Fasil Ghebbi

Fasil Ghebbi (Amharic) wani sansani ne da ke Gondar, Yankin Amhara, Habasha . Emperor Fasilides ne ya kafa shi a karni na 17 kuma gidan Sarakunan Habasha ne. Gine-ginensa na musamman yana nuna tasiri daban-daban ciki har da halaye na Portuguese, Hindu, da Larabawa. Saboda muhimmancin tarihi da gine-ginensa, an sanya sansanin a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO a shekarar 1979.  Ghebbi kalma ce ta Amharic don fili ko shinge.

Ginin gine-ginen ya hada da gidan sarauta na Fasilides, fadar Iyasu na, Dawit III's Hall, fadar Empress Mentewab, Ofishin Jakadancin da ɗakin karatu daga Yohannes I, zauren biki daga sarki Bakaffa, dakuna, da majami'u uku: Asasame Qeddus Mikael, Elfign Giyorgis da Gemjabet Mariyam . "Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the fortress-city of Fasil Ghebbi was the residence of the Ethiopian emperor Fasilides and his successors. Surrounded by a 900-m-long wall, the city contains palaces, churches, monasteries and unique public and private buildings marked by Hindu and Arab influences, subsequently transformed by the Baroque style brought to Gondar by the Jesuit missionaries.

 Tarihi 
Asalin Fasil Ghebbi ya riga ya wuce tsohuwar al'adar sarakunan Habasha da ke tafiya a kusa da dukiyarsu, suna rayuwa daga kayan manoma da zama a cikin alfarwa. Da yake nuna wannan alaƙa, ana kiran wannan yanki a matsayin katama (" sansani" ko "ƙauye mai ƙarfi") ko makkababya, sunan da aka yi amfani da shi ga sansanin sarki a cikin Royal Chronicle of Baeda Maryam . [1] Sarkin sarakuna Fasilides ya karya wannan al'adar ci gaba a cikin yankuna, kuma ya kafa birnin Gondar a matsayin babban birninsa; dangi na dangi ya sa birnin ya zama muhimmiyar tarihi. A cikin babban birnin, Fasilides ya ba da umarnin gina wani gini mai ban sha'awa, Fasil Ghebbi ko Fasilides castle. Sarakuna na gaba kamar su Yohannes I, Iyasu na da Dawit III sun gina nasu gine-gine a cikin wannan masarautar, suna fadada shinge sosai. Gine-ginen sun kasance na launin ruwan kasa tare da kayan ado na ruwan inabi na gida. Gidajen sarauta suna da kamannin kagara kuma galibi ana kyawanta su da zane-zane da rubuce-rubucen haske, waɗanda galibi ana yin su ne don majami'u da manyan mutane.

A cewar jakadan Yemen, Hassan ibn Ahmad al-Haymi wanda ya ziyarci fadar a shekara ta 1648 lokacin da yake da 'yan shekaru kawai, masanin gine-ginen da ke bayan ginin Fasilides dan Indiya ne mai suna Abdal Kerim wanda a baya ya yi aiki a fadar Sarkin sarakuna Susenyos I a Danqaz .  Royal Chronicles ya ba da rahoton cewa gine-ginen Yohannes I da Iyasu na ne inda wani masanin gine-ginin Habasha mai suna Walda Giyorgis ya gina, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "mai iyawa, mai basira, kuma mai suna mai kyau. "  Ayyukan hannu sun fi dacewa da Yahudawa na Habasha (Beta Isra'ila), musamman dangin Kayla waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin masons, masu ƙera ƙarfe da masassaƙa, ayyukan da jama'a suka gani a cikin ƙarancin suna.

Al-Haymi, wanda ya yi sha'awar fadar, ya bayyana shi a matsayin babban gidan dutse da lime kuma "ɗaya daga cikin gine-gine masu ban mamaki, wanda ya cancanci sha'awa, kuma mafi kyawun abubuwan al'ajabi. " Gidan sarauta ya zama gidan sarauta, Armeniya a cikin hidimar mulkin mallaka ta Habasha Khoja Murad, ya ziyarci fadar sarki a cikin 1696 kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa aƙalla yara 80 ne na sarauta waɗanda "sun yi tafiya a kusa da yara 80 ba tare da nuna bambanci ba".  Da yake ziyartar Fasil Ghebbi a ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Thomas Pakenham ya lura cewa "dotted tsakanin manyan gidajen sarauta ne abin da ya rage na pavilions da kiosks na birnin daular".

Yawancin gine-gine a Fasil Ghebbi ba su tsira daga abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin ba, amma har yanzu wurin yana da wadataccen gine-ginen da masu mulkin Italiya suka gyara a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 da kuma bayan Habasha ta sake samun 'yancin kai. UNESCO ta ayyana shafin a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a shekarar 1979, wanda ya bayyana a cikin shawarar da ya yanke cewa yana wakiltar wayewar Habasha ta zamani a arewacin Tafkin Tana wanda ya bayyana ne a farkon karni na 17 kuma ya rinjayi gine-ginen Habasha na shekaru da yawa. Fasil Ghebbi kuma ya haɗa da Fasilides Baths, wani  wanda kuma aka danganta shi ga Sarkin sarakuna Fasilides, da kuma  [am] na Empress Mentewab a Kuskam, wanda aka dauke shi daya daga cikin mahimman wuraren yawon bude ido a kasar.

 Bayyanawa 
Fasil Ghebbi ya rufe yanki na kimanin  mita 70,000 (750,000 murabba'i . A kudancinsa akwai Adababay, kasuwar birnin Gondar, inda aka yi shelar mulkin mallaka, aka gabatar da sojoji, kuma aka kashe masu laifi; a halin yanzu wurin shakatawa ne na gari.

Dawit's Hall yana cikin arewacin ɓangaren, kusa da ginin da aka danganta ga Bakaffa da cocin Asasame Qeddus Mikael . Sau da yawa ana kiranta "House of Song", Stuart Munro-Hay ya lura cewa wannan na iya zama saboda kuskuren karantawa na Amharic zofan bet ("House of the Divan" ko "House and the Throne") kamar zafan bet ("Gidan Song"). Munro-Hay ya bayyana shi a matsayin "babban gini mai hawa ɗaya tare da hasumiya mai zagaye a kusurwar kudu maso gabas", tare da alamun ƙaramin hasumiya a kusurwoyin arewa maso gabas da alamun hasumiya na murabba'i a kusurlar arewa maso yamma "wanda ya rushe. " Cikin ginin yana da zauren daya, wanda "fensho da ƙofofi na yau da kullun sun ba da haske da damar". Ya zuwa 2002, Dawit's Hall ba shi da rufi.

Fasil Ghebbi an kewaye shi da bango mai tsawon mita 900 (mita 3,000) wanda ƙofofi goma sha biyu suka soke shi. Wadannan su ne, a cikin tsari na gaba: Fit Ber (wanda ake kira Jan Tekle Ber) yana buɗewa zuwa Adababay; Wember Ber (Kofar Alƙalai); Tazkaro Ber (Kadar Tunawa), wanda ke da gada da aka lalata ta hanyar fada a lokacin mulkin Iyasu II; Azaj Tequre Ber (Kamar Azaj Teckure), wanda aka haɗa shi da gada zuwa Adabab Beryyyy Gwarwarwar (Kamarar) zuwa Ikklisiyaryaryaryar Gwarwaryaryaryar Ber), wanda aka sani da ita ga Ikklisiyanciyar Gwaryaryar Gwagwarwarwarwar Gwarwar Gjarjarjarjar (Kwargwargwar Gwargwar

 Hotuna 

 Bayanan da aka ambata