Albertina Sisulu

Albertina Sisulu OMSG (née Nontsikelelo Thethiwe; 21 ga watan Oktoba 1918 - 2 ga watan Yuni 2011) ta kasance Mai fafutukar yaƙi da adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Wata memba ce ta African National Congress (ANC), ita ce shugabar kafa Jam'iyyar United Democratic Front. A Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka fi sani da ita da suna Ma Sisulu, ana kiranta mahaifiyar al'umma. 

An haife ta a ƙauyen Transkei, Sisulu ta ƙaura zuwa Johannesburg a cikin shekarar 1940 kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana'a. Ta shiga siyasa ta hanyar aurenta da Walter Sisulu kuma ta ƙara tsunduma cikin fafutuka bayan ɗaure shi a Kotun Rivonia. A cikin shekarun 1980 ta fito a matsayin shugabar al'umma a garinsu na Soweto, tare da ɗaukar rawar da ta taka wajen kafa kungiyar UDF da farfaɗo da ƙungiyar matan Afirka ta Kudu.

Tsakanin shekarun 1964 da 1989, ta kasance ƙarƙashin tsarin hana umarni na kusan ci gaba. Baya ga tsare ta na wucin gadi ba tare da shari'a ba, an tuhume ta da aikata laifuka a lokuta uku: An wanke ta da laifin keta dokokin doka a shekarar 1958, an same ta da laifin karya dokar hana gurguzu a shekarar 1984, kuma an wanke ta da keta dokar Tsaron Cikin Gida a cikin shekarar 1985 Pietermaritzburg Treason.

Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Sisulu ta wakilci jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta farko ta dimokuraɗiyya  kafin ta yi ritaya daga siyasa a shekarar 1999. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar ktungiyar mata ta ANC daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 1993 sannan kuma mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar ANC ta ƙasa  daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 1994.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Sisulu a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba 1918 a Camama, wani ƙauye a yankin Tsomo na Transkei. Ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar a cikin dangin Xhosa ( Mfengu). Mahaifinta, Bonilizwe Thetiwe, ma'aikacin ƙaura ne wanda ya kwashe tsawon lokaci yana aiki a ma'adinan zinare na Transvaal, da mahaifiyarta, Monica Thetiwe ( Mnyila ), ta samu naƙasu sakamakon ɓullar cutar mura ta Sipaniya da ta sha a lokacin da take ɗauke da Sisulu.  Sisulu da ’yan’uwanta sun shafe yawancin kuruciyarsu tare da kakanninsu na uwa a ƙauyen Xolobe, inda Sisulu ta fara makaranta a aikin Presbyterian. Ko da yake danginta suna kiranta da "Ntsiki" a tsawon rayuwarta, ta ɗauki sunan Albertina a makaranta, inda ta zaɓe shi daga jerin sunayen Kiristoci na Turai da malaman makaranta na mishan suka bayar.

A cikin shekarar 1929, yayin da mahaifiyar Sisulu ke da juna biyu da ɗanta na biyar kuma na ƙarshe, mahaifin Sisulu ya mutu sakamakon cutar huhu na aiki a Camama.  Mahaifiyarta ta kasance cikin rashin lafiya har zuwa rasuwarta a shekara ta 1941, don haka Sisulu – ‘yar uwarta da babbar ‘yar kawunta – ta zama mai kula da ‘yan uwanta da ‘yan uwanta na farko, tare da katse karatunta akai-akai a sakamakon haka. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarar 1936, ta sami tallafin karatu don karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Mariazell, makarantar kwana ta Katolika a Matatiele. Ta biya kuɗin rayuwarta ta hanyar noma da aikin wanki a lokacin hutun makaranta.  Sabuwar ta koma Katolika, ta yi niyyar zama Nun ko shugabar makaranta, amma shugabanta, Father Bernard Huss, ya shawo kanta ta ci gaba da samu horon na ma’aikaciyar jinya bayan ta gama makaranta a shekarar 1939.

 Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata 
A cikin watan Janairu 1940, Sisulu ta koma Johannesburg, inda ta fara aikin jinya na tsawon lokaci a matsayin mai horarwa a sashin da ba na Turai ba na Babban Asibitin Johannesburg.  Ta cancanci zama ma'aikaciyar jinya a shekarar 1944 kuma daga baya ta cancanci a matsayin ungozoma ma. Sha'awarta a siyasa ta girma ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Walter Sisulu, dillalin gidaje kuma mai fafutuka a jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), wanda ya yi zawarcinta sannan ya aure ta. Ta fara halartar taron ANC ba a matsayinta na memba ba amma a matsayin abokiyar tafiya.  A cikin bayaninta, "Ba ni da ra'ayin siyasa. Na kasance mai ibada har sai na haɗu da Walter." Ellen Kuzwayo, ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan da suka halarci irin waɗannan tarurrukan, daga baya ta tuna da ita a matsayin "mayar masaukin baki da ta yi hidima ga mambobin kwamitin majalisar da shayi bayan dogon taro mai tsanani".  A cikin wannan matsayi, a matsayinta na budurwar Walter, ita kaɗai ce mace da ta halarci taron farko na ƙungiyar matasan ANC a shekarar 1944.  

A cewar Pippa Green, ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta ANC a cikin shekarar 1946.  Bugu da ƙari, gidan Sisulus a Orlando West, wani yanki na Soweto a wajen Johannesburg, an daɗe da kafa shi a matsayin wurin taro na shugabannin ANC.   Duk da haka, harkokin siyasa na mijinta ya sa Sisulu ta zama babban mai ciyar da iyali, kuma ba ta shiga cikin ayyukan ANC ba har zuwa shekarun 1950, lokacin da Jam'iyyar National Party ta gabatar da shirinta na kafa mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.  Ta ƙaurace wa Yakin Neman Zabe na shekarar 1952, inda aka kama Walter kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kwaminisanci; A cikin fassarar manufofin jam'iyyar ANC, "Idan ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwa ya riga ya bijire, ba za mu iya tafiya duka ba, saboda akwai yara da za a kula da su". 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918