Canjin yanayi da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa da haƙƙoƙi a Afirka

Sauyin yanayi al'amari ne na duniya wanda ke da fa'ida da tasiri mai zurfi a bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar dan adam. Bayan sanannun sakamakon muhalli, canjin yanayi yana tasiri sosai ga lafiyar ɗan adam, gami da yanayin lafiyar jima'i da haifuwa da haƙƙoƙin (SRHRs). Babu inda waɗannan tasirin suka fi fitowa fili fiye da na Afirka, nahiya da ke da rauni musamman ga tasirin sauyin yanayi saboda yanayin zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙin ƙasa, da yanayin muhalli. Fahimtar haɗin kai tsakanin sauyin yanayi da SRHRs yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka cikakkun dabarun dabaru don magance waɗannan ƙalubalen da ke da alaƙa. 

A cewar Cibiyar Ci Gaban Dorewa ta Duniya (IISD), sauyin yanayi yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga lafiyar jima'i da haifuwa da haƙƙoƙin ( SRHRs ) a Afirka. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa shingen tabbatar da SRHR yana hana ci gaba zuwa daidaiton jinsi kuma yana iya hana ayyukan yanayi. A lokaci guda, tasirin canjin yanayi na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga SRHR, alal misali, ta hanyar katsewa a cikin ayyukan jima'i da kiwon lafiyar haihuwa wanda ya haifar da matsanancin yanayi. 

 Tasirin Canjin Yanayi akan SRHRs 
Matsanancin yanayi na iya rage samun damar yin amfani da sabis na SRHR, kamar yadda irin wannan yana ƙara yawan halayen halayen jima'i da kuma haifar da farkon jima'i na farko, mafi yawan cututtuka na cututtuka, da cin zarafi da amfani da jima'i  Sauyin yanayi na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar mata da kuma haifar da yanayi wanda zai haifar da karuwa a cikin tashin hankali na jinsi, ciki har da ayyuka masu cutarwa irin su auren yara . Wani bincike da aka yi a kasashe 21 da ke kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka wanda ya kunshi masu amsa kusan 300,000 da suka yi nazari kan illar da ke tattare da karuwar zafin jiki na dogon lokaci a kan cutar kanjamau, ya nuna cewa an dade ana fama da fari yana da alaka da karuwar cutar kanjamau da sauran cututtukan STI. Har ila yau, binciken ya nuna cewa fari na iya yin tasiri ga mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara, ƙananan ƙananan shekaru, da kuma ƙara yawan shiga cikin jima'i  Sakamakon sauyin yanayi yana da bambanci, mai tsanani, kuma an yi hasashen zai kara tsananta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ko da an kiyaye canjin yanayin zafi daidai da yarjejeniyar Paris (wato iyakance yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa zuwa ƙasa 2 ° C, kuma zai fi dacewa ƙasa da 1.5 °C, idan aka kwatanta da matakan masana'antu kafin masana'antu), za a sami tasiri mai mahimmanci akan bambancin halittu, wadatar ruwa, amincin abinci, da lafiya. 

 Tasirin Mata da Yan Mata 
Sakamakon sauyin yanayi yana shafar mata da 'yan mata da yawa, wadanda galibi ke daukar nauyin sakamakonsa. Lokacin da bala'o'i masu alaka da yanayi suka afku, mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar matsanancin rauni, wanda ke jefa su cikin haɗarin cin zarafin mata.  Wannan ya fi muni ta yadda ake yin watsi da lamuran lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa yayin bala'i.  Kaura daga gidajensu na iya haifar da aurar da yara mata da wuri yayin da iyalansu ke fafutukar ciyar da su. Auren yara yana fallasa 'yan mata ga babban haɗari na tashin hankalin abokan zama saboda rashin daidaituwar iko a cikin waɗannan alaƙa.  Wannan ya samo asali ne daga ƙa'idodin al'adu waɗanda ke ba wa mata da yara damar rage ikon yanke shawara da kuma ikon ƙaura yayin fuskantar canjin yanayi. 

Babban sakamako na sauyin yanayi a kan SRHRs ya kasance batun bincike a Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, da Sahel . Nazarin ya gano cewa mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar iyakacin samun sabis na kiwon lafiya a yayin bala'o'in da suka shafi yanayi. Rashin kayan aiki, kamar ruwa mai tsafta da kayan aikin haila, yana kara kawo musu cikas wajen tafiyar da lafiyarsu cikin mutunci.  Wadannan munanan tasirin suna jin mafi yawan 'yan mata da mata, da kuma daidaikun mutanen da suka riga sun fuskanci shinge da yawa don fahimtar SRHR. Musamman, matasa; ma'aikatan jima'i; mutanen da ke da nakasa; ko kuma waɗanda ba a ba da izini ba game da yanayin jima'i, asalin jinsi, bayyanar jinsi, da halayen jima'i suna fuskantar manyan shingen samun damar bayanai da sabis na SRHR, gami da cikin saitunan jin kai. 

 Takamaiman Tasiri kan Lafiyar Mata 
Canjin yanayi yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin wadataccen abinci kuma saboda haka yana tasiri lafiyar mata. Hakan ya faru ne saboda illar tattalin arziki da canjin yanayi ke haifarwa.  Misali, a lokacin yunwar Habasha na 1984-1985, an ba da rahoton cewa mata da jarirai sun fi mutuwa saboda rashin adalci wajen samun albarkatun abinci. 

Musamman, a Afirka, ana samun karuwar rashin abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa.  Wannan yana haifar da mummunan sakamako akan lafiyar yara. A fadin kasashen Afirka 19 sauyin yanayi ya haifar da raguwar nauyin haihuwa saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki ga mata masu juna biyu.  Bugu da ƙari, a lokuta na bala'i, mata suna iya samun sakamako mara kyau na haifuwa wanda ya kama daga haihuwa da wuri zuwa preeclampsia. 

Tasirin ya fi muni ta hanyar cututtuka masu yaduwa da sauri tare da raunin kayan aiki da ƙarancin aikin gona.  A duk faɗin yankunan yammacin Afirka, tsakiyar Afirka, da gabashi da kudancin Afirka, an rubuta yaran da aka haifa daga iyaye mata masu fama da zazzabin cizon sauro sun ninka sau biyu. 

 Cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i 
Rashin tsaro da ke haifar da matsanancin yanayi na iya haifar da haɓakar halayen jima'i masu haɗari, gami da ƙarancin jima'i da kwaroron roba da jima'i na mu'amala wanda ke haifar da yaduwar cututtuka da cututtukan jima'i.  Wani bincike da aka yi game da mutane 300,000 a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya nuna cewa hakan ya haifar da karuwar kamuwa da cutar STI da HIV musamman a tsawon lokaci na fari da kuma yawan zafin jiki na dogon lokaci.  Bugu da ƙari kuma binciken ya nuna cewa ƙananan yara suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta yayin jima'i. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a kasar Lesotho ya kuma nuna cewa yara mata matasa na fuskantar karin kashi 11% na kamuwa da cutar kanjamau sakamakon matsalar fari.  Hijira daga sauyin yanayi kuma yana kara ta'azzara al'amura yayin da mutane da yawa ke kallon matakin a matsayin wani mataki na kariya kuma ba su gane cewa yana iya haifar da rikice-rikicen jima'i da na haihuwa ba. 

 Kalubale a Samun Samun Sabis na SRHR 
A lokacin bala'o'i masu alaƙa da yanayi, sabis na kiwon lafiya, gami da sabis na lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa, galibi ana iyakancewa ko babu su. Wannan rashin samun damar shiga ya sa mata ba su da tallafin da suka dace a lokacin haihuwa, yana jefa lafiyarsu da na jariran da aka haifa cikin kasadar. Bugu da ƙari, rashin ruwa mai tsabta da samfuran haila yana hana mata da 'yan mata damar gudanar da haila da mutunci, yana ƙara yin tasiri ga SRHRs. 

Ana fuskantar ƙalubale tare da ƙaura da yanayi ya jawo. Bisa hasashen yanayi na bakin haure miliyan 85.7 a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara nan da shekara ta 2050, Afirka na fuskantar matsalar ‘yan gudun hijira mafi muni a wannan zamani.  Lokacin da aka tilasta wa dukan al'ummomi ƙaura a lokacin ƙaura na canjin yanayi, akwai rashin samun damar yin amfani da sabis na kiwon lafiya na jima'i da haihuwa.  Matan ƙaura da ƴan gudun hijira suna fuskantar haɗarin fyaɗe, ciki maras so, da zubar da ciki mara kyau.  Wannan sau da yawa yakan haifar da ƙarin al'amurran da suka shafi ciki da kuma warewar zamantakewa. 

 Ta'azzara Rashin Lalaci ga Ƙungiyoyin da aka ware 
Ga mutanen da aka ware da kuma masu rauni, da kuma masu naƙasa, tasirin sauyin yanayi ya haɗa ƙalubalen da suke da su da kuma raunin da suke da shi. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna fuskantar ƙarin shinge don samun damar kiwon lafiya, daidaita yanayin yanayin muhalli, da murmurewa daga bala'o'i masu alaƙa da yanayi. Matsakaicin rarrabuwar kawuna na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da lafiya yana ƙara tsananta raunin su ga tasirin sauyin yanayi. "Climate change disproportionately affects women and young girls – and here's why". UNFPA ESARO. 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2023-06-12.

 Maganganun Manufofin Da Aka Gabatar 
Tare da karuwar damuwa game da tasirin sauyin yanayi ga al'ummomi, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yi taro a watan Oktoban 2022 don tattauna kokarin farfado da koren. Sun kirkiro Ajandar Afirka ta 2063 da ta shafi sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki don rage tasirin sauyin ci gaban kasa. A cikin dabarun nasu, sun bayyana yadda sauyin yanayi da matsalolin jinsi suka hada kai da kuma dalilin da ya sa mata da matasa ke bukatar shigar da su cikin tsare-tsarensu. Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton IPCC daga 2007 wanda ke nuna yadda sauyin yanayi zai haifar da rashin abinci, cututtuka na yau da kullun, da kuma samun lafiyar jama'a.

Wadannan shawarwari suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban rayuwar al'ummomin Afirka saboda manufofin sanin jinsi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cimma ci gaban aikin noma don cika alkawurran da aka zayyana a cikin sanarwar Malabo. [1] Amurka ta sanar da shirin taimakawa nahiyar ta cimma burinta na tabbatar da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Misali a taron kasuwanci na Amurka da Afirka an zartar da tsare-tsare don samar da yarjejeniyar sufuri tsakanin kasashen Nijar da Benin wanda ya hada da dala miliyan 7.5 don kasuwanci da kuma shirye-shiryen horar da mata, don dakile cutar kanjamau, cin zarafin mata, fataucin mutane, da inganta hanyoyi don tallafa wa matalauta da mata masu rauni da ke sayar da kayansu a kan hanyoyin sufuri.

 Uganda - Manufar Canjin Yanayi ta Kasa (NCCP) 
Manufofin sauyin yanayi na ƙasar Uganda na gano mutanen da ke fama da rauni tare da ba da fifikonsu a cikin ƙoƙarce -ƙoƙarcen sauyin yanayi da ƙoƙarin ragewa.  Musamman sun gano batutuwan da suka shafi mata da yara. Ƙoƙarin nasu an yi niyya ne don rage haɓakar yawan jama'a a nan gaba ta hanyar ƙarfafa tsarin iyali da lafiyar haihuwa. Suna fatan cimma wannan ta hanyar dabaru irin su Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA).  Gwamnatin Uganda ta kuma matsa lamba kan inganta manhajojin ilimi don tabbatar da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da ke tattare da haihuwa da lafiyar jima'i da ke da alaka da sauyin yanayi da kuma horar da kwararrun da ke da alhakin magance wadannan hadurran.

 Magana 

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