Slovakia

Slovakia, [b] a hukumance Jamhuriyar Slovak, [c] ƙasa ce marar iyaka a Turai ta Tsakiya. Tana iyaka da Poland a arewa, Ukraine a gabas, Hungary a kudu, Austria zuwa yamma, da Jamhuriyar Czech a arewa maso yamma. Mafi yawan yankin tsaunuka na Slovakia ya kai kimanin kilomita 49,000 (square 19,000), wanda ya dauki nauyin fiye da miliyan 5.4. Babban birni kuma mafi girma shine Bratislava, yayin da birni na biyu mafi girma shine Košice.

Slavs sun isa ƙasar Slovakia ta yau a cikin ƙarni na 5 da 6. Daga ƙarshen karni na 6, an haɗa sassan Slovakia na zamani a cikin Avar Khaghanate. A cikin karni na 7, Slavs sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙirƙirar daular Samo. Lokacin da Avar Khaghanate ya narke a cikin karni na 9, Slavs sun kafa Mulkin Nitra kafin Masarautar Moravia ta hade shi, wanda daga baya ya zama Babban Moravia. Lokacin da Babban Moravia ya fadi a karni na 10, an haɗa yankin zuwa cikin Mulkin Hungary a ƙarshen karni na 9, wanda daga baya ya zama Masarautar Hungary a cikin 1000.Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998). Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic myth and legend. ABC-CLIO. p. 375. ISBN 978-1-57607-130-4. Retrieved 23 April 2009.A cikin 1241 da 1242, bayan mamayewar Mongol na Turai, yawancin yankin ya lalace, amma an kwato shi da yawa godiya ga Sarkin Hungarian Béla IV. A cikin ƙarni na 16 da na 17, an haɗa sassan kudancin Slovakia a yau cikin lardunan Daular Ottoman.Pirický, Gabriel (3 March 2023), "The Legacy of the Ottoman (Turkish) Age in Slovakia in the 21st Century", Europe's Islamic Legacy: 1900 to the Present, Brill, pp. 29–47, doi:10.1163/9789004510722_004, ISBN 978-90-04-51072-2, retrieved 1 November 2024Ágoston, Gábor (1998). "HABSBURGS AND OTTOMANS: Defense, Military Change and Shifts in Power". Turkish Studies Association Bulletin. 22 (1): 126–141. ISSN 0275-6048. JSTOR 43385414. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

Tarihi
Babban labarin: Tarihin Slovakia

Venus daga Moravany nad Váhom, wadda ta koma 22,800 BC.
Ana samun tsoffin kayan tarihi na ɗan adam daga Slovakia a kusa da Nové Mesto nad Váhom kuma an rubuta su a 270,000 KZ, a zamanin Farkon Paleolithic. Waɗannan tsoffin kayan aikin, waɗanda dabarun Clactonian suka yi, suna ba da shaida ga tsohon mazaunin Slovakia.[22

Sauran kayan aikin dutse daga zamanin Paleolithic na Tsakiya (200,000-80,000 KZ) sun fito ne daga kogon Prévôt (Prepoštská) a Bojnice da kuma daga wasu wuraren da ke kusa.[23] Mafi mahimmancin binciken da aka gano a wannan zamanin shine cranium Neanderthal (kimanin 200,000 KZ), wanda aka gano kusa da Gánovce, wani ƙauye a arewacin Slovakia.

Masu binciken archaeologists sun sami kwarangwal na ɗan adam a cikin yankin, da abubuwa da yawa da abubuwan al'adun Gravettian, musamman a cikin kwarin kogin Nitra, Hron, Ipeľ, Váh da kuma har zuwa birnin Žilina, kuma kusa da ƙafar Vihorlat, Inovec, da tsaunin My, da Tribeč. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da su sun haɗa da mutum-mutumin mata mafi tsufa da aka yi da ƙashi na mammoth (22,800 KZ), sanannen Venus na Moravany. An gano mutum-mutumin a cikin 1940s a Moravany nad Váhom kusa da Piešťany. Yawancin wuyan wuyan wuyan hannu da aka yi da bawo daga Cypraca thermophile gastropods na zamanin Jami'a sun fito daga wuraren Zákovská, Podkovice, Hubina, da Radošina. Waɗannan binciken sun ba da mafi daɗaɗɗen shaida na musayar kasuwanci da aka gudanar tsakanin Bahar Rum da Tsakiyar Turai

 Manazarta 

Asalin sunanta
Duba kuma: Slovaks § Suna
Sunan Slovakia yana nufin "Ƙasar Slavs" (Slovensko a cikin Slovak wanda ya samo asali daga tsohuwar siffar Sloven/Slovienin). Kamar yadda irin wannan, shi ne cognate na kalmomin Slovenia da Slavonia. A cikin Latin, Jamusanci, har ma da wasu tushen Slavic, sau da yawa ana amfani da sunan iri ɗaya ga Slovaks, Slovenians, Slavonicians, da Slavs gabaɗaya. A cewar daya daga cikin ka'idojin, sabon nau'i na sunan kasa da aka kafa ga kakannin Slovaks tsakanin karni na 13 zuwa na 14, mai yiwuwa saboda tasirin kasashen waje; kalmar Czech Slovák (a cikin maɓuɓɓuka na tsakiya daga 1291 zuwa gaba).[18] Wannan fom a hankali ya maye gurbin sunan maza na al'ummar, amma sunan mace (Slovenka), dangane da ƙasashen da suke zama (Slovensko) da sunan yare (slovenčina) duk sun kasance iri ɗaya, tare da tushensu a cikin tsofaffin nau'i (kwatanta da takwarorinsu na Slovenia). Yawancin fassarorin ƙasashen waje suna fitowa daga wannan sabuwar sigar (Slovakia a cikin Ingilishi, Slowakei cikin Jamusanci, Slovaquie a cikin Faransanci, da sauransu).

A cikin majiyoyin Latin na tsakiya, an yi amfani da kalmomi: Slavus, Slavonia, ko Slavorum (da ƙarin bambance-bambancen, tun daga farkon 1029)[18]. A cikin majiyoyin Jamusanci, sunayen ƙasashen Slovak sune Windenland ko Windische Lande (farkon ƙarni na 15), [19] tare da siffofin Slovakia da Schlowakei waɗanda suka fara bayyana a cikin karni na 16.[20]. Sigar Slovak na yanzu Slovensko an fara shaida shi a shekara ta 1675.[21