Cin hanci da rashawa a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

Cin hanci da rashawa a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya yana da alaƙa da rashin ci gaba, raguwa, da talauci mai yawa a kasar. Matsayi na 149 daga cikin kasashe 180 a kan Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, yawancin albarkatun kasa na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya sun kasa fassara zuwa wadatar tattalin arziki saboda maye gurbin gwamnatoci marasa inganci.

 Rashin mulki 
David Dacko ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar na farko bayan Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1960. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ya kore shi a lokacin Juyin mulkin Saint-Sylvestre . Gwamnatin CAR tun daga lokacin ta yi aiki bisa ga burin kansa na Bokassa. Ya yi mulki ta hanyar karɓar iko, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama dole don ci gaba. Daga baya zai kafa Daular Afirka ta Tsakiya, ya kafa kansa a matsayin sarki.

Bokassa ya mallaki kasar na tsawon shekaru goma sha ɗaya har sai an tsige shi a juyin mulki na 1979. Gwamnatinsa ta kasance alama ce ta nepotism, rikice-rikice, da cin hanci da rashawa. Ana iya nuna yanayin al'amuran kasar a cikin dalilin juyin mulkin soja wanda ya haifar da hambarar da shi. Wani asusun ya nuna cewa ban da cin hanci da rashawa, wanda shine daya daga cikin dalilan da aka ambata a hukumance don juyin mulkin, akwai korafi mai yawa tsakanin ƙananan jami'ai da matsayi da fayil game da rashin daidaito daga 'yan siyasa, waɗanda suka sami damar samun mafi kyawun masoya a Bangui.

Har ila yau, mulkin Bokassa ya kasance alama ce ta zalunci na adawar siyasa da kuma mummunar cin zarafin 'Yancin ɗan adam. Alal misali, ya kashe Ministan Jiha, Kyaftin Alexander Banza, bayan jami'in ya jagoranci juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba. An yi masa mummunan rauni a cikin kisan jama'a. Bokassa kuma da kansa ya shiga cikin kisan kiyashi na yara 100 na makaranta, wanda mambobin tsaron mulkinsa suka gudanar. Wannan lamarin ya haifar da sa hannun sojojin Faransa wanda ya sake kafa jamhuriya. An sake dawo da Dacko a matsayin shugaban kasa bayan Bokassa ya tsere daga kasar a shekarar 1979.

Cin hanci da rashawa ya ci gaba a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya bayan faduwar Bokassa. Abubuwan da aka lura sun haɗa da zargin cin hanci da rashawa da cin hanci na kudi a ƙarƙashin mulkin André Kolingba. An zarge shi da sata daga asusun ajiyar ƙasa don biyan kuɗin kansa da kuma kula da matsayinsa.[1] Wanda ya gaje shi, Ange-Félix Patassé, ya kuma bar gado na kabilanci saboda zargin kabilanci da kabilanci wanda gwamnatinsa ta ci gaba.[2] Cin hanci da rashawa ita ce babbar matsalar da François Bozizé ya fuskanci juyin mulkin soja da yawa. Misali, Bozizé, wanda ya zo mulki a shekara ta 2003, yana da hannu a cikin hawan albarkatun kasa ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar lu'u-lu'u da katako. Gajeren lokacin magajinsa, Michel Djotodia, ya lalace ta hanyar cin hanci da rashawa. An zargi mulkinsa da satar dukiyar jihar ban da ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa daban-daban.

Gwagwarmayar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR) da ke ci gaba da cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ya nuna ta hanyar abubuwan kunya da yawa tun bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya hana ci gaban tattalin arziki, kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, da kuma zamantakewa. Duk da wadataccen albarkatun kasa kamar lu'u-lu'u, zinariya, da uranium, cin hanci da rashawa tsakanin manyan 'yan siyasa da jami'an gwamnati ya haifar da mummunan GDP na dala biliyan 2.52 kawai. Wannan adadi ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da aikin tattalin arziki na Rwanda, wata ƙasa mai yawan jama'a tare da karancin albarkatun kasa, wanda a cewar Bankin Duniya, ya sami GDP na dala biliyan 11 a shekarar 2021.

 Gyaran yaki da cin hanci da rashawa 
Don magance cin hanci da rashawa, CAR ta dauki matakan yaki da cin hanci. A shekara ta 2006, kasar ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Cin Hanci da rashawa kuma wannan ya haifar da aikata laifuka na cin hanci da rashi. A shekara ta 2017, an kuma kafa Babban Hukumomi don Gudanarwa Mai Kyau kuma an ba shi izini don inganta kyakkyawan shugabanci. Dangane da nuna gaskiya, tsarin mulki na CAR na yanzu yana buƙatar Shugaban kasa, Firayim Minista, da jami'an gwamnati su bayyana kadarorinsu. Daga cikin matakan da aka gabatar don cimma sauye-sauye, CAR har yanzu tana fama da cin hanci da rashawa saboda rashin ƙarfi na tsarin mulki don cin hanci. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin tsarin mulki wanda ke aikata laifuka da cin hanci da rashawa kuma yana samar da daidaito da rarraba albarkatu. Akwai batun Babban Hukumomi don Gudanarwa Mai Kyau. Ayyukan wannan hukumar sun lalace ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi na shari'a na CAR, wanda ke watsi da shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa.

 Matsayi na kasa da kasa 
A cikin Ƙididdigar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Gaskiya ta Duniya ta 2024, CAR ta zira kwallaye 24 a kan sikelin daga 0 ("mai cin hanci da rashi sosai") zuwa 100 ("mai tsabta sosai"). Lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar ci, CAR ta kasance ta 149 a cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Index, inda ake ganin ƙasar da ta fara zama tana da bangaren jama'a mafi gaskiya. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar yanki, matsakaicin ƙididdiga tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka na kudu da Sahara  ya kasance 33. Mafi kyawun sakamako a yankin Sahara na Afirka ya kasance 72 kuma mafi munin sakamako ya kasance 8. Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar duniya, mafi kyawun ƙuri'a shine 90 (ranked 1), matsakaicin ƙuri'u shine 43, kuma mafi munin ƙuri'un shine 8 (ranked 180). 

 Bayani