Stela na Maidowa

Stela na Maidowa, wanda aka fi sani da Stela na Sabuntawa na Tutankhamun, wani rubutu ne na tsohuwar Masar daga mulkin Fir'auna Tutankhamen wanda ya ba da umarnin addinin siyasa na addinin Atenism na Fir'auna Akhenaton . Rubuce-rubuce ne na canjin manufofin gwamnati inda aka soke Atenism a hukumance, kuma an sake dawo da asalin Addinin asalin Masar ta dā. Masanin kimiyyar Masar Georges Legrain ne ya gano shi a cikin 1905 a cikin yanayin raguwa.

A cikin bayyani, rubuce-rubucen ya ba da cikakken bayani game da mummunan yanayin cibiyoyin addinai da al'umma gabaɗaya a lokacin zamanin Atenism, da kuma yadda Fir'auna Tutankhamun ya kafa tsarin sake farfado da waɗannan cibiyoyin addini da sake daidaita al'umma. Wadannan manufofi sun hada da gyare-gyare daban-daban na gine-gine da aiki.

Masanin kimiyyar Masar Ray Johnson ya ambaci mulkin Tutankhamun a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman lokacin sabuntawa a tarihin Masar".

 Bincike 
Masanin kimiyyar Masar na Faransa Georges Legrain ne ya gano Stela na Maidowa na Tutankhamun a watan Yulin 1905, haikalin Amun a Karnak. Stela yana kwance a karkashin kasa game da rabin mita, a kusurwar Arewa maso Gabas na Babban Gidan Hypostyle kafin Pylon na Uku. Kamar yadda Legrain ya gano, stela ya fashe zuwa sassa biyar saboda daya daga cikin ginshiƙan Hall ya fadi a kansa. A wani lokaci kuma an yi ƙoƙari ya raba shi ta hanyar hako ramuka a cikin layin tsakiya, mai yiwuwa don amfani da dutse, amma yunkurin bai yi nasara ba. An sami wani sashi na kwafin a Haikali na Montu (Medamud) 

Musamman, an gano Stela na Maidowa kimanin shekaru 17 kafin gano kabarin Tutankhamun.

 Takaitaccen Bayani 
Manufar Stela na Maidowa shine yin rubuce-rubuce da kuma yin bikin sauyawar gwamnati na addinin Atenism. Kayan tarihi ya kasance a matsayin watan na huɗu na Akhet, ranar 19; shekarar mulki ta lalace. Wasu masana kimiyyar Masar sun sake gina shi a matsayin "Shekara 1", kodayake William Murnane ya yi jayayya cewa saboda Tutankhamun ya fara mulkinsa a ƙarƙashin sunan "Tutankhaten", ba zai yiwu a sanya kwanan wata da stela da wuri ba. Aidan Dodson ya sake gina kwanan wata a matsayin "Shekara 4".

Rubutun ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da bangarori daban-daban na rikice-rikicen al'umma a Misira a lokacin Atenism, da kuma ayyukan da Tutankhamun ya dauka don sokewa da kuma magance halin da ake ciki. Masanin kimiyyar Masar John Bennett ya rubuta cewa: "Harshe da rubutun rubutun rubutun suna da canji, kuma suna nuna yanayin da ba a daidaita ba na ƙasar bayan mulkin Akhenaten. Kamar yadda lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin gwagwarmaya tsakanin jam'iyyar Amun mai rikitarwa da mabiyan juyin juya halin Aten, don haka rubutun ya haɗu da tsoffin da sababbin kalmomi da jimloli. "Rubuce-rubucen gabaɗaya suna yin rikodin sake gina kayan addini masu tsada, mayar da ma'aikatun addini da sake daukar ma'aikatan ma'aikatan addini. Misali, takardar ta nuna cewa sojojin Masar ba su yi aiki sosai ba a lokacin mulkin Akhenaten, kamar yadda takardar ta karanta:Idan aka aika sojoji zuwa Djahy don fadada iyakokin idan Masar, ba za ta yi nasara ba.Wannan sashi ya dace da tarihin da Fir'auna Akhenaten ya kai hari kan Kadesh.  Takardar ta kuma ba da cikakken bayani game da ayyukan gine-gine da aka yi. Lokacin da Tutankhamun ya juya Atenism, ya sake jaddada addinin allahn Amun, allahn kansa. Alal misali, dutsen ya karanta:Ya sanya mahaifinsa Amun 13 sanduna tsawo... kodayake ubangijin wannan allahn mai daraja ya kasance kawai 7 sanduna da daɗewa.Stela kuma ya bayyana yadda Tutankhamun ya kara tallafin kudi ga cibiyoyin addini da ma'aikatansu waɗanda aka yi watsi da su a cikin Atenism. Musamman, ana yawan ambaton dukiya daga ƙasashen waje, kamar zinariya, a matsayin tushen kuɗi don ƙoƙarin sake ginawa na Tutankhamun.

 Ayyukan zane-zane 
Wannan kayan tarihi ya ƙunshi zane-zane na Tutankhamun yana yin hadaya na lotus da papyrus ga allahn Amun-Ra. An nuna allahn yana amsawa da tabbaci, yayin da rubutun da aka rubuta ya ba da labarin bikin kamar yadda yake ba da furanni don "rayuwa da aka ba shi".Bennett, John (1939).  Har ila yau, akwai hoton Ankhesenamun yana tsaye a bayan Tutankhamun a kan stela a cikin asalinsa. Koyaya, lokacin da Horemheb ya shirya takardar, sai ya shafe ta gaba ɗaya ya maye gurbin hoton da rubutun.

 Dubi kuma 

 Dokar Horemheb
 Tarihin Thutmose III
 Stela na Inventory
 Stela na Bentresh
 Stela na Ikhernofret
 Stele na Piye
 Tarihin rayuwar Weni
 Maxims na Ptahhotep
 Umurnin Kagemni
 Dokar Hammurabi
 Dokar Ur-Nammu
 Dokokin Eshnunna
 Dokar Lipit-Ishtar
 Dokar Musa
 Dokokin Ashoka

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba