Yaƙin Shangi

Yakin Shangi wani rikici ne na kan iyaka da aka yi a watan Yulin 1896 tsakanin sojojin Jamhuriyar 'Yancin Kwango da Masarautar Ruwanda. Wani balaguro na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da 'yan  mulkin mallaka da Leopold II na Belgium ke iko da shi, a baya ya shiga yankin Ruwanda ya kafa sansani a Shangi, kai tsaye yana ƙalubalantar mulkin Sarkin Ruwanda Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa a kan iyakokinsa. A martanin da kotun Rwanda ta mayar, ta aike da dakaru mai yawa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Yarima Nshozamihigo da gogaggun kwamandoji guda biyu Bisangwa da Muhigirwa domin su kori sojojin Kongo. Ko da yake 'yan Rwanda sun sha caje sansanin Shangi, suna amfani da mashi da bakuna, amma sojojin Belgian-Congo sun sha kashi a hannun sojojin Belgian-Congo waɗanda ke da damar yin amfani da bindigogi na zamani kuma suna da tushe. Bayan da kwamandan 'yan tawayen Congo Constantin Sandrart da kansa ya harbe Bisangwa, sojojin Rwanda sun ja da baya.

Duk da nasarar da Kongo Free State ta samu, ba da daɗewa ba aka watsar da muƙamin Shangi saboda matsaloli a cikin Kongo Basin. Ko ta yaya, yakin Shangi ya kasance bala'i na siyasa ga masarautar Ruwanda, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga hambarar da Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa daga ƙarshe da kuma amincewa da kotu ta amince da mulkin Jamus. Daga baya Masarautar Jamus ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da tsaron iyakar yammacin Ruwanda, inda ta kafa sabon sansani a Shangi tare da kare yankin daga ci gaba da kutsawa Belgian da Kongo.

 Fage 
alt=Map of the region around the African Great Lakes, depicting the borders and extent of various states. Rwanda is one of the largest visible kingdoms.|left|thumb| Masarautar Manyan Tafkunan Afirka,  1880. Rwanda tana da alamar orange.
A cikin ƙarni na 19, yankin manyan tabkuna na Afirka ya shafi duka biyun da faɗaɗa masarautu na asali da kuma zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka. A taron Berlin, yawancin ƙasashen Afirka an sanya su zuwa ƙasashen Turai daban-daban ba tare da sanin ko amincewar 'yan Afirka ba. A matsayin wani ɓangare na waɗannan shawarwarin, an ba da wani yanki a gabashin Afirka ga Daular Jamus,  yayin da babban Basin Kongo da ke gaba da yamma ya zama "Ƙasar Kongo Free State", masarautar mai zaman kanta ta Sarkin Belgium Leopold II. Wannan na baya-bayan nan ya yi amfani da yankinsa ba tare da tausayi ba tare da taimakon sojojin mulkin mallaka, wanda ake kira Force Publique.  Da yake turawa ba su da ilimi kaɗan kuma ba tare da kasancewarsu a yankin manyan tafkunan Afirka a lokacin ba, da farko dai ba a fayyace ainihin iyakokin da ke tsakanin ƙasashen Jamus da jihar Leopold II ba. Wata ƙasa ta asali dake cikin wannan yankin kan iyaka ita ce Ruwanda. 

Masarautar Ruwanda ta kasance tsohuwar ƙasa ce mai faɗuwa ƙarƙashin jagorancin dangin sarki kuma ƴan ƙabilar Tutsi. Masarautar ta yi amfani da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Hutu da Twa don ba da kuɗin yaƙin cin nasara.  Ruwanda ta girma sosai a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Sarki Kigeli IV Rwabugiri wanda ya ci wasu ƙananan masarautu.  Ya karfafa rundunar sojoji ta hanyar ɓullo da tsarin shiga aikin soja, tare da duk wani balagaggu na jiharsa da ya cancanci a yi masa aiki, ya horar da su da baka, da jala, da takuba, da garkuwa, sannan ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da dama a rukunin sojoji.  Don gujewa gwagwarmayar maye bayan mutuwarsa, Kigeli IV Rwabugiri kuma ya zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin ƴaƴansa manya, Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa, a matsayin magaji kuma ya naɗa shi  a cikin shekarar 1889. A bisa al'adar ƙasar Rwanda, an kuma naɗa "Sarauniya Uwar" bisa ga al'ada lokacin da wani sabon sarki ya karɓi mulki. Da yake mahaifiyar Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa ta riga ta mutu, Kigeli IV Rwabugiri ya naɗa matar da ya fi so, Kanjogera, a matsayin Uwar Sarauniya ga Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa.  Wannan zaɓi ne mai cike da cece-kuce, domin Kanjogera ya kasance ɗan ƙabilar Bega ne kuma yana da ƙaramin yaro wanda ya cancanci ya gaji sarauta; da waɗannan halaye guda biyu ya kamata su sanya Kanjogera ba ta cancanci muƙamin Sarauniya ba. A zaɓar ta, Kigeli IV Rwabugiri ya yi watsi da al'adu da masu ba da shawara da suka damu, mai yiwuwa ya motsa shi ta hanyar ƙaunarsa ga Kanjogera da / ko imani cewa zai iya faranta wa Bega mai iko ta hanyar haɗa su da sabon sarki ba tare da ba su cikakken iko ba. 

Kigeli IV Rwabugiri ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga rashin lafiya a ƙarshen 1895, ko dai a farkon ko kuma a lokacin balaguron soji a kan Bushi da ke yammacin tafkin Kivu (gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango a yau).   Ta haka ne Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa ya zama sarki kaɗai, kuma da farko miƙa mulki ya bayyana a hankali. A hakikanin gaskiya, wani ɓangare da Bega ke jagoranta da ke kewaye da Sarauniyar Uwar Kanjogera da kuma ’yan uwanta masu fada a ji Kabare da Ruhinankiko sun riga sun shirya shirin kwace mulki a siyasance.  Matukar dai matashin sarki ya umurci sojojinsa masu karfin faɗa aji, musamman rundunonin sojoji masu aminci irin su Bisangwa, Mugugu, da Muhigirwa, ya kasance cikin koshin lafiya. Muhigirwa ya buƙaci Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa da ya yi amfani da karfin soji wajen wanke ɓangaren Bega a kotu, amma sarkin yaki amincewa.  

 Manazarta