Yaƙin Rejaf

Yaƙin Rejaf, wanda aka fi sani da Yaƙin Bedden, an yi shi ne a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1897 tsakanin sojojin Belgian na Jihar Congo Free da 'yan tawaye na Mahdi a Rejaf (yanzu a Sudan ta Kudu ta yanzu). Yaƙin ya haifar da nasarar Kongo da kuma fitar da Mahdists na dindindin daga Lado Enclave, da kuma kafa sansanin Belgium a kan Kogin Nilu.

Sarki Leopold II, Sarkin Belgium kuma mai mulkin Congo Free State, ya sami Lado Enclave a Sudan ta Kudu daga Burtaniya a shekara ta 1894 a matsayin wani ɓangare na musayar yanki wanda ya ba Burtaniya yanki na ƙasa tare da gabashin Kongo don samun damar Belgium zuwa Kogin Nilu. Koyaya, yankin ya mamaye Mahdists waɗanda suka kafa sansanin su a garin Rejaf, wanda ke da matsayi mai mahimmanci don kasuwanci tare da kogin Nilu. Bayan sabon kudade daga gwamnatin Belgium a shekara ta 1895, Sarki Leopold ya ba da umarnin a kai wani balaguro a cikin Lado Enclave don fitar da Mahdists da kuma karfafa Rejaf a matsayin dabarun soja da kasuwanci.

Binciken Belgium, wanda Kwamandan Louis-Napoléon Chaltin ya jagoranta, ya kai matsayi bayan ci gaba na tsawon wata daya daga arewa maso gabas zuwa sansanin Mahdist. 'Yan tawayen, masu ƙidaya dubu biyu, sun kafa layin mil biyu a fadin tsaunuka masu yawa, suna ba da dakarun da suka fi yawa damar da za su iya amfani da su a kan maza ɗari takwas na Chaltin. Bayan da Mahdists suka gaza, sojojin Chaltin sun mamaye tsaunuka kuma sun kori masu karewa. Kamfanonin Kongo sun bi Mahdists da suka koma baya zuwa garin Rejaf, inda aka yi kariya ta ƙarshe kuma an ci su.

Nasarar, wadda aka samu a farashi kadan, ta share Lado Enclave na Mahdists kuma ta tabbatar da Rejaf a matsayin tushen Belgium don ayyukan gaba a yankunan da ke kewaye da su da kuma tare da Nilu. Rejaf ya zama wurin zama na gwamnati a cikin Lado Enclave, kuma ya kasance kamar haka lokacin da Birtaniya ta sake dawo da yankin a 1910.

 Asali 
A shekara ta 1894, Sarki Leopold II da Burtaniya sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Congolese ta 1894, wanda ya haifar da musayar dogon yanki a gabashin Kongo don Lado Enclave, wanda aka ba Leopold II hayar tsawon lokacin mulkinsa.  Wannan ya taimaka wa Burtaniya wajen bin Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Cape zuwa Alkahira, da kuma hana Faransanci samun layin gabas zuwa yamma ta hanyar sanya Belgium a cikin hanyar su. Tare da Lado Enclave, Sarki Leopold ya sami damar kai tsaye zuwa Rejaf, sansanin karshe a kan Nilu mai tafiya. Kodayake barkewar Yaƙin Mahdi (1881-1899) ya rushe cinikayya sama da ƙasa da kogin Nilu, Leopold yana fatan samun Rejaf a shirye don sake buɗewa da zarar an magance barazanar Mahdist.

Tun daga shekara ta 1888, lokacin da 'yan tawayen Mahdist suka tilasta fitar da gwamnan Emin Pasha na lokacin, 'yan tawaye ne suka mamaye Lado Enclave karkashin jagorancin Emir Arabi Dafalla. Rejaf ita ce matsayinsu mafi karfi a yankin, kuma a can ne Arabi Dafalla ya ajiye kayan aikinsa da sojoji. Kafawar Jihar Mahdist ta samar da mahallin ga ikon Turai don fara mamayewa da mulkin mallaka na Sudan, wanda Sarki Leopold ya so ya shiga don fadada daularsa ta Kongo. Koyaya, yakin basasa kai tsaye a cikin yankin ba wani zaɓi ba ne; Leopold ba zai iya samun izini daga ko dai Faransanci ko Burtaniya ba bisa ga dokokin da aka tsara a Taron Berlin na 1884, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da kasashen biyu suna neman haɗa Sudan da kansu. Sarki Leopold II saboda haka ya yanke shawarar ɓoye yakin neman zabe a cikin Sudan a matsayin rundunar balaguro da aka aika don dawo da Lado Enclave daga Mahdists, kodayake ya yi niyyar ba kwamandojinsa umarni na ɓoye don ci gaba da wuce iyakokin yankin Belgium, da farko zuwa Fashoda sannan zuwa Khartoum. Bayan karbar sabon rancen miliyan 6.5 daga gwamnatin Belgium a shekara ta 1895, Leopold ya ba da umarnin a yi shirye-shirye don aiwatar da shirinsa.

An raba tafiyar zuwa kashi biyu. Rukunin farko, wanda ya kunshi kusan sojoji ɗari takwas na mulkin mallaka kuma jagorancin Kwamandan Louis-Napoléon Chaltin, ya ɗauki babbar hanya zuwa Rejaf kuma ya shiga cikin 'yan tawaye a bayyane. Na biyu, a karkashin jarumin yaƙi na Belgium Baron Dhanis, ya kasance babbar runduna ta sama da mutane dubu uku, galibi 'yan asalin ƙasar Tetela, kuma ya ɗauki hanyar cin amana ta cikin daji zuwa arewa. Dukkanin tafiye-tafiye sun tafi Lado Enclave a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1896.

 Tawayen Batetela 
Bayan an ba su abinci mara kyau kuma an tilasta su cikin dogon lokaci, tafiya mai wahala a cikin ƙasa mai wahala kusan watanni biyu, Batetela a cikin shafi na Dhanis ya tayar da hafsoshin su a watan Fabrairun 1897.  Rikicin ya ɓarke a cikin masu tsaron gaba, wanda aka tura mafi wuya daga cikin waɗanda ke cikin balaguron, amma nan da nan ya bazu zuwa ga manyan sojoji, inda manyan jami'an Belgium da suka fi yawa suka tsare su kuma suka kashe su. Dhanis da kansa ya tsere wa kisan kiyashi ta hanyar ɓoyewa a cikin gandun daji, kodayake ɗan'uwansa yana cikin waɗanda aka kashe. Sojojin da aka rushe yanzu sun ci gaba da tashin hankali a duk yankin, suna tsoratar da arewacin Kongo kuma suna haifar da babbar damuwa tsakanin jami'an Belgium waɗanda ayyukansu shine don kiyaye zaman lafiya.
alt=Azande Chief Basuka|thumb|236x236px|Azande Shugaba Bafuka
Wannan ya bar tafiyar Chaltin a matsayin jagora ga yakin Leopold na arewa, kuma kwamandan ya ci gaba da aikinsa duk da asarar sojojin Dhanis. Chaltin yana da kamfanoni takwas a cikin shafi, kowannensu yana dauke da sojoji ɗari na Kongo karkashin jagorancin wani hafsan Belgium. Ya kasance tare da dakarun Azande ɗari biyar a ƙarƙashin shugabannin Renzi da Bafuka .  Jirgin ya kai Kogin Nilu a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1897, inda wani karamin rukuni na Mahdists daga Rejaf suka musayar wuta tare da 'yan kallo na Chaltin. Bayan kwana biyu na jira don jirgin ruwa da masu tsaron baya su isa, rundunar Mahdist ta kusanci sansanin Belgium da yammacin 16 ga Fabrairu, kuma ta shirya don kai hari. Chaltin ya umarci bindigoginsa su harbe Mahdists, wanda ya sa 'yan tawaye da suka taru su gudu a karkashin barga. Kashegari, da karfe shida na safe, Chaltin ya kai farmaki kuma ya fara ci gaba a kan Rejaf.

 Yaƙi 
Ginshiƙi na Chaltin ya ci gaba da arewa tare da kogin Nilu yana kare gefen dama da kuma dakarun sojan doki na Azande a hagu. Da karfe bakwai, 'yan kallo na Belgium sun ga rundunar Mahdist mai karfi dubu biyu da suka taru a kan layin mil biyu wanda ya ratsa tsaunuka tsakanin Kogin Nilu da kogi mai layi daya. Akwai hanya guda daya mai haske ta hanyar tsaunuka, wanda aka kare shi sosai. Kwamandan Chaltin ya gabatar da kamfanoni biyar don harin, ya bar sauran uku a ajiya.

Nan da nan Mahdists sun bude wuta a kan sojojin Free State, wadanda suka kasance a cikin wani dutse da ke fitowa daga wasu hanyoyi daga layin Mahdist. Har tsawon rabin sa'a Mahdists sun ci gaba da harba kamfanonin Chaltin ba tare da wani tasiri ba, harbe-harben su ya wuce ba tare da lahani ba sama da duwatsu. A halin yanzu, sojoji na Free State sun tura bindigar Krupp zuwa matsayi wanda, a karkashin Sergeant Cajot, ya harbe harsashi da yawa a cikin rukunin Mahdists.
alt=Krupp 75mm field gun|left|thumb|Manyan bindigogi na Krupp 75mm
Bayan sun ɓata makaman su a cikin wannan aikin na farko, sojojin Mahdist sun fara yunkurin kai hari kan Belgium. Hagu na dama na Mahdists, wanda ke gefen kogi daidai da Nilu, ya ci gaba da sauri yana ƙoƙarin sanya Chaltin da bayansa zuwa kogi. Chaltin, wanda a wannan lokacin ya ci gaba a cikin mita ɗari biyu na Mahdists kuma ya fara ingantaccen barga na kansa, ya amsa barazanar ta hanyar ba da umarnin ci gaba kwatsam na kamfanonin ajiyarsa. Wannan yunkuri ya tabbatar da ci gaban Mahdists, ya guje wa matsayin da ba shi da kyau kuma ya sa 'yan tawaye su yi kasa a gwiwa. Da yake jin cewa nasarar ta kusa, Chaltin ya umarci Azande su caje Mahdists don raba bangaren dama na gaba daga sauran layin. An yi nasara a tuhumar, kuma sojojin Mahdist da suka lalace sosai yanzu an yanke su gaba ɗaya kuma sojoji na Free State sun kewaye su. Manyan kamfanonin Chaltin sun kai hari, suna matsawa tsaron Mahdist yayin da suka tilasta musu shiga cikin tsaunuka. Uku daga cikin kamfanonin sun kai hari kan hanyar da aka kare sosai ta hanyar tsaunuka, yayin da wasu biyu suka caje tsaunuka. Bayan gwagwarmaya mai tsanani don tsaunuka, layin Mahdist da ya raunana kuma ya raunana ya fashe kuma sauran masu kare shi sun gudu zuwa arewa zuwa Rejaf, suna barin harsashi da makamai. An gama aikin da karfe 8:30 na wannan safiya.

Mahdists sun janye zuwa garin Rejaf, yayin da ginshiƙan Chaltin suka yi tafiya a cikin bin su na mil goma sha bakwai har sai an ga garin da aka mamaye a kusan 1:30 da rana. batir na bindigogi ya harbe Belgium yayin da suka zo kusa, amma tasirin bai dace ba. Yayin da 'yan Belgium suka kusanci, wani ɓoyayyen rundunar Mahdists sun fito daga wani kwari kusa da bakin Kogin Nilu kuma sun kai hari kan gefen Chaltin. Kwamandan ya fahimci barazanar a cikin lokaci kuma ya kori harin ba tare da asarar da yawa ba. Kamfanonin Chaltin sun juya don fara harin garin. Kamfanonin Chaltin sun kwashe tituna da gidaje na Rejaf na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa, suna tilasta wa Mahdists komawa baya har zuwa karfe 7:00 lokacin da aka kore su kusan gaba ɗaya. Sai kawai birni ya kasance a zaune, amma da asuba washegari sauran sojojin Mahdist sun janye, sun bar makamai da harsashi.

 Sakamakon haka 
Kodayake lambobin da suka mutu ba su samuwa ga kowane bangare ba, kafofin sun yarda cewa asarar Belgian-Congolese ba ta da yawa, yayin da aka kashe daruruwan sojoji na Mahdist a cikin ayyukan biyu.

Kwamandan Chaltin ya dawo da bindigogi uku, fiye da bindigogin ɗari bakwai, da kuma wadataccen kayan aiki daga gidan Mahdist a Rejaf. An tsare sojoji dubu uku na Kongo a garin, kuma an kawo jirgin ruwa zuwa Kogin Nilu don kare tashar jiragen ruwa. Bayan tabbatar da Rejaf, Chaltin da ginshiƙansa sun yi tafiya zuwa arewacin Lado Enclave don kafa kasancewar Belgium a yankin da kuma hana Mahdist sake shiga. Wani mummunan hari a kan gidan a Rejaf ya faru a watan Yunin 1898, lokacin da Mahdists suka tilasta musu hanyar tsaron Free State kafin a ci su a kusa da garin.

Sarkin da ya umarci sojojin Mahdist a Rejaf, Arabi Dafalla, ya janye tare da abin da ya rage daga sojojinsa arewa maso yamma zuwa Mahdist Sudan. Shugabanninsa sun yi masa ba'a saboda cin nasara a Rejaf, kuma daga baya ya mika sojojinsa ga Sultan Ali Dinar na Darfur bayan da aka kai hari kan wani sansanin Faransa a shekarar 1902. 

Amma ga tsarin asali na Sarki Leopold II don juya balaguron zuwa kamfen zuwa Sudan, tawaye na shafi na Baron Dhanis ya rage ƙarfin yaƙi na balaguron kuma ya sa irin wannan kamfen ɗin ba zai yiwu ba. Maimakon haka, nasarar da Leopold ya yi a kan Lado Enclave ya faranta wa gwamnatin Burtaniya rai, aƙalla da farko, wanda ya yi maraba da duk wani taimako a cikin yakin da suke yi da Jihar Mahdist. Amma hare-hare akai-akai a waje da yankin Lado da sojojin Belgium da ke zaune a Rejaf suka haifar da tsoro da tuhuma tsakanin jami'an Burtaniya da Faransa da ke kula da burin mulkin mallaka na Leopold. A cikin 1910, bayan mutuwar Sarkin Belgium a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1909, hukumomin Burtaniya sun sake dawo da Lado Enclave kamar yadda yarjejeniyar Anglo-Congolese da aka sanya hannu a shekara ta 1894, kuma sun kara yankin ga Sudan na Anglo-Masar.

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Majiya 














Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba

 Yaƙi 

Rukunin Chaltin ya samu cigaba zuwa arewa tare da kogin Nilu yana kare gefen damansa da kuma sojojin dawakai na Azande a hagunsa. Da karfe bakwai, 'yan leken asirin kasar Beljiyam sun hango rundunonin mahdist mai karfi kimanin mutum dubu biyu da suka taru a kan layin mil biyu wanda ya ratsa kan tudu tsakanin kogin Nilu da wani kogi na daya. Akwai wata hanya madaidaiciya ta cikin tsaunuka, wanda aka keɓe musamman. Kwamandan Chaltin ya zaɓi sansanin dakarun na musamman biyar domin kai harin, inda ya bar sauran ukun nasa a ajiye. 

Nan take dakarun Mahadi suka buɗe wuta kan rundunar 'Yanci ta 'Yanci, wadanda suka kasance a fake a bayan wani dutsen da ya birkice wasu hanyoyi daga layin Mahdi. Tsawon rabin sa'a dakarun Mahadi sun ci gaba da yin sa himma a kan kai hari ga dakarun Chaltin, harbin nasu ya wuce sama da duwatsu ba tare da lahani ba. A halin da ake ciki, sojojin Neman yanci sun matsa da bindigar Krupp a matsayi wanda a karkashin Sajan Cajot, ya harba harsashi da dama a cikin sahun Mahdists. 
alt=Krupp 75mm field gun|left|thumb|Bindigar Krupp 75mm 
Bayan ɓata makamansu a matakin na farko, rundunar Mahdist ta fara kai farmaki a kan Belgium. Bangaren dama na rundunar Mahdist, wanda ke kusa da Kogin Nilu, ya ci gaba da sauri yana kokarin makale Chaltin da bayansa zuwa kogin. Chaltin, wanda a wannan lokacin ya kai nisan mita dari biyu na Mahdist, kuma ya fara yin katsalandan nasa mafi inganci, ya mayar da martani ga wannan barazana ta hanyar ba da umarnin ci gaban kamfanonin ajiyarsa kwatsam. Yunkurin ya duba Mahdin da ke gaba, tare da gujewa matsayin da bai dace ba, ya kuma sa ‘yan tawayen su yi tagumi.  Da yake jin cewa nasara tana dab da samuwa, Chaltin ya umarci Azande da ya caje Mahadi don ware reshen dama na gaba da sauran layin. Zargin ya yi nasara, kuma a yanzu an katse rundunonin dakarun Mahdist gaba ɗaya kuma sojojin Neman Yanci sun kewaye su. Daga nan sai manyan dakarun Chaltin suka kai hari, suna latsa kariyar Mahadi a lokacin da suke kan hanyarsu ta zuwa tsaunuka. Uku daga cikin dakarun sun kai hari kan hanyar da aka kayyade ta cikin tsauni, yayin da wasu biyu suka tukari kan tudun. Bayan any dauki ba daɗi tare da fafatawa mai tsanani, sai rundunar Mahadi ta watse tare da da raunana sauran masu kare ta suka gudu zuwa arewa suka nufi Rejaf, suka bar alburusai da makamai.  An kammala dukkan hareharen da misalin karfe 8:30 na safiyar wannan rana. 

Dakarun rundunar Mahdi sun ja da baya zuwa garin Rejaf mai kagara, yayin da ginshikin Chaltin suka yi tattaki na tsawon mil goma sha bakwai har sai da aka ga garin da aka mamaye da misalin karfe 1:30 na rana. Batir na manyan rundunar yakin bindigu ya harba wa 'yan Belgium yayin da suka zo cikin kewayo, amma tasirin ya yi sakaci. Yayin da mutanen Beljiyam suka matso, sai wata ɓoyayyar runduna ta Mahdi ta fito daga wani rafi da ke kusa da gabar da kogin Nilu suka kai hari a gefen Chaltin. Kwamandan ya fahimci barazanar da wuri kuma ya daƙile harin ba tare da hasara mai yawa ba. Daga nan ne dakarun mayaƙan Chaltin suka juya suka fara kai hari a garin. Tsawon sa'o'i da dama dakarun sojojin Chaltin sun yi ta atisaye a kan tituna da gidajen Rejaf, lamarin da ya tilasta wa Mahdin koma baya har zuwa karfe 7:00 da aka kusan korarsu baki daya.   Ƙagara ne kawai ya rage, amma da gari ya waye sauran dakarun Mahdi sun ja da baya, suka bar makamansu da alburusai.