Makabartar Kabarin Kudu, Amarna

Makabartar Kudancin Kaburbura tsohuwar necropolis ce ta Masar a cikin Amarna, Babban Masar. Wurin binne mutane marasa daraja ne daga tsohon birnin Akhetaten. Wurin yana kusa da Kabarin Kudanci na Sarakuna.Barry Kemp. "SOUTH TOMBS Cemetery". The Amarna Project. Retrieved 2009-08-23 Masarautar Exploration Society ta gudanar da aikin tona kayan tarihi tsakanin 2006 da 2013, wanda ya nuna cewa waɗanda aka shiga cikin makabartar sun rayu gajeru, masu wahala.

 Ganowa 
An gano wannan makabarta a shekara ta 2003 a lokacin binciken GPS na hamada ta Masarautar Exploration Society. Tana gefen gabas na wani kunkuntar rafin da ke tafiya kudu da gabas bayan Kudancin Kabarin 25 (Ay). Ga dukkan alamu an yi awon gaba da shi da wani bangare da ambaliyar ruwa ta tafi da ita, inda ta bar wani tarwatsewar kashin dan Adam a kasan kwarin da kuma fadin fili[3]. Ya kasance batun bincike mai tsauri a cikin 2005.Wilson, Penelope; Jeffreys, David; Bunbury, Judith; Nicholson, Paul T.; Kemp, Barry; Rose, Pamela (2005). "Fieldwork, 2004-05: Sais, Memphis, Saqqara Bronzes Project, Tell el-Amarna, Tell el-Amarna Glass Project, Qasr Ibrim". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 91: 22.

 Bincike da bincike 
An fara aikin tono albarkatu a shekara ta 2006[4] kuma an kammala a 2013.[5] An tono kaburbura 381 a manyan wurare hudu - bakin wadi, kasa, babba, da karshen wadi - da nufin kwato mutane 400.[6] Karin bayanai daga wannan bayanan sun kiyasta makabartar ta ƙunshi mutane 6000. Jana'izar maza, mata, yara, da jarirai na faruwa ne gwargwadon adadin da ake tsammani na tsawon lokaci, tare da yawan mace-macen jarirai da yara. An cusa wadanda suka mutu a nannade da yadudduka ko matting, kuma an sanya su a cikin akwatunan gawa da aka yi da tushe na tamarisk, dabino tsakiyar haƙarƙari, ko kuma da wuya akwatin gawa da aka yi da itace, tukwane, ko laka. A wani misali an sami akwatin gawa na katako a cikin wani ma'ajiyar bulo mai laka. Ba a sami wata shaida ta wucin gadi ba, ko da yake ana iya nannade jikin da ratsan lilin. Kayan kaburbura gaba ɗaya ba a saba gani ba; idan sun kasance sun ƙunshi tasoshin tukwane akai-akai, wani lokacin kuma suna ɗauke da hadayun abinci - a wani lokaci an sami rumman a ɗaure da jariri. Sauran kayayyakin kaburbura da aka samu sun hada da kohl tubes da applicators, bronze tweezers, madubi nannade da masana'anta, samfurin oar, da adze. Amulet ko wasu kayan adon ba safai ba ne amma idan sun faru suna ɗaukar nau'ikan alloli masu kariya kamar Taweret, sarƙoƙi na beads faience, scarabs, gami da waɗanda aka rubuta don Thutmose III ko Amenhotep III, zoben yatsan yatsa na tagulla, ko fiye da abin wuya a wuyan hannu na zinariya.

An lullube kaburburan da wani katon dutse, wanda yanzu akasari aka lalata su, wasu kuma an lullube su da alamar kabari; Watsewar bulo na laka na lokaci-lokaci na iya nuna wasu kaburbura suna da babban tsarin bulo. An gano pyramidions guda biyu na limestone, tare da stelae guda 15 waɗanda galibi suna da siffa mai nuni da siffar triangular Waɗanda ke da wurin da aka sassaƙa suna nuna mamacin yana karɓar hadayu;Kemp, Barry; Dabbs, Gretchen R.; Davis, Heidi S. (2013). "Tell El-Amarna, 2011". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 99: 13–14.

 Tsarin tsari 
Tsarin makabartar ya bayyana kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana nuna abin da ya fi dacewa tsarin tsarin dangi. Duk da wuraren cunkoson jama'a, kaburbura ba sa shiga juna. Dukkansu an yanke su da kyau, tare da bangon tsaye, kuma sun yi daidai da girma da siffar akwatin gawa, wanda ke nuni da cewa, yayin da ba a riga an yanke kabari ba, aikin ƙwararru ne ba na iyali ba.Kemp, Barry; Shepperson, Mary (2009). "Tell El-Amarna, 2008-9". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 95: 21–27. doi:10.1177/030751330909500101. S2CID 192320919.

 Akwatunan gawa na ado 
An gano akwatunan katako guda 40, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 10% na jana'izar da aka binne a makabarta ta Kudu. Rabin waɗannan akwatuna ne masu sauƙi marasa ado; sauran akwatunan gawarwaki 20 na da kayan ado na tsira. A cikin waɗannan, takwas ne kawai suka isa don nazarin tsarin adonsu. Ado mafi sauƙi na akwatin gawar yaro ne mai siffar akwatin. Ya ƙunshi madaurin rubutun rawaya waɗanda aka tsara ta layin baƙar fata; ba a kara rubutu ko hotuna ba. Akwatunan gawa bakwai da suka saura da aka yi wa ado sun bayyana a matsayin ɗan adam ko da yake da yawa suna cikin wani yanayi mai rauni saboda tarwatsewar itacen, ko dai ta hanyar ruɓe ko ta tururuwa.Stevens, Anna (2018). "Beyond Iconography: The Amarna Coffins in Social Context". In Taylor, John H.; Vandenbeusch, Marie (eds.). Ancient Egyptian Coffins: Craft traditions and functionality. Leuven: Peeters. pp. 139–160

Tsarin launi na tushen baƙar fata ne, tare da rawaya rawaya suna kwaikwayon madaurin da aka gani akan kayan mummy. Za a iya raba jigogi na ado zuwa nau'i biyu: waɗanda ke adana kayan ado kafin Amarna Osiride, da kuma sabon nau'in 'marasa Allah', wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba a wajen Amarna, wanda ke nuna masu ɗaukar kaya a madadin alloli na jana'izar da aka saba. An samu akwatuna uku na kowane nau'in kayan ado; daya ba a tantance ba. Rubutun da aka samu a kan wannan sabon nau’in ya ƙunshi addu’o’in hadaya da sauran fa’idodi, maimakon karatun gargajiya da aka samo daga Babi na 151 na Littafin Matattu. Duk da haka, ko da inda aka adana su da kyau, rubutun ba koyaushe ba ne. Rubutun da aka adana a cikin akwatin gawa ɗaya ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin da za a iya gane su na hiroglyphs amma ba su samar da jimloli masu ma'ana ba, wanda ke nuna cewa ko da yake an rubuta shi da hannu da hannu, marubucin bai iya karatu ba.Kemp, Barry; Stevens, Anna (2010). "Tell El-Amarna, 2010". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 96: 10–21.

 Manazarta