Manuela Sáenz

Manuela Sáenz de Vergara y Aizpuru (Quito, Viceroyalty of New Granada, 27 Disamba 1797 – Peru, 23 Nuwamba 1856) jarumar juyin juya halin Ecuador ce ta Kudancin Amurka wacce ta goyi bayan yunkurin juyin juya hali ta hanyar tattara bayanai, rarraba takardu da zanga-zangar neman 'yancin mata. Manuela ta karɓi Order of the Sun (" Caballeresa del Sol " ko "Dame of the Sun"), tana girmama ayyukanta a cikin juyin juya hali.

Sáenz ta auri hamshakin likitan ɗan Ingilishi a cikin shekarar 1817 kuma ya zama ɗan zamantakewa a Lima, Peru. Wannan ya samar da yanayin shiga cikin harkokin siyasa da na soja, kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka wajen goyon bayan yunkurin juyin juya hali. Ta bar mijinta a shekarar 1822, nan da nan ta fara haɗin gwiwa na shekaru takwas da dangantaka mai zurfi tare da Simón Bolívar wanda ya daɗe har mutuwarsa a shekarar 1830. Bayan da ta hana yunkurin kisan gilla da aka yi masa a shekarar 1828 kuma ta taimaka masa wajen tserewa, Bolívar ya fara kiranta da "Libertadora del libertador" ("mai 'yantar da 'yanci"). A wata wasiƙar da ba a san inda ta rubuta ba, ta yi iƙirarin cewa "Mai 'Yanci ba ya mutuwa", duk da cewa ita ce ke da alhakin tsira. An yi watsi da rawar da Manuela ta taka a juyin juya hali bayan mutuwarta har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na ashirin, amma yanzu an gane ta a matsayin alamar mata ta yakin 'yancin kai na ƙarni na 19.

 Rayuwa 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Manuela a Quito, Viceroyalty na New Granada, 'yar cikin shege na Maria Joaquina Aizpuru daga Ekwador kuma 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya mai aure Simón Sáenz de Vergara y Yedra (ko Sáenz y Verega). Mahaifiyarta ta kasance danginta masu tawali'u sun watsar da ita sakamakon ciki kuma mahaifinta ya biya matashin "Manuelita" don zuwa makaranta a Convent of Santa Catalina inda ta koyi karatu da rubutu. Yayin da take can, ta ci karo da wani microcosm na tsarin mulkin mallaka na Spaniya, tare da fararen nuns da ke mulki a kan babban ruƙuni na mestiza da bayi na asali da kuyangi. Ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar manyan malamai na Santa Catalina har tsawon rayuwarta, kuma sun yi mata nasiha. An tilasta mata barin gidan zuhudu tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, saboda an gano cewa jami'in soja Fausto D'Elhuyar, ɗan Fausto Elhuyar kuma ɗan'uwan Juan José Elhuyar, sun yi lalata da ita.

 Shiga farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci 
Shekaru da yawa, Manuela ta zauna tare da mahaifinta, wanda a cikin shekarar 1817 ya shirya aurenta ga wani likitan Ingila mai arziki, James Thorne, wanda ya kasance sau biyu. Ta auri Dr. Thorne saboda biyayya, ba don soyayya ba.  Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Lima, Peru, a cikin shekarar 1819 inda ta zauna a matsayin 'yar sarki kuma ta gudanar da taron jama'a a gidanta inda baƙi suka haɗa da shugabannin siyasa da jami'an soja. Waɗannan baƙi sun ba da sirrin soja game da juyin juya halin da ke gudana tare da ita, kuma, a cikin shekarar 1819, lokacin da Simón Bolívar ya shiga cikin nasarar 'yantar da New Granada, Manuela Sáenz ta kasance mai tsaurin ra'ayi kuma memba mai aiki a cikin makircin mataimakin Perú, José de la Serna e Hinojosa a lokacin 1820. 

A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan makirci, Manuela, kawarta Rosa Campuzano, da sauran matan da ke goyon bayan 'Yancin kai sun yi ƙoƙari su ɗauki sojojin mulkin mallaka daga sansanin tsaro na sarauta a Lima, wanda ke kiyaye shi da mahimmancin Numancia. Maƙarƙashiyar ta kasance nasara, tare da yawancin tsarin mulki, ciki har da ɗan'uwan Manuela, ya koma rundunar sojojin Spain na José de San Martín. 

An bayyana Saenz a matsayin jaruma kuma ta shahara da kishin ƙasa. An lura da wannan kishin ƙasa a cikin juyayinta ga ƴan tawayen da suka yi adawa da ikon Spain a Kudancin Amirka. 

Jose De San Martin bayan shelar 'yancin kai na Peru a 1821 ya ba Manuela Saenz da mafi girman bambanci a Peru, wanda shine taken zoben sa hannu na Order of the Sun of Peru.“Manuela Sáenz, Révolutionnaire Féministe.” L'Histoire par les femmes, July 7, 2019. https://histoireparlesfemmes.com/2016/02/08/manuela-saenz-revolutionnaire-feministe/   A farkon lokacinta ta kan gudanar da taron sirri, inda ta kan ba da bayanai a matsayin mai leken asiri.“Manuela Sáenz: La Libertadora Feminista.” Colombia Informa - Agencia de Comunicaciones , November 23, 2018. https://www.colombiainforma.info/manuela-saenz-la-libertadora-feminista/   Manuela Saenz ta shiga cikin tattaunawar tare da bataliya ta Numancia.

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutuwan 1856