce kudu daga Worsege (Italiyanci: Uarieu) kuma Ab'aro ya wuce. Wannan yunkuri na III Corps da na Eritrea Corps zai sanya sojojin Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum cikin tarko.  Mai yiyuwa ne Ras Kassa ya hango shirin Badoglio. Ya aika da saƙo mara waya zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie yana neman izinin janyewa daga Tembien. Buƙatar ta yi yawa, Selassie ya riga ya nuna cewa ya kamata Ras Kassa ya koma Amba Aradam ya hada kai da ragowar sojojin Ras Mulageta. 

 Yaƙi 
Dangane da shirin Badoglio, Rundunar Eritrea ta ci gaba daga tsaunukan tsaunuka kuma rundunar ta III ta tashi daga kwarin Geba. Yaƙi na biyu na Tembien an yi shi ne a kan ƙasa wanda ya ba da fifiko ga tsaro. Ya kasance yanki na dazuzzuka, kwazazzabai, da rafuka inda Italiyawa suka ƙasa yin amfani da manyan bindigogi yadda ya kamata ko amfani da motoci masu sulke. Sai dai sojojin Habasha na Ras Seyoum sun ƙasa cin gajiyar filin. 

Ɓangaren dama na sojojin Habasha ya tsaya akan Uork Amba ("dutsen zinari"). Habashawa sun kafa wuri mai karfi a can. Amba ya toshe hanyar zuwa Abbi Addi inda dakarun Eritrea da na III suka shirya haɗuwa. An umurci kwamandojin Alpini da Blackshirt guda ɗari da hamsin da su kama shi a ƙarƙashin duhu. Jami'an kwamandojin ɗauke da gurneti da wukake, sun gano mutanen Habashan a wajen taron ba shiri lokacin da suka kai kololuwa. 

Da sanyin safiyar ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu, an jera sojojin Ras Seyoum a jere a gaban Abbi Addi. An sanar da kukan ƙahon yaƙi da naɗi na gangunan yaƙi (negarait), wata babbar rundunar Habasha ta bar matsugunin dazuzzukan da ke rufe Debra Ansa don kai wa Italiya hari a fili. Daga karfe 8:00 na safe zuwa karfe 4:00 na yamma, bayan guguwar Habasha ta yi yunkurin kutsawa ko zagayawa wuraren da Alpini da Blackshirts na ginshikan Eritrea suka kafa. Dakaru da takubba da kulake, an sassare hare-haren tare da mayar da su baya ta hanyar harbin bindiga mai karfi.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, pp. 84–4  Yayin da hare-haren suka yi nisa sai kwamandan Italiya ya mayar da martani. Ras Seyoum ya yanke shawarar cewa mutanensa ba za su iya ɗauka ba. Sojojinsa sun kashe fiye da mutum dubu ɗaya a fagen daga yayin da suke gudu. 
Da gefansa na dama a cikin iska, Ras Seyoum ya umarci sojojinsa da su koma mashigin Tekeze. Amma, yayin da mutanensa suka makale a kan hanyar da aka buɗe musu, an kai musu hari akai-akai. Ruwan dutsen da za su tsallaka kogin ya zama kwalabe. Masu tayar da bama-bamai na Italiya sun mayar da hankali kan tarin gungun Habashawa da aka sha kashi kuma nan da nan aka mayar da wurin gidan wuta.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, pp. 84–4 

A halin yanzu, Ras Kassa da sojojinsa a Debra Amba ba su ga wani mataki ba. Yanzu dai Ras Kassa ya yanke shawarar yin abin da Sarki ya nuna ya fara janye sojojinsa zuwa wajen Amba Aradam. Su kuma sojojin sa an kai musu harin bam.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, pp. 84–4 

A ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu, Rundunar III da Rundunar Eritrea sun haɗu kusan mil uku yamma da Abbi Addi kuma tarkon ya ƙare. Duk da haka, wani kaso mai yawa na sojojin Habasha biyu sun yi nasarar tserewa tarun Badoglio. Duk da haka, mutanen da suka tsere sun ji rauni kuma ba su da kayan aiki ko kaɗan. A lokacin da Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum suka isa hedkwatar Haile Sellassie da ke Quorom makonni biyu bayan haka, sun samu rakiyar mutane kaɗan fiye da mutanen masu tsaron lafiyarsu.Barker, A. J., Rape of Ethiopia 1936, pp. 84–4

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