Crispina Peres

Crispina Peres (c. A cikin shekara ta alif dubu daya da sha biyar 1615 -izuwa shekara ta alif dubu daya da saba'in 1670) ta kasance mai cinikin bayi "Senhora", ta halitta daga Geba, a zamanin Guinea-Bissau.

Crispina Peres ta kasance daga cikin zuriyar 'yan kasuwa mata na Afirka, waɗanda ke aiki a wasu manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na yankin Yammacin Afirka, kamar Guinguim, Farim, Cacheu da Geba. Ta shiga cikin hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin yanki da na duniya. Babban kasuwancin Crispina shine musayar kayayyaki daga 'yan kasuwa na Turai ga mutane. 'Yan kasuwa na Fotigal da na gida sun sayar da waɗannan mutane ga sassa daban-daban na Amurka da Portugal. Gudanar da kasuwancin ta daga Cacheu, Crispina Peres tana da alaƙa da cinikin bayi da Atlantic World tsakanin 1640 da 1668.

 Magana 
Crispina Peres sunan baftisma ne na Kirista wanda iyayenta suka ba ta lokacin da aka yi mata baftisma a Geba . Ta gaji sunanta na karshe daga mahaifinta, Rodrigo Peres Baltazar, ɗan asalin Tsibirin Terceira .

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Crispina Peres a cikin c.1615, a Geba. Ita 'yar Isabel Pessoa ce da Rodrigo Peres Baltazar. Mahaifiyar Crispina da kakannin mahaifiyarsu Banhuns ne, an haife su a Guinguim (yanzu Beguingue). Guinguim tana arewacin Cacheu, kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Buguendo, a São Domingo. 

Mahaifin Crispina Peres shi ne Rodrigo Peres Baltazar, ɗan asalin tsibirin Terceira kuma ɗan kasuwa na ƙasashen waje wanda ke kasuwanci a Guinguim. Rodrigo Peres Baltazar ya sadu da Isabel Pessoa (mahaifiyar Crispina Peres) a Guinguim, inda suka yi aure, sannan daga baya suka koma Geba, inda aka haifi Crispina. Lokacin da Crispina ke matashiya, iyayenta sun ƙaura daga Geba zuwa Cacheu. Daga baya, bayan Crispina ta yi aure, iyayenta suka koma Farim kuma Crispina ta kasance a Cacheu. Tana da ɗan'uwa, Antônio Peres Baltazar .

A kusa da 1630-1635, Crispina Peres ta auri Kyaftin Francisco Nunes Dandrade, ɗan kasuwa na bawa, tare da shi ta haifi 'ya'ya uku: Rodrigo Nunes, George Nunes, da Cassila Nunes . A shekara ta 1665, bayan mutuwar Francisco Nunes Dandrade, Crispina Peres ta auri Jorge Gonçalves Frances, tare da ita tana da 'yar daya, Eleonor, wacce ta mutu tun tana jariri. An haifi Jorge Gonçalves a Cacheu kuma ba a Portugal ba.

Jorge Gonçalves Frances shi ne capitão-mor (Kapitan-Janar) na Cacheu . Tare, suna da matsayi mai tasiri. Crispina Peres ta mallaki cinikayya tsakanin Portuguese da 'yan asalin Afirka a yankin kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin matsakanci na diflomasiyya tsakanin su ta hanyar alaƙar ta. Crispina Peres 'yar kasuwa ce mai cin nasara. Baya ga gidanta, tana da gidan baƙi ga baƙi, jirgin ruwa, da gidaje da yawa da bayi.

 Kurkuku a Lisbon (1665-1668) 
A shekara ta 1665, an kai Crispina Peres daga Cacheu zuwa Cape Verde sannan zuwa Portugal. An zarge ta da yin al'adun gargajiya duk da cewa ita Katolika ce, wani abin da ya faru da wani memba na wani mutum na gida a waje da Turai da aka kai shi Portugal don fuskantar shari'a a gaban Inquisition saboda ridda.

Crispina Peres ta yi shekaru uku a kurkukun Inquisition a Lisbon daga 1665 zuwa 1668. A can, ta jimre da dukkan wahalar: an azabtar da ita sau da yawa kuma tana da rashin lafiya sosai a cikin shekara ta 1666. A ƙarshe, bayan bincike da yawa da ikirari, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1668, an same ta da laifi. An yanke wa Crispina Peres hukunci saboda laifukan "amfani da masu sihiri da maganin su," "amfani le bukukuwan alheri," ta amfani da "Mandinka cords," da kuma ba da umarnin jakar ganye da za a sanya a wuyan 'yarta da ke rashin lafiya.

An karanta hukuncin ta a cikin auto-da-fé, a Largo do Rossio, a tsakiyar Lisbon, inda ta yi tafiya a cikin procession sanbenito, tare da kyandir mai haske a hannunta, kuma ta saurari tuba. Sa'an nan, a ƙarshe, an tilasta mata ta biya kuɗin shari'ar Kotun.

Bayan ta yi tuba, ta tafi jirgin farko daga Lisbon zuwa Cacheu. Watanni uku bayan haka, ta isa gida, ta sami mijinta Jorge Gonçalves har ma da rashin lafiya. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan dawowarta, a shekara ta 1668, Crispina Peres ta zama gwauruwa a karo na biyu.

Ta mutu a Cacheu bayan 1670 (ranar da ba a yi rajista ba).

 Abin Tunawa 
A cikin 2016, an kaddamar da Tunawa da Bautar da Cinikin Bautar a Guinea-Bissau wanda aka keɓe ga Bautar da cinikin Bautar.

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba