Afirka kafin zuwan Faransa

Afirka kafin zuwan Faransa wani lokacin ana taƙaita shi zuwa AFL) ƙungiyar siyasa ce wacce ke wakiltar yankuna masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa Equatorial Afirka da Kamaru a ƙarƙashin ikon Faransanci a Yaƙin Duniya na II .

Ya ba da tushe na siyasa da yanki don Faransanci Kyauta kuma ya ƙarfafa matsayin Janar Charles de Gaulle na duniya. Ta ba da babbar gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin yaƙi ta hanyar ba da kuɗi ga Resistance Faransa, ta hanyar gudummawar da yawancin sojojinta suka bayar ga Sojojin Faransa 'Yanci, da kuma ta hanyar amfani da sojoji na kayan aiki da yankuna.

Saboda matsayinta na yanki, Afirka ta Faransa ta Free ta ba da kadara mai yawa ga kawancen, tana fifita ayyukan soji daga Chadi a yakin Hamada ta Yamma a Masar da Libya, tare da sauƙaƙe hanyoyin sadarwa a duk faɗin Nahiyar, don haka bai wa Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya damar yin hulɗa da juna.

 Tarihi da yankuna 
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, bayan roko na ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, 1940, Janar Charles de Gaulle ya yi kira da a ci gaba da yakin tare da fatan dogaro da girman daular Faransa da yawancin kasashen da ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka.

Babban kwamandan sojojin Faransa a arewacin Afirka, Charles Noguès, daga karshe ya yi watsi da fadan bayan da a baya ya yi jawabai da ke nuna sha'awar ci gaba. Bayan ba da kai ga gwamnatin Vichy, da kuma goyon bayan Pétain, Faransa ta yammacin Afirka ita ma ta ba da gudummawa bayan rasa yakin Dakar .

Faransa Equatorial Africa, a gefe guda, ci gaba da yin tururuwa zuwa Faransanci mai 'yanci Marc Michel, "Afrique française libre", dans François Marcot (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la Résistance, Paris, Robert Laffont, 2006 (), p. 317-319 karkashin jagorancin Félix Éboué, gwamnan mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Chadi. A ranar 3 ga Yuli 1940 ya rubuta wa de Gaulle yana nuna sha'awar ci gaba da yakin. Kuma a ranar 26 ga Agusta 1940 tare da goyon bayan Kanar Marchand da Henri Laurentie, ya yi shelar a hukumance cewa Chadi wani yanki ne na Faransanci na 'Yanci. Philippe Oulmont, 'Éboué, Félix (1884-1944)', in François Marcot (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la Résistance, Paris, Robert Laffont, 2006 (), p. 414-415 Wannan ya ba Faransa 'yanci da yanki inda za ta iya gudanar da mulkin mallaka da tara sojoji. France libre, in Anthony Rowley (ed.), Dictionnaire d'histoire de France, Perrin, 2002 (), p. 420

A wannan rana ce da aka yi taron a hukumance na sake tara kasar Chadi zuwa kasar Faransa, Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque ya sauka a birnin Douala, inda ya karbe ikon yankin a washegari, wanda hakan ya sa kasar Kamaru ta zama wani bangare na kasar Faransa mai ‘yanci. Bayan da aka kara Kamaru, Kongo Faransa, karkashin jagorancin Kanar de Larminat, a ranar 28 ga Agusta, da Ubangi-Shari (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta yanzu) sun bi sahun Marc Michel, "Afrique française libre", dans François Marcot (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la Résistance, Paris, Robert Laffont, 2006 (ISBN 2-221-09997-4), p. 317-319 A ranar 29 ga Agusta 1940, Kanar de Larminat ya kafa gwamnatin Afirka ta Free French.

Da farko Gabon ba ta shiga Faransa ta Free ba, kuma ta kasance da aminci ga Vichy. Amma, a cikin Nuwamba 1940, karkashin Leclerc, Free Faransa ya jagoranci wani hari a Gabon, kuma bayan yaƙi daga 9th zuwa 10th, Gabon aka tilasta shiga Free Faransa. Marc Michel, "Afrique française libre", dans François Marcot (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la Résistance, Paris, Robert Laffont, 2006 (ISBN 2-221-09997-4), p. 317-319

 Tushen Siyasa na Free France 
alt=Photo of Charles de Gaulle greeting before getting out of car.|thumb| De Gaulle ya isa Brazzaville, babban birnin kasar.
A cikin yanki mai faɗin Afirka na 'Yancin Faransa, gami da Faransa Equatorial Afirka da Kamarun Faransa, Charles de Gaulle ya sami damar yin cikakken iko a matsayin shugaban Faransa mai 'yanci, bisa kafa ɗaya tare da shugaban ƙasa. Bayan ya ratsa ta Douala na Kamaru da Chadi, ya isa Brazzaville a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1940, wacce ta kasance wurin zama na gwamnatin Kongo Faransa, da kuma gwamnatin Tarayyar Faransa Equatorial Africa .

Brazzaville ya zama babban birnin Afirka na Faransanci na 'Yanci da kuma na Faransanci na 'Yanci kuma a can ne de Gaulle ya sanya hannu kan ka'idoji da umarni na farko waɗanda za su gudanar da yankin Faransanci na 'Yanci. Brazzaville ya kasance babban birni har zuwa 1943, lokacin da Algiers ya karbi ragamar mulki. 

Yayin da Brazzaville ya kasance babban birnin Afirka na 'Yancin Faransa, Charles De Gaulle ya kirkiro Majalisar Tsaro ta Daular a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1940, tare da burin magance "gaba daya na yaki don 'yantar da kasar". A Brazzaville ne kuma De Gaulle ya kafa odar 'yantar da jama'a a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1940, kuma ya ba da umarnin sirri ga Kanar Leclerc na 2nd Armed division. Radio-Brazzaville ya zama gidan rediyon Faransanci na Free.

Sabon gwamnan Brazzaville shine Félix Éboué, na farko da ya shiga Faransanci na Kyauta. Da farko dai, gudanarwar yankunan ya ci gaba da rike ayyukan da aka yi a baya kafin su shiga cikin jerin gyare-gyare na asali wadanda suka nemi manufofin da suka danganci kungiya maimakon hadewa. Wannan sabon tsarin yana so ya mutunta "Cibiyoyin Halitta". Éboué a kai a kai ya tara shugabanni daga yankunan Faransa. Musamman ma, ya karbi bakuncin wadannan shugabannin a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1944 don tattauna "Ƙungiyar Faransanci" da kuma sake tunani game da dangantakar yankunan Faransa da babban birni.

An sake ba wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago izini a Afirka ta Yanci a cikin 1943, kuma hakan ya ba waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci damar jin muryoyinsu. Afirka ta Faransa mai 'yanci ta rasa matsayinta a zuwan Amurkawa a Arewacin Afirka a 1942. Kuma a cikin 1943 Algiers ya zama sabon babban birnin Afirka na Faransanci na 'yanci, kuma yankin ya sake hade da Arewacin Afirka, Faransanci Yammacin Afirka, da Faransanci na Equatorial Afirka.

 Gudunmawa ga yunkurin yaki 

 Ma'aikata da sojoji 
Al'ummar Afirka ta Faransa mai 'yanci sun taka rawa sosai a yakin. An kafa   a can daga Disamba 1940 zuwa Janairu 1943, kowannensu ya ƙunshi maza ɗari shida zuwa ɗari takwas. Dangane da hasara mai yawa, sun bambanta kansu a fagen fama daban-daban.

, ko kuma Ubangi-Shari Battalion, musamman ya yi fice a yakin Bir Hakeim, inda ya zama rukunin farko na kasa da ya zama memba na Order of Liberation . Bataliya ta uku ta Chadi ita ce rukunin daya tilo a tsakanin sojojin Faransa da suka shiga yakin Eritrea. 

Wadannan bataliyoyin kuma sun shiga yakin Siriya, sun shiga cikin Djibouti da Madagascar, kuma sun kasance kashi uku na sojojin Faransa da ke yakin Cyrenaica.

Domin ya bi ta arewa ta cikin hamada don shiga ayyukan Libya da sojojin Italiya, Kanar Leclerc ya kara yawan sojojinsa tare da karin maza daga Kamaru, da kuma daukar mutane kimanin 3,000 daga Tirailleurs Sénégalais a Chadi. Leclerc zai yi amfani da Chadi a matsayin tushen baya don ayyukansa da kuma matsayin tushen tallafin kayan aiki daga Janairu 1941 zuwa Janairu 1945.

Kimanin sojojin Afrika 21,000 ne aka tura daga cikin sojojin zuwa ayyukan soji daban-daban.

Charles de Gaulle ya so ya ba wa mutanen Afirka da suka yi yaƙi don Faransa kyauta tare da lambobin yabo na Cross of Liberation. Cross of Liberation an yi niyya ne ga fitattun jami'an soji da fararen hula waɗanda suka ba da gudummawar 'yantar da Faransa da daularta. De Gaulle ya nemi ya ba da lada ga yawancin sojojin Baƙar fata na Afirka; duk da haka, daga cikin fayiloli 200 na Afirka ta Faransa Kyauta, 15 ne kawai aka sami lada.
 Ababen More Rayuwa 

Matsayin dabarun soja na yankin Free French Africa ya bai wa Free France da kawayenta wata babbar cibiyar tallafi da sadarwa a tsakiyar nahiyar Afirka. Saboda haka ne aka inganta sufuri ta sama da wasu ababen more rayuwa. An gyara ko kuma an gina sabbin filayen jirgin sama guda bakwai, ciki har da filayen jirgin saman Fort-Lamy da Pointe-Noire, waɗanda aka kammala a shekarar 1942. An fara zirga-zirgar jirgin sama daga Brazzaville zuwa Beirut a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1941.

Jiragen sama na rundunar sojan sama ta kawaye na zuwa cikin akwati an kwashe su, sannan a sake haɗa su a RAF Takoradi da ke cikin Gold Coast mallakin Burtaniya, kuma su ratsa Chad, inda suke iya tsayawa a sabon filin jirgin saman Fort Lamy, kafin su isa yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya don ayyukan soja. Jiragen sama dubu ashirin ne suka bi ta ko suka sauka a Afirka; guda 3,000 sun sauka a Fort Lamy a shekarar 1942.

An kuma inganta hanyoyin mota. An gina sababbin hanyoyi da suka kai jimillar kilomita 10,000. Babban fifiko shi ne na soji, zuwa yankunan da ake fafatawa. Wadannan su ne hanyar Douala–Bangui–Jubba, wadda ke haɗa Ethiopia da yankin yakin Gabas ta Afrika; hanyar Bangui–Fort-Lamy, wadda ake iya bi duk lokacin da ake so; da kuma hanyar Fort-Lamy zuwa Faya-Largeau don fagen fama a Libya da kuma yakin hamadar yamma.

 Tattalin Arziki 

An fi kiran yankin French Equatorial Africa da suna "Cinderella" daga cikin mallakan Faransa a Afirka, saboda ba ta da arziki kamar yankin Arewa na Afirka ko French West Africa. Yankuna huɗu da ke cikin wannan shiyya ba su daidai ba dangane da muhimmanci. Chad na da manyan yankuna na jeji da duwatsu, masu amfani da nuni daga fannin soja. Gabon da French Congo na samar da kayan manja da itatuwa. Yawan jama'a ya fi yawa a Ubangi-Shari da Chad. Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Congo–Ocean na samar da hanyan sufuri zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa ta Pointe-Noire.

French Cameroon, wadda ba ta cikin French Equatorial Africa ba, ta haɗu da Free France a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Ita ce ta fi arziki, tana da samarwa iri-iri, ciki har da lemun tsami, koko, itatuwa na manja da wasu albarkatu daban-daban. Yawan jama'arta ma yana da muhimmanci, domin har a shekarar 1936 tana da mutane miliyan 2.4.

Yankunan Free French Africa sun bayar da gagarumar gudunmawar kuɗi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Bayan haraji, sun bayar da lamuni kamar Africa Loan a 1942 da 1943, da kuma taimakon masu gwagwarmaya a 1943. A shekara ta gaba, sun kuma bayar da taimakon kuɗi ga fursunoni da waɗanda aka kora.

An kulla yarjejeniyoyin tattalin arziki tsakanin Burtaniya da Cameroon a ranar 21 ga Janairu 1941, sannan a watan Mayu na shekarar da ta biyo, aka kulla wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Burtaniya da French Equatorial Africa. Wadannan yarjejeniyoyin sun bai wa kasuwanci da harkokin tattalin arziki damar gudana yadda ya kamata, kuma sun taimaka wajen bunƙasa hanyoyin rarrabawa da fitar da kaya, musamman ma na kayayyakin noma kamar kofi, manja, roba, auduga da dabbobi da ma’adanai.

Ko da yake yankunan Free French Africa sun bayar da gagarumar gudunmawar tattalin arziki, yawancin ribar da aka samu 'yan kasuwa da jami’an gwamnati ne suka fi amfana da ita.
 Manazarta 
Rukuni:Tarihin Afirka
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