Mutanen Zaghawa

Kabilar Zaghawa, wadda kuma ake kira Beri ko Zakhawa, ƙabila ce da ke zaune a kudu maso yammacin Libya, arewa maso gabashin Chadi, da yammacin Sudan, ciki har da Darfur.John A. Shoup III (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-1-59884-363-7.

Zaghawas yana magana da yaren Zaghawa, wanda harshen sahara ne na gabas. Makiyaya ne, kuma wani nau’in tunkiya da suke kiwo Larabawa ne ake kira Zaghawa. Makiyaya ne kuma suna samun yawancin rayuwarsu ta hanyar kiwon shanu, rakuma da tumaki da girbin hatsin daji. An kiyasta cewa akwai mutane 384,150 da ke cikin kabilar Zaghawa.Chad". 29 August 2023

 Sunaye 
Tarihin sarauta na Daular Kanem-Bornu, Girgam, yana nufin mutanen Zaghawa a matsayin Duguwa. A yau, Zaghawa suna kiran kansu a matsayin Beri, yayin da masu jin harshen Larabci da adabi ke kiran su da "Zaghawa". A cikin wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi kabilun Afirka, kalmar Beri (wani lokaci Kegi) ya haɗa da mutanen Zaghawas, Bideyat, da Bertis, kowannensu ya taru a sassa daban-daban na Chadi, Sudan da Libya.

 Tarihi 
Farkon ambaton Zaghawa da aka rubuta ya fito ne daga wani masanin al'adun Larabawa na karni na 9 Ya'qubi, wanda ya rubuta game da su a matsayin "Zaghawa da ke zaune a wani wuri da ake kira Kanem", kuma ya ci gaba da lissafa wasu masarautu da ke karkashin mulkin Zaghawa.John A. Shoup III (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-1-59884-363-7. A tarihi, al'ummar Zaghawa sun kasance suna da irin wannan sarauta a kan mafi yawan ƙananan al'ummomi da suka shimfiɗa tare da Sahel tsakanin tafkin Chadi zuwa masarautun kwarin Nilu na Nubia, Makuria da Alwa.

Mutanen Zaghawa suna kasuwanci da yankin Nilu da yankin Maghreb a karni na farko. Nassoshi na farko game da su a cikin litattafai na ƙarni na 8 an yi su tare da mutanen Toubou na arewacin Chadi da kudancin Libya, kuma masana sun yi imanin cewa biyun kabilu ne masu dangantaka. Nassosin karni na 11 sun ambaci cewa sarakunan daular Zaghawa sun karbi Musulunci, kuma a kalla musulmi ne.J. D. Fage; Roland Oliver (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 287–289. ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6.

Bayanan Larabci na farko sun bayyana Zaghawa a matsayin “Bakar fata makiyaya”. Masanin labarin kasa na karni na 12 Muhammad al-Idrisi da kuma Yaqut al-Hamawi na karni na 13 sun bayyana tasirin Zaghawa a kusa da tsarin da ke kan gabar teku kuma ya ambaci garuruwan Kanem, Manan da Anjimi.

Sai dai ibn Sa’id al-Maghribi ya rubuta a shekara ta 1270. ya bayyana cewa Manan shi ne babban birnin masarautar Kanem har sai da sarakunan daular Sayfawa suka musulunta, suka mamaye yankin, daga nan kuma babban birnin ya koma Njimi. Zaghawa sun ci gaba da zama a garin Manan, in ji ibn Said. Bayanan Kanem ba su ambaci Zaghawa ba, kuma da alama an yi gudun hijira sannan suka koma yankin da ake samun su a halin yanzu. Ana kiran wannan yanki Dar Zaghawa, ko kuma “ƙasar Zaghawa”.

Ko da yake an karye ikon Zaghawa sakamakon hawan Kanem a yankin tafkin Chadi, Zaghawa ya ci gaba da rike wani yanki mai yawa na yankunan da ke gabashin Kanem, kuma a karshen karni na 14 ne masanin tarihi na Sultan Mamluk Sultanate kuma masanin al-Maqrizi ya ambaci Darfur a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta. Bayan hawan Darfur da Daular Kanem-Bornu, da alama Zaghawa sun mallaki yankunan hamada ne kawai kuma sun daina zama babbar yankin yankin.Philip M. Peek; Kwesi Yankah (2004). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 59–61. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3.

 Manazarta 

Category: Kabilu a Afrika