Kiristanci a Afirka

Kiristanci ya isa Afirka a karni na daya miladiyya; ya zuwa 2024, shi ne addini mafi girma a nahiyar.  Yawancin Kiristocin Afirka sun rinjayi farkon ci gaban Kiristanci kuma sun tsara koyarwarsa, ciki har da Tertullian, Perpetua, Felicity, Clement na Alexandria, Origen na Alexandria, Cyprian, Athanasius da Augustine na Hippo .   A karni na 4, daular Aksumite a Habasha da Eritrea ta zamani sun zama ɗaya daga cikin yankuna na farko a duniya da suka karɓi Kiristanci a matsayin addininsu na hukuma, sai kuma masarautun Nubian na Nobatia, Makuria da Alodia da masarautun Kirista Berber da dama. 

Yakin da Musulunci ya yi a Arewacin Afirka ya haifar da matsin lamba ga Kiristoci su shiga Musulunci saboda haraji na musamman da aka dora wa waɗanda ba Musulmi ba da kuma sauran matsalolin zamantakewar al’umma a ƙarƙashin mulkin Musulmi, duk da cewa an kyale Kiristoci su ci gaba da gudanar da addininsu .  Cocin Orthodox na Gabashin Alexandria da Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (waɗanda suka rabu da juna a lokacin Schism na Chalcedonia ) a Masar da Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo sun tsira daga mamayar musulmi. Musuluntar da yankin da musulmi ke mulka ya ci gaba da tafiya cikin ’yan ƙarnuka masu zuwa, kodayake masana tarihi ba su fahimce shi sosai ba.   Ƙuntatawa kan ginin coci da rusa majami'u a Masar, tare da tsanantawa lokaci-lokaci kamar lokacin mulkin al-Hakim (996-1021), ya sanya ƙarin matsin lamba kan Copts a Masar .    A tsakiyar zamanai, daular Habasha ita ce yanki daya tilo na Afirka da ya rayu a matsayin kasar Kirista bayan fadada addinin Musulunci.  Ikklisiya ta Habasha tana riƙe da nata al'adun addini dabam-dabam da na musamman na Littafi Mai-Tsarki . Saboda haka, al'ummar Ikklisiya ta Habasha ta bambanta a duniya ta yadda ba a yi musu Kiristanci ta hanyar masu mishan na Turai ba, amma suna da 'yanci sosai kuma ita kanta ta yada mishan a cikin sauran Afirka kafin tuntuɓar Kiristocin Turai da nahiyar.

A karshen karni na 15, 'yan kasuwa da masu wa'azi na Portugal sun fara isa yammacin Afirka, da farko a Guinea, Mauritania, Gambiya, Ghana, da Saliyo, sai Najeriya sannan daga bisani a cikin Masarautar Kongo, inda za su sami nasara wajen mayar da fitattun shugabanni na cikin gida zuwa mabiya darikar Katolika . A lokacin da kuma bayan Scramble na Afirka a ƙarshen karni na 19, waɗannan al'ummomin Kirista da sauransu sun fara bunƙasa sama da ƙasa da bakin teku, da kuma a Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka yayin da sababbin ayyukan mishan daga Turai suka fara,  (Masu bishara na Kirista sun shiga cikin tsarin mulkin mallaka a kudancin Afirka).  A cikin karni na 21, sun kasance mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da ke karuwa a nahiyar.

Ya zuwa 2024, an kiyasta 734 Kiristoci miliyan daga dukan ɗarikoki a Afirka,  sama da kusan miliyan 10 a 1900.  A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, Afirka ta tafi daga samun yawancin mabiyan 'yan asali, addinan gargajiya, zuwa kasancewa mafi rinjaye na nahiya na Kirista da Musulmai,  ko da yake akwai mahimmanci kuma mai dorewa syncretism tare da imani da al'adun gargajiya.  Yawancin jama'a sun rungumi addinin Kiristanci a yawancin jihohin Kudancin Afirka, Kudu maso Gabashin Afirka, da Afirka ta Tsakiya da kuma a manyan sassan Kahon Afirka da Afirka ta Yamma, yayin da Kiristocin 'yan Koftik ke da 'yan tsiraru a Masar. A cewar wani bincike na 2018 na Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary, Kiristoci da yawa suna rayuwa a Afirka fiye da kowace nahiya, tare da Latin Amurka na biyu da Turai ta uku .  

 Tarihi 

 Tsoho: Ikilisiyar Farko 
Kiristanci ya fara zuwa Afirka a Masar a shekara ta 50 AD. na farko na fadar Sarkin Iskandariya a cikin shekara ta 43.  Da farko cocin da ke Alexandria galibi yana jin yaren Girka ne . A ƙarshen karni na 2 an fassara nassosi da liturgy zuwa harsuna uku na gida. Kiristanci a Sudan kuma ya bazu a farkon karni na 1, kuma majami'un Nubian, waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarni na shida a cikin masarautun Nobatia, Makuria da Alodia suna da alaƙa da na Masar . Jakobielski, S. Christian Nubia at the Height of its Civilization (Chapter 8). UNESCO. University of California Press. San Francisco, 1992. 

Kiristanci kuma ya girma a arewa maso yammacin Afirka (a yau da ake kira Maghreb ), ya isa yankin da ke kusa da Carthage a ƙarshen karni na 2. Ikklisiyoyi da suna da alaƙa da Cocin Roma kuma sun ba Paparoma Gelasius I, Paparoma Miltiades da Paparoma Victor I, dukansu Kirista Berbers kamar Saint Augustine da mahaifiyarsa Saint Monica .
A farkon karni na 3 coci a Alexandria ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri, tare da sababbin bishopris suffragan guda biyar. A wannan lokacin, an fara kiran Bishop na Alexandria Paparoma, a matsayin babban bishop a Masar. A tsakiyar karni na 3 Ikklisiya a Masar ta sha wahala mai tsanani a cikin zalunci a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Decius . Kiristoci da yawa sun gudu daga garuruwa zuwa cikin hamada. Amma, sa’ad da tsanantawar ta mutu, wasu sun kasance a cikin jeji a matsayin majami’u don yin addu’a. Wannan shi ne farkon zuhudu na Kirista, wanda a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya yadu daga Afirka zuwa wasu sassan Gohar, da Turai ta hanyar Faransa da Ireland .

Farkon ƙarni na 4 a Masar ya fara da sabon tsanantawa a ƙarƙashin Sarkin sarakuna Diocletian . A Masarautar Habasha / Eritrea ta Aksum, Sarki Ezana ya ayyana Kiristanci a matsayin addini na hukuma bayan Frumentius ya musulunta, wanda ya haifar da daukaka addinin Kiristanci a Habasha (daga karshe ya kai ga kafuwar Cocin Orthodox na Habasha ). A farkon karni na biyar, babu wani yanki na Daular Rumawa da ke da bishop da yawa kamar Arewacin Afirka; lokacin da sarkin Vandal ya kira taron majalisar dattawa a Carthage, limaman Katolika 460 ne suka halarta. 

A cikin waɗannan ƙarni na farko, shugabannin Kirista na Afirka irin su Origen, Lactantius, Augustine, Tertullian, Marius Victorinus, Pachomius, Didymus the Blind, Ticonius, Cyprian, Athanasius da Cyril (tare da abokan hamayya Valentinus, Plotinus, Arius da ) Donatus da Kiristanci na duniya a waje da martani ga Donatus da Gwarus da martani ga Afirka. Arianism, Montanism, Marcionism, Pelagianism da Manichaeism, da kuma ra'ayin jami'a (bayan Library of Alexandria ), fahimtar Triniti, Fassarar Vetus Latina, hanyoyin tafsiri da fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki, majalisa na ecumenical, monasticism, Neoplatonism da wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafen Afirka da wallafe-wallafe, dialectic.

 Zamanin Farkon Tsakiyar Zamani: Bayan Mamayar Musulmi a Arewacin Afirka 
250px|thumb|upright|right|alt=Colour photograph|Basilikan Uwargidan Afrika da ke birnin Algiers

Bayan mamayar musulmi, mafi yawan khalifan Musulmi na farko ba su nuna wata babbar sha'awa wajen musuluntar da mutanen yankin ba. Kiristanci ya ci gaba da wanzuwa bayan mamayar musulmi. Da farko, musulmi sun kasance ƙanana masu mulki a cikin yankunan da suka mamaye a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Amma daga ƙarni na 8, yawancin wadanda ba musulmi ba sun zama ƙalilan a yankunan.  Hanyar da kuma saurin da aka musuluntar da yankunan nan abu ne mai sarkakiya.

Daga cikin dokokin da suka kafa, shugabannin musulmi sun tilasta harajin musamman mai suna jizya ga wadanda ba musulmi ba, wanda ya zama kamar matsin tattalin arziki da ke tura mutane zuwa musulunci tare da wasu fa'idodin zamantakewa da ke cikin al'ummar musulmi. Cocin Katolika ya fara raguwa tare da yaren Latin na cikin gida.Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten By Heinz Halm, page 99Ancient African Christianity: An Introduction to a Unique Context and Tradition By David E. Wilhite, page 332-334

Masana tarihi sun gabatar da ra’ayoyi da dama don bayani kan dalilan da suka janyo raunin kiristanci a Arewacin Afirka, ciki har da yawan yaki da rikici na cikin gida da waje a lokacin ƙarni na ƙarshe na da, tsoron tsananta daga sabbin masu mulki, sabani da rashin jagoranci a cikin cocin Kirista, dabara ta siyasa daga mazauna yankin, da kuma kusanci tsakanin akidun musulunci da na Kiristanci da ya iya sa saukin sauyawa. Wasu Kiristoci, musamman masu hali, sun ƙaura zuwa Turai.

A ƙasashen yamma da Misira, cocin na lokacin ba shi da tushe mai ƙarfi kamar tsarin yin zawarawa (monasticism), har ila yau yana fama da barazana daga ra’ayoyin kuskure irin na Donatists. Wannan na daga cikin abubuwan da ake ganin sun sa kiristanci ya shuɗe a yankin. Ana kwatanta wannan da ƙasar Misira da Siriya inda akwai ƙarfaffan tsarin zawarawa kuma kiristanci ya wanzu. Haka kuma, Romawa da Bayzantiyawa ba su iya haɗa da Berber da ke da asalinsu na yankin ba.

Wasu masana tarihi sun nuna cewa Daular Umayyad ta tsananta wa Kiristocin Berber a ƙarni na 7 da 8, har suka musulunta a hankali.The Disappearance of Christianity from North Africa in the Wake of the Rise of Islam C. J. Speel, II Church History, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Dec. 1960), pp. 379–397 Wasu kuma sun bayyana irin tsananin da Kiristoci suka fuskanta a lokacin mamayar musulmi daga ƙarni na 7 zuwa na 10, ciki har da tsananta wa addininsu, tashin hankali, da kuma kisa saboda imaninsu.

Da dama daga cikinsu an kashe su saboda kin musulunta, ficewa daga musulunci zuwa kiristanci, da zagin akidar musulmi, wanda ke ɗauke da hukuncin kisa a musulunci.

Tun daga mamayar musulmi zuwa Misira, Kiristocin Coptic sun sha wahala daga gwamnoni daban-daban na musulmi. Musuluntar da Misira ta yi ta kasance a hankali fiye da sauran yankunan da musulmi suka mamaye. Har zuwa zamanin daular Fatimid (ƙarni na 10 zuwa 12), ana tsammanin Kiristoci sun ci gaba da zama mafi rinjaye, duk da cewa masu bincike suna da sabanin ra'ayi akan hakan. A lokacin mulkin khalifa al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, an gudanar da tsananin tsananta wa Kiristoci, ciki har da rushe coci da tilasta musu musulunta.ha-Mizraḥit ha-Yiśreʼelit, Ḥevrah (1988)...


Rahotanni sun nuna cewa addinin Katolika ya ci gaba da wanzuwa daga yankin Tripolitania (yanzu yammacin Libya) zuwa Maroko har bayan ƙarewar mamayar Larabawa a shekara ta 700. A shekara ta 1114 an samu rikodin cewa akwai Kiristoci a Qal’a da ke tsakiyar Algeria. Hakanan, akwai shaidar cewa ana ci gaba da yin ziyara zuwa kaburburan tsarkaka bayan 850 a wajen garin Carthage, da kuma hulɗa da Kiristocin Andalus. Sauran sabbin kalanda daga Turai sun wanzu a tsakanin Kiristocin Tunis, wanda hakan ke nuna akwai mu’amala da Roma.

 Tsakiyar Zamanin Tsakiya: Raguwa da farkon wa'azin Kiristanci 
Kiristocin yankin sun fuskanci matsin lamba lokacin da daular Almohads da Almoravids suka hau mulki, inda aka samu rahotanni cewa an tilasta wa Kiristocin Tunis su musulunta. Akwai bayanai na Kiristoci da kuma wani limamin coci da suka zauna a garin Kairouan a kusan shekara ta 1150 miladiyya – lamarin da ke da muhimmanci, tunda wannan gari an kafa shi ne da kimanin shekara ta 680 miladiyya daga Larabawa a matsayin cibiyar mulkinsu bayan mamayar yankin. Wata wasika da ke cikin kundin tarihin cocin Katolika daga ƙarni na 14 ta nuna cewa har yanzu akwai coci hudu na bishop a Arewacin Afirka, duk da cewa wannan ya nuna mummunar raguwa daga sama da coci 400 da aka samu kafin mamayar Larabawa.

Almohad Abd al-Mu'min ya tilasta wa Kiristoci da Yahudawan Tunis su musulunta a shekara ta 1159. Ibn Khaldun ya nuna alamun akwai al’ummar Kirista a ƙarni na 14 a ƙauyukan Nefzaoua, kudu maso yammacin Tozeur. Wadanda ke zaune a can suna biyan harajin jizya kuma akwai wasu daga cikinsu da ke da asalin Faransa.

Kiristocin Berber sun ci gaba da zama a Tunis da Nefzaoua har zuwa farkon ƙarni na 15. A rubuce-rubucen farkon ƙarni na 15, an ce Kiristocin Tunis, ko da yake sun yi kamance da al'ummar yankin, sun faɗaɗa cocinsu, wataƙila saboda sauran Kiristoci daga duk faɗin yankin Maghreb sun taru a can. Amma, ba su kasance cikin haɗin guiwa da cocin Katolika ba. Al’ummar Kiristoci a Tunis sun ci gaba da wanzuwa a garin Tozeur har zuwa ƙarni na 18.

Wani rukuni na Kiristoci da aka kore su daga Andalus (Spain) kuma suka isa Arewacin Afirka ana kiransu da Mozarabs. Paparoma Innocent IV ya amince da su a matsayin cocin Maroko.


 Farkon wa'azin Kiristanci zuwa Arewacin Afirka 
A watan Yuni na shekara ta 1225, Paparoma Honorius III ya fitar da wasiƙar Vineae Domini custodes wadda ta ba wa firistoci biyu na Dominican Order – Dominic da Martin – izini su kafa wa’azi a Maroko da kula da harkokin Kiristoci a can.

Bishop na Maroko, Lope Fernandez de Ain, ya zama shugaban "Cocin Afirka" – matsayi da tsohon Bishop na Carthage ke rike da shi – a ranar 19 ga Disamba 1246, a ƙarƙashin Paparoma Innocent IV., page 103-104 Coci na bishop a Marrakesh ya ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 16.

Masanin tarihin Maroko na zamanin da, Ibn Abi Zar, ya bayyana cewa khalifan Almohad Abu al-Ala Idris al-Ma'mun ya gina coci a Marrakech domin Kiristoci su iya gudanar da addininsu cikin 'yanci, saboda roƙon Sarki Fernando III. Paparoma Innocent IV ya roƙi sarakunan Tunis, Ceuta, da Bugia su ba da izini ga Lope da firistocin Franciscan su kula da Kiristoci a waɗannan yankuna. Ya gode wa khalifa al-Sa'id saboda ya ba da kariya ga Kiristoci, kuma ya roƙi a ba su damar gina sansanonin kariya a bakin gabar teku, amma khalifan ya ƙi amincewa da wannan buƙata., page 117-20
 Farkon Zamanin Zamani: Wa'azin Jesuits a Afirka 
Wani sabon mataki na Kiristanci a Afirka ya fara ne da zuwan Fotugisawa a ƙarni na 15. Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin Reconquista, Kiristocin Fotugal da Sifaniya sun kama tashoshin jiragen ruwa da dama a Arewacin Afirka.

Wa'azin mishan na kungiyar Society of Jesus (Jesuits) ya fara a farkon shekarar 1548 a sassa daban-daban na Afirka. A shekara ta 1561, Gonçalo da Silveira, wani mishanan Fotugis, ya yi nasarar yi wa Monomotapa, sarkin mutanen Shona a ƙasar da yanzu ake kira Zimbabwe, baftisma.Mkenda, Festo. "Jesuits, Protestants, and Africa before the Twentieth Century." Encounters between Jesuits and Protestants in Africa, edited by Festo Mkenda and Robert Aleksander Maryks, vol. 13, Brill, LEIDEN; BOSTON, 2018, pp. 11–30. . Wasu 'yan Jesuits kaɗan suka kafa sansani a yankin Abyssinia, ko Habasha Babba, a lokaci guda da zaman Silveira a Kudancin Afirka.

Ko da yake Jesuits sun fuskanci tsangwama da gallazawa a kai a kai, mishan dinsu ya tsira har tsawon kusan ƙarni guda. Duk da wannan kalubale, sun samu nasara wajen kafa koyarwar Katolika a yankin da kafin zuwansu ana da tsauraran ƙa’idojin addini. A ƙarni na 16, Jesuits sun kai wa'azinsu zuwa tsohuwar Daular Kongo, inda suka ci gaba da mishan Katolika da aka riga aka kafa, har aka gina cocin gargajiya a wajen. Haka ma mishan na Jesuits ya gudana a Mozambique da Angola, sai dai a 1759 gwamnatin Fotugal ta dakatar da kungiyar Society of Jesus.

Ba a sami babbar ƙalubale daga wasu kungiyoyin mishan na addinai daban ba a Afirka. Ko da yake akwai wasu ƙungiyoyin addini da suka yi ƙoƙarin wa’azin bishara a yankunan da Fotugal ke mulki, tasirinsu bai kai na Jesuits ba. Haskakuwar Jesuits ta fara ne tun lokacin padroado a ƙarni na 15, kafin wasu ƙasashen Turai su fara aikinsu, wanda hakan ya sa Fotugal ta fara rasa matsayinta a matsayin gwarzon mai kula da mishan a Afirka. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 18, matsayinsu ya fara raguwa yayin da Fotugal ta fara rasa iko a Afirka. An kore Jesuits daga Mozambique da Angola, wanda hakan ya rage tasirin mishan Katolika a yankunan nan matuƙa.


Bishopric na Marrakesh ya ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 16, a ƙarƙashin ikon suffragans na Seville. Juan de Prado wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin dawo da mishan din an kashe shi a 1631. Wani gidan Franciscan da aka gina a 1637 an rushe shi a 1659 bayan rushewar daular Saadi. Wata ƙaramar coci da gidan Franciscan a unguwar mellah na birnin ta ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa ƙarni na 18.
 Karni na 20 
 Yankin Afirka ta Horne 
Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo ya rabu zuwa Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo na Habasha da Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo na Eritrea a shekarar 1993. Cocin P'ent'ay su ne sakamakon juyin juya halin Kiristanci na Protestant a cikin addinin Kiristanci na Habasha.http://www.africanchristian.org African Christianity

 Yankin Maghreb 

Yaduwar addinin Katolika a yankin bayan mamayar Faransa ya samo asali ne daga masu mulkin mallaka da mazauna Turai, kuma yawancin waɗannan baƙi da zuriyarsu sun bar ƙasashen lokacin da suka samu 'yancin kai. A ƙididdigar ƙarshe da aka gudanar a Aljeriya a ranar 1 ga Yuni 1960, an samu mutane 1,050,000 da ba Musulmi ba (yawancinsu Katolika) a Aljeriya (kimanin kashi 10% na yawan jama'a gaba ɗaya, ciki har da Yahudawa Aljeriya 140,000). A ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa, yawan Katolika a Aljeriya ya kai fiye da miliyan ɗaya. Saboda ƙaurawar 'yan "pieds-noirs" a shekarun 1960, yanzu Kiristoci 'yan asalin Berber ko Larabawa a Arewacin Afirka sun fi yawa a Faransa fiye da cikin Maghreb.

250px|thumb|upright|right|alt=Hoton launi|Cocin Katolika na Rabat

A shekarar 2009, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kiyasta akwai Katolika 45,000 da kuma tsakanin 50,000 zuwa 100,000 na Protestanci a Aljeriya. Mafi yawan sauya addini zuwa Kiristanci sun fi yawa a Kabylie, musamman a cikin wilaya ta Tizi Ouzou.* Sadek Lekdja, Christianity in Kabylie, Radio France Internationale, 7 mai 2001  A wannan yankin, an kiyasta adadin Kiristoci yana tsakanin kashi 1% zuwa 5%. Binciken 2015 ya nuna cewa Musulmai 380,000 ne suka sauya zuwa Kiristanci a Aljeriya.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai a 1956, Morocco na da yawan Turawa fiye da rabin miliyan, yawancinsu Kiristoci.De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994) Migration and development co-operation.. Council of Europe. p. 25. . Yawan Katolika a Morocco ƙarƙashin Faransa ya kai 360,000, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 4.1% na yawan jama'a. A shekarar 1950, Katolika a Morocco ƙarƙashin kariyar Spain da kuma Tangier sun kai kashi 14.5% na yawan jama'a, inda Spain ke da Katolika 113,000. Yawancin su asalin Spain ne, sai kuma waɗanda suka fito daga Portugal, Faransa da Italiya. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kiyasta yawan Kiristocin Morocco fiye da 40,000. Pew-Templeton ta kiyasta Kiristocin Morocco suna da adadin 20,000.Pew-Templeton – Global Religious Futures http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/morocco#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2013  Mafi yawan Kiristoci suna cikin biranen Casablanca, Tangier da Rabat.International Religious Freedom Report 2008, U.S Department of State Mafi yawansu baƙi ne, duk da haka rahotanni suna nuna cewa akwai yawan 'yan asalin Morocco (45,000) da ke sauya zuwa Kiristanci, musamman a yankunan karkara. Da yawa daga cikin masu sauya addini suna samun baftisma a asirce cikin coci-cocin Morocco. Tun daga shekarar 1960, ana samun ƙaruwa na Musulmai 'yan Morocco da ke sauya zuwa Kiristanci.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai a 1956, Tunisia tana da Turawa 255,000, yawancinsu Kiristoci. Al’ummar Kirista a Tunisia, wacce ta ƙunshi mazauna ƙasar, Tunisians masu asalin Italiya da Faransa, da kuma wasu da suka fito daga Berber da Larabawa, tana da yawan mutane 50,000 kuma suna yaduwa a faɗin ƙasar. Ofishin Demokradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya bayyana cewa akwai dubban Tunisians da suka sauya zuwa Kiristanci.International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Tunisia. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (November 17, 2010). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Wasu masana da rahotannin kafafen watsa labarai sun nuna cewa ana samun ƙaruwa na sauya addini zuwa Kiristanci daga cikin Berber.

Afrikanizawan Kiristanci


A cewar Thomas C. Oden, "Kiristoci na arewacin Afirka—na asalin Coptic, Berber, Habasha, Larabawa, da Moor—ana darajarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin al'adu da dama na Kiristancin Afirka." 

A sassa daban-daban na nahiyar, Afirkawa sun fara neman bangarori na Kiristanci da suka fi kama da dabi'un addininsu da na yau da kullum. Haka ne aka samu canje-canje a cikin addinin Protestant, kamar cocin Kimbanguist. A cikin cocin Kimbanguist, Simon Kimbangu ya tambayi tsarin isar da sakon addini—shin Allah zai aika farar fata ne don ya wa’azi? Cocin Kimbanguist ta yi imani cewa Yesu baƙar fata ne, kuma sun yi kallon alamomi daban-daban da na Katolika da na Protestant na Turai. Daukar giciye a cikin coci ya zama tamkar gumaka ko bautar hotuna a ganinsu.

Haka kuma, a cewar Mazrui, Kimbanguists sun girmama rawar da mata ke takawa a coci fiye da cocin orthodox; sun ba mata damar zama firistoci da masu wa’azi. <ref>Mkenda, Festo...<ref>Mazrui, Ali A...

Mambobin irin waɗannan coci sun duba ayyukan da ke cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki waɗanda ba a haramta su fili ba, kamar auratayya da mata da dama. Sun kuma haɗa dabi’u irin na rawa, kiɗa da faɗi da dariya a ibada.

Lokacin da Afirkawa suka iya karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki da yaren su, suka sami damar fassara sa bisa fahimtarsu. Auratayya da mata da dama ta zama batun muhawara—da yawa daga cikinsu sun fassara cewa ana yinta ne a cikin Tsohon Alkawari. Amma addinin Turawan Kirista ya haramta hakan.

Dona Beatriz, mace daga Afirka ta Tsakiya, ta shahara da ra'ayoyinta na ce-ce-ku-ce a kan amincewa da auratayya. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa Yesu bai taba haramta shi ba. An ƙone ta da rai saboda hakan. Mishinan Turai sun ga hakan a matsayin barazana ga dabi'un Victorian, duk da cewa suna son a karantar da yaren gida da ƙara yawan masu karatu. Sun fi ganin ra’ayoyin Afirka da suka sabawa nasu a matsayin barazana kuma suka ƙi amincewa da shugabanni masu neman tafiya da kansu. Simon Kimbangu ya zama shahidi, an sa shi a cikin keji saboda damuwar mishinan Turai, ya rasu a can.

A cikin al'ummomin Afirka, an samu sabani sakamakon shigowar Kiristanci. Kamar yadda wani masanin ya ce, addinin na "mamaye lamiri da tunanin wadanda aka mulka." <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Masondo...

Kiristanci ya janyo sabani har a tsakanin shuwagabannin gargajiya, kamar rikici tsakanin Khama III da mahaifinsa Sekgoma a ƙarni na goma sha tara a Botswana. Matasa sun ƙirƙiro sabbin tunani bisa Kiristanci suka kalubalanci tsofaffin ra’ayoyi. Dona Beatriz, annabiya daga Afirka, ta mayar da Kiristanci addinin siyasa kuma daga baya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin masu fafutukar 'yancin kai, tana shirin kifar da gwamnati tare da taimakon sauran annabawa.

A cewar Paul Kollman, koyarwar mishinan ya kasance bisa fassarar kowanne mutum, kuma kowane ya dauki abin daban-daban lokacin da ya aiwatar da shi. <ref>Kollman, Paul...



David Adamo, wani Bahaushe daga cocin Aladura, ya zaɓi sassa na Littafi Mai Tsarki da ke da alaka da ra’ayoyin cocinsu. Sun fi karanta Zabura saboda sun yi imanin mishinan ba su raba ainihin ƙarfin addininsu ba. Sun sami ƙarfi wajen karanta waɗannan ayoyin, suka haɗa su da yadda rayuwarsu take.

Bayan hakan, an kuma samu yunƙurin "Afrikanizawa" na addinin Islama. A Najeriya, an ƙirƙiri wasu gungun Musulmi da suka nemi a cire al'adun Larabawa daga Islama. Wannan ya haifar da sabani tsakanin masu goyon bayan hakan da masu adawa. Wannan ya faru a kusa da shekarar 1980 kuma ya haifar da tashin hankali da rikici da 'yan sanda.

Mirza Ghulam Ahmed, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Muhammadu shi ne mafi muhimmanci cikin annabawa, amma ba shi ne na ƙarshe ba—ra'ayi da ya sabawa yawancin Musulmai. Mafi yawancin Musulman Sunni a Afirka sun ki yarda da Ahmadiyya; duk da cewa su ne na farko da suka fassara Alƙur’ani zuwa yaren Swahili. Har ila yau, ƙungiyoyin Ahmadiyya da Mahdist daga Sudan sun ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyin soja tare da sabani da rikice-rikice tsakanin su da wasu gungun da ke da ra’ayoyi mabambanta.

Annobar mura ta 1918 ta ƙara ƙarfafa yaduwar Kiristanci a Afirka a ƙarni na 20. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jenkins...

Ana ƙiyasta cewa har mutane miliyan biyar ne suka mutu. Gwamnatocin Turai, coci-coci da magunguna ba su iya yin komai ba game da annobar, hakan ya sa mutane suka ƙara ƙiyayya da Turawan mallaka. Wannan ya haifar da yawaitar ƙungiyoyin masu zaman kansu na addinin Kirista da ke amfani da annabci, warkarwa da gyaran tsarin coci. Misali, kafa ƙungiyar Aladura a Najeriya ta zo daidai da wannan lokaci. Cocin ya zama Christ Apostolic Church daga bisani, ya samu yawan reshe daban-daban da suka fito daga cikinsa har zuwa shekarun 1950.

Misali, Redeemed Christian Church of God da aka kafa a 1952, tana da majami'u a jihohi masu yawa na Afirka, da kuma kasashe a Turai da Arewacin Amurka.
 Ilimin Kiristanci a Afirka 
Mishanan Kirista sun ji tilas su yada fahimtar bisharar su cikin yaren mutanen ƙasar da suke son su juyo zuwa Kiristanci. An fassara Littafi Mai Tsarki zuwa waɗannan yarukan kuma ana yada shi ta cikin su. Makarantun Kirista sun koyar da Turanci, tare da lissafi, falsafa, da ƙimomin da ke da alaƙa da al'adun Yammacin Duniya da ci gaba. Rarrabuwar ra'ayi tsakanin ra'ayin duniya da na addini a cikin makarantun Kirista yana nuna sabani tsakanin manufofin cibiyoyin ilimi a Afirka.Mazrui, Ali A. "Religion and Political Culture in Africa." Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 53, no. 4, 1985, shf. 817–839. .

 Matsayi na yanzu 

An samu gagarumar ƙaruwa a yawan Kiristoci a Afirka - tare da raguwa a bin addinan gargajiya na Afirka. A shekarar 1900, Kiristoci a Afirka sun kai miliyan tara kacal, amma zuwa shekara ta 2000, sun kai kimanin miliyan 380. A 2020, an kiyasta Kiristoci su kai kusan miliyan 658 a Afirka, tare da tsammanin su kai miliyan 760 a 2025,Matsayin Kiristanci a Duniya Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary, wuce hasashen da aka yi a baya na miliyan 630 zuwa 700 a 2025. A 2020, Kiristoci sun kasance 49% na yawan mutanen nahiyar, yayin da Musulmi suka kai 42%. Daga 2023, an kiyasta akwai Kiristoci miliyan 718 daga dukkan mazabun Kirista a Afirka, kuma mafi yawansu 'yan Afirka Kiristoci ne.

Bisa binciken Pew Forum a 2006 akan Addini da Rayuwar Jama'a, Kiristoci miliyan 147 na Afirka suna daga cikin "masu sabuntawa" (Pentecostal da Charismatics)."Gospel Riches, Gaggawar rungumar Pentecostalism na arziki a Afirka yana haifar da damuwa da fata", Christianity Today, July 2007 Bisa ga David Barrett, mafi yawan ƙungiyoyin coci 552,000 a cikin mazabu 11,500 a faɗin Afirka a 1995 ba a san su ba a Yamma.Duba "Taswirar Coci da Nahiyar da ba a gani: Dictionary of African Christian Biography" a http://www.dacb.org/xnmaps.html . Yawan karɓar Kiristanci a Afirka a wannan lokaci ya fi rinjaye daga ƙoƙarin mishanan 'yan Afirka da haihuwar yara da yawa, fiye da tasirin mishanan Turawa. Kiristanci a Afirka yana da matuƙar bambanci — daga tsoffin nau'ikan Kiristancin Orthodox na Gabas a Masar, Habasha da Eritrea, zuwa sabbin mazabun Kiristocin Afirka a Najeriya, ƙasa da ta shaida manyan sauye-sauyen shigowa Kiristanci. Wasu mazabun sun haɗa addinin gargajiya da Kiristanci da kuma mazabun da suka gina annabi, kamar Coci Nazaret a Afirka ta Kudu da cocin Aladura a Najeriya. Wasu ƙungiyoyin Mishanan Kirista da aka kafa a Afirka irin su UD-OLGC da Evangelist Dag Heward-Mills ya kafa, suna da saurin faɗuwa da tasiri a duniya. Akwai kuma yawan mabiya na Seventh-day Adventists da Shaidun Jehobah. Bincike a 2015 ya kiyasta Kiristoci miliyan 2.1 a Afirka sun fito ne daga asalin Musulmi, yawancin su sun shiga wasu nau’ukan addinin Protestant.

Wasu masana na ganin cewa cibiyar Kiristanci za ta koma daga kasashen masana'antar Turai zuwa Afirka da Asiya a zamanin yau. Tarihin da ke Jami’ar Yale Lamin Sanneh ya ce "Kiristancin Afirka ba wai wani abin mamaki ba ne da ke wani lungu na duniya, amma Kiristancin Afirka yana iya zama irin abin da ke tafe nan gaba.""Tarihi da ya sha gabas da lokacinsa", Christianity Today, February 2007 Kididdigar daga World Christian Encyclopedia (David Barrett) na nuna irin girman da Kiristanci ke samu a nahiyar kuma sun ce nan da 2025, za a samu Kiristoci miliyan 633 a Afirka.Rahoton Majalisar Cocin Duniya, Agusta 2004 A 2020, Cibiyar Bayanan Addini ta Duniya ta gano cewa mafi yawan yankin Gabashin Afirka Kiristoci ne kuma mafi yawanci Protestants ne.
Tashin cocin megachurch

Cocin megachurch (wanda ake fassara da cewa coci ne da ke da halartar mutane akalla 2,000 a karshen mako) suna samuwa a ƙasashe da dama na Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, ciki har da Tanzaniya, Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Ghana, Kenya, da Uganda. Yawancin su na cikin darikar Pentecostal ne. Babban dakin taro na coci mafi girma, Glory Dome, an bude shi a shekarar 2018 da kujeru 100,000, a birnin Abuja, Najeriya.Taylor Berglund, World's Largest Church Auditorium Dedicated in Nigeria, charismanews.com, December 7, 2018

 Ƙididdiga ta ƙasa 

+ Kiristanci ta ƙasa Ƙasa Kiristoci % Kiristoci % Katolika % Sauran  (cikakken bayani) 380,000 2% 1% 1%  (cikakken bayani) 17,094,000 75%Viegas, Fátima (2008) Panorama das Religiões em Angola Independente (1975–2008), Ministério da Cultura/Instituto Nacional para os Assuntos Religiosos, Luanda 50% 25%  (cikakken bayani) 3,943,000 42.8% 27% 15%  (cikakken bayani) 1,416,000 71.6% 5% 66%  (cikakken bayani) 3,746,000 22.0% 18% 4%  (cikakken bayani) 7,662,000 75.0% 60% 15%  (cikakken bayani) 13,390,000 65.0% 38.4% 26.3%  (cikakken bayani) 487,000 89.1% 78.7% 10.4%  (cikakken bayani) 2,302,000 80% 29% 51%  (cikakken bayani) 4,150,000 35.0% 20% 15%  (cikakken bayani) 15,000 2.1%    (cikakken bayani) 3,409,000 90.7% 50% 40%  (cikakken bayani) 63,150,000 92% 50% 42%  (cikakken bayani) 53,000 6.0% 1% 5%  (cikakken bayani)10,000,000  10%     (cikakken bayani) 683,000 88.7% 80.7% 8.0%  (cikakken bayani) 2,871,000 63% 4% 54%  (cikakken bayani) 52,580,000 64% 0.7% 63.4%  (cikakken bayani) 1,081,000 88.0% 41.9% 46.1%  (cikakken bayani) 79,000 4.2%   (cikakken bayani) 19,300,000 71.2% 13.1% 58.1%  (cikakken bayani) 1,032,000 8.9% 5% 5%  (cikakken bayani) 165,000 10.0% 10.0%   (cikakken bayani) 7,075,000 32.8% 28.9% 3.9%  (cikakken bayani) 34,774,000 85.1% 23.4% 61.7%  (cikakken bayani) 1,876,000 90.0% 45% 45%  (cikakken bayani) 1,391,000 85.5%  85.5%  (cikakken bayani) 170,000 2.7% 0.5% 1.5%  (cikakken bayani) 8,260,000 41.0%    (cikakken bayani) 12,538,000 79.9%    (cikakken bayani) 348,000 2.4%    (cikakken bayani) 10,000 0.14%    (cikakken bayani) 418,000 32.2%    (cikakken bayani) 336,000 1%    (cikakken bayani) 13,121,000 56.1% 28.4% 27.7%  (cikakken bayani) 1,991,000 90.0% 13.7% 76.3%  (cikakken bayani) 85,000 0.5%  5%  (cikakken bayani) 74,400,000–107,000,000 40%–58% 10–14.5% 30–43.5%  (cikakken bayani) 9,619,000 93.6% 56.9% 26%  (cikakken bayani) 570,000 4.2%    (cikakken bayani) 80,000 94.7% 82% 15.2%  (cikakken bayani) 619,000–1,294,000 10%–20.9%    (cikakken bayani) 1,000 0.01% 0.0002% 0.01%  (cikakken bayani) 43,090,000 79.8%StatsSA National Census results 2012 http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/SAStatistics/SAStatistics2012.pdf 5% 75%  (cikakken bayani) 6,010,000 60.5% 30% 30%  (cikakken bayani) 525,000 1.5%    (cikakken bayani) 31,342,000 61.4%    (cikakken bayani) 1,966,000 29.0%    (cikakken bayani) 30,000     (cikakken bayani) 29,943,000 88.6% 41.9% 46.7%  (cikakken bayani) 200 0.04% 0.04%   (cikakken bayani) 12,939,000 95.5%Zambia - 2010 Census of Population and Housing  20.2% 72.3%  (cikakken bayani) 12,500,000 87.0%Religious composition by country , Pew Research, Washington DC (2012) 17% 63% Afrika 526,016,926 62.7% 21.0%The Global Catholic Population, Pew Research CenterReligion & Public Life 41.7%

 Denominations 

Pew ya yi hasashen cewa kashi 53% na al'ummar Afirka za su kasance Kiristoci a shekarar 2020. Kiyasin Kiristoci a nahiyar ya kai miliyan takwas.

 Katolika 

Roman Katolika

Mambobin Cocin Katolika sun karu daga miliyan 2 a 1900 zuwa miliyan 140 a 2000.The Catholic Explosion Archived 2011-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, Zenit News Agency, 11 Nuwamba 2011 A 2005, Cocin Katolika a Afirka, gami da Cocin Katolika na Gabas, yana da mabiya kusan miliyan 135 daga cikin miliyan 809 na mutanen Afirka. A 2009, lokacin da Paparoma Benedict XVI ya ziyarci Afirka, an kiyasta cewa yana da miliyan 158.Rachel Donadio, "On Africa Trip, Pope Will Find Place Where Church Is Surging Amid Travail," New York Times, 16 Maris 2009. Yawancin mambobi na Cocin Latin ne, amma akwai kuma miliyoyin mambobin Cocin Katolika na Gabas.

Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy

 Cocin Orthodox na Habasha (Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church) – miliyan 37
 Cocin Orthodox na Coptic (Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria) – miliyan 10
 Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea (Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church) – miliyan 2

Eastern Orthodoxy

 Cocin Orthodox na Girka a Alexandria (Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria) – 500,000

Protestantism
A cikin 2010, Pew ya kiyasta cewa akwai kusan miliyan 300 na Furotesta a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Sauran kiyasin sun kai miliyan 400. Furotesta shine rukuni mafi girma na Kirista a Afirka, tare da 35.9% (fiye da rabi) a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Furotesta sun karu zuwa 35.9% na yawan al'ummar nahiyar. Bincike ya nuna akwai kiyasin miliyan 200 na masu bishara a Afirka. Akwai kiyasin miliyan 60 na Anglican da miliyan 23 na Lutheran a Afirka. Har ila yau, akwai kusan miliyan 29 na Baptist a Afirka. Methodist sun kai miliyan 25 a nahiyar. An kiyasta cewa Presbyterian a Afirka sun fi miliyan ashirin. Kimanin miliyan 12 na Afirka Adventist ne kuma miliyan 19 na coci-cocin haɗin gwiwa.

Anglicanism

Cocin Najeriya – miliyan 20.1
 Cocin Uganda – miliyan 8.1
 Cocin Anglican na Kenya – miliyan 5.0
 Cocin Episcopal na Sudan ta Kudu da Sudan – miliyan 4.5
 Cocin Anglican na Afirka ta Kudu – miliyan 2.3
 Cocin Anglican na Tanzania – miliyan 2.0
 Cocin Anglican na Rwanda – miliyan 1.0
 Cocin Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya – 900,000
 Cocin Anglican na Burundi – 800,000
 Cocin Kristi a Kongo–Anglican Community of Congo – 500,000
 Cocin Lardin Yammacin Afirka – 300,000
 Reformed Evangelical Anglican Church of South Africa – 90,000

Baptists

 Nigerian Baptist Convention – miliyan 5.0
 Baptist Union of Uganda – miliyan 2.5
 Baptist Community of Congo – miliyan 2.1
 Baptist Convention of Tanzania – miliyan 2.0
 Baptist Community of the Congo River – miliyan 1.1
 Baptist Convention of Kenya – 600,000
 Baptist Convention of Malawi – 300,000
 Ghana Baptist Convention – 300,000
 Union of Baptist Churches in Rwanda – 300,000
 Evangelical Baptist Church of the Central African Republic – 200,000

Cocin Apostolic (Irvingism)

 New Apostolic Church – miliyan 16

Lutheranism
Lutheranism a Afirka yana wakiltar mutane miliyan 24.13.

 Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus – miliyan 8.3
 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania – miliyan 6.5
 Malagasy Lutheran Church – miliyan 3.0
 The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria – miliyan 2.2
 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia – 700,000
 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa – 600,000
 Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia – 400,000
 Evangelical Lutheran Church of Cameroon – 300,000
 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe – 300,000

Methodism

Tare da ƙungiyoyi sama da 20 a nahiyar, Majalisar Methodist ta Duniya tana da mambobi miliyan 17.08 a duk faɗin nahiyar.

 Methodist Church Nigeria – miliyan 2
 Methodist Church of Southern Africa – miliyan 1.7
 United Methodist Church of Ivory Coast – miliyan 1.08
 Methodist Church Ghana – 800,000
 Methodist Church in Kenya – 500,000
 The United Methodist Church in Liberia – 350,000
 Free Methodist church in Congo– 110,000

 Masu Bi da Tsarin Kalvin (Reformed - Calvinism) 

 Coci na Presbyterian na Gabashin Afirka – miliyan 4.0
 Coci na Presbyterian na Najeriya – miliyan 3.8
 Coci na Presbyterian na Afirka – miliyan 3.4
 Coci na Kristi a Kongo – Al’ummar Presbyterian na Kongo – miliyan 2.5
 Coci na Presbyterian na Kamaru – miliyan 1.8
 Coci na Tsakiyar Afirka Presbyterian – miliyan 1.3Patrick Johnstone and Jason Mandryk, Operation World: 21st Century Edition (Paternoster, 2001), p. 419 .
 Coci na Presbyterian a Sudan – miliyan 1.0
 Coci na Presbyterian a Kamaru – 700,000
 Coci na Presbyterian Injila, Ghana – 600,000
 Hadadden Coci na Presbyterian a Kudancin Afirka – 500,000
 Coci na Presbyterian a Rwanda – 300,000
 Coci na Yesu Kristi a Madagascar – miliyan 3.5
 Hadadden Coci a Zambiya – miliyan 3.0
 Coci na Injila na Kamaru – miliyan 2.5
 Coci na Dutch Reformed a Kudancin Afirka (NGK) – miliyan 1.1
 Hadadden Coci na Reformed a Kudancin Afirka – 500,000
 Coci na Injila na Lesotho – 300,000
 Coci na Reformed na Najeriya – 300,000
 Coci na Reformed a Zambiya – 300,000
 Coci na Reformed na Injila a Angola – 200,000
 Coci na Kristi a Sudan a tsakanin mutane Tiv – 200,000
 Coci na Injila na Kongo – 200,000
 Coci na Congregational Injila a Angola – 900,000
 Hadadden Coci na Congregational a Kudancin Afirka – 500,000

Pentikos
Yawan Kiristocin Pentikos a Afirka ya kai kusan miliyan 202.29 a shekarar 2015, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 35.32 cikin 100 na yawan Kiristoci a nahiyar. Wani bincike ya kiyasta cewa akwai kusan miliyan 400 na Kiristoci Pentikos da Karismatik a Afirka.
 Cocin Kale Heywet na Habasha – miliyan 9"About us", Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church. Retrieved 9 May 2020
 Cocin Mabiya Cikakken Bishara ta Habasha – miliyan 4.5Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church, Overview of EMWACDO , etfullgospel.org, Ethiopia, retrieved September 17, 2019 
 – miliyan 1
 Kwamitin Janar na Cocin Majami’ar Allah Najeriya – miliyan 3.6
 Cocin Apostolic Faith na Afirka ta Kudu – miliyan 1.2
 Kungiyar Cocin Pentikos na Ruwanda – miliyan 1

Mennoniyawa
 Cocin Meserete Kristos – 470,000Meserete Kristos College Newsletter (December 2014): 3.

Sauran kungiyoyin bishara
 Cocin Bishara ta Yammacin Afirka – miliyan 5

Sauran kungiyoyin Kirista
Akwai kusan Kiristoci miliyan 97 a Afirka da ba sa karkashin wata mazabarsu ta gargajiya. The Association of Religion Data Archives ta kiyasta su har zuwa miliyan 128.

Cocawan da Afirkawa suka kafa
Mutane miliyan 60 ne mambobin cocawan da aka kafa a Afirka.
 Cocin Kirista na Sihiyona – miliyan 15
 Umarnin Tsarkaka na Har Abada na Kerubobi da Sarafaf – miliyan 10
 Cocin Kimbanguist – miliyan 5.5
 Cocin Kirista ta Warkar da Allah (Redeemed Christian Church of God) – miliyan 5
 Cocin Ubangiji (Aladura) – miliyan 3.6
 Majalisar Cocawan da Afirkawa suka kafa – miliyan 3
 Cocin Almasihu Hasken Ruhu Mai Tsarki – miliyan 1.4
 Cocin Ruhun Allah na Afirka – 700,000
 Cocin Afirka na Isra'ila Nineveh – 500,000

Maido da Imani (Restorationism)

 Cocin Yesu Almasihu na Tsarkaka na Kwanan Nan – 600,000

 Manazarta 

Ƙara karatu

 Cinnamon, John M. "Missionary expertise, social science, and the uses of ethnographic knowledge in colonial Gabon." History in Africa 33 (2006): 413-432. online
 Froise, Marjorie. Southern Africa : a factual portrait of the Christian Church in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (1989) online
 Froise, Marjorie. World Christianity : South Central Africa : a factual portrait of the Christian church (1991) online
 Hastings, Adrian. A history of African Christianity, 1950-1975 (Cambridge University Press, 1979).
 Hastings Adrian. Church and mission in modern Africa (1967) online
 Hastings Adrian. The Church in Africa, 1450–1950 (Clarendon, 1995). online

 Lamport, Mark A. ed. Encyclopedia of Christianity in the global south (Rowman & Littlefield, 2018)
 Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The Great Century: North Africa and Asia 1800 A.D. to 1914 A.D. (A History of The Expansion of Christianity, Volume 5) (1943), Comprehensive scholarly coverage. full text online also online review;
   online review
 Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The twentieth century outside Europe : the Americas, the Pacific, Asia, and Africa : the emerging world Christian community (1962) online
 Meyer, Birgit. "Christianity in Africa: From African independent to Pentecostal-charismatic churches." Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (2004): 447-474. online
 Neill, Stephen. A History of Christian Missions (1986), Global coverage over 19 centuries in 624 pages; online book also see. online review
 Ranger, T.O. and John Weller, eds. Themes in the Christian history of Central Africa (1975) online

Tarihi da ma'ajiya
 Bongmba, Elias Kifon. "Writing African Christianity: Perspectives from the History of the Historiography of African Christianity." Religion and Theology 23.3-4 (2016): 275-312. online
 Etherington. Norman. "Recent Trends in the Historiography of Christianity in Southern Africa" in Critical Readings in The History of Christian Mission: volume 3" ed by Martha Frederiks and Dorottya Nagy. (Brill, 2021) pp 39–66. 
 Hastings, Adrian. "African Christian studies, 1967-1999: Reflections of an editor." Journal of religion in Africa 30#1 (2000): 30-44. online
 Maluleke, Tinyiko Sam. "The Quest for Muted Black Voices in History: Some Pertinent Issues in (South) African Mission Historiography" in Critical Readings in The History of Christian Mission: volume 3" ed by Martha Frederiks and Dorottya Nagy. (Brill, 2021) pp 95–115.
 Maxwell, David. "Writing the history of African Christianity: Reflections of an editor." Journal of religion in Africa 36.3-4 (2006): 379-399.
Mahaɗa

 BBC - The Story of Africa and Christianity
 African Christian
 African Christianity Faq
 Modern Evangelical African Theologians: A Primer