Harshen kurame na Adamorobe da al'adun kurame a Ghana, Yammacin Afirka

Harshen kurame na Adamorobe (AdaSL) yare ne na musamman na ƙauyen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin al'ummar Adamorobe, wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Akuapem na Yankin Gabashin Ghana, Yammacin Afirka . Ya bambanta da yarukan kurame na ƙasa kamar Harshen Kurame na Ghana (GSL), AdaSL ya fito kuma ya ci gaba a cikin wannan ƙauyen karkara inda, a tarihi, wani ɓangare mai yawa na yawan jama'a ya kasance kurma saboda abubuwan gado. Ga tsararraki, duka kurame da masu ji mazauna Adamorobe sun yi amfani da AdaSL a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta halitta, suna inganta al'adun kurame da ba a kwatanta su da yawancin al'ummomi. Wannan labarin ya binciki fannoni na ƙasa, al'adu, tarihi, da harshe na Harshen Kurame na Adamorobe, tare da kalubalen da ke gudana na al'umma da kokarin kiyayewa.

 Yanayin ƙasa da al'adu 
Adamorobe yana da nisan kilomita 30 zuwa 40 a arewacin Accra a cikin tsaunukan Akuapem . Yawancin ƙauyen Akan ne, tare da yawancin jama'a suna magana da yaren Akan (Akuapem Twi) ban da amfani da AdaSL. Al'ummar sun sami kulawa saboda yawan abubuwan da suka faru na kurma na gado, wani abu da ya tsara al'adun ƙauyen da yanayin harshe.

Ba kamar sauran al'ummomin kurame da yawa ba inda kurame ke warewa a cikin al'umma, mazaunan kurame na Adamorobe sun cika cikin rayuwar ƙauyen. Mutanen ƙauyen masu ji suna amfani da AdaSL a cikin hulɗar yau da kullun, suna ƙirƙirar yanayin harsuna biyu wanda ke haɗa duniya masu ji da kurame ba tare da matsala ba.

 Asalin da tarihin yaren kurame na Adamorobe 
An yi imanin cewa AdaSL ya fito ne sama da shekaru 200 da suka gabata, tare da kafa ƙauyen. Nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa babban abin da ya faru na kurma a Adamorobe ya faru ne saboda maye gurbin gado wanda ya wuce ta hanyar tsararraki.

Magana ta farko game da Adamorobe da yaren kurame sun samo asali ne daga tsakiyar Karni na 20, tare da masu bincike suna lura da haɗin kai na musamman na kurame.

A cikin shekarun 1960 da 1980, gabatar da ilimin kurame na yau da kullun a Ghana ya haifar da fallasa yaran kurame na Adamorobe ga harshen kurame na Ghana, wanda aka samo daga harshen kurame ya Amurka (ASL). Wannan bayyanar ta fara canza ayyukan harshe na matasa, waɗanda yanzu suna amfani da GSL akai-akai fiye da AdaSL.
Wani muhimmin canji a tarihin ƙauyen ya zo ne a 1975 lokacin da shugaban yankin ya kafa haramtacciyar aure tsakanin kurame a kokarin rage abin da ya faru na kurma. Duk da yake wannan manufa ta rage yawan haihuwar kurame, ba tare da saninsa ba ta yi barazana ga rayuwar AdaSL ta dogon lokaci.Kusters, Annelies (October 2012). ""The Gong Gong Was Beaten"—Adamorobe: A "Deaf Village" in Ghana and Its Marriage Prohibition for Deaf Partners". Sustainability. 4 (10): 2765–2784. doi:10.3390/su4102765. ISSN 2071-1050.

 Abubuwan harshe na yaren kurame na Adamorobe 
Harshen Kurame na Adamorobe yana da tsarin nahawu da ƙamus daban-daban waɗanda suka ware shi daga Harshen Kurama na Ghana da sauran yarukan kurame na ƙasa ko na duniya. Ba kamar yawancin yarukan kurame na birane da ke tasowa a cikin cibiyoyin ilimi ba, AdaSL ya samo asali ne a cikin al'umma mai haɗin kai, wanda ya haifar da gine-gine na musamman da kuma tsarin sigina na lokaci guda.

Amfani da shi ana nuna shi ta hanyar ilimin sararin samaniya, gine-ginen rarrabawa, da kuma alamun da ke da zurfi a cikin al'adun yankin. Harshen ba ya fahimtar juna tare da GSL, kuma alamu da yawa na musamman ne ga al'adun Adamorobe, yana mai da shi batun mai arziki na nazarin harshe.

AdaSL kuma tana nuna ƙaramin dogaro da rubutun yatsan hannu idan aka kwatanta da GSL, kuma tana adana fasalulluka da yawa waɗanda ake la'akari da archaic ko babu su a cikin harsunan kurame da suka fi dacewa.

 Kokarin kiyayewa 
Masana ilimin harshe da 'yan adam da yawa sun rubuta harshen kurame na Adamorobe sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kokarinsu na nufin adana fasalulluka na musamman na harshe da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da muhimmancin al'adu. Koyaya, akwai iyakantaccen tsari a cikin ƙauyen don sake farfadowa ko kula da AdaSL tsakanin ƙarni.Kusters, Annelies (2014). "Language ideologies in the shared signing community of Adamorobe". Language in Society. 43 (2): 139–158. ISSN 0047-4045.

Hanyoyin adanawa masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen harshe na al'umma, ci gaban kayan koyarwa na AdaSL, da haɗa harshe cikin makarantun gida. Karfafa amfani da AdaSL a cikin al'amuran zamantakewa da al'adu na iya ba da gudummawa ga dorewarsa.

 Dubi kuma 

 Harshen Kurame na Ghana
 Jerin yarukan kurame

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Tarihin Afirka
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