Burin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa 6

Burin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa 6 (SDG 6'' Goal Global) ya bayyana mahimmancin samun "ruwan tsafta da tsaftar muhalli ga kowa". Yana daya daga cikin muradun ci gaba mai dorewa guda 17 da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa don cin nasara kan tsoffin muradun karni (MDGs). A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gaba daya makasudin shine: “Tabbatar da samuwa da dorewar kula da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ga kowa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-SDG6-1 Manufar tana da manufofi guda takwas da za a cimma nan da shekarar 2030 wadanda suka shafi manyan bangarorin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da kuma kula da albarkatun ruwa mai dorewa. Za a auna ci gaba zuwa maƙasudan ta amfani da alamomi guda goma sha ɗaya.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-:17-2

Manufofin sakamako guda shida da za a cimma nan da shekarar 2030 sun haɗa da:
 Samar da ingantaccen ruwa mai tsafta da araha ga kowa da kowa;
 Samar da damar samun isasshiyar tsaftar tsafta da adalci ga kowa da kuma kawo karshen bahaya a fili, da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga bukatun mata da 'yan mata da wadanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali;
 Inganta ingancin ruwa, ta hanyar rage gurbatar yanayi, kawar da zubar da ruwa da rage sakin sinadarai da kayayyaki masu haɗari, Raba yawan ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba (maganin ruwan sha) da haɓaka sake amfani da shi da aminci a duniya;
 Ƙarfafa ingantaccen amfani da ruwa a kowane fanni da tabbatar da cirewa mai ɗorewa da samar da ruwan sha don magance ƙarancin ruwa da rage yawan mutanen da ke fama da ƙarancin ruwa;
 Aiwatar da haɗaɗɗen kula da albarkatun ruwa (IWRM), a kowane matakai, gami da ta hanyar haɗin kan iyaka kamar yadda ya dace;
 kare da maido da muhallin da ke da alaka da ruwa, wadanda suka hada da tsaunuka, dazuzzuka, dausayi, koguna, magudanan ruwa da tafkuna.

Hanyoyi biyu na aiwatar da manufahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-:22-3 za su fadada hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa da tallafin samar da kwarewa ga kasashe masu tasowa, da kuma tallafawa haɗin kai na gida a cikin ruwa mai dorewa da haɗin kai da kula da tsafta.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-:110-4

Duk da tallafin ci gaban hukuma (ODA) ga fannin ruwa ya karu zuwa dala biliyan 9 a cikin 2018.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-:2-5 Shirin Sa ido na hadin gwiwa (JMP) na WHO da UNICEF sun ruwaito a cikin shekarar 2017 cewa mutane biliyan 4.5 har yanzu ba su kula da tsaftar muhalli ba.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-JMP20172-6 A cikin shekarar 2017 kashi 71 cikin 100 na al'ummar duniya ne kawai suka yi amfani da ruwan sha mai tsafta, kuma mutane biliyan 2.2 har yanzu ba su da ingantaccen ruwan sha. Sauran hadurran da ke da alaƙa da ruwa da suka shafi ambaliya da fari su ma sun kasance manyan barazana ga ci gaban ɗan adam da walwala.

Kamar sauran, wannan Burin Ci gaba mai dorewa yana da alaƙa da sauran SDGs.
Misali, samun ruwa mai tsafta zai inganta lafiya da walwala, wanda zai haifar da ci gaba a SDG3; kuma, ingantaccen kiwon lafiya yana haifar da halartar manyan makarantu, ci gaba SDG 4, inganta ingantaccen ilimi.

Bayani 
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (MDD) ta ayyana cewa samun ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli wani muhimmin hakki ne na dan Adam.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-7 Koyaya, ƙasashe kaɗan ne kawai suka rubuta 'yancin ɗan adam na ruwa a cikin dokar da za a iya aiwatar da ita ta haifar da manyan matsaloli ga mutanen da ke son amfani da hanyoyin doka don haɓaka ingantacciyar hanyar shiga.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-8Hatta a wadancan kasashe, kamar Afirka ta Kudu, tare da kudurin tsarin mulki na tabbatar da hakkin dan Adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya nuna da wuya a samu a yi masa hukunci.

Binciken ci gaban da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta samu a shekarar 2020 ya gano cewa "kara yawan alkawurran da masu bayar da agaji ke yi a bangaren ruwa zai kasance mai matukar muhimmanci don samun ci gaba zuwa ga manufa ta 6".https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-UNESC2020-9

A cikin 2022, OECD ta kiyasta cewa don cimma SDG 6, kashe kuɗin duniya na yanzu akan ruwa yana buƙatar kusan dala tiriliyan 1 a shekara.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-10

Targes, Manuniya da ci gaba 

Raba na yawan jama'a ta amfani da ruwan sha mai aminci, OWID.svg|yatsa|Taswirar duniya don Nuni 6.1.1 a cikin 2015: Adadin yawan jama'a ta amfani da sabis na ruwan sha mai aminci.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-:3-11



SDG 6 yana da maƙasudai guda takwas da suka haɗa da abin da ake kira "manufa masu aiwatarwa". Shida daga cikinsu za a samu nan da shekara ta 2030, daya zuwa shekara ta 2020, kuma wanda ba shi da shekarar da aka yi niyya.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-SDG6_targets-12 Babban tushen bayanai don manufofin SDG 6 da alamomi sun fito ne daga Integrated Monitoring Initiative don SDG 6 wanda UN-Water ke daidaitawa.

Shida “manufofin da suka dace da sakamako” sun haɗa da: Amintaccen ruwan sha mai araha; kawo karshen bayan gida da kuma samar da hanyoyin tsafta, da tsafta, inganta ingancin ruwa, maganin sharar gida da sake amfani da lafiya, haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da ruwa da tabbatar da samar da ruwa mai daɗi, aiwatar da IWRM, karewa da mayar da abubuwan da suka shafi ruwa. Hanyoyi biyu na "hanyoyin cimma" manufofin su ne fadada tallafin ruwa da tsafta ga kasashe masu tasowa. da kuma tallafawa aikin gida a cikin ruwa da kula da tsafta.

Makasudin farko guda uku sun shafi samar da ruwan sha, ayyukan tsaftar muhalli, da kula da ruwa da sake amfani da su.

Rahoton SDG 6 Baseline Report a cikin 2018 ya gano cewa "kasa da kashi 50 na ƙasashe suna da kwatankwacin kididdigar tushe don yawancin alamun SDG 6 na duniya".

 Manufar 6.1: Amintaccen ruwan sha mai araha 
Cikakken taken Target 6.1 shine: "Har zuwa shekarar 2030, cimma nasarar samar da ingantaccen ruwan sha mai araha ga kowa da kowa kuma cikin adalci".

Wannan makasudi yana da alama guda ɗaya: Ma'ana 6.1.1 shine "Kashi na yawan jama'a da ke amfani da sabis na ruwan sha mai aminci".

Ma'anar "sabis ɗin ruwan sha mai aminci" shine: Ruwan sha daga ingantacciyar hanyar ruwa wanda ke kan harabar gida, ana samunsa lokacin da ake buƙata kuma ba tare da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen sinadari da fifiko ba."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-JMP2017-14

 Manufar 6.2: Ƙarshen bayan gida da kuma samar da hanyoyin tsafta da tsafta 
Cikakken taken Target 6.2 shine: "A shekara ta 2030, cimma damar samun isasshiyar tsaftar tsafta da tsafta ga kowa da kuma kawo karshen bayan gida a fili, ba da kulawa ta musamman ga bukatun mata da 'yan mata da kuma wadanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali."

Halartar makaranta da aiki ba tare da tsangwama ba yana tallafawa ilimi da aiki. Don haka, bandakuna a makaranta da wurin aiki suna cikin manufa ta biyu ("cimma samun isasshiyar tsaftar tsafta da daidaiton tsafta ga kowa").

Daidaitaccen tsaftar tsafta da hanyoyin tsafta suna magance bukatun mata da 'yan mata da wadanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali, kamar tsofaffi ko masu nakasa.

Wannan makasudi yana da alama guda ɗaya: Ma'ana 6.2.1 shine "Kashi na yawan jama'a da ke amfani da (a) ayyukan tsaftar da aka sarrafa lafiya da (b) wurin wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa".https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-UN2017-15

Ma'anar sabis na "tsaftataccen tsaftar muhalli" shine: "Amfani da ingantattun kayan aiki waɗanda ba a raba su da sauran gidaje da kuma inda ake zubar da ɓacin rai a cikin wurin ko kuma jigilar su da kuma kula da su a waje." Ingantattun wuraren tsafta sune waɗanda aka ƙera su don raba tsafta daga hulɗar ɗan adam.

Ƙarshen bahaya a fili zai buƙaci samar da bandakuna da tsaftar muhalli ga mutane biliyan 2.6 da kuma canjin ɗabi'a na jama'a. Domin cimma burin SDG na tsaftar muhalli nan da shekarar 2030, kusan “kashi uku na kasashe za su bukaci hanzarta ci gaba da kawo karshen bahaya a fili, wadanda suka hada da Brazil, Sin, Habasha, Indiya, Indonesia, Najeriya, da Pakistan”.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-SDGChildren20182-16 Hakan zai bukaci hadin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatoci, kungiyoyin farar hula da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-17

 Rahotonni daga 2019 don Target 6.1 da 6.2 =
Maƙasudin 6.1 da 6.2 galibi ana ba da rahoto tare saboda dukkansu suna cikin sashin WASH kuma suna da hukumar kula da wannan. Shirin Kula da Haɗin gwiwa don Samar da Ruwa da Tsaftar Ruwa (JMP).

A cikin watan Yuni 2019, JMP ta fitar da rahotonsu mai shafi 138 "Ci gaba kan ruwan sha na gida, tsafta, da tsafta 2000-2017: mayar da hankali na musamman kan rashin daidaito."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18

 Ruwan sha (Target 6.1) =
Rahoton ya ce a cikin 2017, mutane biliyan 5.3 - wanda ke wakiltar kashi 71% na al'ummar duniya - sun yi amfani da "sabis na ruwan sha mai aminci - wanda ke "wanda yake a cikin gine-gine, yana samuwa lokacin da ake bukata, kuma ba tare da gurɓata ba".

A shekara ta 2017, mutane biliyan 6.8 - wanda ke wakiltar kashi 90% na al'ummar duniya-yayi amfani da "aƙalla sabis na asali", wanda ya haɗa da "ingantaccen tushen ruwan sha a cikin zagaye na mintuna 30 don tattara ruwa".

Koyaya, a cikin 2017, har yanzu akwai mutane miliyan 785 waɗanda ba su da “ko da ainihin sabis na ruwan sha, ciki har da mutane miliyan 144 da suka dogara da ruwan sama."

Rahoton ya ce kimanin mutane biliyan 2 ne suka yi amfani da "tushen ruwan sha da aka gurbata da najasa". Rahoton ya yi gargadin cewa cututuka da suka hada da zawo, kwalara, zazzabin cizon sauro, typhoid, da cutar shan inna” ana kamuwa da gurbataccen ruwa, wanda ke haddasa mutuwar gudawa kusan 485,000 a kowace shekara. Ta yi gargadin cewa kashi 50% na al'ummar duniya za su "zauna a yankunan da ke fama da matsalar ruwa" nan da shekarar 2025.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kasashe tamanin sun ba da damar samun ruwa mai tsafta fiye da kashi 99% na al'ummarsu.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_2014-19 Daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa ta 2017, Yawan al'ummar duniya da ba sa samun ruwa mai tsafta ya ragu daga kusan kashi 20% zuwa kusan kashi 10%.

 Tsaftar muhalli da tsafta (Manufa 6.2) =
Kamar yadda na 2017, 22% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe masu tasowa ba su da sabis na ruwa, tare da irin wannan lambobi marasa tsafta da ayyukan sarrafa shara.

Kididdigar a cikin kididdigar asali ta 2017 ta JMP ita ce, mutane biliyan 4.5 a halin yanzu ba su da tsaftar muhalli cikin aminci. thumb| Misalin tsaftar da ba a inganta ba: pitlatrine ba tare da katako ba a Lusaka, Zambia |300x300px

A duniya baki daya, yawan mutanen da ke amfani da ayyukan tsaftar muhalli cikin aminci ya karu daga kashi 28 a cikin 2000 zuwa kashi 45 a cikin 2017. Latin Amurka da Caribbean, Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara, da Gabas da kudu maso gabashin Asiya sun sami karuwa mafi girma. Gabaɗaya, har yanzu akwai mutane miliyan 701 a duniya waɗanda har yanzu suna yin bayan gida a cikin 2017. Wannan adadin ya ragu a cikin 2020 zuwa mutane miliyan 673 waɗanda ke yin bayan gida a fili.

 Manufa 6.3: Inganta ingancin ruwa, maganin sharar gida, da sake amfani da aminci 
An tsara Target 6.3 a matsayin "A shekara ta 2030, inganta ingancin ruwa ta hanyar rage gurbatar yanayi, kawar da juji da rage sakin sinadarai da kayan haɗari masu haɗari, raguwar adadin ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba da kuma kara yawan sake amfani da shi da kuma sake amfani da shi a duniya". Wannan kuma wata manufa ce da ke da nasaba da tsaftar muhalli, domin sharar ruwan sha wani bangare ne na tsaftar muhalli.

Makasudin yana da alamomi guda biyu:
 Nuni 6.3.1: Yawan ruwan sharar gida da masana'antu yana gudana cikin aminci
 Nuni 6.3.2: Matsakaicin jikkunan ruwa tare da ingancin ruwan yanayi mai kyau

Matsayi na yanzu don Nuni 6.3.2 shine:
"Kididdigar farko daga kasashe 79 galibi masu tasowa da masu matsakaicin kudin shiga a shekarar 2019 sun nuna cewa, a kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ƙasashen, kasa da rabin duk magudanar ruwan gida an kula dasu lafiya."

Kiyaye maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na halitta yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don samun damar samun lafiya da araha a duk duniya.

 Manufa 6.4: Haɓaka ingancin amfani da ruwa da tabbatar da samar da ruwan sha 
An tsara Target 6.4 a matsayin "Ta hanyar 2030,
yana kara habaka ingancin amfani da ruwa a dukkan bangarori da tabbatar da karbo ruwa mai dorewa da samar da ruwan sha don magance karancin ruwa da rage yawan mutanen da ke fama da karancin ruwa."

This target has two indicators:
 Nuni 6.4.1: Canjin ingancin amfani da ruwa akan lokaci
 Nuni 6.4.2: Matsayin damuwa na ruwa: janyewar ruwa mai kyau a matsayin adadin albarkatun ruwan da ake samu

Nuna Damuwar Ruwa:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-20

Inda:

TFWW = Jimlar ruwan da aka cire, inda za a samar da shekarar da ake nufi da ita
TRWR = Jimlar albarkatun ruwa mai sabuntawa 
EFR = Bukatun kwararar muhallihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6#cite_note-21

An taƙaita halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu game da matsalolin ruwa kamar haka: "A cikin 2017, Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya da Arewacin Afirka sun yi rajistar yawan matsalolin ruwa - wanda aka bayyana a matsayin rabon ruwan da aka janye zuwa jimillar albarkatun ruwa mai sabuntawa - fiye da kashi 70".’’ Wannan ya biyo bayan Asiya ta Yamma da Gabashin Asiya, tare da matsalar ruwa da kashi 54 cikin dari da kashi 46 cikin dari, bi da bi.

 Manufar 6.5: Aiwatar da IWRM 

Manazarta