Lorine Pruette

Lorine Livingston Pruette (Nuwamba 3, 1896 - Disamba 20, 1976) yar Amurka ce, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, kuma marubuciya.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Lorine Pruette a Millersburg, Tennessee, ga iyayen da suka yi karatun koleji. Mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wajen uwa suna daga cikin mata na farko da suka yi karatu a jami'a a Amurka.  Mafarkin mahaifiyar Pruette na yin aiki a rubuce ba a taɓa cika ba; ta matsa lamba sosai kan Pruette don ta cika rayuwar da take so koyaushe.

Pruette ta kasance mai haske sosai, amma ta ɗauki kanta a matsayin wacce ba ta da kyau a duk lokacin ƙuruciyarta da samartaka kuma ba ta kwanan wata a makarantar sakandare. A jami'a, ta shiga ƙungiyar sority, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo, ta gyara jaridar kwaleji, kuma ta buga violin a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa.  Pruette ta kammala karatun digiri a 1918 daga Jami'ar Tennessee a Chattanooga tare da Bachelor of Science in chemistry sannan ta wuce Kwalejin Worcester a Massachusetts (yanzu, Jami'ar Jihar Worcester ), inda ta fara digiri na biyu.

 Ra'ayin siyasa da aiki 
Mary Trigg, a cikin littafinta mai suna Four American Feminists, 1910-1940: Inez Haynes Irwin, Mary Ritter Beard, Doris Stevens, da Lorine Pruette, ya bayyana cewa ba kamar sauran 'yan mata na karni na ashirin ba, Pruette ba ta iyakance hangen nesa ga mata ba amma ya yi aiki ga "tsarin zamantakewar al'umma, da zamantakewar aure." A duk tsawon aikinta, Pruette ta yi magana game da batutuwa kamar "bukatar matan aure don cimma rayuwa mai gamsarwa a bangarorin jama'a da na sirri, raunin maza da karfin mata, [da] muhimmancin dangantakar iyaye da yara".  Pruette ta riƙe ra'ayi mai ƙarfi na anti-maza, waɗanda samfurori ne na ƙuruciya da zalunci da rashin jin daɗi na mahaifiyarta suka rufe; Pruette ta rubuta cewa tun tana shekara tara ta yi imani da gaske cewa "dukkan muguntar duniya sun fito ne daga waɗannan mazajen da ba za su iya jurewa ba". 

Pruette da farko an ƙaddara ba za ta yi aure ko haihuwa ba. Duk da haka, ra'ayinta mai karfi ya canza a lokacin aikinta na digiri a karkashin masanin ilimin halin dan Adam G. Stanley Hall, wanda ta sha'awar sosai, da kuma aikin da ya fallasa ta ga aikin Havelock Ellis, Sigmund Freud, da Carl Jung . Ta auri abokin karatun digiri, Douglas Henry Fryer, kuma ta koma New York tare da shi, inda "ya zama malami a sashin ilimin halin dan Adam na Jami'ar Columbia kuma ta shiga cikin shirin PhD, ta sami digiri a 1924".  Ƙungiyar Pruette da Fryer ba ta daɗe ba, kuma jim kaɗan bayan kisan aurensu ta yi aure na shekaru biyu da John Woodbridge Herring. Pruette ta buga labarin aurenta guda biyu a cikin littafinta mai suna Me ya sa mata suka gaza, kuma ta bayyana cewa maza ba sa son ganin mata sun zarce su a fannin ilimi ko kuma a fagen sana’a, kuma ta yi nuni da cewa wannan na iya zama babban dalilin da ya sa aurenta biyu ba su yi nasara ba. 

Pruette ya rayu a cikin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma hade da mata tare da pacifism ; ta yi imanin cewa mata za su iya sa duniya ta zama wurin zaman lafiya. Lokacin da Franklin D. Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar majalisar ministocinsa na New Deal, Pruette ya ba da shawarar ya "maimakon kaddamar da' sabuwar yarjejeniya ta gaske," majalisar ministocin da ta kunshi mata, wadanda 'fadin ra'ayi na zamantakewa' da ra'ayin adalci na zamantakewa zai iya taimakawa wajen kawar da duniya daga yakin basasa ".  Pruette ta kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin imaninta na mata kuma ta shafe yawancin lokacinta tana tafiya, lacca, da rubuce-rubuce game da ra'ayoyinta game da mata, duk da haka yawancin aikinta ya kasance ba a buga ba. Ta sami aiki a fannoni daban-daban kamar gyara, rubutawa ga jaridu ko mujallu masu sana'a, ta kuma koyar da ilimin zamantakewa da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a jami'o'i da yawa, kuma ta kasance mai bincike da tuntuɓar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga cibiyoyi da yawa.

 Bayan shekaru 
Duk da koma baya da wahalhalu na tsufa, Pruette ta ci gaba da yin aiki muddin za ta iya, da kuma magance matsalolin zamantakewa na tsufa. Amma duk da kasancewarta lafiyayyen tunani, imanin agnostic na Pruette ya jawo mata baƙin ciki na ruhaniya yayin da take tunanin abin da zai zama ranta bayan mutuwarta, kuma a cikin ƴan shekarun rayuwarta na ƙarshe an rubuta ta a matsayin farkawa cikin gumi mai zazzaɓi sau da yawa tana ihu, "Dawwama shine abin da nake so!". [1] Ta rasu a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1976, kasa da makonni bakwai da cika shekaru 80 da haihuwa.

 Gadon mata 
Lorine Pruette ba ta da 'ya'ya ta zabi amma a cikin shekarunta na baya ta yi nadama cewa ba ta da wanda zai "ci gaba da 'bincike na protoplasm '".  Domin Pruette ta rayu ta hanyar sauyin yanayi daga ɗan luwaɗi zuwa al'umma, ta taimaka kuma ta shaida yawancin nasarorin da mata suka samu, ta ɗauki mace ta zamani a matsayin mai ɗaukar hakkinta a matsayin mai rai kuma ta jahilci gwagwarmayar matan da suka zo gabanta. Pruette ta yi watsi da ra'ayin 'yar mata ta zamani, tana mai cewa "babu dalilin da zai sa ta dauki kanta a matsayin mai son mata; ta gaji jinsin mata".  A kusa da karshen rayuwarta, Lorine Pruette ta bukaci mata da kada su yarda da kyamar zamantakewar al'umma a halin yanzu ba tare da wata shakka ba, kuma su tuna amfani da taimakon juna da goyon bayan juna don neman canji.

 Magana 

 Tushe 

 "Pruette, Lorine, B. 1896. Takardu, 1915-1974: Taimakon Neman." OASIS Tsarin Bayanan Bincike na Kan layi; Ofishin Tsarin Bayanai; Jami'ar Harvard Library. Yanar Gizo. Fabrairu 6, 2012. < https://web.archive.org/web/20100718115805/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00863 >.
 Showalter, Elaine. "Wadannan Matan Zamani: Rubuce-rubucen Rayuwa Daga Ashirin." Littattafan Google. Yanar Gizo. Fabrairu 2, 2012. < https://books.google.com/books?id=ckHwIV8edTYC >.
 Trigg, Mary Kathleen. Matan Amurka huɗu, 1910-1940: Inez Haynes Irwin, Mary Ritter Beard, Doris Stevens, da Lorine Pruette. Ann Arbor: Sabis na Bayanin Dissertation UMI, 1989. Buga.

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 as Lorine L. Pruette at Find a Grave
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896