Yaƙin Gondar

Yakin Gonder ko kwace birnin Gonder shi ne na ƙarshe da sojojin Italiya suka yi a gabashin Afirka ta Italiya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. An yi yakin ne a watan Nuwamba 1941, a lokacin yakin Gabashin Afrika. Gonder shi ne babban garin Amhara a cikin tsaunukan arewacin tafkin Tana a Habasha, a tsayin daka  kuma tana da sojojin Italiya na mutane 40,000, wanda Janar Guglielmo Nasi yake umarta.Angelo Del Boca, Gli italiani in Africa Orientale - 3. La caduta dell'Impero. 1,289 Italian officers and soldiers were killed in the Gondar sector from June 1940 to the end of the campaign, 407 of whom in November 1941.

 Tarihi 
Bayan cin nasarar Italiya a yakin Keren (1 Afrilu 1941), da yawa daga cikin sauran Italiyawa sun ja da baya zuwa sansanonin Amba Alagi, Jimma da Gonder. Amba Alagi ya faɗin a watan Mayu sannan Jimma ya faɗi a watan Yuli.  Gonder babban birnin Amhara ne da ke kan tudu a arewacin tafkin Tana mai kimanin  . A cikin shekarar 1941 mahaɗar hanya ce amma titin Amhara kawai ke da yanayin yanayi. A Wolchefit, wanda wani sansanin sojojin Italiya ne ke gadinsa,  zuwa Amhara, titin ya haura  ƙulle-ƙulle, an yanke wasu sassa zuwa wani dutse a tsaye. Daga Wolchefit zuwa Gonder hanyar ta bi gefen tulun kuma a Dabat,  gajeriyar Gonder kuma a Amba Giorgis akwai ƙananan runduna. Wata ƙaramar titin da ta taso daga Um Hagar zuwa arewa ta samu mahaɗar babbar hanyar. Yamma daga garin, hanyar da ba ta da kyau ba ta da kyau, ta kai Gallabat kuma tana da sansanin soja a Chilga. Akwai tarkacen hanyoyi zuwa yammacin tafkin Tana da suka haɗu a Gorgora kuma hanya mafi kyau ta bi ta gabas zuwa Debra Tabor, ita ma an tsare da kuma Dessie. Kulkaber,  daga Gonder, hanyar ta ratsa tsakanin tafkin Tana da tsaunuka; daga Debra Tabor zuwa Dessie, hanya ce ta ƙasa da ruwan sama ba zai iya wucewa ba.

 Gabatarwa 
Mallakar mashigar tsaunukan Wolchefit da Kulkaber ne ya taimaka wajen kai hari a birnin Gonder. An kare Wolchefit da wani sansanin sojoji kusan 4,000 ƙarƙashin Kanar Mario Gonella. Sojojin Habasha da ba bisa ka'ida ba, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manjo Ringrose na Biritaniya, sun yi wa sansanin ƙawanya tun daga watan Mayun 1941; Daga baya kuma an ƙara yawan sojojin da suka yi ƙawanya sakamakon zuwan runduna daga sojojin Indiya na Birtaniya da kuma wani ɓangare na shiyya ta 12 na Afirka. An kaddamar da hare-hare da kai hare-hare da dama a tsakanin Mayu da Agustan 1941. A ranar 28 ga watan Satumban 1941, bayan da ya yi rashin nasara a yaki da mutane 950 da rashin abinci, Gonella ya miƙa wuya tare da Italiya 1,629 da sojojin mulkin mallaka 1,450. 

A ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, wani gauraya dakaru daga rundunar Biritaniya ta 12 (Afrika) ƙarƙashin Manjo-Janar Charles Fowkes  da ke samun goyon bayan sojojin Habasha marasa bin ka'ida - sun kai hari kan babban wurin tsaro na Kulkaber kuma aka fatattake su.  Tun a farkon watan Satumba aka yi wa Kulkalber ƙawanya, kuma tuni aka fuskanci hare-hare da bama-bamai. Hari na biyu a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba daga wurare da yawa an yi tir da shi har zuwa yammacin rana, lokacin da ofisoshin Italiya suka fara miƙa wuya.  A harin na ƙarshe an sami asarar rayuka 206 na Birtaniya da Habasha da kuma fursunonin Italiya da Habasha 2,423 (Majiyoyin Italiya sun ce an kashe Italiyawa 1,003, 804 suka jikkata da fursunoni 1,900).  

A wannan lokacin ƙawayen sun mallaki sararin sama duka: Italiyawa suna da Fiat CR.42 saura, wanda Sergente Giuseppe Mottet ya jagoranta. A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, a cikin shirin ƙarshe na Regia Aeronautica a Gabashin Afirka, ya yi wani hari da makami na Birtaniyya a Kulkaber wanda ya kashe Kwamanda, Royal Artillery, Laftanar-Kanar Ormsby. Bayan haka, Mottet ya sauka a Gonder, ya lalata jirgin kuma ya yi yaƙi da sojoji. 

 Yaƙi 

 Dutsen wucewa 
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na tsaunuka da suka kalli garin wanda sojojin Italiya ke iko da shi. Brigades biyu na shiyya ta 12 (Afrika) ne suka saka hannun jarinsu. Ƙungiyoyin Italiya biyu da ke cikin wucewar an yanke su kuma an tilasta musu miƙa wuya lokacin da kayansu ya ƙare. 

 Garin Gonder 
Da sojojin ƙawancen suka samu wucewar, sai suka samu iko da tuddan da ke kallon Gonder suka isa garin a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba. Rundunar Gonder ta lalace sosai, tunda da yawa Askari, da Italiyawa ba su biya ba, sun gudu. Harin ƙarshe da aka kai a Gonder, inda Nasi ke da hedkwatarsa, ya fara ne da karfe 5:30 a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba. Filin jirgin saman Azozo shine manufar farko; An kama shi da tsakar ranar 27 ga Nuwamba kuma jim kaɗan bayan haka, sojojin Commonwealth sun isa Fasilides' Castle.  Karfe 4:30 Da yamma, yayin da Rundunar Sojin Kenya ta kutsa kai cikin wajen garin, Nasi ya aika da sakonsa na ƙarshe zuwa ƙasar Italiya, inda ya bayyana cewa, an girke dakarun kiyaye zaman lafiya a yankin kudancin ƙasar, amma sun ƙasa dakatar da harin, sojojin makiya sun wuce waya da aka kakaba mata, kuma motocin sulke na abokan gaba sun shiga garin. Nasi ya miƙa wuya ba da jimawa ba.   Wasu sansanonin Italiya sun yi yaƙi har zuwa 30 ga watan Nuwamba, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen yaƙin.

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin kayan aikin soja na Burtaniya na yakin duniya na biyu
 Jerin makaman Yakin Italo na Biyu na Habasha -Arbegnoch ya yi amfani da Habashan ya kama makaman Italiya.
 Yakin Gabashin Afirka (Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu)
 Shigar da Endisciau
 Jerin kayan aikin Sojojin Italiya a yakin duniya na biyu

 Manazarta