Mary Jane Makomar

Mary Jane Fate (née Evans ; an haife ta a watan Satumba 4, 1933 - Afrilu 10, 2020)  yar gwagwarmayar Koyukon Athabascan ce. Ta kasance memba mai kafa ungiyar 'Yan Asalin Fairbanks da Cibiyar Alaska Native Arts kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'Yan Asalin Alaska . Ta kafa jaridar Tundra Times kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin darekta na hukumar kamfanoni na Alaska Airlines sama da shekaru ashirin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Alaska ta Alaska tsakanin 1988 zuwa 1989, mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayinta, kuma ita ce shugaba ta uku kuma memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Matan Indiya ta Arewacin Amurka . Fate ta yi aiki a kwamitoci daban-daban da nazarin kasa kan batutuwan da suka shafi 'yan asalin kasar. Ita ce mai kula da ayyukan binciken mata da nakasassu, ta yi aiki a matsayin mamba ɗaya tilo a cikin Hukumar Binciken Arctic ta Amurka kuma ta kasance mamba a Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Ƙididdiga ta Amurka kan yawan ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ta sami karramawa da kyaututtuka da yawa saboda ƙwazo a madadin ƴan ƙasar Amirka kuma an shigar da ita cikin Babban Taron Mata na Alaska a cikin 2014.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Mary Jane Evans a cikin 1933 a Rampart, a cikin Ƙasar Amurka ta Alaska, ga Sally (née Woods, daga baya Hudson) da Thomas George Evans, Jr.   An haife ta a cikin rayuwar rayuwa a kogin Yukon, tana zaune tare da danginta a cikin tantuna a lokacin hunturu lokacin tarko, kamun kifi don tsira a lokacin bazara.  Mahaifinta ma'aikacin tarko ne kuma mai ɗaukar wasiku.  Bayan kammala karatun firamare, Evans ta halarci Makarantar kwana ta Ofishin Harkokin Indiya a Dutsen Edgecumbe a Sitka, a matsayin wani bangare na manufofin Makarantar Mazauna Indiya ta Amurka.  Ta sauke karatu a shekarar 1952.   Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da karatun lissafin kudi a Jami'ar Alaska kuma a lokaci guda ta yi aiki a kamfanin jiragen sama na Wien Alaska don biyan kuɗin makaranta.   A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1954, ta auri Hugh Fate, Jr.,  wanda zai zama likitan haƙori kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin Baƙin Amurkawa. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya mata uku, Janine, Jennifer da Julie.  Diyarsu Julie ta auri Sanata Dan Sullivan na Alaska a Amurka.  Ta rene danginta a hanyar Athabascan, tana ciyarwa kowane lokacin rani a sansanin kifin da suke rayuwa a kogin Yukon. 

 Sana'a 
Bayan aurenta, Fate ta koma aiki a kamfanin jiragen sama na Wien Alaska. Fate da mijinta sun kasance ɓangare na membobin da suka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Fairbanks wadda ta shirya a 1962 da 1963. A lokaci guda kuma, ta shiga cikin jaridar Tundra Times, kungiyar labarai ta farko da aka rubuta kuma ta 'yan asalin Alaska, wanda ba kawai don sanar da al'umma muhimman al'amura a fadin jihar ba, har ma da shugabannin majalisar dokokin jihar kan batutuwan da 'yan asalin yankin ke ganin sun zama dole. Fate ta kasance a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na jaridar kuma ta kasance sakatariyar hukumar ta jaridar.

Gane ƙarancin damar ilimi ga ƴan ƙasar Alaska, Fate ta shiga cikin kwamitin ilimi na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Asalin Fairbanks   a cikin 1962. Ta yi aiki a kan nazarin shekaru shida na tsarin ilimi don tantance dalilan da suka sa ilimi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa a Alaska. Fate ta ba da shaida a zaman majalisar dokokin jihar kan sakamakon binciken da suka yi, inda ta nuna cewa yawancin daliban karkara ko dai ba su yi makarantar sakandare ba ko kuma sun halarci wuraren da ba su isa ba da ke da nisa daga gidajensu.  Kwamitin ya matsa kaimi da a gina dakunan kwanan dalibai a garuruwa domin baiwa daliban yankunan karkara damar halartar manyan makarantu.  Ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na ƙauyen Alaskan na Alaska don nunin Alaska 67 Centennial  kuma ta yi aiki a Gidauniyar Asibiti ta Fairbanks,  kafin ta shiga cikin sasantawa na 'Yan Asalin Alaska. Sharuɗɗa na Dokar Matsakaicin Da'awar 'Yan Asalin Alaska (ANCSA) a karon farko sun ba ƙauyukan ƴan asalin ƙasa da jari don saka hannun jari a ilimi.  Yarjejeniyar ta ba da kadada miliyan 44 na fili da dala miliyan 962.5 don ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar Alaska damar kafa ƙungiyoyin yanki goma sha biyu don sarrafa kadarorin.  Fate ya zama shugaban Kamfanin Kauyen Rampart, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1971 a matsayin ɗayan waɗannan yankuna  kuma ya yi aiki don tabbatar da cewa ƴan asalin ƙasar sun yi rajista don rabawa a cikin matsugunin. 

Fate ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar matan Indiyawan Arewacin Amurka (NAIWA) wacce ta kafa a 1970 a Fort Collins, Colorado .  Kungiyar ita ce rukuni na farko na Indiyawan mata na Indiya da suka shirya tare da dandalin kasa.  A shekarar 1975, Fate ta zama shugabar NAIWA ta uku, inda ta gaji Agnes Dill .   kuma yayi aiki har zuwa 1977.  Damuwa game da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar Alaskan kuma batun Fate ne, kuma a cikin 1970s, ta yi magana a taro game da matsalolin  kuma tare da Nancy Murkowski da sauransu sun kafa Cibiyar Gano Ciwon Kankara a Fairbanks a cikin 1975.   Ta jagoranci wani shirin tarayya na bukatu na musamman na yara Indiyawa naƙasassu da Matsalolin Mata Indiya wanda ya fara a cikin 1977, don tattarawa da tattara bayanai game da cin zarafin yara, abinci mai gina jiki, nakasar jiki da ta hankali, fyade, tarbiyyar yara guda ɗaya, da cin zarafin mata. Bugu da ƙari, shirin ya kimanta kasancewar sabis na zamantakewa don magance irin waɗannan batutuwa, ciki har da kimanta kayan aiki da cancantar da ake bukata ga masu kulawa.  A 1978, ta halarci taron kasa na Rural American Women Inc., wanda aka gudanar a Washington, DC Manufar taron ita ce tattauna matsalolin da mata ke fuskanta, amma musamman matsalolin, kamar keɓewa da rashin ayyuka, wanda ya haɗa da batutuwan da suka shafi matan da ba sa zaune a cikin birane. 

A cikin 1981 an nada Fate don yin aiki a Majalisar Shari'a ta Alaska kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 1987.  An zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar tare da Henry Ivanoff na kungiyar Alaska ta Alaska tsakanin 1988 zuwa 1989 kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin.    A cikin 1990, an nada ta zuwa Hukumar Alaska ta Alaska kuma bayan shekaru biyu aka zabe ta shugabar hukumar tare da Perry Eaton. Manufar hukumar, wani bangare na hadin gwiwar Hukumar Tarayya da Jiha kan Manufofi da Shirye-shiryen Taimakawa 'Yan Asalin Alaska, shine kammala nazari na tsawon shekaru biyu tare da ba da shawarwari ga tsarin dabarun mu'amalar gwamnati da al'ummar kasar.   A cikin 1991, Fate ya yi aiki a ƙungiyar miƙa mulki ga zababben gwamna Wally Hickel kuma a cikin 1993, an nada shi don yin aiki a Hukumar Gudanarwa na Jami'ar Alaska . 

A cikin 1998, Fate ta sami lambar yabo ta wayar da kan cutar daji ta ƙasa daga Ayyukan Iyali na Majalisa don faɗakar da cutar kansa saboda aikinta na kiwon lafiya.  Shugaba George HW Bush ne ya nada ta don yin aiki a Hukumar Binciken Arctic ta Amurka a 2001. Manufar hukumar, ita ce kafa manufofin bincike na kimiyya na kasa don yankin Arctic, wanda ke kula da mazauna da albarkatun kasa. Fate ita ce kawai 'yar asalin Amurka da ta yi aiki a hukumar a lokacin wa'adinta wanda ya kasance har zuwa 2006. A cikin 2003, Shugaba George W. Bush ya nada ta ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Ƙididdiga ta Amirka kan Indiyawan Amirka da Alaska.  A cikin 2012 Fate ya sami karramawa ta Ƙungiyar Alaska ta Alaska tare da lambobin yabo na shugaban kasa guda biyu, suna karɓar lambar yabo ta Jama'a da lambar yabo ta Jama'a na shekara,  mafi girman girmamawa da hukumar ta ba.  An shigar da ita cikin dakin Fame na Mata na Alaska a cikin 2014. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutattun 2020
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933