Hiram M. Hiller Jr.

Hiram Milliken Hiller Jr. (Maris 8, 1867 - Agusta 8, 1921) likita ne koma  Ba'amurke ne, ɗan mishan likita, mai bincike, kuma masanin ƙabilanci . Ya yi tafiya a cikin Oceania da a Kudu, Kudu maso Gabas, da Gabashin Asiya, yana dawowa tare da kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi, al'adu, dabbobi da dabbobi da kuma bayanai na gidajen tarihi, laccoci da koma  wallafe-wallafe litatafe . Bayanan kula da tarinsa suna ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da waɗannan yankuna da mutanensu daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. A rayuwarsa ta ƙarshe, ya shiga cikin nazarin cutar shan inna a lokacin annoba da ta addabi Amurka a farkon ƙarni na 20.

 Iyali da farkon rayuwa 
An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1867, kusa da Kahoka, Missouri, ga Kanar Hiram Milliken Hiller Sr. (1834–1895) da tsohuwar Sarah Fulton Bell (1837–1915), waɗanda dukansu daga Pennsylvania ne. Shi ne na uku a cikin ’ya’yansu shida da suka tsira har suka balaga. Dattijon Hiller, tsohon sojan basasa kuma lauya, fitaccen ɗan ƙasa ne a gundumar Clark, Missouri, kuma ya taka rawa wajen nasarar Kahoka har mutuwarsa a wani hatsarin jirgin ƙasa .  Gidansa a Kahoka alamar tarihi ce mai rijista . 

Karamin Hiller ya halarci Kwalejin Parsons a Iowa, yana samun BS a cikin 1887.  Ya koma Philadelphia don halartar makarantar likitanci a Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Yayin da yake can, ya sadu da wasu mutane da yawa masu irin wannan sha'awa, ciki har da William Henry Furness III (1867-1920, ɗan Shakespearean masanin Horace Howard Furness kuma ɗan'uwan m Frank Furness ), da Alfred Craven Harrison Jr. (1869-1925, ɗan'uwan Charles Custis Harrison, Provost na Jami'ar 18 na Pennsylvania zuwa 19). Hiller ya kammala karatunsa a 1891 kuma ya yi hidimar zama a Asibitin Jami'ar Pennsylvania da kuma Asibitin Blockley na kusa.  Ya yi tafiya a Turai (1893-1894)  kuma ya shafe lokaci a Boston, inda ya sami kuɗi don abubuwan da suka faru a baya yayin karatu a Harvard .  Edward S. Morse, masanin dabbobi na Harvard, yana ba da laccoci game da Japan, sa'an nan wani batu mai ban sha'awa a Yamma, a ko'ina cikin Boston; Hiller da alama ya sami wahayi daga waɗannan. 

 Balaguro 
Hiller, Furness, da Harrison sun fara jerin balaguro zuwa Gabas da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Oceania . Su ukun ba koyaushe suke tafiya tare ba, kuma bayanan tafiye-tafiyen nasu ya gutsuttsura a wurare. Tafiyarsu biyu na farko sune mafi kyawun rubuce-rubuce; tafiya ta ƙarshe mafi muni. 

A cikin Oktoba 1895, Hiller, Furness, da Harrison sun bar Amurka, suna amfani da kuɗin kansu don nemo mafarauta Dayak na Borneo don tattara samfuran kabilanci don sabon Jami'ar Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology . A kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Tekun Kudu, sun tsaya a Yokohama, Amami, da Okinawa, a tsakanin sauran wurare a Japan, sun isa Borneo bayan tafiyar watanni bakwai daga Amurka.   Sun shafe watanni hudu suna tafiya da tattarawa a Borneo,  ko da yake ba koyaushe suke tafiya tare ba. Bayan sun bar Borneo, sun yi tafiya zuwa Singapore, Saigon, da China kafin su koma Japan, Jamhuriyar Hawai, da Amurka. Hiller ya isa Kahoka a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1896. 

Bayan watanni biyar (Mayu 1897), sun sake komawa Borneo. Tafiya ta hanyar Japan, Shanghai, Hong Kong, da Saigon, sun koma Singapore kuma suka yi amfani da shi a matsayin tushe don balaguro da yawa zuwa wurare kamar Kalimantan, Sarawak, Malaya na Burtaniya, da Tambak kafin su dawo hanyar da suka zo. Sun dawo a watan Agusta ko Satumba 1898.  Yayin da yake balaguro, an zaɓi Hiller zuwa Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka . 

Ba kamar sauran balaguron nasu ba, na uku tafiya ce ta gabas. Sun tashi zuwa Ingila a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1899, suna tafiya daga London zuwa Paris da Marseilles kafin su shiga jirgin Ernest Simon don Asiya. Tafiya ta bi ta mashigin Suez Canal da kuma zuwa Djibouti kafin su isa Colombo, Ceylon . Sun yi tafiya a Ceylon, Indiya, Burma, da Ostiraliya kafin su tashi zuwa Hawai ( wanda Amurka ta mamaye kwanan nan) da Vancouver, suna zagaya duniya kafin su dawo gida a watan Mayu 1900. 

Tafiyarsu ta ƙarshe mai yiwuwa an ɗan taƙaita ta ta zahirin rayuwa (su ukun sun haura 30 a wannan lokacin). Bar Philadelphia a cikin Fabrairu 1901, sun yi tafiya zuwa New Orleans da San Francisco kafin su tashi zuwa Honolulu da Yokohama a cikin Sir Coptic . Sun ziyarci Japan sosai, musamman Hokkaido.  Hiller ya sadu da Jenichiro Oyabe, wani ɗan ƙasar Japan wanda ya yi karatu a matsayin mishan a Jami'ar Yale da Jami'ar Howard . Oyabe ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara da jagora ga balaguron tafiya zuwa ga mutanen Ainu, don haka Hiller ya tara tarin abubuwan rayuwar Ainu na yau da kullun  kafin ya wuce zuwa Gabashin Indiya .  Yayin da yake Gabashin Indiya, zai tattara holotype na Sumatran jinkirin loris, wanda aka rada masa suna Nycticebus hilleri .  Da Hiller ya dawo gida, ya ci gaba da tuntuɓar Oyabe, wanda ya rubuta masa wasiƙu na abokantaka yana ƙarfafa shi ya gaya wa duniya abin ƙaunataccena Ainu. 

 Daga baya rayuwa 
Hiller ya auri Blanche Hays, na Bellefonte, Pennsylvania . Hiller ya gudanar da shukar sukari a Cuba don "aboki mai arziki" ( Mahaifin Harrison ya kasance mai sarrafa sukari, kuma Harrison ya shiga kasuwancin mahaifinsa a cikin 1902  ) daga 1902 zuwa kusan 1907 don samun kuɗi don banki don dawo da shi Philadelphia da kafa aikin likita. 

Hillers sun zauna a Rose Tree, a gefen arewa na Media, Pennsylvania . Hiller ya kafa asibiti a Chester kusa da ma'aikata marasa galihu a masana'antu a can.   Yayin da yake can, ya ci karo da wata mummunar cutar da ke yaduwa cikin sauri kuma ta gurgunta wadanda suka kamu da ita, musamman yara. Likitoci kaɗan a wasu garuruwa sun sami irin wannan annoba. Sun yi magana, sun ba da labari, kuma sun gane ba wai kawai suna fama da irin wannan cuta ba ( "infantile paralysis" ), amma wani nau'i ne na cutar shan inna, wanda a fili ya ɗauki nau'i mai cutarwa, cututtuka, cututtuka. Hillers suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu.

 Mutuwa 
Hiller ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1921, a Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, mai yiwuwa daga rikitarwa daga cutar shan inna. 

 Tari 
Godiya a wani muhimmin bangare ga Hiller, tarin kayan tarihi na Penn Museum na Ainu yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a kowane gidan kayan gargajiya. Gidauniyar Bincike da Inganta Al'adun Ainu (FRPAC) ta aro wani kaso mai tsoka na tarin kayan tarihi na Penn don nunawa a Nunin Ainu Craft 2008 a Gidan Tarihi na Prefectural Niigata a cikin Nagaoka City, Japan.  Gidan kayan tarihi na Penn kuma yana riƙe da kayan tarihi na 57 da diaries 3 Furness da Hiller da aka dawo daga Amami da Okinawa,  kuma ɗakin karatu na jami'a yana da ƙarin kayan aiki. 

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutuwan 1921
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1867
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba