Gidan ajiyar dutse na Itaakpa

Matsugunin dutsen Itaakpa wuri ne na binciken kayan tarihi da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya . Yana da kusan rabin kilomita yamma da ƙauyen Iffe-Ijumu, a jihar Kogi ta Najeriya.  Yana cikin yankin da ke da nau'ikan nau'ikan duwatsu masu kama da juna waɗanda suka ba da mafaka ga mutanen Late Stone Age kuma waɗanda ke da mahimmancin sha'awar kayan tarihi. https://www.bbc.com/hausa/multimedia/2012/10/121002_gasar_zanengidaje_naduniya

 Abubuwan da aka tona 
A tsakanin shekarar 1985 zuwa 1988 ne wata tawagar Burtaniya da ta Najeriya suka tono wurin. Allsworth-Jones, Philip; Oyelaran, Philip A.; Stringer, Chris; Compton, Tim (2012). "Itaakpa, a Late Stone Age site in southwestern Nigeria". Journal of Field Archaeology. 37 (3): 163–177. doi:10.1179/0093469012Z.00000000017. ISSN 0093-4690. JSTOR 24408518. Abubuwan kayan tarihi da aka samu a matsuguni, musamman tukwane, suna ba da shawarar dogon lokaci na ci gaba da aiki tun daga zamanin marigayi dutse zuwa zamanin ƙarfe . Kayan aikin, musamman kayan aikin microlithic (ƙananan, kayan aikin dutse masu kaifi), suna nuna salon rayuwar mafarauci.

Hakazalika binciken da aka yi a Itaakpa ya kuma bayyana gawarwakin ɗan adam - wani ɗan ƙaramin kwanyar ɗan adam wanda ya ƙunshi wani ɗan ɗaki na dama da maxilla, haƙora 12 a wurin da wasu keɓantattun hakora tara, da alama dukkansu na namiji ɗaya ne, mai yiwuwa a cikin shekaru ashirin. Haƙoran suna bayyana lafiya, ba tare da ganuwa ko ƙididdiga ba . A gefe guda kuma, damuwa ga enamel a wasu wurare na iya nuna alamun yunwa ko cututtuka yayin da enamel ke samuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai alamun lalacewa da tsagewa a kan wasu haƙora, kuma wannan a kwance ne kuma a kwance, wanda ya kasance irin na masu farauta. An rubuta wannan kwanyar zuwa 2210 Kafin Zuwan . Allsworth-Jones, Philip; Oyelaran, Philip A.; Stringer, Chris; Compton, Tim (2012). "Itaakpa, a Late Stone Age site in southwestern Nigeria". Journal of Field Archaeology. 37 (3): 163–177. doi:10.1179/0093469012Z.00000000017. ISSN 0093-4690. JSTOR 24408518.

An kuma tono tarin kayan aikin dutse da guntu daga matsugunin. Daga cikin jimlar 'lithic assemblage' na guda 5830, duk sai 31 na quartz ne. An gano kayan aikin quartz 28, da suka haɗa da burins biyu, awls biyu, maki biyu da scrapers na gefe 13. Har ila yau, an samo shi a saman kuma na baya-bayan nan akwai dunƙule na ƙarfe na ƙarfe, guntun waya na ƙarfe da kiban ƙarfe; wannan yana nuna cewa aikin ƙarfe ya faru ne a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na ɗan adam. Allsworth-Jones, Philip; Oyelaran, Philip A.; Stringer, Chris; Compton, Tim (2012). "Itaakpa, a Late Stone Age site in southwestern Nigeria". Journal of Field Archaeology. 37 (3): 163–177. doi:10.1179/0093469012Z.00000000017. ISSN 0093-4690. JSTOR 24408518.

 Sakamakon bincike 
Waɗannan binciken suna ba da haske game da ayyukan fasaha da al'adu na farkon mazaunan ɗan adam, irin su farauta da dabarun yin kayan aiki. Alal misali, nazarin binciken tukwane mai yawa a wurin ya ba da haske kan nau'ikan tukwane da ake samarwa da kuma dabarun da ake amfani da su wajen kera su. An gano jimillar rumbunan tukwane guda 1257 a wurin, wadanda akasarinsu kanana ne. Ba a sami shedu a cikin mafi daɗaɗɗen yadudduka na tono ba. Kimanin rabin shedu (kashi 51) an yi musu ado. Na'urorin kayan ado sun haɗa da ƙarewa (kashi 20.5); tsagi da yanka (kashi 18.5); da kuma karkatacciyar kirtani roulette da tsagi/incised (kashi 13.8). Masu binciken archeologists sun iya gano nau'ikan jirgin ruwa guda hudu - ƙananan ƙwararrun globular, manyan filaye (yiwuwar amfani da su don dafa abinci); manyan tukwane na ajiyar ruwa da kwanoni masu zurfi, mai yiwuwa ana amfani da su don soya abinci. Binciken da ba a iya gani ba na sherds ya nuna cewa wasu sun yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta a matsayin fushi (al'amarin gauraye da yumbu don rage raguwa da kuma hana tsagewa yayin aikin harbe-harbe). Ta hanyar bin diddigin ɓangarorin na tsawon lokaci, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun iya tabbatar da cewa "akwai wani ci gaba a fasahar tukwane a kan lokaci."

Abubuwan da aka gano a mafakar dutsen Itaakpa suna ba da gudummawa ga abin da yake, a halin yanzu, ƙaramin bayanai game da Marigayi Age Age mazaunan yammacin Afirka, da kuma sauran sassan nahiyar. Allsworth-Jones, Philip; Oyelaran, Philip A.; Stringer, Chris; Compton, Tim (2012). "Itaakpa, a Late Stone Age site in southwestern Nigeria". Journal of Field Archaeology. 37 (3): 163–177. doi:10.1179/0093469012Z.00000000017. ISSN 0093-4690. JSTOR 24408518.

 Nassoshi 

Rukuni:Tarihin Afirka