Yaƙin Kitombo

Yaƙin Kitombo wani yaƙin soji ne tsakanin sojojin BaKongo na jihar Soyo, wanda a baya lardin daular Kongo ne, kuma yankin mulkin mallaka na Portugal a ƙasar Angola a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoban 1670. Tun da farko a cikin shekarar dakarun ƙasar Portugal sun mamaye Soyo da nufin kawo ƙarshen kasancewarta kasa mai 'yancin kai. Masarautar Ngoyo ta tallafa wa Soyo, wanda suka ba da maza da makamai, sannan kuma Dutch, wanda suka ba da bindigogi, bama-bamai da harsasai. Estêvão Da Silva ne ya jagoranci rundunar Soyo-Ngoyo, sannan João Soares de Almeida  ne ya jagorance mutanen Fotugal. An kashe kwamandojin biyu a yakin, wanda ya haifar da gagarumar nasara ga Soyo. Kaɗan ne, idan ma akwai, daga cikin maharan suka tsira daga mutuwa ko kamu.

 Tarihi 
Fotugal  sun daɗe suna kasuwanci da Masarautar Kongo, galibi suna kallonta azaman tushen bayi. A cikin shekarar 1665 sojojin Portugal sun mamaye Masarautar kuma suka ci sojojinta a yakin Mbwila. Thornton, John K: Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500–1800 London: Routledge.  Page 103. 1999 Haɗin kai ya haifar da murkushe nasarar Portugal wanda ya ƙare a mutuwar Mwenekongo António I da mafi yawan sarakunan masarauta, wargaza sojojinta da shigar da wani ɗan tsana na Portugal.  Bayan haka, Kongo ta ɓarke a cikin mummunan yakin basasa tsakanin gidan Kinlaza, wanda ya yi mulki a ƙarƙashin marigayi sarki, da kuma gidan Kimpanzu. Thornton, John K: The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706, page 69.  Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1998 Soyo, gida ga yawancin 'yan jam'iyyar Kimpanzu, ya yi marmarin cin gajiyar hargitsi. Thornton, John K: The Kongolese Saint Anthonty: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706, page 78. Cambridge: Cambridge University  1998 A cikin 'yan watanni da bala'in ƙasa a Mbwila, Yariman Soyo Paulo da Silva ya mamaye babban birnin São Salvador kuma ya dora abokinsa, Afonso II a kan ƙaraga. Wannan ya sake faruwa a cikin shekarar 1669 tare da sanya Álvaro IX akan karagar mulki. Gray, Richard: Black Christians & White Missionaries page 38. New Haven: Yale University, 1990  A wannan lokacin duka hukumomin Portugal da na tsakiya a Kongo sun gaji da tsoma bakin Soyo. Yayin da Kinlaza da wasu a Kongo ke rayuwa cikin fargabar harin Soyo, gwamnan Luanda ya yi fatan dakile ƙaruwar karfin Soyo.  Tare da samun dama ga 'yan kasuwa na Holland suna son sayar musu da bindigogi da igwa tare da damar diflomasiyya ga Paparoma, Soyo yana kan hanyarsa ta zama mai karfi kamar yadda Kongo ta kasance a gaban Mbwila. Sarki Rafael I na Kongo, wanda Soyo ya kora daga babban birninsa, ya gudu zuwa Luanda, inda ya nemi taimakon Portuguese don mayar da shi kan ƙaragar mulki. Birmingham, David: Portugal and Africa, page 61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999  A sakamakon haka, ya yi alkawarin kuɗi na Portugal, rangwamen ma'adinai da kuma haƙƙin gina kagara a Soyo don hana 'yan Holland. 

 Shirye-shirye 
Gwamnan Luanda, Francisco de Távora, ya ba da umarni ga rundunar 'yan Portugal, waɗanda 'yan ƙawayen gida irin su Ibangala da ake jin tsoro suka ƙara su zuwa Soyo don murkushe mulkin sau ɗaya. Gray, Richard: Black Christians & White Missionaries page 38. New Haven: Yale University, 1990 ISBN 9780300049107 João Soares de Almeida ne ya jagorance ta, tare da mafi girman sojojin mulkin mallaka da aka tsara a Afirka ta Tsakiya har zuwa lokacin. Birmingham, David: Portugal and Africa, page 61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999 ISBN 9780333734049 Ya haɗa da mayaƙa 400, ƙungiyar dawakai da ba kasafai ba, 4 haske cannons, da ba a sani ba adadin levee baka, Ibangala auxiliaries da ma wasu jiragen ruwa na ruwa.  

Yariman Soyo na lokacin, Paulo da Silva, ya sami labarin mamayewar da ke tafe kuma ya shirya sojojinsa don su gamu da shi. Thornton, John K: The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-170 Cambridge: Cambridge University, page 69. 1998  A wani baje kolin abin mamaki na haɗin kai bayan Mbwila BaKongo, Soyo ya yi kira ga masarautar Ngoyo da ta taimaka. Thornton, John K: Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500–1800 page 112. London: Routledge, 1999  Ngoyo a wani lokaci aƙalla yana ƙarƙashin ikon sarkin Kongo amma ya girma ban da jihar a ƙarni na 17. Ngoyo, wacce ta yi alfahari da gungun manya-manyan dabarun yaki, ta aika da sojoji da yawa zuwa makwabciyarta ta kudanci da nufin kai harin. 

Ana samun cikakkun bayanai kan ainihin yadda aka yi kamfen ɗin. An kasu kashi biyu ne na farko shine yakin kogin Mbidizi, gajeriyar alkawari amma mai zubar da jini a arewacin kogin Mbidizi a watan Yuni. Bayan haka Turawan Portugal sun kara zurfi zuwa Kongo. Birmingham, David: Portugal and Africa, page 61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999 ISBN 9780333734049

 Yaƙi 
An gudanar da yakin  a kusa ko a wani yanki mai dazuka mai suna Nfinda Ngula kusa da babban ƙauyen Kitombo a watan Oktoba. A cikin tsaka-tsakin, sojojin biyu sun sami damar sake tsarawa da kuma sake cika kayansu.Battell, Andrew and Purchas, Samuel The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh, in Angola and the Adjoining Regions, page 132. London: The Hakluyt Society, 1901 OCLC 959072849 Sojojin na Soyo sun yi amfani da wannan lokacin wajen sake samar da karin makamai daga abokan kawancensu na ƙasar Holland. Birmingham, David: Portugal and Africa, page 61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999 ISBN 9780333734049 Sojojin BaKongo sun sake haɗuwa a Nfinda Ngula, wani yanki mai cike da dazuzzuka wanda ya yi wa Soyo hidima sosai a yakin da suka yi da Kongo a lokacin mamayar Garcia II. Sojojin Soyo-Ngoyo sun yi taho-mu-gama a kusa da Estêvão Da Silva da manyan bindigoginsa.  Gray, Richard: Black Christians & White Missionaries page 38. New Haven: Yale University, 1990 ISBN 9780300049107 Ya zama mai wahala don samun damar yin amfani da bindigogi na Portuguese, yana ba da damar haɗin gwiwar yin amfani da ƙananan filayen haske na Dutch zuwa sakamako mai kyau. Sai suka caje su kuma suka fatattaki Portuguese. An lalata sojojin 'yan mulkin mallaka gaba ɗaya.  Mutanen Portuguese da ba a kashe su ba a cikin yaƙin sun nutsar da ƙoƙarin tserewa daga kogin ko kuma an kama su.  kwamandan tana da cewa an ba da fursunoni a matsayin bayi farar fata ga ƴan ƙasar Holland.  Kwamandan ta, de Almeida, ya mutu a lokacin yakin.  Kawo yanzu dai ba a san adadin waɗanda aka kashe a harin na sojojin Soyo ba.Thornton, John K: The Kongolese Saint Anthonty: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706, page 197. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1998 

 Bayan yaƙin da zaman lafiya 
Yakin Kitombo ya kasance abin kaskanci ga Turawan Fotigal da kuma alheri ga jihar Soyo. Angola ta Portugal ta ci gaba da adawa da Soyo da Kongo, amma ba su kuskura su koma ba. Thornton, John K: The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706, page 69. ISBN 9780521593700 Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1998 Soyo da House of Kimpanzu sun ƙara karfi a siyasar yankin, amma ba su taba samun arzikin kafin Mbwila Kongo ba kamar yadda Portuguese suka ji tsoro. Yariman na Soyo na gaba ya yi amfani da abokan hulɗa na ƙasar Holland, musamman ta hanyar masu wa’azin Capuchin, don shawo kan Paparoma ya sa baki a madadinsu. Bisa ga umarnin Soyo, Paparoma ya aika da wani limamin Paparoma zuwa ga Sarkin Portugal wanda ya sami yarjejeniyar amincewa da Soyo ta 'yancin kai tare da kawo ƙarshen kokarin da ake yi a kan ikon mallakarta. Gray, Richard: Black Christians & White Missionaries page 38. New Haven: Yale University, 1990 ISBN 9780300049107

 Duba kuma 

 Yakin Basasa na Kongo
 Yakin Kogin Mbidizi
 Soyo
 Masarautar Kongo
 Tarihin Angola

 Manazarta