Aït Benhaddou

Aït Benhaddou (Larabci: آيت بن حدّو) ighrem ne mai tarihi ko ksar (kauye mai garu) tare da tsohuwar hanyar ayari tsakanin Sahara da Marrakesh a Maroko.  An dauke shi babban misali na gine-ginen yumbu na Moroccan kuma ya kasance Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO tun 1987.

 Tarihi 
An ƙarfafa wurin ksar tun daga karni na 11 a lokacin zamanin Almoravid .   Babu wani daga cikin gine-ginen da aka yi imani da shi tun kafin karni na 17, amma mai yiwuwa an gina su da hanyoyin gine-gine da zane iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka yi amfani da su shekaru aru-aru a baya. "Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou". whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2018-02-16. Muhimmancin dabarun wurin ya kasance saboda wurin da yake a cikin kwarin Ounila tare da daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke wucewa da Sahara .  Mashigin Tizi n'Tichka, wanda aka isa ta wannan hanya, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan hanyoyi da ke tsallaka tsaunukan Atlas, da ke tsallaka tsakanin Marrakech da kwarin Dra'a a gefen sahara .   Sauran kasbahs da ksour suna kan wannan hanya, kamar Tamdaght kusa da arewa. 

A yau, ksar kanta ba ta da yawa a cikin iyalai da yawa. "Rough Guides - Aït Benhaddou and around". Rough Guides. Retrieved 2020-04-16. Rage yawan jama'a a kan lokaci ya samo asali ne daga asarar mahimmancin kwarin a cikin karni na 20. Yawancin mazauna yankin a yanzu suna zama a cikin gidajen zamani a ƙauyen da ke gefen kogin, kuma suna rayuwa ne ta hanyar noma da kuma sana'ar yawon buɗe ido.   A cikin 2011 an kammala sabuwar gadar masu tafiya a ƙasa wacce ke haɗa tsohuwar ksar da ƙauyen zamani, da nufin samar da ksar mafi sauƙi da kuma yuwuwar ƙarfafa mazaunan su koma gidajensu na tarihi. 

An lalata wurin ne sakamakon girgizar kasar da aka yi a watan Satumban shekarar 2023 da ta afku a kudancin Maroko. Binciken farko na lalacewar ya ba da rahoton tsagewa da rugujewa kaɗan, tare da haɗarin kara rushewa. 

 Bayani 

 Layout na shafin 
Ksar tana kan gangaren wani tudu kusa da kogin Ounila ( Asif Ounila ). Gine-ginen ƙauyen an haɗa su tare a cikin bangon tsaro wanda ya haɗa da hasumiya na kusurwa da kofa. "Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou". whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2018-02-16. Sun haɗa da gidaje masu girma dabam dabam tun daga gidaje masu ƙanƙanta zuwa dogayen gine-gine masu hasumiya. Wasu daga cikin gine-ginen an yi musu ado a sassansu na sama da siffofi na geometric. Hakanan ƙauyen yana da adadin gine-gine na jama'a ko na al'umma kamar masallaci, ayari, kasbah da yawa (kamar katanga) da Marabout na Sidi Ali ko Amer. A saman dutsen, yana kallon ksar, akwai ragowar wani babban katafaren granary jama'a da makabartar musulmi, da makabartar Yahudawa .  A wajen katangar ksar akwai wurin da ake noman hatsi da sussuka . 

 Kayan gini 
Tsarin ksar an yi su ne gaba ɗaya daga cikin dunƙulewar ƙasa, adobe, tubalin yumbu, da itace. "Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou". whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2018-02-16. Rammed earth (wanda kuma aka sani da pisé, tabia, ko al-luh ) abu ne mai matukar amfani kuma mai tsada amma yana buƙatar kulawa akai-akai.   An yi shi da ƙasa da laka da aka matsa, yawanci gauraye da wasu kayan don taimakawa mannewa. Tsarin Ait Benhaddou da na sauran kasbahs da ksour a ko'ina cikin wannan yanki na Maroko yawanci suna amfani da cakuda ƙasa da bambaro, wanda ke da ɗanɗano da sauƙi kuma ruwan sama ya ruɗe.  A sakamakon haka, ƙauyuka irin wannan na iya fara rugujewa bayan ƴan shekarun da suka gabata bayan an yi watsi da su.  Jacobs, Harrison. "One of the most famous places in the world is a tiny desert town in Morocco where everything from 'Game of Thrones' to 'Gladiator' was filmed". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-04-16. A Ait Benhaddou, an yi wasu dogayen gine-gine da dunƙulewar ƙasa har zuwa benensu na farko yayin da benayen na sama an yi su da adobe mai sauƙi don rage nauyin bangon. 

 Kiyaye 
An sake dawo da ksar sosai a zamanin yau, godiya ta wani bangare saboda amfani da shi azaman wurin yin fim na Hollywood da kuma rubutunsa a cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na UNESCO a cikin 1987. UNESCO ta ba da rahoton cewa ksar ya "ƙirƙira sahihancinsa na gine-gine game da tsari da kayan aiki" ta hanyar ci gaba da yin amfani da kayan gine-gine da fasaha na gargajiya da kuma ta hanyar guje wa sababbin gine-gine. Kwamitin yanki ne ke kula da sa ido da sarrafa wurin.

 Hotunan da aka yi a Aït Benhaddou 
Yawancin fina-finai da aka yi a Maroko sun yi amfani da Aït Benhaddou a matsayin wuri, ciki har da:   Jacobs, Harrison. "One of the most famous places in the world is a tiny desert town in Morocco where everything from 'Game of Thrones' to 'Gladiator' was filmed". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-04-16.

An kuma yi amfani da Aït Benhaddou a cikin sassan jerin talabijin Game of Thrones, jerin talabijin na Brazil O Clone , The Amazing Race Australia 6 da Bankunan waje .

 Manazarta