Seretse Khama

Sir Seretse Goitsebeng Maphiri Khama, GCB, KBE (1 Yuli 1921) – 13 Yuli 1980) ɗan siyasan Motswana ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasar Botswana na farko, muƙamin da ya riƙe daga shekarun 1966 zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1980.   

An haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta mai tasiri na abin da yake a lokacin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya na Bechuanaland, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a makwabciyar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu Ramsay, Jeff (1 July 2021). "Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 May 2022. sannan kuma a Birtaniya.  A lokacin da yake Biritaniya ya auri wata 'yar ƙasar Ingila mai suna Ruth Williams, matakin da gwamnatin 'yan tsirarun fararen fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi adawa da shi, lamarin da ya haifar da cece-kuce da ya sa gwamnatin Birtaniya ta sa ya zauna a Ingila yana gudun hijira don kada dangantakarsu ta yi tsami tsakanin Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu.

Bayan ƙarshen gudun hijira, Khama ya jagoranci yunkurin yaƙin 'yancin kai na ƙasar sa da kuma miƙa mulki daga turawan Ingila zuwa wata ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. Ya kafa jam'iyyar Democratic Party ta Botswana a shekarar 1962 kuma ya zama Firayim Minista a shekarar 1965. A cikin shekarar 1966, Botswana ta sami 'yancin kai kuma aka zaɓi Khama a matsayin shugabanta na farko.  A lokacin shugabancinsa, ƙasar ta samu ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa cikin sauri.  Khama ya kasance shugaban ƙasa har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1980, kuma Quett Masire ya gaje shi. Ɗansa, Ian Khama, ya zama shugaban ƙasar Botswana na huɗu daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2018. 

 Yarantaka da ilimi 
An haifi Seretse Khama a shekara ta 1921 a Serowe, a cikin yankin da ake kira Bechuanaland Protectorate. Shi ɗa ne ga Sarauniya Tebogo da Sekgoma Khama II, babban sarki na dangin Bamangwato na Tswana, kuma jikan Khama III, sarkinsu. Sunan Seretse na nufin "laka mai ɗaure".  An ba shi suna ne don murnar sulhun da mahaifinsa da kakansa suka yi kwanan nan; wannan sulhun ya tabbatar da hawan Seretse kan ƙaragar mulki tare da mutuwar mahaifinsa da ya tsufa a shekara ta 1925. Yana da shekaru 4, Seretse ya zama kgosi (sarki), tare da kawunsa Tshekedi Khama a matsayin mai mulki da waliyyinsa.

Bayan samun ilimi a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Tiger Kloof a Afirka ta Kudu, Khama ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'ar Fort Hare a can, inda ya kammala karatunsa na BA a shekarar 1944. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila kuma ya yi karatu na tsawon shekara a Balliol College, Oxford. Daga baya ya shiga Haikali na ciki a Landan a cikin shekarar 1946, don yin karatu don zama barrister. 

 Aure da gudun hijira 
A cikin watan Yuni 1947, Khama ya haɗu da Ruth Williams, ma'aikaciyar Ingilishi a Lloyd's na London. Ramsay, Jeff (1 July 2021). "Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 May 2022. Bayan shekara guda suna zawarcinsu, suka yi aure. Auren ƙabilu ya haifar da tashin hankali,  yana tsoratar da Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu, wacce ta kafa wariyar launin fata na shari'a (rarrabuwar ƙabilu), da kuma dattawan ƙabilu na Bamangwato, waɗanda suka fusata bai zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin matansu ba.

Da aka sanar da ɗaurin auren, kawun Khama Tshekedi Khama ya buƙaci ya koma Bechuanaland tare da raba auren. Ramsay, Jeff (1 July 2021). "Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 May 2022. Khama ya koma Serowe. Bayan jerin kgotlas (taron jama'a), dattawa sun sake tabbatar da shi a matsayinsa na kgosi a shekarar 1949. Ruth Williams Khama, tafiya tare da sabon mijinta, ya zama sananne irin wannan. Ya yarda da shan kaye, Tshekedi Khama ya bar ajiyar Bamangwato don gudun hijira na son rai a cikin Bakwena Reserve yayin da Khama ya koma London don kammala karatunsa.   

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921