Yaƙin Logandème

Yakin Logandème  (18 ga Mayu 1859)  wani tawaye ne karkashin jagorancin Sarki Serer Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, sarkin Sine, kan daular Faransa . Yaƙin ya faru ne a Logandème (a cikin Fatick  ) wanda wani yanki ne na Sine a lokacin.  Klein, Martin A., Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914, Edinburgh University Press, pp 55-59,  Yakin kuma wani harin ramuwar gayya ne ga mutanen Serer bayan gagarumar nasarar da suka samu a kan Faransa a yakin Djilass (ko Tilas) a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1859. Wannan dai shi ne karon farko da Faransa ta yanke shawarar daukar aikin kwallon cannonball a Senegambia . 

 Fage 
Bayan da Sarauniya Ndateh Yalla Mbooj ta Waalo ta sha kashi a shekara ta 1855, Adande, Alexis B.A., Arinze, Emmanuel, "The place of Women in the Museum of Saint-Louis", [in] Museums & urban culture in West Africa, Institut africain international, Oxford, 2002, pp 145-146  Louis Faidherbe ya yanke shawarar kaddamar da yaki da masarautun Serer na Sine da Saloum, kuma ya bayyana duk wasu yarjejeniyoyin da aka rattabawa hannu a baya tsakanin masarautun biyu da Faransa ba su da tushe balle makama tare da neman kafa sabbin yarjejeniyoyin kan sharuddan Faidherbe. Klein, Martin A., Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914, Edinburgh University Press, pp 55-59, ISBN 0-85224-029-5 A cewar masana irin su Martin A. Klein, wannan babban kuskure ne daga bangaren Faransanci, domin ya share fagen yin amfani da wannan dabarar ga sarakunan Serer na gaba a kan Faransawa, musamman Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye, magajin Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak a 1871.  Soke harajin al'ada da ya wuce kima da 'yan kasuwan Faransa suka biya ga Sarautar, sarakunan Serer sun ƙi samun Faransawa su saya da mallakar ƙasa a cikin ƙasashen Serer ko gina ginin gine-gine (duba Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof ) duk sun kasance abubuwan da suka taimaka wajen wannan yakin.   Duk da haka, nasarar da Serer ya yi a kan Faransawa a yakin Djilass a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1859 ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci. 

Wannan yakin shi ne karo na farko da Faransawa suka yanke shawarar yin amfani da cannonball a cikin Senegambia (kuma mai yiyuwa a Afirka) don daukar fansa mai wulakanci a yakin Djilass (13 Mayu 1859).  Har ila yau, a wannan yakin ne gwamna Faidherbe ya nuna girmamawa ga makiyansa (Serer) da cewa: "Wadannan mutane, muna kashe su, amma ba mu wulakanta su." Ya ce da kwamandan Faransa na Gorée, Pinet Laprade.  Bayan da Senegal ta samu 'yancin kai, shugaba Léopold Sédar Senghor ya ɗauki wannan magana a matsayin taken rundunar sojojin ƙasar: "Kuna iya kashe mu amma ba za ku iya wulakanta mu ba"  ( Faransanci : « A ranar; a kan ne nous déshonore pas »).

A cikin Mayu 1859, Faidherbe ya isa Gorée tare da tirailleur 200 da ma'aikatan ruwa 160. Daga nan sai ya tara sojojin Gorée, mutanen Gorée, Rufisque da kuma mutanen Lebou na Dakar don yakar Serers of Sine don ramuwar gayya ga Kumba Ndoffene da nasarar Sanmoon Faye a kan Pinet-Laprade a farkon wannan shekarar a Tilas .  A cikin wata wasika da ya aika zuwa birnin Paris game da yadda ake zaton ya samu goyon bayan Wolofs da Lebou, ya bayar da rahoton cewa:

 "Na gaya musu cewa Faransawa ne, don haka dole ne su dauki makamai don shiga cikinmu kuma dole ne su shiga cikin balaguron da za mu yi wa makwabtansu don samun diyya kan laifin da mutanen suka yi mana." 

Daga Rufisque, sojojin kawancen Faransa sun shiga Joal, daya daga cikin manyan sarakunan masarautar Sine. A cikin Joal, sun ci karo da Buumi na Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak (mai gadon sarauta) - Yarima Sanmoon Faye, wanda ke sintiri tare da wasu sojojin Sine. Abin mamaki da rashin sanin abin da sojojin Faransa ke yi a kasar Serer, bangarorin biyu sun bude wuta. Dakarun sintiri na Sine an tilasta musu ja da baya amma biyu daga cikinsu Faransawa sun kama su, kuma daya daga cikin su aka damka wa aikin ya je ya mika wa Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof cewa sojojin Faransa za su kasance a Fatick nan da kwanaki uku. Fatick ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masarautun Sine. 

 Yakin 
A safiyar ranar 18 ga Mayu 1859, Faransawa daga ƙarshe sun isa Fatick kuma suka ɗauki matsayinsu.  Sojojin Sine, waɗanda junjung suka tara, sun tsaya gadi a Logandème . Da misalin karfe tara na safe, sojojin Serer sun kai hari kan sojojin Faransa. Da karfe 9:30 na safe, karfin sojan Faransa ya mamaye shi, Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof da dakarunsa sun tilasta ja da baya. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan sai sarkin Sine da sojojin dawakansa suka dawo fagen fama . Duk da haka, sun kasa karya darajar Faransanci kuma an ci su a ƙarshe.   Bayan nasarar Faransa, gwamna Louis Faidherbe ya ba da umarnin a kona Fatick da kauyukan da ke kewaye da shi kurmus. Faidherbe ya yi iƙirarin cewa  150 Serer-Sine maza sune:

 "ko dai an kashe shi ko aka raunata, amma sojojin Faransa biyar ne kawai suka ji rauni". 

Gwamnatin Faransa a birnin Paris ta soki Faidherbe da gudanar da wani balaguron soji ba tare da sanar da su ba. Dangane da wannan sukar, Faidherbe ya yi iƙirarin cewa kawai ya mamaye wani yanki ne na Faransa tun 1679.  A cewar masana kamar Klein, Faidherbe yana wasa da kalmomi kuma yana aiwatar da manufofin asali a Senegal, wanda ya haifar da mamaye wani yanki da ba na Faransa ba.  Masarautar Sine ko wasu lardunanta ba su taɓa zama na Faransa ba. 

 Bayan haka 
Bayan shan kayen da ya yi a Logandème da kuma mamayar wasu lardunan Sine da Faransawa suka yi, Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak an tilasta masa shiga wata yarjejeniya wadda ya ga ba za ta amince da ita ba. Wani bangare na waccan yarjejeniya ya hada da: tabbatar da 'yancin kasuwancin Faransa, baiwa Faransa damar cin gashin kanta, baiwa 'yan kasuwan Faransa 'yancin siyan filaye da gina gine-gine, harajin da aka biya wa Sine zai zama harajin fitar da kashi 3 ne kawai kuma za a yi shari'ar Faransanci a kotunan Faransa .  

Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak ya kalli yarjejeniyar a matsayin rashin adalci kuma ya kammala da cewa Faransawa na kokarin bata ikon mulkinsa . Masana tarihi kamar Klein da Diouf sun ba da sanarwar cewa, Sarkin Sine bai riga ya shirya ya bar ƙasarsa ga Faransanci ba duk da umarnin Faransa. A ranar 8 ga Yuli 1860, ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa kwamandan Gorée wanda ya karanta:

Barazanar Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak bai kawo cikas ga mamayar Faransa a Senegal ba. Sai dai wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ya yi sun yi illa ga tattalin arzikin Faransa a Senegal duk da na wani dan lokaci, kuma barnar ta yi matukar tsada ga gwamnatin Faransa ta gyara. Don tilasta wa Faransa yin biyayya ga bukatunsa waɗanda suka haɗa da tattara haraji daga da kuma dawo da waɗannan larduna, Maad a Sinig ya ba da umarnin a dakatar da duk wani motsi na shanu zuwa Joal. An nufi Dakar shanun . An lalata gonakin gyada, wanda ya kasance babban mai samar da kudin shiga ga Faransawa, tare da kayayyakin sufuri. Hakan ya biyo bayan wani gangamin cin zarafin ‘yan kasuwar Faransa a Fatick. 

Lalacewar gonakin gyada ba Faransawa kadai ya shafa ba, har ma da manoman Serer wadanda suka dauki nauyin wadannan yake-yake. Duk da haka, ya hana manoman Sine yin watsi da al'adar Faransanci sabanin Cayor wanda manoman suka dogara sosai ga Faransa bayan yunwar Cayor a 1863 da 1864, kuma Faidherbe ya ba da rance ga manoman Cayor don sayen iri wanda ya kara yawan noman gyada a can, amma kuma ya tilasta musu su dogara ga Faransa. 

Masarautar Saloum, a karkashin mulkin Maad Saloum Samba Laobe Laobe Latsouka Jogop Faal, ta yi irin wannan yakin na soji da Faransawa. Sakamakon abin da Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak ya yi, Sarkin Saloum ya yi haka.   A watan Oktoba 1863, Sarkin Sine yana ƙoƙari ya dawo da lardunan da suka ɓace, musamman Joal, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga Maad Kumba Ndoffene, saboda Joal ya kasance babban cibiyar kasuwanci kamar yadda David Boilat ya tabbatar a cikin "Esquisses Sénégalaises" (1853). 

Yunkurin da Faransa ta yi wa Joal ya kasance mummunan rauni ga Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak, ba kawai ta fuskar tattalin arziki ba, har ma ta fuskar tsaro. Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, Joal ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga kudaden shiga na kasar. Jihadin da masu fafutukar musulmi ke jagoranta irin su Maba Diakhou Bâ sun mamaye Sine. Kamar yadda Sine bai dogara da makaman Faransa ba ko taimakon sojan Faransa ba,  Joal ita ce kawai ƙofar Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak don siyan makamai daga Burtaniya a Gambiya don kare ƙasarsa daga duk wata barazanar da masu fafutukar musulmi za su iya yi a Sine. Ta hannun Joal na Faransa da ya ci nasara, sun yanke hanyar da Maad Kumba Ndoffene ke da shi don samun makamai daga Birtaniya da kuma kare iyakokinsa. 

Nasarar da Faransa ta yi wa sassan Sine, musamman Joal, ba kawai Faransawa ta amfana ba, har ma da ƙungiyoyin Marabout na ƙarni na 19 waɗanda ke siyan makamai daga Burtaniya a Gambiya ta hanyar Saloum, kuma sun dogara sosai kan makaman Burtaniya, [1] duk da nasarar Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak a kan marabouts a yakin Fandane- 18. Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof ya ga Faransanci a matsayin babban abokin gaba da barazana fiye da Maba Diakhou Bâ. [2] A cikin shekaru goma sha biyu masu zuwa tun lokacin da Faidherbe ya sha kaye a Logandème, ya ci gaba da ƙoƙarin yaƙar Faransanci. A watan Agustan 1871, ya bar babban birninsa zuwa Joal domin ya dauke shi, amma Faransawa suka kashe shi.

 Manazarta 

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