Harshen Maranao

Maranao ( Filipino    ; Jawi :  ), wani lokacin ana rubuta shi da Maranaw, Meranaw ko Mëranaw, yaren Australiya ne da mutanen Maranao ke magana a cikin lardunan Lanao del Sur da Lanao del Norte da garuruwansu na Marawi da Iligan da ke cikin Philippines, kuma ana samun su a Sabah, Malaysia . Ana magana tsakanin Moros a cikin yankin Bangsamoro mai cin gashin kansa a cikin Mindanao na musulmi .

Ya fi kusa da Iranun fiye da Danao_language" Maguindanao a cikin ƙungiyar Danao.

 Rarraba 
Ana magana da Maranao a cikin larduna masu zuwa:

• Dukan Lanao del Sur da Lanao del NorteLanao na Arewa

• Gundumar Arewa maso yammacin Maguindanao del Norte: Barira, Buldon, Parang, Matanog, Sultan Mastura, da Sultan Kudarat

• Gundumar Arewa maso yammacin Cotabato: Alamada, Banisilan, Carmen, Libungan, da Pigcawayan

• Gundumar Arewa maso yammacin Bukidnon: Talakag da Kalilangan

• Ƙananan sassa a bakin tekun Zamboanga del Sur 

dukansu suna cikin tsibirin Mindanao a kudancin Philippines.

 Tsarin rubuce-rubuce 
An rubuta Maranao a tarihi a cikin haruffa na Perso-Arabic da ake kira Jawi, waɗanda aka sani da Batang-a-Arab ko Batang Arab. Yanzu an rubuta shi da haruffa na Latin. Kodayake babu wani tsari na yau da kullun da aka ayyana a hukumance, Maranao an rubuta shi kamar yadda ya rinjayi tarurrukan Filipino na zamani. Wadannan sune haruffa da aka yi amfani da su wajen rubuta kalmomin asali:

A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y 

Gabaɗaya, ana furta sautuna biyu daban, alal misali, ana furtawa  a matsayin  .

Sautin  na ƙarshe a cikin diphthongs da "w" an yi musu alama da "-o" a cikin tsofaffin rubutun, kamar yadda yake a wasu harsunan Philippine, amma dukansu biyu a yau ana rubuta su a matsayin "w". Har ila yau, an yi amfani da "i" a cikin tsofaffin rubutun don fassara , wanda a halin yanzu ana rubuta shi a matsayin "Y".

"H" is only used for Malay loanwords, and "sh" (pronounced as ) is normally used for Arabic loanwords and names such as  (Isaac).

Ana amfani da "Di" ko "j" don fassara sauti , kamar radia / (daga kalmar Sanskrit don 'sarki', "Rāja") ko sunan Ingilishi John.

A wakiltar tsakiyar wasali (ko schwa) , marubuta daban-daban sun yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don wakiltar wannan sauti (misali "E" ko "U").  A cikin kafofin  zumunta, masu magana suna amfani da ko dai daga cikin haruffa biyu ko kuma kawai su bar shi babu komai (misali seud kuma ana iya rubuta  da  akan intanet). A halin yanzu, Hukumar kan Harshen Filipino ta ba da shawarar rubuta wannan sauti ta amfani da "Ë" don harsunan Philippine daban-daban a cikin 2013 Ortograpiyang Pambansa .

A cikin wani bita na Maranao Dictionary da McKaughan da Macaraya suka yi a cikin 1996,  an gabatar da digraph "'ae" kuma an yi amfani da shi don wakiltar kasancewar wasula . Koyaya, bincike na Lobel (2009,  2013 ) ya nuna cewa wannan na iya zama allophone na  bayan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden. McKaughan da Macaraya sun kuma yi amfani da "q" don tsayawar baki ba tare da la'akari da matsayi ba. Diphthongs kamar  an rubuta su a matsayin "ao, ai, oi".

Rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin binciken da Lobel (2009) shine wanda Aleem Abdulmajeed Ansano na Taraka (1943-2008), Sanata Ahmad Domocao "Domie" Alonto na Ramain (1914-2002), da Shaiekh Abdul Azis Guroalim Saromantang na Tugaya (1923-2003) suka haɓaka. A cikin wannan rubutun, an rubuta "masu amfani da wuya" /ph, th, kh, sh/ a matsayin "ph, th", kh, z".

 Fasahar sauti 
Da ke ƙasa akwai tsarin sauti na Maranao ciki har da siffofin sauti.

 Sautin sautin 
Maranao yana da sautin sautin guda huɗu waɗanda zasu iya zama kusa ko mafi girma lokacin da suke cikin wasu mahalli (duba ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙasa). Lobel, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2009).  Sakamakon tasowa na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙayyadada na iya haifar da binciken da ya gabata zuwa Kodayake binciken da ya yi a baya ya bincika sauti  a matsayin sauti daban (an rubuta shi da ae) maimakon allophone da aka ɗaga na .
+SautinLobel, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2009). A gabaTsakiyaKomawaKusa/i/
[i" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ɪ"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw1w" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">ɪ ~ ni]Tsakanin/ə/
[ə ~ ɨ]/o/
[ku="#mwt125" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"o"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw5w" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">o ~ u]Bude/a/
[a ~ ɤ]
Vowel [e] kawai yana faruwa a cikin kalmomin aro daga Mutanen Espanya ta hanyar Tagalog ko Cebuano da kuma daga Malay.

 Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi 
A cewar Lobel (2013), Maranao yana da waɗannan ƙwayoyin: 
+Sautin da aka yi amfani da shiBiyuwaDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarGishiriHancimnŋDakatar daRashin muryaptkʔMai nauyipʰtʰkʰMaganabdɡFricativeRashin muryasMai nauyisʰ (h) FlapɾHanyar gefenlKusanciwj
A cikin Maranao,  ba kalma ce ta phonemic-da farko  (kamar Ingilishi wanda ba na Philippines ba). Saboda haka,  ('aboki na') ana furta shi a hankali [la.jo.ka. klen].

Tun lokacin da manyan ƙwayoyin suka samo asali ne daga ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin, ana samun su ne kawai a cikin kalma.

Ana amfani da "r" don , ana amfani da "y" don , kuma ana amfani da ""ng" don 

 Rashin jituwa [h] 
A cewar Lobel (2013),  kawai yana faruwa a cikin 'yan kalmomin aro na Malay na baya-bayan nan: 

  'Allah'
  'alamu na taurari'
 Tunanin 'a gaban Allah'

k aro na Larabci da suka gabata tare da "h" waɗanda suka shiga Proto-Danao ko Maranao a baya an gane su a matsayin k.

  'halal (duk abin da aka yarda da shi a Islama) '
  'haram (duk abin da ba a yarda da shi a cikin Islama ba) ',
  'hadji (sunan mutumin da ya yi aikin hajji zuwa Makka) '
  'Hadith'

 Tsawon ma'anar 
Ana kuma furta ma'anar ma'ana idan an riga su da schwa  . Koyaya, wannan tsari ba wani nau'i ne na gemination ba tunda tsawo na consonant a Maranao ba ya bambanta kamar yadda aka gani a wasu Harsunan Philippine kamar Ilokano da Ibanag. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sune:

   'ka fita daga abin hawa'
   'mai mamaki; mai ban mamaki'

 Harshen harsashi da haɓaka wasula 
Tun daga shekara ta 2009, an ba da shawarar cewa binciken da ya gabata game da ilimin sauti na Maranao ya yi watsi da kasancewar "mai nauyi", Lobel, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2009).    waɗannan "mai nauyi" guda huɗu sun kasance /p" t" k" s. Ana ɗaga sautin da ke biye da waɗannan ƙwayoyin a matsayi.
Akwai yanayi huɗu masu yiwuwa don wannan ya ƙayyade ko za a ɗaga wasula ko a'a:

 Non-raising – 
 Obligatory raising – 
  is pronounced as  instead of 
 Optional raising – 
 Evidenced by some younger speakers writing  as .
 Transparent –  – the raising from the consonant before it will "pass through" and affect the following vowel.

Hakanan ana iya samun irin wannan sautin a cikin Madurese.

 Ci gaban tarihi 
Haɗakarwar ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta faru ne a cikin Danao da Subanon da suka gabata, inda maganganun ƙididdigari na farko suka biyo bayan na biyu (Fitowa: *-gp- > *-bp-).

Wani binciken da Allison ya yi  ya lura cewa Proto-Danao *b, *d, g * sun ɓace a cikin Maranao na zamani lokacin da aka samo su a gaban wasu ƙwayoyin da ke da wuri ɗaya na magana (Misali: *bp > *p), amma an kiyaye su a wasu wurare.

Lobel Lobel, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2009).  ya lura cewa wannan canjin sauti a zahiri ya haifar da siffofi biyu na ilimin sauti na Maranao: ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙayyadada (* > [-phɤ-]). Har ila yau, ƙididdigar ƙira ta haɓaka ta irin wannan hanyar a Kudancin (Lapuyan) Subanon, amma ba tare da ɗaga wasula ba.
+Canjin sautiBabban Babban Babban Tsakiyar PhilippineProto-DanaoMaguindanaonMaranao*-gp-, *-dp-, * -bp-*-bp- -bp- -ph-*-gt-, *-dt-, *-bt-*-da- -D. -th-*-gs-, *-ds-, *-bs-*-da- -ds- -z- *-gk-, *-dk-, *-bk-*-gk- -gk- -kh-

 Harshen harshe 

 Alamun shari'a 
Ya bambanta da Tagalog wanda ke da alamomi uku (ang / ng / sa), da Iloko wanda ke da biyu (ti /iti), Maranao yana da hudu: (so / ko / sa).
+Alamun shari'ar Maranao Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da suNa MutumShari'aBa tare da iyaka baTabbatacceMai banbanciYawancin mutaneNominative
(Maganar) Ergative
(Abin kai tsaye) Rubuce-rubuce / Wurin
(Benefactor / Wurin) 

Halitta

(Yana da sha'awa) 
Abin sha'awa,  ba shi da iyaka a Maranao, yayin da yake da iyaka / takamaiman a Cebuano da Tagalog.

 Wakilan sunaye 
Wakilan Maranao na iya zama kyauta ko ɗaure zuwa kalma / morpheme a gabanta.
Ma'anarNominative
(ba tare da kyauta ba) Nominative
(an ɗaure shi) Genitive / Ergative
(an ɗaure shi) Rashin amincewa
(ba tare da kyauta ba) Nakai (mutum ɗaya) shi/ta/shimu (dual) mu (ciki har da ku) mu (ba tare da ku ba) kai (da yawa) su
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 Kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su 
Da ke ƙasa akwai kalmomin da aka saba samu a cikin jimloli na Maranao, fassarorin su a Turanci, Cebuano, da Tagalog, da makamantansu kalmomi a cikin harsunan Philippine masu nisa.
MaranaoCebuanoTagalogSauran yaren yankin PH ko yarenTurancishineAlpa (Tausug) sa'an nanwannan shineyankiKinaray-a-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">ren (Kinaray-a) tunizai yi, nan ba da daɗewa baBa zai yi ba, babai yi baba tare da wani abu baDawn (Tausug), adda (Ilocano) akwai... (Bikol-Naga) haka neIban (Tausug) da kumaYa kasance, yao="#mwt321" data-ve-ignore="true" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Cebuano-language_text" id="mwA7s" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/>Sa'an nan kuma (Tausug) ko kumaAn ɗauke shi, ammaYa kamata, ya yi, ammasa'/sagawa'/saga'/ malayngkan (Tausug) duk da haka, ammaDili pud, Dili SabHindi rinko kuma (?) Katān (Tausug) dukImantoshigaYanayinMazaun (Tausug) yanzuhanyar da za a iyaoooo/opoHuun (Tausug) eh nesabapYa yi watsi da shiSa'an nan kumasabab, kalna' ko karna' (Tausug) sabodasilikiIsadaIsadata' (Tausug) kifisapi'bakabakasapi' (Maguindanaon & Tausug) saniyapagariigsuonGirmalanggung, taymanghud (Tausug) ɗan'uwaBaagobag-oBaagobagu (Tausug), baro (Ilocano) sabon abutahonBirniUwargidanWahu (Tausug) shekarakoda'KabayoKabayokura' (Tausug) dokisorabsuwabtamilsulab (Tausug) takobiDon'ya'A cikintaDuniyaDuniya' (Tausug) duniyadalendegdalugdogkulogdawgdug (Tausug) tsawasorga'samasamasulga' (Tausug) samanarka', diyahanammaras kyaumaras kyaunalka'/narka', jahanam (Tausug) jahannamaAn kashe shiSannu, tsadaMatsayiciwon daji (Tausug) kyakkyawa, kyakkyawaotinotintiti, kayan aikiUtin (Tausug) Jinin namiji, azzakariMutanen da ke cikin gidalanggamibonManuk-manuk (Tausug) tsuntsayediyandi'kasabotan, saadSojojin da suka yiYarinya' (Tausug) yarjejeniya, alkawari

 Rubutun samfurin 

 Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya 
Maranao:    .      Cebuano:    .      

Bayanan Kula

 Manazarta 

Category:Harsuna 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba