Ona Mašiotienė

Ona Mašiotienė née Brazauskaitė ( Polish   ; 9 Satumba 1883 - 29 Disamba 1949) malamar Lithuania ne kuma shugaba, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata kuma marubuci. Ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar mata ta Lithuania, kungiyar kare hakkin mata ta farko a kasar, kuma ta yi lacca kan bukatar daidaiton maza da mata. Da yake matsa lamba kan 'yancin mata da kuma 'yancin kai na Lithuania, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na al'ummomi daban-daban da kuma wakili a tarurrukan siyasa da majalisu da dama. A matsayinta na malama, ta shirya wasan motsa jiki na farko na 'yan mata na harshen Lithuania a Vilnius kuma ta kasance shugabar makarantar sakandare a Kaunas sama da shekaru goma. A cikin 1921, an zabe ta don yin aiki a majalisar yankin Utena na wa'adi biyu. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kuma shugabar farko na ƙungiyar mata ta Lithuania . Gwamnatin Lithuania mai cin gashin kanta ta karɓe ta da kyaututtuka na ƙasa, an kore ta daga aikin koyarwa bayan Soviets sun sake kafa ikon ƙasar.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Ona Brazauskaitė a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1883 a ƙauyen  a cikin Anykščiai Parish na Daular Rasha zuwa Jadwiga ( née Michalowska, wanda kuma aka sani da Jadvyga Mikalauskaitė) da Gustavas Brazauskas (Gustaw Brzezowski).   Iyayenta sun hadu a lokacin da aka daure Brazauskas a kurkuku saboda shiga cikin tawaye na 1863 akan mulkin Rasha tare da mahaifin Jadwiga. Daga cikin manyan al'adunmu, danginta masu 'ya'ya takwas suna magana da Yaren mutanen Poland a gida amma an raba su akan ko an bayyana su da Lithuanian ko Yaren mutanen Poland . Brazauskas ya ba da shawarar samun haɗin kai na Lithuania da Yaren mutanen Poland kuma ya rarraba littattafai a cikin yaren Lithuania, aikin da aka haramta a lokacin . 

Ta kammala karatunta da bambanci daga makarantar sakandare ta Kaunas Girls a kusa da 1900, Brazauskaitė ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunta don zama malami. Iyayenta, ko da yake suna iya samun kuɗin karatunta, ba su yarda da babbar makarantar mata ba, amma wata inna ta shiga don ba da kuɗin Brazauskaitė don ci gaba da karatu a Moscow .  Ta shiga cikin darussan kimiyyar halitta a Moscow Higher Courses for Women .  Yayin da take karatu, ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar dalibai ta Lithuania ta Moscow kuma ta kasance mai sha'awar ƙungiyoyin mata da ke gudana a yammacin Turai. Kasancewar mai ba da shawara kan yancin mata, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta Lithuania, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Lithuania ( Lithuanian   ), a cikin Satumba 1905. An zabe shi a matsayin wakili na biyu na Congress na All-Russian Union for Women's Equality, wanda aka gudanar a watan Oktoba, Brazauskaitė ya halarci taron kafin ya koma Lithuania don shiga cikin Babban Seimas na Vilnius da aka gudanar a watan Disamba. 

Bayan da aka gudanar da taron, shugabannin mata sun hadu a Okulič estate a  don tsara mata don yakar mulkin kama karya . Brazauskaitė ya yi kira ga matan da su matsa lamba don neman 'yancin ɗan adam da daidaito, da 'yancin 'ya'yansu na ilimi da horar da su cikin yaren Lithuania.  Ba da daɗewa ba, mai yiwuwa a cikin 1906-1907, ta auri , ɗan'uwan marubuci Pranas Mašiotas da kuma ɗalibar Lithuania da ta sadu da ita yayin karatu a Moscow.   Ta taimaka wajen shirya taron mata na Lithuania na farko da aka gudanar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Satumba 1907 a Kaunas sannan ta koma Vilnius, inda ta taimaka wajen tsara kungiyar matan Lithuania ( Lithuanian   ).  A cikin 1909, ta haifi ɗa tilo, 'yar Ona. 

 Sana'a 
Tsakanin 1911 da 1914, Mašiotienė ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare a Vilnius, amma tare da zuwan yakin duniya na farko, matasan iyali sun gudu zuwa Moscow. Ta shirya Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta Lithuania kuma ta zama shugabar ta, ta yi aiki a 1917 a matsayin mai magana da yawun kungiyar a Majalisar Lithuania da aka gudanar a Saint Petersburg .  Ta yi jawabi a wajen taron kan hakkin mata.  Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar 'Yanci ba ta yi nasara ba kuma ba ta dade ba. 

Bayan Lithuania ta ayyana 'yancin kai a cikin 1918, Mašiotienė ta koma Vilnius tare da danginta. Ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci dakin motsa jiki na farko na 'yan mata a cikin yaren Lithuania a can kuma ta gudanar da darussan maraice a cikin harshen Rashanci, don taimaka wa waɗanda suka fara karatu a wannan yaren su kammala karatunsu. Jami'an Poland sun rufe makarantar a lokacin Yaƙin Poland-Lithuania a 1919. A wannan shekarar, an zabe ta ta yi hidima a hukumar kula da kungiyar malamai ta Lithuania da kuma kwamitin wucin gadi na Lithuania a Vilnius. Ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe ta mayar da hankali kan inganta al'adun Lithuania kuma Mašiotienė ya yi aiki don 'yancin kai na kasa ta hanyar ƙaddamar da goyon baya na jama'a. Ta bukaci mata da su shiga aikin yaki da kare kasa. 

A cikin 1921, a matsayin memba na kwamitin ƙungiyar mata ta Lithuania, an zaɓi Mašiotienė don yin aiki a majalisar yankin Utena, [1] wanda shine gundumar da ke cikin ƙauyen Šlavėnai. Karkashin sake fasalin filaye da aka yi a shekara mai zuwa, an rage mata kadarorin kakanninta kuma an bar ta da 80 hectares (200 acres) na fili, wanda ta ci gaba da amfani da ita a matsayin gonakin bazara. A cikin ragowar shekarar, Mašiotienė da danginta sun zauna a Kaunas, inda ta koyar da ilimin kimiyyar halitta a makarantun sakandaren yankunan. An sake zabe ta a majalisar yankin a 1924 kuma ta yi wa'adin shekaru hudu. [1]

A cikin 1928, Mašiotienė ya zama shugaban Makarantar Sakandare ta 2nd Kaunas .  A wannan shekarar, ba da daɗewa ba bayan wata ziyara a watan Satumba na Louise CA van Eeghen, mamba a kwamitin kula da mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (ICW), ta kuma kafa Majalisar Mata ta Lithuania ( Lithuanian   ). Wata kungiya ce ta hada kan kungiyoyin mata 17.  Kusan da aka kafa LMT, ƙungiyar ta shiga ICW a matsayin memba mai alaƙa. A cikin 1929, Mašiotienė ya halarci taron ICW a London .   An zabe ta don yin hidima a hukumar LMT kuma ita ce shugabar ta har zuwa 1934. 

Mašiotienė ya shiga cikin shirin lafiyar yara da ake kira Pieno lašas (digon madara) kuma ya fara ɗaukar shirye-shiryen rediyo a cikin 1930. Na farko, wanda ya mai da hankali kan shawarwarin gida da al'amuran kiwon lafiya an biya su azaman Tattaunawar Ann da Marian ( Lithuanian   ). A wannan shekarar, jihar ta gane ayyukanta na jama'a, lokacin da aka ba ta lambar yabo na Grand Duke Gediminas na Lithuania a mataki na uku da kuma odar Vytautas mai girma a cikin digiri na farko .   Ta yi aiki a shirin gidan rediyo na gida da mace ( Lithuanian   wanda ya fara watsawa a cikin 1933  kuma ya ba da gudummawar labarai ga wallafe-wallafen kamar Lietuvos aidas, Lietuvos žinios, , Moteris ir pasaulis da sauransu.  A cikin 1937, a Majalisar da aka shirya don tunawa da taron farko da aka gudanar a 1907, Mašiotienė ya gabatar da takarda, Ayyukan Siyasa da na Kasa na Mata daga 1907 zuwa 1937, wanda aka buga a matsayin littafi a shekara mai zuwa. 

Yaƙin Duniya na II ya kawo gagarumin canje-canje ga rayuwar Mašiotienė. 'yarta ta bar ƙasar a cikin 1944,  ta koma Ostiraliya .  An hana ta koyarwa, kuma ko da yake an ƙyale ta ta zauna a gidanta, ita da mijinta sun ba da kansu don shiga kolkhoz, ƙungiyar noma ta Soviet. Mijinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1948, ya bar Mašiotienė a cikin mawuyacin hali tare da ɗan abinci ko itace.  Mašiotienė ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1949, yana da shekaru 66, a asibiti a Kaunas kuma an binne shi a makabartar Petrašiūnai . 

 Manazarta 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1883
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