Marion Bills

Marion Bills Bills Almira Bills (1890-1970) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Amurka wanda ya ba da gudummawa na farko ga ilimin halayya na masana'antu da na ƙungiyoyi. Bills ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa, amma an fi saninta da aikinta na yin amfani da ilimin halayyar ma'aikata a Aetna, inda ta kasance mace ta farko da kamfanin ya hayar.

 Ayyuka 
Bills ta sami Ph.D. a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr, inda ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Clarence Ferree, mai kula da Edward B. Titchener wanda ya yi nazarin hanyoyin gani. Bills na iya samun ƙarfafawa a cikin gaskiyar cewa akwai mata da yawa a bangaren a Bryn Mawr, gami da Gertrude Rand . 

Bayan barin Bryn Mawr, Bills ta zama mataimakiyar bincike ga masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Walter V. Bingham a Ofishin Binciken Ma'aikata a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Carnegie, kuma daga baya aka nada ta mataimakiyar darakta na cibiyar. A cikin 1924-25, Bills ya gudanar da binciken bincike a Ofishin Binciken Inshora na Rayuwa . 

A cikin 1926, Aetna ta hayar da Bills a matsayin mace ta farko. Ta yi canje-canje masu mahimmanci ga manufofin ma'aikata, kuma ta aiwatar da tsarin biyan kuɗi na aiki don ma'aikatan sarrafa bayanai. Ta zama sananniya saboda kokarin da ta yi na yin amfani da kimiyya da masana'antu, ta yi amfani da bincike na ilimin halayyar dan adam don zabar malamai da ma'aikatan tallace-tallace.

Bills ta shiga cikin kafa Sashe na 14 na Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amirka; daga baya ƙungiyar ta zama Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP).  An nada ta shugabar kungiyar a shekarar 1951.  Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba. Ta yi ritaya a 1955 kuma ta mutu a 1970. A cikin 2013, dukiyarta ta ba da kyautar dala miliyan 2.3 ga Jami'ar Hartford don taimakon kudi na ɗalibai.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1970