Hassan Gouled Aptidon

Hassan Gouled Aptidon (Oktoba 15, 1916 - Nuwamba 21,shekarar alif 2006) shine shugaban Djibouti na farko daga shekarar alif 1977 zuwa shekarar alif 1999.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haife shi a ƙauyen Gerisa a cikin gundumar Lughaya a cikin Somaliland Somaliland. An haife shi a cikin ruƙunin Mamassan mai ƙarfi na siyasa na dangin Issa. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai daga ƙasar Faransa. Hassan Gouled ya fara aikinsa a cikin shekarar alif 1930s a matsayin ma'aikacin jinya. Ya kasance a Dikhil a shekarar alif 1932. Sannan ya kasance ɗan kasuwa. A cikin shekarar alif 1946, ya kafa tare da Mahamoud Harbi Farah kungiyar matasan Somaliya da Dankali. An zaɓe su tare a shekara ta alif 1951 zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta mulkin mallaka, sannan suka rabu. An zaɓi Hassan Gouled ɗan majalisar dattawan ƙasar Faransa, yayin da Mahmoud Harbi. Ya kasance haka daga shekarar alif 1952 zuwa shekarar alif 1957. Hassan Gouled ya yi kamfen ne da Mahamoud Harbi Farah na jam'iyyar <i id="mwGA">Union Republicaine</i>, wanda ya nemi shiga yankin  da makwabciyarta Somalia. A lokacin zaɓen 23 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif 1958, jam'iyyar Mahamoud Harbi ta wargaje kuma da rinjayen kuri'un Afar, ɓangaren sa ya lashe zaɓe. Daga bisani Mahamoud Harbi ya tsere daga Djibouti, kuma daga baya ya mutu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama.I. M. Lewis, A modern history of Somalia, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 180 

Hassan Gouled ya kasance mataimakin shugaban majalisar gwamnati daga shekarar alif 1958 zuwa Afrilu shekarar alif 1959.  Hassan Gouled ya kuma yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa 1959-1962 da Majalisar Dattawan Faransa shekarar alif 1952-zuwa shekarar alif 1958. Moussa Ahmed Idriss na Jam'iyyar Popular Movement (PMP) ne ya kayar da shi a zaɓen 'yan majalisa a shekara alif 1962. A cikin shekarar alif 1960s, ya jagoranci Democratic Union Issa. Ya kasance mai sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Arta a watan Satumbar shekarar alif 1963. Sannan ya kasance ministan ilimi a gwamnatin Ali Aref Bourhan daga shekarar alif 1963 zuwa shekarar alif 1967. An ɗaure shi na ɗan lokaci a watan Yuli shekarar alif 1967, tare da wasu jami'an PMP (wanda ya shiga cikin shekarar alif 1965). An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokoki a watan Nuwamba shekarar alif 1968 kuma daga baya ya zama Ministan Cikin Gida.  Daga baya ya zama Firayim Minista na farko na Djibouti tsakanin watan Mayu shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba’in da bakwai 1977 da watan Yuli shekarar alif 1977.

 Zuwa ga 'yancin kai 
A cikin shekarar alif 1974, Hassan Gouled ya kira kuri'a tare da goyon bayan François Mitterrand. Ya zama shugaban kungiyar LPAI ta Afirka wanda aka kirkira a watan Fabrairun shekarar alif 1975 ta hanyar haɗewar kungiyar jama'ar Afirka (UPA) da League for the Future and Order. Babban sakataren shi ne Ahmed Dini.
Ya zama Shugaban Majalisar Mulki a ranar 18 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 1977 kuma Majalisar Wakilai ta zaɓe shi a matsayin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Djibouti ta gaba a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu. Ya kasance haka har shekarar alif 1999. Bayan harin da aka kai kan "Zinc Palm" a watan Disambar shekarar alif 1977, ta haramtawa babbar jam'iyyar adawa, MPL, da kafa tsarin jam'iyya ɗaya.

 Fadar shugaban ƙasa 
A cikin shekarar alif 1981, Hassan Gouled ya mayar da ƙasar zama jam'iyya ɗaya ta hanyar bayyana cewa jam'iyyarsa, People's Rally for Progress (Rassemblement populaire pour le progrès, RPP), ita ce kaɗai ta doka. A matsayinsa na ɗan takarar jam'iyyar RPP, an zaɓe shi ba tare da adawa ba na tsawon shekaru shida a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 12 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1981, inda ya samu kashi 84.58% na kuri'un da aka kaɗa."Sep 1981 - Re-election of President Hassan Gouled Aptidon - Cabinet Reorganization - Intensified Co-operation with North-East African Countries - Conclusion of Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation with Ethiopia", Keesing's Record of World Events, Volume 27, September, 1981 Djibouti, Page 31058.  Bayan fara yakin basasar Djibouti a shekarar alif 1991, ya ba da izinin gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulki kan siyasar jam'iyyu da yawa a watan Satumban 1992, tare da ba da izini ga jam'iyyu huɗu. A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki da aka gudanar a watan Disambar 1992, jam'iyyu biyu ne kawai suka fafata, kuma jam'iyyar RPP ta lashe dukkan kujeru 65 na majalisar dokokin ƙasar. An sake zaɓen Gouled a karo na huɗu a watan Mayun 1993 da kashi 60.7% na kuri'un.Elections in Djibouti , African Elections Database. 

A cikin shekarar 1990, tattalin arzikin Djibouti ya taɓarɓare matuka, inda dukiyoyin waje suka faɗi da kashi 40 cikin ɗari. Bankin Duniya ya fitar da wani kima na "madaidaicin bakin ciki da matukar damuwa", inda ya ambaci irin waɗannan matsalolin zamantakewa kamar yadda 'yan ƙasar Djibouti ke shan muggan kwayoyi masu ƙara kuzari. A cikin wannan lokaci, ɗan uwan Hassan Gouled Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, ba wai kawai ya yi dabarar zama magajinsa ba, amma yana ƙara zuwa ya kula da al'amuran dattijo Hassan Gouled. 

A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 1999, Gouled Aptidon ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yi ritaya a lokacin zaɓe na gaba, kuma babban taron jam'iyyar RPP, jam'iyyar ta zaɓi Guelleh a matsayin ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa.  Guelle ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa  da aka gudanar a watan Afrilun 1999  kuma ya gaji kawunsa a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1999.  Gouled Aptidon ya mutu a gidansa a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba 2006, yana da shekara ta alif 90. 

Matar Gouled ta farko, tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban ƙasa  Aicha Bogoreh, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da kungiyoyin agaji daban-daban, ta rasu a shekara ta 2001.   Ya auri matarsa ta biyu bayan mutuwar Bogoreh.

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 Karramawar kasashen waje 

 :
 70x70px Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (1998)

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Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006