Zainab Asvat

Dr. Zainab Asvat (an haife ta a shekara ta 1920 - 30 Nuwamba 2013) 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata. An horar da Asvat a matsayin likita, amma ta kasance mai aiki a siyasance mafi yawan rayuwarta.

Asvat ita ce mace musulma ta farko da ta zama likita a Afirka ta Kudu.  Mijinta, Dr. Aziz Kazi likita ne kuma sakataren Transvaal Indian Congress 

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
Asvat T'tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Ibrahim da Fatima Asvat goma sha ɗaya.  Mahaifin Asvat ya ɗauki 'yarsa zuwa taron siyasa lokacin da take yarinya kuma hakan ya taimaka mata ta fara siyasa da wuri. Ita ce mace Musulma ta farko da ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Transvaal A cikin shekarar 1940s. Ta yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Witwatersrand bayan da Yusuf Dadoo ya yi tasiri a kan wanda ya dawo daga karatun likitancinsa a Edinburgh.

 Aiki 
A cikin shekarar 1946, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta zartar da Dokar Yankin Asiya da Wakilcin Indiya. 28, wanda kuma ake kira "Dokar Ghetto." Wannan doka ta haramtawa 'yan Indiya mazauna Afirka ta Kudu izinin mallakar filaye sai dai a cikin "yankunan da ba a keɓe ba." Asvat ta ɗauki hutun shekara guda a shekara ta uku ta makaranta, a cikin shekarar 1946 don tafiya zuwa Durban inda ta kasance wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Neman Juriya.   A lokacin kamfen, masu adawa sun kafa tantuna a kusurwar Umbilo Road da Gale Street a Durban a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 1946. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi mahalarta goma sha takwas, shida daga cikinsu mata: Zainab Asvat, Zohra Bhayat, Amina Pahad, Zubeida Patel na Johannesburg, Lakshmi Govender, Veeramah Pather na Durban. Shugabannin wannan juriya sune Monty Naicker, Shugaban Natal Indian Congress (NIC) da MD Naidoo, Sakataren NIC. 'Yar uwarta, Amina Cachalia ta zo tare da abokanta na makaranta sun zo don taya murna da waƙa ga ƙungiyar. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuni 1946, an lalata tantunansu, an sace su kuma Asvat ta ji rauni lokacin da tanti ya faɗo mata.  An yi wa mutane biyar duka a sume sakamakon harin. Zainab ta yi wani zazzafan magana ta ce, "Yan iska ko ba 'yan iska ba, ku ci gaba da zama dole, kuma mu ci gaba". Hare-haren ya kara samun goyon bayan juriya kuma dubban mutane sun zo tantin domin nuna goyon bayansu.  An kama ta a takaice a ranar 28 ga watan watan, amma da daddare aka sake ta.  Wannan kamen ya yi tasiri a kan kanwar Asvat, Amina Cachalia, wacce daga baya kuma ta zama mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata.  Kwana ɗaya bayan kama shi, Asvat ta yi jawabi ga taron mata 800 a gidan sinima na Avalon, inda ya zaburar da kungiyar ta ci gaba da yin turjiya. A watan Yuli, an kama ta tare da wasu masu adawa da ita kuma an tura ta kurkuku har zuwa farkon watan Oktoba.

Bayan an sake ta daga gidan yari, Asvat, PK Naidoo da Suriakala Patel aka zaɓa a kwamitin TIC kuma sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka taɓa zaɓa a kwamitin TIC. Daga nan Asvat ta koma makarantar likitanci kuma sai a shekarar 1956 ta sake shiga harkar siyasa.  Asvat, kamar yawancin matan Indiya, ta shiga ƙungiyar matan Afirka ta Kudu don yaƙar wariyar launin fata a cikin shekarar 1950s.  Ta shirya wani "cibiyar tallafi" ga iyalan masu fafutuka 156 da aka kama a watan Disamba 1956. Asvat ta kuma bayar da abinci ga masu fafutuka da ake zargi a lokacin shari'ar da suke yi. 

A cikin watan Disamba 1963, Asvat ta shirya Macin na Mata zuwa Gine-ginen Ƙungiyar, inda ita da sauran masu fafutuka suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da ƙaura yanki da Majalisar Ƙasa ta Indiya. ‘Yan sandan sun kafa karnukan su a kan masu zanga-zangar tare da tuhume su da sanduna.  A shekarar 1964, an dakatar da ita daga Afirka ta Kudu na tsawon shekaru biyar. Daga nan sai ta gano cewa za a sake saka mata takunkumi na tsawon shekaru biyar. Asvat da mijinta, Dr. Aziz Kazi, sun sami izinin fita kuma suka ƙaura zuwa London, suna neman mafakar siyasa.

 Bayan  rasuwa da mutuwa 
A shekara ta 2008, rawar da ta taka wajen adawa da wariyar launin fata wani ɓangare ne na nunin hoto mai suna "Nasararmu da Hawayenmu," wanda ya haɗa da hotunan Gisële Wulfsohn kuma an nuna shi a Slave Lodge Cape Town.

Asvat ta mutu a London a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 2013. 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Tunawa da Kai Zainab Asvat
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013