Innu

Innu, Ilnu / assi"mutum" / "ƙasa"MutuminInnu / IlnuMutaneInnut / Innuat / IlnuatshHarsheInnu-aimunKasarNitassinan
Innu /  ("mutane"), wanda ake kira Montagnais daga zamanin mulkin mallaka na Faransa (Faransanci don "mutane na dutse", furcin Turanci: /ˌmɔːntənˈjɛ/), su ne 'Yan asalin Kanada waɗanda ke zaune a yankin a arewa maso gabashin yankin Labrador a lardin Newfoundland da Labrador na yanzu da wasu sassan Quebec. Suna magana ne game da ƙasarsu ta gargajiya kamar Nitassinan ("Ƙasarmu",) ko Innu-assi ("Ƙasar Innu").

An san kakannin al'ummomin farko na zamani da suka zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe a matsayin mafarauta masu tarawa na dubban shekaru. Don tallafawa ƙaurawar farautarsu ta yanayi, sun kirkiro alfarwa da aka yi da fatar dabbobi. Ayyukansu na rayuwa sun kasance a tarihi akan farauta da kama deer" Caribou, Moose, deer, da ƙananan wasanni.

Harshensu, wanda ya canza a tsawon lokaci daga Tsohon Montagnais zuwa Innu-aimun (wanda aka fi sani da shi tun zamanin mulkin mallaka na Faransa kamar Montagnais),  ana magana da shi a ko'ina cikin Nitassinan, tare da wasu bambance-bambance na yare. Yana daga cikin yaren Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da yarukan Inuit na wasu mutanen da ke kusa.

"Innu / Ilnu" sun kunshi kungiyoyi biyu na yanki, tare da Innus na Nutashkuan kasancewa ƙungiyar kudu kuma Naskapi kasancewa ƙungiyar arewa. Dukkanin kungiyoyin sun bambanta a cikin yaren kuma a wani bangare kuma a hanyar rayuwarsu da al'adu. Wadannan bambance-bambance sun hada da:

 Ilnu, Nehilaw ko "Yamma / Kudancin Montagnais" a kudu, suna magana da "l"- yaren (Ilnu-Aimun ko Nenueun / Neːhlweːuːn), da kuma
 Innu ko "Eastern Montagnais" ("Central / Moisie Montagnais", "Easth / Lower North Shore Montagnais"), da kuma "Labrador / North West River Montagnais") suna zaune a arewacin; suna magana da "n"-dialect (Innu-Aimun) 

Dukkanin kungiyoyin har yanzu ana kiransu "Montagnais" a cikin harshen hukuma na Crown-Indigenous Relations da Northern Affairs Canada. Naskapi ("mutane da suka wuce sararin samaniya", ː), waɗanda ke zaune a arewa, suma suna nuna kansu a matsayin Innu ko Iyiyiw .

A yau, kimanin mutane 28,960  na asalin Innu suna zaune a ƙauyuka da wuraren ajiya daban-daban na Indiya a Quebec da Labrador. Don kauce wa rikicewa tare da Inuit, waɗanda ke cikin mutanen Eskimoan, a yau ana amfani da nau'i ɗaya "Innu / Ilnu" ga Innu, membobin babban dangin yaren Cree. An watsar da nau'in jam'i na "Innut / Innuat / Ilnuatsh".

 Montagnais, Naskapi ko Innu 
Ana rarraba mutane akai-akai ta hanyar yanayin wuraren da suke:

 Neenoilno, suna zaune a gefen arewacin Tekun St. Lawrence, a Quebec; a tarihi Turawa sun kira su Montagnais (Faransanci don "mutane", furcin Turanci: /ˌmɔːntənˈjeɪ/),  ko Innu daidai (Nehilaw da Ilniw - "mutane") 
 Naskapi (wanda aka fi sani da Innu da Iyiyiw), suna zaune a arewacin arewa kuma ba su da yawa. Innu sun gane bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin mutanensu (misali Mushuau Innuat, Maskuanu, Uashau Innuat) bisa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na yanki da masu magana da yaruka daban-daban nke harshen Innu.alt=|thumb|Al'ummomin Innu na Quebec da Labrador da al'ummomin Naskapi guda biyu (Kawawachikamach da Natuashish) 

Kalmar Naskapi an fara rubuta ta ne daga Masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa a karni na 17. Sun yi amfani da shi ga kungiyoyin Innu masu nisa waɗanda ba su da ikon tasirin mishan na Katolika. An yi amfani da shi musamman ga mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasashen da ke kan iyaka da Ungava Bay da arewacin Labrador, kusa da al'ummomin Inuit na arewacin Quebec da arewacin labrador. A hankali ya zo ya koma ga mutanen da aka sani a yau da Naskapi First Nation .

Naskapi al'adun gargajiya ne, ya bambanta da Montagnais masu zaman kansu, waɗanda suka kafa yankuna masu zaman kansu.

Mushuau Innuat (jama'a), yayin da yake da alaƙa da Naskapi, ya rabu da kabilar a cikin shekarun 1900. Sun kasance ƙarƙashin shirin sake komawa gwamnati a Davis Inlet . Wasu daga cikin iyalai na Naskapi Nation na Kawawachikamach suna da dangi na kusa a ƙauyen Cree na Whapmagoostui, a gabashin gabar Hudson Bay.

Tun daga shekara ta 1990, mutanen Montagnais sun zaɓi a kira su Innu, wanda ke nufin Mutumin a cikin Innu-aimun. Naskapi sun ci gaba da amfani da kalmar Naskapi.

 Al'ummomin Innu 

 Al'ummomin Labrador 
MutanenYawan jama'a (2024) Tsaro ko TsaroGidauniyarA kan yawan jama'a (2024) Yankin ajiyahaacremurabba'in miMushuau Innu Al'umma ta farko1,210Natuashish 21,115|Sheshatshiu Al'umma ta farko1,994Sheshatshiu1,773|

 Al'ummomin Quebec 

 Kwamitin kabilanci na Mamit Innuat 
Kimanin mambobi 3,700
Mutanen da ke zauneYawan jama'a (2024) Tsaro ko TsaroGidauniyarA kan yawan jama'a (2024) Yankin ajiyahaacremurabba'in miInnus na Ekuanitshit732Mingan672|Al'ummar Innu ta farko ta Nutashkuan1,274Nutashkuan1,148|Montagnais na Pakua Shipi (St-Augustin Indian Settlement)  413Pakuashipi41|Mutanen tsaunuka na Unamen Shipu1,286Romawa 21,135|

 Majalisar ƙabilar Mamuitun 
Fiye da mambobi 23,000
Mutanen da ke zauneYawan jama'a (2024) Tsaro ko TsaroGidauniyarA kan yawan jama'a (2024) Yankin ajiyahaacremurabba'in miAl'ummar Innu ta Matimekush-Lac John1,065Lac-John3,621| Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam5,039Maliotenam 27A3,621|Innue Essipit2,032Innue Essipit261|Al'ummar farko ta Pekuakamiulnuatsh11,037Mashteuiatsh2,115|Pessamit Innu Band4,185Betsiamites (Pessamit) 2,849|
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