Italian East Africa

Italian East Africa (Italian; Africa Orientale Italiana, A.O.I.)  ya kasance mallakar mulkin mallaka na Fascist Italiya daga shekarun 1936 zuwa 1941 a cikin Horn of Africa.    An kafa ta ne bayan Yaƙin Italo da Habasha na Biyu, wanda ya kai ga mamaye daular Habasha (Abysinia) da sojoji suka yi.   Ya ƙunshi Somaliland Somaliland na Italiya, Iritiriya ta Italiya da kuma yankunan Habasha da aka samu, dukkansu suna ƙarƙashin ikon sashin gudanarwa guda ɗaya, Governo Generale dell'Africa Orientale Italiana.   Kafuwarta ya ba da gudummawa wajen ɓarkewar yakin duniya na biyu ta hanyar fallasa raunin da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ke da shi.   

An raba Italiya Gabashin Afirka zuwa yankuna shida. Eritriya da Somaliya, mallakar Italiya tun daga shekarun 1880s, an faɗaɗa su da yankin Habasha da aka kama kuma suka zama Gwamnonin Eritrea da Somaliya. Sauran yankunan Habasha da aka mamaye sun haɗa da Harar, Galla-Sidamo, Amhara, da Scioa Governorates. A mafi girman girmansa, Italiya ta Gabashin Afirka ta mamaye yankuna a cikin Somaliland Somaliland, British Kenya, da Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.  A shekara ta 1939, kusan 165,270 'yan mulkin mallaka na Italiya suka zaunar da shi.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Italiya ta Gabas ta Tsakiya ta zama filin yaƙin yaƙi  na Gabashin Afirka (ɓangare na wasan kwaikwayo na Bahar Rum da Gabas ta Tsakiya).  Bayan yakin Gonder a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1941, sojojin da Birtaniyya ke jagoranta suka mamaye shi da suka haɗa da rundunonin mulkin mallaka da mayakan gwagwarmayar Habasha.   Duk tsoffin yankunan Italiya sun kasance ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Burtaniya; An yi mulkin Habasha da aka mamaye har sai da aka maido da cikakken  a cikin shekarar 1944. A cikin shekarar 1950, Somaliya mai ƙawance ta zama Ƙungiyar Amintattun Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Somaliland, wanda Italiya ke gudanarwa daga shekarun 1950 har zuwa 1960 har zuwa samun 'yancin kai. Eritrea ta zama yanki mai cin gashin kanta na Habasha a shekarar 1952. Daga baya Masarautar Habasha ta mamaye ta a shekarar 1962 kuma ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1993 a matsayin Eritrea. 

 Tarihi 

 Burin Italiya da tashin farkisanci 
A ƙarshen ktarni na 19 da farkon 20th, Italiya ta nemi faɗaɗa daular mulkin mallaka, tana fafatawa da sauran ƙasashen Turai don yankuna na ketare. Ƙoƙari na farko sun haɗa da mulkin mallaka na Eritrea (1890) da Italiya na Somaliland (1905), wanda ya biyo bayan mamaye daular Habasha da bai yi nasara ba a Yaƙin Italo-Ethiopian Farko (1895-1896).  Bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya , ra'ayin kishin ƙasa ya ƙaru, wanda ya haifar da imani cewa an hana Italiya ladan yankin da ya dace saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga yakin yaki, ra'ayin da aka sani da Nasarar Mutilated (Italian: Vittoria Mutilata).   Haɗin kuɗin tattarawa da tashin hankali na zamantakewar da ya biyo bayan yaƙin ana tsammanin ya ƙarfafa Italiya da ƙima da kishin ƙasa.  Wannan takaici ya ba da gudummawa ga hawan Benito Mussolini da mulkinsa na Fascist a shekarar 1922. 

Mussolini ya cusa wani sabon tashin hankali a cikin waɗannan takaici da buri, ya tsara faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka a matsayin wata hanya ta maido da martabar Romawa, inganta martabar ƙasa, da warware matsalolin tattalin arzikin Italiya ta hanyar samar da ƙasa da albarkatu.   Mussolini ya yi imanin cewa mutanen Italiya ba su da wani lamiri mai ƙarfi na kishin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka don haka ya nemi haɓaka waɗannan ra'ayoyin ta hanyar farfagandar Fascist, musamman a ja-gorancin mamayewa da kuma lokacin mamayar daular Habasha.  Wannan farfagandar ta jaddada bukatar Italiya ga yankunan mulkin mallaka (Italian: spazio vitale), haɗarin da ake gani na zaluncin Habasha, da kuma rashin adalci na adawar ƙasa da ƙasa ga faɗaɗa Italiya.  An gabatar da mamaye ƙasar Habasha a shekarar 1936 da kuma kafa ƙasar Italiya ta Gabashin Afirka a matsayin manyan nasarorin da gwamnatin Fascist ta samu, da nufin cika dogon buri na Italiya da kuma kafa ƙasar Italiya a matsayin babbar ƙasa.   Duk da la'akarin da aka yi a baya na samun mafaka a wasu sassa na Habasha, gwamnatin Fascist ta ci gaba da mamayewa, bisa azamar Mussolini na cimma gagarumar nasara ta mulkin mallaka don ƙarfafa haƙƙin mulkinsa da kuma martabar ƙasashen duniya.  Wannan buri, duk da haka, ya gamu da juriya na Habasha da rikice-rikice na duniya.   Wannan ya ƙara haɗa Italiya da Jamus na Nazi, wanda ya kafa matakin shiga cikin yakin duniya na biyu.  

 Manazarta