Julia A. Orum

Julia A. Orum (Oktoba 28, 1843 - Janairu 6, 1904) malamar Amurka ce, malama, kuma marubuciya. Ta kasance shugabar Makarantar Elocution ta Philadelphia da kuma Makarantar Summer School of Elocution ta Mountain Lake Park .   Ta kasance mai karatu da malami na Shakespeare.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Julia Anna Orum a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1843. Iyayenta sune Charles L. da Keturah Orum .  Ɗaya daga cikin kakanninta na uwa, Leonard Keyser, an ƙone shi a kan gungume saboda bangaskiyarsa, a cikin 1527. Wani daga cikin dangin Holland, Dirck Keyser, ya zauna a Germantown, Pennsylvania, a cikin 1688, kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa makaranta a can a ƙarƙashin Francis David Pastorius . Ɗaya daga cikin kakanninta, Bartholomew Longstreth, na Yorkshire, Ingila, an hana shi gado saboda zama Quaker kuma ya zo Amurka a cikin shekara ta 1698. 'Yan uwan Julia sune: Rachel, Mira, Morris, Ellen, da Nellie.

Orum ta kammala karatu tare da girmamawa daga makarantar Philadelphia Normal School (daga baya, Makarantar Sakandare ta Philadelphia don 'yan mata), lokacin da take da shekaru 20. Bayan ta zaɓi koyarwar magana a matsayin sana'arta, ta yi karatu na shekaru da yawa tare da tsohon mai bala'i da mai magana, James B. Roberts .

 Ayyuka 
Shekaru da yawa, an haɗa ta a matsayin malami a cikin magana tare da YMCA na Philadelphia da Germantown . Ta koyar da nasara a makarantu masu zaman kansu da yawa, har sai da ta kafa wata cibiyar kanta, a 1885. Ta kasance shugabar Makarantar Elocution ta Philadelphia; shugabar Makarantun Elocution ta Mountain Lake Park; kuma malami na horar da murya a Kwalejin Mata ta Baltimore . 

Babban ra'ayi a cikin tsarin ta shine daidai da isasshen furcin tunanin da ke cikin nassin da za a fassara. A cikin al'adun murya, numfashi na ciki daidai da samar da sautin shine mabuɗin tsarin ta. Hanyar ta ita ce wadda mai ba da labari na Ingilishi, James Fennell ya koyar da ita: ka'idoji, maimakon dokoki; nazarin ma'ana a matsayin tushen isar da shi; da kuma yanayin tsawo na fasaha.

Da ta zama Kirista, ta yanke shawarar amfani da baiwarta da al'adunta, gwargwadon iyawa, don taimakawa waɗanda ke koyarwa ko wa'azi. Yawancin ministoci da malamai sun zo karkashin umarninta. Matasa mata da yawa, waɗanda muryarsu ta ba da gudummawa a ƙarƙashin damuwa na maimaitawa a cikin ɗakin makaranta, an cece su daga cututtukan huhu da makogwaro ta hanyar koyarwar Oram. Maza masu ƙarancin halaye na murya an kiyaye su a cikin farfajiyar ta hanyar al'adun murya na Orum kuma sun zama mafi tasiri wajen gabatar da laccoci. Karatun Shakespearean da kuma kwaikwayonsa sun sami karbuwa fiye da karatun Littafi Mai-Tsarki.

Ita ce marubucin wani aiki mai taken The Orum System for Voice Education (1895), kuma ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga wallafe-wallafen lokaci. Ayyukan da aka bayar a cikin littafin sun kasance na musamman kuma masu amfani. 

Orum ta shiga cikin aikin agaji da alheri na coci, musamman ayyukanta na gida. A shekara ta 1884, ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in kungiyar mata ta mishan (Taron Philadelphia).

 Mutuwa 
A rayuwarta ta baya, Orum ta kasance mai haƙuri a Gidan Philadelphia na Incurables . A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1904, an ƙone ta har ta mutu a cikin wanka a ma'aikatar. 

 Ayyukan da aka zaɓa 

 Tsarin Orum don Ilimi na Murya (1895) 

 Bayanai 

 Manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Ayyukan da suka shafiMace ta Karni / Julia Anna Oruma Wikisource