Hamadsha

Hamadsha wasu ƴan uwan Musulmi ne na kurkusa (ko da yake tana da maza (wanda ake kira Hamdushi ) da mata (wanda ake kira Hamdushiyya ) mabiyansa) waɗanda ke yin bikin mallaka a Maroko,  musamman ta wasu Baƙar fata Moroccan,  da kuma yin amfani da kiɗan da kiɗan Gnawa ya rinjayi.  Yana da magani da farko a yanayi, kuma ko dai yana warkar da mutane masu wahala ko kuma ya ba su sabuwar rawar zamantakewa don zama (ko duka biyun). Ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin nau'i na maraboutis, bautar waliyyai na musulmi, wanda ya shahara a cikin Maghreb. 

Yana kama da ayyukan mallakar zar da Bori, tare da tushen Sufanci .  Waliyai Sidi 'Ali ben Hamdush (waddansa shine 'Allaliyyin ) da Sidi Ahmed Dghugi (waddansa Dghugiyyin ) ne suka kafa ta. Sidi Ahmed bawa ko bawa Sidi Ali ne. An binne su a kusa da Meknes; Sidi 'Ali a wani babban kabari kusa da Beni Rachid, da Sidi Ahmed a Beni Ouarad. Kusan kashi 1/6 na kowane kauye suna da'awar zuriyarsu daga waliyyan waliyyan (ko kuma daya daga cikin 'yan'uwansa, a wajen Sidi Ali, kamar yadda ake cewa ya rasu bai haihu ba  ), haka nan ma Annabi, kuma ya kira wulad siyyid (ya'yan waliyyai) da shurfa (waka. Sharif, kalmar da ke nuna zuriyar Annabi Muhammad ). Waɗannan zuriyar suna da zaɓi na shiga Hamadsha, amma yawanci ba sa.  Dukansu Gnawa da Hamadsha suna tafiya aikin hajji zuwa kabarin Sidi 'Ali, a lokaci guda, makon mussai (bikin haihuwar Muhammadu), ko da yake ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Witulski, Christopher J. "Crossing Paths: Musical and Ritual Interactivity between The Ḥamadsha and Gnawa in Sidi Ali, Morocco". Yale Journal of Music and Religion.

Wadanda Hamadsha ke yi musu magani ma na iya zama memba. Mambobi yawanci suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin musulmin Sunna . Membobin Hamadsha sun kasu kashi-kungiya da ake kira taifa, wanda zai iya samun takamaiman wurin taro da ake kira zawiya . 

 Ruhohi da mallaka 
Mallaka ana danganta shi da wani mutum mai suna Lalla Aisha, Witulski, Christopher J. "Crossing Paths: Musical and Ritual Interactivity between The Ḥamadsha and Gnawa in Sidi Ali, Morocco". Yale Journal of Music and Religion. wanda wasu ke ɗaukarsa kamar aljani, wasu kuma ba sa yi. Wani lokaci ana cewa Aisha hudu ne.  Ta bukaci hadaya daga mazajen da ta mallaki zubar da jini na al'ada.  Aisha Qandisha, kamar yadda ake iya kiran ta, ta fito a cikin zar na Masar kamar yadda Aisha al-Maghribiya.  Kalolinta ja ne da baki. 

Sauran ruhohi kuma an san suna da mabiya Hamadsha. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kuma sanannu ne ga ayyukan Gnawa; Sidi Hamu, Sidi Musa, da Sidi Mimun. Ana halartar bukukuwa da sadaukarwa don gina dangantaka, kiyaye fa'idodin baraka, da kuma kawar da ruhin da ke haifar da matsala. Witulski, Christopher J. "Crossing Paths: Musical and Ritual Interactivity between The Ḥamadsha and Gnawa in Sidi Ali, Morocco". Yale Journal of Music and Religion.

 bukukuwa 
Takaitaccen labari ya nuna cewa bikin da aka gano mallakar mallaka ya ƙunshi taro a cikin wani wuri na zeriba (wata bukka da aka yi da tabarma) inda ake raye-raye da wake-wake. Ana shake da naman hadaya (kamar kaza ko akuya) ana dafa shi ba tare da gishiri ba. Ana shafa wannan ruwa a bango da kasa, kuma naman dabbar na cin naman dabbobin. 

Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa ana gudanar da bikin ne a kusa da kabarin wani waliyyi, kamar Sheikh al-Kamal, wanda ya assasa 'yan'uwantakar 'yan'uwan Isawiyya (wanda ta yi tasiri a kan ayyukan Hamadsha  ) kuma majibincin Meknes . Ana fara raye-raye da kiɗa, kuma wani mawaƙi ya nemi kuɗi daga taron jama'a. Da farko, raye-rayen yawanci ko žasa aikin rukuni ne, amma bayan ɗan lokaci, mutane sun rabu. A lokacin raye-rayen, ma'abota hannu na iya bugun ƙirjinsu ko kuma su sare kawunansu da wukake. Masu taimako suna hana mutane yin nisa sosai, kuma bayan sun gama, ana iya tambayar wanda aka mallaka ya yi baraka (albarka). 

Bukukuwan da suke farawa da yamma kuma suna tafiya har zuwa safiya ana iya kiransu da lila (dare). Waɗannan suna farawa da ƙofar titi (wanda ake kira 'āda ko dakhla ). Mawakan sun fara dumama gangunansu a kan wuta, suna buga su yayin da suke cikin jerin gwano zuwa gida ko zawiya ana gudanar da bikin, da shigarsu, sai aka daina kunna waƙar mallaka, hadra . Mawakan sun ɗauki wurin zama a cikin siffar U, kuma suna yin waƙoƙin al'ada (hizb) na kusan mintuna 20. Bayan wannan akwai al-ūnasa al-kabīra, at-tsiliyya, da al-ūnāsa al-ṣaghīra . Unasa karatun waka ne, tare da kabira da ganguna, saghīra kuwa ana tafawa. Tsiliya saitin gajerun wakoki ne. Hadira mai tsanani ta biyo baya tana gayyato Aisha, sannan aka fara bangaren karshe na bikin, saf al-gimbri . Mallaka yana farawa a hadra, kuma yana ci gaba a cikin gimbri (mai suna don kayan aiki na tsakiya).

Gnawa kuma suna farawa da dakhla ko ' ada, kuma suna yin su ko dai da yamma ('ashiya) ko kuma dare (lila) . Suna yin bukukuwa don farantawa ruhun da yake da wani, wanda suke da dangantaka da shi, da kuma inda ake yin hadaya. Suna amfani da turare da tufafi na al'ada. Witulski, Christopher J. "Crossing Paths: Musical and Ritual Interactivity between The Ḥamadsha and Gnawa in Sidi Ali, Morocco". Yale Journal of Music and Religion.

Baraka, a cikin mahallin Sufaye, wani nau'in ni'imar Ubangiji ne ko ikon mu'ujiza, da waliyai ke amfani da su wajen yin mu'ujizai, da kuma yadda "Allah ya kai duniya". Mutum yana da baraka haka nan mutum yana da karfi ko hankali, wasu kuma sun fi wasu - da waliyyai suna da yawa. Ba koyaushe yana da kyau ba.  Baraka a cikin Hamadsha ta fito ne daga waliyyai da ake girmama ta. 

Kaburburan waliyyai a Maroko zuriyarsu ne ke kula da su, inda ake kiran mai kula da firamare muqaddim, wanda baƙi ke ba da gudummawar kuɗi.  Mukaddim kuma yana cikin ayyukan ibadar da Hamadsha ke yi. 

 Kiɗa 
Kayayyakin da Hamadsha ke buga sun haɗa da manyan ganguna sych kamar guwāl, da ƙanana irin su t'arījat, ghīta (na'urar redi mai kama da oboe), da gimbri (kayan zare). Witulski, Christopher J. "Crossing Paths: Musical and Ritual Interactivity between The Ḥamadsha and Gnawa in Sidi Ali, Morocco". Yale Journal of Music and Religion. Wasu daga cikin wakokin da Hamadsha da Gnawa ke amfani da su ma ana amfani da su wajen ibadar zar a Masar. 

 Magana 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba