Baƙaken ladinos

Black Ladinos (Spanish: negros ladinos) Baƙar fata Ladinos ne na Hispanicized, an yi hijira zuwa Amurka ta Sifen bayan sun shafe lokaciesclavo ladino in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española: "Slave who spent over a year in slavery" a Spain.

An kira su negros ladinos ("an noma" ko "Latinized Blacks"), sabanin negros bozales ("Baƙar fata marasa ilimi"), watau waɗanda aka kama a Afirka. Ƙwarewar Ladinos ta ba su farashi mafi girma fiye da na bozale.Nicomedes Santa Cruz. Obras Completas II. Investigación (1958-1991), page 306, Nicomedes Santa Cruz, LibrosEnRed, 2004

Black Ladinos da aka haifa a cikin Amurka sune negros criollos ("Creole Blacks", cf. Creoles na launi).

 Tarihi 
Kafin zuwan Columbus zuwa Amurka, akwai[inda?] Baƙar fata waɗanda ko dai sun rayu a matsayin maza masu 'yanci, an kawo su ta hanyar cinikin bayi na Larabawa, ko kuma mulkin mallaka na Castilian ko Portuguese na Afirka. Bayan ɗan lokaci a cikin jama'ar Mutanen Espanya, waɗannan 'yan Afirka sun zama Kiristanci kuma sun koyi Mutanen Espanya. Akwai 50,000 Black Ladinos a Spain a cikin karni na 15.Génesis y desarrollo de la esclavitud en Colombia: siglos XVI y XVII Ko da yake baƙar fata ladinos sun fito daga sassa da yawa na nahiyar Afirka, yawancin sun samo asali ne a yankin Upper Guinea, ciki har da Senegal na zamani, Mali, Mauritania, da Guinea.

Bayan matakan farko na mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya na Amurka sun nuna cewa Amerindians ba su dace da aikin da masu nasara suka buƙaci ba (yawanci saboda cututtuka na Eurasian da ba a sani ba a cikin Amurka), Nicolás de Ovando ya yanke shawarar kawo bayi daga Spain.Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean, Volume 2: Social Dynamics and Cultural Transformations: Eastern South America and the Caribbean Tsakanin 1502 zuwa 1518, Castile ya kori ɗaruruwan bayi baƙar fata, da farko don yin aiki a matsayin masu hakar ma'adinai. Masu adawa da bautar da suke yi sun ba da misali da imaninsu na Kirista da kuma ƙoƙarin da suka yi na tserewa zuwa tsaunuka ko kuma su shiga ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka don yin tawaye. Magoya bayan sun bayyana cewa saurin raguwar al'ummar Amurkawa na buƙatar samar da daidaiton ma'aikata masu rahusa. Mutanen Espanya masu 'yanci sun yi jinkirin yin aikin hannu ko kuma su ci gaba da zama (musamman bayan gano zinare a babban ƙasa), kuma aikin bawa ne kawai ya tabbatar da yiwuwar tattalin arzikin yankunan.

 Misalai 
•Estevanico (kimanin 1500–1539), ɗan Berber wanda Turawan Fotigal suka kama kuma suka sayar da shi ga Macijin Sipaniya.

•Bayin da ke cikin schooner La Amistad an kama Mendes a Afirka amma masu siyan su na Cuban sun bayyana su a matsayin LadinosThe Amistad Case Archived November 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine don guje wa haramcin cinikin bayi na duniya.

 Manazarta