Tsohuwar Alkahira

Tsohuwar Alkahira (Larabci: مصر القديمة, romanized: Miṣr al-Qadīma, lafazin Masar: Maṣr El-ʾAdīma) yanki ne mai tarihi a Alkahira, Masar, wanda ya hada da wurin kagara na zamanin Roman, matsugunin Kirista na 'yan Koftik Alkahira, da matsugunan musulmi-zamanin Fustatt da aka samo asali a cikin Cairo-9. Yana daga cikin abin da ake kira Tarihi Alkahira, Cibiyar Tarihi ta UNESCO."Historic Cairo". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 7 September 2021

Har ila yau, Miṣr al-Qadīma gundumar gudanarwa ce ta zamani a yankin Kudancin Alkahira, wacce ta kunshi yankin tun daga mashigin ruwa na Alkahira zuwa arewa, zuwa hanyar Ring Road a kudu, da kuma daga makabartar Khalifa zuwa gabas, zuwa gabar kogin Nilu a yamma, da tsibirin Roda, ko Manial al-Roda.Southern Area". www.cairo.gov.eg. Retrieved 2023-02-19., أحمد (2009-02-09). "خرائط "أحياء القاهرة" من موقع الادارة العامة للمعلومات والتوثيق". خطوات في الجغرافيا (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-02-19 Tana da mazauna 250,313 bisa ga ƙidayar 2017.Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) (2017). "2017 Census for Population and Housing Conditions". CEDEJ-CAPMAS. Retrieved 2023-02-21.

 Tarihi 
Ƙarin bayani: Alkahira § Tarihi

 Roman Fort da Coptic Alkahira 
Yankin da ke kusa da birnin Alkahira na yau ya daɗe ya kasance wani wuri mai mahimmanci na Tsohuwar Masar saboda dabarun wurinsa a mahadar kogin Nilu da yankunan Delta Delta, wanda kuma ya sanya shi a mashigar manyan hanyoyi tsakanin Arewacin Afirka da Levant. Memphis, babban birnin Misra a lokacin Tsohuwar Mulki kuma babban birni har zuwa lokacin Ptolemaic, yana da ɗan tazara kudu maso yamma da Alkahira ta yau.Snape, Steven (2014). The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. pp. 170–177. ISBN 9780500051795.

Kusan ƙarshen karni na 4, yayin da Memphis ke raguwa da mahimmanci,  Romawa sun kafa babban sansanin soja tare da gabashin gabar kogin Nilu. Kagara, wanda ake kira Babila, an gina shi ta hanyar Sarkin Roma Diocletian (r. 285-305) a ƙofar tashar ruwa da ke haɗa kogin Nilu zuwa Bahar Maliya wanda sarki Trajan ya kirkira a baya (r. 98-115). Birnin yana da mahimmanci sosai cewa bishop Cyrus, ya halarci taron majalisa na biyu na Afisa a shekara ta 449.

Yaƙin Byzantine-Sassaniya tsakanin 602 da 628 ya haifar da wahala mai yawa kuma mai yiwuwa ya sa yawancin mazaunan birni barin ƙauye, wanda ya bar mazaunan wani yanki ba kowa. Duk da haka wurin ya kasance a tsakiyar al'ummar 'yan Koftik Orthodox, wanda ya ƙunshi Kiristocin Masar waɗanda suka rabu da majami'u na Roman da Rumawa a ƙarshen karni na 4.

 Fustat a farkon zamanin musulmi 
Bayan da musulmi suka mamaye Masar a shekara ta 641 a zamanin Halifancin Rashidun, kwamandan Larabawa Amr ibn al-As ya kafa Fustat (Larabci: الفُسطاط, romanized: al-Fusṭāṭ) a arewa da kagaran Romawa, a gefen gabas na kogin Nilu. Bisa bukatar halifa Umar, an mayar da babban birnin Masar daga Iskandariya zuwa wannan sabon birni.

 Asalin Al-Askar (lokacin Abbasid) 
Isar da Khalifofin Umayyawa na baya ya yi yawa, tun daga Spain ta zamani har zuwa yammacin China. Sai dai Abbasiyawa ne suka hambarar da su, inda suka mayar da babban birnin daular Musulunci zuwa Bagadaza. A kasar Masar, wannan sauyin mulki ya kunshi tafiyar da iko daga birnin Fustat kadan daga arewa zuwa wani sabon birnin Abbasiyawa mai suna al-'Askar (Larabci: مدينة العسكري, romanized: Madinatu l-'Askari, lit. 'City of Cantonments or City of Sections'). An yi niyya da farko a matsayin birni mai girma da zai iya samar da sojoji, an shimfida shi cikin tsarin grid wanda za a iya rarraba shi cikin sauƙi zuwa sassa daban-daban na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, kamar yan kasuwa da hafsoshi.Gabra et al. 2013, pp. 20–22

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