Haikali na Luxor

Haikali na Luxor  babban haikalin tsohuwar Masar ne wanda ke gefen gabas na Kogin Nilu a cikin birnin da ake kira Luxor (Thebes na dā) kuma an gina shi kusan 1400 KZ. A cikin Harshen Masar an san shi da ipet resyt, "masallacin kudanci". Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan temples guda biyu a bakin gabas, ɗayan kuma Karnak ne. Ba kamar sauran temples a Thebes ba, haikalin Luxor ba a keɓe shi ga allahn addini ko kuma wani nau'i na Fir'auna a mutuwa ba. Maimakon haka, an sadaukar da haikalin Luxor don sake farfado da sarauta; watakila ya kasance inda aka yi wa Fir'auna da yawa na Masar kambi a zahiri ko a hankali (kamar yadda yake ga Alexander the Great, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa an yi masa kambi a Luxor amma bazai taɓa tafiya a kudancin Memphis ba, kusa da Alkahira ta zamani).

A bayan haikalin akwai masallatai da Amenhotep III na Daular 18, da Alexander suka gina. Tutankhamun da Ramesses II ne suka gina wasu sassan haikalin. A Zamanin Romawa, haikalin da kewayenta sun kasance sansanin soja da kuma gidan gwamnatin Roma a yankin. A lokacin Roman wani ɗakin sujada a cikin Haikali na Luxor wanda aka keɓe wa allahiya Mut an canza shi zuwa ɗakin sujada na Tetrarchy kuma daga baya ya zama coci.

Tare da sauran wuraren tarihi a Thebes, an sanya Haikali na Luxor a cikin UNESCO World Heritage List a shekara ta 1979. 

 Gine-gine 
An gina Haikali na Luxor da sandstone daga yankin Gebel el-Silsila, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin Masar. Wannan sandstone ana kiransa sandstone na Nubian .  An yi amfani da shi don gina abubuwan tunawa a Upper Egypt da kuma a yayin ayyukan sabuntawa na baya da na yanzu.

Kamar sauran tsarin Masar, wata dabara ta yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce alama, ko mafarki. Misali, ga Masarawa, wani wuri mai tsarki mai siffar Anubis jackal shine ainihin Anubis. A Haikali na Luxor, obelisks guda biyu (ƙarami kusa da yamma yanzu yana a Place de la Concorde a Paris) da ke gefen ƙofar ba daidai ba ne, amma sun haifar da mafarki cewa sun kasance. Tare da shimfidar haikalin sun bayyana suna da daidaito, amma ta amfani da mafarki, yana inganta nisan dangi don haka yana sa su yi kama da girman bangon da ke bayansa. A alamance, sakamako ne na gani da na sararin samaniya don jaddada tsawo da nesa daga bango, inganta hanyar da ta riga ta kasance.

 tonowa 
Tun daga Zamanin Tsakiya, yawan mutanen Luxor sun zauna a ciki da kewayen haikalin, a kudancin ƙarshen dutsen. Saboda wannan, ƙarni na rushewa sun tara, har zuwa inda akwai wani tudu na wucin gadi kimanin mita 14.5 zuwa 15 (48 zuwa 49  a tsawo. Farfesa Gaston Maspero ya fara tono Haikali na Luxor bayan 1884, da zarar an ba shi izinin fara aiki. Abubuwan da aka tono sun kasance kaɗan har zuwa 1960. A tsawon lokaci, tarkace da aka tara na shekarun sun binne kashi uku cikin hudu na haikalin wanda ke dauke da kotuna da ginshiƙai waɗanda suka zama cibiyar rabin Larabawa na ƙauyen zamani. Maspero ya yi sha'awar a baya, kuma ya sami mukamin Mariette Pasha don kammala aikin a 1881. Ba wai kawai akwai sharar gida ba, amma akwai kuma bariki, shagunan, gidaje, gidaje da hasumiyoyin kurciya, waɗanda ake buƙatar cirewa don tono shafin.  (Har yanzu akwai masallaci mai aiki a cikin haikalin wanda ba a taɓa cire shi ba.) Maspero ya karɓi izini daga ministan ayyukan jama'a na Masar don samun kuɗi don tattauna diyya ga ɓangarorin ƙasar da gidaje da wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin su.

 Hanyar Sphinxes da tashoshin Shrine 
Hanyar (wanda aka sani da wi.t ntr "hanyar allah";以前 الكباش)  wanda ya tafi a cikin layi madaidaiciya na kimanin mita 2,700 (8,900   tsakanin Haikali na Luxor da yankin Karnak an haɗa shi da sphinxes masu kaifin mutum; a zamanin d ̄ a akwai yiwuwar waɗannan sun maye gurbin sphinxes na baya wanda ƙila yana da kawuna daban-daban. An kafa wuraren ibada guda shida, waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tashoshin hanya don jiragen ruwa na alloli a lokacin bukukuwan biki, a kan titin tsakanin Karnak da Luxor Temple. A gefen titin an kafa tashoshin don bukukuwan kamar Bikin Opet wanda ke da muhimmanci ga haikalin. Kowace tashar tana da manufa, alal misali tashar ta huɗu ita ce tashar Kamare, wacce ta sanyaya jirgin ruwa na Amun. Tashar ta biyar ta Kamare ita ce tashar da ta sami kyawawan Amun. A ƙarshe tashar Kamare ta shida ta kasance wuri ne mai tsarki ga Amun, Mai Tsarki na Matakai.

An gina wani karamin masallaci na mudbrick a cikin farfajiyar Nectanebo I a farkon karni na biyu (126 AZ) kuma an keɓe shi ga Serapis da Isis; an gabatar da shi ga Sarkin Roma Hadrian a ranar haihuwarsa.

 Masallacin Abu Haggag 

Masallacin Abu Haggag mai aiki (مسجد أبو الحج__y____y____y__) yana cikin haikalin, yana tsaye a kan tsoffin ginshiƙai da kansu. Wannan bangare na Haikali na Luxor ya zama coci ta Romawa a cikin 395 AD, sannan kuma zuwa masallaci a kusa da 640 AD, wanda ya fi shekaru 3,400 na ci gaba da bauta ta addini.

 Rashin nasara 
A cikin shekara ta 2013, wani dalibi na kasar Sin ya sanya hoto na rubutun da aka zana wanda ya karanta "Ding Jinhao ya kasance a nan" (Sinanci) a cikin Sinanci a kan wani mutum-mutumi. Wannan binciken ya haifar da muhawara game da karuwar yawon bude ido bayan da kafofin watsa labarai suka tabbatar da cewa dalibi na kasar Sin ya haifar da wannan da sauran lalacewa. Tun daga wannan lokacin an share rubutun a wani bangare.

 Hotuna 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba