Shige da fice daga Afirka

Wannan labarin yana magana ne game da ƙaura daga Afirka na baya-bayan nan. Dubi Afirka ta Afirka don kula da motsi na tarihi. Dubi Asalin Afirka na baya-bayan nan na mutane na zamani don ƙaurawar ɗan adam kafin tarihi.

A lokacin 1965 - 2021, kimanin mutane 440,000 a kowace shekara sun yi hijira daga Afirka; an kiyasta jimlar adadin baƙi miliyan 17 a cikin Afirka a shekara ta 2005.World migration 2008: Managing labour mobility in the evolving global economy Volume 4 of IOM world migration report series, International Organization for Migration, Hammersmith Press, 2008 , pp. 38, 407 .Adadin 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka miliyan 0.44 a kowace shekara (wanda ya dace da kusan 0.05% na yawan jama'ar nahiyar) ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da karuwar yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na kusan 2.6%, yana nuna cewa kusan 2% ne kawai na karuwar yawan Afirka ana biyan su ta hanyar ƙaura.2006 OECD data, cited in World migration 2008, Hammersmith Press, 2008, , pp. 409–10.

 Kasashen Asalin 

 Arewacin Afirka 
Kasashen Arewacin Afirka sun bambanta a al'adu, addini, kabilanci, kishin kasa, da harshe saboda wuraren da suke da kyau don kasuwanci da kasuwancin su tare da Kudancin Afirka, Turai, da yankin Gulf na Farisa. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ƙaura daga Arewacin Afirka, musamman daga Tunisia, Morocco, da Aljeriya zuwa Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da ƙasashen Larabawa sun karu sosai saboda mulkin mallaka, rashin tsaro na zamantakewa da siyasa, yaƙi mai tsawo, da kuma yawan rashin aikin yi.

Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, da Mauritania) ba ta kasance ƙarshen layin ga baƙi na Kudancin da Sub-Sahara ba. Duk da yake matafiya kalilan daga wasu sassan nahiyar sun zauna har abada, yawancin sun yi amfani da Maghreb a matsayin wurin aiki na wucin gadi. Turai ta kasance makoma ga kashi 87% na 'yan gudun hijirar Arewacin Afirka. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, tsarin ƙaura na mata, maza, da yara daga Afirka ya canza saboda sauye-sauyen manufofin kasashen Yamma da kuma mamaye ayyukan ma'aikatan Gulf na Farisa ta ma'aikatan Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Shige da fice na mutanen Arewacin Afirka ya karu daga miliyan 6.2 zuwa miliyan 9.3 a cikin shekaru 13 daga 2000 zuwa 2013. Mazaunan da aka haifa a Morocco a Turai sun ninka sau biyu daga 1993 zuwa 2004. Lokacin da kasashen Yuro-Mediterranean suka sha wahala daga rikicin tattalin arziki a cikin shekarun 1970, gwamnatocin kasashen Turai sun canza dokar ƙaura don iyakance ƙaura ta doka da ba bisa ka'ida ba daga Afirka, amma ta kasa. Tun daga shekara ta 1974, ƙaurawar mata da yara ta karu sosai sakamakon izinin ƙaura na Turai don sake haɗuwa da iyali na nukiliya.Kassar; Marzouk; Lakhoua; Hemminki; Anwar; Khyatti (August 2014). "Emigration flows from North Africa to Europe". European Journal of Public Health. 24: 4. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cku105. PMID 25107991.
A cikin shekarun 2000, Arewacin Afirka tana karɓar adadi mai yawa na 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka ta Kudu "a cikin wucewa", galibi daga Yammacin Afirka, waɗanda ke shirin shiga Turai. Mutanen da baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba 22,000 na shekara-shekara sun ɗauki hanyar daga ko dai Tunisia ko Libya zuwa Lampedusa a cikin 2000-2005. Wannan adadi ya ragu a shekara ta 2006, amma ya karu sosai sakamakon Juyin Juya Halin Tunisiya na 2011 da Yakin basasar Libya na 2011. 

 Yankin Sahara 
A shekara ta 2005, 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka ta Yamma 10,000 da ke kan hanyar zuwa Turai sun makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mauritania ta Nouadhibou, kuma' yan gudun hijirar Afrịka 20,000 da ke kudu da Sahara suna jiran damar hayewa zuwa Turai a cikin yankunan Mutanen Espanya a Arewacin Afirka.2006 OECD data, cited in World migration 2008, Hammersmith Press, 2008, ISBN 978-92-9068-405-3, pp. 409–10.

Ga Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, rahoton Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta yawan mutane miliyan 21.8 (2.5% na yawan jama'a) masu ƙaura da miliyan 17.7 (2.1% na yawan jamaʼa).An kiyasta kashi 63.0% na ƙaura a matsayin abin da ke faruwa a cikin yanki, yayin da kashi 24.8% na ƙaura ya kasance zuwa ƙasashen OECD masu samun kuɗi.Manyan hanyoyin ƙaura goma sun kasance 1. [Hasiya] Zimbabwe-Afirka ta Kudu, 3. Cote d'Ivoire-Burkina Faso, 4. Uganda-Kenya, 5. Eritrea-Sudan, 6. Mozambique-Afirka ta Kudu, 7. Mali da Ivory Coast, 8. Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo-Rwanda, 9. Lesotho-Afirka ta Kudu, 10. Eritrea da Habasha.

 Asiya 
Yawancin matasa daliban Afirka sun zaɓi China a matsayin makoma, kamar yadda kasancewar masana'antu da kasuwancin kasar Sin a Afirka ya karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

 Arewacin Amurka 
Shige da fice na Afirka zuwa Amurka ya kasance ɗan ƙarami, jimillar kusan mutane 3,183,104 tun daga shekara ta 2010. 

 Amurka ta tsakiya da ta Kudu 
Har ila yau, akwai rikodin mutane daga Afirka da ƙasashen Amurka ta Tsakiya da ta Kudu kamar Brazil, Panama da Mexico waɗanda suka ba da rahoton ƙasarsu ta asali."Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

 Oceania 
A Ostiraliya, yawan baƙi daga Afirka ya karu sosai tun daga shekarun 1990, tare da mafi yawanci a Sydney, Melbourne da Perth. Mafi girma daga cikin wadannan yawan mutanen Afirka ta Australiya shine al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ƙididdigar 2011 ta rubuta mutane 145,683 da aka haifa a Afirka ta Kudu a Ostiraliya. Mai ba da labarai Anton Enus, marubucin J. M. Coetzee, da mawaƙa Selwyn Pretorius misalai ne na shahararrun mutanen yankin daga wannan al'umma. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci ga al'ummar Australiya ta Masar 40,000, galibi suna mai da hankali a Sydney,  al'ummar Australia ta Zimbabwe 30,000 mai ƙarfi,  da kuma al'ummar Mauritian Australiya 28,000 mai ƙarfi. 

 Manazarta