Mauritius ta Burtaniya

Ƙasar Mauritius ta kasance yankin Crown da ke kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Afirka. Tsohon wani yanki na daular mulkin mallaka na Faransa, mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Mauritius an kafa shi a matsayin gaskiya tare da mamaye tsibirin Isle de Faransa a watan Nuwamba 1810, da de jure ta yarjejeniyar Paris ta gaba. Mulkin Birtaniya ya ƙare a ranar 12 ga watan Maris 1968, lokacin da Mauritius ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta.

 Tarihi 
Isle de France, wacce ta ƙunshi Mauritius da wasu tsibiran sun kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa tun shekara ta 1715. Duk da haka, a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon, duk da nasarar da sojojin ruwa na Faransa suka yi a yakin Grand Port a ranar 20-27 ga watan Agusta 1810, An kama Mauritius a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba 1810 a hannun Burtaniya a ƙarƙashin Commodore Josias Rom. Yarjejeniyar Paris ta tabbatar da mallakar Birtaniyya na tsibirin shekaru huɗu bayan yarjejeniyar Paris a shekara ta 1814. Duk da haka, an kiyaye cibiyoyin Faransa, ciki har da ka'idar Napoleon, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da harshen Faransanci fiye da Ingilishi.

Gwamnatin Burtaniya, tare da Robert Townsend Farquhar a matsayin gwamna na farko, sun kawo sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki cikin sauri. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shi ne kawar da bautar bayi a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 1835. Kimanin masu shukar Franco-Mauritius 3,000 ne suka sami kaso nasu na diyyar da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta bayar na fam miliyan 20 (£20m) don 'yantar da bayi kimanin 20,000, waɗanda aka shigo da su daga Afirka da Madagascar a lokacin mamayar Faransa.  

Mutanen Creole na Mauritius sun gano asalinsu ga masu shuka da kuma bayi waɗanda suke aiki a cikin filayen sukari. Indo-Mauritius sun fito ne daga bakin haure Indiya da suka zo a ƙarni na 19 ta hanyar Aapravasi Ghat don yin aiki a matsayin ’yan kwadago bayan an kawar da Bautar da bayi. A cikin al'ummar Indo-Mauritius akwai Musulmai (kimanin kashi 17% na yawan jama'a) daga yankin Indiya. A cikin shekarar 1885, an gabatar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki. Babban zaɓen Mauritius na shekarar 1886 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin sabon kundin tsarin mulki, amma tare da tsauraran ikon mallakar kadarorin da ya ba da damar kaɗa kuri'a sama da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na al'ummar ƙasar. Manyan Franco-Mauritius sun mallaki kusan dukkanin manyan gidajen sukari kuma suna aiki a kasuwanci da banki. Yayin da al'ummar Indiya suka zama masu rinjaye a lambobi kuma aka tsawaita ikon kaɗa kuri'a, ikon siyasa ya sauya daga Franco-Mauritians da 'yan Creole abokansu zuwa Indo-Mauritians.

Rikici ya taso tsakanin al'ummar Indiya (mafi yawan ma'aikatan rake) da Franco-Mauritians a cikin shekarar 1920s, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da yawa (mafi yawan Indiyawa). Bayan haka, Maurice Curé ya kafa Jam'iyyar Labour ta Mauritius a cikin shekarar 1936 don kiyaye sha'awar ma'aikata. Curé ya ci nasara a shekara guda bayan Emmanuel Anquetil, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami goyon bayan ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa kuma an kai shi gudun hijira zuwa tsibirin Rodrigues a shekarar 1938.  Bayan mutuwarsa, Guy Rozemont ya karɓi jagorancin jam'iyyar. Bayan tarzomar Uba na shekarar 1937 ƙaramar hukumar Biritaniya ta kafa gyare-gyare mai mahimmanci wanda ba a hana ƙungiyoyin kwadago ba, ingantattun hanyoyin sasantawa tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata, da inganta yanayin aiki.   Duk da haka ma har ma tashe-tashen hankula sun sake ɓarkewa a cikin shekarar 1943 wanda aka fi sani da Kisan kiyashin Belle Vue Harel.  

A dai-dai lokacin da ake gab da ayyana samun ‘yancin kai a hukumance da kuma miƙa mulki ga gwamnati mai cin gashin kanta tsibirin ya gamu da tarzoma ta ƙabilanci kamar rikicin ƙabilanci a shekarar 1965 da rikicin ƙabilanci na Mauritius a shekarar 1965, tarzoma a watan Agustan 1967 da tashe tashen hankula na kwanaki goma (Janairu 1968) wanda ya haifar da rikicin ƙabilanci.

 Duba kuma 

 Gwamnonin Mauritius

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 



 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje