Clara Ragaz

Clara Ragaz (30 Maris 1874 - 7 Oktoba 1957) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata na Switzerland na rabin farkon ƙarni na ashirin. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Ƙungiyar Matan Abstinent na Swiss, ƙungiyar da ke goyon bayan motsin fushi a Switzerland. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF) daga 1929 zuwa 1946.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Clara Nadig a ranar 30 ga Maris 1874 a Chur, a cikin yankin Grisons na Switzerland zuwa Christina (née Plattner) da Johann Josua Nadig. Ta yi karatu a matsayin malami, inda ta kammala horo a 1892 a makarantar al'ada a Aarau . 

 Sana'a 
Nadig ya fara koyarwa a Ingila da Faransa kafin ya koma Switzerland. Ta koyar a makarantar Lahadi kuma ta shiga aikin mishan, wanda shine yadda a cikin 1893 ta sadu da mai fafutuka na zamantakewa Leonhard Ragaz,  wanda ta aura a 1901.  Ta ɗauki matsayin koyarwa a cikin kwarin Engadin,  yayin da mijinta ya yi aiki a matsayin babban malamin Furotesta na Chur tsakanin 1902 da 1906.  A cikin 1902, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Switzerland ( German   ),  wani reshe na motsin fushi na duniya a Switzerland.  A cikin 1907, ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta Union for the Advancement of Women ( German   ),  lokacin da ma'auratan ke Bern kuma mijinta ya yi hidima a matsayin fasto na Basel Minster . A cikin 1908, sun koma Zürich, inda Ragaz ya ci gaba da koyarwa kuma mijinta ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na tauhidi a Jami'ar Zurich .  A Zürich Ragaz ya shiga ƙungiyar masu saye da ake kira Social Buyers' League ( German   ), wanda ke nufin inganta halin da ma'aikata ke ciki ta hanyar sayen hanyoyin siye na masu amfani, kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na kungiyar har zuwa 1915.  Tare da Emma Pieczynska-Reichenbach ta yi aiki don inganta mafi ƙarancin albashin ma'aikata mata, gajeriyar sa'o'in aiki, da ingantaccen yanayin aiki. 

A cikin 1909, Ragaz ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan nunin Ayyukan Gida na Swiss ( German   ),  wanda ya ƙunshi kadi, aikin bambaro, cobbling da sauran kayan aikin hannu da mata suka ƙirƙira, amma kuma sun tattauna matsalolin mata masu aiki, rashin tsabta da ayyukan aikin yara.  A cikin 1913, ta shiga Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Switzerland kuma tare da mijinta sun yi aikin gurguzu na addini, suna gaskanta cewa bangaskiyar Kirista ta buƙaci lamiri na zamantakewa wanda ya mayar da hankali ga taimaka wa masu aiki.  A cikin 1915, Ragaz ya kafa kwamitin don zaman lafiya mai dorewa (Jamus: Komitee für einen dauernden Frieden )  kuma zai zama shugabansa har zuwa 1946.  A wannan shekarar, ta buga Women in Peace daga wani jawabi da ta bayar. A cikin 1919 ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo Majalisar Zurich zuwa birnin, wanda ya kai ga kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci .  Taron ya biyo bayan taron mata na Hague na 1915, wanda mata masu kishin kasa da kasa suka gudanar da ke neman kawo karshen yakin duniya na daya. Ragaz ita ce mai magana da yawun Majalisar Zurich, tare da mashahuriyar mata Jane Addams .  Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da WILPF na kasa da kasa a Geneva.  A cikin 1921, ta buga fassarar Tagore a matsayin Malami ta Emma Pieczynska-Reichenbach . A wannan shekarar, mijinta ya bar aikin jami’a kuma ma’auratan sun ƙaura zuwa gundumar Aussersihl don su zauna tare da ma’aikata a wurin. Sun himmatu ga jin daɗin rayuwar ma'aikata kuma Ragaz ya fara ba da laccoci a Makarantar Zaman Lafiya ta Mata ( German   . ). 

Ragaz ya fassara aikin Tushen Addini na Bisharar Jama'a ta Walter Rauschenbusch, ɗaya daga cikin littattafansa mafi tasiri, zuwa Jamusanci a cikin 1922.   A cikin 1929, Ragaz ya gaji Jane Addams a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙasashen duniya na WILPF. Saboda yawan aikin da za a yi, an yanke shawarar cewa za a raba nauyin da Addams ya ɗauka tare da Gertrud Baer da Emily Greene Balch .    A wannan shekarar, an nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar makarantar allo a Makarantar zamantakewar mata kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa 1946.  Ragaz, Baer, da Balch, waɗanda Kathleen Innes suka maye gurbinsu daga baya sun jagoranci WILPF a cikin shekarun yaƙi masu wahala, lokacin da suke kare kan iyakoki kuma a lokaci guda suna ba da shawarar matakin yaƙi da yaƙi.  Ita da mijinta duka sun yi murabus daga jam'iyyar gurguzu a 1935 saboda matsayin tsaron kasa.  Ta kasance mai himma a cikin harkar wanzar da zaman lafiya har zuwa karshen yakin. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Ragaz ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1957 a Zurich.  A cikin 2015, jerin laccoci na girmama aikinta na kwanciyar hankali sun gabatar da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Gabashin Swiss a St. Gallen, Switzerland. 

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

 Manazarta 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1957
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba