Mutanen Cimarron

Cimarrons a Panama sun kasance bayi na Afirka waɗanda suka tsere daga iyayensu na Spain kuma suka zauna tare a matsayin maroons. A cikin 1570s, sun haɗa kai da Francis Drake na Ingila don cin nasara da cin nasarar Spain. A cikin Sir Francis Drake Revived (1572), Drake ya kwatanta Cimarrons a matsayin "baƙar fata waɗanda kimanin shekaru tamanin da suka wuce sun gudu daga Mutanen Espanya iyayengijinsu, saboda zaluncinsu, kuma tun lokacin da suka girma zuwa al'umma, karkashin sarakuna biyu na kansu. Daya yana zaune zuwa yamma, ɗayan zuwa gabas ta hanyar daga Nombre] Dios ".

 Ilimin kalmomi 
Kalmar Ingilishi Maroon ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Mutanen Espanya cimarrón, ma'ana "daji" ko "wanda ba a sani ba". Wannan kalma da farko tana magana akan shanu da dabbobin da suka ɓace, musamman a farkon Caribbean. A cikin 1520s, an fara amfani da shi ga mutanen da suka haɗa da ƴan asalin ƙasa da ƴan Afirka waɗanda suka gudu daga bautar Spain.Robert C. Schwaller, ed., African Maroons in Sixteenth Century Panama (University of Oklahoma Press, 2021), p. 21 Masana sun yi imanin cewa kalmar Sifananci cimarron ta fito ne daga kalmar Taino si'maran ma'ana "daji, dabbanci, ya ɓace"Carlos Esteban Deive, Los guerrilleros negros (Santo Domingo, 1989), 11–12.

 Tarihi 
Tawayen bayi da tashe-tashen hankula a Sabuwar Duniya sun zama ruwan dare a cikin shekarun farko na bincike. Bayin da suka gudu sun yi yawa a Brazil kuma, inda aka san su da palenques, cumbes da quilombos. Waɗannan bayin da suka gudu sun gudu daga ma'adinan ma'adinai da garuruwan Spain kuma suka gina nasu garuruwan kusan masu cin gashin kansu. Irin waɗannan garuruwan sun ɗauki nauyin haɗakar al'adu da al'adu daban-daban daga tushen Afirka, Yuro da kuma 'yan asali. A cikin 1529, a ƙasar Kolombiya a yanzu, ’yan tawayen da suka bautar da su sun halaka Santa Marta.Jose Franco, Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 35.

Cimarrons a Panama bayi ne na Afirka waɗanda suka yi watsi da iyayengiji na Spain a tsakiyar karni na 16. Lokacin da aka kawo su Panama, sun yi aure da ’yan asalin kuma nan da nan suka koyi ƙasar don su ƙware da Mutanen Espanya. Kimanin 3,000 daga cikinsu sun zauna a Nombre de Dios, wani gari a gefen Caribbean. Babban mazauninsu ya kasance a Vallano (ko Bayano), wasannin 30 a ƙasan Nombre de Dios.Parris, Scott V. “Alliance and Competition: Four Case Studies of Maroon-European Relations.” Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide, vol. 55, no. 3/4, 1981, p. 181. JSTOR website Retrieved 13 Feb. 2023. A cikin 1570s hukumomin Spain sun kiyasta wannan gundumar tana da mayaƙa 1700. Bayano, mutumin Mandinka da aka bautar da shi kuma aka kai shi Panama a shekara ta 1552, ya jagoranci tawaye a wannan shekara ga Mutanen Espanya a Panama. Shi da mabiyansa sun tsere sun sami kauyuka a cikin lungunan da ke cikin tudu. Viceroy Canete ya ji ba zai iya cin galaba a kan wadannan ma’aikatan ba, don haka ya ba su sharudda da suka shafi amincewa da ’yancinsu, matukar sun ki karbar wani sabon shiga, kuma suka komo da gudu zuwa ga masu su.Jose Franco, Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 41.

Mutane da yawa suna zama a manyan ƙauyuka ko kuma a ɓuya a cikin tsaunuka marasa kyau. Suna yawan shirya kai hare-hare kan matsugunan Mutanen Espanya kuma sun yi barazanar kona Nombre de Dios. Sau da yawa suna sace dukiya daga Mutanen Espanya kuma suna ɓoye ta a cikin kogin. Sa’ad da Mutanen Espanya suka taɓa shirin aika balaguro a kansu, sai suka gina gallows a kan babbar hanya kuma suka yi barazanar rataye su da kuma yanke kawunan Mutanen Espanya idan an yi irin wannan manufa.

Mutanen Espanya sun ji tsoron cewa Cimarrons za su hada karfi da Indiyawa kuma su tayar da tawaye. Don hana wannan, sun fitar da tsauraran dokokin hukunci, wanda ake kira Ordenazas para los negros. Idan bawa ya gudu daga wurin ubangidansa na Spain ya shiga Cimarrons, za a rataye shi (idan an sake kama shi). Indiyawan, waɗanda aka yi musu kyau fiye da bayi, an kuma hukunta su da tsanani idan sun shiga Cimarrons.

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