Gwamnatin tsakiya

gwamnatin tsakiya ita ce gwamnatin da ke da iko a kan jihar da ke da haɗin kai. Wani bangare na siyasa mai banbanci amma mai iko shine Gwamnatin tarayya, wanda zai iya samun iko daban-daban a matakai daban-daban na gwamnati, wanda tarayyar ta ba shi izini ko kuma ta ba shi kyauta kuma kowace jiha ta tarayyar. 

Tsarin gwamnatocin tsakiya ya bambanta. Kasashe da yawa sun kirkiro yankuna masu cin gashin kansu ta hanyar ba da iko daga gwamnatin tsakiya ga gwamnatoci a matakin kasa, kamar yanki, jiha, lardin, gida da sauran lokuta. Dangane da ma'anar tsarin siyasa na asali, akwai matakai biyu ko fiye na gwamnati da ke cikin yankin da aka kafa da gwamnati ta hanyar cibiyoyin gama gari tare da haɗuwa ko ikon raba kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki ko wata doka ta tsara.

Ayyukan yau da kullun na wannan matakin gwamnati waɗanda ba a ba su ga ƙananan matakan ba suna kula da tsaron ƙasa da yin amfani da diflomasiyya na duniya, gami da haƙƙin sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyoyi masu ɗaurewa. Ainihin, gwamnatin tsakiya tana da ikon yin dokoki ga duk ƙasar, sabanin kananan hukumomi.

.Bambancin da ke tsakanin gwamnatin tsakiya da gwamnatin tarayya shi ne kasancewar yankuna masu cin gashin kansu suna wanzuwa ta hanyar wahalhalun da gwamnatin tsakiya ke fuskanta[1] kuma galibi ana haifar da su ta hanyar tsarin mulki. Don haka ana iya soke su gaba ɗaya tare da sauƙaƙan canji a cikin doka. Misalin wannan an yi shi ne a cikin 1973 lokacin da Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta Arewacin Ireland ta 1973 ta soke gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa wacce aka kirkira a karkashin Dokar Gwamnatin Ireland ta 1920. Ya zama ruwan dare ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin wasu kasashe masu cin gashin kansu da yawa don haka ikonta na shafar matsayin daidaiton iko ya ragu sosai (kamar a Amurka). Wadannan gwamnatocin tarayya galibi ana kafa su ne bisa radin kansu daga kasa, yayin da mika mulki ke ba da mulkin kai daga sama

 Misalan 
Akwai, kuma sun kasance, kasashe da yawa waɗanda ke da iko, wasu sun haɗa da:

 Ƙungiyoyin Tarayya 
Gwamnatin tarayya ita ce gwamnati ta kowa ko ta kasa ta tarayyar. Ana ɗaukar Amurka a matsayin ƙungiya ta farko ta zamani. Bayan da ta ayyana 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya, Amurka ta amince da kundin tsarin mulkinta na farko, Dokokin Tarayya a cikin shekara ta 1781. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko zuwa ga tarayya ta hanyar kafa Majalisa ta tarayya. Koyaya, Majalisa ta iyakance game da ikonta na bin tattalin arziki, soja, da sake fasalin shari'a. A shekara ta 1787, Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta tsara Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a lokacin Yarjejeniyar Philadelphia . Bayan tabbatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta jihohi tara a cikin shekara ta 1788, Amurka ta kasance ƙungiya ce a hukumance, ta sanya Amurka a matsayi na musamman inda gwamnatin tsakiya ta wanzu ta hanyar wahalar jihohi ɗaya maimakon baya. 

Sauran jihohi sun bi haka wajen kafa gwamnatocin tarayya: Switzerland (1848); Kanada (1867); Jamus (1871 da kuma 1949); Brazil (1891); Australia (1901); Rasha (1917); Austria (1920 da kuma 1945) da Indiya (1947 da kuma 1950).  Misalan sun hada da:
Manazarta