Mary Laurinda Jane Smith Beatty

Mary Laurinda Jane Smith Beatty (Fabrairu 1834 - Satumba 28, 1899) ta kasance 'yar Afirka ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan zaɓen da ta haɗu da Abigail Scott Duniway, Maria P. Hendee, da Mary Ann King Lambert a 1872 don jefa kuri'a a Portland, Oregon lokacin da ba a ba mata damar yin zabe ba.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko na Afirka da suka yi ta'aziyya a fili don zaɓen mata a yammacin Kogin Mississippi .

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Beatty Mary Laurinda Jane Smith a watan Fabrairun 1834 kusa da Louisville, Kentucky . Iyayenta, James Madison Smith da Catharine Ann Philips Smith, 'yan Afirka ne masu' yanci waɗanda suka sayi' yancin su daga bautar a cikin shekarun 1840. Sun auri bishop na Katolika na gaba Ignatius A. Reynolds kuma suna aiki a cikin Railroad na karkashin kasa.  

Maryamu ta auri Bishop Martin John Spalding ga James William Beatty a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1850. Ma'auratan sun bar Kentucky ba da daɗewa ba, bayan sabbin ƙuntatawa na matakin jihar akan baƙi, da kuma wucewar Dokar Bautar Fugitive. Sun zauna a takaice a Hanover, Indiana, suna barin Indiana ma bayan kundin tsarin mulkin Indiana ya hana shige da fice na baki. Ma'auratan sun koma yamma a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, kafin su zauna a Portland, Oregon, a 1864.     

Duk da nuna bambanci da suka fuskanta a Portland, gami da Dokokin Black Exclusion na jihar na 1857 da Haraji na 1862,  Mary da James Beatty sun kafa hanyoyin rayuwa masu nasara a Portland: Mary ta yi aiki a matsayin mai yin tufafi, yayin da James ya yi aiki a ranar mai zane. Duk da haramcin Oregon akan baƙi masu mallakar dukiya, Beattys sun mallaki dukiya mai yawa.  

 Siyasa 
A duk rayuwarsu, ma'auratan sun yi aiki don daidaito. James Beatty ya ba da umarnin "Babban Jubilee na Ratification" na birnin don Kwaskwarima na goma sha biyar kuma ya goyi bayan kokarin hayar jami'an 'yan sanda na baki. Ya kasance memba na kungiyar Colored Lincoln Republican Club . A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1872, Mary Beatty ta haɗu da Abigail Scott Duniway, Maria P. Hendee da Mary Ann King Lambert a ziyarar yankin Morrison na Portland don jefa kuri'a, Kamar yadda littafin sufragie The New Northwest ya lura, "Ta haka ne aka tabbatar da mata masu launin fata a cikin mutanen Mrs. A.J. Duniway. Bayan 'yan watanni, Mary Beattys "ya karanta wata kasida da ke tabbatar da cewa mata masu launin fari suna farka da bukatun kansu" a kungiyar sufragie na Jihar Oregon ta 1873.

Mary Beatty ba ta rayu ba don ganin nasarar da aka samu ga mata na Oregon a shekarar 1912, bayan da aka yi ƙoƙari biyar. Kuma ba zai kasance ba har sai an wuce Dokar 'Yancin Zabe a 1965 cewa manufofin nuna bambanci na launin fata da ke hana mutane masu launin fata yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na jefa kuri'a sun ƙare, suna cika wani ɓangare na alkawarin cikakken zaɓe. Duk da haka, Mary Beatty ta kasance mai gabatarwa ga masu gwagwarmayar Black suffrage waɗanda suka yi ta'aziyya don jefa kuri'a a yankin Portland a lokacin muhimmiyar tattarawa a 1912, gami da Hattie Redmond da Lizzie Weeks . 

 Mutuwa 
Bayan hatsari, Beatty ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 1899, yana da shekaru 65. An binne ta a Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph a Portland kuma an binne ta a Kabari na Greenwood Hills . 

 Bayanan da aka ambata