Yancin tsokaci a Rwanda

Tun bayan karshen Yaƙin basasar Rwanda, an aiwatar da nau'o'i da yawa na tantancewa a Rwanda.

 Gudanar da bayanai gaba ɗaya 
Mataki na 38 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Rwanda na 2003 ya ba da tabbacin "yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da 'yancin samun dama ga bayanai inda ba ya nuna bambanci ga tsarin jama'a, ɗabi'a mai kyau, kariya ga matasa da yara, haƙƙin kowane ɗan ƙasa don girmamawa da mutunci da kariya ga sirrin mutum da na iyali". [1] Koyaya, a zahiri, wannan bai tabbatar da' yancin faɗakarwa ba saboda gwamnati ta ayyana nau'o'in magana da yawa sun fada cikin banbanci. A karkashin wadannan banbanci, shugaban kasar Rwanda na dogon lokaci, Paul Kagame, ya tabbatar da cewa duk wani amincewa da mutane daban-daban ya kasance da lahani ga hadin kan Rwanda bayan kisan kare dangi kuma ya kirkiro dokoki da yawa don hana 'yan Rwandan inganta "ka'idar kisan kare-kashen kare-kire" da "rabuwa". Koyaya, dokar ba ta bayyana irin waɗannan sharuɗɗa ba, kuma ba ta bayyana cewa dole ne a faɗi imanin mutum. [2][3] Misali, dokar ta bayyana rarrabuwa a matsayin 'amfani da kowane magana, sanarwa, ko aikin da ke raba mutane, wanda zai iya haifar da rikice-rikice tsakanin mutane, ko kuma hakan ya haifar da tashin hankali wanda zai iya zama rikici tsakanin mutane bisa nuna bambanci'.[4] Tsoron yiwuwar lalacewa daga karya waɗannan dokoki sun haifar da al'adun tantance kai a cikin jama'a. Dukkanin fararen hula da manema labarai yawanci suna guje wa duk wani abu da za a iya fassara shi a matsayin mai sukar gwamnati / soja ko inganta "rarrabawar".

 Kula da bayanai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai 
Mataki na 34 na kundin tsarin mulkin Rwanda ya bayyana cewa "yancin manema labarai da 'yancin bayanai an amince da su kuma jihar ta tabbatar da su"; duk da haka, kundin tsarin mulki ba ya hana hana hana hana kafofin watsa labarai. Dangane da tasirin watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo wajen karfafa kisan kare dangi, a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan kisan kare kare dangi. Gwamnatin Rwanda ta sanya ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don 'yancin magana da' yan jarida dangane da kisan kare hakkin kare dangi da masu ra'ayin Hutu da Tutsi. Kagame ya ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan dokoki sun zama dole don riƙe hadin kan kasa da kuma karewa daga kisan kare dangi na gaba. Wadannan dokoki masu tsauri na kafofin watsa labarai sun fassara zuwa haramta zargi na gwamnati da kuma takaita 'yancin magana. Bugu da ƙari, ma'anar ƙasar game da iyakokin 'yancin magana ya ba da damar' yan sanda su yi nasu fassarori game da doka da kuma 'yan jarida na gudun hijira kamar yadda gwamnati ta so. A cewar Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida (CPJ), gwamnati tana barazana ga' yan jarida da ke bincike ko sukar gwamnati. CPJ ta ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan barazanar da yiwuwar hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku ya sa 'yan jarida su tantance kansu, har ma fiye da abin da gwamnati za ta tantance shi.

Ana buƙatar 'yan jarida na Rwanda don samun lasisi daga Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Rwanda (RURA) da ke ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati. Mataki na 34, tare da haramtacciyar magana da ta haɗa da akidar kisan kare dangi da rarrabuwa, an yi amfani da ita azaman hanyar soke lasisin 'yan jarida."Legacy of Rwanda genocide includes media restrictions, self-censorship". cpj.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da waɗannan dokoki don toshe muryoyin adawa kamar lokacin da gwamnati ta toshe Inyenyeri News, The Rwandan, da Le Prophete . "Rwanda Country Report | Freedom on the Net 2017". freedomhouse.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2018. A cikin wani shirin, BBC ta ambaci cewa an kashe adadi mai yawa na Hutus kuma sun tattauna ka'idojin harbi na RPF a kan jirgin shugaban. A mayar da martani ga shirin, gwamnatin Rwanda ta rufe BBC a cikin gida ga BBC don inganta matsayin "revisionist" game da kisan kare dangi a cikin shirin.

 Kula da bayanai a cikin ilimi 
Duk da yake kafin kisan kare dangi, litattafan tarihin Rwanda za su yarda da kuma nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin mutanen Tutsi da Hutu, a yau, kawai gwamnatin da ta amince da littafin tarihin Rwanda ta jaddada mutanen Rwanda a matsayin mutane ɗaya kuma kusan sun yi watsi da bambancin kabilanci da rikice-rikicen kafin kisan kai. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin mutanen Rwanda da malamai na duniya suna jin cewa koyarwar kisan kare dangi ba ta koya wa ɗalibai dukan labarin kisan kare. A cikin 2016, Rwanda ta gabatar da tsarin karatun da ke fatan kawo karin tattaunawa game da batun kisan kare dangi, duk da haka, dokokin Rwanda da suka shafi "rabuwa" da "ka'idar kisan kare kare dangi" har yanzu suna iyakance ikon irin wannan tattaunawar. An ruwaito malamai suna tsoron tasirin tattaunawar kisan kare dangi a hanyar da ba a amince da ita ba da kuma ra'ayoyin masu tantance kansu a ƙarƙashin waɗannan dokoki.

 Kula da bayanai a siyasa 
Tun lokacin da ya hau mulki, Kagame ya aiwatar da bayanai da kulawar kafofin watsa labarai don hana yaduwar rashin amincewa, gami da barazana da ɗaure 'yan jarida da abokan adawar siyasa saboda karya dokokinsa ko rashin girmama gwamnatinsa da sojoji."Legacy of Rwanda genocide includes media restrictions, self-censorship". cpj.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018. Tsayar da Kagame na samun dama ga kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam waɗanda ba sa goyon bayan gwamnatinsa an kalli su a matsayin hanyar kawar da rashin amincewar siyasa a lokacin zabe. An daure abokan hamayyarsa daga zaben shugaban kasa biyu da suka gabata bayan zaben. Abokin hamayyarsa na zaben 2010, Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, ya yi shekaru 8 na hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na shekaru 15 saboda "maƙaryaci da kasar ta hanyar ta'addanci da yaƙi" da kuma "karin kisan kare dangi". Abokin hamayyarsa na 2017, Diane Rwigara, an daure ta fiye da shekara guda kuma an gurfanar da ita a gaban shari'a, inda ta fuskanci yiwuwar shekaru 22 a kurkuku saboda tayar da hankali da zamba saboda abubuwan da ke cikin kamfen dinta. Sau da yawa akwai jita-jita game da kashe abokan adawar siyasa, koda bayan sun nemi mafaka a wasu ƙasashe. Abubuwa biyu da aka sani da wannan sune kisan Patrick Karegeya da André Kagwa Rwisereka.   Karegeya tsohon shugaban leken asiri ne na waje na Rwanda kuma wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar adawa, Rwandan National Congress, wanda aka kashe a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma Rwisereka memba ne na kafa Jam'iyyar Green ta Democrat ta Rwanda .   A cikin 2017, gwamnatinsa ta yi ƙoƙari ta kirkiro dokoki waɗanda za su buƙaci amincewar gwamnati ga duk kafofin sada zumunta ta 'yan siyasa don tabbatar da cewa' yan takarar adawa ba su "sa guba a zukatan' na mutanen Rwanda ba. Bayan tashin hankali na kasa da kasa, ba a taɓa aiwatar da wannan manufofin ba.

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Yancin Dan Adam