Laifin da za a iya zargi

Australia
A Ostiraliya, laifi da za a iya tuhuma ya fi tsanani fiye da taƙaitaccen laifi, kuma wanda ake tuhuma yana da damar yin shari'a ta hanyar juri. Sun hada da laifuka kamar kisan kai, fyade, da barazana ko barazana ga rayuwa. Tsarin yana da tushe ta hanyoyi daban-daban na jihohi da yankuna da Dokar Laifuka ta Commonwealth ta 1914. 

A Kudancin Australia, New South Wales, da Queensland, ana ci gaba da raba laifuka masu tuhuma zuwa kashi biyu: ana jin manyan laifuka (ciki har da kisan kai, fyade, da barazana ko barazana ga rayuwa) a Kotun Koli ta jihar, yayin da ake jin ƙananan laifuka da ake tuhuma a Kotun Gundumar. A Kudancin Ostiraliya, ana jin ƙananan laifuka a Kotunan majistare, kodayake wanda ake tuhuma na iya zabar a saurare shi a Kotun Gundumar.

 Kanada 
A Kanada, laifi mai tuhuma laifi ne wanda ya fi tsanani fiye da taƙaitaccen laifi. Misalan laifuka masu tuhuma sun haɗa da sata sama da $ 5,000, fashewa da shiga, mummunar cin zarafin jima'i, da kisan kai. Matsakaicin hukunci ga laifuka masu tuhuma sun bambanta dangane da laifin kuma suna iya haɗawa da rayuwa a kurkuku. Akwai mafi ƙarancin hukunci ga wasu laifuka da za a iya tuhuma.

 Ingila da Wales 
Dangane da Ingila da Wales, furcin laifin da ba a iya ganowa yana nufin laifi wanda, idan babba ya aikata, ana iya yanke hukunci kan tuhuma, ko dai kawai abin da za a iya yankewa ko kuma mai iya yankewa ta kowace hanya; kuma kalmar indictable, a cikin aikace-aikacen sa ga laifuffuka, dole ne a fassara shi daidai. A cikin wannan ma'anar, nassoshi kan hanya ko hanyoyin da za a iya aiwatar da wani laifi za a iya fassara su ba tare da la'akari da tasirin ba, idan akwai wani, na sashe na 22 na Dokar Kotunan Majistare ta 1980 game da yanayin shari'a a cikin wani lamari na musamman.

.Laifin ko wanne hanya yana bawa wanda ake tuhuma damar zaɓar tsakanin shari'a ta juri akan tuhumar da ake yi a Kotun Crown da kuma ƙarar shari'ar a kotun majistare. Sai dai kotun majistare na iya soke zaben idan har hujjoji sun nuna cewa ikon yanke hukunci na kotun majistare ba zai iya nuna girman laifin ba.  

 Tarihi 
Dubi sashi na 64 na Dokar Laifuka ta 1977. 

An soke manyan juriya a 1933.

 Laifukan da za a iya gwadawa ne kawai a kan tuhuma 
Wasu laifuka kamar kisan kai da fyade ana daukar su da tsanani sosai har za a iya yin su ne kawai a kan tuhuma a Kotun Crown inda mafi girman ikon yanke hukunci yake ga Alƙali.

An bayyana kalmar laifin da za a iya tuhuma kawai ta hanyar sashi na 51 na Dokar Laifi da Rashin Halitta ta 1998, kamar yadda aka kafa da farko, a matsayin laifin da ba za a iya gwadawa kawai a kan tuhuma. Sashe na 51 da 52 na, da Schedule 3 zuwa, wannan Dokar ta soke aiwatar da aikata laifuka don irin waɗannan laifuka kuma ta yi wasu tanadi dangane da su.

When the accused is charged with an indictable-only offence, he or she will be tried in the Crown Court. The rules are different in England and Wales in respect of those under 18 years of age.

 Amurka 
A Amurka, laifukan tarayya koyaushe suna buƙatar tuhuma daga babban juri kafin su ci gaba da shari'a. Sabanin haka, yayin da masu aikata laifuka na iya ci gaba da shari'a a kan tuhuma, wannan ba a buƙata ba, saboda suna iya ci gaba a kan bayanai ko korafi. Jihohi daban-daban suna da manufofi daban-daban; tunda ba a sanya buƙatun tuhumar da babban juri a kan jihohi ba, a jihohi da yawa, ba a buƙatar tuhuma don shari'ar laifi ta ci gaba. Koyaya, wasu jihohi har yanzu suna amfani da zarge-zargen babban juri don laifuka na matakin laifi kuma suna iya amfani da wasu kalmomi. Misali, a New Jersey, wanda kundin tsarin mulki ke buƙatar duk "laifuka" da za a tuhume su ta hanyar tuhuma amma ba da damar ƙananan "laifukan" kada su kasance, ana kiran laifuka na matakin laifi "laifuna da za a iya tuhuma", gami da a cikin Dokar Shari'ar New Jersey, don kauce wa rikicewa tsakanin ƙayyadadden ma'anar fasaha na kalmar "laifuki" daga tsarin mulki na jihar da ma'anar da kuma ma'anar mafi girma.
Manazarta