Tafiyar Atlantik ta magajin Mansa Musa

A shekara ta 1324, a lokacin da yake zaune a birnin Alkahira a lokacin aikin hajjin sa, Mansa Musa mai mulkin daular Mali, ya shaida wa wani jami’in Masar da ya yi abota da shi cewa ya zo mulki ne a lokacin da magabacinsa ya jagoranci wata babbar runduna a kokarinsa na tsallaka Tekun Atlantika kuma bai dawo ba. Wannan labarin, wanda masanin tarihin Balarabe al-Umari ya rubuta, ya jawo sha'awa mai yawa da hasashe a matsayin yiwuwar tuntuɓar teku kafin Colombian . An danganta wannan tafiya zuwa ga Mansa Abu Bakr II,  amma ba a taɓa samun irin wannan mansa ya yi sarauta ba. A'a, tafiyar Mansa Muhammad bn Qu ne ya yi tafiyar.

Ba a san takamaiman ranar da za a yi balaguron tafiya ba, ko da yake an fassara shi da cewa ya faru ne a cikin ko kuma jim kaɗan kafin 1312, shekarar da aka ce Musa ya zama mansa. Ba a taba samun bayyananniyar hujjar makomar tafiyar ko ma wanzuwar sa ba.

 Bayanin Musa 
Mansa Musa ya zauna a birnin Alkahira na tsawon wata uku a shekara ta 1324 yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Makkah don aikin hajji.  Yana  ya yi abota da wani sarki mai suna Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Amir Hajib wanda shi ne hakimin gundumar Alkahira Musa ya sauka a cikinsa. Daga baya Ibn Amir Hajib ya gaya wa malami al-Umari abin da ya koya game da Mali daga tattaunawarsa da Musa. A wata irin wannan zance Ibn Amir Hajib ya tambayi Musa yadda ya zama sarki, sai Musa ya amsa da cewa:

Rubuce-rubucen Al-Umari na wannan tattaunawar shine kawai sanannen labarin wannan tafiya, saboda wasu masana tarihi na Larabawa na zamani ko al'adar baki ta Yammacin Afirka ba su ambaci shi ba. Duk da haka, yiwuwar irin wannan tafiya ta dauki shi da muhimmanci daga masana tarihi da yawa.

 Asalin magabacin Musa 
An sami ɗan ruɗani game da ainihin mansa da ke da alhakin tafiyar.  Littafin Al-Umari na lissafin Musa bai ambaci sunan mansa ba, abin da ke nuni da cewa shi ne magabacin Musa.  A cewar masanin tarihin Balarabe Ibn Khaldun, ya rubuta shekaru da yawa bayan haka, magajin Musa a matsayin mansa shi ne Muhammad ibn Qu. Don haka, masana tarihi da dama sun danganta tafiyar da Mansa Muhammad.   

Majiya da yawa suna kiran mansa da ake tambaya Abu Bakr II.  Sai dai shigar da Mansa Abu Bakr II cikin jerin sarakunan Mali kuskure ne da ya samo asali daga kuskuren fassarar rubutun Ibn Khaldun da masanin tarihin Turai Baron de Slane na ƙarni na 19 ya yi.  De Slane ya fassara Ibn Khaldun da cewa sarautar ta wuce daga Muhammad zuwa Abubakar, sannan Musa. Sai dai a nassin Larabci na asali, an ambaci Abubakar ne kawai a matsayinsa na zuriyar Musa, ba a matsayinsa na shugaba ba. Abu Bakr da ake magana a kai dan uwa ne ga Sunjata, wanda ya kafa daular Mali, kuma da alama shi kansa bai taba yin mulki ba. Wani mai suna Abubakar ya yi mulki a matsayin mansa, amma shi ne magajin Sakura, ba Musa ba. 

Bugu da ƙari, wasu masana tarihi sun ba da shawarar ba tare da ƙarin bayani ba cewa ya kamata a danganta wannan tafiya zuwa ga Mansa Qu,    wanda shi ne uba kuma magajin Muhammad bn Qu a cewar Ibn Khaldun. 

 Tafsiri 
Ba a taɓa samun wata shaida mara gardama ta dangantakar da ke tsakanin Afirka da Amirka kafin Colombia ba.  Ba tare da la’akari da ko daya daga cikin jiragen na Mali ya taba isa nahiyar Amurka ba, da alama ba su taba komawa nahiyar Afirka ba, kuma babu wani sakamako na tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci da tafiyar ta haifar. 

Kogin da ke kan teku wanda wanda ya tsira daga balaguron farko ya kwatanta shi ne mai yiwuwa Canary Current .  Shigar da wannan gaskiyar a cikin labarin Musa ya nuna cewa Musa yana da ɗan sanin yanayin yanayin tekun Atlantika. Canary Current yana gudana daga Afirka ta Yamma zuwa Amurka, wanda zai sauƙaƙe tafiya daga Afirka zuwa Amurka amma ya hana shi ta wata hanya. 

Ivan van Sertima da mai bincike dan kasar Mali Gaoussou Diawara sun ba da shawarar cewa tafiyar ta isa Sabuwar Duniya .   Van Sertima ya buga taƙaitaccen tarihin Columbus ɗin da Bartolomé de las Casas ya yi, bisa ga abin da manufar balaguron balaguro na uku na Columbus shine don gwada ikirari biyu na Sarki John II na Portugal cewa "an gano kwale-kwalen da suka tashi daga bakin tekun Guinea [Yammacin Afirka] kuma suka tashi zuwa yamma tare da kayayyaki" da kuma a cikin iƙirarin 'yan asalin yankin Caribbean na kudu maso yammacin ƙasarsa. kuma kudu maso gabas sun zo baƙar fata waɗanda aka yi mashinsu da ƙarfe mai suna guanín ... daga ciki aka same shi na kashi 32: 18 zinare ne, 6 azurfa, da tagulla guda 8.”  

Duk da haka, malamai suna jayayya akan duk wani balaguron balaguron da ya isa Amurka, da kuma cewa babu isassun dalilan da za a iya ɗauka cewa an yi hulɗa tsakanin Afirka da Sabuwar Duniya a kowane lokaci a zamanin mulkin Columbia. Haslip-Viera et al. ya lura musamman cewa "ba a taɓa samun ainihin kayan tarihi na Afirka ba a cikin aikin tona kayan tarihi da aka sarrafa a cikin Sabuwar Duniya". Karl Taube, farfesa a UC Riverside ƙwararre a tarihin Mesoamerican na pre-Columbian ya rubuta a can "kawai babu wata shaida ta zahiri ta kowane hulɗar Pre-Hispanic tsakanin Tsohon Duniya da Mesoamerica kafin zuwan Mutanen Espanya a karni na sha shida".

 Gado 
Ga dukkan alamu Mansa Musa ya dauki shirin magabata a matsayin wanda bai yi tasiri ba.  Babban abin da ake ganin yana ta kokarin yi wa Ibn Amir Hajib shi ne, tafiyar magabata da ya yi ta kasa ta share fagen zama sarki.  Haka kuma, an yi hasashen cewa, rashin samun bayanai a cikin al’adar baki game da tafiyar ya nuna cewa tafiyar mansa wani abin kunya ne na sauke nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansa. 

A zamanin yau, tafiyar ta zama abin sha’awa.  Masanin tarihin kasar Mali Gaoussou Diawara ya bayyana cewa ya kamata 'yan siyasa na zamani su kalli mansa a matsayin misali na wani mai mulki da ya kimar kimiyya da bincike kan riko da mulki. 

 Magana 

Bibiyar Tarihi

 Mahaɗa
 Malian praise singer Sadio Diabate, singing about Abubakar II - BBC World Service Audio

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