Hamid Idris Awate

Hamid Idris Awate (10 Afrilu 1910 - 28 ga Mayu 1962) ɗan juyin juya halin Eritrea ne kuma fitaccen kwamandan ƴan tawaye, kuma alama ce ta Yaƙin neman ƴancin kai da gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai na Eritriya.

 Rayuwar farko a Italiyanci Eritrea 
An haifi Awate a shekara ta 1910 a Gerset, dake tsakanin Tessenei da Golluj a kudu maso yammacin ƙasar Italiya. Mahaifinsa, Baƙauye, ya horar da shi tun yana ƙuruciya ta hanyar amfani da bindigogi. Hamid ɗan ƙabilar Beni-Amer ne.  

A shekara ta 1935, Italiya ta tura Hamid aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka na Eritrea Ascari. Bayan yaren Larabci, Tigre, Tigrinya, Nara, Hedareb, da Kunama, Hamid ya koyi yaren Italiyanci sosai cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci kuma an tura shi Roma don yin kwas na leken asirin soja. 

Bayan ya dawo daga Italiya, an naɗa shi a matsayin jami'in tsaro a yammacin Eritrea. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban (Magajin Garin) na birnin Kassala (Sudan) da kewaye a lokacin da Italiya ta mamaye wannan birni a shekarar 1940/1941 a farkon yakin duniya na biyu.  A matsayinsa na Magajin Garin Kassala, ya ciyar da ƙungiyar siyasa ta wannan birni zuwa ƙasarsa, Eritriya, amma hare-haren da aka kai a ƙarshen Janairu watan 1941 ya tilasta masa yin watsi da shi.

Ya yi yaki a matsayin ɗan Eritrea ascari a yakin Keren a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ya shiga yakin neman zaɓen Italiya da aka yi a Eritiriya da sojojin kawance tare da sojojin dawakai na Ali Gabre.

Bayan da aka kori Italiya gaba ɗaya daga Eritriya, Hamid ya zauna a yammacin Eritrea amma daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sojoji 50 ya kuma fara kai farmaki kan ƙabilar Kunama da Nara daga shekarun 1942 zuwa 1948. Ayyukansa sun jawo hankalin hukumomin Biritaniya, waɗanda suka ba da kyauta mai yawa don kama shi, a mace ko a raye. Bayan haka, Hamid da kungiyarsa ɗauke da makamai sun miƙa wuya ga ƙasar Burtaniya a shekarar 1951 bayan sun amince ba za su gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya ba. 

 Tawaye ga Habasha 
A shekara ta 1958 wasu gungun 'yan gudun hijirar Eritriya a birnin Alkahira suka kafa kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta Eritrea ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hamid.Ofcansky, TP Berry, L (2004) Ethiopia, a country study, Kessinger Publishing, P69 

A cikin watan Yulin 1960, a birnin Alkahira, gungun matasa ɗalibai da hazikai na ƙasar Eritrea sun gudanar da taro inda suka kafa kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta Eritrea (ELF). Kungiyar ta kunshi mutane kamar haka: Idris Mohammed Adem (shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar Eritrea); Idris Osman Galaydos (wanda ya kammala karatun lauya a jami'ar Alkahira); Mohammed Saleh Hummed (wanda ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Alkahira); Said Hussian (ɗalibi na Jami'ar Al-Az'har da ke birnin Alkahira); Adem Mohammed Akte (wanda ya kammala digiri a Jami'ar Alkahira) da Taha Mohammed Noor (wacce ta kammala digiri daga Italiya)

A can gida hukumomin Eritiriya sun yi shakkun motsi da ayyukan Hamid kuma suna sa ido a kai. Jami'an 'yan sandan Eritrea sun shirya kama Hamid a ƙauyensa a watan Agustan 1961. Turki ya yi bayanin cewa ‘yan Habashan sun jibge jami’an ‘yan sanda da dama amma wani musulmi ɗan ƙasar Eritiriya a cikin ‘yan sandan Eritrea ya sanar da Hamid tun da farko wannan shirin. Daga nan Hamid ya gudu zuwa Dutsen Adal dake yammacin Agordat.

Hamid ya yanke shawarar fara tirjiya da makami ne bayan dogon tattaunawa da sauran musulmi. A wata hira da Eritriya Al-haditha, fitowa ta #75, shekara ta biyu, majagaba Mohammed Al-Hassan Dohen, abokin Hamid da kuma mataimakin Hamid na daɗewa a lokacin yana hakimin gundumar, ya ce: "A cikin shekara ta 1960, Idris Mohammed Adem ya aika da sako zuwa ga Hamid. Hamid Awate ya gaya mani cewa Idris Mohammed Adem yana rokonsa ya bayyana gwagwarmayar makamai bayan watanni hudu; Da’ud ya zo ya nemi Hamid ya shelanta juyin juya halin Musulunci ya amince da ya jagoranci gwagwarmaya da shelanta juyin juya hali amma ya nemi kuɗi  da makami matukar dai ya yi ƙaurin suna a kan Haram. Bugu da ƙari Ibrahim Mohammed Ali ya kawo bindigu guda biyu.

A ranar 1 ga watan Satumban 1961, mayaƙa goma sha ɗaya na 'yanci ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hamid sun kai hari kan ofisoshin 'yan sanda a yammacin Eritrea sun haɗa da ɗaya a Dutsen Adal. An gwabza ƙazamin faɗa tsakanin jami'an 'yan sandan Hamid da na Eritiriya, inda aka kwashe mintuna 30 ana gwabzawa.

 Mutuwa 
A ranar 27 ga watan Mayu 1962, Awate ya gaya wa sashinsa cewa ba ya jin daɗi. Yanayinsa ya fara lalacewa da sauri. An ce Awate ya kira majagaba Kiboob Hajaj ya ba shi bindigar da yake so yana mai jaddada ci gaban juyin juya hali. Washe gari Awate ya rasu; Sahabbai sun binne shi a asirce kuma ba su bayyana rasuwarsa ba sai bayan shekaru huɗu.

Gwamnatin Eritrea ta gina wani mutum-mutumi a ranar 1 ga watan Satumbar 1994 a wurin kabarinsa. 

Har ma a Italiya Hamid ƙungiyoyin Italo-Eritrea ne ke bikin.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba