Yankin Mut

Yankin Mut wani masallaci ne na tsohuwar Masar wanda ke cikin birnin Luxor na yanzu (Thebes na dā), a gabashin Kogin Nilu a Kudancin Karnak . Gidan yana daya daga cikin manyan haikalin tsohuwar guda huɗu da ke haifar da Karnak Temple Complex. Yana da kimanin mita 325 (1,066 feet) kudu da yankin allahn Amun. Yankin da kansa ya ƙunshi kusan murabba'in mita 90,000 (968,751 murabba'i feet) na dukan yankin. Gundumar Mut ta ƙunshi aƙalla temples shida: Haikali na Mut, Haikali na Contra, da Haikali na A, B, C, da D. Kewaye da Haikali na Mut daidai, a bangarori uku, akwai tafkin mai tsarki da ake kira Isheru . A kudancin tafkin mai tsarki akwai ƙasa mai yawa a halin yanzu ana tono ta Betsy Bryan da tawagarta daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore, Maryland.

A yau, yawancin fili har yanzu an lalata shi, amma a halin yanzu ana gyara shi. Kewaye da Haikali na Mut, Haikali na Contra, da Haikali A, B, C, da D, bango ne da aka yi da tubali na laka wanda ya kasance daga Daular 30. Haikali na Mut da ya dace an yi shi ne da dutse mai laushi kuma an sanya shi a arewa da kudu kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da Gundumar Amun. Haikali na Contra, wanda aka yi da dutse mai laushi, yana kan iyaka da Haikali na Mut a kudancin ƙarshen sa, saboda haka sunan, kuma mai yiwuwa ya kasance a Daular 30 tare da wasu sauye-sauye da aka yi a lokacin Ptolemaic. Dalilin Haikali na Contra har yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba, duk da haka, Fazzini ya bayyana cewa mai yiwuwa ya zama wurin tsayawa a cikin wani sashi mai ginshiƙai a kusa da Haikali na Mut. A kusurwar arewa maso gabas shine tsarin da aka sani da Haikali A kuma bisa ga baje kolin Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn a Gundumar Mut, an kuma kira shi "Haikali na Miliyoyin Shekaru" kuma an sadaukar da shi ga Ramsses II da allahn Amun-Ra. A cikin haikalin akwai stelae guda biyu, ɗayan yana nufin aikin Ramsses II a kan Haikalin A ɗayan kuma yana ba da labarin aurensa ga yarima Hittite. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Brooklyn ya bayyana cewa Haikali A bai zama wani ɓangare na Mut Precinct ba har sai Daular 25 a ƙarƙashin mulkin sarki Kushite, Taharqa kuma a lokacin ya zama gidan haihuwa, "mammisi", inda Tsohon Masarawa za su yi bikin haihuwar allahn Khonsu, ɗan Amun-Ra da Mut.

A gabashin Haikali na Mut akwai wani gini da aka rushe wanda ake kira, Haikali B, saboda yawan lalacewar Haikali B. A yammacin tafkin mai tsarki, Isheru, akwai Haikali C, wani karamin haikalin da Ramsses III ya gina, har yanzu yana riƙe da wasu al'amuran soja a bangon waje, da kuma manyan mutane biyu marasa kai na sarki da kansa kafin ƙofar haikalin. Haikali D, ko Tsarin D, ɗakin sujada ne da aka yi a lokacin Ptolemaic, an keɓe ɗakin gaba ga allahiya Mut kuma ɗakin baya yana nuna shaidar an keɓe shi ga ƙungiyar kakannin Ptolemaic. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Brooklyn ya ambaci wani muhimmin abin tunawa da aka samu a shafin shine ƙofar Taharqa wanda ke da faɗin kusan yadudduka 7 kuma yana fuskantar kudu da yamma, an gina shi don fadada Mut Precinct kuma ya buɗe sabuwar hanyar zuwa Haikali A. Tafkin mai tsarki, Isheru, mutum ne kuma yana da muhimmancin addini ga bautar allahiya Mut.

 allahiya Mut 
allahiyar Mut ita ce matar kuma matar allahn Amun-Ra. An kuma san ta da Uwar Allah, Sarauniyar Allahn, da Uwargidan Sama. Mut ita ce allahiyar sararin samaniya ta Masar kuma alamun ta sune gaggafa, zaki da kambi na Uraeus (mai kiwon kwari). Ita ce mahaifiyar Khonsu, allahn wata. Amun-Ra, Mut, da Khonsu sun kafa Triad na Theban . 

 Wanene ya gina Gundumar Mut? 
Da farko an yi tunanin cewa Amenhotep III shine na farko da ya gina Haikali na Mut, to amma yanzu shaidu sun gaya mana cewa ya ba da gudummawa daga baya ga shafin. Hotuna na farko da aka rubuta sune na Thutmose II da III na Daular 18 (wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa sunan Thutmosis mai yiwuwa ne maye gurbin sunan Hatshepsut da aka share). : 4 A cewar Elizabeth Waraksa, a lokacin Daular 19, Ramsses II ya yi aiki sosai a Haikali A, ya sanya manyan siffofi biyu na kansa da stelae biyu na alabaster a gaban ginshiƙi na farko na haikalin. A lokacin Daular 20, Ramsses III ya gina Haikali C, an yi amfani da shi har zuwa Daular 25 lokacin da ya zama dutse don gyare-gyare don Haikali A. A lokacin mulkinsa, mai mulkin Kush Taharqa a Daular 25 ya yi manyan canje-canje ga Gundumar Mut. Ya gina sabon ƙofar dutse a arewa maso yammacin shafin da ke kaiwa Haikali A. Ya kuma gyara sassa na Haikali na Mut da ya dace, ya gina wani shinge mai ginshiƙai da ke fuskantar kudu. Ptolemy VI a lokacin Ptolemaic ya gina wani karamin ɗakin sujada a cikin Haikali na Mut. Stelae da yawa da aka samu a shafin, sun ambaci gine-gine a shafin da sarakunan Romawa Augustus da Tiberius suka yi daga karni na 1 BC zuwa karni na 1 AD.

 Siffofin Sekhmet 
Shafin sananne ne ga siffofin allahiya mai kai-zaki Sekhmet da aka samu a can. An yi siffofin ne da diorite ko "black granite" kuma da farko an yi tunanin kimanin siffofin granodiorite 570 sun kasance a yankin Mut a wani lokaci. A cewar Lythgoe, Amenhotep III, ya ba da umarnin a gina siffofi da yawa a matsayin "kurmi". Amenhotep III ya bayyana Sekhmet a matsayin mummunar, allahiyar yaƙi da rikici kuma asalinsa ya fito ne daga farkon Memphite triad a matsayin uwa- allahiyar, kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama sananne tare da allahn Theban na yankin, Mut . : 3 A cewar Porter da Moss (1960), yawancin siffofin sun fito ne daga ainihin shafin, amma wasu na iya fitowa daga Haikali na Amenhotep III a yammacin Kogin Nilu.: A yau ana iya samun siffofi a gidajen tarihi daban-daban a duk faɗin duniya; a Boston, Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts yana da mutum-mutumi ɗaya da ke zaune, Gidan kayan gargajiya na Masar, Alkahira yana da mutummutumi shida, kuma a London, Gidan Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya yana da mutum mutum-mutuma talatin, kawai don ambaci wasu misalai.

 Abubuwan da aka gano kwanan nan 
Tun daga shekara ta 2001, Bryan ya jagoranci tonowa a bayan Tafkin Mai Tsarki. Tsakanin 2002 da 2004, binciken Mut Precinct, wanda Bryan da tawagarta suka gudanar, sun bayyana wani sashi na gyaran aikin Sabon Mulki wanda ya haɗa da cibiyoyin yin burodi da giya, da kuma hatsi. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, balaguron, bayan ya share wasu tarkace, ya sami wani mutum-mutumi mai girman gaske na Sarauniya Tiy, matar Amenhotep III, wanda kuma aka yi da dutse kuma hakan ya samo asali ne daga Daular 21.: 31 Bryan da tawagarta sun gano ragowar mutum a kudancin Tafkin Mai Tsarki a cikin 2011, abin da ke da ban sha'awa game da ragowar shine yanayin jikin, an fuskanci shi kuma ya bayyana an hana shi, har ma da ban shaʼawa shine wurin kwanyar, kamar dai an sanya shi da gangan a ƙarƙashin tushe na sandstone don ginshiƙi na katako. A cikin 2012, Binciken Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, wanda Bryan ya jagoranta, ya sami binnewa a bayan Tafkin Isheru Mai Tsarki. Yanzu a watan Janairun 2015, babban burin aikin JHU shine ya tono abin da yanzu ake la'akari da makabartar bayan tafkin mai tsarki.

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