Sonny Venkatrathnam

Sonny Venkatrathnam (27 ga Yuli, 193515 Maris 2019) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan adam wanda aka ɗaure a gidan yari na Tsibirin Robben Island tare da sauran masu fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ciki har da Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, da Mac Maharaj.  An fi saninsa da yin fasa wallafa na The Complete Works na William Shakespeare cikin kurkuku. An raba littafin da yawancin fursunonin da ke kurkukun kuma ana kiransa Littafi Mai Tsarki na Tsibirin Robben. 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Venkatrathnam a Sea View a Durban a lardin Natal, a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli 1935, a cikin iyali tare da 'yan'uwa 12. "Surinarayan 'Sonny' Kala Venkatrathnam | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021. Kakanninsa ma'aikata ne da suka zo daga Indiya. Iyayensa sun kasance masu siyar da furanni a makabartar Durban, kuma daga baya manoma a Cliffdale kusa da Pietermaritzburg.  Ya taso a cikin iyali da halin rayuwa, babu wutar lantarki ko ruwan fanfo a gida. 

An katse karatunsa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma lokacin da aka ci gaba, sai da shi da 'yan uwansa suka yi tafiyar mil bakwai suka tsallaka kogin Umbilo don zuwa makaranta a tsaunin Stella. "Surinarayan 'Sonny' Kala Venkatrathnam | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya tafi makarantar sakandare a Sastri College, makarantar sakandare ɗaya tilo da aka bude wa daliban Indiyawan a lokacin.  Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, ya shiga Jami'ar Natal don samun digiri na farko na Arts, amma, dole ne ya halarci kwalejin da yamma a wajen harabar domin kwalejin ba za ta shigar da ɗalibai baƙi shiga cikin harabar ba. Ƙungiyar nazarin ɗaliban can daga baya ta zama ƙungiyar ɗalibai, The Durban Students Union. 

 Aiki da gwagwarmaya 
Venkatrathnam wani mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata ne wanda aka tsare da fursuna a gidan yari mafi girman tsaro na Robben Island. "Surinarayan 'Sonny' Kala Venkatrathnam | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021. An fi saninsa da yin fasa bugu na The Complete Works na William Shakespeare cikin kurkuku. "Tributes pour in for former Robben Island prisoner Sonny Venkatrathnam". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021. An mika littafin ga wasu fursunoni ciki har da Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Billy Nair, Raymond Mhlaba, da Mac Maharaj.  Don gujewa ganewa da kuma kwace shi, ya rufe littafin da tsoffin katunan gaisuwa na Deepavali.   An ci gaba da kiran littafin da Littafi Mai Tsarki na Tsibirin Robben. 

Yayin da yake hidimar shekaru biyu na shekaru shida a gidan yari, saboda azabtarwa, ya zama kurma a kunne ɗaya kuma ya sami fashewar hernia. "Tributes pour in for former Robben Island prisoner Sonny Venkatrathnam". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

Ya yi aiki da Amnesty International bayan an ɗage haramcinsa a watan Afrilun 1983. A matsayinsa na mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ya shirya 'Yancin Ɗan Adam Yanzu! kiɗe kiɗe da wake wake a shekarar 1988 don yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya akan cikarta shekaru 40. "Tributes pour in for former Robben Island prisoner Sonny Venkatrathnam". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021. Yawon shakatawa na duniya ya ƙunshi mawaƙa ciki har da Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Tracy Chapman, Peter Gabriel, da Youssou N'Dour. 

Venkatrathnam ya zauna a Durban tsawon rayuwarsa. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Durban-Westville a cikin shekarar 1990s. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Venkatrathnam ya mutu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris, 2019. Yana da shekaru 84. "Tributes pour in for former Robben Island prisoner Sonny Venkatrathnam". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

 Littattafai 



 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935