'Yan Pakistan

Bakistan ( Urdu    , lit. '   ) ' yan ƙasa ne kuma 'yan ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Pakistan . Pakistan ita ce kasa ta biyar a yawan jama'a, mai yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 241.5, tana da yawan musulmi na biyu a cikin shekarar 2023. Kimanin kashi 90% na al'ummar kasar suna bin addinin Sunna . Yawancin kusan kashi 97% na Pakistan Musulmai ne. Yawancin 'yan Pakistan suna magana da yarukan na dangin Indo-Iran ( Indo-Aryan da dangin Iran ).

Ana zaune a Kudancin Asiya, ƙasar kuma ita ce tushen ɗimbin ɗimbin ƴan ƙasashen waje, waɗanda galibinsu suna zaune a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa na Tekun Fasha, waɗanda ke da kimanin mutane miliyan 4.7.  Baƙi na biyu mafi girma na Pakistan yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Arewa maso yammacin Turai da Yammacin Turai, inda akwai kimanin miliyan 2.4; fiye da rabin wannan adadi na zama a Burtaniya (duba 'yan Pakistan na Burtaniya ).  

 Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci 
Kasancewa daya daga cikin al'umma mafi girma a duniya, mutanen Pakistan na cikin kabilu daban-daban, tare da rinjaye mafi rinjaye na 'yan asalin harsunan Indo-Iran .  Dangane da kabilanci, al'ummar Indo-Aryan sun ƙunshi mafi yawan al'umma a lardunan gabashin Pakistan Punjab, Sindh da Kashmir, yayin da al'ummar Iran suka ƙunshi mafi rinjaye a lardunan Balochistan da Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Baya ga lardunanta guda hudu, Pakistan tana kuma gudanar da yankuna biyu da ake takaddama a kai da ake kira Azad Jammu da Kashmir da Gilgit-Baltistan ; yankunan biyu kuma suna da rinjayen Indo-Aryan in ban da yankin Baltistan na ƙarshe, wanda yawancin al'ummar Tibet ke zaune. Pakistan kuma tana da yawan jama'ar Dravidian da ba su da ƙima, yawancinsu ƴan Indiya ta Kudu ne waɗanda suka samo asalinsu zuwa jahohin sarakunan tarihi irin su Hyderabad Deccan kuma suna da alaƙa da al'ummomin ƙabilun Muhajirs ( lit. ' '   ), wadanda suka isa kasar bayan rabuwar Birtaniya Indiya a shekarar 1947.  

Manyan kungiyoyin kabilanci a kasar sun hada da Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, da mutanen Baloch ;   tare da manyan lambobi na Kashmiris, Brahuis, Hindkowans, Paharis, mutanen Shina, Burusho, Wakhis, Baltis, Chitralis, da sauran tsiraru.  

 Al'adu 

Kasancewar Pakistan a matsayin kasa ta Musulunci tun bayan kundin tsarin mulkin shekarar 1956 ya haifar da gagarumin allurar Musulunci a mafi yawan al'adun Pakistan da rayuwar yau da kullun, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri ga dabi'u da al'adun tarihi na al'ummar musulmi . Bambance-bambancen al'adu na yanki yana tasiri sosai akan auratayya da sauran manyan al'amuran amma gabaɗaya suna bin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a a inda ake buƙata. Tufafin ƙasa na Pakistan shine shalwar kameez, rigar unisex da aka sawa ko'ina,   da rigar ƙasa,  ta Pakistan. Lokacin da mata suka sanya shalwar-kameez a wasu yankuna, yawanci suna sanya doguwar gyale ko shawl da ake kira dupatta a kai ko wuya.  Ana kuma amfani da dupatta a matsayin nau'i na kunya-ko da yake an yi shi da abubuwa masu laushi, yana rufe kullun jikin na sama ta hanyar wucewa ta kafadu. Ga matan musulmi, dupatta ba ta da ƙarfi maimakon chador ko burqa .

 Harsuna 
Urdu, ko Lashkari (لشکری),  yaren Indo-Aryan, shine yaren yaren Pakistan, kuma yayin da yake raba matsayin hukuma tare da Ingilishi, shine yaren da aka fi so kuma mafi rinjaye da ake amfani da shi don sadarwa tsakanin kabilu daban-daban. Ba a yarda cewa yare ne da ke da alaƙa da kowace kabila ba kuma masu magana da shi sun fito daga wurare daban-daban.   Kodayake Indo-Aryan a cikin rarrabuwa, ainihin asalinsa a matsayin harshe suna jayayya da malamai.  Koyaya, duk da kasancewa a matsayin harshen Faransanci na ƙasar, yawancin 'yan Pakistan suna magana da yarensu na ƙabilanci kuma yaren yare a matsayin na biyu. Yawancin harsunan yanki da na lardi ana magana da su azaman yarukan asali ta ƙungiyoyin kabilanci daban-daban na Pakistan, tare da harshen Punjabi yana da yawan jama'a na ƙasa a matsayin harshen farko na kusan kashi 45 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'a. Harsuna masu magana sama da miliyan ɗaya kowanne sun haɗa da Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Balochi, Brahui, da Hindko . Yaren Pakistan na Ingilishi kuma ana magana da shi a ko'ina cikin ƙasar, kodayake galibi a cikin birane kamar Islamabad da Karachi .

 Addini 
Pakistan ta amince da Musulunci a matsayin addinin kasa a hukumance. Mafi yawan 'yan Pakistan sun bayyana a matsayin musulmi, kuma kasar ce ta biyu mafi yawan al'ummar musulmi a duniya bayan Indonesia . [1] [2] Sauran tsirarun addinai sun haɗa da Hindu, Kiristanci, Ahmadiyya, Sikhism, Baha'i Faith, Zoroastrianism, da Kalasha . 'Yan tsiraru na Hindu da Kirista na Pakistan sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin addinai na biyu da na uku mafi girma a ƙasar, bi da bi.

 Yan kasashen waje 
Baƙi na Pakistan suna da babban matsayi a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Turai, Arewacin Amirka, da Ostiraliya . A cewar Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, Pakistan ce ke da yawan baƙi na bakwai a duniya.  A cewar Ma'aikatar Pakistan ta Ketare da Ci gaban Albarkatun Dan Adam na Gwamnatin Pakistan, kusan 'yan Pakistan miliyan 10+ suna zaune a ƙasashen waje, tare da mafi yawan (sama da miliyan 4.7) suna zaune a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa na Tekun Fasha . 

 Duba kuma 


 Jerin 'yan Pakistan
 Alkaluman Pakistan
 Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci a Pakistan
 Yan Pakistan na ketare

 Bayanan kula 

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 

 Abbasi, Nadia Mushtaq. "Yan gudun hijira na Pakistan a Turai da kuma tasirinsa ga gina dimokuradiyya a Pakistan". Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Duniya da Taimakon Zabe (2010).
 Awan, Shehzadi Zamurrad. "Mahimmancin Ilimi don Ƙarfafa Mata a Punjab, Pakistan". Jaridar Nazarin Mata ta Duniya 18.1 (2016): 208+ akan layi
 Bolognani, Marta, da Stephen Lyon, ed. Pakistan da ƴan ƙasashen waje: Hanyoyi da yawa (Springer, 2011).
 Eglar, Zekiya. Kauyen Punjabi a Pakistan: Halayen Al'umma, Kasa, da Tattalin Arziki (Oxford UP, 2010).
 Kalra, Virinder S., ed. Yan kasashen waje na Pakistan: Al'adu, rikici, da canji (Oxford UP, 2009).
 Bano, Sha. "Gudun da gidajen tarihi ke nuna tarihin al'adun Pakistan". (2019).
 Marsden, Magnus. " Masu ilimin ƙauyen musulmi: rayuwar hankali a arewacin Pakistan ". Ilimin ɗan adam a yau 21.1 (2005): 10-15.
 Mughal, MAZ " Hanyoyin nazarin ɗan adam akan masallaci a Pakistan ". Nazarin Anthropology na Asiya 14.2 (2015): 166-181.
 Abdur Rauf. " Matan karkara da iyali: Nazarin wani ƙauyen Punjabi a Pakistan ". Jaridar Kwatanta Nazarin Iyali (1987): 403-415.

 Asalin Pakistan 

 Vasil'ev, IB, PF Kuznetsov, da AP Semenova. "Potapovo Bone Ground na Indo-Iran kabilu a kan Volga" (1994).
 Ahsan, Ayzaz. Indus Saga . Roli Books Private Limited, 2005.
 Mehdi, SQ, et al. "Asalin al'ummar Pakistan". Diversit Genomic y. Springer, Boston, MA, 1999. 83-90.
 Balanovsky, Oleg, et al. "Bincike mai zurfi na phylogenetic na haplogroup G1 yana ba da ƙididdiga na SNP da sauye-sauye na STR akan Y-chromosome na ɗan adam kuma yana bayyana ƙaura na masu magana da Iran". PLoS Daya 10.4 (2015): e0122968.
 Allchin, FR "Shaidar Tarihi na Archaeological da Harshe-Shaidar Tarihi don Motsin Mutanen Indo-Aryan Masu Magana zuwa Kudancin Asiya". NARTMONGÆ (1981): 65.
 Ahmed, Mukhtar. Tsohuwar Pakistan-Tarihin Archaeological: Juzu'i na III: Wayewar Harappan-Al'adun Kayan Kaya . Amazon, 2014.
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