Fataucin mutane a Misira

Masar ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004. 

Masar ƙasa ce ta tushe, wucewa, da kuma makoma ga mata da yara waɗanda ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman ma aikin tilas da karuwanci.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017,  ma'ana cewa gwamnatinta ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idojin da aka bayyana a cikin Dokar Kariya ta Masu Cin Hanci-Kariya da Rikicin na 2000 (TVPA), amma tana yin gagarumin kokari don saduwa da waɗannan ka'idoji.  An sanya kasar a cikin Tier 2 Watch List a cikin 2023.

A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta lura da yaduwar fataucin mutane da fataucin gabobin jiki.

 Tarihi a cikin 2010 
Wasu daga cikin kimanin yara dubu ɗari biyu zuwa miliyan ɗaya na Masar - yara maza da mata - an yi amfani da su a cikin karuwanci kuma an tilasta su bara. Kungiyoyin 'yan daba na cikin gida, a wasu lokuta, suna da hannu a cikin wannan cin zarafi. An dauki yara na Masar don aikin gida da aikin gona; wasu daga cikin wadannan yara sun fuskanci yanayi da ke nuna bautar da ba ta son rai ba, kamar ƙuntatawa kan motsi, rashin biyan albashi, barazana, da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i.

Bugu da kari, an ruwaito cewa mutane masu arziki daga yankin Gulf na Farisa sun yi tafiya zuwa Misira don sayen "auren wucin gadi" ko "auren bazara" tare da matan Masar, gami da 'yan mata da ba su kai shekara 18 ba. Wadannan shirye-shiryen galibi iyayen mata da masu ba da shawara game da aure ne suka sauƙaƙe su kuma sun kasance wani nau'i ne na cin zarafin yara. Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara yana faruwa a Alkahira, Alexandria, da Luxor. Masar ƙasa ce ta wucewa ga mata da aka fataucin daga Uzbekistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Rasha, da sauran ƙasashen Gabashin Turai zuwa Isra'ila don cin zarafin jima'i. Kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka suna da hannu a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.

Maza da mata daga Kudancin da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya na iya zama matsi ga aikin tilas a Misira. Habashawa, Eritreawa, Sudanese, Indonesiyawa, Filipino, da yiwuwar matan Sri Lanka sun yi ƙaura da yardar rai zuwa Masar amma watakila an tilasta musu aiki na gida. Wasu yanayi da suka fuskanta ba su da lokacin hutu, jima'i, jiki, da kuma cin zarafin motsin rai, hana albashi, da ƙuntatawa na motsi. Ma'aikata na iya amfani da matsayin ma'aikatan cikin gida ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma rashin kwangilar aiki a matsayin kayan aiki na tilastawa.

Wasu daga cikin baƙi da 'yan gudun hijira da suka shiga karuwanci na iya tilasta su yi hakan. Matasan 'yan gudun hijirar Sudan, gami da wadanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba, ana iya tilasta musu yin karuwanci a cikin gidajen rawa na Alkahira ta hanyar iyali ko' yan kungiyar Sudan. Rahotanni na NGO da kafofin watsa labarai sun nuna cewa an tilasta wa wasu Masarawa yin aiki a Jordan kuma sun fuskanci hana fasfo, tilasta karin lokaci, rashin biyan albashi, da ƙuntatawa na motsi.

A shekara ta 2010, gwamnatin Masar ta amince da sabuwar doka da ta haramta fataucin mutane don aiki da cin zarafin jima'i. A cikin 2009/2010, gwamnati ta yanke hukunci biyu na farko a karkashin gyare-gyaren yaki da fataucin yara na 2008 kuma ta wayar da kan jama'a game da "auren bazara", wanda galibi ana amfani dashi don sauƙaƙe cinikin jima'i na kasuwanci. A cewar gwamnatin Amurka, rashin hanyoyin gano wadanda aka azabtar da su da kuma ayyukan kariya na gwamnatin Masar ya ba da damar hukunta wadanda ba a san su ba saboda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da aka aikata sakamakon kai tsaye na fataucin mutane.

 Aure na yanayi ko na wucin gadi 
Akwai wani abu mai ban mamaki a Misira da aka sani da auren "na lokaci" ko "na wucin gadi". Wannan shine lokacin da matasan mata da 'yan mata - musamman daga iyalai matalauta - suka auri maza daga Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa don samar da ayyukan jima'i ga maza da ba na Masar ba. Dangane da binciken da Majalisar Kula da Yara da Uwa (NCCM) ta gudanar, kashi 67% na iyalai 2,000 da aka zaba daga samfurin Al Hawamdia, Al Badrashein da Abu Almonros sun san auren yara. Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa manufar waɗannan auren galibi tattalin arziki ne.

A wasu lokuta, 'yan matan Masar na iya komawa ƙasar mazajen su kuma suyi aiki a matsayin baiwa. 'Yan mata da ke zaune a Misira galibi ana guje su daga al'umma kuma suna gwagwarmaya don sake yin aure ta hanyar gargajiya, musamman a lokuta inda mata suka haifi ɗan mijinta.

Misira: Dokar No. 103 ta 1976 wanda aka fi sani da Sabon Dokar Aure ta Yawon Bude Ido an kafa ta ne don hanawa da kare 'yan mata daga auren yanayi / na wucin gadi. Dokar ta buƙaci takardun kwangilar aure, tana buƙatar baƙo ya gabatar da takardar shaidar daga ofishin jakadancin ƙasarsa wanda ke nuna cewa babu wani cikas ga yin aure, ana kuma saka hannun jari a cikin sunan yarinyar, a matsayin tsaro a gare ta lokacin da mata ke da shekaru 25 ko fiye da shi."Does Egypt's Law Protect 'Short-Term Brides' Or Formalize Trafficking?".

An kuma kara mafi ƙarancin shekaru don aure zuwa 18. mai ba da rahoto na musamman Joy Ngozi Ezeilo ya bayyana cewa a aikace, wannan doka ba ta da tasiri sosai a matsayin yawan aure na yanayi / na wucin gadi tsakanin matan Masar da maza da ba na Masar ba suna ci gaba da faruwa.

Bayanan baya a shekarar 2010

Wasu daga cikin kimanin yara marasa matsuguni daga dubu dari biyu zuwa miliyan ɗaya a Masar – maza da mata – an tilasta musu yin karuwanci da bara. Wasu lokuta, kungiyoyin masu aikata laifi na cikin gida suna da hannu wajen wannan cin zarafi. Ana ɗaukar yara Masarawa su yi ayyukan gida da noma; wasu daga cikinsu na fuskantar yanayi da ke nuna bauta ta dole, irin su hana motsi, rashin biyan albashi, barazana, da kuma cin zarafin jiki ko na jima’i.

Haka kuma, ana bayyana cewa wasu maza masu kudi daga Yammacin Gulf sukan je Masar don yin aure na wucin gadi ko “auren bazara” da 'yan mata Masarawa, har da ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 18. Iyayen yaran da dillalan aure ne ke sauƙaƙa wa wannan aure, wanda a gaskiya wani nau’in cin zarafin yara ne ta hanyar amfani da su a harkar jima’i don samun riba. Ana samun yawon jima’i da yara a biranen Alkahira, Alexandria, da Luxor. Masar ta zama wuri na wucewa ga mata da aka yi safarar su daga Uzbekistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Rasha da sauran ƙasashen Gabas ta Turai zuwa Isra’ila domin karuwanci. Kungiyoyin masu aikata laifi sun shigo cikin wannan harkar.

Maza da mata daga Kudancin da Kudu-maso-Gabashin Asiya na iya fuskantar aikin bauta da dole a Masar. Habashawa, Mutanen Eritiriya, Sudaws, Mutanen Indonesiya, Filipino, da wataƙila mata ‘yan Sri Lanka sun shigo Masar da kansu amma daga bisani an tilasta musu yin ayyukan gida. Wasu daga cikin yanayin da suka fuskanta sun haɗa da rashin hutu, cin zarafin jima’i, na jiki, da na tunani, hana albashi, da hana motsi. Ma’aikata na iya amfani da rashin takardun aiki da halin da suka tsinci kansu a ciki don tilasta musu.

Wasu daga cikin ‘yan gudun hijira da suka shiga harkar karuwanci na iya yin hakan ne bisa tilas. Matasa ‘yan gudun hijira daga Sudan, har da ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 18, na iya samun kansu a karuwanci a kulake na dare a Alkahira saboda tilas daga iyali ko ‘yan kungiyar Sudan. Rahotannin kungiyoyin sa-kai da na kafafen watsa labarai sun nuna cewa wasu Masarawa an tilasta musu yin aiki a Jordan inda aka hana su fasfo, tilasta yin aiki fiye da kima, rashin albashi, da hana motsi.

A shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Masar ta amince da sabon dokar da ta haramta safarar mutane don aikin bauta da na jima’i. A shekarar 2009/2010, gwamnatin ta yi hukunci na farko bisa ƙarin dokokin da aka yi wa Dokar Yara ta 2008 da kuma wayar da kai kan “auren bazara,” wanda yakan taimaka wajen cin zarafin yara ta hanyar jima’i.

Auren bazara ko na ɗan lokaci

Akwai wata al’ada a Masar da ake kira “auren bazara” ko “auren na ɗan lokaci.” Wannan na faruwa ne idan aka aurar da matasa mata musamman daga iyalan talakawa ga maza daga Kasashen Gulf domin su ba su ayyukan jima’i. Bisa ga binciken da Hukumar Kasa ta Kula da Yara da Uwa (NCCM) ta gudanar, kashi 67% na iyalai 2,000 daga wasu yankuna uku da aka tantance a Al Hawamdia, Al Badrashein da Abu Almonros sun ce sun san da auren yara. Binciken ya nuna cewa dalilin wannan aure yawanci na tattalin arziki ne.Ezeilo , J. N. (2011, April 15). "Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children"

A wasu lokuta, ‘yan mata Masarawa na iya komawa ƙasar mijin da aure ya hada su su yi aikin gida. Wadanda suka rage a Masar galibi sukan fuskanci tsangwama daga al’umma kuma sukan samu wahala wajen sake aure ta al’ada, musamman idan sun haifi ɗa ga wannan aure.Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - Egypt

Dokar Masar mai lamba 103 na shekarar 1976 wacce aka fi sani da Sabuwar Dokar Auren yawon shakatawa, an kafa ta ne don hana da kuma kare matasa daga wannan nau’in aure. Dokar na buƙatar a tabbatar da kwangilar aure da kuma takardar shaida daga jakadancin ƙasar mijin da ke tabbatar da cewa babu wani cikas. Ana kuma sanya kuɗi cikin sunan budurwar, musamman idan tana da shekaru 25 ko fiye ƙasa da mijin.

An kuma daga mafi ƙarancin shekarar aure zuwa 18. Wakiliya ta musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Joy Ngozi Ezeilo ta ce a aikace, wannan dokar ba ta da tasiri sosai domin har yanzu ana ci gaba da auren bazara da matan Masarawa da ba Masarawa.

Tsarin hukumomi

Kwamitin Tsare-Tsaren Kasa ne ke jagorantar dukkan kokarin hana safarar mutane a matakin kasa. Wannan kwamitin yana ƙarƙashin Jagoran Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje, kuma ya ƙunshi wakilan da suka dace daga ma’aikatun cikin gida, shari’a, ma’aikata da ƙaura, jinƙai, da yawon bude ido. Kwamitin na tsara dokoki da tsare-tsaren yaki da safarar mutane a Masar, ciki har da yakar ƙungiyoyin da ke safarar ‘yan ƙaura ba bisa ƙa’ida ba da gano ayyukan safarar mutane. An kuma kafa wasu dokoki don kare waɗanda ake safararsu ta barauniyar hanya da rage wahalar da suke sha.Regional Consultation on International Migration in the Arab Region...

Majalisar Kula da Mata (NCW) an kafa ta a shekarar 2000 don sa ido da ƙarfafa matsayi mata a cikin al’umma. A 2007, Firayim Minista ya ƙaddamar da wani kwamitin da zai yaki safarar mutane, musamman mata da yara. Kwamitin na nazarin dokoki da manufofi da aka shimfiɗa don hana safarar mutane.

NCW ta kuma aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Kawar da Duk Hanyoyin Nuna Bambanci Ga Mata (CEDAW). Wannan wani sashen musamman ne da ke yaki da safarar mutane, tare da yin bincike da rahotanni kan safarar mata da ‘yan mata. A watan Afrilu 2009, NCW ta fitar da rahoto kan tashin hankali da ake yi wa mata a Masar, inda ta gane cewa “auren bazara” ko “na ɗan lokaci” na iya zama nau’in safarar mutane kuma ta ba da shawarar a tantance ko ya kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin hakan.

A 2016, gwamnatin ta aiwatar da shirin 2016-2021 don yakar safarar mutane. Firayim Minista ya amince da wannan tsari amma ba a samar da isassun hanyoyi da kayan aiki don aiwatar da shi ba. A shekarar 2016, kwamitin yaki da safarar mutane na kasa da kuma wanda ke hana ƙaura ba bisa ƙa’ida ba sun hade. Gwamnatin ta kuma ƙaddamar da kamfe 90 na yaki da safarar mutane. A watan Yuni 2016, gwamnati ta shirya taruka kan ƙaura, safarar mutane da kuma damfara. Ma’aikatar Ma’aikata ta gudanar da samfurin bincike ba zato a wuraren aikin ‘yan ƙasashen waje, amma ba ta bayar da rahoton gano wadanda ake safararsu ba.

Gurfanarwa (2010)

Majalisar dokokin Masar ta amince da dokar da ke haramta dukkan nau’ikan safarar mutane tare da tanadin hukunci daga shekaru 3 zuwa 15 na ɗaurin kurkuku, har ma da rai da rai idan akwai munanan dalilai. Tara daga dala $9,000 zuwa $36,000 ne ga waɗanda suka aikata laifin. Sauye-sauyen da aka yi wa Dokar Yara (Lamba 126 na 2008) sun haɗa da hana safarar yara don karuwanci da aikin bauta. Wannan dokar na da hukuncin kurkuku na akalla shekaru biyar.

Kariya (2010)

A cewar gwamnatin Amurka, jami’an Masar ba su kafa tsari na musamman don gano waɗanda aka safarawa da kuma mika su ga masu ba da taimako ba; saboda haka, galibin waɗanda aka safarawa – ciki har da yara kan tituna da mata da aka kama saboda karuwanci – ana daukarsu a matsayin masu laifi maimakon wadanda aka zalunta. Wasu yara na iya tashi zuwa cibiyoyin gyara halin yara, waɗanda sau da dama ba su da yanayi mai kyau. Wasu na iya kame su tare da manya, duk da cewa dokar yara ta hana hakan.

Jami’an tsaro a yankin Sinai sun ci gaba da yunkurin hana shigowar ‘yan ƙaura ba bisa ƙa’ida ba, inda a wasu lokuta sukan kashe wasu daga cikinsu, ba tare da nuna wani yunkuri na gano waɗanda aka safarawa ba. Zuwa 2009, Ma’aikatar Jinƙai ta gudanar da cibiyoyi 19 da ke karɓar yara kan tituna, mata, da nakasassu, waɗanda ka iya karɓar waɗanda aka safarawa.

NCCM na da layin waya na awa 24 don karɓar koke kan cin zarafin yara. A shekarar 2009 ba a samar da kulawa ta musamman ga manya ko baƙin da aka safarawa ba. A gidajen yari ko cibiyoyin tsarewa, jami’an tsaro na iya ci gaba da zaluntar waɗannan mutane ta hanyar faɗa da su, cin zarafi ta jiki, ko ta jima’i. Ba a bai wa baƙi waɗanda aka safarawa wata hanya ta doka don tsira daga ƙasashen da za su iya fuskantar wahala ko ramuwar gayya ba. Gwamnati ba ta karfafa gwiwar waɗanda aka safarawa su taimaka wajen shaidar da masu safarar ba.

Rigakafi (2010)

Gwamnati ta samu ci gaba wajen hana “auren bazara” a lokacin da aka fitar da rahoton, amma baya ga haka, ba ta ɗauki matakai don hana safarar mutane ba. Sabuwar doka da aka amince da ita ta umurci gwamnati da ta kafa kwamitin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ma’aikatun gwamnati don daidaita ayyukan yaki da safarar mutane, kariya ga waɗanda aka safarawa da kuma shirye-shiryen tallafi.

 Haɗin waje 

 Lebanon, B. (2017, Satumba). Tattaunawar Yankin kan Shige da Fice na Duniya a Yankin Larabawa A Shirye-shiryen Yarjejeniyar Duniya don Tsaro, Tsaro da Shige da fice na yau da kullun. An samo shi a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2017
 Veselinovic, M (14 ga Yulin 2012) Abin kunya na 'amarar bazara'
 Nourhan Adel Aziz (Afrilu 2016) Gwamnatin Cinikin Dan Adam a Misira: Tsarin Shari'a, Manufofin, da Tsarin Ma'aikata (Master thesis, Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira) An adana shi  
 George Sedek (Fabrairu 2016) Horarwa da ke da alaƙa da Yaki da Cinikin Dan Adam: Masar

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba
Rukuni:Fataucin Mutane a Afirka