Yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka kan mamayewar Belgium na Jihar Congo

Yarjejeniya ta Mulkin Mallaka kan 'yan mamaya na ƙasar Beljiyam a Ƙasar 'Yancin Kwango  Majalisar Belgian ta amince da shi a ranar 18 ga watan  Oktoba 1908. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamban 1908, Beljiyam ta karɓi mulkin mallaka a kan yankunan da suka haɗa da Jamhuriyar Kongo, a hukumance ta mai da Belgian Kongo ta zama mulkin mallaka na Belgium.

 Gabatarwa 
Mulkin mallaka a Kongo ya fara ne a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium ya yi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan gwamnati don tallafawa faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka a kusa da Basin Kongo wanda ba a san shi ba. Rikicin gwamnatin Belgium ya haifar da Leopold ya haifar da mulkin mallaka a kan kansa. Tare da goyon baya daga yawancin ƙasashen yammacin Turai a taron Berlin, Leopold ya sami amincewar ƙasa da ƙasa don mulkin mallaka na sirri, Kongo Free State, a shekarar 1885. Pakenham, Thomas (1992). The Scramble for Africa: the White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 (13th ed.). London: Abacus. pp. 253–5. . A farkon ƙarni, duk da haka, zaluncin da jami'an Free State da 'yan amshin sha'awa na ƙasa da ƙasa suka aikata a kan 'yan asalin Kongo da kuma tsarin rashin tausayi na cin zarafi na tattalin arziki ya haifar da matsananciyar matsin lamba na diflomasiyya a kan Belgium don karɓe ikon ƙasar a hukumance, wanda ta yi ta hanyar amincewa da Yarjejeniya ta Mulkin Mallaka kan Ƙasar Belgian na Ƙasar Kongo Free State, ta haka ne ya haifar da Belgian Kongo Pakenham, Thomas (1992). The Scramble for Africa: the White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 (13th ed.). London: Abacus. pp. 588–9. .

 Daftarin farko 
A farkon ƙarni na 20, jaridun Belgium da ra'ayoyin jama'a sun ƙara kaurace wa manufofin ƙasar Afirka ta Leopold. 'Yan majalisar sun yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da ayyukan rashin ɗa'a da ake yi a Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo kuma Kongo ta zama batu mai raba kan al'amuran cikin gida na Belgium. Vanthemsche, G. (2012). Belgium and the Congo, 1885-1980. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. . Gwamnatin Beljiyam ta buƙaci sarkin da ya tsufa da kuma taurin kai da ya amince da mayar da ƙasar ‘Yancin Kwango zuwa Belgium. Majalisar dokokin Beljiyam ta fara ne kan wata doka ta farko game da mulkin mallaka na Belgian nan gaba, tsari mai tsawo da wahala. An riga an rubuta daftarin farko na Yarjejeniya Ta Mulkin Mallaka a cikin shekarar 1901, amma tare da jujjuyawar haƙƙin sarauta, daftarin farko ya haɗa da tanade-tanade don Leopold II ya riƙe wani yanki mai zaman kansa na Crown. Burinsa shi ne ya ware yankuna da dama na Kongo daga hannun gwamnati, domin ya mallaki dukiyarsa. Sai a ƙarshen shekara ta 1906 Sarki Leopold na biyu ya amince da haɗewar, bayan da ƙasashen waje (ciki har da daular Burtaniya da Amurka) suka yi barazanar shirya taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan Kongo. 

 Amincewa 
A shekara ta 1906 wannan daftarin farko ya zama abin da ba za a amince da shi ba kuma majalisar dokokin Belgium ta kafa kwamiti na musamman da ke da alhakin shirya sabon kudirin doka da ya shafi gudanar da mulkin Jamhuriyar Congo. Daga ƙarshe wannan hukumar ta cire duk wani tanadi da ya shafi sarauta. A lokacin da aka kaɗa kuri'a a shekara ta 1908, an sami rarrabuwar kawuna a siyasance game da haɗewar Jamhuriyar 'Yanci ta Kwango. Vanthemsche, G. (2012). Belgium and the Congo, 1885-1980. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. . Taro na siyasa da tarwatsa ƙasidu masu nuna goyon baya ko adawa da haɗawa ya ƙaru. Yawancin masu ra'ayin gurguzu da masu tsattsauran ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya sun nuna adawa da wannan haɗewar tare da cin gajiyar zaɓe daga yakin neman zaɓen su na 'yan mulkin mallaka. Sai dai wasu masu ra'ayin gurguzu sun yi imanin cewa, kamata ya yi ƙasar ta haɗe ƙasar Kongo tare da taka rawar jin kai dangane da al'ummar Kongo. Daga ƙarshe, 'yan majalisar Katolika guda biyu da rabin 'yan majalisar Liberal sun shiga cikin masu ra'ayin gurguzu wajen yin watsi da Yarjejeniya ta Mulkin Mallaka (ƙuri'u arba'in da takwas na adawa) kuma kusan dukkanin Katolika da sauran rabin 'yan majalisar Liberal sun amince da yarjejeniyar (ƙuri'u casa'in na kuri'a bakwai). Polasky J. (1995). The democratic socialism of Emile Vandevelde: Between Reform and Revolution. Berg, Oxford/Washington D.C., Chapter 3.  Don haka, a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba 1908 Belgian Kongo ya zama mulkin mallaka na Masarautar Belgian.

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