Tsayawa mara kyau

Tsayawa mara kyau shine tsare mutum inda babu yiwuwar ko shaida cewa sun aikata Laifi a kan dokar doka, ko kuma wanda ba a yi wani tsari na doka ba. Ba ya buƙatar kamawa mutum don a tsare shi ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ana iya tsare mutane da gangan ko ba bisa ka'ida ba idan ba a yarda su bar takamaiman iko ba (wani nau'in haramcin tafiye-tafiye da aka sani da haramcin fita)  ko kuma idan an hana su tafiya zuwa ko daga takamaiman yanki ko yanki.  

 Bambanci tsakanin masu garkuwa da kurkuku na ƙarya 
Mutumin da aka tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba shine wanda gwamnati ko ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na jihar ke riƙewa, sau da yawa a kan dalilan shari'a masu tambaya, ba tare da kyakkyawar niyyar amfani da su a matsayin tasiri don tilasta wani ɓangare ya yi aiki ba.Roach, Kent. "International and Comparative Law on Compensating Miscarriages of Justice: From Proven Innocence to Wrongful Detention". Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. 62: 721–812. mai garkuwa yawanci wani ne da aka kama kuma aka tsare shi ba tare da son zuciyarsu ba don matsawa wani na uku ya dauki takamaiman matakai.

kurkuku na Ƙarya yana nufin halin da ake ciki inda hukuma ta gwamnati ke riƙe da wani ba tare da hujja ta doka ba, sau da yawa a cikin tsarin da gwamnati ke sarrafawa kamar ofishin 'yan sanda ko kurkuku.Roach, Kent. "International and Comparative Law on Compensating Miscarriages of Justice: From Proven Innocence to Wrongful Detention". Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. 62: 721–812. Tsayar da ba daidai ba shine kalmar doka mai zurfi wanda ya ƙunshi duk wani hanawa ba bisa ka'ida ba na motsi na mutum inda mai tsare shi ƙungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke aiki ba tare da ikon da ya dace ba."HOSTAGE & WRONGFUL DETAINEE CRITERIA". James W. Foley Legacy Foundation.

 Dokar kasa da kasa 
An haramta hana mutum 'yanci a karkashin dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya.Roach, Kent. "International and Comparative Law on Compensating Miscarriages of Justice: From Proven Innocence to Wrongful Detention". Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. 62: 721–812. Mataki na 9 na Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta 1948 ya ba da umarnin cewa "babu wanda za a yi masa shari'a, tsare ko gudun hijira",  wato, babu wani mutum, ba tare da la'akari da yanayi ba, wanda za a hana shi' yancin su ba tare da ya fara aikata ainihin laifi game da dokar doka ba, kuma gwamnati ba za ta iya hana mutum 'yancin su ba ba tare da tsarin doka ba. Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa ta ƙayyade kariya daga tsare-tsare ta Mataki na 9.

 Dokoki da ka'idoji ta ƙasa 

 Ostiraliya 
A cikin 2024, an gabatar da bincike na majalisa dattijai da rahoto game da tsare-tsaren da ba daidai ba na 'yan ƙasar Australiya a kasashen waje a majalisa. Rahoton ya ba da shawarar karɓar bayyane ma'anar tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba, da aiwatar da doka don ba gwamnati damar amsawa ga tsare-tsaren da ba bisa ka-tsare, da kuma kafa Wakilin Musamman ga 'yan Australia da aka tsare ba bisa ka ga kuskure.

 Kanada 
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, an kafa nadin Babban Jami'in Harkokin Gadi (SOHA) don jagorantar martani na Harkokin Duniya na Kanada ga abubuwan da suka faru na garkuwa da mutane da tsare-tsare na 'yan ƙasar Kanada a kasashen waje. Sunan SOHA yana ba da damar Kanada ta kasance da hannu sosai tare da jami'ai masu irin wannan umarni a wasu gwamnatoci.

 Amurka 
Ƙungiyoyin ba da agaji na Amurka da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna ba da shawara ga 'yan ƙasar Amurka da sauran mutanen da aka tsare su ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma aka yi garkuwa da su a kasashen waje, gami da Gidauniyar James W. Foley Legacy Foundation,  Bring Our Families Home, da Hostage US.

 Dokar Robert Levinson da aka yi garkuwa da shi (Dokar Levinson) 2020 
Dangane da bacewar Robert Levinson, a cikin 2014 shugaban kasar Barack Obama ya ba da umarnin sake dubawa game da manufofin Amurka game mai garkuwa. Bayan kammala wannan bita a cikin 2015, ya ba da Dokar Zartarwa 13698 (EO 13698)  da Dokar Manufofin Shugaban kasa 30 (PPD-30).  Wadannan ayyukan sun kafa SPEHA, HRFC, da kuma Hostage Response Group (HRG). Wadannan kungiyoyi an ba su aiki tare da daidaita sakin 'yan asalin Amurka waɗanda aka tsare su ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma aka yi garkuwa da su, tallafa wa iyalan wadanda aka azabtar, da kuma inganta bukatun tsaron kasa na Amurka.

An gabatar da Dokar Levinson a cikin 2019, kuma ta zama doka a cikin 2020 a matsayin 22 USC § 1741.  Dokar ta kafa tsari don tantance abin da ya ƙunshi "ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma ba bisa ka'ina ba", ta tsara kafa SPEHA, HRFC da HRG, kuma ta haifar da yiwuwar takunkumi ga mutane ko gwamnatocin kasashen waje waɗanda aka gano su tsare 'Yan ƙasar Amurka ba bisa ka-ida ba ko shiga cikin garkuwa.

 Ranar Masu Garkuwa da Amurka da Masu Gida ba daidai ba 
alt=US Hostages and wrongful detainees flag|thumb|Masu garkuwa da Amurka da Masu Gidan Gida da ba daidai ba
Ranar Masu Garkuwa da Masu Rashin Hakki ta Amurka hutu ne na tarayya wanda aka kirkira a 2023 tare da wucewar Dokar Ranar Masu Gidan Jakadi da Masu Ranar. Ana yin hutun ne a ranar 9 ga watan Maris na kowace shekara. Baya ga sanya sunan hutun tarayya, Dokar ta kuma sanya kuma ta sanya tutar da aka amince da ita ta tarayya ta Amurka da kuma Masu Gida da ba su dace ba.   An tsara tutar ne don kamfen ɗin Bring Our Families Home ta Jami'ar Oregon farfesa David Ewald, tare da haɗin gwiwar dangin Amurka da aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma wadanda aka tsare a farkon shekarun 2020.  An gudanar da ranar farko ta Amurka da aka yi garkuwa da mutane da kuma wadanda ba su dace ba a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2024 kuma an yi alama da bikin ɗaga tutar a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2024, a kan matakai na hedkwatar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a Washington DC.


 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba