Zobba na Saturn

Saturn yana da tsarin zobe mafi girma da rikitarwa na kowane duniyar da ke cikin Tsarin hasken rana. Zobba sun kunshi barbashi a cikin kewaye da duniyar da aka yi kusan gaba ɗaya daga kankara na ruwa, tare da wani sashi na kayan dutse. Yankunan suna daga micrometers zuwa mita a girman. Babu wata yarjejeniya game da abin da ya sauƙaƙa kafa su: yayin da bincike ta amfani da samfuran ka'idoji ya ba da shawarar cewa an kafa su da wuri a cikin wanzuwar Tsarin Hasken rana, sabbin bayanai daga Cassini sun nuna kwanan nan na kafawa. A watan Satumbar 2023, masu binciken taurari sun ba da rahoton binciken da ke nuna cewa zoben Saturn na iya haifar da haɗuwa da watanni biyu "shekaru ɗari da suka gabata". 

Kodayake hasken da aka nuna daga zobba yana ƙara hasken Saturn, ba a iya ganinsu daga Duniya da ido ba. A cikin shekara ta 1610, shekara bayan binciken farko na Galileo Galilei tare da na'urar daukar hoto, ya zama mutum na farko da ya lura da zoben Saturn, kodayake bai iya ganin su sosai ba don gane ainihin yanayin su. A shekara ta 1655, Christiaan Huygens shine mutum na farko da ya bayyana su a matsayin faifan da ke kewaye da Saturn. Ma'anar cewa zoben Saturn sun ƙunshi jerin ƙananan zobba za a iya gano su zuwa Pierre-Simon Laplace,  kodayake gibin gaskiya kaɗan ne - ya fi dacewa a yi tunanin zoben a matsayin faifan da ke da ma'ana tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin gida da mafi ƙaranci a cikin yawa da haske. 

Zobba suna da gibin da yawa inda yawan ƙwayoyin ke sauka sosai: biyu sun buɗe ta sanannun watanni da aka saka a cikinsu, da sauransu da yawa a wuraren da aka sani da rikice-rikice na orbital tare da watanni na Saturn. Sauran gibin sun kasance ba a bayyana su ba. Daidaitawa, a gefe guda, suna da alhakin tsawon rayuwar zobba da yawa, kamar Titan Ringlet da G Ring. Fiye da manyan zobba shine zoben Phoebe, wanda ake zaton ya samo asali ne daga Phoebe kuma ta haka ne ya raba motsi na baya. Ya dace da jirgin saman Saturn. Saturn yana da juzu'i na digiri 27, don haka wannan zobe yana juzu'a a kusurwar digiri 27 zuwa mafi yawan zobe da ke kewaye da ma'aunin Saturn.

 Tarihi 

 Abubuwan da aka gani na farko 
Galileo Galilei shine na farko da ya lura da zoben Saturn a cikin 1610 ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoto, amma bai iya gano su kamar haka ba. Ya rubuta wa Duke na Tuscany cewa "Duniya Saturn ba ita kaɗai ba ce, amma ta ƙunshi uku, waɗanda kusan su taɓa juna kuma ba sa motsawa ko canzawa dangane da juna. An shirya su a cikin layin da ke layi ɗaya da zodiac, kuma tsakiya (Saturn kanta) kusan sau uku ne girman waɗanda ke gefen".  Ya kuma bayyana zobba a matsayin "kunnuwan" na Saturn. A cikin 1612 Duniya ta wuce ta cikin jirgin zobba kuma sun zama marasa ganuwa. Mystified, Galileo ya ce "Ban san abin da zan ce a cikin wani lamari mai ban mamaki ba, wanda ba a kula da shi ba kuma haka labari. "  Ya yi tunani, "Shin Saturn ya haɗiye 'ya'yansa?" - yana nufin tatsuniyar Titan Saturn yana cinye 'ya-ya'yansa don hana annabcin su da ke hambarar da shi. Ya kara rikicewa lokacin da zoben ya sake bayyana a cikin shekara ta 1613.Baalke, Ron (1999-04-29). "Historical Background of Saturn's Rings". Saturn Ring Plane Crossings of 1995–1996. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-03-21. Retrieved 2007-05-23.

Masana binciken taurari na farko sun yi amfani da Anagrams a matsayin wani nau'i na makircin sadaukarwa don yin ikirarin sabbin abubuwan da aka gano kafin sakamakon su kasance a shirye don bugawa. Galileo ya yi amfani da anagram "smaismrmil­mepoeta­leumibu­nenugt­tauiras" don Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi ("Na lura da duniyar da ta fi nesa da samun nau'i uku") don gano zoben Saturn  

A shekara ta 1657 Christopher Wren ya zama Farfesa na Astronomy a Kwalejin Gresham, London. Ya kasance yana yin lura da duniyar Saturn daga kusan shekara ta 1652 tare da manufar bayyana bayyanarsa. An rubuta ra'ayinsa a cikin De corpore saturni, inda ya kusa nuna cewa duniyar tana da zobe. Koyaya, Wren bai tabbata ba ko zobe ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga duniyar, ko kuma yana haɗe da shi. Kafin a buga ra'ayin Wren Christiaan Huygens ya gabatar da ra'ayinsa game da zoben Saturn. Nan da nan Wren ya gane wannan a matsayin mafi kyawun ra'ayi fiye da nasa kuma De corpore saturni ba a taɓa buga shi ba. Robert Hooke wani ne na farko mai lura da zoben Saturn, kuma ya lura da jefa inuwa a kan zoben.

 Tunanin zoben Huygens da abubuwan da suka faru daga baya 
Christiaan Huygens ya fara niƙa ruwan tabarau tare da mahaifinsa Constantijn Huygens a cikin 1655 kuma ya sami damar lura da Saturn tare da cikakkun bayanai ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoto mai ƙarfi 43x wanda ya tsara kansa. Shi ne na farko da ya ba da shawarar cewa Saturn ya kewaye da zobe da aka raba daga duniyar, kuma ya shahara ya buga wasikar "aaaaaaa­ccc­deeeeeg­hiiiiiii­llllmm­nnnnn­oooopp­qrrs­tttuuuuu". Shekaru uku bayan haka, ya bayyana cewa yana nufin Annulo cingitur, tenui, plano, nusquam coherente, ad eclipticam inclinato ("[Saturn] yana kewaye da wani m, m, zobe, babu inda ya taɓa [jiki na duniya], inclined to the ecliptic").    Ya buga ra'ayinsa na zobe a cikin Systema Saturnium (1659) wanda ya hada da bincikensa na wata na Saturn, Titan, da kuma bayanin farko na girman Tsarin hasken rana.
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