Tashin Hankali na Ovambo

Rikicin Ovambo wani tawaye ne na adawa da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Portugal a yakin duniya na daya, wanda ya gudana daga kimanin ranar 18 ga Disamba 1914 zuwa 6 ga Fabrairun 1917 tare da mutuwar shugabansu, King Mandume yandemufayo, da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu suka yi a Namibiya. Yakin ya yi artabu da sojojin Portugal, wanda Janar António Júlio da Costa Pereira de Eça ya jagoranta, da sojojin Ovambo, wanda ya kunshi mayakan kabilar Oukwanyama.Pélissier 1977

Fage
Kafin Scramble for Africa, yankin Kudancin Angola mallakar masarautar Kwanyama ne. Yarjejeniyar Berlin ta 1884 ta raba masarautar da kuma babbar kabilar Ovambo gaba dayanta tsakanin turawan mulkin mallaka guda biyu, ba tare da cewa wani daga cikin ‘yan asalin kasar Angola ba. Duk da haka, babu ɗayan iko biyun da zai yi ƙoƙarin yin aiki ko gudanarwa na aƙalla shekaru ashirin. Duk kokarin da Portuguese ke yi na murkushe Ovambo bai yi nasara ba har sai da aka ci Ombandja a 1907 da Evale a 1912 a lokacin yakin Portuguese akan Ovambo. Dalilin da ya sa Ovambo ke da wuya a yi nasara a kansa shi ne, suna da makamai da yawa kuma suna da karfin da ba za su iya yin nasara a kan wannan yanki na tattalin arziki ba, musamman kafin 1907.10.1080/03057079308708349, .
Birmingham 2015

Gabatarwa
Dangantakar Jamus da Kwanyama
Mandume ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin mulkin mallaka na Portugal kuma ya bukaci su kasance daidai da masu mulkin mallaka a manyan biranensu masu nisa. Mandume ya kuma nemi kusanci da Jamusawa duk da cewa sun mallaki rabin kudancin mulkinsa. Har ma ya kwatanta gwamnan Jamus ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka, Theodor Seitz, a matsayin "ɗan'uwansa a Windhuk".Zollmann 2016a

A cikin watan Agustan 1914, Gwamnan gundumar Outjo Hans Schultze-Jena ya ba da rahoton zargin ƙungiyoyin sojojin Burtaniya ko kuma aƙalla tasirin Birtaniyya a Angola ga Gwamna Seitz ta hanyar wayar tarho. Schultze-Jena ya shaidawa Seitz cewa akwai jita-jita da 'yan Portugal din ke kokarin mayar da Ovambo ga mulkin mallaka na Jamus. Duk da tabbatar da wadannan zarge-zargen, Seitz ya ci gaba da aika wasika zuwa ga mandume, yana mai shaida masa cewa sojojin Jamus za su mara masa baya idan Portuguese ta taba kai masa hari. Wasikar ta kuma yi alkawarin ba Mandume bindigogi 100 da alburusai wadanda ba a taba ba su ba. Wata mai zuwa Seitz ya aika da wata wasiƙa tare da wannan tayin a cikinta ƙarin ruwan inabi. Wasikar ta kuma yi magana game da manyan nasarorin da Jamus ta samu a Turai, inda ta tabbatar wa Mandume cewa idan ya tsaya “mai aminci ga Jamusawa ba lallai ne ka ji tsoron Fotigal ba, idan suka kawo maka hari, zan aika da sojojin Jamus su kore su. Ba za a kai bindigogi ba sai in Portuguese sun shiga Birtaniya suka mamaye Ovamboland.Zollmann 2016a

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