Yaƙin Maychew

Yaƙin Maychew  shi ne babban yaƙi na ƙarshe da aka gwabza a ɓangaren arewa a lokacin yakin Italo da Abyssiniya na biyu.Barker 1971, 97. Yaƙin dai ya kunshi rashin nasarar da sojojin Habasha ƙarƙashin sarki Haile Selassie suka yi na kai farmaki a kan wasu shirye-shiryen tsaron Italiya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Marshal Pietro Badoglio.Barker 1971, 105. An yi yaƙin a kusa da Maychew (Mai Ceu), Habasha, a yankin Tigray na zamani.

 Tarihi 
A ranar 3 ga watan Oktoban 1935, Janar Emilio De Bono ya shiga ƙasar Habasha daga Eritrea ba tare da sanar da yaƙi  ba, inda ya jagoranci dakaru kusan 100,000 na Italiya da 25,000 zuwa babban birnin Habasha na Addis Ababa. A watan Disamba, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na rashin aiki da ƙananan koma baya ga Italiya, De Bono ya maye gurbinsa da Badoglio.

A ƙarƙashin Badoglio, an sabunta ci gaban Addis Ababa. Badoglio ya mamaye rundunonin mayaƙan Habasha marasa lafiya da ba su da haɗin kai da gas ɗin mustard, tankuna, da manyan bindigogi.Laffin, 28. Ya ci sojojin Habasha a yakin Amba Aradam, da yakin Tembien na biyu, da yakin Shire.

 Korem da Maychew 
A ranar 1 ga watan Maris 1936, Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie ya isa da ƙafa a sabon hedkwatarsa a Korem. Ya kai shekara arba'in ne tun daga gagarumin nasarar da Habasha ta samu a Adwa a lokacin Yaƙin Italo da Habasha na Farko.Mockler. p. 113 A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, dukkansu <i id="mwSA">Ras</i> [ nb 1 ] Kassa Haile Darge da Ras Seyum Mangasha sun yi hanyarsu zuwa Korem don shiga cikin Sarkin sarakuna. Bugu da ƙari, Ras Getachew Abate ya iso tare da sabbin sojoji daga lardin Kaffa.  Sarkin sarakuna ya raba rundunarsa gida huɗu. Ya shirya cewa wata ƙungiya za ta yi umarni da kansa kai tsaye sannan sauran rukunoni ukun su Ras Kassa, Ras Seyum, da Ras Getachew ne zai jagoranci su.Haile Selassie I, Volume I, p. 277

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran sojojin Habasha, sojojin Haile Selasie suna da makamai sosai. Ya na da rundunonin bindigu na bindigu na 275mm, wasu bindigogin Oerlikon 37mm, har ma da wasu 'yan turmi na Brandt 81mm. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da albarkatun da Badoglio ke da shi, sojojin Haile Selasie sun yi rashin bege.  Hasali ma dai, Sarkin ya ba da dala goma zuwa goma sha biyar tare da raba wasu kyaututtuka ga ƙabilar Oromo na Raya Azebo (Italiya: Azebu Galla). A maimakon haka, sun yi masa mubaya'a kuma suka amince su kai hari a gefen Italiya.Mockler, p. 116

Badoglio yana da ƙungiyoyi huɗu na Rundunar Sojan Italiya na I da kuma ƙungiyoyi uku na ƙungiyar Eritrea a Maychew.  Kafin yakin, Marshal ya bayyana cewa: "Sarkin yana da zaɓi guda uku. Don kai hari, kuma a ci shi; mu jira harinmu, kuma za mu yi nasara ta wata hanya; ko kuma ja da baya, wanda ke da bala'i ga sojojin da ba su da hanyar sufuri da kuma tsari mai kyau na abinci da makamai."  Badoglio kuma ya ji daɗin ƙwaƙƙwaran hankali na samun damar shiga yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo na Habasha, da kuma motsi na ingantattun sojoji.

A ranar 21 ga watan Maris, Haile Selassie ya aika da saƙon rediyo ga matarsa, Empress Menen Asfaw:

 "Tun da muka dogara ga mahaliccinmu da fatan taimakonsa da kuma yadda muka yanke shawarar ci gaba da shiga cikin kagara, kuma Allah ne kawai taimakonmu, sai mu bayyana wa Abuna wannan shawarar a asirce ga ministoci da manyan baki, mu kuma yi addu'o'inmu ga Allah."

Da Badoglio ya kama wannan sakon da ke nuni da cewa Haile Selassie ya yanke shawarar ci gaba, sai ya soke umarnin kai farmakin nasa. Madadin haka, Badoglio zai shirya wuraren kariya don harin Habasha.Time, 13 April 1936

A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, Sarkin Masarautar ya yi la'akari da matakin da ya yanke na fara bugewa. Sojojinsa sun kasance sojojin Habasha na ƙarshe da ba su da tabbas a tsakanin Badoglio da Addis Ababa.Marcus, 145-6. Ya yanke shawarar cewa zai jagoranci harin da kansa bisa ga al'ada da tsammanin mabiyansa. Bataliya shida na Daular Guard (Kebur Zabangna) za su kasance cikin rundunarsa na kusan mayaka 31,000. Haile Selassie ya zaɓi ya kai hari a kan shawarar ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsa na ƙasashen waje kuma a kan kyakkyawan hukuncinsa.  

Da Haile Selassie ya kai hari a ranar 24 ga watan Maris kamar yadda ya tsara tun farko, al'amura sun bambanta; Yawancin Italiyawa sun isa Maychew kwanan nan bayan faɗuwar Amba Aradam. Amma, a cikin mako guda da Habashawa suka yi watsi da su a majalisar yaƙi, liyafa, da addu'o'i, Italiyawa sun sami lokaci don ƙarfafa kariyarsu da lokacin da za su samar da tanadi.

 Yaƙi 
Da wayewar gari ranar 31 ga  Maris 1936, an kai harin. Ranar St. George Day. An fara kai harin ne a cikin sa'o'i 0545 kuma an ci gaba da kai tsawon sa'o'i goma sha uku ba tare da barin komai ba.Time, 13 April 1936 

Italiyawa sun kasance suna "tsaye ga" a cikin sahun gaba gaba ɗayan dare, suna sanar da harin da wani dan gudun hijira na Habasha ya kai. Sojojin tsaunuka (Alpini) na ruƙunin tsaunuka na 5 "Pusteria" an tona su a kan gangaren Amba Bokora na Italiya I Corps. Sauran I Corps na nan a ajiye, 26th Infantry Division "Assietta", 30th Infantry Division "Sabauda", da 4th CC. NN. Division "3 Gennaio". Ruƙunin Eritiriya guda biyu na ƙungiyar Eritrea sun gudanar da Mekan Pass, 1st Eritrea Division da 2nd Eritrea Division.  1st CC.NN. Rukunin "23 Marzo" ya kasance a ajiye ga ƙungiyar Eritrea.Time, 13 April 1936

Habashawa sun ci gaba a ginshiƙai uku na maza 3,000 kowanne. A hare-haren na farko, Habashawa sun yi ta jefa kansu a wuraren Italiya cikin igiyoyin ruwa. Haushin harin da kuma turmi mai cike da mamaki ya kai Habashan da kyau cikin layin kariya na sashin "Pusteria". Amma sojojin tsaunukan sun sake kai hari kuma nan da nan aka daidaita layin gaba.Time, 13 April 1936

 Manazarta 

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