Canjin yanayi da 'yan asalin ƙasar

Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri sosai ga 'Yan asalin ƙasar a duniya idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wadannan tasirin suna jin musamman dangane da kiwon lafiya, mahalli, da al'ummomi. Wasu masanan 'yan asalin ƙasar game da canjin yanayi suna jayayya cewa waɗannan tasirin da aka ji ba daidai ba suna da alaƙa da nau'ikan mulkin mallaka masu gudana. 'Yan asalin da aka samo A duk faɗin duniya suna da dabarun da ilimin gargajiya don daidaitawa da canjin yanayi, ta hanyar fahimtar su da adana mahallinsu. Wadannan tsarin ilimi na iya zama masu fa'ida ga al'ummarsu da suka dace da canjin yanayi a matsayin maganganun Ƙaddamar da kai da kuma al'ummomin da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba.

Akwai 'yan asalin sama da miliyan 370  da aka samu a fadin kasashe 90 + .  Kimanin kashi 22% na ƙasar duniya yankuna ne na asali, tare da wannan adadi ya bambanta dan kadan dangane da yadda aka bayyana asalin ƙasar da amfani da ƙasa. 'yan asalin ƙasar suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin manyan masu kula da ilimi a cikin al'ummominsu. Wannan ilimin ya haɗa da abin da ke da alaƙa da kula da tsarin zamantakewar muhalli.

'Yan asalin ƙasar suna da ƙwarewa da yawa tare da tasirin canjin yanayi saboda yankunan da suke zaune a duk faɗin duniya kuma saboda al'adunsu da hanyoyin rayuwa suna da alaƙa da ayyukan ƙasa da alaƙa. Wadannan ayyukan ƙasa na iya zama da amfani yayin ragewa da daidaitawa da canjin yanayi, musamman idan an aiwatar da su a kan sikelin da ya fi girma. 



 Tarihi 

Rahotanni sun nuna cewa miliyoyin mutane a duk faɗin duniya za su sake komawa saboda hauhawar teku, ambaliyar ruwa, fari, da guguwa. Duk da yake waɗannan yanayi za su shafi mutane a duk faɗin duniya, tasirin zai shafi 'Yan asalin ƙasar.

Yawancin manoma na asali suna lura da canje-canje a bayyane a cikin yanayi da yanayi, kodayake galibi ba su saba da manufar ba. 'Yan asalin ƙasar sau da yawa sun dogara da kalandar amfanin gonarsu dangane da hanyar iska, lokutan fure, ƙaurawar tsuntsaye, da sauran abubuwan muhalli masu lura da dubban shekaru. Amma bayan dumamar duniya, manoma da ke dogaro da tsinkayen gargajiya suna jin ba su da kariya a gaban sauye-sauyen yanayi. Bugu da kari, manoma da ke da iyakantaccen damar yin amfani da fasaha da labarai na zamani ba za su iya fuskantar canje-canjen yanayi ba zato ba tsammani kamar bambancin zafin jiki ko hazo na kwatsam ba.

Duk waɗannan yanayi suna sanya 'yan asalin ƙasar ƙarƙashin matsin hankali da na jiki. Game da aikin gona: "ayyukan da al'adun da suka tsayayya da dubban shekaru na wayewa suna tashi da faɗuwa suna zama tsofaffi". Wannan na iya ɗaukar nauyin tunani ga mutanen da ke amfani da alamu masu girma a cikin hanyoyin noma waɗanda galibi suna da alaƙa da al'adun addini da al'adu na gida

Mutanen asalin ƙasar za su sami mummunar tasiri ta hanyar canjin yanayi fiye da mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba saboda dalilai da yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan dalilai sun hada da:

 Al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar suna cikin yankuna mai saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi kamar gandun daji na asali, Arctic, da yankunan bakin teku.
 Yawancin al'adun asali da salon rayuwa suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da muhalli, saboda haka lafiyar muhalli da suke zaune yana da matukar muhimmanci ga lafiyar jiki da ruhaniya. Canjin yanayi wanda ke canza yanayin zai sami babban tasiri ga mutanen da suka dogara da muhalli kai tsaye, a ruhaniya da kuma jiki. 'Yan asalin ƙasar za su sha wahala sosai saboda zurfin alaƙar da suke da ita da ƙasar. 
 Karin mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da zalunci da talauci da sauran batutuwan da mulkin mallaka ya haifar. Wannan shi ne saboda 'yan asalin ƙasar sun fuskanci jerin hare-hare masu ban tsoro. Misali, "kisan kiyashi, manufofin kisan kare dangi, annoba ta cututtuka, tilasta cirewa da sake komawa, manufofin shiga makarantar Indiya, da haramta ayyukan ruhaniya da al'adu sun samar da tarihin kisan kare kare dangi na kabilanci da al'ada".
 Al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya galibi suna da rashin fa'idodi na tattalin arziki waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin al'ummomin da ba' yan asalin ƙasar saboda wahalar da suke fuskanta. Wadannan rashin amfani sun hada da ƙananan matakan ilimi da kuma mafi girman talauci da rashin aikin yi, wanda ke kara da rauni ga canjin yanayi.

Bincike da yawa sun nuna, duk da haka, cewa yayin da suke fuskantar tasirin a matakan da ba daidai ba, 'yan asalin suna da ikon daidaitawa idan ya zo ga canje-canjen muhalli da canjin yanayi ya haifar, kuma akwai lokuta da yawa inda' yan asalin ke daidaitawa. Kyakkyawan daidaitawarsu ta kasance a cikin ilimin gargajiya a cikin al'adunsu, wanda ta hanyar "harin rauni" ya ɓace. Rashin ilimin gargajiya da zalunci da 'yan asalin ke fuskanta ya haifar da babbar barazana fiye da sauya yanayin kanta.

Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar ta fahimci cewa' yan asalin suna da takamaiman ilimi, al'adun gargajiya, da al'adun al'adu waɗanda zasu iya ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen kula da albarkatun muhalli.

 Ayyukan yanayi na 'yan asalin ƙasar 

'Yan asalin suna aiki don hanawa da yaki da tasirin canjin yanayi ta hanyoyi da yawa, gami da ta hanyar gwagwarmayar yanayi. Wasu misalai na masu gwagwarmayar yanayi na asali sun haɗa da Autumn Peltier, daga Wiikwemkoong First Nation a Tsibirin Manitoulin a arewacin Ontario da Nina Gualinga daga al'ummar Kichwa masu magana da Sarayaku a cikin Amazon na Ecuador.

Autumn Peltier, daga Wiikwemkoong First Nation a Tsibirin Manitoulin a arewacin Ontario, ya kasance mai motsawa a cikin gwagwarmaya don kare ruwa a cikin al'ummomin asalin Kanada. Peltier shine babban kwamishinan ruwa na Anishinabek Nation, wanda ke ba da shawara ga Al'ummai na farko 40 a Ontario. Peltier, wanda ya zama kwamishinan ruwa a shekarar 2019 yana da shekaru 14, yana taruwa don yin aiki don kare ruwan 'yan asalin kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na motsi na aikin yanayi.

Nina Gualinga ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta tana aiki don kare yanayi da al'ummomin Amazon na Ecuador. A shekara ta 18, ta wakilci matasan 'yan asalin ƙasar a gaban Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka, ta taimaka wajen lashe wata shari'a mai mahimmanci a kan gwamnatin Ecuador don ba da izinin hako mai a kan ƙasashen' yan asalin ƙasar. Yanzu tana ba da shawara a matakin kasa da kasa don haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar da tattalin arzikin da ba shi da burbushin halittu. Gualinga kwanan nan ta karbi kyautar Matasan Shugaban kasa ta Duniya (WWF), wanda ke amincewa da nasarorin da masu kiyayewa suka samu a karkashin shekaru 30.

Al'ummomin 'yan asalin suna aiki don yaki da tasirin canjin yanayi a kan al'ummominsu ta hanyar shirye-shiryen al'umma.Inuit-climate-change-health-1.4110299&quot;},&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Trapped 'like a caged animal': Climate change taking toll on mental health of Inuit&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;May 27, 2017&quot;},&quot;work&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;CBC- Radio Canada&quot;},&quot;access-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;March 3, 2020&quot;},&quot;archive-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;December 24, 2019&quot;},&quot;archive-url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20191224064709/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/inuit-climate-change-health-1.4110299&quot;},&quot;url-status&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;live&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwByw\">&nbsp;</span><cite about=\"#mwt86\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFFabian2017\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Fabian, Sabrina (May 27, 2017). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/inuit-climate-change-health-1.4110299\" id=\"mwBy0\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Trapped 'like a caged animal': Climate change taking toll on mental health of Inuit\"</a>. <i id=\"mwBy4\">CBC- Radio Canada</i>. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20191224064709/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/inuit-climate-change-health-1.4110299\" id=\"mwBy8\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2019<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwBzA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBzE\">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite>"}}" id="cite_ref-20" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Climate_change_and_indigenous_peoples#cite_note-20 [1]] Misali, membobin al'ummar Inuit na Kanada na Rigolet, Nunatsiavut a Labrador suna aiki don magance ra'ayoyin rashin alaƙa da al'adu ta hanyar shirya koyar da ƙwarewar gargajiya a cikin ɗaliban al'umma, suna bawa mutane damar jin daɗi da al'adunsu da juna. Bugu da ƙari, membobin al'ummar Rigolet sun yi aiki tare da masu bincike daga Jami'ar Guelph, don haɓaka aikace-aikacen da ke bawa membobin al-umma damar raba binciken da suka yi game da amincin kankara na teku, a matsayin hanyar rage damuwa game da rashin tabbas na yanayin muhalli. Mambobin al'umma sun gano wadannan albarkatun a matsayin kayan aiki masu mahimmanci wajen magance baƙin ciki na muhalli da suke ji sakamakon canjin yanayi.

Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomi da kungiyoyi na asali suna aiki tare da shirye-shiryen gwamnati don daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi da ke da shi a kan al'ummominsu. Misali na irin wannan shirin na gwamnati shine Shirin Canjin Yanayi da Lafiya (CCHAP) a cikin Kasashe na Farko da Sashin Lafiya na Inuit na Ayyukan 'yan asalin Kanada. Selkirk First Nation a Yukon ta yi aiki tare da CCHAP don aiwatar da aikin da ya mayar da hankali kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙasa, ruwa da mutanen da ke dogaro da sansanonin kifi don tsaro na abinci da ci gaba da ayyukan al'adu waɗanda ke tallafawa tunanin mutum, jiki, motsin rai da ruhaniya na mutanensu. Kungiyar Kula da Tsaro ta Mi'kmaq ta Confederacy of Mainland a Nova Scotia ta kuma yi aiki tare da CCHAP a kan wani aikin da ya shafi gudanar da bincike mai alaƙa da yanayi, shiga cikin membobin al'umma, haɓaka kimanta buƙatun buƙatu da bayar da rahoto game da yanayin shirye-shiryen gaggawa masu alaƙa da canjin yanayi. The Indigenous Climate Action (ICA) kuma kungiya ce wacce ita ce kawai kungiya ta shari'ar yanayi a Kanada. Suna aiwatar da "kayan aiki, ilimi, da iyawar da ake buƙata don tabbatar da ilimin 'yan asalin shine ƙarfin motsawa a cikin mafita na yanayi. " Musamman, sun gudanar da zanga-zangar da yawa don taimakawa Teck ya janye daga Shirin Tar Sands na Frontier. 

 Fa'idodin sa hannun 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin binciken canjin yanayi da shugabanci 
A tarihi, ba a haɗa 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin tattaunawa game da canjin yanayi ba kuma ba a tsara su don shiga cikin bincike ba. Misali, 'yan asalin da ke cikin gandun daji na Ecuador waɗanda suka sha wahala sosai a cikin bambancin halittu da karuwar hayaki na iskar gas saboda lalacewar gandun daji ta Amazon ba a haɗa su cikin aikin 2005 Rage hayaki daga lalacewar daji da lalacewar dazuzzuka (REDD+ +). Krause, Torsten, Wain Collen, and Kimberly A. Nicholas. "Evaluating Safeguards in a Conservation Incentive Program: Participation, Consent, and Benefit Sharing in Indigenous Communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon." Ecology and Society 18, no. 4 (2013). . Wannan yana da wahala musamman ga 'yan asalin ƙasar saboda mutane da yawa na iya fahimtar canje-canje a cikin yanayin yankin su, amma suna gwagwarmaya da ba da dalilai don canjin da aka lura da su.Nkomwa, Emmanuel Charles, Miriam Kalanda Joshua, Cosmo Ngongondo, Maurice Monjerezi, and Felistus Chipungu. "Assessing Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture: A Case Study of Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa, Southern Malawi." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 67-69 (2014): 164-72. . Haɗakar da su a cikin tattaunawa game da canjin yanayi da dorewa na iya ba da mafita masu amfani ga wannan matsala.

 Ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar 
Masu sukar shirin sun nace cewa shiga 'yan asalin ƙasar ya zama dole ba kawai saboda sun yi imanin cewa ya zama dole don dalilai na adalci na zamantakewa ba, har ma saboda kungiyoyin' yan asalin sun fi kyau wajen kare gandun daji fiye da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa.Krause, Torsten, Wain Collen, and Kimberly A. Nicholas. "Evaluating Safeguards in a Conservation Incentive Program: Participation, Consent, and Benefit Sharing in Indigenous Communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon." Ecology and Society 18, no. 4 (2013). . Wannan ilimin da aka samo asali ne daga al'adun yankin, ilimin asali (IK), yana da amfani wajen tantance tasirin canjin yanayi, musamman a matakin gida inda samfuran kimiyya ke kasawa sau da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, IK tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙaddamar da sabbin shirye-shiryen muhalli saboda waɗannan shirye-shirye suna da ƙimar shiga mafi girma kuma sun fi tasiri lokacin da 'yan asalin ƙasar ke da faɗar yadda ake tsara shirye-shiryar da kansu. A cikin IK akwai wani ɓangare na ilimin da ake kira ilimin muhalli na gargajiya (TEK). TEK shine ilimin da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka tara ta hanyar darussan darussan da gogewa daga tsara zuwa tsara. TEK takamaiman ilimi ne game da dangantakar kungiyar da rarraba su na wasu rayayyun halittu da mahalli da ke kewaye da su kuma ana iya aiwatarwa don inganta amfani da albarkatu masu ɗorewa.

Haɗin 'yan asalin ƙasar da muhalli sune sassa masu mahimmanci na dorewa kuma ana samun misalai na wannan a duk faɗin duniya a cikin kabilun' yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomi daban-daban. A cikin al'ummomin kabilun Iñupiat na Alaska, alaƙarsu ta ruhaniya ga whales na iya ba da haske game da muhalli da canje-canjen muhalli saboda ilimin su na hulɗa, yayin da kuma ƙirƙirar asalin al'adu. Canjin yanayi da ke da ikon canza hanyoyin ƙaura da yawan jama'a yana barazana ga wannan ainihi, don haka Iñupiat suna shirin daidaitawa da waɗannan canje-canje a cikin al'ummarsu.

Aiwatar da TEK ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar yadda yake kamar yadda wasu hanyoyin ba lallai ba ne su ci gaba a kan sikelin da ya fi girma. Har ila yau, akwai shingen da za a aiwatar da ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin ilimin kimiyya, sau da yawa ana haifar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin al'ummomin' yan asalin ƙasar da gwamnatoci, amma kuma a cikin ilimi. Haɗakar da ilimin asali na asali tare da kimiyya ta zamani yana haifar da shirin gida da cikakke a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyoyin da za a iya jurewa. Hakanan yana iya samar da masana kimiyya da ilimin da ba su saba da shi ba kuma yana da wuyar dawo da shi. TEKs na yankunan da ke fama da fari na tsaunukan Andes a Kudancin Amurka sun jagoranci masana kimiyya su yi tsinkaya game da abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño, misali mai mahimmanci na yadda za'a iya haɗa ilimin gargajiya da kimiyya ta zamani kuma a yi amfani da su wajen bin canjin yanayi.

Misali na ilimin 'yan asalin da za a iya aiwatarwa a cikin hanyoyin da za a ci gaba da kiyayewa shine noma da kiyayewa na' yan asalin a Cordova, Alaska. Amfani mai ɗorewa na albasa ta 'yan asalin Eyak, yana da damar da za a kara saboda ikonsa na hana carbon, yaki da yaduwar teku  da amfani da shi azaman madadin filastik.  Kazalika da karfafa duniya daga canjin yanayi da karewa daga abubuwan da suka faru kamar zubar da mai, yana ƙarfafa ikon cin gashin kai ta hanyar kirkirar masana'antar sabuntawa karkashin jagorancin 'yan asalin ƙasar.

 Gudanarwa 
Ta hanyar fadadawa, shugabanci, musamman shugabancin yanayi, zai amfana daga haɗin ma'aikata zuwa IK saboda zai haifar da karuwar tsaro na abinci. Irin wannan haɗin zai kuma inganta ra'ayi na alhakin amfani da albarkatun muhalli ta hanyar da ta dace da Ci gaba mai ɗorewa gaba ɗaya, amma musamman tare da Manufofin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bugu da kari, ɗaukar batutuwan mulki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar, waɗanda suka fi fuskantar kuma ba su da haɗari ga batutuwan yanayi, za su gina juriya ga al'umma da haɓaka ɗorewar gida, wanda hakan zai haifar da sakamako mai kyau a matakan da suka fi girma. An yi la'akari da cewa yin amfani da ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar a matakin gida shine hanya mafi inganci na motsawa zuwa ga dorewar duniya. Al'ummomin 'yan asalin Arewacin Ostiraliya suna da takamaiman ilimin gargajiya na tsara game da yanayin yanayi da canje-canjen yanayi. Wadannan al'ummomin sun saba da canjin yanayi a baya kuma suna da ilimin da mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba za su iya amfani da su don daidaitawa da canjin sauyin yanayi a nan gaba. Kwanan nan, yawan masana kimiyya na yanayi da masu gwagwarmayar 'yan asalin suna ba da shawara don haɗa TEK cikin bincike game da manufofin canjin yanayi da ƙoƙarin daidaitawa ga al'ummomin 'yan asalin da wadanda ba' yan asalin ba.

A shekara ta 2008, Cibiyar Biodiversity da Conservation na Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Amirka (AMNH) ta haɗu da kwamitin shugabannin 'yan asalin ƙasar, masanan ilimin' yan asalin ƙasar, da masana kimiyya na canjin yanayi don tattauna rawar da' yan asalin ke takawa a rage canjin yanayi da kuma yadda za'a iya aiwatarwa. Taron ya kasance mai taken Ci gaba da Al'adu da Biological Diversity in a Rapidly Changing World: Darussan Manufofin Duniya.

Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ya jaddada goyon bayansu don hada IK a cikin Rahoton su na Musamman: Gwargwadon Duniya na 1.5 °C yana cewa: Akwai matsakaicin shaida da babban yarjejeniya cewa ilimin 'yan asalin yana da mahimmanci don daidaitawa, tallafawa ikon daidaitawa ta hanyar bambancin tsarin kula da gandun daji da gandun dajin ƙasa, ƙwaƙwalwar zamantakewa, ajiyar ƙwarewar da aka tara da hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a. Yawancin malamai suna jayayya cewa amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar, tsarin mulki da dokoki yana da mahimmanci ga daidaitawa, ragewa da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

 Ta nahiyar 
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Canjin yanayi a Afirka zai haifar da rashin tsaro na abinci, ƙaura 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kuma karuwar yunwa, fari, da ambaliyar ruwa. Tasirin canjin yanayi a Afirka ya fadi ba daidai ba ga 'yan asalin ƙasar saboda suna da iyaka a kan ƙaura da motsi, sun fi shafar raguwar bambancin halittu, kuma suna da ƙasar noma da ta lalace ta hanyar canjin yanayi.

 Yammacin Afirka 

A Najeriya, an ruwaito cewa yankin Neja Delta shine yankin da ya fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi a Najeriya. An yi rikodin ambaliyar ruwa a kowace shekara musamman a cikin ƙauyuka a gefen Kogin Neja da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi kuma wannan ya mamaye garuruwa da yawa kuma ya haifar da ƙaurawar mutane daga gidajensu. A cikin Benin 'yan asalin manoma suna da tarihin daidaitawa da ƙalubale daban-daban, gami da sauye-sauyen yanayi, matsin lamba, da manufofi masu tasowa, ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan aikin gona. Misali, canje-canje a kwanakin shuka saboda canjin yanayi ya haifar da lokutan amfanin gona masu tsawo a Benin, suna haifar da ƙalubalen rashin inganci. Abubuwa kamar matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, dabarun noma kamar juyawa na amfanin gona, da kuma matakin saka hannun jari a aikin gona suna tasiri sosai ga yanke shawara na manoma don daidaita kalandar aikin gona don mayar da martani ga canje-canjen yanayi musamman a Benin. Wadannan fahimta suna nuna bukatar tallafin da aka yi niyya, kamar watsa bayanan yanayi da jagororin aikin gona da aka tsara don yanayin Benin, don taimakawa al'ummomin asali su gudanar da ayyukan aikin gona yadda ya kamata a cikin canjin yanayi.

A sakamakon yawan fari, ambaliyar ruwa, da bushewar wuraren ruwa a duk faɗin Yammacin Afirka, an sami karuwar rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyaya. A tsakiyar waɗannan ƙalubalen, ilimin 'yan asalin Fulani da na gida ya kwatanta ingantattun dabarun daidaita yanayin yanayi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan dabarun sun hada da bambancin ciyar da dabbobi, dabarun kula da damuwa da shanu, da rarraba aiki. Bugu da ƙari, sauyawa daga kiwo zuwa noma da inganta wuraren kiwo masu zaman kansu sun tabbatar da rage karuwar rikice-rikicen ambaliyar ruwa da fari.

 Gabashin Afirka 
Al'ummomin asalin Gabashin Afirka, gami da Tonga a Zambia, suna nuna zurfin fahimtar kiyaye muhalli ta hanyar ayyuka kamar girbi na zaɓaɓɓu, noma na kwayoyin halitta, da kariya ta ruwa mai tsarki. Hanyoyin waɗannan al'ummomin masu ɗorewa, waɗanda suka samo asali a cikin totems da ilimin gargajiya, suna nuna haɗin kai tsakanin ayyukan ɗan adam da duniyar halitta, suna ba da kyakkyawar fahimta a fuskar ƙalubalen canjin yanayi. A Malawi, dabarun asali kamar su shuka masara tare da legumes suna inganta amfanin ƙasa da juriya ga fari. Hanyoyin agroforestry, kamar dasa bishiyoyi tare da amfanin gona, suna samar da inuwa da riƙe danshi, rage tasirin damuwa. Hoton da ke dama yana nuna kayan aikin gona da manoman Malawi ke amfani da su a Agroforestry.

Bugu da ƙari, Mutanen Boorana suna amfani da lura da halayen dabbobi da ciki da kuma alamu na sama don ƙirƙirar tsarin hasashen yanayi da fari wanda ya tabbatar da abin dogaro a cikin yanayin canji. Tsarin kula da albarkatun su da tsarin inshorar zamantakewar al'ada da tsarin tsaro suna tabbatar da sauƙin daidaitawa, wanda ke ba da damar daidaitawa da ƙalubalen fari. Hakazalika, yawan lura da halittu na al'ummar Afar yana ba da damar fahimtar yanayin zafin jiki da tsarin hasashen yanayi wanda ke ƙarfafa daidaitawa da canjin yanayi.

 Arewacin Afirka 
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Kudancin Masar da arewacin Sudan, 'yan asalin har yanzu suna bin Kalandar Coptic, wanda shine tsohuwar kalandar Fir'auna da jama'ar noma ke amfani da ita. Amma a zamanin yau, manoma suna da wahalar tsayawa a gaban canjin yanayi da mummunar tasirinsa akan yanayi. Yawancin lokaci, manoma a waɗannan yankuna za su shuka alkama a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Amma saboda sabon yanayin zafi a wannan lokacin, za a jinkirta shuka kuma zai shafi duk tsarin amfanin gona. A cewar Ismail El Gizouli, masanin kimiyya na Sudan kuma tsohon shugaban mukaddashin Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC): "Har zuwa shekaru 20 da suka gabata, wannan kalandar ta kusan cikakke ne, " amma yanzu "saboda canjin yanayi akwai bambanci daga shekara zuwa wata. "  Al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar a Arewacin Afirka, kamar Maasai a Tanzania da Barbaig inara, suna da tasiri sosai ta Manyara tasirin canjin yanayi. Suna fuskantar fari mai tsawo, rashin tsaro na abinci, da kuma ƙaura daga ƙasashensu na gargajiya. Wadannan al'ummomin, wadanda rayuwarsu sau da yawa ta kewaye da kiwon dabbobi, ba wai kawai suna fama da sakamakon canjin yanayi ba har ma da gwagwarmaya da batutuwan da suka dade na talauci da warewa. Rashin filayen kiwo da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa saboda canje-canjen da suka haifar da yanayi ya kara tsananta kalubalen da masu kiwon dabbobi na asali suka fuskanta, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da raguwar albarkatun. Duk da ayyukan gudanar da ƙasa masu ɗorewa, kamar su kiwo mai juyawa, galibi ana cire al'ummomin 'yan asalin daga hanyoyin yanke shawara kuma ba su da damar samun albarkatun da za su iya tallafawa jimrewarsu ga canjin yanayi. Kokarin magance canjin yanayi a Arewacin Afirka dole ne ya ba da fifiko ga amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar, albarkatu, da kuma ƙaddamar da kai, tabbatar da shigar da su cikin daidaitawa da dabarun ragewa. Shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa waɗanda suka haɗu da ilimin muhalli na gargajiya tare da hanyoyin kimiyya na zamani na iya haɓaka juriya na al'ummomin 'yan asalin a fuskar ƙalubalen da suka shafi yanayi, yayin da suke riƙe da haƙƙin' yan asalin ƙasar da tallafawa ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da al'umma ke jagoranta ba kawai amfanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin da aka ware ba har ma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin juriya na yanayi da burin kiyaye halittu a Arewacin Afirka.

 Kudancin Afirka 
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Kasashen da suka fi kudu a cikin nahiyar Afirka ana daukar su a matsayin masu zafi. fari yana daya daga cikin manyan barazanar da canjin yanayi ya kawo ga yankuna masu zafi. fari yana haifar da batutuwan da suka biyo baya game da bangaren noma wanda ke da tasiri sosai a kan rayuwar jama'a a cikin waɗannan yankuna. Masu kiwo a ko'ina cikin nahiyar sun jimre da busassun ƙasar ta hanyar karɓar salon rayuwa na makiyaya don neman hanyoyin ruwa daban-daban don dabbobinsu. Ana iya samun wani misali na wannan sabon abu a cikin Thaba Nchu, Gundumar Mangaung, Afirka ta Kudu. Lokacin kimanta ƙananan gidajen noma 301 a yankin ta amfani da Livelihood Vulnerability Index da bayanan yanayi daga 2010 zuwa 2020 wani binciken ya gano cewa gidajen noma na Thaba Nchu na Tsakiya sun fi rauni dangane da iyawar daidaitawa da albarkatun ruwa idan aka kwatanta da Arewa da Kudancin Thaba Nch. Bugu da ƙari, Arewacin Thaba Nchu yana fuskantar ƙarin fallasawa da ƙwarewa ga ƙalubalen da suka shafi kiwon lafiya. Tattaunawar waɗannan kungiyoyi yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda sauyin yanayi ke shafar ayyukan 'yan asalin da hanyoyin rayuwa.

 Arctic 
Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri sosai a yankin Arctic. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran duniya, yanayin zafi yana ƙaruwa sau biyu. A sakamakon haka, 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke cikin wannan yankin suna fuskantar ƙalubalen da ba a taɓa gani ba. Kasashen Arctic guda takwas gabaɗaya suna da alhakin kashi 22% na jimlar hayakin carbon dioxide na duniya. Duk da yake waɗannan 'yan asalin suna cikin waɗannan ƙasashen Arctic, hayaki galibi daga kamfanonin mai da iskar gas da sauran' yan wasan da ba 'yan asalin ba ne. Kodayake al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin Arctic suna da ƙananan alhakin haifar da canjin yanayi, ba za su iya tserewa daga tasirin ba. Kungiyoyi da yawa da ke ba da shawara game da Adalci na muhalli, kamar su Native Movement da Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli, sun ba da hankali ga wannan bambancin, a ƙarshe suna jayayya da ƙasashe da kamfanonin da suka fi alhakin canjin yanayi dole ne su ɗauki nauyin kuɗi da ɗabi'a don lalacewar da ke akwai.

Dangane da asalin Kaya, dalilai huɗu suna tasiri ga jimlar matakan fitar da carbon dioxide na duniya. Wadannan dalilai suna karuwar yawan jama'a na duniya, babban samfurin cikin gida (GDP) ga kowane mutum, ƙarfin makamashi, da ƙarfin carbon. Kafin COVID-19 ya bazu a duk faɗin duniya, yawan jama'a na duniya, GDP na kowane mutum, da ƙarfin carbon duk suna ƙaruwa, yayin da ƙarfin makamashi ke raguwa a girman da ke sa matakan fitar da carbon dioxide na duniya ya tashi. Koyaya, COVID-19 ya haifar da raguwar ƙarfin carbon da GDP ga kowane mutum. Kodayake hayakin carbon ya ragu a cikin 2020, cikakken tasirin dogon lokaci akan rage karuwar yawan carbon dioxide yanayin yana da ƙanƙanta sai dai idan akwai gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ingancin makamashi.

Karin matakan fitar da carbon dioxide na duniya yana nufin raguwar kankara ta teku. Rage kankara na teku a halin yanzu ba kawai yana tasiri ga zafin jiki na duniya da rikicin yanayi ba. Har ila yau, yana cutar da al'ummomin asali a hanyoyi da ba a taɓa gani ba. 'Yan asalin ƙasar Arctic sun haɗa da' yan asalin ƙasar da ke zaune a Kanada, Greenland, Amurka, Norway, da Rasha. A Kanada, akwai manyan kungiyoyin Inuit guda tara. Su ne Labradormiut (Labrador Inuit), Nunavimmiut (Nunavik Inuit ko Ungava Inuit), Nunatsiarmiut (Baffin Island Inuit), Iglulingmiut (Iglulik Inuit), Kivallirmiut (Caribou Inuit), Netsilingmiut (Netsilik), Inuinnait (Copper Inuit), Qikirtamiut (Sanikiluaq Inuit), da Inuvialuit (Western Arctic Inuit ko Mackenzie Delta Inuit).  Duk da yake karami a cikin adadi, akwai kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar da ba Inuit ba a yankunan arewacin Kanada, kamar su Cree, Dene, da Innu. A Greenland, 'yan asalin ƙasar Inuit ne. Sun ƙunshi mafi yawan jama'a a tsibirin. A Amurka, 'yan asalin Arctic suna zaune a Alaska. Duk da yake akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don rarraba su, galibi ana haɗa su a cikin yanki. A kudu, akwai mutanen Yup'ik (Cup'ik), Eyak, Haida, Tlingit, da Tsimshian. A arewa, akwai mutanen St. Lawrence Island Yupik da Iñupiat. Cikin Alaska gida ne ga mutanen Athabascan. Mutanen Alutiiq da Aleut (Unangax) suna zaune a Tsibirin Aleutian da kudu maso tsakiyar Alaska .  Mutanen Sámi sun wanzu a Norway, Finland, Sweden, da Rasha, kuma su ne kawai 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Akwai fiye da mutane 180 da ke zaune a ƙasar da ake kira Rasha a halin yanzu. Wadannan sun hada da Buryats, Enets, Evenks, Khakas, Komi, Oroks, Nenets, da Yakuts. Iceland ita ce kadai ƙasar Arctic wacce ba ta da wata al'umma ta asali kamar yadda yawancin 'yan ƙasa suka fito ne daga mutanen arewacin Turai. Saboda narkewar kankara, hauhawar matakin teku, karuwar lalacewa, da asarar abinci na gargajiya da farauta saboda canjin yanayi, duk waɗannan ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin suna cikin haɗari sosai.

Ga Mutanen Sámi, dangantakarsu da reindeer ma tana cikin haɗari. reindeer_herding" id="mwAuE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Reindeer herding">Kiwon dabbobi ya taimaka wa mutanen Sámi su tsira tsawon ƙarni. Sámi waɗanda ke zaune a Finnmark, wani yanki a Arewacin Norway, na iya ganin canje-canje ga wannan tsari saboda canjin yanayi. Tsinkayen yanayi sun nuna yanayi da yawa a cikin karni na 21 wanda yankuna da yankuna na gida bazai sami yanayin da ya dace don haɓaka da riba daga reindeer ba. A al'ada, makiyaya Sámi za su amsa ga canje-canjen muhalli ta hanyar motsawa zuwa wani yanki mai fa'ida tare da yanayin dusar ƙanƙara, yanayin zafi, da sauran albarkatun muhalli. Koyaya, a zamanin yau, juriya ba zaɓi ba ne. Shingen tattalin arziki da shari'a da Norway ta sanya wa Sámi, asarar mazauni, da asarar dusar ƙanƙara duk suna hana ikon al'ummar Sámi amsa waɗannan canje-canje. Har ila yau, akwai rashin tabbas sosai game da canjin yanayi. Canjin yanayi na iya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa na ci gaba da wannan al'ada. Reindeer ba kawai suna da mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki ga Sámi ba, amma kuma suna da muhimmiyar bangare na al'adunsu. Reindeer ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi kuma ya ci gaba da yin wahayi zuwa sauti, bukukuwa, harshe, da ba da labari. Don taimakawa Sámi yadda zai yiwu, ƙasashen Scandinavian da al'ummomin duniya dole ne su amince da tsarin ilimin gargajiya da hanyoyin rayuwa da kuma haƙƙinsu na kasancewa a teburin yanke shawara.

 Asiya 
'Yan asalin Asiya shuka fama da matsaloli iri-iri saboda canjin yanayi, gami da amma ba a iyakance su ba, fari mai tsawo, ambaliyar ruwa, sake zagayowar yanayi mara kyau, guguwa da guguwa tare da ƙarfin da ba a taɓa gani ba, da kuma yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba. Wannan ya haifar da mummunar tsaro na abinci da ruwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwar cututtukan da ke yaduwa da ruwa, bugun jini, da Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Hanyoyin rayuwa na asali a Asiya an cire su gaba ɗaya kuma an rushe su saboda abubuwan da ke sama, amma kuma saboda karuwar fadada shuke-shuke na mono-al'adu, madatsar ruwa, da kuma fitar da uranium a ƙasashensu da yankuna kafin yardarsu ta kyauta da bayani.

Ana iya ganin wannan a yankin Kudancin Asiya inda bala'o'in da suka haifar da canjin yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari ke haifar da manyan ƙalubale ga al'ummomin asali, wanda ke haifar da Rashin tsaro na abinci, ƙaura, da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Rashin lafiyar Kudancin Asiya ga canjin yanayi ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar dalilai kamar yawan jama'arta, matakan talauci, da siffofin ƙasa kamar manyan tsarin kogi daga Hindu Kush da Himalayas. 'Yan asalin ƙasar a Kudancin Asiya, waɗanda suka dogara da aikin gona, suna fuskantar barazanar tsaron abinci saboda sauye-sauyen yanayin yanayi, ƙarancin ruwa, da raguwar amfanin gona wanda canjin yanayi ya haifar. Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi, kamar su raƙuman zafi da ambaliyar ruwa, ba wai kawai suna fitar da 'yan asalin ƙasar ba har ma suna matsawa da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya a Kudancin Asiya, wanda ke haifar da karuwar haɗarin kiwon lafiya. Haɗin ƙalubalen muhalli da rashin isasshen martani da ikon ceto daga gwamnatoci yana ƙara tasirin tasirin canjin yanayi a kan al'ummomin asali a Kudancin Asiya.

Yawancin al'ummomin asali a kasar Sin suma suna fuskantar ƙalubalen da canjin yanayi ya kawo, kodayake mutane da yawa sun saba da ilimin gargajiya da hanyoyin noma. Wadannan al'ummomin, tare da ilimin da ya riga ya dace da wurare daban-daban dukansu suna da yanayi daban-daban, na iya zama mafi dacewa da daidaitawa da canje-canjen da rikicin yanayi ya haifar, kodayake hanyoyin su da bayanan su suna fuskantar karamin sanarwa daga masana kimiyya na yamma. 

Al'ummomi daban-daban na asali a Indiya suna yaki da rashin kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar amfani da sanin yanayin da suka saba da shi tare da ilimin gargajiya, gogewar gida, da kuma tunanin da suka wuce ta hanyar tsararraki. Al'ummar Lepcha a Indiya sun dogara da tsarin agroforestry na gargajiya don sarrafa zafin jiki da microclimate a lokacin bazara da kuma amfani da mulch don kiyaye danshi na ƙasa da sarrafa zafin ƙasa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen yaki da yanayin bushewa da sauye-sauyen yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, a Indiya al'ummar Lachenpas da Dokpas suna amfani da tsarin tsinkaye na lokutan tsinkaye wanda aka samo daga matakan phenological na jinsunan gida. Misali, ana amfani da ƙaurawar tsuntsaye don gano farkon da ƙarshen lokacin damina da canza yanayin ruwan sama. Wadannan masu tsinkaya suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwarsu da rage tasirin canjin yanayi. 

A kudancin Iraki, manoma na asali har yanzu suna bin matakai na Sumerians, masu gabatarwa na noma tun daga 6000 BC. Amma kwanan nan, dumamar duniya ta shafi sake zagayowar amfanin gona saboda lokacin zafi mai tsawo. Misali, Agusta shine watan rage inabi da samar da inabi. Amma kwanan nan 'ya'yan itace ba sa bayyana a lokutan da suka saba. Har ila yau, saboda yanayin zafi mafi girma a watan Satumba, manoma ba za su iya motsa buffalo daga ruwa ba don kauce wa yawan zafin su.

Tsofaffin manoma na asali waɗanda ke amfani da hanyoyin noma na gargajiya na iya rikicewa ta hanyar sauyin yanayi kuma ba su da tabbacin abin da kuma lokacin da za su shuka amfanin gona.

Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan 'yan asalin ƙasar a Arewacin Amurka sun haɗa da karuwar zafin jiki, canje-canjen hazo, raguwar kankara da rufe dusar ƙanƙara, hauhawar matakin teku, karuwar ambaliyar ruwa, fari da matsanancin yanayi. Rashin tsaro na abinci da ruwa,  iyakance damar samun abinci da wurare na gargajiya, da kuma karuwar bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka na iya haifar da waɗannan canje-canje. 

Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka huɗu yana fuskantar Rashin tsaro na abinci. Mutanen Arewacin Amurka, kamar Inuit, sun dogara da ayyukan rayuwa kamar farauta, kamun kifi, da tarawa. 15-22% na abincin a wasu al'ummomin asali sun fito ne daga abinci na gargajiya iri-iri. Wadannan ayyukan suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwar al'adun kabilanci, da kuma ƙaddamar da kai na kabilanci. Abinci na asali na Arewacin Amurka ya ƙunshi abinci na yau da kullun kamar Shinkafa ta daji, shellfish, wake, Moose, deer, berries, caribou, walrus, masara, squash, kifi, da hatimi. Sakamakon canjin yanayi - gami da canje-canje a cikin inganci da wadatar ruwa mai laushi, sauye-sauyen ƙaura na nau'ikan nau'ikan, da karuwar ƙarancin nau'ikan shuke-shuke na asali - sun sa ya zama da wuya ga kabilun su ci gaba da cin abinci na gargajiya kuma su shiga cikin ayyukan al'adunsu masu muhimmanci. Abinci na gargajiya na 'yan asalin Arewacin Amirka suma suna ba da abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci. Idan babu waɗannan muhimman abubuwa - kuma sau da yawa saboda yawan jama'a suna zaune a cikin "barin abinci" kuma suna ƙarƙashin talauci  - 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da ke zaune a wuraren ajiya suna ƙarƙashin matakan cututtukan da suka shafi abinci kamar Ciwon sukari, kiba, da cututtukani na zuciya. A wasu yankuna na 'Yan asalin Amurka a Amurka, kashi 20% na yara masu shekaru 2-5 suna da kiba.

 Manufofin da ayyukan duniya 
Bayan Yunkurin Zapatista a Mexico a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, an amince da batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a duniya da kuma fara ci gaba ga shiga siyasa da kuma amincewa da su. Da yake suna da mafi kyawun wakilci na siyasa, Bolivia, Ecuador, da Venezuela suna da mafi girman wakilci na politiki, ana gane Mexico da babbar rata a cikin daidaito da wakilci da yawan jama'a. Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa da manufofi kamar 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Yarjejeniyar Paris, da Addis Ababa Action Agenda sun amince da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar.

Mata suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaki da canjin yanayi musamman a cikin al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar, kuma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci jagoranci mai ƙarfi da nasarorin da suka samu. Duk da barazanar canjin yanayi, 'yan asalin mata sun tashi kuma sun tura don mafita mai ɗorewa a cikin gida da na duniya.
Tasirin canjin yanayi yana da yawa a kan 'yan asalin ƙasar,  lokacin da' yan asalin ƙasar suka ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga canjin yanayi. Babban tasirin canjin yanayi a yankin Caribbean shine karuwar abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi. An sami ambaliyar ruwa, tsunami, girgizar ƙasa, iska mai tsanani, da rushewa ƙasa a yankin. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sun haifar da lalacewar kayan aiki ga dukiyar jama'a da masu zaman kansu ga kowa. Misali, Guguwar Ivan ta haifar da lalacewa wanda ya kai kashi 135% na GDP na Grenada zuwa Grenada, inda ta sa kasar ta koma baya kimanin shekaru goma a ci gaba. Sakamakon waɗannan abubuwan suna jin daɗi sosai, duk da haka, daga 'yan asalin ƙasar, waɗanda aka tilasta su ƙaura zuwa yankuna mafi tsananin ƙasar saboda tasirin da mulkin mallaka ke da shi a yankin. A cikin waɗannan yankuna masu tsananin gaske, abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi sun fi bayyana, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona da dabbobi. Har ila yau, a cikin Caribbean, mutane sun ba da rahoton rushewar rairayin bakin teku, ƙarancin damar rairayin kan teku, raguwar ciyayi, hauhawar matakin teku, da koguna da ke bushewa. Rushewar rairayin bakin teku da bakin teku da kuma asarar ciyayi wani bangare ne saboda karuwar ci gaban da aka gina tare da bakin teku masu rauni a duk faɗin Caribbean, wanda gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da fadada masana'antar yawon bude ido da karuwar ayyukan ɗan adam.  

A shekara ta 2005 wani babban taron murjani ya faru a fadin Caribbean, wanda aka danganta shi da Yanayin zafi na teku, wanda zai iya ko bazai iya kasancewa ga canjin yanayi ba. Rashin murjani mai yawa na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri a kan lafiyar yanayin halittu na ruwa kuma yana iya haifar da rage yawan kifi, wanda 'yan asalin Caribbean zasu iya dogaro da shi azaman tushen abinci da hanyar samun kudin shiga. Yin la'akari da yankuna da yawa a cikin Caribbean ruwa ne mai ƙarancin ruwa kuma yawancin Ƙananan Tsibirin Kasashe masu tasowa sun dogara da ruwan sama da kuma tsaron ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala.

Daga cikin sauye-sauyen ayyukan noma, yana da mahimmanci ga 'yan asalin ƙasar da mazaunan waɗannan yankuna su haɗa shirye-shiryen bala'i, manufofin ci gaba mai ɗorewa na ƙasa da kiyaye muhalli cikin rayuwar yau da kullun. Kamar yadda 'yan asalin ke fuskantar hari akai-akai, daga gwamnatoci zuwa masana'antu, yana da mahimmanci ga' yan asalin su yi haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi kamar Rainforest Alliance don yin yaƙi da zanga-zanga don haƙƙin' yan asalin. Yankin Caribbean yana mai da hankali kan bukatun haɓaka ƙwarewa don ci gaba da ba da damar 'yan asalin su yi amfani da ilimin gargajiya don gina juriya ga canjin yanayi.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba