Aapravasi Ghat

Aapravasi Ghat ("Ma'ajiyar Shige da Fice") wani katafaren gini ne da ke Port Louis, Mauritius, na 'yan  mulkin mallaka na farko na Birtaniyya don karɓar ma'aikata, ko kwangila, daga ƙasashe da yawa.  Daga shekarun 1849 zuwa 1923, ma'aikatan Indiya rabin miliyan sun wuce ta wurin ajiyar shige da fice, don jigilar su zuwa gonaki a cikin daular Burtaniya. Babban ƙaura na ma'aikatan ya bar alamar da ba za a taɓa mantawa da ita ba a cikin al'ummomin tsoffin ƙasashen Biritaniya, tare da Indiyawan da ke zama wani kaso mai tsoka na al'ummar ƙasarsu.  A Mauritius kaɗai, kashi 68 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a na yanzu sun fito ne daga zuriyar Indiya. Ta haka ma'ajiyar shige da fice ta zama muhimmin batu a cikin tarihi da al'adun Mauritius.  
Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da ba a bincika ba a tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 yana nufin cewa ragowar gine-ginen dutse uku ne kawai suka tsira.  Waɗannan yanzu ana kiyaye su azaman abin tunawa na ƙasa, ƙarƙashin dokar gadon ƙasar Mauritian.  Matsayin Depot na Shige da Fice a cikin tarihin zamantakewa ya sami karɓuwa daga UNESCO lokacin da aka ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a shekara ta 2006.  Shafin yana ƙarƙashin kulawar Asusun Amincewar Aapravasi Ghat. Ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa don maido da gurɓatattun gine-ginen zuwa jiharsu ta 1860.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin Rukunan Tarihi na Duniya guda biyu a Mauritius, tare da Le Morne Brabant.

 Asalin kalmar 
Kalmar ghat an bayyana ta da yawa Dravidian etymons kamar Kannada gatta (tsawon tsaunuka) Tamil kattu (gefen dutse, dam, ridge, causeway) da Telugu katta da gattu (dam, embankment). 

Ghat, kalmar da ake amfani da ita a cikin yankin Indiya, ya danganta da mahallin ko dai yana iya komawa zuwa tsaunuka masu tsayi kamar Gabas Ghats da Western Ghats; ko jerin matakan da ke kaiwa ga ruwa ko ruwa, irin wannan wanka ko wurin konawa tare da gaɓar kogi ko tafki, Ghats a Varanasi, Dhoby Ghaut ko Aapravasi Ghat.   Ana kiran hanyoyin da ke bi ta hanyar Ghat Roads.Sunithi L. Narayan, Revathy Nagaswami, 1992, Discover sublime India: handbook for tourists, Page 5.Ghat definition, Cambridge dictionary.

 Suna 
Sunan Aapravasi Ghat, wanda ake amfani da shi tun a shekarar 1987, fassarar Hindi ce kai tsaye ta "Depot Depot". "ICOMOS Evaluation of Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Nomination" (PDF). World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 September 2009. Aapravasi ita ce kalmar Hindi don "baƙi", yayin da ghat a zahiri yana nufin "hankali" — a zahiri yana nuna matsayin tsarin tsakanin ƙasa da teku, kuma a alamance alama ce ta canji tsakanin tsohuwar rayuwa da sabuwar ga baƙi masu shigowa.  Idan aka kwatanta da aikinta a matsayin tasha rami ga ma'aikatan shuka masu zuwa, wanda ake kira coolies, ma'ajiyar shige da fice kuma an san tsohon suna, 'Coolie Ghat'. Torabully, Khal (2 November 2007). "Coolitude and the symbolism of the Aapravasi ghat". Retrieved 10 September 2009. Bunwaree, V. K. (2 November 2008). "Speech By Hon. V. K. Bunwaree, Minister of Education, Culture & Human Resources: 174th Anniversary of Arrival of Indentured Labourers 2nd November2008". Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 11 September 2009.

Fitaccen amfani da yaren Hindi a cikin tarurrukan sanya suna na Mauritius ya dogara ne akan yanayin zamantakewa da ƙabilu; fiye da rabin yawan al'ummar ƙasar asalin asalin Indiya ne, "ICOMOS Evaluation of Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Nomination" (PDF). World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 September 2009. sakamakon kai tsaye na ƴan ƙwadago na Indiya waɗanda suka ratsa ta wurin ajiyar shige da fice. A cikin Bihar da Uttar Pradesh, daga inda akasarin waɗannan Ma'aikatan Indiya suka kawo "Ghat" zuwa Bankin Kogin da ake amfani da shi don Docking na Boats.

 Wuri 
An gina Depot na Shige da Fice ne a gefen gabas da matsuguni na Trou Fanfaron a Port Louis, babban birnin Mauritius. Rukunin tarihin a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi ragowar gine-ginen dutse guda uku tun daga shekarun 1860, waɗanda aka gina akan wurin wurin ajiyar farko. Ya ƙunshi ƙofar shiga da shingen asibiti, ragowar rumfunan shige da fice, da wuraren zama na sabis. "ICOMOS Evaluation of Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Nomination" (PDF). World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 September 2009.

Mayar da filayen da aka yi a baya sakamakon ci gaban birane ya sa wurin da Depot na shige da fice ya koma cikin ƙasa. Kogin Caudan Waterfront, marina da aka haɓaka a matsayin cibiyar tattalin arziki da yawon buɗe ido, tana bayan wurin.

 Tarihi 

 Fage 
Wurin da ginin yake, Trou Fanfaron, shine wurin saukowa na Kamfanin Faransa Gabashin Indiya, wanda ya mallaki Mauritius a shekarar 1721.  An shigo da bayi daga Afirka, Indiya da Madagascar don gina katangar tsaro da asibiti a lokacin farkon matakin. "ICOMOS Evaluation of Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Nomination" (PDF). World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 September 2009. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 18, an bunƙasa noman sukari a tsibirin Mauritius, ana amfani da aikin bayi. 

A cikin shekarar 1810, a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleonic, Mauritius ta wuce zuwa ikon Birtaniyya, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin yarjejeniyar Paris,  a lokacin da Daular Burtaniya ke faɗaɗa tasirinta a yankin Tekun Indiya. Sha'awar kasuwanci ta Burtaniya ta haifar da haɓakar samar da sukari, wanda ya zama mafi mahimmancin kayayyaki a cikin kasuwancin Turai tun daga tsakiyar ƙarni na 18  a cikin daular gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa ga Port Louis a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa na musamman.
Kawar da bautar da aka yi a ƙasashen Turai a shekarar 1834, duk da haka, ya haifar da matsala ga noman sukari saboda ayyukansu sun dogara sosai kan aikin bayi. "ICOMOS Evaluation of Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Nomination" (PDF). World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 September 2009.  Akwai buƙatar a samu rahusa ma'aikata, domin a yanzu 'yantattun bayi suna tattaunawa akan ƙarin albashi da ingantacciyar rayuwa.  Sakamakon haka, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi tunanin wani shiri na maye gurbin 'yan Afirka da aka 'yanta da ma'aikata daga wasu sassan duniya. Tashin farko na sabbin ma'aikatan shuka sun kasance ma'aikata daga tsibirin Madeira na Portugal, sun 'yantar da 'yan Afirka daga Amurka da matalauta Sinawa masu neman kiwo.  Duk da cewa ƙabilu na ma'aikatan shuka ya canza, rashin yanayin aiki da ƙarancin rayuwa sun kasance. Waɗannan ma'aikata, a ƙarshe, ba za su iya jure wa tushen manioc da noman abinci ba.

A lokacin, Indiya ta kasance tana fuskantar taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki. Wannan ya kara tsanantawa da Tawayen Indiya na 1857 wanda ya lalata yankin arewacin yankin. "Indendutred Systems of labour Migration". ORIGINS : Creative Tracks of Indian Diaspora. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 11 September 2009.  Indiyawan masu aiki tuƙuru amma marasa galihu kamar sun dace da aikin noma a kan gonaki, suna iya yin aiki tuƙuru don ƙarancin albashi, Deerpalsingh, Saloni. "An Overview of Indentured Labour Immigration in Mauritius". Global People of Indian Origin (GOPIO) Souvenir Magazine, July 2007. Archived from the original on 2013-08-04. Retrieved 11 September 2009.  yana ba da babbar hanyar samar da arha aiki. “Great Experiment”, kamar yadda aka san shirin, ya yi kira ga ma’aikatan da za su yi aiki, a ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙwadago, da a kai su gonaki a duk faɗin daular, don samar da isasshen ƙarfin aikin gona. Wannan shi ne tsarin da ma'aikatan da ke son yin aiki suka amince su yi aiki na wani ƙayyadadden lokaci don mayar da kuɗin  tafiya, masauki na asali da kuma ƙaramin albashi.  

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba