Ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai na Afirka

Ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai na Afirka da yawa sun faru a cikin karni na 20, lokacin da aka ga guguwar gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai a yankunan Afirka da Turawa ke mulkin mallaka. WW2 ta kasance mai ingiza da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin, yayin da ta lalata daulolin mulkin mallaka da kuma yankunansu na Afirka. Yaƙin da suka yi da Jamus ya shagaltar da masu mulkin mallaka, don haka ba su da lokaci da albarkatu da suka sadaukar da mulkinsu, wanda hakan ya raunana tasirinsu.

Bayan WW2, Teddy Roosevelt da Winston Churchill sun gabatar da Yarjejeniya ta Atlantika, wadda ta bayyana cewa Amurka da Birtaniyya za su mutunta ‘yancin dukan al’umma na zabar tsarin gwamnati da za su yi rayuwa a karkashinta. An kuma kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma an bukaci kasashen da suka yi mulkin mallaka su rika bayar da rahotannin duk shekara a yankunansu, kuma ta bai wa ‘yan Afirka damar zayyana korafe-korafensu. Ƙarshen WW2 kuma ya ga koma bayan Biritaniya da Faransa, da haɓakar Amurka da USSR, waɗanda ba su goyi bayan ƙasashen turai masu mulkin mallaka na ketare.Myrice, Erin (2015). ""The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa"". Bowling Green State University.

Fitattun ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai sun faru:

•Algeria (tsohuwar Aljeriyar Faransa), duba Yaƙin Aljeriya

•Angola (tsohon Portuguese Angola), duba Yaƙin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na Portugal

•Guinea-Bissau (tsohuwar Guinea ta Portugal), duba Yaƙin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na Portugal

•Madagascar (duba tashin hankalin Malagasy)

•Mozambique (tsohon Fotigal Mozambique), duba Yaƙin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na Portugal

•Namibiya (tsohuwar Afirka ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka) da Afirka ta Kudu, duba Yaƙin yancin kai na •Namibiya da Yaƙin kan iyaka na Afirka ta Kudu

Don jerin sunayen ƙasashen Afirka da suka sami 'yancin kai, duba Decolonization of Africa.

 Yankunan Burtaniya na ketare 

 Birtaniya Kenya 
Manyan labarai: Tashin Mau Mau da Kenya na Burtaniya

Kasar Kenya karkashin mulkin Birtaniya ita ce wurin tawaye daga 1952 zuwa 1960, rikicin da ‘yan tawayen Kenya suka yi wa mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Mambobin kabilar Kikuyu ne suka kafa tushen tawayen, tare da wasu ’yan kabilar Embu da Meru.

 Yankunan Faransa na ketare 

 Faransa Aljeriya 
Manyan labarai: Yaƙin Aljeriya da Aljeriya na Faransa

 Mulkin Aljeriya 
Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a Aljeriya ya fara ne a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1830, lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka isa wani gari na bakin teku, Sidi Ferruch. Sojojin ba su gamu da tsayin daka ba, kuma a cikin makonni 3, an ayyana mamayar a hukumance a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1830. Bayan shekara guda na mamayar fiye da Turawa 3,000 (mafi yawa Faransanci) sun isa a shirye don fara kasuwanci da neman fili. Dangane da mamayar Faransa, an zabi Amir Abd Al-Qadir a matsayin jagoran gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 1832, Abd Al-Qadir ya bayyana cewa, ba da son rai ya karbi wannan mukamin ba, amma yana ganin yin aiki a wannan matsayi ya zama wajibi domin kare kasar daga abokan gaba (Faransa). Abd Al-Qadir ya shelanta yaki da Faransa a matsayin jihadi mai adawa da ‘yantowa. Yunkurin Abd Al-Qadir ya bambanta da sauran ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai domin babban kira zuwa aiki shi ne ga Musulunci maimakon kishin ƙasa. Abd Al-Qadir ya yi yaƙi da Faransa kusan shekaru ashirin, amma ya sha kaye a lokacin da ’yan’uwan Tijjaniyya suka amince da su miƙa wuya ga mulkin Faransa matuƙar “an ba su damar gudanar da ayyukan addininsu cikin ‘yanci, kuma ana mutunta mutuncin matansu da ‘ya’yansu mata. A shekara ta 1847 Abd Al-Qadir ya sha kaye, sannan kuma akwai wasu yunkuri na juriya amma babu wani daga cikinsu da ya kai girman ko wani tasiri a kwatance. Saboda rashin ingantaccen tsari mai mahimmanci, musulmin Aljeriya "sun koma ga juriya ko murabus, suna jiran sabbin damammaki," wanda ya samo asali daga sauye-sauyen siyasa na duniya saboda yakin duniya na daya.Alghailani, Said Ali (2002). Islam and the French Decolonization of Algeria: The Role of the Algerian Ulama, 1919–1940 (Thesis). OCLC 52840779.

Yayin da aka fara yakin duniya na daya, jami'ai sun tattauna batun shigar da matasan Aljeriya cikin soja don yakar Faransa, amma an samu 'yan adawa. Turawa mazauna Turai sun damu da cewa idan Aljeriya sun yi aikin soja, to wadancan Aljeriyan za su so lada saboda hidimarsu da neman hakkin siyasa (Alghailani). Duk da adawar da gwamnatin Faransa ta yi, gwamnatin Faransa ta sanya matasa 'yan Algeria shiga cikin sojojin Faransa don yakin duniya na daya. Tun da yawancin Aljeriya sun yi yaƙi a matsayin sojojin Faransa a lokacin yaƙin duniya na ɗaya, kamar yadda Turawa suka yi zato, Musulmi Aljeriya suna son haƙƙin siyasa bayan sun shiga yaƙin. Musulman Aljeriya sun ji rashin adalci ne cewa kuri'unsu ba ta kai na sauran Aljeriya ba (yawan mazauna) musamman bayan 1947 lokacin da aka kafa Majalisar Aljeriya. Wannan majalisa ta ƙunshi mambobi 120. Musulman Aljeriya wadanda ke wakiltar kusan mutane miliyan 9 na iya nada kashi 50% na mambobin majalisar yayin da 900,000 wadanda ba musulmi ba za su iya nada sauran rabin.Connelly, Matthew (2001). "Rethinking the Cold War and Decolonization: The Grand Strategy of the Algerian War for Independence". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 33 (2): 221–245. doi:10.1017/S0020743801002033. S2CID 203337150.

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