Tshenuwani Farisani

Tshenuwani Simon Farisani (30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1947 - 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2025) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne, masanin tauhidi, kuma Ministan Lutheran. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun malamai baƙar fata na kasar kuma ya yi wa'azi game da tauhidin 'yanci na wariyar launinariya daga diocese a Venda da Transvaal. Ya kafa kungiyar Black Evangelic Youth Organisation tare da Cyril Ramaphosa a farkon shekarun 1970s kuma ya kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar Black Consciousness, musamman a matsayin shugaban Black People's Convention daga 1973 zuwa 1975. An kama shi sau hudu, a cewar Amnesty International a matsayin fursuna na lamiri, kuma ya ba da shaida a kasashen waje game da azabtarwa da 'yan sanda na wariyar launin fata suka yi masa.

Bayan karshen wariyar launin fata, Farisani ya wakilci Majalisar Dokokin Afirka a Majalisar Dokokin Limpopo da Majalisar Dokoki. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa a cikin Gwamnatin lardin Limpopo a karkashin Firayim Minista na farko na Limpopo, Ngoako Ramatlhodi, daga 1997 zuwa 2004, kuma daga 2004 zuwa 2009 ya kasance Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Limpopo.

 Rayuwa ta farko da aiki 
Tshenuwani Simon Farisani an haife shi ne a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1947  a yankin Lardin Transvaal wanda ya zama Limpopo.  Mahaifinsa manomi ne kuma mai warkarwa na gargajiya kuma a lokacin wariyar launin fata an tilasta wa iyalinsa zama sau da yawa.  Farisani dalibi ne "mai basira" kuma ya shiga kwalejin tauhidi don shirya don naɗa shi a matsayin Minista a cikin Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Bishara. Ya yi rajista ga fassarar siyasa mai zurfi na Kiristanci, wanda ya dace da tauhidin baƙar fata ko 'yanci wanda ya hau a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. Musamman, Farisani ya yi jayayya da karfi cewa wariyar launin fata ba Allah ba ne amma mummunan hali ne da mutum ya yi kuma cewa Lutheranism bai kamata ya zama ikon siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ba amma karfi ne don 'yancin waɗanda aka zalunta.   A shekara ta 1972, an kore shi daga Kwalejin tauhidin Lutheran a Umphumulo a Natal saboda tawaye da koyarwar ta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

A wannan lokacin, Farisani ya kasance fitaccen mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar Black Consciousness mai tasowa kuma yana yawan tafiya a ƙasar yana gudanar da cakuda tarurruka na siyasa da Bishara Kirista. Ya sadu da wani matashi Cyril Ramaphosa, daga baya sanannen 'Yan kungiyar kwadago kuma Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launin fata, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai magana da baki a taron muhawara na makarantar kwana ta Ramaphosa.   Tare, Ramaphosa da Farisani sun kafa kungiyar Black Evangelic Youth Organisation (BEYO), wanda Ramaphosa ke jagoranta kuma mataimakin da Farisani ke jagorantar. A farkon shekarun 1970s, ɗaliban ɗalibai na BEYO sun gudanar da yawon shakatawa na bishara a ƙauyukan ƙauyuka a yankin da ke kusa da Sibasa, kuma ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa a cikin girman da fa'ida, ta zama Ƙungiyar Matasan Bishara ta Bishara (da zarar ta fara shigar da fararen fata) sannan kuma Ƙungiyar Kirista ta Bisharar (da zarar an fara shigar da manya).  A cewar marubucin tarihin Ramaphosa Anthony Butler, Farisani ya zama muhimmin mai ba da shawara ga Ramaphosa kuma babban tasiri ga tunaninsa na siyasa.

Bugu da kari, Farisani ya gaji Winnie Kgware a matsayin shugaban Black Consciousness-aligned Black People's Convention (BPC) daga 1973 zuwa 1975.  Ya yi murabus daga BPC a 1975 lokacin da aka naɗa shi a cikin Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Bishara a Kudancin Afirka. A cikin shekarun 1980s, ya zama Dean da mataimakin bishop a cikin diocese na arewacin cocin, wanda ya haɗa da Venda bantustan da wasu yankuna na makwabta Transvaal. A cewar Washington Post da Rahoton Afirka, an dauke shi a matsayin mai gabatarwa don ya gaji Beyers Naudé a matsayin babban sakatare na Majalisar Ikklisiyoyin Afirka ta Kudu.  

 Tsayawa 
Saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta adawa da wariyar launin fata, Farisani ya ja hankalin sojojin 'yan sanda na Venda da Sashin Tsaro na' 'Yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudu. Tsakanin 1977 da 1987, an tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba a lokuta hudu daban-daban. A karo na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 1977, an kama shi kuma an tsare shi na kwana biyu a Howick, Natal kan zargin tayar da Soweto Uprising na 1976 da kuma taimaka wa masu fafutuka su tsere daga kasar zuwa gudun hijira. Ya ce jami'an 'yan sanda sun azabtarwa da shi, ciki har da rataye shi daga taga na bene na uku da kuma dakatar da shi daga sanda. An sake tsare shi daga baya a 1977 kuma an tsare shi har zuwa 1978.

An fara tsare shi na uku a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1981, lokacin da aka kama shi da wasu goma sha tara (ciki har da wasu malamai uku) dangane da fashewar bam a ofishin 'yan sanda na Sibasa a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar. An tsare Farisani har zuwa Yuni 1982 kuma an kara azabtar da shi. Tshifhiwa Muofhe, abokiyar Farisani wanda aka kama tare da shi, ya mutu a tsare;  wani Bincike a watan Yulin 1982 ya tabbatar da cewa 'yan sanda sun azabtar da shi har ya mutu. Wannan shari'ar ta ja hankalin Amnesty International, wanda ya kaddamar da kamfen na rubuce-rubuce na kasa da kasa wanda ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da sakin Farisani.

Bayan an sake shi, FaR ya kai karar gwamnatin Venda saboda lalacewa, yana mai da'awar cewa ya sha wahala sau biyu sakamakon azabtar da shi, kuma gwamnati ta biya shi R6,500 (kimanin $ 5,000) a cikin sasantawa kafin shari'a. An sake shi ba tare da tuhuma ba kuma koyaushe yana musanta shiga cikin fashewar bam din 1981, yana cewa yana taron coci a Johannesburg a lokacin harin.  A shekara ta 1986, bisa ga bukatar Amnesty International, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai da Amurka don yin shaida game da azabtarwarsa, yana gaya wa masu sauraro da yawa, gami da wani karamin kwamiti na majalisa na Amurka, cewa 'yan sanda na Venda sun buge shi ba tare da sanin komai ba kuma sun ba shi girgizar lantarki.  

Yan sanda na wariyar launin fata sun kama Farisani a karo na karshe a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1986, jim kadan bayan ya dawo daga tafiyarsa ta kasa da kasa. Tsayar da shi ya ja hankalin duniya; Amnesty International ta sanya shi "mai kurkuku na lamiri" kuma ta aika da wakilin zuwa Venda don yin aiki don a sake shi. A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1987, ya fara yajin aikin yunwa a cikin tantaninsa, wanda ya ci gaba har sai an sake shi a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu. A watan Fabrairu, gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta ayyana shi a matsayin "baƙo da aka haramta", wanda ya sanya shi a cikin Venda bantustan, ya tilasta visa ya nemi biza idan yana so ya haye zuwa fararen Afirka ta Kudu. Daga baya a shekara ta 1987, ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don magani a Cibiyar Wadanda ke fama da azabtarwa a Minneapolis, kuma daga baya ya tafi gudun hijira a kasashen waje. A shekara ta 1996, ya ba da shaida game da kwarewarsa a tsare a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu.

 Ayyukan bayan wariyar launin fata 
A Zaben dimokuradiyya na farko na Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, an zabi Farisani don wakiltar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC) a sabuwar Majalisar Dokoki. A watan Yulin 1997, Ngoako Ramatlhodi, a matsayinsa na Firayim Minista na Limpopo (wanda aka sani da Lardin Arewa), ya nada Farisani a matsayin memba na Majalisar Zartarwa (MEC) don Aikin Gona a cikin gwamnatin lardin Limpopo. A wannan lokacin, Farisani ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Lardin ANC a Limpopo; a cikin 1998, an zabe shi a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi na lardin (a ƙarƙashin Ramatlhodi a matsayin Shugaban lardin) kuma ya yi aiki a wannan mukamin har zuwa rushewar kwamitin a cikin 2001 . A watan Yunin 1999, bayan Babban zaben 1999, Ramatlhodi ya sake fasalin shugabancinsa kuma ya nada Farisani MEC na Sufuri da Hanyoyin Jama'a.   Ya riƙe wannan fayil ɗin har zuwa shekara ta 2004,  lokacin da, bayan Babban zaben shekara ta 2004, aka nada shi Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Limpopo. 

Ya bar matsayin Kakakin lardin bayan babban zaben shekara ta 2009,  inda aka zabe shi ya koma Majalisar Dokoki.  Ya kuma zama shugaban kwamitin fayil na majalisa kan Fasaha da Al'adu. Koyaya, ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ƙarshen 2010. Ya musanta jita-jita cewa an tura shi don ya saki kujerar ga wani matashi dan siyasa na ANC, yana mai cewa ya yi murabus da son rai don ba da ƙarin lokaci ga ayyukansa na ministoci. Ya kasance mai wa'azi mai aiki a Limpopo   kuma ya kasance memba mai aiki na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP); ya kasance mai ba da kuɗi na yankin SACP a yankin Vhembe tun daga shekarar 2019. 

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
Ya auri Regina Farisani .  Farisani ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2025, yana da shekaru 77 . 

 Daraja 
A watan Satumbar 2022, an kaddamar da Gidauniyar Ci Gaban Dokta Tshenuwani Farisani don girmama Farisani a Thohoyandou, Limpopo .  A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, ya sami digirin digirin girmamawa a fannin tauhidi daga Jami'ar Venda . 

 Littattafan da aka zaɓa 

 Farisani, Tshenuwani Simon (1987). Jarida daga gidan yarin Afirka ta Kudu. Jaridar Fortress.  .
 Farisani, Tshenuwani Simon (1990). A cikin Transit: Tsakanin Hoton Allah da Hoton Mutum. W.B. Eerdmans .  ISBN 978-0-8028-0438-9. 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Mahaɗa 

 "Torture of a South African Pastor" (1984) by the Lutheran World Federation

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba