Natal–Zululand border incident

A ranar 17 ga watan Satumbar 1878, Zulu ta kama wani ɗan Burtaniya mai binciken Turawan mulkin mallaka na Natal da wani ɗan kasuwa a wani tsibiri a cikin kogin Tugela, wanda ke nuna iyaka tsakanin Natal da Zululand. An yi wa mutanen fashi amma an sako su ba tare da wani lahani ba. Sir Henry Bartle Frere, babban kwamishinan Burtaniya a Kudancin Afirka ne ya kama wannan lamarin a matsayin hujjar yaki da Zulu, da kuma biyan diyya na abin da ya faru ya kasance wani ɓangare na wa'adinsa na Disamba 1878 ga Sarkin Zulu Cetshwayo. Sojojin Burtaniya sun mamaye Zululand a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 1879, bayan cikar wa'adin.

 Faruwar Lamarin 
Wani katafaren gini, Fort Buckingham, an kafa shi ta hannun Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya na Natal kusa da Tsararriyar Tsakiyar Tsakiya (haye) akan kogin Tugela, wanda ke nuna iyaka da Zululand. Gwamnan Natal a cikin shekarar 1875, Sir Garnet Wolseley, ya ba da umarnin gina hanyar da za ta haɗa katanga da Tsarkakewa ta Tsakiya zuwa mazaunin Greytown zuwa kudu maso yamma.  A shekara ta 1878, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, babban kwamishinan Birtaniya a kudancin Afirka, ya kuduri aniyar mayar da mulkin Zulu, wanda ya ke kallonsa a matsayin barazana ga zaman lafiya da kuma shirinsa na kafa gamayyar yankunan Birtaniyya a yankin.  An naɗa Laftanar Janar na Burtaniya Frederic Thesiger a matsayin kwamandan soji a yankin a shekara ta 1878 kuma, yana tsammanin yakin, ya ba da umarnin duba yankin kan iyaka. 

A matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken an yanke shawarar bincika yanayin hanyar tsakanin Greytown da Fort Buckingham. Wannan ya ba da damar shiga Tsakiyar  hanya wacce hanya ce mai yuwuwar sojojin Burtaniya su tsallaka zuwa Zululand.  An umurci David Smith na Sashen Injiniyoyi na Natal Colonial Engineers da ya binciki hanyar, amma an umarce shi da yin hakan ba tare da rakiyar sojoji ba saboda a baya sojojin da ke kan iyaka sun tayar da rikici da Zulu.   Smith ya ci gaba da aikinsa, tare da wani ɗan kasuwa mai suna W. H. Deighton. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Satumbar 1878, ma'auratan suna duba wannan ɓangaren hanyar da ke kusa da Tsararru ta Tsakiya.  Wata ƙungiya ta mayaƙan Zulu sun hallara a bankin Tugela mai nisa, waɗanda aka buga don ba da gargaɗin duk wani mashigin Ingila.  Zulu ya kira Smith da Deighton amma mutanen sun yi biris da su.  Smith da Deighton sun tsallaka Tsakanin Tsararru daga bankin Natal zuwa wani tsibiri da ke kusa da gabar tekun Zulu don duba hanyar. Ruwan ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, kuma an raba tsibirin da bankin Zulu kawai da wani shimfiɗar ruwa mara zurfi. 

Ƙila mayaƙan Zulu sun ji tsoron cewa mutanen suna shirya hanyar da Birtaniyya za ta mamaye su kuma suka tsallaka zuwa tsibirin, wanda suka daɗe suna ɗauka a matsayin yankin Zulu.  'Yan Zulu sun tsare Smith da Deighton na kusan awa ɗaya. An sanya mutanen ne suka fitar da aljihunsu, bayan sun yi awon gaba da bututun shan taba da kayan hannu. An kuma kwace dawakansu, amma an mayar da su lokacin da wani Zulu da ke wucewa aDuna (kwamanda) ya umarci mayakan su saki Smith da Deighton. Mutanen ba su ji rauni ba a lokacin da lamarin ya faru. 

 Bayan haka 
Da alama Smith ya ɗauki lamarin ƙarami a yanayi kuma bai kai rahoto ga manyansa ba. Sai dai Deighton ya bayar da rahoton faruwar lamarin.  Gwamnan Natal, Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer, ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ƙaramin al'amari, wanda ake sa ran zai faru a kan iyaka tsakanin ikon Turai da mutanen ƙabilu.  Da farko Frere ya amince da wannan tantancewar, inda ya rubuta: "Na yarda da ku da cewa ba wani mahimmanci na musamman ga kamawa da kuma kama masu binciken na wucin gadi, wanda wani ɓangare ne na rashin sanin yakamata, kuma a bayyane yake hukumomin Zulu ba su ba da izini ba." 

Sai dai daga baya Frere ya kwace lamarin a matsayin shaida kan barazanar da Zulu ke yiwa Natal.  Lokacin da jama'a suka sani lamarin ya haifar da fushi a tsakanin mazauna Natal.  Frere ya buƙaci a biya masa hakkinsa a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba ga Cetshwayo. Daga cikin abubuwan farko da aka jera a cikin wa'adin akwai buƙatar shanu 100, da za a bayar a cikin kwanaki 20, a matsayin diyya kan laifin da aka yi wa Smith da Deighton. Sauran wa'adin ya haɗa da ƙarin buƙatu masu tsanani waɗanda suka kai ga tarwatsa tsarin zamantakewa da na soja na Zulu.  Frere ya zayyana wa'adin a cikin tsammanin cewa Cetshwayo zai yi watsi da shi kuma ya bawa Frere damar fara tashin hankali da nufin haɗe Zululand.   Wa'adin ya kare ne a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 1879 kuma sojojin Birtaniya suka mamaye Zululand, suka fara yakin Anglo-Zulu wanda a ƙarshe ya ga cin nasarar Zulu. 

 Manazarta