F. Burge Griswold

F. Burge Griswold (née, Burge; bayan auren farko, Smith; bayan auren na biyu, Griswold; sunayen alkalami, F.F. Burge Smith, Mrs. S. B. Phelps, Fan-Fan; Afrilu 28, 1826 - Nuwamba 11, 1900) marubuciya ce ta Amurka ta ƙarni na 19. Ta rubuta labarun Makarantar Lahadi da sauran ayyukan addini, daga cikinsu akwai jerin Bishop da Nanette, da Miriam's Reward .  Sauran shahararrun rubuce-rubuce sune Labaran Fans-Fan da Barci. Griswold ya mutu a shekara ta 1900.

 Rayuwar farko da iyali 
An haifi Frances Irene Burge a Wickford, Rhode Island, Afrilu 28, 1826.  Ta kasance 'yar Rev. Lemuel Burge da Elizabeth Frances Shaw . Ta girma a cikin Ikilisiyar St Paul's Narragansett, wanda mahaifinta ya kasance shugaban shekaru 20,  bayan an zabe ta sau uku a wannan fastoci. Griswold ta fito, a gefen mahaifinta, daga Mucklestons na Muckleston Manor, Oswestry, kuma a gefen mahaifiyarta, daga Brentons na Hammersmith, Ingila. Ta kasance zuriyar Roger Williams, Gwamna Samuel Cranston, da Gwamna William Brenton, kuma tana da alaƙa da Admiral Jahleel Brenton, na Sojojin Ruwa na Burtaniya.

 Ayyuka 
Griswold ta fara buga aikinta na wallafe-wallafen a shekara ta 1853, kuma, a shekara ta 1893, ta buga kundin 32, ban da labarai masu yawa don jaridu da sauran jaridu. Wataƙila mafi yawan sanannun littattafanta sune jerin Bishop da Nanette, waɗanda, a matsayin cikakkiyar bayani game da Littafin Addu'a ta Jama'a, an yi amfani da su a cikin manyan ɗalibai na makarantun Episcopal Sunday; Sister Eleanor's Brood, labarin fitilu da inuwa na rayuwar dangin malamin ƙasa, wanda aka yi amfani da yanayin mai tausayi, mai kyakkyawan fata na aikin marubucin, kuma wanda aka fahimta da adadi, a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin mayafi na mahaifiyarta, da ainihin kwarewar mahaifiyarta. Griswold ta kasance mai kishin Episcopalian, kuma cocin koyaushe yana da mahimmanci a gare ta. Waƙoƙin Kirsimeti da Ista sun wakilci aikin waka mafi ƙarewa.

 Rayuwar mutum 
Griswold ya yi aure sau biyu. Bayan mutuwar mijinta na farko, Allen N. Smith, na Stockbridge, Massachusetts, ta yi aure, a 1885, daya daga cikin danginta na nesa, Alkalin Elias Griswold, na Maryland (ko na Washington). Littafinta na karshe, mai taken Old Wickford, the Venice of America, an buga shi a wannan shekarar ta kamfanin Young Churchman, na Milwaukee.

Alkalin Griswold ya shafe kwanakin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a Brooklyn, New York, gidan ta hanyar shekaru da yawa na iyalin Mrs. Griswold, inda ta ci gaba da zama. Yawancin littattafanta an rubuta su ne a ƙarƙashin sunan "F. Burge Smith",  kuma wasu a ƙarƙashin "Mrs. S. B. Phelps",  kodayake sunanta da ta fi so shi ne "Fan-Fan". Ta mutu a Wickford, a ranar Lahadi, 11 ga Nuwamba, 1900. 

 Ayyukan da aka zaɓa 

 Kyautar Miriam
 Labaran bishiyar Elm, 1856
 Nina: ko, Rayuwa ta Rayuwa: labarin da aka kafa akan gaskiya  , 1861
 Barci, 1871
 Yaron 'yar'uwar Eleanor, 1872
 Bishop da Nannette, 1874
 Barci; kalmomin ta'aziyya ga waɗanda suka mutu, 1876
 Tsohon Wickford: Venice na Amurka , 1900

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 



 Haɗin waje 

 Ayyukan da suka shafiMace ta Karni / Frances Irene B. Griswolda Wikisource
 Works by F. Burge GriswoldaShirin Gutenberg
 Works by or about F. Burge Griswolda cikinTarihin Intanet