Kamfanin Habeas

Kamfanin Habeas (/ ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔːrpəs/ ⓘ)from Medieval Latin, lit. 'you should have the body' "habeas corpus". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 April 2015. hanya ce ta shari'a da ke neman ikon kotu don sake duba tsarewar da aka yi ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma daure mutum ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma neman mai kula da mutum (yawanci jami'in gidan yari) ya gabatar da fursunonin kotu, don sanin ko tsare su ya kasance bisa doka.

Habeas corpus gabaɗaya ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar rubutu, kuma akan haka ake kira da rubutun habeas corpus. Rubutun habeas corpus yana daya daga cikin abin da ake kira "extraordinary", "dokar gama gari" ko "prerogative writs", wanda a tarihi kotunan Ingila suka fitar da sunan sarki don kula da kananan kotuna da hukumomin gwamnati a cikin masarautar. Rubutun wata hanya ce ta doka wacce ta ba da damar kotu ta yi amfani da hurumi da kuma ba da tabbacin haƙƙin duk abin da ya shafi sarauta game da kamawa da tsare shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.Rogge, O. John; Gordon, Murray A. (1953). "Habeas Corpus, Civil Rights, and the Federal System". The University of Chicago Law Review. 20 (3): 509. doi:10.2307/1597668. JSTOR 1597668. A dokar gama gari nauyin yakan kasance akan jami'in don tabbatar da cewa an ba da izinin tsare shi.Freedman, Eric M (January 2011). "Dimension I: Habeas Corpus as a Common Law Writ". Harvard Civil Rights. 46: 591.

Habeas corpus yana da wasu iyakoki. A wasu ƙasashe, an dakatar da rubutun na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin bisa ga yaƙi ko dokar ta-baci, misali tare da Dokar dakatar da Habeas Corpus 1794 a Biritaniya, da Dokar dakatar da Habeas Corpus (1863) a Amurka. Duk da haka, an daɗe ana bikin 'yancin yin koke don rubuta habeas corpus a matsayin babban tushen kiyaye 'yancin ɗan adam.

 Ilimin kasa 
Maganar ta fito daga Latin habeās, mutum na biyu maɗaukaki na yanzu mai aiki na habēre "don samu", "a riƙe"; da kuma corpus, zargin mufuradi na corpus "jiki". Dangane da mutum fiye da ɗaya, kalmar habeas corpora ce.habeas corpus". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 17 February 2013.

 Tarihi 
William Blackstone ya siffanta rubutun habeas corpus a karni na sha takwas a matsayin "rubutu mai girma kuma mai inganci a cikin kowane nau'i na tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba". Har wa yau, har yanzu ana kiranta da “Babban Rubutun ‘Yanci” a duk faɗin duniya.Freedman, Eric M. (2001). Habeas Corpus: Rethinking the Great Writ of Liberty. New York: New York University Press. p. 1. ISBN 9780814728369. Retrieved 9 May 2025.

 Asalin a Ingila 
Asalin Habeas corpus ya samo asali ne daga Assize na Clarendon na 1166, maido da hakki a lokacin mulkin Henry II na Ingila a karni na 12. Tushen tushen habeas corpus "an yi kuskuren tunanin" ya samo asali ne daga Magna Carta na 1215 amma a gaskiya ya riga ya kasance. Wannan yarjejeniya ta bayyana cewa:

Ba za a ɗaure ko ɗaure shi ba, ko a kwace shi daga hannun ‘Yancinsa, ko ’Yancinsa, ko Kwastam na ‘yanci, ko a haramta masa doka, ko gudun hijira, ko kuma a halaka duk wani mai hikima; Kuma bã zã Mu ƙõne shi ba, kuma bã zã Mu la'ane shi ba, fãce da hukuncin halalcin tãrensa, kõ kuma da hukuncin ƙasa.

 Ƙasashen Duniya 
Sashe na 9 na shelar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya ta bayyana cewa “Ba za a yi wa kowa kamawa, tsare shi ko gudun hijira ba bisa ka’ida ba.

A cikin 1950s, lauyan Ba'amurke Luis Kutner ya fara ba da shawarar rubutaccen habeas corpus na duniya don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. A shekara ta 1952, ya gabatar da koke ga "United Nations Writ of Habeas Corpus" a madadin William N. Oatis, wani dan jarida Ba'amurke da aka daure a shekarar da ta gabata ta hannun gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta Czechoslovakia. hanyoyin magance take hakin bil adama, an shigar da koken ne ga hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: 303, 309-314  Hukumar ta mika bukatar ga Czechoslovakia, amma ba a dauki wani mataki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba. An sake Oatis a cikin 1953. Kutner ya ci gaba da buga labarai da littattafai masu yawa waɗanda ke ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar "Kotu ta Habeas Corpus ta ƙasa da ƙasa.

Ta hanyar hurumi

 Ostiraliya 
Rubutun habeas corpus a matsayin magani na tsari wani bangare ne na gadon dokokin gama gari na Ostiraliya. A cikin 2005, majalisar dokokin Ostiraliya ta zartar da Dokar Yaƙi da Ta'addanci ta Australiya 2005. Wasu masana shari'a sun yi tambaya game da kundin tsarin mulki, saboda wani ɓangare na dokakokin da ya sanya a kan habeas corpus.Jackson, Vicki C. (January 2006). "World Habeas Corpus" (PDF). Cornell Law Review. 91. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

 Manazarta