Nettie Lee Benson

Nettie Lee Benson (an haife ta ne a watan Janairu 15, na shekara ta 1905 - Yuni 24, 1993) Malamar Amurka ce, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, kuma mai adana bayanai a Texas . Ta yi aiki a Latin American Collection a Jami'ar Texas na tsawon shekaru 34, daga baya aka sake masa suna Benson Latin American Collection don girmama ta. Bayan 1949, ta koyar da tarihi da kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a lokaci guda tare da aikinta na gudanar da tarin Latin Amurka. Ta kuma kafa shirin digiri na biyu a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu don kwararru a Latin Amurka.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Nettie Lee Benson a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1905, a Arcadia, Texas, ga Jasper William da Vora Ann (née Reddell) Benson . Iyalinta sun koma Sinton, Texas, lokacin da take kimanin shekaru uku. name="hto"> Bensons iyali ne na manoma, suna kula da karamin ranch da shuka kayan lambu a yankin Sinton. Nettie ta girma tare da 'yar'uwa ɗaya, 'yan'uwa maza biyu, da' yan'uwa maza uku. Mahaifinta, Jasper, wanda aka fi sani da "J. W.", ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin wakilin aikin gona na San Patricio County. Vora, mahaifiyarta, ta kasance malamar makaranta kafin aure, kuma tana karanta littattafai ga 'ya'yanta a kai a kai. Duk da haka Benson da 'yan uwanta sun shiga wasanni kuma sun yi kiɗa, tare da Benson yana wasa da sarewa.

Tare da iyali da kasuwanci masu girma, sun koma babban gida tare da ƙarin ƙasa, inda suka kula da garken shanu da ke kula da jariri. J. W. ya shuka citrus da itatuwan dabino, har ma da dasa shuke-shuke don ƙirƙirar hybrids, ƙwarewar da ya koya wa Nettie.Crawford and Ragsdale (1998), pp. 175176. Benson ta kammala karatu a matsayin mai gabatar da jawabi a makarantar sakandare ta gida a 1922. Ta yi karatun Mutanen Espanya kuma ta shiga cikin ayyuka daban-daban na waje, yayin da take memba mai aiki a cocin Presbyterian na gida.<ref> name="hto"><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGutiérrez-Witt2016">Gutiérrez-Witt, Laura (June 9, 2016). "Benson, Nettie Lee". Handbook of Texas Online'''. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 13, 2020.</cite></ref>

Benson earned an academic scholarship and joined her sister Jennie at Texas Presbyterian College. name="Ragsdale 1998 pp. 177">Crawford and Ragsdale (1998), pp. 177178. She enrolled at the University of Texas, where a course on Spanish North American history given by Charles W. Hackett in 1925 inspired her to pursue the study of Mexico.<ref> name="hto"><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGutiérrez-Witt2016">Gutiérrez-Witt, Laura (June 9, 2016). "Benson, Nettie Lee". Handbook of Texas Online'. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 13, 2020.</cite></ref> The same year, she left the university and accepted a teaching position at the Instituto Inglés-Español in Monterrey, Mexico, where she taught for two years. Returning to Austin, she completed her baccalaureate in 1929, graduating with honors.  She taught for over a decade in Ingleside, Texas, after which she returned to the University of Texas in order to attend graduate school. name="librarian"> She was still teaching school in Ingleside when she earned her master's degree in 1936. Her thesis was The Preconstitutional Regime of Venustiano Carranza, 1913–1917''. However, she moved to Austin in 1941 in order to help her nephew adjust as a new student at the University of Texas, after which she started a new career path with an increased focus on studying Latin American history.

A shekara ta 1942 ta fara aiki a tarin Latin Amurka. Yayinda take shiga a matsayin dalibi mai digiri, ta sami ƙwarewa a cikin sayen ɗakin karatu kuma ta yi amfani da wannan ilimin yayin tafiye-tafiye a duk faɗin Latin Amurka.Gutiérrez-Witt, Laura (June 9, 2016). "Benson, Nettie Lee". ''Handbook of Texas Online'''. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Shekaru biyu bayan haka ta yi tafiya a kudancin iyakar don yin bincike a cikin shekaru na farko bayan 'Yancin kai na Mexico, tana nazarin lokacin tsakanin 1820 da 1824 a matsayin batun don rubutun ta. Ta rubuta The Provincial Deputation in Mexico: Precursor of the Mexican Federal State yayin da take aiwatar da aikinta na cikakken lokaci a Latin American Collection. A watan Yunin 1949, ta gama rubutun, wanda aka buga a Birnin Mexico a matsayin El Fondo de Cultura Económico kuma aka sake buga shi a 1992 a matsayin The Provincial Deputation in Mexico: Harbinger of Political Economy, Independence, and Federalism . 

A cikin 1960, Benson ta fadada aikinta. Yayinda take aiki a matsayin darektan tarin Latin Amurka, ta koyar da darussan kimiyya da tarihi a ɗakin karatu. A wannan shekarar, ta yarda da alƙawari ga Latin American Cooperative Acquisitions Project (LACAP), wanda ya sa ta yi tafiya a duk faɗin Latin Amurka don neman littattafai don ɗakunan karatu a duk faɗakarwa a Amurka. A halin yanzu, ta sami goyon baya daga shugaban Jami'ar Texas Harry Ransom, wanda ya amince da sabon kasafin kudin sayen ɗakin karatu na $ 25,000.Crawford and Ragsdale (1998), pp. 180181. Ta kuma kafa shirin digiri na biyu a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a jami'ar ga kwararru na Latin Amurka. Farawa a shekara ta 1964, ta koyar da darussan wannan shirin har zuwa shekara ta 1971. name="librarian">Gutiérrez-Witt, Laura (Winter 1994). "Nettie Lee Benson, Librarian". Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos. 10 (1): 15–17. doi:10.2307/1051964. JSTOR 1051964. A shekara ta 1969, an sake amfani da ita saboda kwarewarta a cikin sayen Latin Amurka. An gayyace ta ta shiga a matsayin memba na Majalisar Duniya ta Fasaha ta zamani, inda aka ba ta aiki tare da samun littattafan fasaha na Latin Amurka don wuraren adana bayanai 23 a Amurka. Benson ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1975.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
Benson ta karbi bakuncin baƙi masu yawa a gidanta a Austin, gami da masu bincike da marubuta. Ta kuma bude gidanta ga 'yan uwanta da' yan uwanta waɗanda ke halartar Jami'ar Texas.Crawford and Ragsdale (1998), pp. 183184.

 Mutuwa da gado 
Mexico ta ba Benson lambar yabo ta Order of the Aztec Eagle a shekarar 1979.  name="humanities">

Benson ta mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1993. Benson Latin American Collection, ɗakin karatu wanda ke ɗauke da sunanta, ya girma ya haɗa da littattafai sama da miliyan 1, hotuna sama da 100,000, taswira sama da 20,000, sama da ƙafa 8,000 na kayan ajiya, da kuma babban tarin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da multimedia. A shekara ta 1954, shekaru goma sha biyu cikin hidimarta a matsayin darektan tarin, ajiyar ta riƙe kundin 67,000. A lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1975, tarin ya ƙidaya sama da kundin 305,000.

 Ayyukan da aka zaɓa 





 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905