Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Moldova

Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a da 'yancin bayanai (FOI)  suna nufin haƙƙin samun damar samun bayanai da hukumomin jama'a ke riƙewa wanda aka fi sani da ƴancin sani". Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a ana ɗaukarsa muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga ingantaccen aiki na tsarin dimokuradiyya, yayin da yake inganta alhakin gwamnatoci da jami'an gwamnati, haɓaka sa hannun mutane da kuma ba da damar sa hannun jama'a. Babban jigon haƙƙin samun damar bayanan jama'a shine cewa bayanan da cibiyoyin gwamnati ke riƙewa a ka'idar jama'a ne kuma ana iya ɓoye su ne kawai bisa ga dalilai na halal waɗanda ya kamata a ba da cikakken bayani a cikin doka.Freedom of Information, UNESCO. 

Samun dama ga bayanai, kamar yadda 'Yancin kai na kafofin watsa labarai da pluralism sun kasance batutuwa masu mahimmanci a Jamhuriyar Moldova. Duk da kira da yawa don sake fasalin dokokin kafofin watsa labarai, gwamnatin Moldova ba ta yi muhimmiyar matakai don inganta damar samun bayanai bisa ga wajibai na kasa da kasa na kasar ba, gami da yarjejeniya tare da Majalisar Turai. Jami'an gwamnati sun hana samun damar samun bayanai ta jama'a ta hanyar kin amincewa, jinkiri ko amsoshin da ba cikakke ba, ba tare da takunkumi ba. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Cibiyar Jarida Mai Zaman Kanta (IJC) ta gabatar wa Majalisar gyare-gyare don inganta dokar kan samun dama ga bayanai, samar da ƙarin tabbaci ga 'yan jarida da kuma iyakance iyakokin samun dama ga bayanan jama'a ta jami'an gwamnati. Koyaya, ba a riga an karɓi dokar ba. A cewar Babban Darakta na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida Masu Zaman Kansu, Petru Macovei, gabaɗaya dokar samun dama ga bayanai tana da kyau, amma halin da ba na haɗin gwiwa na hukumomin jama'a ya lalata shi.

 Tsarin shari'a 
Hakkin samun damar bayanai na jama'a a cikin tabbacin Mataki na 34 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Moldova kuma Dokar samun damar bayanai ce ta tsara shi a cikin 2000."Moldova: stakeholder Submission for the Universal Periodic Review". Freedomhouse.org. Freedom House. 28 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016. Dokar ta tabbatar da cewa ana iya neman bayanan da jama'a ke da sha'awa a rubuce ko ta baki. Ana iya bincika bayanai a wurin ma'aikatar ko kuma ana iya karɓar su a cikin tallafin lantarki ko a cikin kwafin. Binciken takardu a kan ma'aikatar kyauta ne, yayin da za'a iya cajin kudade masu ma'ana don farashin kwafin hoto, fassara, fassara ko isar da takardun. Dangane da doka, dole ne a samar da takardun sha'awar jama'a a cikin kwanaki 15 na aiki, wanda za'a iya tsawaita shi da kwanaki biyar idan akwai buƙatun adadi mai yawa na takardu. Idan an ki amincewa da bukatar, mai nema na iya amfani da haƙƙinsa na daukaka kara ga kotuna masu dacewa, kuma idan kotun ta yanke shawara a madadin mai nema, doka ta sanya hukunci a matsayin tarar ga hukumar gwamnati wacce ta keta doka. Ban da ke tabbatar da iyakancewa ga tsarin bayyanawa an ƙayyade su a cikin doka kuma sun haɗa da asirin jihar, bayanai game da soja, leken asiri, tattalin arziki, manufofin kasashen waje ko ayyukan aikata laifuka, bayanai game le karar da ke gudana, bayanan sirri, bayanan kasuwanci na sirri, da sakamakon farko na binciken kimiyya da fasaha.

 Samun dama ga bayanai a aikace 
A aikace, bin Dokar kan Samun Bayani ya kasance mai rauni kamar yadda aiwatarwa wanda ba a tallafawa ta cikakken ikon hukumomin da ke da alhakin tilasta shi ba. Mai ba da shawara a Moldova yana da ikon kula da aiwatar da doka, amma wannan ofishin ba shi da ikon da albarkatun yin aikinsa."Moldova: stakeholder Submission for the Universal Periodic Review". Freedomhouse.org. Freedom House. 28 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016. 'Yan jarida masu bincike da kungiyoyin farar hula suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa yayin neman damar samun bayanai na jama'a, gami da hanawa daga jami'an gwamnati, ƙin yarda da jinkiri wajen amsa buƙatun, da kuma amsoshin da ba su cika ba ga buƙatun bayanai. Don tabbatar da musantawarsu, jami'an gwamnati galibi suna ambaton dokokin da suka saba wa Dokar Samun Bayanai, musamman Dokar Asirin Jiha da Dokar Asirin Kasuwanci.

Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin tilasta haƙƙin samun damar bayanai na jama'a shine rashin hukunci, ma'ana cewa doka ta kafa tarar da ba ta da mahimmanci a kan ofisoshin jama'a waɗanda suka kasa samar da damar samun bayanai. Har ila yau, a lokuta da yawa, bayanan da hukumomin gwamnati suka bayar an tsara su ne a cikin ni'imar jami'ai, suna ba da ra'ayi cewa hukumomi suna nunawa cikin bin doka, yayin da a zahiri suna hana mai nema bayanin da suke nema. Bugu da ƙari, a lokuta da yawa jami'ai ba sa samar da bayanan sha'awar jama'a ba tare da amincewa daga mai kula ba kuma sau da yawa suna ƙin amsa kiran waya daga 'yan jarida, don haka suna ƙara lokacin samun bayanan da ake buƙata    "Moldova: stakeholder Submission for the Universal Periodic Review". Freedomhouse.org. Freedom House. 28 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

Wani matsala ya shafi farashin samun bayanan jama'a da kudaden da aka caje wa mai nema, duk da wasu ci gaba da aka yi kwanan nan, kamar gabatar da rajistar jama'a ta hanyar sabis na E-Government a cikin 2014. Wannan yana shafar wasu ɗakunan labarai da 'yan jarida masu bincike waɗanda dole ne su biya kuɗi mai yawa don samun bayanai masu amfani don aikin binciken su."Moldova: stakeholder Submission for the Universal Periodic Review". Freedomhouse.org. Freedom House. 28 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

 Dubi kuma 

 Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Turai
 'Yanci na bayanai
 Dokokin 'yancin bayanai ta ƙasa
 Bayyanawa na mallakar kafofin watsa labarai a Turai
 Kafofin watsa labarai na Moldova
 Bayyanawa na mallakar kafofin watsa labarai a Moldova

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam