James Beauttah

James Beauttah (1889-1985) ɗan gwagwarmayar adawa da yan  mulkin mallaka ne ɗan ƙasar Kenya  kuma jagoran siyasa.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi James Beauttah Mbtu wa Ruhara a Lower Muhito a Mukurwe-ini a gundumar Nyeri ta yau. Maraya ne tun yana ƙarami, ya gudu daga Nyeri zuwa Maragua a Fort Hall, gundumar Murang'a a yau, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 12 don shiga wani nau'i na aiki. A nan ne zai iya ƙaura tare da ma'aikacinsa zuwa Nairobi (a cikin shekarar 1903). Daga baya (a cikin shekarar 1904), zai ƙaura zuwa Mombasa kuma, daga nan, ya halarci makarantar CMS a Freretown sannan ya gudanar da kwas na telegraphist a makarantar CMS a Rabai. 

A lokacin baftisma a Freretown da Reverend Canon Harry Kerr Binns,  an yi masa baftisma James Mbuto. Daga baya a shekarar ta 1918, yayin da yake aiki a Mombasa, ya sanya sunansa Mbutu zuwa Beauttah,  wanda ake zargin don ya iya kauce wa ƙuntatawa na mulkin mallaka na wariyar launin fata wanda zai hana shi sayen hannun jari na Brooke Bond, kamfanin farin shayi da ke aiki a Kenya a lokacin.

Yayin da yake horo a matsayin mai yin telegraph a Rabai, ya zauna a kusa da Mazeras. A Mazeras ne daga baya zai yi renon danginsa matasa da suka haɗa da matarsa wacce ta fito daga yankin Mijikenda da 'ya'yansa ciki har da Henry Rohara.  Bayan horon an tura shi ofishin gidan waya a Mombasa sannan zuwa Buganda, a cikin shekarar ta 1911. Ziyarar aikinsa kuma za ta kai shi Kikuyu, Nairobi, Naivasha, Eldoret, Kisumu, Maseno, da sauran garuruwan Kenya yayin da ake canja masa wuri aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2. Ya yi aiki a Mombasa, Nairobi da Uganda kuma da yawa. 

Ziyarar da ya yi a faɗin Kenya (ya gana da shugabanni da waɗanda suka kafa kungiyar ta Gabashin Afirka yayin da suke aiki a Nairobi, na kungiyar Matasa Nyika yayin da aka buga su a Mombasa da kuma waɗanda suka fito daga Young Kavirondo Associaton yayin da yake aiki a Kisumu da Maseno) da Uganda sun fallasa shi ga yunkurin siyasa na ci gaba da kuma karfafa gwiwarsa na gaba. A ƙarshe zai yi ritaya daga aikin gidan waya a shekarar ta 1932.  

 Rayuwar Siyasa 
A daya daga cikin sakamakonsa zuwa Nairobi, a shekarar 1924, Beauttah, tare da wasu maza daga Murang'a (Joseph Kang'ethe, George Kirongozi Ndegwa, James Njoroge, Jesse Kariuki, Kumo Kahacho), sun kafa Kikuyu Central Association (KCA),  don cika gurbin da kungiyar Gabashin Afirka (a baya kungiyar Young Kikuyu) ta haramta a shekarar 1922 bayan mummunan tashin hankali da mambobin da Muthoni Nyanjiru ke jagoranta suka kama su, Harry Thain, wanda gwamnatin mulkin mallaka tayi.

A cikin shekarar 1926, lokacin da KCA ta rubuta wa Beauttah (wanda gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta aika zuwa Uganda a wancan lokacin) kuma ta umarce shi da ya tafi Landan a matsayin wakilinsu don gabatar da kokensu kai tsaye ga gwamnatin Burtaniya, ya ƙi saboda 'ya'yansa suna ƙanana. Ya ba da shawarar cewa Kenyatta ya koma wurinsa.  Kenyatta bisa shawarar Beauttah, daga baya zai zama Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar.

A shekara ta 1929, kungiyar Kikuyu ta tsakiya ta yanke shawarar tura Jomo Kenyatta zuwa Burtaniya don gabatar da korafe-korafen Afirka a gaban ofishin 'yan mulkin mallaka.  Shugaban Indiya kuma memba na Legco, Isher Dass, ya tattara kuɗaɗen tafiyar tasa. 

A lokacin, a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1930, Kenyatta ya koma Kenya, Beauttah ya yi maraba da shi da matarsa, Grace Wahu, waɗanda suka yi tafiya zuwa Mombasa don tarbar mijinta, zuwa gidansa na Mombasa. Beauttah zai kasance shugaban wata babbar tawaga daga Kenya ta Tsakiya da Ƙungiyar ta taru don sake maraba da Kenya zuwa gida a cikin shekarar 1946 lokacin da ya dawo daga ziyarar da ya kai Biritaniya. 

Beauttah ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Kenya kuma wanda ya gaje ta, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin zartarwa na tsohon kuma mataimakin shugaban (mai wakiltar Kenya ta tsakiya) na ƙarshen. 

An yanke wa James Beauttah hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 2 a gidan yari a watan Fabrairun 1952 bayan da aka kama shi kan harkokin siyasarsa a Murang'a inda ya zauna a shekara ta 1936, 'yan shekaru bayan barin 'yan mulkin mallaka. Yayin da yake ci gaba da wannan hukuncin, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 6 saboda zarginsa da alaka da kungiyar Mau Mau da ayyukanta a tsakiyar ƙasar Kenya. 

A babban zaɓen 1963, ya yi takara da Kariuki Njiiri, wanda hedkwatar jam'iyyar KANU ta fi so (ya yi, a shekarar 1962, ya sauka a kan Kenyatta ya karɓi kujerarsa ta LegCo domin ya jagoranci tattaunawar Lancaster House) don neman kujerar majalisar dokokin Kigumo kuma ya sha ƙasa.   Njiiri ɗa ne ga Babban Cif Njiiri wa Karanja, sanannen mai haɗin gwiwar gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.  Rashin Beauttah a zaɓen zai haifar da wani shamaki na dindindin tsakaninsa da Kenyatta da ba za a taɓa samun sulhuntawa ba. 

 Rayuwa ta baya da zuriya 
Bayan ya sha kaye a zaɓen 1963, Beauttah ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa na Maragua kuma zai yi sauran rayuwarsa a can har ya mutu a shekarar 1985. Jana'izarsa ta samu halartar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na lokacin Mwai Kibaki, John Michuki, Kenneth Matiba. 

Zuriyar Beauttah sun bazu a Kenya. Ɗaya daga cikin zuriyarsa, Henry Beauttah, shine shugaban Maragua Residents and Business Community Association, yana magance matsalolin mazauna yankin Maragua da kuma kiyaye gadon Beauttah a raye.   Jikansa, Oscar Kiragu Beauttah, har zuwa rasuwarsa, ya kasance shugaban hukumar gudanarwa ta makarantar sakandare ta Lang'ata, kuma ya jagoranci yunkurin da makarantar ke yi na dakile masu kwace filayenta a unguwar Lang'ata da ke Nairobi, inda wasu daga cikin dangin, ciki har da ɗansa Henry Rohara, suka zauna tsawon shekaru da dama. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1985
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba