Austin Shaba

Austin Shaba yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Tanganyika, daga baya Tanzaniya, daga lokacin da katsar ta sami 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 1961.

 Shaba biography 
Ya shiga gwagwarmayar samun ‘yancin kai kuma ya zama mamba a majalisar ministoci a majalisar ministocin samun ‘yancin kai na farko ƙarƙashin firaminista Julius Nyerere, wanda ya zama ministan ƙananan hukumomi. Nyerere ya zama shugaban Tanganyika a bikin cikar ƙasar farko na samun 'yancin kai a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 1962 kuma Shaba ya ci gaba da zama memba na majalisar ministoci.Godfrey Mwakikagile, Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, New Africa Press, Fifth Edition, Pretoria, South Africa, 2010. About Austin Shaba, see pp.  104, 105, 121, 377; about Michael Kamaliza, see pp. 104, 119, 365, 366, 369, 370, 371, 372, 702; about Kanyama Chiume, see pp. 80, 488.

Bayan Tanganyika ta haɗe da Zanzibar a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu 1964 don kafa Jamhuriya ta Tanganyika da Zanzibar, wacce aka canjawa suna Jamhuriyar Tanzaniya a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba 1964, Shaba ya ci gaba da zama memba na majalisar ministoci a sabuwar gwamnatin ƙungiyar kuma ya zama ministan lafiya da gidaje. Ya kuma kasance ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar Mtwara kuma ya zama mataimakin kakakin majalisa a shekarun 1980.

Ya kuma shahara bayan an fahimci cewa ya riƙe dukkan waɗannan manyan muƙaman gwamnati da sauran muƙamai a lokacin ba ɗan ƙasar Tanganyika ko Tanzaniya ba ne. An haife shi a Mzimba, Nyasaland wanda aka sake masa suna Malawi bayan samun 'yancin kai, kuma ya koma Tanganyika tare da iyayensa tun yana ƙarami. Ya girma a Tanganyika kuma ya halarci makaranta a Tanganyika. An kuma horar da shi a matsayin mataimaki na likita a asibitin Tanganyika na ƙasa da ke Dar es Salaam babban birnin ƙasar kuma ya yi aiki a asibitoci a Tanganyika.

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin likita na wani lokaci, ya yi murabus, ya shiga gwagwarmayar neman ‘yancin kai, inda ya zama mamba a kungiyar Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), jam’iyyar da ta jagoranci ƙasar samun ‘yancin kai.

Bayan an gano cewa shi ba ɗan ƙasa ba ne, ya rasa dukkan muƙaman gwamnati da sauran muƙaman da ya riƙe inda daga bisani ya koma ƙasarsa ta Malawi, inda daga bisani ya rasu.

 Sauran mutane 
Akwai mutane da yawa daga Nyasaland da suka yi aiki a Tanganyika a lokacin mulkin mallaka da ma bayan samun 'yancin kai. Yawancinsu sun yi aiki a gwamnati, musamman ma’aikatan gwamnati, wasu kuma sun riƙe manyan muƙamai duk da cewa su ba ’yan ƙasa ba ne. Wasu daga cikinsu ma suna cikin sojoji.

Wani memba a majalisar ministoci a gwamnatin Tanganyika, daga baya Tanzaniya, wanda shi ma ba dan ƙasa ba ne kuma ya fito daga Nyasaland kamar Austin Shaba, shi ne Michael Kamaliza. Ya fito ne daga tsibirin Likoma a tafkin Nyasa.Godfrey Mwakikagile, Growing up in a Border District and Resolving the Tanzania-Malawi Lake Dispute: Compromise and concessions, African Renaissance Press, 2022. 

Kamaliza ya kasance memba a majalisar ministocin samun 'yancin kai na farko a ƙarƙashin Nyerere kuma ya kasance ministan kwadago. Har yanzu ya kasance ministan kwadago a lokacin da yake da hannu a yunkurin kifar da gwamnati. An yi juyin mulkin ne a watan Oktoban shekarar 1969 lokacin da shugaba Nyerere da wasu manyan jami'an gwamnati da suka haɗa da 'yan majalisar ministoci da shugaban rundunar sojojin Tanzaniya (TPDF), Manjo-Janar Mrsho Sarakikya, ba sa ƙasar.

Wanda ya shirya makircin shi ne tsohon ministan harkokin wajen Tanzaniya, Oscar Kambona, wanda ya taɓa zama na kusa da shugaba Nyerere. An samu Kamaliza da laifin cin amanar ƙasa, tare da sauran masu haɗa baki da suka haɗa da Kambona wanda ba a yi masa shari’a ba a lokacin da yake zaman gudun hijira a Birtaniya duk da cewa masu gabatar da ƙara da jami’an leken asiri sun ce shi ne jagoran. Ya bar Tanzaniya a asirce zuwa Birtaniya a watan Yulin 1967 kuma ya shirya yunkurin juyin mulkin daga can.Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist?https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist

Tare da Austin Shaba, Michael Kamaliza shi ne kawai sauran mamban majalisar ministoci tun bayan samun 'yancin kai wanda ba ɗan ƙasar Tanganyika ba, daga baya Tanzaniya. Kuma dukkansu sun fito ne daga ƙasa ɗaya wadda ita ce mahaifar mutane da dama waɗanda suka yi aiki a Tanganyika, daga baya Tanzaniya, a fannoni da dama kafin da kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai.

Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne Kanyama Chiume wanda ya zama ministan harkokin wajen Malawi na farko bayan da kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 1964. Ya bar Nyasaland a cikin shekarar 1937 lokacin yana da kimanin shekaru 7 bayan mahaifiyarsa ta rasu ya tafi ya zauna tare da kawunsa wanda ya yi aiki da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Morogoro, Tanganyika. Ya girma a Tanganyika kuma ya tafi makaranta a Tanganyika. Ya zauna a Tanganyika, daga baya Tanzaniya, fiye da shekaru 50, fiye da yadda ya yi a Nyasaland (Malawi) kafin ya koma ƙasarsa a shekarar 1994. Ɗaya daga cikin abokan karatunsa a makarantar kwana a Dar es Salaam shi ne Rashidi Kawawa wanda daga baya ya zama firayim minista kuma mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Tanganyika, daga baya Tanzaniya. Su ma a ɗakin kwanan ɗalibai dayya suke a wannan makarantar. Chiume ya kuma san Nyerere shekaru da yawa tun kafin Nyerere ya jagoranci Tanganyika zuwa 'yancin kai kuma ya kasance kusa da shi a duk tsawon shekarun da ya yi a Tanganyika.

Wani fitaccen dayn ƙasar Nyasaland, kamar Austin Shaba da Michael Kamaliza, ya yi wani babban muƙami a Tanganyika shi ne Kyaftin Alex Donald Gwebe Nyirenda wanda ya zama shugaban sojoji lokacin da ƙasar ta samu 'yancin kai.

Kyaftin Nyirenda ne, a jajibirin samun ‘yancin kai na Tanganyika, ya daga tutar Tanganyika, ya kuma kunna fitilar ‘yancin kai (uhuru) a kololuwar nahiyar Afirka, domin alamta fitowar sabon zamani da ‘yanci daga 'yan mulkin mallaka.Godfrey Mwakikagile, Life under British Colonial Rule, New Africa Press, 2018. See about Austin Shaba, pp. 136, 137.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba