Sonia Bunting

Sonia Bunting, OLS (9 Disamba 1922 - 24 Maris 2001) 'yar jarida ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, kuma 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa da wariyar launin fata. Bayan da aka tuhume ta da laifin cin amanar ƙasa da ɗaure ta, an kuma tsare ta a karo na biyu, aka hana ta buga littattafai, ita da mijinta sun tafi gudun hijira a birnin Landan, inda ta shiga kungiyar Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) tare da shirya gangamin neman sakin fursunonin siyasar Afirka ta Kudu. A shekarar 1991, lokacin da aka dage haramcin kungiyar ANC, ta koma ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu inda ta shiga fafutukar siyasa har zuwa rasuwarta a shekara ta 2001. Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta karrama ta da odar Luthuli a cikin Azurfa a cikin shekarar 2010.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Sonia Beryl Isaacman a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 1922 a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Dora da David Isaacman. Iyayenta Yahudawa 'yan gudun hijira ne, waɗanda suka gudu daga Gabashin Turai don su guje wa ɓangarorin yaƙi da Yahudawa.  Bayan kammala karatunta na sakandare, Isaacman ta shiga Jami'ar Witwatersrand don ci gaba da karatun likitanci.  A cikin shekarar 1942, yayin da take karatu a jami'a, ta shiga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu (CPSA),   ita ce kawai jam'iyyar siyasa mai bambancin launin fata a ƙasar a lokacin. Ta fara wani kamfen na duniya sannan ta daina karatun likitanci bayan ta kammala karatun shekara ɗaya. 

 Aiki 
Isaacman ta tafi aiki a ofisoshin SACP, inda ta haɗu da Brian Bunting,   wani matashi mai yakin duniya na biyu kuma ɗan gurguzu. A cikin shekarar 1946, ma'auratan sun yi aure  kuma sun ƙaura zuwa Cape Town, inda aka haifi 'ya'yansu uku, Peter, Margaret da Stephen.  Bunting ta ci gaba da aiki da SACP a can, kuma ya fara aiki a Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Cape Town a matsayin sakatare. Lokacin da a cikin shekarar 1950, an dakatar da gurguzu da jam'iyyar a Afirka ta Kudu, ta fara aiki a The Guardian, jarida mai alaƙar gurguzu.   Lokacin da aka dakatar da ita kuma aka sake masa suna The Spark, sa'an nan kuma aka dakatar da shi kuma aka sake masa suna New Age, ta ci gaba da aiki ga takarda.  An naɗa ta a matsayin mamba na tawagar da Ahmed Kathrada ya jagoranta don wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu, a bikin matasa da ɗalibai na duniya karo na 3, ta yi tafiya zuwa Gabashin Berlin a shekarar 1951.  A shekara ta 1953, jam'iyyar ta sake yin tsari da sunan jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP), kuma Bunting na ɗaya daga cikin mambobinta. Dangane da ƙaruwar dokokin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta zartar, ta mai da hankali kan ayyukan siyasa. A matsayinta na mace farar fata, ta kasance a cikin wani matsayi na musamman don nuna rashin amincewa da zaluncin nuna wariyar launin fata.   An gayyace ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu magana a dandalin 1955 na Majalisar Jama'a da aka gudanar a Kliptown, inda aka amince da Yarjejeniya ta 'Yanci. 

A cikin shekarar 1956, an kama Bunting, Kathrada,  da 154 wasu masu fafutuka kuma aka tuhume su da cin amanar ƙasa.   An yi shari'ar har zuwa ranar 29 ga watan Maris 1961,  amma an wanke Bunting tare da wasu 91 kuma sun koma gidanta da 'ya'yanta a cikin watan Oktoba 1958.    Shekarar da aka sake ta, an hana ta halartar taro kuma an tilasta mata ficewa daga kungiyoyi ashirin da shida da suke da alaka da su.  A cikin watan Maris 1960 lokacin da kisan kiyashin Sharpeville ya faru, an sake kama Bunting kuma aka tsare ta a Babban kurkukun Pretoria na fiye da watanni uku.   A shekarar 1962 ne aka dakatar da rufe New Age, kuma an hana duk ‘yan jaridar da ke aiki a wurin, waɗanda suka haɗa da Bunting, mijinta, Ruth First da Govan Mbeki da sauransu, daga buga su.    An tsare ta da mijinta a gida na tsawon sa’o’i 24 na tsawon shekara biyar, wanda hakan ya sa harkokin siyasa ba zai yiwu ba.    Lamarin ya sa Buntings suka yanke shawarar barin Afirka ta Kudu zuwa London a shekarar 1963. Biza na ficewa na gudun hijira ta bayyana cewa ba za su taɓa komawa Afirka ta Kudu ba. 

Bayan isa Landan, Bunting ta shiga kungiyar Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) kuma ta ci gaba da aikinta na siyasa tare da SACP.  Lokacin da aka kama Nelson Mandela, an kafa yakin neman sakin fursunonin siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu tare da Bunting a matsayin wanda ya shirya ta.  Ta haɗa kai don sanya takunkumin tattalin arziki a Afirka ta Kudu tare da mayar da ƙasar saniyar ware daga tattalin arzikin duniya, tare da gudanar da aikin bayyana halin da ake ciki a Afirka ta Kudu da halin da Mandela da sauran fursunonin siyasa ke ciki.   An yaba mata kuma an fi tunawa ta da rawar da ta taka wajen shirya fafutukar ceto Mandela daga tarzoma a lokacin da aka gudanar da shari'ar Rivonia.   Lokacin da shari'ar ta ƙare kuma aka yanke wa waɗanda ake tuhuma hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, ta ci gaba da aiki don sake su, ta hanyar "ofishin aiki na SACP a duniya",  wanda ke da hedikwata a 39 Goodge Street, London.  A lokaci guda, a cikin shekarar 1968, ta fara daidaita ayyukan wallafe-wallafen 'yan gurguzu na Afirka,  jaridar kwata-kwata ta SACP,  yayin da take aiki cikakken lokaci a Inkululeko Publications. Kusan shekaru ashirin, ta tsunduma cikin duk waɗannan ayyukan tare da yin magana game da Afirka ta Kudu mai 'yanci da kuma duniyar da ta amince da 'yancin ɗan adam a duk faɗin duniya.  

A cikin shekarar 1991, bayan shekaru ashirin da takwas na gudun hijira, ma'auratan sun koma Cape Town, lokacin da aka ɗage haramcin da aka yi wa SACP da Congress National Congress (ANC).   Bunting ta yi aiki a jam'iyyar ANC a yakin neman zaben 1994 da 1999, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kawancen Cape Town na Cuba, ta ci gaba da harkokinta na siyasa har zuwa rasuwarta.  

 Mutuwa da martaba 
Bunting ta mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Maris 2001 a Cape Town.  A shekara ta 2010 shugaba Jacob Zuma ya karrama ta da lambar azurfa ta Luthuli saboda jajircewarta na daidaiton launin fata, 'yancin ɗan adam da kokarin gina ƙasa a Afirka ta Kudu. 

 Manazarta 

 Littattafai 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001