Allal al-Fassi

Muhammad Allal al-Fassi (Janairu 10, 1910 - Mayu 13, 1974) ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Morocco,  ɗan siyasa, marubuci, mawaƙi, Pan-Arabist  kuma malamin addinin musulunci. Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale Research Inc, Edition: 2, Published by Gale Research, 1998, , p. 167

 Rayuwar farko da gudun hijira 
An haife shi a Fes kuma yayi karatu a jami'ar al-Qarawiyyin.   Ya fito ne daga fitaccen .  Mahaifinsa, Abd al-Wahid, alkali ne (Qadi)  da kuma baffansa Abdallah Al-Fassi (1871-1930) wanda ke kula da iliminsa. Shekaru da yawa, farfesa kuma mashawarcinsa shine Abdeslam Serghini. Ya fara harkokin siyasarsa na adawa da Faransa tun a shekarar 1926, nan da nan bayan ya shiga Jami'ar Al-Qarawiyyin, wanda hakan zai sa a kore shi daga jami'a a shekarar 1927, da kuma kore shi daga birnin Fes da turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka yanke na tsare shi a Taza. Ya kammala karatunsa a Zawiya Nassiriya, Zawiya a tarihi an santa da karfin hankali da kiyayya ga mamayar da Turawa suka yi wa Maroko.

A cikin shekarar 1931, an ba shi izinin komawa Fes, kuma ya sake ɗauko tada hankalinsa na siyasa a cikin birni, ya fara kamfen da ba da jawabai na kishin ƙasa waɗanda suka taru da nasara da motsin rai a tsakanin talakawan da ke sha'awar balaga. Wannan ya sa Faransawa suka sake yin hijira a cikin shekarar 1933, a wannan karon zuwa Geneva inda ya gana da shugaban siyasar Lebanon Shakib Arslan, kuma zai taimaka masa a cikin ayyukansa na tarihi a yankin Maghreb. Arslan, ya riga ya tuntuɓar matasa masu kishin ƙasa na Moroko a Switzerland irin su PM nan gaba Ahmed Balafrej, ya ba shi shawara a cikin ƙungiyoyin siyasa, kuma ya gabatar da shi ga abokan hulɗar siyasa da yawa, kuma ya bayyana sunansa a cikin labaransa na jarida da wasiku daban-daban. Allal ya dawo Morocco a shekara ta 1934, kuma ya kafa kungiyar kutlat al-'amal al-watani , Comité d'Action Marocaine (CAM) da ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta farko da Moroccan ta jagoranta a cikin shekarar 1936, kuma a cikin watan Disamba na waccan shekarar a hukumance sun shigar da ƙarar Faransa 'yar Mallakar Mulki a Rabat suna buƙatar sauye-sauye da dama. Wannan ya sa mahukuntan Faransa suka yanke shawarar wargaza tare da tsananta wa mambobin kungiyarsa ta siyasa, kuma a shekarar 1937, suka mayar da shi gudun hijira zuwa wani ƙaramin gari na Port-Gentil a Gabon inda zai ci gaba da zama na tsawon shekaru tara masu zuwa har zuwa shekara ta 1946, yana samun bayanai kaɗan game da al'amuran ƙasashen waje a wannan lokacin. 

Yayin da yake gudun hijira, an sake kiran CAM a cikin shekarar 1944 a matsayin jam'iyyar Istiqlal, wadda ta zama jam'iyyar kishin ƙasa  da kuma motsa jiki bayan Sojojin Moroccan na Liberation (Jaysh al-Tahrir).

 Jam'iyyar Istiklal da bayan samun 'yancin kai 
Ya rabu da jam’iyyar a tsakiyar shekarun 1950, inda ya yi hannun riga da masu neman sauyi da makami da ‘yan tawayen birane waɗanda suka yi kamfen na nuna adawa da mulkin Faransa, yayin da mafi yawan masu kishin ƙasa suka gwammace hanyar diflomasiyya. A cikin shekarar 1956, yayin da Morocco ta sami 'yancin kai, ya sake shiga jam'iyyar, kuma ya gabatar da ƙararsa na kwato yankunan da suka taɓa zama Moroko a cikin jaridar al-Alam. A shekarar 1959, bayan jam'iyyar UNFP ta hagu ta ɓalle daga Istiqlal, ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar. 

A shekara ta 1962, ya zama ministan harkokin addinin musulunci na ƙasar Maroko a takaice. An zaɓe shi ɗan majalisar dokokin ƙasar Maroko a shekarar 1963, kuma ya yi aiki a can a matsayin mataimakin Istiqlal. Daga nan ya zama babban jigo a cikin jam’iyyun adawa a shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970, inda ya yi kamfen ɗin adawa da sauye-sauyen tsarin mulkin Sarki Hassan na biyu da ya kawo karshen gwamnatin ‘yan majalisa. Ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu 1974, a ziyarar da ya kai Romania inda aka shirya zai gana da Nicolae Ceaușescu. 

 Adabi 
A cikin shekarar 1925 Al-Fassi ya wallafa littafinsa na farko na wakoki. A cikin shekarar 1954 aka buga littafinsa mai suna The Independence Movements in Arab North Africa, fassarar wani littafi da ya rubuta da Larabci a shekarar 1948.

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
'Ya'yan Allal al-Fassi biyu sun auri jiga-jigan 'yan siyasar Morocco; Tsohon Firayim Minista kuma tsohon sakataren jam'iyyar Istiqlal Abbas El Fassi, da Mohamed El Ouafa tsohon minista kuma ɗan adawa a cikin jam'iyyar.

 Duba kuma 

 Allal al Fassi Dam
 Mohammed al-Mukhtar Susi

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910