Samun damar bayanan jama'a a Serbia

Samun damar yin amfani da bayanan jama'a da 'yancin yin bayani (FOI) suna nufin haƙƙin samun damar samun bayanan da hukumomin jama'a ke riƙe kuma aka sani da "yancin sani". Ana ɗaukar damar samun bayanan jama'a da  mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki na tsarin dimokuradiyya, saboda yana haɓaka lissafin gwamnatoci da jami'an jama'a, haɓaka sa hannun mutane da ba da damar shigarsu cikin ilimin rayuwar jama'a. Babban jigo na ƴancin samun bayanan jama’a shi ne cewa bayanan da hukumomin gwamnati suke da shi a bisa ka’ida na jama’a ne kuma ana iya boye su ne kawai bisa dalilai na halal da ya kamata a yi bayani dalla-dalla a cikin doka.Freedom of Information, UNESCO. Retrieved 2016-10-16.

A Serbia, samun damar yin amfani da bayanan jama'a an ba da garantin a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki kuma an kiyaye shi ta Dokar Samun damar samun Bayanai na Muhimmancin Jama'a da aka karɓa a cikin 2003 kuma an gyara shi a cikin 2007, 2009, 2010, da 2021. Haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin kowane mutum a Serbia yana da yancin samun damar samun damar yin amfani da bayanan jama'a na mahimmancin jama'a da kuma samun damar yin kwafin bayanan jama'a ko an riga an sanar da hukumomin gwamnati. bayanin da ake nema.Contents of the right regarding access to information of public importance". Retrieved 17 February 2017. Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai na Muhimmancin Jama'a da Kariyar bayanan sirri shine ikon da doka ke da haƙƙin sa ido kan mutunta wajibai da wannan Dokar ta ƙunsa.

 Tsarin doka 
Ana la'akari da Serbia a cikin ƙasashen da ke da mafi kyawun tsarin tsari game da samun damar yin amfani da bayanan da suka dace da jama'a: Ƙididdiga na Haƙƙin Duniya na Ƙididdiga, wanda ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu AccessInfo da Cibiyar Doka da Dimokuradiyya suka tattara, ta sanya ƙasar a matsayi na biyu a matsayinta na duniya don tantance ingancin tsarin dokoki da ke tsara FOI a fadin duniya.Global Right to Information Rating". 2016. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.

‘Yancin samun bayanan jama’a an bayyana shi a cikin Mataki na 51 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Serbia, wanda ya tabbatar da hakkin kowa ya sanar da shi game da batutuwan da suka shafi mahimmancin jama’a da kuma wajibcin da ya rataya a wuyan hukumomi da ƙungiyoyin jama’a na tabbatar da samun irin waɗannan bayanai.Article 51, Section II, Constitution of Serbia, 2006, retrieved 17 February 2017

Ana fassara haƙƙin samun damar yin amfani da bayanan da suka dace da jama'a zuwa cikin dokar ƙasa ta Dokar Samun damar samun bayanai na Muhimmancin Jama'a na kyauta da aka karɓa a cikin 2003 kuma aka gyara a cikin 2007 da 2009.[5]. Gyaran baya-bayan nan da aka yi wa dokar, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2022, ya kara fayyace ma’anar hukumomin gwamnati da tanade-tanaden ta, da karfafa matsayin Kwamishinan ta fuskar aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncensa, tare da ba shi damar gabatar da korafe-korafe da kuma bayar da umarni na rashin gaskiya.

Ana ba da kima sosai a fannin shari'a musamman idan har ta ba da damar samun bayanai ga duk wani mahaluki, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu na ɗan ƙasa, na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin a ƙasar ba. Haka kuma, ‘yancin samun bayanai ya shafi hukumomin zartarwa, ‘yan majalisu da na shari’a, kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati, da sauran hukumomi da hukumomi masu zaman kansu da suke gudanar da ayyukan jama’a ko kuma wadanda ke karbar makudan kudade na jama’a suma wajibi ne su bayyana bayanan da suka dace da jama’a (Art. 3).

Ya kamata a gabatar da buƙatun a rubuce, ba tare da buƙatar mai nema ya fayyace dalilin buƙatar ba. Hukumar gwamnati za ta ba da amsa ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma cikin kwanaki 15 a ƙarshe. Idan bayanin da ake nema ya ƙunshi sakamako don kare rayuwar mutum ko 'yancinsa, lafiyar jama'a da muhalli, lokacin da hukumomi ke kashewa ya ragu zuwa sa'o'i 48. A cikin lamuran da takardar ta ƙunshi bayanan da jama'a ba su da sha'awar sani, mai nema yana da damar samun dama ga wasu sassan takaddun.

An bayyana iyakokin haƙƙin samun bayanai a cikin sashe na 9 na doka, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na iya samuwa idan bayanin da aka nema ya fallasa ga haɗarin rayuwa, lafiya, aminci ko wata mahimmanci na mutum; idan ya kawo cikas ga aikin bangaren shari’a; idan ya yi barazana ga tsaron kasa, tsaron kasa da na jama'a, dangantakar kasa da kasa ko ikon gwamnati na tafiyar da harkokin tattalin arzikin kasa. A ƙarshe, an keɓe bayanan da aka keɓe daga hannun dama.

Hukumar da ke da alhakin kula da mutunta Dokar ita ce Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai na Muhimmancin Jama'a. Kwamishinan shari’a ne mai zaman kansa, misali na daukaka kara na mataki na biyu: idan hukumar jama’a ba ta amsa bukatar ba a cikin wa’adin da aka kayyade, mai nema na iya shigar da kara ga Kwamishinan, sai dai a cikin shari’o’in da wannan doka ta tanada (Art.16).

Doka tana da haƙƙin kwamishinan don ba da shawara kan lamuran da ake jayayya, kuma ya kamata gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Serbia ta aiwatar da shawararsa idan ya cancanta (Art 28).[5]. Majalisar kasa ta Jamhuriyar Sabiya ce ke nada kwamishinan bisa shawarar kwamitin majalisar da ke da alhakin bayanai. Matsayin Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai na Rodoljub Šabić ne ke rike da shi, wanda aka nada shi na tsawon shekaru 7 na farko sannan aka sake zabe a 2011. An nada kwamishinan mai ci Milan Marinović a watan Yuli 2019.

Baya ga nazarin korafe-korafen daidaikun mutane da ke da alaka da take hakkin damar samun bayanai kyauta, Kwamishinan ya kuma yi jawabi kan bukatun ‘yan kasar da ke neman yadda za su yi amfani da ‘yancinsu na samun bayanai, da bayar da ra’ayoyin hukumomin jihohi game da aiwatar da dokar, horar da aiwatar da doka da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan da suka shafi tsarin shiga kungiyar EU.

An lura cewa wani gagarumin iyakance na haƙƙin da aka bayyana a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya faru ne saboda ƙuntatawa da aka yi amfani da su don amincewa da koke-koke game da yanke shawara na farko: ba a yarda da koke ba idan "an gabatar da shawarar da Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Jamhuriyar, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Serbia, Kotun Koli ta Serbia, Kotun Tsarin Mulki, Babban Bankin Serbia, da Jamhuriyar Jama'a."Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance". Retrieved 17 February 2017

 Manazarta