Stephen Oluwole Awokoya

Stephen Oluwole Awokoya  (1913–1985) tsohon ministan ilimi ne a tsohuwar yankin yammacin Najeriya. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu tsara manufofin kishin kasa don bunkasa karatun boko a Najeriya a shekarun 1950.Milton Krieger, 'Education and Development in Western Nigeria: The Legacy of S. O. Awokoya, 1952-1955', The International Journal of African Historical Studies > Vol. 20, No. 4 (1987) An ba shi kyautar ne don ƙirƙirar ilimin firamare na duniya a Yammacin Najeriya.

 Rayuwar farko 
Awokoya ya halarci kwalejin ilimi mai zurfi ta Yaba a matsayin daya daga cikin rukunin farko na daliban makarantar. Bayan ya kammala karatunsa a Yaba, ya zabi aikin koyarwa. Ya kasance malami a St Andrews College, Oyo da kuma Abeokuta Grammar School. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ya zama shugaban makarantar Molusi College, Ijebu Igbo. Kwalejin aiki ne da al'umma suka amince da ita amma tana da adawa tsakanin jami'ai a hukumar ilimi. Sai dai al’ummar yankin sun hada baki suka bude makarantar a shekarar 1949. Bayan da Awokoya ya fita zuwa majalisar dokokin yamma, sai aka zabi sabon shugaban makarantar, Tai Solarin, domin ya jagoranci makarantar.A. Ade. Adeyinka, Local Community Efforts in the Development of Secondary Grammar School Education in the Western State of Nigeria, 1925-1955, The Journal of Negro Education. Vol. 45, No. 3 (Summer, 1976) A tsakanin, ya tafi Birtaniya kuma ya sami digiri na BSc a Jami'ar London. Yayin da yake Landan, ya shaku da ɗaliban Afirka waɗanda suke ganin ilimi da kishin ƙasa a matsayin ra'ayoyi masu haɗaka.

 Siyasa 
A lokacin mulkin mallaka, gyaran da gwamna Sir John Macpherson ya yi na majalisa, ya ba da dama ga mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar a shekara ta 1951. Awokoya ya shiga siyasa kuma a 1952 ya zama ministan ilimi. A watan Yulin 1952, matsayinsa kan ilimi ya zama bainar jama'a lokacin da ya gabatar da farar takarda don ilimin firamare na bai-daya kyauta kuma wajibi, rahoton ya kasance mai cike da cika alkawuran zaben kungiyar Action Group. A yau akwai tambayoyi game da rawar da ya taka wajen tsara manufofin.Krieger (1987)p 5 Ko da yake, ba a jayayya game da muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka na ɗaya daga cikin manyan madogaran manufofin ilimi. Da'awar cewa shi ne jagoran gine-ginen ya haifar da wasu gardama da ke tabbatar da akasin haka.

 Cikakken ilimi 
Awokoya da Action Group cikakken tsarin kula da ilimi, musamman gabatar da manufofin 'yan asali, ba shine na farko ba a Afirka ta mulkin mallaka. Ghana, wanda a lokacin ake kiransa Gold Coast, yana da ci gaba a cikin ci gaban da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai, wanda shine jigon manufofin ilimi na Awokoya.Krieger (1987)p 1 A cikin 1951, Nkrumah da ministan ilimi a Ghana sun gabatar da wani ingantaccen tsarin ci gaban ƴan asalin ƙasar don ilimi, wanda ya haɗa da ilimin firamare na duniya ba tare da kuɗi ba, kama da tunanin Awokoya. Hanyar Awokoya game da ilimi ita ce ta kasance ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun tsari da tsarin yada ilimi amma yakamata ya gabatar da ƙarin hanyoyin da ra'ayoyi na asali. Ya kuma nemi tsarin ilimi mai hanawa. Ya kai hari kan abin da ya ke jin shi ne dalilin farko na ilimin mulkin mallaka: don takaita tunanin ’yan asalin Afirka wajen samun nasarori a kimiyya da fasaha da kuma sanya musu ribar noma da noma. Ya ji cewa, sakamakon ya haifar da dogaro ga shigo da kayayyaki, ba tare da wani tushe ba don bunƙasa masana'antu da kuma taƙaita 'yan Afirka na gargajiya ga tushen ilimi da samarwa. Manufar Awokoya ita ce ta mayar da ilimi wani abin da ya dace don samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida, haɓakawa da samun ilimin kimiyya da fasaha na zamani da kuma ɗaga hankali da ruhin 'yan Afirka. Wani muhimmin ma'auni na manufar shi ne kuma samar da ƴan asalin ƙasar da za su iya gudanar da sassa daban-daban na gudanarwa na yanki, yanki da na tsakiya. Awokoya ya kuma kalubalanci rinjayen maza a fannin ilimi; a lokacin rabon ya kai kusan 4:1.

Yawancin manufofin ilimi na wannan zamani sun haifar da ninka manyan fihirisa da suka haɗa da kasafin kuɗi ga ilimi. Shiga makarantun firamare da adadin malamai da makarantun firamare duk sun nuna ci gaba sosai.James Turner, 'Universal Education and Nation-Building in Africa', Journal of Black Studies > Vol. 2, No. 1 (Sep., 1971), pp. 8-11

 Bayan ayyukan ministoci 
Ya bar mukaminsa na minista ne bayan gardama da Obafemi Awolowo game da tallafin ilimi; Awokoya ya so UPE kyauta yayin da Awolowo ya nuna shakku. Haka nan duka mutanen biyu suna fafutukar ganin an amince da su a matsayin mafarin ilimin firamare na duniyaKrieger (1987)p 10. Ya kafa jam’iyyarsa ta Najeriya, amma bai samu karbuwa a wajen jama’a ba.

Manufofinsa sun sami rabonsu na masu suka. Da yawa sun yi tir da gazawar ilimin firamare na duniya. Yawancin sukar sun jawo yunkurin mayar da shirin kasa kasa, wanda ya kawo asarar sama da kashi 35% na kasafin kudin tarayya, da karuwar rashin aikin yi da rashin aikin yi, da sassauta matakan ilimi.

 Manazarta 

Category:Haifaffun  1913
Category:Mutuwan  1985