Ndabaningi Sithole

Ndabaningi Sithole (21 Yuli 1920 - 12 Disamba 2000) ɗan siyasan Zimbabwe ne kuma ɗan majalisar dokoki wanda ya kasance wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Zimbabwe (ZANU), ƙungiya mai fafutuka, ƙungiyar masu kishin ƙasa da ke adawa da gwamnatin Rhodesia, a cikin watan Yuli 1963.Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan, Ewing, and Winifred Crum. Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey, 1975. Page 326.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin minista na Cocin United Church of Christ a Zimbabwe (UCCZ).   Ya shafe shekaru 10 a gidan yari bayan gwamnati ta haramtawa ZANU. Rikicin ƙabilanci ya raba kan ZANU a shekarar 1975, kuma ya sha kaye a zaɓen shekarar 1980 a hannun Robert Mugabe.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Sithole a Nyamandlovu, Kudancin Rhodesia, a ranar 21 ga watan Yuli 1920. Mahaifin Sithole Ndau ne mahaifiyarsa kuma Ndebele. Ya yi karatun koyarwa a Amurka daga shekarun 1955 zuwa 1958, kuma an naɗa shi ministan Methodist a shekarar 1958. Buga littafinsa na African Nationalism da kuma haramcinta da ‘yan tsiraru suka yi shi ya sa ya shiga siyasa. A lokacin karatunsa a Amurka ya yi karatu a Makarantar Tauhidi ta Andover Newton kuma ya halarci Cocin Farko a Newton, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1665, duka suna a Newton, Massachusetts.

 ZANU 
Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kuma shugaban gine-ginen jam'iyyar Zimbabwe African National Union a watan Agusta 1963 tare da Herbert Chitepo, Robert Mugabe da Edgar Tekere a Highfields House of Enos Nkala. A shekarar 1964 an yi taron jam'iyyar a Gwelo, inda aka zaɓi Sithole a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, aka naɗa Robert Mugabe a matsayin babban sakatarensa. Gwamnatin Ian Smith ta dakatar da ZANU a shekarar 1964. Ya shafe shekaru 10 a gidan yari bayan an kama shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni 1964  tare da Mugabe, Tekere, Nyagumbo da Takawira saboda harkokin siyasa. A lokacin da yake gidan yari ya ba Chitepo izinin ci gaba da gwagwarmaya daga ƙasashen waje a matsayin wakilin ZANU. An yanke wa Sithole hukuncin kisa kan zargin yunkurin kashe Ian Smith kuma aka sake shi daga kurkuku a shekara ta 1974.

A ranar 18 ga watan Maris, 1975, an kashe Chitepo a Lusaka, Zambia, da wata mota da bam. An zaɓi Mugabe da ke Mozambique a wancan lokacin, a matsayin babban sakataren jam'iyyar ZANU na farko. Daga baya a waccan shekarar an sami rarrabuwar kawuna, inda Ndebele da yawa suka bi Joshua Nkomo cikin jam’iyyar ZAPU mai fafutuka. A ƙarshe Sithole ya kafa jam'iyyar ZANU-Ndonga mai sassaucin ra'ayi, wacce ta yi watsi da gwagwarmayar tashin hankali, yayin da Shona - wacce ke da rinjaye a ZANU (wanda ake kira ZANU PF) ta bi Mugabe da wata manufa ta tsageru.

Sithole ya shiga gwamnatin riƙon kwarya ta Abel Muzorewa a ƙarƙashin Internal Settlement a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli 1979.  Daga baya a cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1979 ya halarci yarjejeniyar Lancaster House, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Lord Carrington, wadda ta share fagen gudanar da sabon zaɓe, amma magoya bayan jam'iyyarsa ta ZANU-Ndonga da ƙauyukan su sojojin ZANLA na Mugabe sun yi wa Mugabe hari, kuma ya ƙasa samun kujeru a zaɓen shekarar 1980.

Ficewar sa daga jam'iyyar ZANU dai Mugabe ya yi ikirarin cewa, rashin kula da mayaka a ƙasar Zambiya ne ya haddasa shi (inda aka jefa bama-bamai a sansaninsu wanda ya yi sanadin asarar rayuka da jikkata mutane).

 Ƙaura da dawowa 
Da yake bayyana cewa rayuwarsa na cikin hatsari daga abokan gaba na siyasa, Sithole ya tafi gudun hijira na kansa da farko a Burtaniya a farkon shekarun 1980 sannan a Silver Spring, Maryland, Amurka, a kusa da shekarar 1984, ya koma Zimbabwe a cikin watan Janairu 1992. 

An zaɓe  shi a matsayin ɗan majalisa a yankinsa na Chipinge da ke kudu maso gabashin Zimbabwe a shekarar 1995, kuma ya kasance ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na t 1996 (ko da yake ya janye jim kaɗan kafin zaɓen bayan ya yi ikirarin cewa jam'iyyar ZANU-PF ta Mugabe tana yi masa zagon ƙasa).  A watan Disambar 1997, wata kotu ta yi masa shari'a tare da samunsa da laifin haɗa baki da Chimwenje wajen kashe Mugabe kuma gwamnati ta hana shi halartar majalisar dokoki.  Ƙananan ƙungiyar adawa ta Sithole ta sake lashe kujerar Chipinge a zaɓen watan Yunin 2000.

An ba shi damar ɗaukaka kara, an shigar da kara, amma kotun koli ba ta taɓa sauraron ƙarar ba. An ba shi belinsa saboda taɓarɓarewar lafiyarsa. Ya mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 2000, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Amurka. Marubucin litattafai uku kan siyasar Afirka, ya bar matarsa, Vesta, da ’ya’ya biyar manya.

Gonansa, "Porta Farm" mai nisan  daga Harare a kan titin Bulawayo, an siya ta bisa doka a cikin shekarar 1992 a ƙarƙashin shirye-shiryen "mai siye - mai sayarwa". Daga baya kuma gwamnatin Robert Mugabe ta ZANU-PF ta kwace shi, bisa hujjar cewa tana ɗauke da abubuwan da ba a so na Harare. Waɗannan mutane ne da aka bar su ba tare da matsuguni ba bayan an kore su daga gidajen zama a Harare kafin taron shugabannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1991. Sithole ya tausaya musu, kuma abin da yake ji shi ne tauye hakkinsu na ɗan Adam; don haka ya gayyaci wasu daga cikinsu su zauna a gona. Hakan dai ya harzuka gwamnati, inda daga nan ne ta gudanar da aikin korar mutanen. Ma’aikatar ƙananan hukumomi da gidaje ta ƙasa  da kuma birnin Harare ne suka haɗa kai. An kai hare-hare kafin wayewar gari kuma, bayan haka, an kwace gonar Porta.   

 Littattafai 
Sithole shi ne marubucin Baƙar fata da ya fi fice a Rhodesia.  Ya buga littattafai 12 ciki har da The Polygamist, wani labari da aka buga a shekarar 1972 ta The Third Press/Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co., Inc., New York ( ).

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba