Ubuhake

Ubuhake shine sunan da aka ba wa tsarin zamantakewar daular Ruwanda da Burundi da Tutsi ke mulki tun daga kusan karni na 15 zuwa 1958.Linden, Ian (July 1975). "African Autobiography - The Biography of an African Society: Rwanda 1900–1960, based on forty-eight Rwandan autobiographies. By Helen Codere. Brussels: Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale Tervuren, Belgique, Annales Série in-8°—Sciences Humaines No. 79, 1973. Pp. 399, 4 diagrams. No price stated". The Journal of African History. 16 (3): 473–474. doi:10.1017/S0021853700014419. ISSN 1469-5138. An kwatanta shi akai-akai da feudalism na Turai.[2]. Dangane da rarrabawar shanu, ya kasance, duk da haka, tsarin da ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da na uburetwa, wanda ya shafi wani yanki mai girma na yawan jama'a kuma ya dogara ne akan rarraba ƙasa. Masarautar Tutsi ta yi amfani da tsarin rarraba filaye na uburetwa wajen sanya ikon sarrafa filaye a mafi yawan Ruwanda a tsarin da ake kira igikingi. Sai kawai arewa maso yammacin Rwanda, inda masu mallakar Hutu suka ƙi yin biyayya, ba sa cikin igikingi.

Ƙabilun biyu mafi rinjaye a cikin Ruwanda da Burundi su ne Tutsis da Hutus. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambancen tarihi tsakanin su shine Tutsis sun kasance masu kiwon shanu da farko yayin da Hutus manoma ne.

Da farko dai kwangilar ubuhake ta nuna cewa ‘yan Hutu na da damar yin amfani da shanun Tutsi domin yin hidima, na sirri ko na sojaHance, William A. (1964-03-02), "XVI. Rwanda and Burundi", XVI. Rwanda and Burundi, Columbia University Press, pp. 342–348, doi:10.7312/hanc93524-017, ISBN 978-0-231-89413-5, retrieved 2023-03-23. Hakazalika, ƙasar da ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Tutsi za a iya amfani da ita ta irin wannan hanyar a tsarin uburetwa. A hankali ya rikide zuwa tsarin aji inda aka hada filaye da shanu da mulki cikin kungiyar Tutsi, kuma Hutus suka zama bayin sarakunan Tutsi, wadanda suka ba su kariya, da shanu, da kuma amfani da filaye wajen yin hidima da amfanin gona. An haramta auratayya tsakanin matan Hutu da mazan Tutsi, kodayake mazan Hutu sukan auri matan Tutsi.

Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ruwanda da Burundi da Jamus da Beljiyam ne suka amince da tsarin ubuhake da uburetwa, wadanda suka goyi bayan manyan sarakunan Tutsi don ci gaba da mulki. Sai dai kuma ‘yan mulkin mallaka sun bukaci a yi aikin kuma a yi aikin don amfanin mulkin mallaka, maimakon kawai a yi wa ‘yan Tutsi masu fada a ji.

Ci gaba da tallata kabila ɗaya ya zama da wahala ga Belgium a siyasance a lokacin bayan yaƙi, duk da haka. Yawancin kasashen Turai suna ba da 'yancin kai ga kasashensu, kuma Belgium ta koma kawar da tsarin ubuhake da uburetwa a Ruwanda a shekara ta 1958, bayan da Mwami ya amince da Mwami ya yi watsi da tsarin a 1954. Ƙarfafa matsin lamba ga tsarin ubuhake da uburetwa daga ƙungiyoyin hadin kai na Hutu, musamman Grégoire Kayibanda ya tabbatar da nasarar da jam'iyyar ta Ruwanda ta yi. Parmehutu a zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin Rwanda na 1961.

Tsarin ubuhake da uburetwa, da kuma cin moriyarsa daga Tutsi Mwamis da Turawan mulkin mallaka, shi ne tushen gaba tsakanin Hutu da Tutsi. Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru na baya-bayan nan a kasashen biyu ana iya gano su ga wannan tashin hankali na tarihi, gami da kisan kiyashin Rwanda na 1994.

 Kamanceceniya da tsarin rarraba ƙasa Bugandan 
A cikin Buganda, shugabanni kuma sun yi amfani da iko ta hanyar mallakar ƙasa, maimakon zuriya. Uganda kuma yanki ne mai yawan jama'a. Wani sarki mai gado (wanda ake kira kabaka) da kuma wani basaraken ƙasa sun samar da tsari irin na arewacin Ruwanda a lokacin zuwan masu binciken Turai.Harrow, Kenneth W. (2005). ""Ancient Tribal Warfare": Foundational Fantasies of Ethnicity and History". Research in African Literatures. 36 (2): 34–45. ISSN 0034-5210.

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