Operation Persil

Opération Persil wani aiki ne na sirri da gwamnatin Faransa ta yi a shekarar 1960 da nufin tada zaune tsaye a gwamnatin Guinea bayan samun 'yancin kai, saboda kin amincewar da shugaban ƙasar Guinea Ahmed Sékou Touré ya yi na kin amincewa da kuɗin CFA da kuma nasarar yakin neman yancin cin gashin kai na ƙasar Guinea.

 Fage 
A watan Satumba na shekarar 1958, an gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama na tsarin mulki a Guinea, sannan har yanzu ƙasar Faransa ce ta yi mulkin mallaka, wanda idan aka amince da shi, mulkin mallaka na Faransa zai zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar al'ummar Faransa; idan aka ƙi, za a ba yankin yancin kai. A yayin yakin neman zaɓen raba gardama shugaban ƙasar Faransa Charles de Gaulle ya ziyarci ƙasar Guinea. Guinea ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe biyu kacal da babbar jam'iyyar siyasa ta yi yakin neman zaɓen "a'a". Ƙasar ta zama ita kaɗai ta ki amincewa da tayin kuma ta zaɓi samun 'yancin kai nan take. A ranar 2 ga watan Oktoban 1958, Guinea ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta ƙarƙashin shugaba Ahmed Sékou Touré.

Touré da farko ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gaba da yin hulɗa da Faransa, yana mai bayyana sha'awar ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yankin franc (CFA franc). Sai dai Faransawan da ke mulkin mallaka a Guinea sun janye daga ƙasar cikin gaggawa. Jaridar Washington Post ta ruwaito cewa, "a matsayin gargaɗi ga sauran yankuna masu magana da harshen Faransa, Faransawa sun fice daga Guinea na tsawon watanni biyu, suna kwashe duk abin da za su iya tare da su. Sun kwance fitulun fitilu, sun cire shirye-shiryen bututun najasa a Conakry, babban birnin ƙasar, har ma da kona magunguna maimakon barin su ga 'yan Guinea."  Gwamnatin Faransa kuma ta daina biyan fansho na sojojin Guinea da suka yi yaƙi da Faransa,  kuma ba ta goyi bayan shigar Guinea cikin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba. 

 Ayyukan Persil 
A farkon shekara ta 1960, gwamnatin Guinea ta kirkiro babban bankinta tare da kaddamar da wani kuɗin waje mai zaman kansa, Guinea Franc. A martanin da ya mayar, Jacques Foccart, babban mashawarcin Charles de Gaulle kan al'amuran Afirka kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar 'yan tawayen Service d'Action Civique, ya tsara tsare-tsare na ɓoye don kawo cikas ga gwamnatin Touré. An sanya wa shirin suna Opération Persil, bayan sanannen nau'in wanki Persil. 

An ba da aikin don Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage (SDECE), da ke Senegal, don ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga masu yawa na jabun Guinean francs don ambaliya ƙasar tare da kawo hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da durkushewar tattalin arziƙi, kama da na Nazi Operation Bernhard. Takardun kuɗin da Faransa ke samarwa sun fi juriya ga yanayin ɗanshi na Guinea fiye da takardun kuɗin da aka samar a Czechoslovakia. 

SDECE ta kuma tanadi baiwa 'yan adawar Guinea makamai tare da tsara su a matsayin 'yan ta'adda da za su kai ga yakin basasa.  Sai dai aikin ya gamu da kura-kurai da dama, kuma nan ba da jimawa ba, ɗan ƙasar Guinea ya gabatar da korafe-korafe da dama a hukumance. A ranar 10 ga watan Mayun 1960, 'yan sandan Senegal sun kama wani babban jigilar makamai da ke kan hanyar zuwa Guinea - jigilar makamai da gwamnatin Faransa ta shirya a ƙarƙashin Opération Persil. Gwamnatin Senegal, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Firayim Minista Mamadou Dia, ta kaddamar da bincike a hukumance game da lamarin tare da aika koke a hukumance ga gwamnatin Faransa.  Daga baya gwamnatin Faransa ta yi watsi da aikin. 

 Manazarta