Cin hanci da rashawa a Burkina Faso

Cin hanci da rashawa a Burkina Faso matsala ce da ta mamaye dukkan bangarorin al'umma. Cin hanci da rashawa a Burkina Faso ya fi yawa kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan tashin hankali na jama'a na 2014 wanda ya hambarar da Blaise Compaoré, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar na tsawon shekaru 27.

 Kyautar cin hanci da rashawa 
Burkina Faso ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960 daga Faransa lokacin da Firayim Minista na lokacin kuma kyaftin din sojoji Thomas Sankara ya shirya nasarar juyin mulkin soja. A matsayinsa na shugaban sabuwar gwamnatin Kwaminisanci, ya karfafa ikonsa tare da wani shiri na ci gaba mai ban sha'awa wanda ya mayar da hankali kan sake fasalin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma kasa da hakar albarkatun kasa. Maganar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta Sankara, wanda sabon sunan kasar ya nuna - Burkina Faso, ma'ana "ƙasar maza marasa cin hanci" - ya ba da goyon bayan akida ga waɗannan shirye-shiryen.

A shekara ta 1987, duk da haka, an kashe Sankara kuma Blaise Compaoré ya maye gurbinsa. Wanda ya gaje shi ya gabatar da wani shiri wanda ya jaddada dimokuradiyya na Burkina Faso, kafa tsarin jam'iyyun da yawa, da kuma tsarin rarraba. A karkashinsa, Burkina Faso ta sauka a cikin abin da aka bayyana a matsayin hanyar da aka saba da ita na cin hanci da rashawa na ƙasar "FrancAfrican", kwace albarkatun ma'adanai, kisan siyasa, da nepotism. Don ci gaba da mulkinsa, Compaoré ya kirkiro cibiyoyin sadarwa na abokin ciniki da tallafawa tare da matsanancin murkushewar adawar siyasa. Shekaru da yawa, cin hanci da rashawa ya ci gaba a kasar kuma ya shafi manyan rassan gwamnati kamar su shari'a, lafiyar jama'a, da ilimi. Wannan kuma ya haifar da al'adun rashin hukunci don kokarin magance matsalar ya kasance mai ƙalubale.

 Matsayi na kasa da kasa 
A cikin Ƙididdigar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Gaskiya ta Duniya ta 2024, Burkina Faso ta zira kwallaye 41 a kan sikelin daga 0 ("mai cin hanci da rashi sosai") zuwa 100 ("mai tsabta sosai"). Lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar ci, Burkina Faso ta kasance ta 82 a cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Index, inda ake ganin ƙasar da ta kasance ta farko tana da bangaren jama'a mafi gaskiya. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar yanki, matsakaicin ƙididdiga tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka na kudu da Sahara  ya kasance 33. Mafi kyawun sakamako a yankin Sahara na Afirka ya kasance 72 kuma mafi munin sakamako ya kasance 8. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar duniya, mafi kyawun ƙuri'a shine 90 (ranked 1), matsakaicin ƙuri'u shine 43, kuma mafi munin ƙuri'un shine 8 (ranked 180). 

 Shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa 
Misali mafi shahara na cin hanci da rashawa a Burkina Faso ya haɗa da Blaise Compaoré, wanda ya mallaki ƙasarsa kusan kusan shekaru talatin. Tsarin mulkinsa, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1987, ya lalace ta hanyar cin zarafin iko da cin hanci da rashawa, musamman cin hanci na rashawa da rashin amfani da kudaden jama'a. Lokacin da ya hau mulki bayan kisan gillar wanda ya riga shi, Thomas Sankara, Compaoré ya karfafa ikon da yake da shi a kan shugabancin ta hanyar karfafa iko, murkushe 'yan adawa, da kuma sarrafa tsarin zabe.

Yayin da shekaru suka wuce, al'adar rashin hukunci ta fito kuma Compaoré, gami da ƙungiyarsa ta ciki, sun shiga ayyukan haramtacciyar don wadatar da kansu. Da yake ya damu da gurfanar da shi kuma an ɗaure shi, ya nemi ya guje su ta hanyar kasancewa a cikin iko ta hanyar murkushewa da cin zarafin 'yan adawa na siyasa da kuma amfani da hanyoyin siyasa marasa kyau. An kashe daruruwan mutane ba tare da hukunta su ba a lokacin mulkin Compaoré. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun abin da ya faru shi ne kisan ɗan jarida, Norbert Zongo . Yana binciken kisan direban ɗan'uwan shugaban, François Compaoré. Mutuwar Zongo, wanda gwamnati ta yi iƙirarin haɗari ne, ya haifar da zanga-zangar da zarge-zargen rufewa.

A lokacin da aka kori Compaoré a lokacin tashin hankali na 2014, ya riga ya tara kimanin dala miliyan 275. Bayan ya tsere daga kasar, an kama ministocinsa biyu, Jean Bertin Ouedraogo da Jerome Bougouma, kuma an tuhume su da cin hanci da rashawa da kudaden jama'a da wadata ba bisa ka'ida ba. Tsoffin ministocin sun kasance daga cikin jami'an majalisa takwas, waɗanda Majalisar Canjin Kasa ta bincika saboda cin hanci da rashawa.

 Tasirin 
Cin hanci da rashawa yana da tasiri sosai ga Burkina Faso da mutanenta. Rashin amfani da kudaden jama'a ya sa ya zama da wahala ga talakawa su sami damar samun ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Don amfani da karancin albarkatu da ayyuka, mutane suna buƙatar yin cin hanci. Rashin amfani da kudaden jama'a ya kuma hana ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma ya fallasa kasar ga barazanar daban-daban, gami da tsaro na ciki. A shekara ta 2015, wanda ake la'akari da shekara ta canji ga kasar, 'yan ta'adda na Islama sun sami nasarar shiga Burkina Faso kuma gwamnatoci masu zuwa sun kasa magance matsalar. A cikin 2024, kimanin mutane miliyan biyu sun rasa muhallinsu saboda wannan barazanar da kuma tashin hankali da jami'an tsaro na kasar suka ci gaba. Rikicin ya kuma haifar da asarar ikon gwamnati a kan kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasar.

 Bayanan da aka ambata