Yaƙin Ngomano

An yi Yaƙin Ngomano ko Negomano tsakanin Jamus da Portugal a lokacin Yakin Gabashin Afirka na yakin duniya na farko. Sojojin Jamus da Askaris a karkashin Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck kwanan nan sun sami nasara mai tsada a kan Birtaniya a Yaƙin Mahiwa, a Tanzania na yanzu kuma sun rasa abinci da sauran kayayyaki. A sakamakon haka, Jamusawa sun mamaye Portuguese East Africa zuwa kudu, duka don samar da kansu da kayan Portuguese da aka kama da kuma tserewa daga manyan sojojin Burtaniya zuwa arewa.

Portugal ta kasance wani ɓangare na Entente kuma mai fafutuka, tana amfani da sojoji a Faransa da Afirka; don haka an aika da karfi a karkashin Major João Teixeira Pinto don dakatar da von Lettow-Vorbeck daga ƙetare iyaka. Jamusawa sun kewaye Portuguese, yayin da suke sansani a Ngomano a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1917. Yaƙin ya ga kusan sojojin Portugal sun hallaka, tare da kashe sojoji da yawa kuma an kama su. Juyin juya halin Portuguese ya ba Jamusawa damar kwace kayayyaki da yawa kuma ci gaba da aiki a Gabashin Afirka har zuwa karshen yakin.

 Tarihi 
A ƙarshen Nuwamba 1917, an bar Jamusawa a Gabashin Afirka da 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka idan suna so su ci gaba da yakin. Sun fi yawa kuma an raba su zuwa ginshiƙai daban-daban. Biyu mafi girma daga cikin wadannan, a karkashin Theodor Tafel da Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, an yanke su gaba ɗaya daga juna. Kodayake ginshiƙi na von Lettow-Vorbeck ya ci nasara a kan babbar rundunar Burtaniya a Yaƙin Mahiwa ya rasa adadi mai yawa na sojoji kuma ya kashe kusan dukkanin kayan aikinsa na zamani. Tare da makamai masu tsufa kawai kuma babu hanyar sake samarwa, von Lettow-Vorbeck ya yanke shawarar mamaye Gabashin Afirka na Portugal da fatan samun isasshen kayan aiki don ci gaba da yakin. Babu wani cikas na doka ga wannan harin; yin aiki a kan bukatar Burtaniya, Portugal ta kwace jiragen ruwa 36 na Jamus da Austro-Hungary da aka kafa a gaban Lisbon a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1916 kuma Jamus ta ayyana yaƙi da Portugal a ranar 9 ga Maris 1916.

Kodayake sojojin Tafel sun tsayar da su kuma sun mika wuya kafin su kai iyaka, von Lettow-Vorbeck da ginshiƙansa sun sami damar isa Kogin Rovuma. Da yake fuskantar karancin kayayyaki, janar din Jamus ya rage ƙarfinsa ta hanyar korar Askaris da yawa, waɗanda ba za a iya ba su isasshen kayan aiki ba, da kuma mabiya sansanin da yawa. Tare da raguwar ƙarfinsa, von Lettow-Vorbeck ya yi shiri na kai hari kan sojojin Portugal a fadin kogi a Ngomano. Sojojin Portuguese sun kasance 'yan asalin ƙasar da jami'an Turai ke jagoranta a ƙarƙashin João Teixeira Pinto, tsohon soja mai gwagwarmaya a Afirka. Maimakon shirya matsayi na tsaro, Portuguese sun fara gina babban sansani a lokacin da suka isa Ngomano a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba. Pinto yana da sojoji 900 tare da bindigogi shida da kuma babban kayan ajiya amma ƙarfinsa mara ƙwarewa bai dace da sojojin von Lettow-Vorbeck ba, wanda ya haye kogi tare da tsakanin 1,500 da 2,000 tsoffin sojoji da kuma adadi mai yawa na masu ɗaukar kaya.

 Yaƙi 
Da karfe 07:00 na safe a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, sojojin Fotigal a Ngomano sun sami labari daga wani jami'in leken asiri na Burtaniya cewa harin yana gab da farawa. Duk da haka, lokacin da harin ya zo ba su da shiri. Don janye hankalin Pinto da mutanensa, Jamusawa sun harbe sansanin daga fadin kogi tare da manyan fashewa. Yayinda bindigogi suka kai hari sansanin, Jamusawa sun tura sojojin su sama kuma suka haye Rovuma lafiya daga ganin Pinto da mutanensa. Portuguese ba su yi tsayayya da sojojin von Lettow-Vorbeck ba lokacin da suka haye kogi kuma suka kasance a sansani a Ngomano. Jamusawa sun sami damar kewaye da matsayin Portuguese kuma sun kewaye su gaba ɗaya tare da kamfanoni shida na sojan Jamus da ke kai hari sansanin daga kudu, kudu maso gabas da yamma.

Bayan an gargadi shi game da harin, kwamandan Portuguese ya sami damar fara shirye-shiryen harin; duk da haka, ya shirya karɓar hari na gaba kuma lokacin da sojojin suka kai hari daga baya ya yi mamakin gaba ɗaya. Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙari su kafa kansu a cikin ramukan bindiga, amma sun zama masu rikicewa bayan an kashe Pinto da wasu jami'ai da yawa a farkon aikin.

Jamusawa ba su da yawa a cikin hanyar manyan makamai, saboda sun watsar da mafi yawan bindigogin su da bindigoginsu saboda rashin harsashi. Duk da karancin makamai von Lettow-Vorbeck ya sami damar motsa bindigogi huɗu a kusa da ramukan bindiga, yana amfani da su kawai a kusa don tabbatar da cewa ba za a ɓata makamansa ba. Rashin ƙwarewar Portuguese ya zama faduwarsu; duk da harbe-harbe da suka yi sama da 30,000, wadanda suka mutu a Jamus sun kasance da sauƙi, ciki har da mutum daya kawai daga cikin jami'an su. Da yake samun mummunan rauni, bayan sun rasa kwamandan su, kuma sun sami kansu ba tare da bege ba, Portuguese a ƙarshe sun mika wuya duk da gaskiyar cewa suna da isasshen kayan soja don ci gaba da aikin.

 Sakamakon haka 
Rashin mutuwar Jamus ba ta da yawa, tare da Askaris uku kawai da Turai daya da aka kashe. Portuguese, a gefe guda, sun sha wahala sosai kuma ta hanyar kasa hana sojojin von Lettow-Vorbeck ƙetare Rovuma ya ba shi damar ci gaba da yakin har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. Kimanin wadanda suka mutu na Portuguese ya bambanta, tare da wasu kafofin da ke ba da adadi na fiye da 200 Portuguese da aka kashe da rauni kuma kusan 700 da aka kama;  wasu marubuta sun bayyana kusan 25 Portuguese da suka mutu tare da 162 Askari, tare da kusan 500 da aka kama. Jamusawa sun yi amfani da fursunonin yaki a matsayin masu ɗaukar kaya don zagaye 250,000 na harsashi, bindigogi shida da daruruwan bindigogi waɗanda aka kama. Tare da wannan kayan aiki, Jamusawa sun sami nasarar sake samar da karfi gaba daya. Von Lettow-Vorbeck ya watsar kuma ya lalata mafi yawan makaman Jamus na sojojinsa wanda ba shi da harsashi kuma ya shirya dakarunsa da makamai na Fotigal da na Burtaniya. An yi amfani da kayan aikin Portuguese da aka kwace daga fursunonin da aka kama don maye gurbin tsoffin Jamusanci da rundunar ta sa a baya.

Von Lettow-Vorbeck bai zauna a Ngomano na dogon lokaci ba kuma nan da nan ya yi tafiya da sojojinsa a kudu don kai farmaki ga wasu matsayi na Portuguese, ya bar kamfani daya kawai a Ngomano a matsayin mai tsaron baya idan Birtaniya ta yanke shawarar bin shi zuwa Portuguese East Africa. Sojojinsa sun sami karin nasarori da yawa yayin da suke kwace karin kayayyaki da harsashi kafin su koma Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka a shekarar 1918. 

 Bayani 

Majiya