Gale Norton

Gale Ann Norton (an haife ta a watan Maris 11, 1954) ƴar siyasar Amurka ce kuma lauya wandda ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Cikin Gida na Amurka na 48 a ƙarƙashin Shugaba George W. Bush daga 2001 zuwa 2006. Memba na Jam'iyyar Republican, ta taba yin aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Shari'a na 35th na Colorado daga 1991 zuwa 1999. Norton ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike kowane ɗayan waɗannan mukamai.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Norton a Wichita, Kansas, ga Dale da Anna Norton.  Ta girma a Wichita da Thornton, Colorado, kuma ta kammala karatun magna cum laude da Phi Beta Kappa daga Jami'ar Denver a 1975. Norton ta sami digirin digiri na Juris tare da girmamawa daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta jami'ar a 1978. A ƙarshen 1970s, ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Libertarian ; An kusan zabe ta a matsayin darektan kasa a 1980, kafin daga baya ta zama ‘yar Republican. Ayyukan marubuci Ayn Rand sun rinjayi Norton, kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin " hanyar amfani da hikima " ko "' yan kasuwa masu kula da muhalli " kamar Cibiyar Binciken Dukiya da Muhalli,  wadda ita ce abokin tarayya . 

 Sana'a 
Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantar lauya, Norton ta yi aiki a matsayin babban lauya a Gidauniyar Legal Foundation daga 1979 zuwa 1983. Norton ya kasance Fellow na ƙasa a Cibiyar Hoover a lokacin 1983-1984, kafin ya ɗauki matsayi a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka a matsayin mataimaki ga Mataimakin Sakatare Richard Edmund Lyng .  Daga 1985 zuwa 1990, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Lauya na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Amurka, wanda a cikinta ne ta gudanar da lauyoyin da ke aiki a Ma'aikatar Parking ta Kasa da Ma'aikatar Kifi da Namun daji ta Amurka .  name="auto1">

 Colorado Attorney General 
Norton ta koma Colorado bayan zamanta a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, kuma an zabe ta a matsayin mace ta farko Attorney Janar a cikin 1991. A matsayin Babban Lauyan Gwamnati, Norton ya jagoranci lauyoyin jihar wajen kare dokokin jihar, ciki har da Colorado Amendment 2, gyaran tsarin mulkin jihar na 1992 wanda ya hana kowane mataki ko reshe na gwamnatin jiha amincewa da 'yan luwadi a matsayin aji mai kariya. Kalubale ga Kwaskwarima 2 sun kai ga Kotun Koli ta Amurka, wacce ta soke gyara a Romer v. Evans (1996). 

Norton ya tsaya takarar neman kujerar majalisar dattawan Amurka a shekarar 1996 a matsayin dan jam’iyyar Republican, amma sai ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar U. S. Wakilin Wayne Allard .  name="auto"> A wannan shekarar, Norton ta gabatar da wani jawabi mai cike da cece-kuce inda ta yi nuni da cewa yayin da aka yi amfani da ikon mallakar jihar wajen kare bautar kasa kafin yakin basasa da kuma lokacin yakin basasa, tare da kawo karshen yakin, Amurka ta rasa ra'ayin cewa jihohi za su tsaya tsayin daka kan gwamnatin tarayya da ke da karfin iko kan rayuwarmu. 

Tare da lauyoyin janar na wasu jihohi 45, Norton ya shiga cikin shawarwarin Yarjejeniyar Matsala ta Tobacco Master Settlement (wanda aka shigar a cikin 1998) sulhu na shari'ar Medicaid da jihohi suka yi kan kamfanonin taba na Amurka don dawo da farashin lafiyar jama'a wanda aka danganta da maganin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba.  Wa'adin Norton na biyu ya ƙare a 1999. Saboda iyakacin wa'adin jiha, ba ta nemi wa'adi na uku ba. 

Bayan barin Ofishin Babban Lauyan, Norton babban mai ba da shawara ne a Brownstein, Hyatt & Farber, wani kamfanin lauyoyi na tushen Denver .

 Sakataren harkokin cikin gida na Amurka 
Ta yi aiki a Brownstein har shugaba George W. Bush ya zabe ta a matsayin sakatariyar harkokin cikin gida ta Amurka a shekara ta 2001. Norton, mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin, majalisar dattijai ta tabbatar da ita kuma ta kasance Sakatare har zuwa 2006.  Gwamnan Idaho Dirk Kempthorne ne ya gaje ta a wa'adi na biyu na gwamnatin George W. Bush.

A ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2002, ta yi aiki a matsayin wanda aka keɓe a lokacin jawabin farko na Shugaba Bush.

A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2009, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta buɗe wani bincike na laifi kan ko aikin Norton a Royal Dutch Shell ya saba wa dokar da ta hana ma'aikatan tarayya tattaunawa da aiki da kamfani idan ma'aikaci ya shiga cikin yanke shawara da za su amfana da wannan kamfani.  Binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan shawarar da hukumar Norton ta yanke a shekara ta 2006 na ba da hayar hayar mai ga Royal Dutch Shell. DOJ ta rufe binciken ne a cikin 2010, ta ki amincewa da tuhumar. 

 Aikin bayan gwamnati 
A lokacin da ta yi murabus a matsayin Sakatariya, an dauki Norton a matsayin "jagorancin gwamnatin Bush kan fadada aikin hakar mai da iskar gas da sauran muradun masana'antu a kasashen yamma."  Bayan barin Washington, ta shiga Royal Dutch Shell a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara a cikin bincikenta da kasuwancinta. 

Tun daga 2017, Norton ya yi aiki don Dabarun Gudanarwa na Norton, wani kamfani mai ba da shawara na Aurora wanda ke ma'amala da ƙa'idodin muhalli. [1] A cikin 2012, ta kuma kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga Clean Range Ventures, babban kamfani na samar da makamashi. Tana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin Tarayyar Tarayya, Reagan Alumni Association, Cibiyar Sabuntawar Makamashi da Dorewa a Jami'ar Colorado .

 Tarihin zabe 

 1996 Majalisar Dattijan Amurka ta Republican Primary (Colorado)
 Wayne Allard (R), 57%
 Gale Norton (R), 43%

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Norton yana zaune a Colorado tare da John Hughes, mijinta na biyu.

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin sunayen manyan lauyoyin mata na jihohi a Amurka
 Jerin sunayen mambobin majalisar ministocin Amurka mata

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba