Harriet Burton Laidlaw

Harriet Wright Laidlaw ( née Burton; Disamba 16, 1873 - Janairu 25, 1949) ɗan Amurka ne mai kawo sauyi kuma mai fafutuka . Ta yi kamfen don tallafawa gyare-gyare na goma sha tara da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma ita ce darektan kamfani na farko na Standard & Poor's .

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Harriet Wright Burton a Albany, New York, ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1873, ga George Davidson Burton, mai karbar kudi na banki, da Alice Davenport Wright. Bayan mahaifinta ya rasu sa’ad da take shekara shida, mahaifiyarta ta ɗauke ta da ƙannenta biyu don su zauna da iyayensa.    Ta yi aiki a matsayin shafi a Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Jihar New York na 1894, wanda aka gudanar a Albany. 

Burton ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Albany, sannan ta ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Al'ada ta Jihar New York (yanzu Jami'ar Albany, SUNY ) inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin koyarwa a 1895 da digiri na biyu a 1896.   Burton ta tafi Illinois kuma ta sami Ph.B daga Jami'ar Wesleyan Illinois a 1898 kafin ta koma New York don halartar Kwalejin Barnard, inda ta sami BA a 1902.   Ta ɗauki kwasa-kwasan bazara a Harvard a 1900, Jami'ar Chicago a 1901, da Jami'ar Oxford a 1903. 

Yayin da take aiki a matsayin malamin Ingilishi a cikin tsarin makarantun jama'a na New York, ta yi karatun digiri na uku a Jami'ar Columbia, amma ta tsaya duka biyu bayan aurenta a 1905. Kwalejin Rollins ta ba ta lambar girmamawa ta LLD a cikin 1930.  

 Iyali da rayuwar sirri 
Burton ya auri James Lees Laidlaw, abokin tarayya a cikin kamfanin dillali na Laidlaw & Company kuma mai ba da shawara mai karfi na 'yancin mata da kansa, ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1905.   Suna da diya, Louise Burton Laidlaw, a cikin 1906. 

James ya mutu daga cutar Parkinson a 1932, bayan haka Harriet aka nada shi a matsayin mace daya tilo a kwamitin gudanarwa na Standard &amp; Poors .   Harriet ya mutu a birnin New York bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1949, yana da shekaru 75. A lokacin mutuwarta, tana zaune a Manhattan a 920 Fifth Avenue, kuma tana da gida hutu a Sands Point, Long Island . 

 Ayyukan aiki 
Laidlaw ta ba da jawabinta na farko don nuna goyon baya ga zaɓen mata ga masu sauraron abokai da dangi a cikin shekaru 20.  Ta zama sakatariyar kungiyar Kwaleji Equal Suffrage League a cikin 1908 kuma ta zama shugabar Manhattan Borough Shugaban Jam'iyyar Mata ta Mata a 1911. Wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar, Carrie Chapman Catt, ya tambaye ta ta cika matsayi na ƙarshe na dindindin, kuma ta yi haka daga 1912 zuwa 1916. 

Baya ga aikinta na goyon bayan zaɓen mata, Laidlaw ta kasance ‘yar gwagwarmayar yaƙi da bautar farar fata da kuma tilasta karuwanci na mata farare da na China a New York, kuma ta kasance mai goyon bayan Dokar Mann ta 1910.  A cikin 1912, bayan wani mummunan harin da aka kai kan mai fafutukar kare karuwanci Rose Livingston, Laidlaw da mijinta sun taimaka wajen tattara ra'ayoyin jama'a game da rashin aikin magajin gari William Jay Gaynor na ba da umarnin ƙara kare 'yan sanda ga masu fafutuka a Chinatown na New York. 

A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1912, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban wata farati na fifth Avenue wanda ya zana kimanin masu kallo 400,000-500,000, lamarin da ya karfafa matsayinta a matsayin jagoran masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ta rubuta labarai da ginshiƙai da yawa, ta yi magana a wurin taron jama'a, kuma ta zagaya cikin ƙasar, gami da tafiya ta yammacin Amurka a shekara ta 1913 don taimakawa wajen tsara masu fafutuka. 

Laidlaw ya yi magana game da ra'ayin daban-daban ga maza da mata game da rayuwar jama'a, ya rubuta a cikin 1912 cewa, "muddin mata sun kasance kamar maza ya kamata su sami 'yancin iri ɗaya; idan sun bambanta dole ne su wakilci kansu."  A cikin 1914, an buga mafi mahimmancin rubuce-rubucenta, ɗan littafin mai suna Shirya don Cin nasara ta Tsarin Gundumar Siyasa, wanda ya ba masu fafutuka mataki-mataki umarnin yadda za su tattara kuɗi da kuma shiga tare da shugabannin siyasa na gida don ci gaba da ci gaba da matsin lamba don tallafawa zaɓe. 
Laidlaw ya zama darekta na Ƙungiyar Suffrage na Mata ta Amurka (NAWSA) a cikin 1917, kuma yana cikin gungun manyan masu neman zaɓe da suka sadu da tsohon shugaban kasar Theodore Roosevelt don shawo kan shi ya ba da goyon baya ga manufarsu. Daga baya a waccan shekarar, an yi gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na New York wanda ya ba wa mata ƙuri'a. 

Bayan amincewa da gyare-gyare na goma sha tara, hankalin Laidlaw ya karkata ga dangantakar kasa da kasa, kuma ta sa kaimi ga shigar Amurka cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Ta kasance mai ƙarfi mai goyon bayan Hani kuma ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Hana ta Jihar New York.  

 Girmamawa 
Dukansu Harriet da James Laidlaw sun sami karramawa daga ƙungiyar mata masu jefa ƙuri'a a kan wani plaque da aka buɗe a cikin 1931 kuma yanzu an nuna su a cikin Capitol na Jihar New York a Albany yana jera waɗanda suka sami "fitaccen nasara" a cikin gwagwarmayar zaɓen mata; James ne kawai mutumin da aka jera.  

 Rubutun da aka zaɓa 




 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 187
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1949
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba