Tawayen Mau Mau da Biyan Gwamnatin Burtaniya

Mau Mau Rebellion da Biyan Gwamnatin Burtaniya suna nufin ayyukan shari'a da kuma sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin Burtaniya da Kenya da aka azabtar da su a lokacin Mau Mau Uprising (1952-1960). Shari'ar ta ƙare a cikin wani sasantawa na 2013 wanda gwamnatin Burtaniya ta amince da biyan £ 19.9 miliyan a matsayin diyya ga masu neman Kenya 5,228 kuma ta ba da wata sanarwa ta nadama game da yadda aka bi da fursunoni a lokacin gaggawa na mulkin mallaka.

 Tarihi 
Mau Mau Uprising, wanda aka fi sani da gaggawa ta Kenya, tawaye ne mai dauke da makamai a kan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Kenya daga 1952 zuwa 1960. A lokacin rikici, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun tsare kimanin 'yan Kenya miliyan 1.5 a sansanonin fursunoni da ƙauyuka masu garu, inda aka rubuta azabtarwa, cin zarafin jima'i, da sauran nau'ikan rashin kulawa.

Shari'ar ta fito ne shekaru da yawa bayan haka lokacin da tsofaffin mutanen Kenya da suka tsira suka nemi adalci saboda cin zarafin da suka sha. Ayyukan sun sami taimako sosai ta hanyar gano bayanan mulkin mallaka da aka ɓoye a Hanslope Park, wanda ya ƙunshi dubban takardu da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da yanayin tsarin cin zarafin.

 Shari'a 

 Da'awar farko 
A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2009, kamfanin lauya na London Leigh Day ya gabatar da karar diyya a kan gwamnatin Burtaniya a madadin tsofaffin 'yan Kenya guda biyar da suka yi zargin cewa sojojin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun azabtar da su a lokacin gaggawa na Mau Mau. Masu da'awar asali sune: 

 Niku Mutuwa - da ake zargi da castration a lokacin da aka tsare shi
 Paulo Muoka Nzili - wanda ake zargi da castration a lokacin da aka tsare shi
 Jane Muthoni Mara - zargin cin zarafin jima'i da azabtarwa
 Wambugu Wa Nyingi - wanda ake zargin mummunan duka da azabtarwa
 Susan Ciong'ombe Ngondi - zargin azabtarwa (ya mutu yayin shari'a a shekarar 2011) 

 Amsar gwamnati da kalubalen shari'a 
Gwamnatin Burtaniya da farko ta kalubalanci da'awar a kan dalilai da yawa, tana jayayya cewa:

 Lokaci mai yawa ya wuce tun lokacin da ake zargin abubuwan da suka faru
 Ya kamata a bi ikirarin a kan gwamnatin Kenya a matsayin magajin jihar
 Babu isasshen shaida don tallafawa zarge-zargen 

 Binciken tarihin Hanslope Park 
Wani muhimmin canji ya zo ne tare da wahayi na Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth Migrated Archives a Hanslope Park a Buckinghamshire. Wadannan ɗakunan ajiya sun ƙunshi kusan fayiloli 8,800 daga tsoffin yankuna 37 na Burtaniya, gami da Kenya, waɗanda aka canja su a asirce zuwa Burtaniya a lokacin mulkin mallaka.

Binciken waɗannan takardun, wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da azabtarwa da cin zarafi a sansanonin tsare-tsare na Kenya, ya ƙarfafa shari'ar masu da'awar kuma ya lalata matsayin gwamnati cewa irin wannan cin zarafin sun kasance abubuwan da suka faru da mutane masu laifi suka yi.

 Hukuncin Kotun Koli 
A ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2012, Mista Mai Shari'a McCombe na Babban Kotun Shari'a ya yanke hukuncin cewa masu neman gwajin uku da suka tsira (Mutua, Nzili, da Mara) na iya ci gaba da shari'arsu a kan Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth. Alkalin ya gano cewa duk da wucewar lokaci, akwai isasshen shaida cewa masu shigar da kara suna da "ƙaddamarwa da ba za a iya tantancewa ba" kuma zai yiwu a yi shari'a mai adalci.

Hukuncin ya kasance mai mahimmanci saboda shi ne karo na farko da kotun Burtaniya ta ba da izinin da'awar cin zarafin zamanin mulkin mallaka don ci gaba da shari'a.

 Sadarwa da diyya 

 Sanarwar gwamnati 
A ranar 6 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2013, Sakataren Harkokin Waje William Hague ya sanar da House of Commons cewa gwamnatin Burtaniya ta cimma matsaya a waje da kotun tare da masu neman Mau Mau. A cikin sanarwa, Hague ya nuna "daidaitaccen nadama" saboda cin zarafin da ya faru kuma ya yarda cewa an azabtar da 'yan Kenya da sauran nau'ikan zalunci a hannun gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.

Koyaya, gwamnati ta ci gaba da cewa ba ta yarda da alhakin doka don ayyukan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ba kuma ta jaddada cewa an yi sulhu ba tare da yarda da alƙawari ba.

 Biyan kuɗi 
Yarjejeniyar ta tanada don:

 Jimlar diyya: £ 19.9 miliyan
 Adadin masu da'awar: 5,228 'yan Kenya da suka tsira
 Biyan mutum: Kimanin £ 2,600 ga kowane mai nema
 Kudin shari'a: Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta rufe shi
 Asusun Tunawa: Ƙarin tallafi don tunawa a Nairobi 

 Abin Tunawa 
A matsayin wani ɓangare na sulhu, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da kuɗin gina wani abin tunawa a Nairobi don tunawa da wadanda aka azabtar da su a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An gabatar da abin tunawa, wanda a hukumance ake kira "Memorial ga wadanda aka azabtar da su a zamanin mulkin mallaka, 1952-1960," a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2015 a Uhuru Park . 

 Muhimmancin tarihi 

 Halin Shari'a 
Yarjejeniyar Mau ta kafa muhimman ka'idojin doka:

 Da'awar nasara ta farko don cin zarafin zamanin mulkin mallaka akan gwamnatin Burtaniya
 Ya nuna cewa ana iya bin rashin adalci na tarihi ta kotuna duk da wucewar lokaci
 Saita tsarin da za a iya yi a nan gaba da wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin mulkin mallaka 

 Tasirin fahimtar tarihi 
Wannan shari'ar ta ba da gudummawa ga sake nazarin tarihin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya:

 Ya kawo hankali ga shaidar da aka hana a baya game da azabtarwa ta tsari
 Ya nuna lalacewa da gangan da ɓoye tarihin mulkin mallaka
 Binciken ilimi da ya shafi mulkin mallaka da tashin hankali na mulkin mallaka
 Kira da sauri don irin wannan bincike a wasu rikice-rikicen mulkin mallaka 

 Hakkin gwamnati 
Yarjejeniyar ta wakilci wata sanarwa mai ban sha'awa da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi game da cin zarafin mulkin mallaka, kodayake masu sukar sun lura:

 Ƙin yarda da alhakin doka
 Ƙananan adadin diyya
 Tsawon jinkiri wajen magance wadannan rashin adalci na tarihi
 Tambayoyi game da wasu ikirarin mulkin mallaka da ba a warware su ba 

 Sakamakon da batutuwan da ke gudana 

 Rarraba diyya 
Rarraba biyan diyya ya fara ne a cikin 2013, tare da mafi yawan kudade da aka bayar a cikin 2015. Koyaya, tsarin ya fuskanci ƙalubale da yawa:

 Tabbatar da asalin masu da'awar da abubuwan da suka faru
 Samun tsofaffi da suka tsira a yankuna masu nisa
 Gudanar da tsammanin game da adadin diyya
 Magana da'awar daga waɗanda ba a haɗa su a cikin asalin sasantawa ba 

 Ƙarin ma'ana 
Yarjejeniyar Mau Mau ta rinjayi tattaunawa game da:

 Gyara wasu rashin adalci na tarihi
 Hakkin tsoffin ikon mulkin mallaka don cin zarafin da ya gabata
 Adanawa da samun damar tarihin mulkin mallaka
 Hanyoyin adalci na wucin gadi don magance kuskuren tarihi

 Tattaunawa da muhawara 
Yarjejeniyar ta sami ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa:

Magoya baya sun yi jayayya cewa:

 Bayar da amincewa da cin zarafin mulkin mallaka na dogon lokaci
 Ya ba da adalci ga tsofaffi da suka tsira
 Kafa muhimmiyar misali don lissafi

Masu sukar sun yi jayayya cewa:

 Rashin cikakken amincewa da alhakin
 Bayar da isasshen diyya ga sikelin wahala
 Rashin magance manyan hanyoyin tashin hankali na mulkin mallaka
 Ya zo da wuri ga mutane da yawa da suka riga sun mutu 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Haɗin waje 

 Sanarwar Gwamnatin Burtaniya game da Sadarwa
 Ranar Leigh: Da'awar Mau Mau
 BBC: Kenya Mau Mau memorial wanda Burtaniya ta ba da kuɗin
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba