Larbi Ben M'hidi

Mohammed Larbi Ben M'hidi (1923 - 4 Maris 1957), wanda aka fi sani da Si Larbi, ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Aljeriya kuma fitaccen mutum a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Aljeriya. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane shida da suka kafa ƙungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta Aljeriya (FLN) waɗanda suka kaddamar da zanga-zanga ɗauke da makamai a duk faɗin kasar Aljeriya don nuna adawa da mulkin mallaka na Faransa tare da fitar da sanarwar kafa ƙasar Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta.

Tun da farko Ben M'hidi ya jagoranci Wilaya V (yankin soja a yankin Oran) kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a taron Soummam na FLN a watan Agustan 1956. Ya jagoranci ayyukan FLN a lokacin Yaƙin Algiers inda ya kasance memba na ƙarshe na FLN 's Comité de Coordination et d'Exécution (CCE; Kwamitin Gudanarwa da Aiwatarwa). Ben M'hidi ya kasance mai imani mai karfi da cewa ya kamata a yi juyin juya hali na "ciki" maimakon "masu juyin juya hali" na waje. 

Sojojin Faransa sun kama shi a watan Fabrairun 1957. Pierre Gorlin, jami'in yaɗa labarai na Robert Lacoste ne ya sanar da mutuwarsa a cikin watan Maris 1957. Abubuwan da suka faru game da mutuwarsa sun yi jayayya, kuma mutane da yawa sun yi jayayya cewa an azabtar da shi kafin a kashe shi a takaice. Da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka san shi, sun yi watsi da yiwuwar ya kashe kansa, kamar yadda kafafen yaɗa labarai suka ruwaito, saboda kishin addinin Musulunci da ya haramta kashe kansa. A shekara ta 2000, Janar Aussaresses ya yarda cewa an kashe Ben M'hidi yayin da yake tsare, duk da haka, ainihin gaskiyar mutuwarsa ta kasance abin asiri har yau. Ana kallon Ben M'hidi a matsayin gwarzon ƙasa a Aljeriya kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin alama ce ta juyin juya halin da ya kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na Faransa. Bayan shekaru sittin na kisan gilla, a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 2024, shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron, ya yarda cewa "Sojojin Faransa ne suka kashe Ben M'hidi" a shekarar 1957.  

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Larbi Ben M'hidi a wani lokaci a cikin shekarar 1923 zuwa dangin marabout da suka fito daga kabilar Larabawa ta Ouled Derradj  a ƙauyen El Kouahi, Ain M'lila, wanda ke cikin sashin Constantine a lokacin. Yana da shekaru 4 ya fara karatun kur'ani kuma ya zama Hafiz a makarantar addini da masallacin kakansa, wanda daga bisani hukumomin Faransa suka lalata shi. Ya halarci makarantar Faransa a Batna don ya ci gaba da karatunsa - a nan ne ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar firamare (Certificat d'études primaires élémentaires). Daga baya dangin Ben M'hidi suka ƙaura zuwa Biskra, inda Larbi Ben M'hidi ya fara makarantar sakandare. A shekarar 1939 ya shiga kungiyar Scout na Aljeriya, inda ya zama shugaban kungiyar cikin kankanin lokaci kuma ya samu sha'awar gwagwarmayar makami. Ya nemi aiki a sashen kayan masarufi na barikin Faransa a lokacin da yake son zuwa kusa da sojoji, daga karshe aka dauke shi aiki. Ya saci bindigu da wasu takardu masu bayanai sannan ya daina aiki a can ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga siyasa da yi wa ƙasa hidima. 

 Tawaye 
Ben M'hidi ya zama mabiyin Messali Hadj kuma ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Aljeriya (PPA) ta Messali a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, yana samun gagarumin nauyi cikin sauri a cikin tafiyar. An kama Ben M'hidi washegarin bayan tawayen Setif kan sojojin Faransa da suka mamaye a watan Mayun 1945.   An murkushe zanga-zangar ta hanyar abin da a yanzu ake kira kisan kiyashin Setif. An kama shi a Biskra kuma an ɗaure shi a kurkukun Coudiat a Constantine na tsawon watanni hudu.   Kisan gillar da sojojin Faransa suka yi a Setif, Guelma da Kherrata ya girgiza shi kwata-kwata. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris 1946, an sake Ben M'Hidi daga kurkuku saboda afuwar da aka yi wa yawancin masu kishin ƙasa da aka ɗaure a kurkuku saboda tarzomar 1945.  An wargaza PPA ne bayan tarzomar Setif na shekarar 1945, kuma an maye gurbinta a cikin watan Oktoba 1946 da Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD), wanda Messali Hadj ke jagoranta. A cikin shekarar 1950, an yanke wa Ben M'hidi hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari.  Ben M'hidi da wasu mambobi takwas na wannan yunkuri ba da jimawa ba suka ƙasa hakuri da Hadj, suka yanke shawarar kafa kwamitin juyin juya hali na haɗin kai da aiki (CRUA), a ranar 30 ga watan Maris 1954. A cikin watan Mayu da Yuni 1954, sun yanke shawarar cewa za a raba Algeria gida biyar; An ba Ben M'hidi shiyya ta 5, Oran.  A ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba, Larbi Ben M'hidi da wasu mambobin kungiyar CRUA biyar sun amince da sauyin, wanda hakan ya haifar da kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta ƙasa  (FLN) da National Liberation Army (ALN). A wani taro a Climat de France, wani gida da ke kallon Bab El Oued, FLN ta yanke shawarar kaddamar da tawaye, wanda ya ɓarke a safiyar ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 1954, kuma cikin sauri ya karu zuwa yakin Aljeriya. Ɓarkewar nan da nan ya zama sananne da suna "Toussaint Rouge" (Red All Saints Day) kamar yadda ya zo daidai da bikin Katolika.  Ben M'hidi, Mourad Didouche, Rabah Bitat, Krim Belkacem, Mohammed Boudiaf, da Mostefa Ben Boulaïd ne suka gudanar da tawayen a cikin gida, yayin da wasu mambobi uku (Hocine Ait Ahmed, Ahmed Ben Bella, da Mohammed Khider) ke aiki a waje a Alkahira. Daga baya aka fara kiransu da suna "Mazajen Nuwamba". 

An naɗa Ben M'hidi Wilaya V (Oran), duk da haka, ya gamu da matsaloli na musamman saboda yankin da girgizar ƙasa ta afku a kwanan nan, kuma makaman da aka yi alkawari ba su isa ba.

A ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba, 1955, Ben M'hidi ya karɓi shugabancin Zone Autonome d'Alger (ZAA) kuma ya naɗa Yacef Saadi a matsayin mataimaki. A ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1956, wata mujallar FLN da Ben M'Hidi da Abane Ramdane suka rubuta ta bayyana cewa: "Dukkan hukuncin kisa na mayaka za a bi shi da ramuwar gayya.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923