Chibalo

Chibalo shine tsarin bautar bashi ko aikin tilastawa a cikin Ultramar Português ( lardunan Portuguese na kasashen waje a Afirka da Asiya ), musamman a cikin Portuguese Angola da Fotigal Mozambik (ba kamar yawancin sauran mallakar Turai na ketare na karni na 20 ba, Portuguese waɗanda ba a la'akari da mulkin mallaka ba, amma cikakkun lardunan Portugal daidai).

A cikin 1869 Portugal a hukumance ta soke bautar, amma a aikace, duk da haka ya ci gaba. An yi amfani da Chibalo don gina ababen more rayuwa na lardunan Afirka, saboda mazauna Portugal da assimilado ne kawai suka sami ilimi, wanda ya sa su keɓe daga wannan aikin na tilastawa.

 Tsarin Chibalo 
A karkashin mulkin Estado Novo na António de Oliveira Salazar, an yi amfani da chibalo a Mozambique don noman auduga ga Portugal, gina hanyoyi, da hidima ga mazauna Portuguese. An aiwatar da tsarin ta hanyar cin zarafi ta jiki da ta jima'i ga baƙar fata na Afirka  Kamfanin Niassa misali ne na irin kamfanonin da za su iya bunƙasa tun lokacin da suka sami damar yin aiki ba tare da biya ba. An haramta saka hannun jari na kasashen waje a lardunan Portuguese na ketare ta yadda Portugal za ta amfana kai tsaye. Duk iyalai sun yi aiki a gonakin auduga, suna maye gurbin noman abinci, wanda ke haifar da yunwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.  

Chibalo ya zarce bautar  a cikin daular Portuguese . 'Yan asalin ƙasar Mozambik, duk da haka, sun yi tsayayya da chibalo a duk tsawon lokacin mulkin Portuguese cikin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai .  Har ila yau, ta fuskanci adawa mai karfi tun daga karshen karni na 19 daga 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal da 'yan kasuwa, musamman Theodorico de Sacadura Botte a lardunan Marracuene da Magude, a cikin Mozambique Portuguese.

 Magana 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Tarihin Mozambique da Chibalo
 Ƙungiyar Mozambique ta Tiffany Chasten
Rukuni:Bauta a Afirka