David Webster (anthropologist)

David Webster (1 Disamba 1944 - 1 Mayu 1989) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu malami ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Witwatersrand, inda ya kasance babban malami a lokacin da aka kashe shi.

Webster ya kasance memba na kafa Kwamitin Tallafawa Iyaye na tsare (DPSC) a cikin shekarar 1981, memba na Five Freedoms Forum, kuma mai himma a cikin United Democratic Front. Webster ya kasance mamba mai ƙwazo a ƙungiyar magoya bayan Orlando Pirates kuma ya taimaka wajen haɗakarwa da shirya mawakan Afirka ta Kudu lokacin gwagwarmaya a shekarun 1980.

Ya kasance mai binciken al'adun gargajiya na dogon lokaci kuma aikinsa a kusa da Kosi Bay a kan iyakar Mozambique ya haifar da wallafe-wallafen ilimi da yawa da ake bita.

Jami'an tsaron mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata ne suka kashe Webster a wajen gidansa a ranar 1 ga watan Mayun 1989.

 Shekarun farko 
An haifi David Joseph Webster a cikin shekarar 1944 a Arewacin Rhodesia, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai hakar ma'adinai a Copperbelt. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Rhodes a Grahamstown, inda ya shiga harkokin siyasa na ɗalibai. 

A cikin shekarar 1970, Webster ya fara koyar da ilimin sanin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Witwatersrand (Wits). An rubuta takardar shaidar digirinsa a kan wani batu na al'ada na ilimin halin ɗan adam ('yan uwantaka), amma an mayar da hankali kan filin fashe na siyasa, wato ma'aikatan ƙaura daga Mozambique. A cikin shekarar 1976, ya koyar a shekaru biyu tare da Peter Worsley a Jami'ar Manchester.

Webster ya kasance mai fafutuka a harkar siyasa na yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, musamman a shekarun 1980 na kwamitin tallafawa iyayen da ake tsare da su, ƙungiyar da ke bayar da shawarar a saki fursunonin siyasa da ake tsare da su ba tare da shari’a ba a Afirka ta Kudu.

Abokin aikinsa Eddie Webster, masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne a Cibiyar Kudancin Cibiyar Nazarin Rashin daidaito, Wits.  

 Kisa 
An harbe Webster a kofar gidansa da ke lamba 13 Eleanor Street a Troyeville, Johannesburg, ta hanyar masu kisan gilla a ma'aikacin Ofishin Haɗin gwiwar Jama'a, wata hukuma ce ta ɓoye na ƙasar mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata."The night Ferdi Barnard told me he killed", Nov 21 1997, Mail & Guardian  Dubban mutane ne suka halarci jana'izar Webster a St Mary's Cathedral, Johannesburg.  

An biya tawagar da aka kashe R40,000 (a lokacin, kwatankwacin dalar Amurka 8,000) don kashe shi. Ferdi Barnard, mutumin da ya ja bindigar da aka yi amfani da shi, an yi masa shari’a kuma aka same shi da laifi a shekarar 1998; An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai guda biyu tare da shekaru 63 saboda wasu laifuka da suka haɗa da kisan Webster."Ferdi Barnard is found guilty of killing Webster", sahistory.org.za  An saki Barnard daga gidan yari a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, 2019, bayan da Ministan Shari’a da Ma’aikatan Gyaran Jiki Michael Masutha ya amince da sakin sa a watan Maris 2019. Ko da yake an saki Barnard, ba a sassauta hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai da aka yanke masa ba. Don haka, zai ci gaba da cika sauran hukumcin da aka yanke masa a cikin al’umma, kuma ofishin kula da gyaran al’umma zai kula da shi.

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Dr Webster ya kasance memba na kungiyar magoya bayan Orlando Pirates. Mambobin ƙungiyar magoya bayan ƙungiyar sun kafa jami’an tsaro a kusa da akwatin gawar sa a wajen jana’izar sa.

 Martaba 
Gidan da ke Troyeville inda Webster ya zauna tare da abokin aikinsa Maggie Friedman an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin gado. A wurin da aka kashe shi a wajen David Webster House akwai wani mosaic wanda ya haɗa da kalmomin "An kashe shi a nan don yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya rayu don adalci, zaman lafiya da abota". Wani wurin shakatawa na kusa a titin Clarence (wanda ake kira Bloemenhof Park) an sake masa suna David Webster Park a bikin cika shekaru 20 da mutuwarsa. Akwai kuma wani mosaic a wurin shakatawa na Jacob Ramaboya daga Spaza Gallery wanda ke tunawa da rayuwarsa.

A cikin shekarar 1992, Jami'ar Witwatersrand ta ba da lambar yabo ta Hall of Residence Webster. Gidan zama na David Webster yanzu yana gida ga ɗaliban Jami'ar Wits kusan 400.

 Ayyukan da aka wallafa 


Webster, D 1984. The reproduction of labour power and the struggle for survival in Soweto.  (Carnegie Conference paper no.20) Rondebosch: Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit. .
  (Published posthumously)
  (Published posthumously)

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 

Frederikse, J 1998. David Webster. Cape Town : Maskew Miller Longman. .
Stiff, P 2001. Warfare by Other Means: South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s. Alberton (South Africa): Galago. .

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Short Biography
 Abun 'labarai' na kayan tarihi mai ɗauke da hoton David Webster kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi akan fastocin da aka yi amfani da su wajen jana'izar sa
 Labari a cikin Tushen Tushen vol. 10, no.2, Mayu 1989, "Me ya sa suka kashe David Webster", ciki har da hotunan David Webster, na makoki a wurin jana'izar, da wajen St Mary's Cathedral a Johannesburg.
 Tribobi da Lloyd Vogelman
 Tribute daga Edward (Eddie) Webster, abokin aiki a 'Wits', wanda aka buga a Canji, juzu'i na 9 
 Shafin jarida mai dauke da hotunan wurin da aka yi kisan, da kuma hoton David Webster na rubuta bayanan filin
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1989
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba