Maria N'koi

Maria N"koi 'yar tawaye ce kuma mai warkarwa ta Kongo da aka sani da ƙaddamar da "rashin hankali na warkewa"  a kan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Kwango ta Belgium a 1915, tana adawa da haraji da aikin tilas. MACGAFFEY, W. (2018). ANXIETY AND POWER IN COLONIAL CONGO - A Nervous State: Violence, Remedies, and Reverie in Colonial Congo. By Nancy Rose Hunt. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Pp. xviii 352. hardback (ISBN 978082235946); $26.95, paperback (). The Journal of African History, 59(1), 155-156. doi:10.1017/S0021853718000208

Bayan gwagwarmayar Afirka, Kongo ta zama mallakar sarki na Belgium, Léopold II, wanda ya yi amfani da ita da zalunci tare da tilasta yawan samar da roba.

A cikin 1903 Léopold ya nemi Makarantar Liverpool ta yi nazarin cutar barci a Kongo. Wadannan masana kimiyya sun yi kuskuren cewa cutar tana yaduwa, kuma sun kafa sansanonin kwana da fasfo na likita. Yanayi mai ban tsoro a cikin sansanonin  ya kara rikice-rikice a cikin matakan kiwon lafiya na jama'a; masu warkarwa na cikin gida sun yi imani da kare mai haƙuri daga lahani maimakon kare al'umma daga mai haƙuri.  A zahiri cutar tana yaduwa saboda tilasta girbi na roba daga inabi na Landolphia a yankunan da ke fama da cututtukan cututtukatattun cututtukayyar, tsetse flies.

Sauran mutane da yawa sun tayar da kayar baya a wannan lokacin, amma ta haifar da tawaye daga baya a Bus-Bloc da Dekese,  kuma ta nuna zuwan Simon Kimbangu. A cikin duka, shiga tsakani na gwamnati mai dauke da makamai talatin ya faru a 1915, wasu daga cikinsu na soja, bisa ga rahoton shekara-shekara daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka zuwa Brussels. Masu mulkin mallaka galibi suna ba da ƙauyuka don tattara roba a yankunan da ke cikin wasu mutane, wanda ke haifar da rikici, da kuma mamaye ƙauyuka waɗanda suka kasa cika ƙididdigar su. Mazauna ƙauyen sun gudu daga waɗannan buƙatun, kuma sau da yawa ana taimaka musu su yi hakan.

Koyaya, Maria N'koi tana jawo taron jama'a a 1915, kuma Équateur, inda take zaune, ta haɗu da yankin Jamus na Kameru bayan da aka ci Faransa da Jamusawa a 1911  kuma tana hasashen cin nasarar Belgium da Jamusawan suka yi ban da bayar da shawarar rashin amincewa.  A zahiri yakin Kamerun ya haifar da asarar Jamus da rarraba yankunansu tsakanin Faransanci da Burtaniya. An kama Maria N'koi kuma an yi mata shari'a a Coquilhatville, sannan aka tura ta gudun hijira (réléguée) zuwa Buta. A shekara ta 1929 hukumomi sun ba ta izinin barin Buta, amma har yanzu suna tunanin tana da haɗari sosai don ba ta damar komawa gida, kuma suna buƙatar ta je Coquilhatville, inda wasu 'yan Afirka suka kasance masu tasowa

Maria N'Koi (na damisa) an sanya masa suna ne saboda damisa da aka ce ta kashe a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, kuma har yanzu ana danganta ta da labarun yankin game da kama ta da itatuwa, sihiri da warkarwa. A shekarunta na baya gwamnatin Mobutu ta amince da ita a matsayin ''yan tawaye kuma ta nemi ta yi aiki don juyin juya halin. Rubuce-rubucen tsarin kurkuku na mulkin mallaka sun zana hoton ta na uku, na jima'i.

 Dubi kuma 

 Ruhun Sarki Leopold
 Ayyukan zalunci a cikin Ƙasar Kwango
 Simon Kimbangu
 Yankin Buta
 Kungiyar Gyara ta Kongo
 Yunkurin Afirka
 Ƙaunar Zuciya

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