Yaƙin Ifni

Yaƙin Ifni, wani lokacin ana kiransa Yaƙin da aka manta (la Guerra Olvidada) a Spain, jerin hare-haren makamai ne a cikin Yammacin Afirka ta Mutanen Espanya da masu tayar da kayar baya na Maroko suka fara a watan Nuwamba 1957 kuma suka ƙare tare da kewaye Sidi Ifni .

An ba da birnin Sidi Ifni ga Daular Mutanen Espanya a 1860 a ƙarshen Yakin Hispano-Moroccan . Bayan Morocco ta sami 'yancin kai a 1956, ta nemi da'awar sauran kadarorin Spain a Yammacin Afirka. Rikicin zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin Mutanen Espanya ya ɓarke a Ifni a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1957, kuma a watan Oktoba 'yan bindiga na Maroko sun fara haɗuwa kusa da yankin. Sojojin Maroko sun kai hari a watan Nuwamba, inda suka tilasta wa Mutanen Espanya su bar mafi yawan yankin kuma su koma wani yanki na tsaro a kusa da Ifni. Rundunar Sojan Ruwa na Spain ta samar da ita daga teku, sojojin Mutanen Espanya sun sami damar tsayayya da kewayewar, wanda ya kasance har zuwa Yuni 1958. A cikin Sahara ta Mutanen Espanya, ƙungiyoyin Maroko, yanzu an sake tsara su a matsayin Sojojin 'Yanci na Maroko, sun shiga cikin gwagwarmaya mai tsanani tare da sojojin Mutanen Espanya a El Aaiún da Edchera. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1958, wani hari na hadin gwiwa na Mutanen Espanya da Faransa sun kori Maroko daga Sahara na Mutanen Spain.

An daina tashin hankali a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1958 (ko da yake har yanzu akwai ƙananan rikice-rikice) tare da Yarjejeniyar Angra de Cintra, wanda gwamnatocin Spain da Maroko suka sanya hannu, wanda Cape Juby da mafi yawan yankin Ifni suka koma Maroko. Birnin Sidi Ifni ya kasance a hannun Mutanen Espanya har zuwa 1969, lokacin da, a karkashin matsin kasa da kasa, aka bar shi ga Maroko.
Maroko ta ba da birnin Sidi Ifni ga Daular Mutanen Espanya a ƙarshen Yakin Hispano-Moroccan a 1860 a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Wad Ras, amma Spain ba ta mamaye birnin ba har zuwa 1934.  Shekaru masu zuwa na hadin gwiwar Franco-Spanish sun haifar da kafawa da fadada kariya ta Mutanen Espanya a Maroko a kudancin birnin zuwa Cape Juby . A shekara ta 1946, an karfafa yankunan bakin teku da na cikin gida na Spain a matsayin Mutanen Espanya na Yammacin Afirka.

Lokacin da Maroko ta sake samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa da Spain a 1956, kasar ta nuna sha'awar duk sauran mallakar mulkin mallaka na Spain a Maroko, tana mai da'awar cewa sun kasance a tarihi da kuma yanayin ƙasa duk wani ɓangare na yankin Maroko. Sultan Mohammed V ya karfafa kokarin sake kwace ƙasar kuma da kansa ya ba da kuɗin 'Yan tawaye masu adawa da Spain don da'awar Ifni ya dawo ga Morocco.

 Yaduwar cutar 
Rikicin zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin Mutanen Espanya ya ɓarke a Ifni a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1957, wanda ya biyo bayan rikice-rikicen basasa da kisan gillar wadanda ke da aminci ga Spain. A mayar da martani, mai mulkin kama-karya na Mutanen Espanya Francisco Franco ya aika da battalions biyu na Legion na Mutanen Spain, rundunar yaƙi ta Spain, zuwa El Aaiún a Saguia el-Hamra a watan Yuni.

Taron soja na Spain ya haifar da Sojojin Maroko na Royal sun haɗu kusa da Ifni. A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1957,  ƙauyuka biyu a gefen Sidi Ifni, Goulimine da Bouizakarne, sojoji 1,500 na Maroko (Moujahidine) sun mamaye su. 

Kewaye da Ifni shine farkon Yakin Ifni . Sauran battalions biyu na Legion sun isa Sahara ta Mutanen Espanya kafin fara tashin hankali.

 Yaƙin Edchera 
A watan Janairun 1958, Maroko ta kara jajircewarta ga yakin neman zabe na Mutanen Espanya, ta sake tsara dukkan rundunonin Sojojin Maroko a yankin Mutanen Espanya a matsayin "Saharan Liberation Army".

A ranar 12 ga watan Janairu, wani bangare na Sojojin 'Yanci na Sahara ya kai hari kan garuruwan Mutanen Espanya a El Aaiún. Da Mutanen Espanya suka doke su kuma suka tilasta musu su koma baya, Sojojin Maroko sun juya kokarin su zuwa kudu maso gabas. Wani damar da ta gabatar da kanta washegari a Edchera, inda kamfanoni biyu na 13th Legionnaire Battalion ke gudanar da aikin leken asiri. Sanyawa ba tare da an gani ba a cikin manyan dunes kusa da matsayin Mutanen Espanya, Marokowa sun bude wuta.

Da yake an yi murhu kwanton bauna, Legionnaires sun yi gwagwarmaya don ci gaba da haɗin kai, suna fitar da hare-hare tare da bindigogi da ƙananan makamai. Rundunar ta farko ta yi taurin kai ga Maroko har sai asarar da ta yi ta tilasta musu janyewa. Hare-haren Maroko masu zubar da jini sun ci gaba har zuwa faɗuwar dare, kuma Mutanen Espanya sun yi tsayayya da su, waɗanda suka haifar da mummunan rauni ga Maroko. Da daddare, Marokowa sun warwatse sosai kuma sun rasa maza don ci gaba da kai musu hari, kuma sun koma cikin duhu.
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