Harshen Luna

Luna (ko Luna Inkongo) yare ne na Bantu na gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Guthrie ya sanya shi ga ƙungiyar da ake kira Songe (L.20), mai yiwuwa yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Luban da Ahmed ya kafa (1995), kamar yawancin sauran yarukan Songe, kodayake ba a magance shi ba. Ruhlen (1987) ya yarda da sanya shi tare da yarukan Luban.

 Fasahar sauti 
+Wata consonants BiyuwaHanci da hakoraAlveolarPostalveolar / PalatalVelarPlosiveRashin muryaptkMaganabdgRashin lafiyat͡ʃ Fricativefsʃ mnŋ <ñ>Semivowelj wHanyar gefenl
/g/ koyaushe ana amfani da shi, kuma k kusan koyaushe ana amfani dashi. /p/ an gane shi azaman [Φ] idan ba ya bin /m/.
+Sautin wata A gabaTsakaninKomawaKusaiuTsakanin Tsakiyaɪ <ǐ>əoBude-tsakiyaɛ <e>OAyyukan da aka yi amfani da suBudeaɒ <ǒ>
Damuwa yawanci yakan fada a kan sashi na ƙarshe.

 Harshen harshe 
Kamar yadda ya saba da harsunan Bantu, Luna tana amfani da tsarin aji-aji wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar prefixes. Za'a iya kafa alamar 'cewa, yon' ta hanyar ƙara prefix yi- zuwa nau'in. Wadannan an bayyana su a kasa:
+Gabatarwar ajiƊalibinMai banbanciYawancin mutaneDangi / wakilin mutum ɗayaDangi / wakilin jam'iKasancewa da mallaka
na musammanKasancewa da mallaka
jam'iBayyanawa1di-, bu-, bwa-, bo-, ku-ma-, ø-bu-, di-, ku-a- -radio, -abu, -aku -aoSanyi, koku, aa2ka-kai-ka-kai- -ako -atuSai dai, ya yi tafiya3ki-bi-ki-bi- -akio -abiok (i) eki, sha4lu-, lo-, lwo-N-lu-i-, y-, yi- -alu -azuLuusi, ku5mu-rabin-u- (kafin ma'anar), V̆- (kafar sautin)  -au -azuko, yei6mwo-Mi- -au -azu7mu-, ø-ba-u- (kafin ma'anar), a- (kafar wasula) ba- -anci, -enci (bayan ni)  -abokai, Baba8ø-ø-i-, y-, yi- -na dā -abokai, ku
Bugu da ƙari, akwai prefixes uku na locative / adverbial, waɗannan su ne ku- (a wani wuri, motsi zuwa wani abu), mu- (motsi cikin wani abu, cikin wani abu), da pa- (kusa da ko kan, kusantar wani abu).

Ana gabatar da sunayen suna a gaban aikatau a gaban lokacin (sai dai don nau'in manufa, wanda aka sanya kai tsaye a gaban tushen aikatau) da kuma tushen aikatau. Sunayen mallaka gabaɗaya suna bin sunan da suke da shi. Su ne kamar haka.
+Wakilan mutumMutuminMai zaman kansaBatunAbubuwan da aka yi amfani da suAn ƙi shiKasancewa da mallakaTunanin tunani1SGmemengu-, n-, m-ki- -A cikinmikyemi2SGya kamata ya kamata ya biyau-ku-ku- -mutuminMikyebe3SGyeiu-, a-mu-ka- -tsohon/-enciMikyenci1PLkokokai-katu- -ecumikyecu2PLba tare da wani batsirara-Tsebe- -enuMikyyu3PLMafarkiba-kaba- -abomikyeabo
Ngu- shine mutum na farko mai suna prefix sai dai kafin -di 'don zama' (ndi 'Ni') -bili 'don sani' (mbili 'Na sani') kuma a cikin halin yanzu na ci gaba na aikatau, wanda aka nuna ta tana- (n-tana-nanga 'Ina ƙauna') da kuma kafin abu infixes. Idan akwai wani abu na kai tsaye da kai tsaye, an sanya abu na kai a kai a cikin matsayin abu kuma an motsa abu kai tsaye zuwa ƙarshen aikatau.Za'a iya bayyana ci gaba na yanzu da na baya ta amfani da -di mu + aikatau mara iyaka, a zahiri don 'kasancewa cikin yin.' Wakilan suna daidai da wakilan batun lokacin da batun, kuma sun koma bayan wakilin abu lokacin da abu yake.  (misali ngwakadya bukula 'Na ci gari' > bukula bunakadya 'gurasa da na ci'). A cikin sassan dangi, ta- ya maye gurbin prefix mara kyau.

Za'a iya ƙara prefixes daban-daban na lokaci, fasalin, da yanayi (TAM) zuwa aikatau don canza ma'anarsa.  A cikin ci gaba na yanzu, ci gaba da Abaya, cikakke na baya, cikakkiyar da ta gabata, da kuma makomar da ta dace, dole ne a sanya ma'anar ma'anar ku- a gaban wasula ta farko ta aikatau na farko, sai dai a cikin -angata 'ƙayyadadden' da -akala 'kasancewa'. A cikin wasula na monosyllabic, ana maimaita ma'anar farko da wasula (-VC) (misali -fwa 'Mutuwa' > nfofwa 'Na mutu', -ela ' jefa' > ngwelela 'Na jefa') a cikin mutum na farko. Idan tushen ba sautin farko ba ne, ana saka sautin -e- idan sashi na ƙarshe shine -ya,da kuma an saka -o- a duk sauran lokuta. Sautin karshe ya zama -i a cikin imperative hortative. Gabatarwa bi- yana nuna ma'anar 'don haka, cewa, don haka' da kuma -po 'gafara' 'an kara shi ga umarni yayin da ake magana da babba. 
+Gabatarwa na Luna TAMTAMGabatarwaMisaliTuranciKyauta mai sauƙia-, VC- (monosyllabic) n ya shigaIna sonCi gaba na yanzutana-ntananangaIna soyayyaCi gaba da bayaKa so -namanangaNa ƙaunaci (kuma ina ƙaunaci) Kwanan nan da suka gabata / yanzu cikakkeapu-napunangaNa ƙaunaceKyakkyawan da ya gabataaka-nakanangaIna soyayyaCikakken Jama'a da suka gabataakama-nakamanangaNa ƙaunaceGaskiya da ta gabataa-nanangaNa yi soyayyaNan gaba mai sauƙina- (1SG naku-) nakunangaZan soyayyaMakomar gabakye-nkyenangaZan so (a wani lokaci) Yanayixe-nxenangaYa kamata in so, zan soMuhimmanciø-NangaƘauna (koyarwa) Hortative -iAnangiBari shi / ƙaunarta
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya samun kalmomi masu rikitarwa daga kalmomi masu sauƙi ta amfani da prefixes.
+Kalmomin da suka daceHanyar da ake cikiKalmaMisaliTuranciMai sauki -xipakashewaTunanin tunanika ce- -dixipakashe kankaDalili -sa -xipisadalilin kashe kankaDangi -la -xipilakashe waniMa'amala / Al'ada - gobe -Xipaniyakashe juna, kashewa a sabaMai tsauri -ka -xipakaya mutu, a cikin yanayin da aka kasheCi gabaREDUPLICATED -xipa xipaci gaba da kashewaRashin aiki -bwatsibirin tsibirina kashe shi
Akwai 'yan adverbs da ke sanyawa kai tsaye a kan aikatau:
+AdverbsAdverbMa'anarMisalizama-don Allah, ana amfani da shi don ta'azantar da umarni,
dan kadan, a hankali a cikin abubuwan da ba su da muhimmancibedipula ncibo 'da alheri bude gidan a gare ni'ki-har yanzutukyananga 'har yanzu muna son' -podon Allah, idan kun gamsunamanangapo kantu ka sabanga 'Ina son ɗan sabulu don Allah'mu- da bi-jihar da, ta yayatebela mwencencayi 'kiyaye yadda yake aiki'
Lambobin kadinal suna raguwa a matsayin adjectives da lambobi masu sauƙi.
+Mai zaman kansaKaddadaNa yau da kullun1Koci -mo~mwe -a buxi2An rataye shi -bidi -amubidi3exatu -saturu -amusatu4ENO -nai -amunai5etano -tano -amutano6esambanu -sambomo -ambomo7sambwalisambwali -a sambwali8yenanayenana -a yenana9dibwadibwa -a dibwa10iyomudisangi -a disangi

 Manazarta 

Category:Harsuna 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba