Hannah Sen

Hannah Sen (1894 – 1957) malama ce ta Indiya, ‘yar siyasa, kuma ƴan mata. [1] Ta kasance memba na farko na Indiya Rajya Sabha (majalisar koli) daga 1952 zuwa 1957 kuma shugabar taron Mata na Indiya a 1951-52. Ita ce ta kafa kuma darekta na farko na Kwalejin Lady Irwin a Delhi. Ta kuma wakilci Indiya a hukumar kula da matsayin mata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma UNESCO, kuma ta kasance mai ba gwamnatin Indiya shawara kan farfado da mata da yara 'yan gudun hijira bayan raba Indiya .

 Rayuwa da ilimi 
An haifi Hannah Sen Hannah Guha, ga Pearay Mohan Guha (lauya) da Simcha Gubbay, mace Bayahudiya Baghdadi . Daga baya mahaifinta ya koma addinin Yahudanci shi ma, Hannatu da ’yan’uwanta uku sun girma cikin addinin Yahudawa. 'Yar'uwar Hannah, Regina Guha, ita ma ta sami horo a matsayin lauya, kuma ta yi yaƙi da shari'ar farko a Indiya don ba mata damar shiga aikin lauyoyi. A cikin 1925, Hannah ta auri Satish Chandra Sen, masanin rediyo daga Mumbai. Suna da 'ya daya, Shanta, wadda ta yi karatu a Indiya daga baya kuma a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr.

 Sana'a 
Sen ya yi karatu a Kolkata, yana karatu a Makarantar Memorial Pratt da Kwalejin Diocesan. Ta samu digirin digirgir na Arts da digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Calcutta, tare da bambancin ajin farko a digiri biyu. Sen ta dauki alƙawura da yawa na koyarwa bayan ta kammala karatunta, tana koyarwa a Makarantar ’Yan Mata ta Yahudawa da ke Calcutta, inda ‘yar uwarta Regina Guha ce shugabar makaranta, sannan ta zama shugabar makarantar ‘yan mata a Mumbai a 1922. 

Bayan aurenta a 1925, ta yi tafiya tare da mijinta zuwa Ingila, inda dukansu suka ci gaba da karatun digiri. Sen ya sami Diploma na Malamai daga Jami'ar London, kuma ya ci gaba a can a matsayin mai bincike, yana aiki tare da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da farfesa Charles Spearman . Chakrabarti, Kaustav (2017). ""Revisiting the Educational and Literacy Activities among the Jewish Women of Calcutta"". International Journal of Social Science Studies. 5 (3): 45–50. doi:10.11114/ijsss.v5i3.2241 – via HeinOnline. Yayin da yake birnin Landan, Sen ya fito fili ya ba da shawarar ilimin mata, kuma ya gabatar da jawabi ga 'yan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya, kan kalubale da yanayin da mata ke fuskanta a Indiya. "Baghdadi Jewish Women in India". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 28 November 2020. Ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa tare da Ƙungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya a London da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Duniya, kuma a cikin 1929, ta kasance wanda ya kafa Indo-British Mutual Welfare League, ƙungiyar mata da ta kafa hanyar sadarwa na Birtaniya da Indiyawa masu cin gashin kansu a cikin ayyukan ilimi.  

Wani ɗan siyasa kuma mawaƙi, Sarojini Naidu, ya shawo kan Sen ya koma Indiya don taimakawa a ƙoƙarin inganta ilimin mata da kuma shiga cikin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai na Indiya . Ta taimaka wajen kafa Kwalejin Lady Irwin a Delhi a 1932, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan kwalejin har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1947. Wani gini da ake da shi a harabar kwalejin Lady Irwin ana kiransa da sunan Hannah Sen. "Recalling Jewish Calcutta | Hannah Sen · 04 Women Pioneers" . www.jewishcalcutta.in. Retrieved 28 November 2020. A lokacin tarzoma a Delhi yayin da ake gudanar da rabon Indiya, ta bude harabar kwalejin Lady Irwin don ba wa musulmi da daliban Sikh mafaka daga tarzomar 'yan Hindu, duk da cewa tana fuskantar barazana ga kanta saboda yin hakan. 

A cikin 1948, Sen yana cikin wani kwamiti da aka kafa don ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Indiya game da inganta ilimin sakandare a kasar.  Tsakanin 1952 zuwa 1957, ta kasance memba na farko Rajya Sabha, majalisa mai girma a majalisar dokokin Indiya.  An kuma gayyace ta don yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ma'aikatar agaji da gyarawa ta gwamnatin Indiya mai zaman kanta, tare da ɗan siyasa Rameshwari Nehru da Manmohini Zutshi Sahgal .  Ta taimaka wa ma’aikatar tare da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa mata da yara ‘yan gudun hijira biyo bayan Rarraba Indiya.  Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin Babban Taron Mata na Indiya kuma daga 1951 zuwa 1952 ta zama shugabar ta.  Sen ya kasance abokin tarayya ne na shugabanni da dama a cikin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai na Indiya, kuma yana da hannu sosai tare da tsari da shirin jana'izar Mahatma Gandhi, musamman ya shiga tsakani lokacin da masu jima'i suka nuna rashin amincewa da daukar hoto na Amurka Margaret Bourke-White na jana'izar. Sen ya raka Bourke-White daga jana'izar kuma ya bukace ta da ta daina yin amfani da daukar hoto don hana rushewar jana'izar. Bourke-White bai mutunta bukatar Sen, kuma daga karshe an bukaci ya bar jana'izar. 

Bayan ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa, Sen ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin mata na duniya da kuma himma. Ta kasance mai kallo a All India Conference of Social Work a New York, 1948, kuma ta wakilci sha'awar Indiya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kwamitocin akan Matsayin Mata a 1950-51. Har ila yau, ta kasance cikin tawagar Indiya zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Jin Dadin Yara, a London, 1950, kuma memba na tawagar Indiya zuwa UNESCO a Paris, 1951. Har ila yau, Sen ya kasance tare da al'ummar Yahudawa a Delhi, kuma ya ba da gudummawar kudade don kafa majami'a a Delhi. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1957
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba