Mzala Nxumalo

Jabulani Nobleman “Mzala” Nxumalo OLS (27 Oktoba 1955 – 22 Fabrairu 1991) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu, haziƙi, kuma marubuci.

Nxumalo ya ba da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga yunkurin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Nxumalo ya kuma taka rawar gani sosai a jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP) yayin da yake gudun hijira.  A lokacin gudun hijira Nxumalo, zai yi hidima ga ƙungiyoyin 'yanci a Swaziland (yanzu Eswatini), Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, da Birtaniya.  A wannan lokacin Nxumalo zai rubuta litattafai masu yawa, duk har yanzu suna fuskantar muhawara mai tsanani, game da ka'idar juyin juya halin Afirka ta Kudu. Nxumalo zai wuce yayin da yake London, United Kingdom a shekarar 1991 yana da shekaru 35. 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Nxumalo a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, 1955, a Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal. Ɗan malamai biyu, Benjamin da Elsie, Nxumalo da sauri ya fara sha'awar koyo. Nxumalo zai halarci makaranta a Louwsburg, sannan daga bisani Bethal College a Butterworth, kuma ya yi digiri a KwaDlangezwa a Empangeni. Sannan zai yi karatu a Jami'ar Zululand da Jami'ar Natal 

 Farkon gwagwarmayar Siyasa 
A cikin shekarar 1972, lokacin da Nxumalo yana ɗan shekara 15 kawai, an tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba saboda halartar ƙauracewa makaranta. A shekara mai zuwa, 16 kawai, an sake kama shi. Ana tuhumarsa da cin zarafin jama'a saboda rawar da ya taka a yajin aikin ɗalibai da ma'aikata. Nxumalo zai karanci shari'a a Jami'ar Natal. A ci gaba da fafutukarsa, zai shiga kuma ya taka rawa sosai a cikin kungiyar ɗalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (SASO).

Nxumalo zai taka rawa sosai a yunkurin Soweto, wanda ya kasance jerin zanga-zangar da ɗalibai suka jagoranta don mayar da martani ga wariyar launin fata da kuma shigar da Afrikaans a cikin manhajar makaranta.  Ɗaliban sun yi imanin Afrikaans shine "harshen azzalumi".  An kiyasta cewa ɗalibai 20,000 za su shiga, za a fara zanga-zangar a ranar 16 ga watan  Yuni, 1976. Ɗaliban za su fuskanci cin zarafi na 'yan sanda, inda aka kashe daga 176 zuwa 700. 

 Fitarwa da Ƙarin Gwagwarmaya 
Bayan tawayen Soweto, mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu zai sanya Nxumalo a matsayin barazana. A sakamakon haka, Nxumalo, kamar sauran mutane, zai bar Afirka ta Kudu a gudun hijira.  Yayin da yake gudun hijira, Nxumalo zai shiga sahun jam'iyyar ANC ta Umkhonto weSizwe da jam'iyyar gurguzu. Zai ba da lokaci ga yunkurin 'yantar da Mozambique da Tanzaniya. Daga baya, Nxumalo zai ci gaba, yana samun horo a fagen siyasa da sauran batutuwa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da Jamus ta Gabas. 

Daga baya, Nxumalo zai riƙe babban matsayi a cikin sahu na Umkhonto weSizwe. Bayar da lamuni a Afirka, yana aiki a ƙasashe kamar Angola, da Swaziland.  Yayin da yake a sansanin Funda, wanda wani sansanin shiri ne na Umkhonto weSizwe da ke wajen Luanda, Angola, Nxumalo ya ji rauni sosai sakamakon wani harsashi da wani sabon ma'aikaci ya harbe shi a bisa kuskure. Nxumalo duk da haka zai ci gaba da yin cikakken murmurewa. 

Nxumalo za a yi la'akari da wani ɓangare na "June 16th Detachment". Wannan take yana nuni ne da yawan tashin gwauron zabi da ‘ya’yan jam’iyyar Umkhonto weSizwe suka yi bayan tashin Soweto. Wannan tashin-tashina da aka samu a jam’iyyar zai yi matukar sauya alkiblar jam’iyyar. 

A cikin shekarar 1983, Nxumalo zai zama ɗan jarida mai suna "Jabulani Dlamini", yana aiki a kan Swazi Observer (yanzu Eswatini Observer). Wani masani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu Eddy Maloka ya ce Nxumalo "ya hau babur da ke buƙatar R5 kawai don cike tankin. A koyaushe yana da bututu a tsakanin leɓunsa - amma ya kasance har abada ba a kunne."  A cikin shekarar 1980s, jihohin da suka yi iyaka da Afirka ta Kudu, irin su Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho duk suna da matukar hadari ga ayyukan Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka. A cikin shekarar 1982, jami'an gwamnatin Swazi za su rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ƙasashen kudancin Afirka da ke kewaye kan sharuɗɗa na rashin yafewa ayyukan Majalisar Wakilan Afirka.  'Yan sandan Swaziland za su tsare Nxumalo a cikin shekarar 1983. 

Daga baya, a watan Disamba na shekara, Nxumalo zai koma Swaziland. A wannan karon a yankin Shiselweni a ƙarƙashin sabon asali. Yanzu, Nxumalo zai yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan injinan karkara na Natal.  Wanda daga baya zai zama jigon Operation Vula, wanda manufarsa ita ce ta dawo da manyan shugabannin ANC cikin ƙasar, tare da samar da hanyoyin sadarwa a tsakanin su.  Nxumalo kuma zai kafa rukunin Umkhonto weSizwe a cikin Ingwavuma. A cikin shekarar 1984, 'yan sandan Swazi za su kama Nxumalo kuma a kore su.

A cikin shekarar 1985, Nxumalo zai zama wakilin ANC a Kabwe, Zambia.  Nxumalo, to, za a tura zuwa Prague a matsayin wakilin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu kan Binciken Marxist na Duniya, duk da haka, lafiyar Nxumalo za ta taɓarɓare. Aiwatar da shi zai ɗauki watanni biyu kawai, zai yi rashin lafiya. Sakamakon haka, za a tilasta masa barin Prague zuwa London a shekarar 1987.  Shi ne zaɓaɓɓen wakilin yankin London a taron shawarwarin jam'iyyar ANC a Johannesburg a watan Disambar 1990, duk da haka rashin lafiyarsa za ta hana shi halartar taron.  Yayin da yake Landan, Nxumalo zai kuma yi aiki da kwamitin ƙasa da ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu. Nxumalo kuma zai yi rajista don Ph.D. shirin a Jami'ar Essex da Jami'ar Bude. Nxumalo ba zai taɓa gama karatunsa na Ph.D ba. kamar yadda mutuwarsa za ta ƙare karatunsa da wuri.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba