Grace Julian Clarke

Grace Julian Clarke (Satumba 1865 - Yuni 18, 1938) yar wasa ce, mai fafutukar neman zaɓen mata, ɗan jarida, kuma marubuci daga Indiana . A matsayinta na 'yar George Washington Julian da jikanyar Joshua Reed Giddings, dukansu biyun sun kasance masu kawar da kai kuma 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka, dangin Clarke sun fallasa ta ga al'amurran da suka shafi gyara zamantakewa tun tana karama. An yaba mata da sake farfado da yunkurin mata a Indiana, inda ta taka rawar gani musamman a yakin neman zaben mata na kasa a farkon karni na ashirin. An san ta da kyau don kafawa da jagorantar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata na Jihar Indiana, Majalisar Dokoki, da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Indiana (wata ƙungiya ce ta Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata ta Amirka da kuma wanda ya rigaya zuwa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zabe na Indiana). Clarke ita ce marubuciyar litattafai guda uku da suka shafi rayuwar mahaifinta, kuma marubuci ne na Tauraruwar Indianapolis daga 1911 zuwa 1929.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Grace Giddings Julian a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1865, a Centerville, Wayne County, Indiana .  Ita ce ta farko a cikin yara biyu kuma ɗiyar George Washington Julian da matarsa ta biyu, Laura Giddings Julian. Grace kuma tana da ’yan’uwa maza uku. Mahaifinta, wanda danginsa suka zo Irvington, Indiana daga North Carolina, ya kasance abolitionist, dan majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma mai gyara zamantakewar al'umma wanda ya gabatar da gyaran fuska na farko na tarayya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a 1868.  Grace ta ci gaba da kasancewa da mahaifinta a duk tsawon rayuwarta. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1899. Mahaifiyar Grace diya ce ga Joshua Reed Giddings, wani mai shafewa kuma dan majalisar dokokin Amurka daga Ohio . 

Grace ta girma a Washington, DC, inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka har zuwa 1871. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Irvington, ƙauyen yanki gabas da tsakiyar Indianapolis, a cikin 1873. Grace ta zauna a Irvington har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta halarci Makarantar Mount Zion da makarantar share fage ta Jami'ar Butler, wacce ke Irvington a lokacin. Grace ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Butler, inda ta sami digiri na farko a 1884 da digiri na biyu a 1885. Grace memba ce ta ikilisiyar Unitarian a Indianapolis.  

 Aure da iyali 
Grace ta auri Charles B. Clarke, lauya, a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1887. Clarke, dan Democrat, tsohon mataimakin mai binciken Amurka ne a yankin New Mexico . Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawa ta Indiana a 1913 da 1915. Ma'auratan ba su da 'ya'ya. 

 Mai neman zaɓen mata 
Grace ta kasance mai ba da shawara a cikin yunƙurin zaɓen mata, musamman ayyukan kulab ɗin mata, kuma mai aiki a ƙungiyoyin mata da yawa a Indiana. Ta fi taka rawa wajen kafawa da jagoranci kungiyar kulab din mata ta jihar Indiana, kungiyar mata ta Franchise League, da majalisar dokoki. A cikin 1892 Clarke ya kafa ƙungiyar mata ta Irvington, ƙungiyar adabi na gida, kuma ta zama shugabanta.  Ita ce shugabar kungiyar mata ta Indianapolis da kungiyar Catharine Merrill, sannan kuma memba na Society of Indiana Pioneers da kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Indiana. 

Clarke ya taka rawar gani musamman wajen farfado da harkar zabe a Indiana, musamman wajen samun goyon baya a tsakanin kungiyoyin mata na jihar. A 1909 ta
ya shirya Gundumar Bakwai na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Indiana, kuma ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Indiana daga 1909 zuwa 1911. Ta kasance darekta kuma shugaban 'yan jarida na kasa na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata daga 1912 zuwa 1916. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gudummawar da ta bayar ga ƙungiyoyin mata ya faru ne a cikin 1909, lokacin da ta taimaka wajen samar da Ƙungiyar Makarantar Mata da ta taimaka wajen zabar mace ta farko a makarantar makarantar Indianapolis. An sake masa suna Ƙungiyar Makaranta ta Mata, Clarke ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta kuma ya ci gaba da ƙoƙarin samun nasara ga matan Indianapolis. Ƙungiyar, wadda ke da rassa 60 da mambobi 3,000 a Indiana, ta zama Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Indiana a 1911. Ya jagoranci gangamin zaben a cikin jihar. Ƙungiya ta Indiana ta zama haɗin gwiwa ta Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Amirka .  

Clarke ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a kungiyar mata ta Franchise League kuma ta zama shugabar farko na Majalisar Dokoki ta Indiana, kungiyar masu fafutuka da ita ma ta taimaka ta samu.   Ko da yake babban taron Indiana ya yi fatali da dokar zaɓen mata a shekara ta 1915, duk da ƙoƙarin da majalisar ta yi, an samu nasarar haɗa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban don yin aiki da manufa ɗaya. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1920, Indiana ta zama jiha ta ashirin da ta amince da gyaran zaɓen mata na ƙasa (gyara na sha tara ga kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka). A cikin Mayu 1920, watanni hudu bayan da majalisar dokokin jihar ta amince da gyaran gyare-gyare na kasa, mambobin kungiyar Franchise Women's Franchise League sun amince su rushe da kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe na Indiana. Clarke ta ci gaba da shiga cikin gasar, amma kuma ta fara biyan bukatunta a cikin motsin zaman lafiya.  Bayan da mata suka sami kuri'a, Clarke ya ba da gudummawar wani shafi don Indianapolis Star mai wakiltar ra'ayin Demokuradiyya kuma ya zagaya jihar yana magana game da jam'iyyar Democrat da kuma mukamai da 'yan takara.

A cikin shekarunta na baya Clarke ta zama mai fafutukar zaman lafiya kuma tana sha'awar al'amuran duniya da kuma 'yar Democrat. Ta kasance memba na kwamitin kasa na League don tilasta zaman lafiya kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Aminci ta Amurka . A cikin 1920 Clarke ya jagoranci kwamitin Indiana na Pro-League Independents. Ta kuma ba da laccoci don nuna goyon baya ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin kuma ta samu suka game da goyon bayan da jama'a ke yi na wannan ra'ayi da ba a so. [1]

Bukatun jama'a na Clarke kuma sun haɗa da sabis a kan allo na ƙasa da na gida. A cikin 1916 Woodrow Wilson ya nada Clarke, mai ci gaban siyasa, a matsayin shugaban sashin mata na Ofishin Samar da Aiki na Tarayya a Indianapolis. A cikin 1931 an nada ta zuwa Hukumar Tsare-tsaren Birni ta Indianapolis. 

 Marubuci 
Baya ga bukatunta na jama'a da na siyasa, Clarke marubuciya ce kuma ɗan jaridar jarida. Daga 1911 zuwa 1929 ta ba da gudummawar shafi na mako-mako da taƙaita ayyukan kulab ɗin mata da tsarin siyasa zuwa Star Indianapolis, kuma ta gyara shafukan mata na shekara guda. Ta ci gaba da rubuta wa takarda bayan an kammala gyaran na 19 kuma ta ba da gudummawar wani shafi na siyasa da ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Democrat. Clarke kuma ya ba da gudummawar labarai zuwa Mujallar Indiana na Tarihi . 

Clarke ta tattara kuma ta buga wani littafi na maganganun mahaifinta, juzu'i na abubuwan tunawa da shi, kuma ta rubuta George W. Julian (1923), tarihin mahaifinta wanda ya zama kundin farko a cikin jerin tarihin tarihin Indiana na Hukumar Tarihi na Indiana.  

 Mutuwa da gado 
Clark ya mutu a gida a Irvington a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1938, na ciwon huhu . Ana tsare gawarwakinta a makabartar Crown Hill a Indianapolis.  

 Ayyukan da aka buga 

 Littattafai 

 Daga baya Jawabai akan Tambayoyin Siyasa: Tare da Zaɓan Takardu Masu Rigima (Indianapolis: Carlon da Hollenbeck, 1889)
 George W. Julian: Wasu Hanyoyi (Indianapolis: CE Hollenbeck Press, 1902)
 George W. Julian (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Commission, 1923)

 Labarun da aka zaɓa 

 "Andrew Hoover Ya zo Indiana," Indiana Magazine of History, XXXV (Disamba 1928), 223-41
 "Wasiƙar Dr. Gamaliel Bailey zuwa Joshua R. Giddings," Indiana Magazine of History, XXXV (Maris 1930), 43-46
 "Wasiƙar Daniel Worth zuwa George W. Julian da Sauran Takardu," Indiana Magazine of History, XXVI, (Yuni, 1930), 152-57.
 "'The Burnt District," Indiana Magazine of History, XXVII, (Yuni 1931), 119-24.
 "Ishak Hoover Julian," Indiana Magazine of History, XXVIII (Maris 1932), 9-20.
 "Haruffa na Gida na George W. Julian, 1850-1851: Gaba," Indiana Magazine of History, XXIX, (Yuni 1933), 130-63.

 Manazarta 

 Grace Julian Clarke tarin, Rare Littattafai da Rubutu, Laburaren Jihar Indiana
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1865
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1938
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba