Rugujewar ruwa da zafi

A cikin ilimin ƙasa, rushewar ruwa da zafi shine haɗakarwar inji da zafi na kogi ko rafi wanda ba a daskare shi ba a kan ƙasa mai cike da kankara da kuma turɓaya. Tsarin rushewa ya haɗa da narkewar kankara ta hanyar ruwa mai ƙarfi kuma da zarar farfajiyar ba ta daskare ba, rushewar inji tana faruwa ne kawai idan dakarun ruwa suna da ƙarfi sosai don yanke kayan bakin kogi. Irin wannan rushewa wani lokacin yana haifar da bankunan su rushe cikin kogi, kuma lokacin da wannan ya faru rushewa ana sarrafa su ta hanyar kankara. Koguna inda aka lura da wannan tsari sun hada da Lena, Kogin Colville, da Kogin Yukon

Yankin Yakutia a Tsakiyar Siberia, inda Kogin Lena yake, wani abu ne na musamman na sha'awa don nazarin wannan nau'in rushewa bisa ga rikodin yanayin zafi da matsanancin kauri na permafrost. A lokacin hunturu lokacin da matakin ruwa ya yi ƙasa, wani nau'i mai zurfi na kankara ya samo asali a saman Kogin Lena, wanda wani lokacin yana da kauri na 2 m. Ambaliyar yanayi da aka haifar da saurin narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da guguwa mara kyau sannan ta karya kankara a lokacin rani, ta fallasa bakin kogin ga ikon rushewa. Akwai matakai biyu ga wannan tsari: na farko shine fashewar kankara kuma na biyu shine ambaliyar ruwa. A cikin 'yan kwanaki kawai a watan Mayu ko Yuni, fitar da ruwa na iya ƙaruwa da 10x saurin sa. Ƙarfin ruwa yana haifar da kankara da ke zaune a saman kogi ya fashe, kuma ana tura waɗannan ɓangarorin da suka fashe a kan kogin, wani lokacin suna samar da shingen kankara wanda ya kai mita 10 wanda zai kare bankunan daga rushewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Koyaya, yayin da ambaliyar ke ci gaba, dumi da makamashi na inji daga ruwa suna narke shingen kankara, suna ba da hanya ga rushewar ruwa-mai zafi na bakin kogi mai daskarewa. Ga Lena, ana lura da bankunan su koma baya kusan 40 m a kowace shekara.  

Dangane da samfuran dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar a cikin dakin sanyi, yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, zafin jiki, da fitarwa an nuna su ne manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga rushewar zafi, yayin da babban abun ciki na kankara a cikin ƙasa an nuna shi don rage tsarin rushewar jiki. Rage kankara a cikin wani abu mai laushi yana rage ƙarfin kayan, yana mai da shi cikin sauƙi mai fashewa da cirewa. A lokacin narkewar kogin periglacial a lokacin rani, saboda yawan ruwa mai yawa, ana fitar da sinadarin da ba a daskare ba. A ƙarshe, fitar da ruwa a cikin hulɗa ta dindindin tare da bankunan permafrost yana haifar da haɗuwa da lalacewar zafi da na inji.

 Manazarta 
 Costard, Francois, E. Gautier, A. Fedorov, P. Konstantinov da L. Dupeyrat. (2014). Binciken yiwuwar rushewa na Tsarin Ruwa a lokacin Rushewar Ice na Kogin Lena (Siberia). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. shafi na 162-171. 
 Costard, F., E. Gautier, D. Brunstein, J. Hammadi, A. Fedorov, D. Yang, da L. Dupeyat. (2007). Tasirin dumamar duniya a kan rushewar zafi a kan Kogin Lena a Tsakiyar Siberia. Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka.
 Costard, F., L. Dupeyrat, E. Gautier da E. Carey-Gailhardis. (2003). Binciken Rugujewar Rugujewa ta Ruguje wa Ruguje-Rugujewa da Ruguje da Ruguce-Ruguce: Aikace-aikacen Kogin Lena (Tsakiyar Siberia). Wiley InterScience.
 [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. (2011). Tasirin Abun Ice akan Rugujewar zafi na Permafrost: Tasirin Rugujewa na Kogin da Rugujewan Ruwa. Wiley Online Library.
 Randriamazaoro, R., L. Dupeyat, F. Costard da E. Carey Gailhardis. (2007). Rugujewar zafi ta ruwa: hanyar daidaitaccen zafi. Wiley InterScience.