Amīnah al-Saʿīd

Amīnah al-Saʿīd wanda aka fi sani da Amīnah Sa'īd (1914-1995; Larabci: أمينة السعيد) 'yar jaridar Masar ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta kafa Mujallar mata ta farko a Masar kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama edita a Gabas ta Tsakiya .

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Saʿīd a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1914 a Asyut, Misira . Ta shiga bangaren matasa na Kungiyar Mata ta Masar tana da shekaru 14. Ta kasance daga cikin mata na farko da suka halarci Jami'ar Fuad I a shekara ta 1931.  Ta sami digiri a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi a shekarar 1935.  Saʿīd ya yi tsayayya da rufe fuska kuma ya buga wasan tennis a bainar jama'a ba tare da rufe fuskar ba. Ta shiga mujallar labarai Al-Musawar a matsayin marubuciya. Ta wallafa wani labari mai taken al-Jamiha ("The Defiant Woman") a cikin shekarun 1950.

Saʿīd ya kafa Hawaa a cikin 1954 a ƙarƙashin ɗayan manyan kamfanonin wallafe-wallafen, Dar al-Hilal .   Ta kasance daga cikin 'yan jarida mata na farko a kasar har ma ta zama zaɓaɓɓen memba a cikin majalisar Reporters' Syndicate .   Daga 1958 zuwa 1969 ta kasance babban sakatare na kungiyar mata ta Pan-Arab League . Ta zama edita ta Al-Musawar a 1973. Daga 1976 zuwa 1985 ta shugabanci ƙungiyar buga mujallar.

Saʿīd ya mutu daga ciwon daji yana da shekaru 81 a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 1995 a Alkahira.

 Rayuwar Jama'a da Ayyuka 
Al-Saʿīd ya fara da aikin mata tun da wuri a rayuwarta. A shekara ta 1929, tana da shekaru 15, ta sadu da Huda Sha'arawi yayin ziyarar Shubra Secondary School of Girls .  A cikin 1933, al-Saʿīd ta ba da gudummawa ga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Masar (EFU) ta hanyar kafa Shaqiqat (Sisters).  Kafin a fara gabatar da shawararta, al-Saʿīd ta kasance mai sukar Duriya Shafiq, wanda ya goyi bayan kuma ya kasance abin koyi ga sabon tsarin siyasa. Wannan kungiya ce da ke wakiltar shi ƙaramin ƙarni na EFU kuma ya ƙunshi galibi mata masu girma da matsakaicin matsayi waɗanda suka kammala karatu daga sabbin makarantun sakandare na gwamnati. Duk da daidaituwa da mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi, Al-Saʿīd ba ta shiga Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ko Kungiyar 'Yar Nilu ba amma ta kasance mai aminci ga EFU.

Al-Saʿīd ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar mata don haƙƙin siyasa.Maftsir, Sharon (2025). "Amina Al-Saʿid: a liberal femocrat under state feminism". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/13530194.2025.2451278. ISSN 1353-0194. A watan Fabrairun 1951, ta goyi bayan taron jama'a na Doria Shack don matsawa majalisar dokoki don samun 'yancin mata. Bayan juyin juya halin 1952, Shafik ta ci gaba da ba da shawara ga 'yancin siyasa na mata har ma da yajin aikin yunwa a 1954; Al-Saʿīd ta amince da wannan ta hanyar dandalin ta a matsayin 'yar jarida. Ta ba da laccoci kuma ta rubuta editoci da yawa a cikin Hawaa .  A cikin wata kasida ta 1955, ta yi jayayya cewa dimokuradiyya ta buƙaci mata shiga siyasa har ma ta tabbatar da cewa mata, a matsayin masu biyan haraji, sun cancanci 'yancin jefa kuri'a.

1956 shekara ce mai muhimmanci ga matan Masar. A watan Janairu, Nasser ta gabatar da kundin tsarin mulki na jamhuriya wanda ya ba mata 'yancin siyasa a karon farko.Maftsir, Sharon (2025). "Amina Al-Saʿid: a liberal femocrat under state feminism". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/13530194.2025.2451278. ISSN 1353-0194. Koyaya, wannan kuma ya ba da damar mulkin mallaka don samun iko da kuma murkushe adawa da siyasa a duk faɗin bakan. Wannan ya haifar da rushewar kungiyoyin mata. A duk wannan Amīnah al-Saʿīd ta yi shiru, duk da matsayinta na musamman. Wannan ya haifar da karbar zargi saboda rashin yin zanga-zanga game da zalunci na gwamnati, gami da gudun hijira na jagoran mata Doria Shafik da masu ilimi a 1981.  Al-Saʿīd ya amince da lamarin amma ya ƙare ya tsara shi a matsayin kuskuren siyasa maimakon ya hukunta shi bisa ga ɗabi'a.

Duk da maganganun da ta bayar ko rashin gudummawa a matsayin mai fafutukar mata, ta yi amfani da dandalin ta don nuna gadon mata na kafin juyin juya hali, musamman ma mai ba da shawara, Huda Sha'rawi. A cikin wani edita da ke nuna 'yancin mata, al-Saʿīd ya yaba wa Sha'rawi don kafa harsashin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata, yana nuna Nasser a matsayin jagora wanda ya cika hangen nesa.Maftsir, Sharon (2025). "Amina Al-Saʿid: a liberal femocrat under state feminism". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/13530194.2025.2451278. ISSN 1353-0194.

Amina al-Saʿīd ta rubuta: "Duk lokacin da na ziyarci wata ƙasa ta waje a karo na farko ... Ina kwatanta matsayin mata a can da matsayin matanmu, kuma daga wannan, na sami kwatanci ... matsayin mace ta Masar ta zamani a cikin baje kolin wayewar duniya. "  Ra'ayinta na kwatanta ya ba da damar sanya mata a cikin tsarin ci gaba na duniya. Lokacin da ta yi tafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ta rubuta: "Duk lokacin da na je yankin 'yan uwanmu Larabawa, ina samun mata masu fama da cutar. Suna da sha'awar bin misalinmu kuma za su amfana sosai idan muka riƙe su da hannu a kokarin su don cimma rayuwa mafi kyau ... Idan da gaske muna so mu kiyaye jagorancinmu a cikin babbar al'ummarmu (duniya Larabawa), ba daidai ba ne a iyakance kokarinmu ga kanmu.

 Jagorancin Mata tare da Hawaa' 
Al-Saʿīd ya kuma jaddada ci gaba da jagorancin mata ta hanyar Hawwa. A shekara ta 1956, an yi muhawara da ta haifar da damuwa ta mai karatu game da rashin shugabannin mata masu tasowa.Maftsir, Sharon (2025). "Amina Al-Saʿid: a liberal femocrat under state feminism". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/13530194.2025.2451278. ISSN 1353-0194. Al-Saʿīd ya kalubalanci wannan ta hanyar sake fasalin jagoranci. Ta yi jayayya cewa mata kamar kanta ba su nemi karbuwa ba amma sun yi yaƙi don daidaito, suna kawo kyakkyawar makoma ga tsararraki masu zuwa.

Jawabai da yawa sun faru bayan an aiwatar da manufofin gwamnatin Nasser. Al-Saʿīd, ta hanyar Hawaa', activley ya shiga cikin waɗannan muhawara.Maftsir, Sharon (2025). "Amina Al-Saʿid: a liberal femocrat under state feminism". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/13530194.2025.2451278. ISSN 1353-0194. Ta yi kira ga samun damar mata zuwa ga jama'a, galibi a matsayin ma'aikata, kuma ta yi aiki don sake bayyana matsayin mata, iyawa da halaye na ɗabi'a a cikin mahallin Masar ta zamani. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawar da ke kewaye da manufar Ikhtilat, wanda ke nufin raba wuraren jama'a ta maza da mata, wanda ya wuce kare mutuncin mata. Duk da yake ba ta ki amincewa da ka'idojin halayyar jinsi ba, ta ba da shawarar daidaita dangantakar jima'i. Shawarwarin Al-Saʿid don ikhtilat ya wuce saitunan jami'a zuwa yanayin ƙwararru. Ta yi jayayya cewa jami'o'i sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen koya wa ɗalibai yadda za su yi hulɗa da kishiyar jinsi a hanyar girmamawa, don haka su shirya su don ayyukansu na gaba. Ga al-Saʿid, jami'ar ba kawai cibiyar ilimi ba ce har ma da sararin zamantakewa inda ɗalibai za su iya koyon ka'idojin dangantakar jinsi, wanda daga baya za a yi amfani da shi a cikin saitunan ƙwararru.

 Tattaunawar bayan mutuwa 
Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan mutuwar Amina al-Saʿīd, a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 1995, The Guardian ta wallafa wani labari da sanannen masanin mata da marubucin Masar Nasal al-Saadawi ya yi.Maftsir, Sharon (2025). "Amina Al-Saʿid: a liberal femocrat under state feminism". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/13530194.2025.2451278. ISSN 1353-0194. A cikin harajinta, Saadawi ta yi tunani game da gamuwarta da al-Saʿīd kuma ta nuna al-Saʻīd a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya ba da fifiko ga matsayinta na zamantakewa da alaƙar siyasa fiye da ka'idodin mata. Labarin mutuwar Saadawi ya haifar da tashin hankali da yawa da kuma amsa mai taken "Fighter for the Women of Egypt," wanda Hoda Gindi, farfesa a Jami'ar Alkahira, da Michael Croucher, ɗan jaridar BBC suka rubuta.

 Dubi kuma 

 Mata a Misira

 Mamazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1995
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba