Adella Hunt Logan

Adella Hunt Logan (Fabrairu 10, 1863 - Disamba 10, 1915) marubuci ɗan Ba'amurke ne, malami, shugaba kuma ɗan takara. [1] [2] An haife ta a lokacin yakin basasa, ta sami shaidar koyarwa a Jami'ar Atlanta, kwalejin baƙar fata mai tarihi wacce Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Amurka ta kafa . Ta zama malami a Cibiyar Tuskegee kuma ta zama mai fafutukar neman ilimi da zaɓe ga mata masu launi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shawarwarinta, ta buga labarai a cikin wasu fitattun littattafan baƙar fata na lokacinta.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Adella Hunt a cikin 1863 a Sparta, Georgia, ga iyaye Mariah Hunt, mace mai launi, da Henry Hunt, mai shuka.  Ita ce ta hudu a cikin yara takwas. Mahaifinta ya ba ta ilimi a Bass Academy, kuma ta sami takardar shedar koyarwa a lokacin tana shekara 16. Hunt ya sami gurbin karatu zuwa Jami'ar Atlanta a Atlanta, Jojiya, wanda Kungiyar Mishan ta Amurka (AMA) ta kafa bayan yakin basasa.  A nan ne ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Upper Normal College, inda ta sami karatun malami kuma ta kammala a 1881 bayan ta kammala karatun shekaru biyu.  Hunt ya shafe shekaru biyu yana koyarwa a Albany, Georgia, a makarantar firamare ta AMA. 

A cikin 1883, an ba Hunt damar koyarwa a Jami'ar Atlanta da Cibiyar Tuskegee ta Booker T. Washington . Ta karɓi tayin a Tuskegee kuma ta haɓaka abota ta kud da kud da Washington. A Tuskegee, Hunt ya koyar da Ingilishi da sauran darussa a cikin ilimin ɗan adam da ilimin zamantakewa. Ita ce ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ta farko a makarantar kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin "Lady Principal" na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. 

 Iyalin Logan 
A cikin 1888, ta auri Warren Logan, wani malamin makaranta a Jami'ar Tuskegee. Na gauraye-kabilanci, an haife shi cikin bauta a Virginia. Ya sami ilimi bayan samun 'yanci kuma ya fara koyarwa shekaru kadan kafin ta yi. A Tuskegee, Logan ya zama abokin Booker T. Washington kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin cibiyar. A tsakanin shekarun 1890 zuwa 1909, ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya tara, shida daga cikinsu sun tsira har zuwa girma. Sun kwadaitar da su su zama masu ilimi. Ma'auratan Logan sun kafa iyali waɗanda zuriyarsu sun sami ilimi sosai kuma sun sami nasarar sana'a.

Ɗan ƙaraminsu ya zama likitan fiɗa a birnin New York. 'Ya'yansa sun hada da ɗan tarihi Adele Logan Alexander, wanda ya sami digiri na uku a tarihi, farfesa ne a Jami'ar George Washington kafin ya yi ritaya, kuma ya rubuta game da tarihin Afirka-Amurka. 

 Aiki mai fafutuka 
Hunt Logan an fi saninta da aikin fafutuka. Babban sha'awarta shine bayar da shawarwarin ilimi, wanda aka gani musamman a aikinta a Tuskegee. A cikin 1895, Hunt Logan ya shiga Tuskegee Woman's Club, wanda ya zama haɗin gwiwa na Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Launi (NACW) shekara guda bayan haka.  Babin Tuskegee ya yi aiki don inganta rayuwar Baƙin Amurkawa a cikin al'ummomin gida. Hunt Logan ya yi aiki musamman a cikin shirye-shiryen da ke da nufin inganta kiwon lafiya, da kuma bayar da shawarar sake fasalin gidan yari da gudanar da ɗakin karatu na lamuni a matsayin memba na kulob na NACW. 

Ɗaya daga cikin burin ilimi na Hunt Logan shine shirya daidaikun mutane don neman zaɓe na duniya. A cikin 1895 Ƙungiyar Suffrage ta Mata ta Amirka (NAWSA) ta gudanar da wani taro a Atlanta. Saboda wahalar da NAWSA ke samu don yin gyaran fuska ga kundin tsarin mulki a kan zaɓen mata, ƙungiyar na neman tallafi daga jihohin Kudu. Ko da yake an yi kira ga NAWSA ga 'yan kudancin kudu, ya lura da bambancin Jim Crow na jihar kuma ya juya mata da maza na Amurkawa daga taron. Mississippi ta riga ta zartar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki don hana baƙar fata, kuma sauran jihohin kudanci sun kammala irin wannan aiki a wannan lokacin, ta hanyar 1908. Wannan shi ne yanayin da Hunt Logan ya isa wurin taron.  Hunt Logan ya sami damar jin Susan B. Anthony tana magana, kuma duk da wariyar launin fata da ita da sauran Amurkawa 'yan Afirka suka yi a wurin taron, Hunt Logan ya zama memba na NAWSA bayan ya sami wahayi daga jawabin Anthony. 

Hunt Logan ya yi yakin neman zaben mata a Alabama kuma ya rubuta wa jaridar NAWSA, Jaridar Mata . A cikin Satumba 1912, farauta Logan ya ba da labarin ga mujallar Kasa don ci gaban mutane masu launin (NAACP), rikicin , a matsayin wani batun na musamman game da isasshen wayewa. (An kafa NAACP a 1909.) Ta yi jayayya da 'yancin yin zabe, musamman ga mata masu launi. Ta yi nuni da nasarar zaben mata da aka samu a yawancin jihohin yammacin kasar da aka kada kuri’a a fadin jihar tare da cewa,

Hunt Logan ya rubuta labarai da yawa don Rikicin, da kuma Mujallar Amurka mai launi . A yawancin muhawararta na neman zaɓe na duniya, Hunt Logan ta koma tushenta a cikin ilimi. Ta yi nuni da cewa ya kamata a bai wa matan Amurkawa ‘yan Afirka kuri’a domin su samu damar yin ta’ammali da dokokin ilimi. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
A cikin Satumba 1915, bayan matsaloli a cikin aurenta da koma baya a cikin motsin zaɓe, Hunt Logan ya sami raunin zuciya. Ta yi niyyar zuwa wani sanitarium a Michigan don magani.  Bayan abokinta Booker T. Washington ya mutu a watan Nuwamba 1915, Hunt Logan ya shiga cikin damuwa . A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1915, ta kashe kanta ta hanyar tsalle daga saman bene na ginin da ke harabar Tuskegee.  

Shekaru biyar bayan mutuwarta, {asar Amirka ta yi gyare-gyare na goma sha tara, wanda ya ba wa mata damar yin zabe, wanda ya fara aiki a 1920. Hunt Logan ya yi yaƙi don wannan haƙƙin shekaru da yawa. A yau ana koyar da ita a makarantu saboda tasirinta, musamman a matsayinta na mai fafutukar neman mata da mata masu launi.

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 


 Adele Logan Alexander: Princess of the Hither Isles : a black suffragist's story from the Jim Crow south, New Haven: Yale University Press [2019],  

Rukuni:Matattun 1915
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba