Stanley Mogoba

Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba (an haife shi 29 Maris 1933) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne mai ritaya kuma ministan Methodist. Ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) daga shekarun 1996 zuwa 2003 kuma ya wakilci jam'iyyar a majalisar dokokin ƙasar  daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2004. Tsohon mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata kuma tsohon ɗalibin Tsibirin Robben, yana jagorantar bishop na Cocin Methodist na Kudancin Afirka daga shekarun 1988 zuwa 1996.

 Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya 
An haifi Mogoba a ranar 29 ga watan Maris 1933 a Polokwane a tsohuwar Transvaal ta Arewa.  Shi ne auta a cikin ’yan’uwa shida,  mahaifinsa wanda malami ne kuma mai wa’azi na Methodist. Tutar Boshielo na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi tasiri, ya shiga ƙungiyar matasan Afirka ta National Congress (ANC) lokacin yana makarantar sakandare.  Ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1954 kuma ya cancanci zama malami. Ya kasance mai himma a ƙungiyar Transvaal United African Teachers Association kuma ya yi amfani da matsayinsa na malamin makarantar sakandare don ci gaba da karatunsa na siyasa. 

A cikin shekarar 1959, Mogoba ya halarci taron jama'a wanda Robert Sobukwe ya yi jawabi, wanda ya burge shi. Bayan da Sobukwe ya ɓalle daga ANC ya kafa jam’iyyar PAC, Mogoba ya yi alaƙa da ƙungiyar ta baya, bayan da gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta a shekarar 1960. "Bishop Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2023. A farkon shekara ta 1963, an kama shi a gidansa da ke Mamelodi kuma an same shi da laifin ci gaba da manufofin haramtacciyar ƙungiyar PAC, wanda ya shafe shekaru uku a kurkuku, musamman a tsibirin Robben. Yayin da yake cika hukuncinsa, sai ya ji kiran addini kuma ya fara nazarin tauhidi. 

Bayan da aka sake shi a shekarar 1966, Mogoba ya ba da umarnin hana shi, inda aka kore shi zuwa Phokwane tare da hana shi aiki a matsayin malami. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakardar gudanarwa maimakon. A cikin watan Janairu 1969, ya fara aikinsa a matsayin minista a kan gwaji a cocin Methodist, kuma a shekara ta gaba ya fara karatun shekaru uku a harabar Kwalejin John Wesley da ke Alice. An naɗa shi ne bayan kammala karatunsa. "Bishop Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2023. A cikin shekarar 1988, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban bishop na Cocin Methodist na Kudancin Afirka. Ya yi tarihin shekaru takwas a ofis, inda ya sake lashe zaɓe sau biyu.  

 Aikin siyasa bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata 

 Zaɓe a matsayin shugaban PAC: 1996 
A taron shekara-shekara na PAC karo na biyar a Thohoyandou a watan Disamba 1996, an zaɓi Mogoba a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ba tare da hamayya ba. Gasar da ya yi na farko don wannan matsayi ita ce mai ci, Clarence Makwetu, wanda aka shawo kan ta tajanye daga tseren kuma ya karɓi wani matsayi a matsayin shugaban PAC. "A preacher, a Pied Piper and the PAC". The Mail & Guardian. 20 December 1996. Retrieved 18 May 2023. A farkon wannan watan ne Mogoba ya yi murabus daga cocin domin ya samu damar zama shugaban kasa, kuma ya ce bai damu da haɗa kan PAC ba, ganin yadda ’yan cocin nasa ke da bangar siyasa. 

A matsayinsa na shugaban PAC, Mogoba ya jagoranci rusa ƙungiyar Azaniya ta APLA a hukumance, reshen PAC da ke ɗauke da makamai a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.  Ya kuma jagoranci jam'iyyar ta yakin neman zaɓe gabanin babban zaɓen shekarar 1999, kuma a wancan lokacin ya yi kira da a hukunta masu aikata laifuka ta hanyar yanke jiki.  Bugu da ƙari, bayan zaɓensa, "Bishop Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2023. an zaɓe shi don cike gurbin kujerar PAC a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. 

 Jita-jitar sayar da kai: 1997 
A watan Satumban 1997, yayin da Mogoba ke aiki a Majalisar, tambayoyi game da amincinsa sun taso bayan rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru sun yi iƙirarin cewa Shugaba Nelson Mandela ya shawarce shi da kada ya nemi kujera a kwamitin Fayil na Leken asiri don guje wa "rashin mutunci" na tabbatar da tsaro. PAC ta fassara rahotannin a matsayin wani yunƙuri na nuna Mogoba a matsayin haɗari na tsaro da sayar da kayayyaki.  Wasu majiyoyi sun shaida wa manema labarai cewa Mogoba bai dace da tabbatar da tsaro ba, domin ya zama shaida a lokacin shari’ar Enoch Zulu, tsohon kwamandan APLA a shekarar 1988, wanda gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta same shi da laifin ta’addanci. Mogoba ya amince da cewa ya bayar da shaida a lokacin da ake shari’ar, amma ya ce ya yi hakan ne bisa shawarar hukumar PAC bayan an gayyace shi. Ya kuma ce shaidarsa ba ta zarge Zulu ba fiye da shigar da ya yi cewa ya ajiye Zulu a gidansa da ke Durban.  A wani taron manema labarai da PAC ta gudanar a watan Oktoba, babban jigon PAC Johnson Mlambo ya tabbatar da asusun Mogoba – wanda ya ce hakika Zulu ya tuhumi Mogoba, ta hanyar shaida wa ‘yan sanda cewa Mogoba ne ya taimaka masa – da kuma Zulu da kansa. 

Sai dai kuma a cikin satin nan Zulu ya sauya labarinsa ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa Mogoba ya ci amanar sa.   Lauyan da ya tsaya masa a shari’ar, Dikgang Moseneke, ya bayyana ikirarin nasa a matsayin “zaman banza”, yana mai cewa Mogoba shi ne “jarumi na gaske” domin ya ajiye kwamandojin APLA a gidansa.  Duk da haka, PAC ta mayar da martani cikin fushi, tana mai cewa Zulu na yin wani atisayen kisa ne saboda ya goyi bayan tsohon shugaban PAC Clarence Makwetu, wanda Mogoba ya kora.  Bugu da ƙari, 'yar majalisar dokokin PAC Patricia de Lille ta yi ikirarin a wata muhawarar 'yan majalisar cewa jam'iyyar ANC na sane da cewa da dama daga cikin 'ya'yanta sun kasance 'yan leken asiri ga ƙasar nuna wariyar launin fata. Ta ce jam'iyyar ANC ta mallaki jerin sunayen 'yan leken asirin, kuma ta bayyana sunayen 'yan siyasa da dama waɗanda suka haɗa da ministocin gwamnati Joe Modise, Stella Sigcau, da Penuell Maduna  a cikin jerin sunayen. 

 Zaman majalisa na biyu: 1999–2003 
Ayyukan PAC a zaɓen shekara ta 1999 ya yi matukar wahala kuma Mogoba ya yi tayin murabus daga ofishin jam’iyyarsa.  Amma duk da haka an zaɓe shi a ɗaya daga cikin kujeru uku da suka rage na jam'iyyar a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, inda ya yi aiki tare da Patricia de Lille da mataimakinsa, Motsoko Pheko.  A lokacin da yake zaman majalisar, ya yi suka ga manufofin shugaba Thabo Mbeki kan cutar kanjamau da kuma fifita karin haraji don kawar da talauci. 

Duk da cewa jam’iyyar PAC ba ta amince da tayin Mogoba na yin murabus daga shugabancin jam’iyyar a shekarar 1999 ba, amma a cikin ’yan shekaru masu zuwa ya ci gaba da fuskantar matsin lamba na cikin gida don sauya shugabanci.   Matsin lamba ya zo kan gaba a daidai lokacin da ake tunkarar zaɓen shekarar 2003 na jam'iyyar. Ko da yake Mogoba da farko ya ce yana da niyyar sake tsayawa takara,  ya sanar a watan Yunin 2003 cewa zai sauƙa daga mulki.  Tsohon mataimakinsa, Motsoko Pheko, ya gaje shi a matsayin shugaban PAC. A watan Fabrairun 2004, ya kuma yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, inda ya miƙa kujerarsa ga sabon mataimakin Pheko, Themba Godi. "Bishop Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2023. A cikin shekarun baya, yayin da PAC ta rabu ta hanyar ɓangaranci, Mogoba ya haɗa kai da ƙungiyar da ke goyon bayan Pheko, sabanin wanda magajin Pheko, Letlapa Mphahlele ke jagoranta. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Matar Mogoba ta farko ta rasu a karshen shekarun 1960. A shekarar 1969, ya sake yin aure da Johanna Mamongae Mahlare, wacce take da 'ya'ya uku. "Bishop Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba