Canjin yanayi da yara

Yara sun fi fuskantar tasirin Canjin yanayi fiye da manya. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa kashi 88% na nauyin Cutar da ke faruwa a duniya wanda canjin yanayi ya haifar ya shafi yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru biyar. Binciken Lancet game da kiwon lafiya da canjin yanayi ya lissafa yara a matsayin mafi munin rukunin da canjin sauyin yanayi ya shafa. Yara a karkashin shekara 14 suna da kashi 44 cikin dari na iya mutuwa daga Abubuwan muhalli,  kuma waɗanda ke cikin birane suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar ƙarancin iska da yawan jama'a. 

Yara sun fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi a kowane nau'i. Canjin yanayi yana shafar lafiyar jiki na yara da jin daɗin su. rashin daidaito, tsakanin da kuma cikin ƙasashe, yana ƙayyade yadda canjin yanayi ke tasiri ga yara. Yara sau da yawa ba su da murya dangane da martani na duniya ga canjin yanayi.

Mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi suna fuskantar nauyin cuta kuma ba su da ikon jimrewa da barazanar da ke tattare da canjin yanayi. Kusan kowane yaro a duniya yana cikin haɗari daga canjin yanayi da gurɓataccen yanayi, yayin da kusan rabin suna cikin haɗari mai tsanani.

 Tasirin canjin yanayi akan yara 
Canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga makomar yara da kuma halin yanzu. Yara ba su da ikon sarrafa mahallinsu kuma tasirin canjin yanayi yana shafar su sosai. Bala'o'in da suka shafi canjin yanayi sun shafi yara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman yara daga al'ummomin matalauta. Yara suna fuskantar cututtuka, ambaliyar ruwa, gurɓataccen ruwa da karancin ruwa duk saboda canjin yanayi, musamman a ƙasashen Kudu na duniya.

Yanayin yanayi mara daidaituwa wanda aka haifar ta hanyar amfani da man fetur, sare daji da aikin gona suna rage damar samun ruwa mai tsabta da abinci, da lalata yanayin rayuwa mai aminci. Sakamakon haka, waɗannan tsarin suna haifar da Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ƙaura, da rashin lafiya, wanda ke barin matasa musamman masu rauni. Yara sun fi saukin kamuwa da waɗannan yanayi idan aka kwatanta da manya saboda ci gaban ci gaban su. Tsarin su don detoxification, tsarin zafin jiki, da kuma amsawar rigakafi, da rashin iya kula da kansu ya bar su da yawa fiye da manya. Tsarin numfashi da ba su da kyau suna cikin haɗari daga gurɓataccen abin da burbushin halittu suka haifar.

Lafiyar tunanin yara tana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar tasirin canjin yanayi na duniya. Gudun da bala'o'i suka haifar kamar ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa da gobara yana da mummunar tasiri ga yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa na yara. 71% na yara masu zuwa makarantar sakandare da 50% na yara masu tsufa da suka fuskanci Guguwar Katrina sun fuskanci rikice-rikice na damuwa (PTSD). Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa yara a karkashin shekaru biyar suna ɗaukar nauyin 88% na canjin yanayi na duniya.

Yara suna shafar lalacewar gidaje, barazanar tsaro na abinci, da kuma asarar rayuwar iyali da canjin yanayi ya kawo. Tasirin da ke faruwa a kan yara na iya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar rashin daidaito na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, rikice-rikicen makamai, da annoba ta kiwon lafiya. Tasirin canjin yanayi ya fada ƙarƙashin manyan girma guda biyu: kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, nan take ko jinkirta. Tasirin lafiyar jiki na yaro ya haɗa da mutuwa da raunin, cututtukan zafi, fallasawa ga guba na muhalli, kamuwa da cuta, da sauran cututtukani da ke cikin yanayin zafi.

Bala'o'i da ke haifar da matsanancin yanayi suna haifar da karuwar lafiyar kwakwalwa da matsalolin ilmantarwa a cikin yara, kamar su PTSD, baƙin ciki, damuwa, rikicewar bacci, Rashin fahimta, da matsalolin ilmancewa. Idan aka ba da wannan misali game da lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a Pakistan a cikin 2010, kashi 73% na masu shekaru 10 zuwa 19 sun nuna matakan PTSD, inda 'yan mata da suka rasa muhallinsu suka yi mummunar tasiri.

Sauran abubuwan da suka faru masu tsanani da aka gano sune damuwa, baƙin ciki, da fushi; asarar ainihi; rashin taimako da rashin bege; yawan kashe kansa; da karuwar tashin hankali da tashin hankali.

Bugu da ƙari ga tasirin jiki, akwai tasirin tunani da lafiyar hankali waɗanda ke barazana ga lafiyar yaro.

 Lafiya da jin daɗi 

Canjin yanayi na iya shafar lafiyar yara kai tsaye fiye da manya tunda gabobin yara da tsarin rigakafi har yanzu suna tasowa kuma suna cin abinci da sha fiye da nauyin su. Har ila yau, huhu na yara yana da sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar gurɓataccen iska tunda yara suna numfashi da sauri. Yara kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin rikitarwa na ciki, rashin lafiyan jiki da asma, da jinkirin ci gaba, da kuma cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa.

Yara a yau suna fuskantar sau uku fiye da gobarar daji, guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa, da fari fiye da yadda kakanninsu suka samu. Abubuwan da suka faru da suka faru ta hanyar canjin yanayi na iya lalata gidaje, makarantu, cibiyoyin kula da yara, da sauran mahimman kayan aiki. Guguwar Haian ta rushe dukkan birane da garuruwa a tsibirin Leyte da Samar, Philippines. Yara da yawa da suka tsira daga Typhoon Haian sun rasa gidajensu da kayansu. A cikin 2020, Typhoon Molave ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da rushewar ƙasa wanda ya lalata gidaje, ya sanya kimanin yara miliyan 2.5 a Vietnam cikin haɗari. Ya kashe tara kuma ya kori mutane sama da miliyan daya a Vietnam da Philippines.

Abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi sun haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga rayuka da hanyoyin rayuwa. Typhoons, guguwa, da sauran rikice-rikice sun haifar da asarar dukiya da babban birnin da raguwar kudin shiga na iyali tsakanin manoma, masunta, ma'aikatan bangaren al'ada, da ƙananan masu kasuwanci. Iyalai da ke da yara da yawa sun fi fuskantar mummunar kuɗin kiwon lafiya. Bayan Guguwar Parma ta mamaye Philippines, an sami karuwar yawan barin makaranta sakamakon asarar kudaden shiga na iyali. Yara da suka ci gaba da makaranta wani lokacin dole ne su je aji ba tare da izini ba don sayen abinci. A yankunan karkara, an lalata filaye, lambuna, tafkunan kifi, amfanin gona, jiragen kamun kifi, da kayan aikin gona, yayin da aka rasa dabbobi, suna shafar tsaron abinci ga dukan al'ummomi.

 Tasirin muhalli 
Yara suna da rauni ga rashin albarkatun kasa na asali wanda zai iya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru kamar fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Abin sha'awa, kimanin yara miliyan 160 suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu tsananin fari kuma sama da mazauna miliyan 500 suna zaune a yankunan da ke da yawan ambaliyar ruwa. Bala'o'i na halitta kuma suna haifar da ƙaurawar iyalai da yara. Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi na iya kara yawan rashin lafiya na jiki da na hankali.

A matakin duniya, an kiyasta yara suna jurewa da kashi 88% na nauyin cutar saboda canjin yanayi. Nauyin yana kara tsanantawa a cikin yankunan da ba su da wadata da suka riga sun sha wahala daga matsalolin muhalli. Wadannan yankuna suna ganin mafi girman cututtuka daban-daban, nakasa, da kuma mafi girman mace-mace tsakanin yara. A cikin shekara ta 2013, Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi ya tantance cewa yanayin zafi na duniya zai iya ƙaruwa da 4.8 ° C ta hanyar 2100 idan hayaki na yanzu ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Kullum fallasawa ga gurɓataccen iska yana shafar nauyin haihuwa, kuma yana haifar da ƙaramin girma don shekarun haihuwa (SGA), da kuma lokuta na haihuwa. Yara da aka fallasa ga gurɓataccen iska (ozone, kwayoyin halitta, sulfur dioxide, ko nitrogen dioxide) suna fama da asma  wanda ke haifar da karuwar damuwa ta hanyar iska da kumburi na hanyar iska a cikin yara masu fama da asma  Gurɓataccen yanayi yana shafar ci gaban jijiyoyin yara. Kwatanta yara da aka haifa kafin da kuma bayan rufewar tashar wutar lantarki ta gida, ya gano cewa yaran da aka haife bayan rufewar suna da ƙananan matakan jini na PAH-DNA da matakan da suka fi girma na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (BDNF), furotin da ake buƙata a farkon ci gaban kwakwalwa. 

 Ayyukan canjin yanayi ta yara 

 Yunkurin Makaranta don Yanayi 

 Matakin shari'a 
An sallami Juliana v. Amurka a cikin 2020 bisa la'akari da cewa masu shigar da kara ba su da matsayi don kai karar, amma an kaddamar da sabon shari'a a kan ƙananan dalilai. A cikin shari'ar Duarte Agostinho da Sauran v. Portugal da Sauran da yara da matasa suka kawo, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta nemi jihohi 33 su amsa a watan Mayu 2021 tare da bayani game da yadda suke ƙoƙarin iyakance canjin yanayi.

 Hanyoyin ilimi na fasaha 
Makarantu da yawa sun haɗa canjin yanayi a cikin tsarin karatun su. Yara da ke koyo game da wanzuwar da gaggawa na matsalolin muhalli na duniya, sun zama masu hankali da kuma shiga cikin inganta yanayin muhalli a duniya.

 Shirye-shiryen Duniya 

An ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye da ayyukan duniya da yawa don magance tasirin da ƙalubalen canjin yanayi ga yara.
+Kokarin duniya game da aikin canjin yanayiTakenƘungiya (s) Irin wannanShekaraShirin Duniya don Ci gaba da Hakkin Yara ga Muhalli Mai Lafiya
Hakkin Yanayi Mai LafiyaMajalisar Dinkin DuniyaƘaddamarwa2019–2021Manufar NCCAPShirin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa na KenyaShirin Aiki2018–2022Shirin Ƙananan Gudummawa (SGP) UNDP, Cibiyar Muhalli ta DuniyaGudummawa da ayyukan2015Taimako na jin kai na yanayiUNICEFƘaddamarwa2015Shirin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Yara, Matasa da Canjin YanayiMajalisar Dinkin DuniyaShirin Tsarin Mulki2013Yara na Yanayi na NASANASAShafin yanar gizo2010Kare lafiyar yara a cikin yanayi mai canzawaHukumar Lafiya ta DuniyaRahoton2010Canjin yanayi: Yi aiki yanzuUNICEF, YWCA ta Duniya, 'yan mata a duk duniya sun ce, FAO, 
Ƙungiyar Red Cross da Red Crescent ta Duniya, Ƙungiyar Scout ta Duniya, Kyautar Duke na EdinburghƘaddamarwa2003

 Matasa masu gwagwarmaya kan canjin yanayi 
Yunkurin matasa yana taka rawa wajen rage tasirin canjin yanayi na duniya akan yara.

Fiye da yara 4,500 da matasa sun halarci taron kasa da kasa na Tunza na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tun shekara ta 2004. Yara da ke wakiltar kasashe sama da 100 kuma sun rufe batutuwa da yawa game da canjin yanayi, gami da ayyukan kore da tattalin arzikin kore. Haɗakar da matasa a cikin tattaunawa game da yanayi yana ƙara matakin bambancin da kuma fahimtar yadda canjin yanayi ke shafar al'ummomi daban-daban da rukunin shekaru.

 Manazarta 
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