Kisan kiyashi na Fort-Dauphin (Madagascar)

Kisan gillar da aka yi a Fort Dauphin wani kisan kiyashi ne da ya faru a yammacin ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1674 a yankin gaɓar tekun Faransa na Fort-Dauphin, a yankin Anosy na Tolagnaro na Madagascar. Antanosy ƴan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa ne suka aikata shi, an kai shi ga ƴan mulkin mallaka na Faransa waɗanda suka zauna a Fort-Dauphin tun daga shekarar 1642 a matsayin wani yunƙuri na daidaita tsibirin Madagascar ta Masarautar Faransa. Kisan kiyashin ya kawo ktarshen guguwar farko da mulkin mallaka da Faransa ta yi wa ƙasar Madagaska.Tricoire, D. (2016). Une histoire franco-malgache des établissements français à Madagascar aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : identités flottantes, métissages et collaborations.  Outre-Mers, 392-393, 237-259. https://doi.org/10.3917/om.162.0237

 Fort-Dauphin da share fage na kisan kiyashi 
Tsakanin shekarun 1642 zuwa 1674, an aika da fararen hula da sojoji kusan 4,000 na Faransa zuwa ga garin Fort-Dauphin mai kagara. Duk da cewa sun keɓe wurin da za a mayar da su gonakin noma, amma ’yan mulkin mallaka ba su da kwarewa wajen noman amfanin gona a irin wannan yanayi, maimakon haka suka koma ciniki don tsira. Duk da haka, jiragen ruwa da yawa ba za su tsaya a Fort-Dauphin ba saboda rashin damar tattalin arziki kuma daga shekarun 1648 zuwa 1654 babu wani jirgin ruwa daya isa yankin.

Ita kanta katangar an yi ta ne da ciyawa kuma gidajen bukkoki ne kawai da aka yi da itace, da ciyayi da ciyayi, wanda hakan ya sa al’umma su kasance masu saurin kai hari. Bayan da sarakunan Anosy suka sayi makamai daga Turawa sun zama masu ƙarfi kamar maƙwabtansu na Faransa, suna lalata duk wata fa'ida ta soja da garin zai iya bayarwa.

A tsawon wanzuwar mulkin mallaka ya dogara ne da kariya da taimakon ƙabilun Antanosy na yankin, waɗanda suke da kyakkyawar alaƙa da su. Faransawa sun haɗa kai da waɗannan ƙabilu don yaƙi da maƙiyinsu mai ƙarfi, babban jigo Dian Manangue, wanda ke zaune a yammacin ƙauyen, kusa da kogin Mandrare. Tattalin arzikin mallaka cikin sauri ya juya daga wanda ya dogara da dalilai na kasuwanci zuwa tsarin da ya dogara kawai kan hare-haren da ake kaiwa abokan hamayyarsu.

Masu mishan da yawa sun shiga balaguron da nufin maida al'ummar Anosy zuwa Roman Katolika, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice da dama tsakanin 'yan mulkin mallaka da 'yan asalin katsar. A shekara ta 1663 an kashe fitaccen ɗan ƙasar Faransa Lazarist Père Étienne tare da abokan aikinsa bayan da Etienne ya yi kokarin cire wasu laya daga wuyan Manangue. Faransawa sun mayar da martani da kamfen na kwanaki shida a kan masarautar kogin Mandrare. Wani wanda ya shiga aikin ya ce sojojin Faransa sun kona ƙauyuka 150 a yankin Manangue, inda suka kashe sojoji da fararen hula 1,000 tare da kwashe shanu 4,000 a yakin na kwanaki shida.https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/32701/2007%20Colonies%20Lost.P.Larson.pdf

Turawan mulkin mallaka sun kasance a cikin wani yanayi na bakin ciki da rashin tausayi, inda aka jefa su cikin matsanancin talauci kuma da yawan gaske suna mutuwa saboda yunwa, yaki, da cututtuka, wanda wasu masu lura da al'amura ke cewa babu wani bambanci a salon rayuwa tsakanin Faransawa da Antanosy. Lallai, ƴan mulkin mallaka, waɗanda kusan gaba ɗaya maza ne, a kai a kai suna yin jima'i da matan Antanosy kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya masu gauraye da yawa. Da farko dai hukumar mulkin mallaka ta amince da waɗannan alakoki ta jima'i da fatan za su haifar da dunkulewar 'yan ƙasar a hankali cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Turai. Haƙiƙa alaƙar tana da akasin tasirin - ƴan mulkin mallaka sun fara magana da yaren gida har ma sun ƙaura zuwa ƙauyukan Antanosy. Duk da yunƙurin da ’yan mishan da jami’ai suka yi na hana waɗannan abubuwan faruwa, ba da daɗewa ba matan Antanosy da ƙwaraƙwara suka fara yin tasiri sosai a kan al’ummar Fort-Dauphin, suna yin jima’i da mazaje da dama ciki har da shi kansa gwamna (wanda ya haifar da ɓarna da aka yi garkuwa da gwamnan a cikin ɗakin kwana na tsawon watanni shida).

 Kisan Kiyashi 
Bayan fiye da shekaru talatin da wanzuwa, a ƙarshe turawan mulkin mallaka na Fort-Dauphin na Faransa ya zama nauyi a kan ƙabilun Antanosy na gida. Baya ga taɓarɓarewar albarkatun da turawan mulkin mallaka ke wakilta, yadda suke rayuwa a yakin da suke yi ya kawo illa ne kawai da kuma kara raba dangantaka tsakanin ƙabilu. Ɗaya daga cikin na karshe shi ne lokacin da wani jirgin ruwa da gwamnatin Faransa ta aike mai suna The Dunkerquoise ɗauke da akalla mata Faransawa goma sha biyu da ba su da aure ya isa yankin, sannan aka daura musu aure da maza 'yan mulkin mallaka. Matan Antanosy da ƙwaraƙwaran, waɗanda dangantakarsu da ’yan mulkin mallaka ta rikiɗe zuwa “ƙawancen aure” da ke tsare Fort-Dauphin, sun fusata da fargabar cewa za a maye gurbinsu da ƙare aurensu, inda suka bar sansanin da aka kai hari. Sarakunan, ganin cewa mulkin Manangue na kara karfi, kuma abokansu na Faransa sun yi rauni, sai suka yanke shawarar haɗa karfi da karfe da Manangue, da sanin cewa idan ba su yi haka ba, to da kansu za a yi musu kisan kiyashi tare da abokan hulɗar su da ba su da karfi a Fort-Dauphin.

A ranar 16 ga watan Agustan 1674, mayakan Antanosy sun kai hari ga kagara mara kyau. Sun kashe aƙalla ƴan mulkin mallaka na Faransa 74 (ta wasu ƙididdiga sama da ɗari), tare da raunata ɗaruruwan wasu, da yawa da muni. Bayan kisan kiyashin ya ƙare, rabin mazaunan suna kwance matattu daga kisan. Waɗanda suka tsira da suka yi nasarar ɓuya daga maharan sun bar garin suka tsere a cikin jirgin Blanc Pignon ( English: white pigeon ) zuwa tsibirin Bourbon, yanzu Réunion.

Bayan kisan kiyashin an lalata burin Faransa na sasanta Madagascar kuma an kawo ƙarshen zaman Faransa a tsibirin. Gwajin da aka yi a Fort-Dauphin, yanzu an yi la'akari da samfurin yadda ba za a kafa mulkin mallaka ba, an yi la'akari da bala'i kuma ya rushe duk wani fata na sake dawo da Faransawa na tsibirin. Fiye da shekaru ɗari kafin Faransawa su koma Madagascar, suka kafa mulkin mallaka na Ile Saint-Marie (yanzu Nosy Boroha), ko da yake an kashe wannan yankin har sau biyu, sau ɗaya a shekara ta 1751 da kuma wani lokaci a shekarar 1752. Bayan shekaru da yawa na rikice-rikice na makamai tare da mazauna gida da tattaunawa da daular Burtaniya, an kafa mulkin mallaka na Faransa Madagascar a shekarar 1897.

 Duba kuma 

 Kisan Indiya na 1622

 Manazarta