Elaine Mokhtefi

Elaine Mokhtefi (an Haife shi a shekara ta 1928) yar fafutuka ce, Ba’amurke da Aljeriya, mai fassara, kuma marubuci. An haife shi a New York, Mokhtefi ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fassara don ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da wariyar launin fata da masu adawa da mulkin mallaka bayan ta koma Paris a cikin shekarunta ashirin. Ta goyi bayan yunkurin 'yancin kai na Aljeriya, sannan ta zauna a Aljeriya daga 1962 har zuwa lokacin da aka tilasta mata barin kasar a 1974. Tarihinta na lokacinta a can, Algiers, Babban Birnin Duniya na Uku: Masu gwagwarmayar 'Yanci, Juyin Juya Hali, Black Panthers, Verso Books ne ya buga a cikin 2018.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Elaine Mokhtefi Elaine Klein a cikin 1928 a Hempstead, New York . Iyalinta Bayahudiya ce ta boko, kuma ta bayyana yadda take fuskantar kyamar baki a duk lokacin kuruciyarta.    Iyayenta ba su kasance musamman na siyasa ba, kodayake mahaifinta a wani lokaci ya halarci taron Socialist Party, kuma ta bayyana mahaifiyarta a matsayin "musamman mai adawa da wariyar launin fata."

Lokacin da ta kai shekaru 16, ta shiga Kwalejin Wesleyan, makarantar Kirista a Jojiya . Mokhtefi ta yi tawaye ga yanayin wariya, kuma an kore ta bayan shekara guda.

Bayan ta koma New York, ta yi karatun harsuna kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar yaƙi da yaƙi da 'yan ta'adda ta United World . A shekara ta 1951, tana shekara 23, ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris daga New York ta jirgin ruwa, tafiyar da ta ɗauki kwanaki 14, kuma ta nemi aiki a wurin a matsayin mai fassara.  

 Ayyukan aiki 
Mokhtefi ya zama mai adawa da wariyar launin fata kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka tun da wuri. Ehrenreich, Ben (2018-08-11). "Algiers, Third World Capital by Elaine Mokhtefi review – Black Panthers, freedom fighters, revolutionaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-08-11. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

A shekarar 1952, bayan ta isa kasar Faransa, ta halarci faretin ranar ma'aikata ta duniya a birnin Paris, inda ta hadu da 'yan kungiyar kwadagon kasar Aljeriya. Kasancewar ta shiga cikin wannan fafutuka, ta halarci taron jama'ar Afirka baki daya a Accra, Ghana, a 1958. A can, ta sadu da Frantz Fanon da Mohamed Sahnoun . Mokhtefi ya yanke shawarar yin aiki tare da su don tallafa wa ƙungiyar 'yan tawayen Aljeriya (FLN) mai adawa da mulkin mallaka. Ta shiga Sahnoun a New York kuma ta zauna a 1960.  A New York, ta fara aiki da ofishin ƙaramar hukumar wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar Aljeriya da FLN.  Ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar New York . Ruta, Suzanne (2018-08-23). "Suzanne Ruta on Elaine Mokhtefi". Berfrois. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

Yayin da lafiyar Fanon ta ragu a cikin 1961, wanda ya kai ga mutuwarsa, Mokhtefi ya ziyarce shi akai-akai kuma yana tallafa wa iyalinsa, yana taimakawa wajen kula da dansa Olivier mai shekaru 6.

Bayan da Aljeriya ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1962, Mokhtefi ta zauna a Algiers, inda ta zauna tsawon shekaru 12. An ɗauke ta a matsayin Ba’amurke kaɗai a cikin sabuwar gwamnati kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gyara, ta ɗauki duk wani aiki da ya taso. A shekarar 1969, an dora mata alhakin shirya bikin al'adun gargajiya na Pan-African na farko a Algiers. Ta kuma taimaka wajen maraba da membobin ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da 'yanci a duk faɗin Afirka (Mozambique, Angola, Afirka ta Kudu) da membobin Black Panther na duniya zuwa Aljeriya. Musamman ma, ta taimaka wajen shirya gudun hijira na ɓoye na Eldridge Cleaver a Aljeriya bayan ya tsere daga Amurka ta hanyar Cuba. Ta kuma sadu da irin su Fidel Castro, Houari Boumédiène, Ahmed Ben Bella, da Ho Chi Minh ta hanyar aikinta.

An tilastawa Mokhtefi barin Algeria a shekara ta 1974, bayan da ya ki sanar da abokinsa a lokacin da ake gwabza fada a Algiers. Ta zauna a Paris, inda ta rayu tsawon shekaru 20 kafin ta sake komawa New York a 1994. An hana ta komawa Algeria sama da shekaru arba'in. Ehrenreich, Ben (2018-08-11). "Algiers, Third World Capital by Elaine Mokhtefi review – Black Panthers, freedom fighters, revolutionaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-08-11. Retrieved 2020-10-21.  Ruta, Suzanne (2018-08-23). "Suzanne Ruta on Elaine Mokhtefi". Berfrois. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

Yunkurin nata ya ci gaba a New York, inda ta shiga cikin ayyukan antiwar, macijin yanayi, Occupy Wall Street, da zanga-zangar goyon bayan Falasdinu. 

 Rubutu 
A lokacin da take a Aljeriya, Mokhtefi ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida na Ma'aikatar Jarida ta Aljeriya, tana ba da labarai daga duniya ta uku musamman. 

Bayan sun tafi Faransa, ita da mijinta sun rubuta littattafai da yawa kan tarihi ga matasa masu karatu. Ruta, Suzanne (2018-08-23). "Suzanne Ruta on Elaine Mokhtefi". Berfrois. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

A cikin 2018, ta buga tarihin Algiers, Babban Birnin Duniya na Uku: Masu Yancin 'Yanci, Masu Sauyi, Black Panthers . An buga shi a shekara mai zuwa a Faransa a ƙarƙashin taken Alger, capitale de la révolution: De Fanon aux Black Panthers, tare da Mokhtefi ta kammala fassarar zuwa Faransanci kanta. Hakanan an sake shi a Aljeriya a cikin 2019. Ehrenreich, Ben (2018-08-11). "Algiers, Third World Capital by Elaine Mokhtefi review – Black Panthers, freedom fighters, revolutionaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-08-11. Retrieved 2020-10-21. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Elaine Klein ta dauki sunan Elaine Mokhtefi bayan ta auri marubuci kuma tsohon memban Sojan 'Yancin Aljeriya Mokhtar Mokhtefi .  Ma'auratan sun hadu a Algiers a 1972, sannan ya shiga tare da ita lokacin da aka tilasta mata barin kasar bayan shekaru biyu. Sun zauna tare a Paris tsawon shekaru ashirin, sannan a New York na tsawon shekaru ashirin har mutuwarsa a 2015. Ruta, Suzanne (2018-08-23). "Suzanne Ruta on Elaine Mokhtefi". Berfrois. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928
Rukuni:Ƴar jarida
Rukuni:Marubuciya
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba