Camille Billops

Camille Josephine Billops (12 ga Agusta, 1933 - 1 ga Yuni, 2019)  ya kasance ɗan Afirka ne, mai yin fim, mai adana bayanai, mai buga takardu, kuma malami.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Billops a Los Angeles, California, ga iyayen Alma Gilmore, asalinsa daga Kudancin Carolina, da Luscious Billops, asalinsa ne daga Texas. Mahaifiyarta mai sutura ce, kuma mahaifinta mai dafa abinci ne.name=":2"> Sun yi aiki "a cikin hidima" ga dangin Beverly Hills, suna ba su damar samar mata da ilimin sakandare mai zaman kansa a Makarantar Katolika. name="HistoryMakers"> name="Winston"> name="BlackPast"> Yayinda take yarinya, ta zana baka da kibiya da 'yan tsana. Ta gano farkon fasaharta zuwa kirkirar iyayenta a cikin dafa abinci da yin ado.

Billops ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1960 daga Kwalejin Jihar Los Angeles, inda ta fi dacewa da ilimi ga yara masu nakasa. Ta sami digiri na BA daga Jami'ar Jihar California da kuma digiri na MA daga Kwalejin Birnin New York a shekarar 1975.  name="HistoryMakers">"Camille Billops". The History Makers. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

 Ayyuka 

 Fasahar gani 
Babban hanyar zane-zane na Billops shine zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Jersey City da Gidan Tarihin Zane, Bern, Switzerland. Nuninta na farko ya kasance a Gallerie Akhenaton, inda ta nuna tukwane da siffofi. Daga baya ta yi gwaji tare da daukar hoto, bugawa, da zanen.name=":2">"The Artist Who Gave Up Her Daughter" . Topic. May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019. Ta nuna a cikin nune-nunen mace daya da na rukuni a duk duniya, gami da Gallerie Akhenaton, Alkahira, Misira; Hamburg, Jamus; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Gimpel da Weitzenhoffer Gallery; da Gidan Tarihi na La Tertulia, Cali, Colombia . Ta kasance abokiyar dogon lokaci kuma abokin aiki na masanin buga takardu Robert Blackburn, wanda ta taimaka wajen kafa bita na farko a Asilah a shekarar 1978. name="HistoryMakers">"Camille Billops". The History Makers. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

 Fim din 
Kodayake ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai zane-zane, yumbu, da kuma mai zane, Billops an fi saninta da mai yin fim na baƙar fata. A shekara ta 1982, ta yi Suzanne, Suzanne, fim game da 'yar uwarta da warkewarta daga Jarabawar heroin. Ta ba da umarnin wasu fina-finai biyar, ciki har da Finding Christa a cikin 1991, wani aiki mai zurfi wanda ya lashe kyautar Grand Jury don shirye-shirye a bikin fina-fakka na Sundance na 1992.

Sauran ayyukan fim dinta sun hada da Tsofaffin Mata da Ƙauna a 1987, The KKK Boutique Ain't Just Rednecks (1994), Take Your Bags (1998) da A String of Pearls (2002). Ta samar da dukkan fina-finai tare da mijinta da kamfanin fim din su, Mom and Pop Productions .  name="HistoryMakers">"Camille Billops". The History Makers. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

Ayyukan fim na Billops sun kasance haɗin gwiwa tare da, da labarun game da, 'yan iyalinta. An samar da su tare da mijinta James Hatch kuma ya ba da kyautar dan Hatch a matsayin darektan daukar hoto. Suzanne, Suzanne tana nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin 'yar'uwar Billop Billie da 'yar Billie Suzanne. Neman Christa ya shafi 'yar Billops, wacce ta ba da ita don tallafi. Tsofaffin Mata da Ƙauna sun dogara ne akan soyayya ta kawun Billops.

 Tarin Hatch-Billops 
A shekara ta 1968, tarin Hatch-Billops ya fara ne bayan Billops ya sadu da James Hatch, farfesa na wasan kwaikwayo a UCLA, ta hanyar 'yar'uwar Billops, Josie Mae Dotson, wacce ɗalibar Hatch ce. name="Winston">Winston, Connie (Spring 2012). "The Art of Remembering: Camille Billop and James Hatch". Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art. 2012 (30): 36–43. doi:10.1215/10757163-1496453. ISSN 1075-7163. S2CID 191371722. Da yake amsawa ga rashin wallafe-wallafe game da fasahar Afirka da al'adu, Billops da Hatch sun fara tattara dubban littattafai da sauran kayan bugawa, fiye da 1,200 tambayoyi, da rubutun kusan 1,000. name="findingaids.library.emory.edu"> Da zarar an sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai tsawon mita 120 (37  a Lower Manhattan, tarin yanzu yana cikin ɗakunan ajiyar Camille Billops da James V. Hatch a Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, da Rare Books Library a Jami'ar Emory.

A cikin 1981, Billops da Hatch sun fara buga Artist and Influence: The Journal of Black American Cultural History, wata mujallar shekara-shekara da ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun "masu zane-zane" na Amurka a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Har zuwa yau, an yi rikodin tambayoyi sama da 400. name="Camille Billops and Jim Hatch - Archivists"> Mai zane da Tasiri kuma wani ɓangare ne na tarin a Emory.

 Ayyukan hadin gwiwa 
Billops ya yi aiki tare da mai daukar hoto James Van Der Zee da mawaki, masanin kimiyya, da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Owen Dodson a kan Harlem Book of the Dead, wanda aka buga a 1978 tare da gabatarwa ta Toni Morrison.  name="Winston">Winston, Connie (Spring 2012). "The Art of Remembering: Camille Billop and James Hatch". Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art. 2012 (30): 36–43. doi:10.1215/10757163-1496453. ISSN 1075-7163. S2CID 191371722. Billops ta yi wasa, America Hurrah, wanda ke nuna matsayin Amurka a wannan lokacin tare da mijinta James Hatch .  name="Meer 1992"> Ta kuma wallafa wani littafi, "The Art of Remembering", tare da Hatch .

 SoHo loft 
A farkon shekarun 1980s, Billops da Hatch sun sayi wani bene mai murabba'in ƙafa 4,000 a SoHo, Manhattan kuma sun faɗaɗa shi don haɗawa da ɗakin karatu, ofis da ɗakin karatu a buɗe ga ɗaliban Kwalejin Birnin New York. Ta ce, "Mun gayyaci kowa a nan: abokai, dalibai da fararen fata, masu zane-zane da masu kula da su. Mun sayar da zane-zane daga bangonmu. Na daina yin bara tun da daɗewa lokacin da na gano cewa zan iya sayar da fasaha ba tare da yin sumba da ganima ba.”name=":2">"The Artist Who Gave Up Her Daughter" . Topic. May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
A shekara ta 1955, Billops ya sadu da Stanford, wani hafsan soja da ke Los Angeles Air Force Base a El Segundo. An lura da shi a matsayin mai tsayi da kyau, kuma Billops daga baya ya ce, "Ina son shi, saboda yana da kyau... Shi ne duk abin da nake so ya zama. "Ta yi ciki a cikin 'yan watanni cikin dangantakarsu. Ba ta da sha'awar uwa, amma Billops ya ji ya tilasta girmama al'adun gargajiya na matar da uwa a lokacin. Ita da Stanford sun yi alkawari. Koyaya, an sallami Stanford daga aikin soja kuma ya ɓace kafin su iya yin aure. Daga baya aka haifi 'yarta, Christa.name=":2">"The Artist Who Gave Up Her Daughter" . Topic. May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.

A shekara ta 1959, 'yar'uwarta, Josie ta gabatar da Billops ga James V. Hatch, farfesa a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles. 'Yar'uwarta ta kasance ɗalibarsa. A lokacin, Hatch ta yi aure tare da yara biyu. Billops daga ƙarshe ya nace cewa Hatch ya bar iyalinsa don fara sabuwar rayuwa tare da ita, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi a farkon shekarun 1960.name=":2">"The Artist Who Gave Up Her Daughter" . Topic. May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019. A shekara ta 1960, Billops ta yanke shawarar ba da 'yarta, Christa, don tallafi, don jefa kanta cikin fasaharta. Billops ta ki yarda da iyalinta su dauki yaron. Ta kai 'yarta zuwa Los Angeles Children's Home Society of California, gidan marayu. A lokacin, Christa tana da shekaru hudu. Billops ya nemi Christa ta shiga cikin gidan wanka, kuma ta tafi. Daga baya wani mawaƙi na jazz ya karɓi Christa a Oakland .  Ita da Hatch sai suka ci gaba da rayuwa a Birnin New York, inda Hatch ya kasance farfesa na Turanci a CCNY, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo, sannan suka yi aure a shekarar 1987."Camille Billops". The History Makers. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

Lokacin da Christa ta girma, Camille ta ba ta damar shiga rayuwarta. Fim dinta na 1991 Finding Christa game da saduwa da 'yarta mai girma ne. A shekara ta 2016, Christa ta mutu daga gazawar zuciya tana da shekaru 59. Ta ki amincewa da aikin tiyata kuma an same ta kadai a cikin gidan ta na Bronx.

A cikin wata hira da Ameena Meer ta gudanar, Camille ta yi iƙirarin cewa mijinta ya rinjayi sauyawarta daga fasaha zuwa fim. A shekara ta 1996, Camille da mijinta sun kwashe wani lokaci a Indiya. A cikin watanni biyar da suka yi a Indiya, sun fuskanci rikice-rikicen al'adu tsakanin fasahar da take samarwa da al'adun Indiya. Saboda wannan rikici, ta bi hanyoyi daban-daban na fasaha. Camille, da farko, ta yi aiki a kan wasan kwaikwayo, sannan ta koma fim. name=":0">

 Bayyanawa 
Billops tana da salon da ya kasance na musamman a cikin bayyanarta. Abu na farko da Amena Meer ta gani  name=":0">Meer, Amina (2019). "Camille Billops". BOMB. 40 (40): 22–24. JSTOR 40424549. game da Camille shine tana sanye da kayan ado wanda ke da beads da ke dannawa a cikin suturarta, gashin tsuntsaye, hat na mutum, da idanu masu baƙar fata. Idanu masu baƙar fata sun yi kama da yadda mata ke rufe idanunsu a Misira ta dā. Har ila yau, tana da gashi mai gashi kuma tana sanye da ƙwallo na Afirka da Asiya. Da yake tana wasan kwaikwayo, an lura da salon ta.

 Kyaututtuka da girmamawa 

 1963: Fellowship daga Huntington Hardford Foundation 
 1975: MacDowell Colony Fellowship 
 1975-76: Kyautar Shekarar Mata ta Duniya 
 1992: Bikin Fim na Sundance, Babban Kyautar Jury don shirye-shirye don Finding ChristaNeman Christa
 1994: Kyautar James VanDerZee, Brandywine Graphic Workshop 

 Hotunan fina-finai 

 1982: Suzanne, Suzanne (Kadancin takardun shaida) - Daraktan
 1987: Tsofaffin Mata da Ƙauna (Kadancin Takaddun shaida) - Darakta
 1991: Finding Christa (Documentary) - Darakta, furodusa, marubuci
 1994: KKK Boutique Ba kawai Rednecks ba - Daraktan
 1998: Take Your Bags (Short) - Daraktan
 2002: A String of Pearls (Documentary) - Darakta, furodusa, mai tsara samarwa
 2009: Kuma Wannan Hanyar ce (Ƙaramin) - Manajan samarwa

 Zaɓuɓɓukan nune-nunen 

 2019: Gidan Tarihi na Georgia a Jami'ar Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia . 
 2016: Har yanzu suna tada jahannama: Fasaha, Ayyuka, da Tarihin Camille Billops da James V. Hatch, Atlanta, Georgia.
 1997: A cikin Minstrel Mask, Noel Fine Art Acquisitions, Charlotte, North Carolina 
 1991: Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, Oakland, California 
 1990: Kwalejin Clark, Atlanta, Jojiya 
 1986: Calkins Gallery, Jami'ar Hofstra, Hempstead, New York
 1983: Cibiyar Amurka, Karachi, Pakistan; Pescadores Hsien Library, Makung, Jamhuriyar Sin 
 1980: Buchandlung Welt, Hamburg, Jamus 
 1997: Jami'ar Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey 
 1973: Gidan Artista na Ornette Coleman, New York, New York 
 1965: Gallerie Akhenaton, Alkahira, Misira 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba