Lakshmibai Rajwade

Rani Lakshmibai Rajwade ( née Joshi,shekarar alif dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da bakwai 1887–zuwa shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da hudu 1984) likitan likitancin Indiya ne, ɗan mata, kuma mai ba da shawara kan tsarin iyali. Ta kasance mai fafutuka kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata na yin zabe a Indiya, kuma ta jagoranci taron mata na Indiya duka tare da rike mukamin sakatariyarsa. Ita ce marubuciyar wani rahoto mai tasiri kan rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin tattalin arzikin Indiya a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da takwas 1938, da kuma wani karfi mai karfi wajen daukar matakan kayyade iyali a matsayin wani bangare na ajandar neman 'yancin kai na Indiya. Rajwade ya kuma wakilci Indiya a duniya, a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ya taimaka wajen kulla alaka tsakanin kungiyoyin mata na Indiya da kungiyoyin mata na duniya. [1]

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Lakshmibai Rajwade a matsayin Lakshmi Joshi a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da bakwai 1887 ga Sir Moropant Vishvanath Joshi, lauya, kuma mai fafutukar siyasa daga Larduna ta Tsakiya da Berar, da Lady Yashodabai Joshi.  Ta yi karatun likitanci a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiyar Grant da ke Bombay, kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a Ingila, tare da tallafin Gopal Krishna Gokhale . Ta auri Manjo Janar CR Rajwade, tsohon sarkin Gwalior, kuma an ba ta sarautar ' Rani ' (Sarauniya) ta Gwalior. Rajwade ya kasance bazawara, kuma ta dauki ‘ya’yansa shida, wadanda suka kunshi maza hudu da mata biyu. Ta rasu a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da hudu 1984. 

 Aiki 
Rajwade ta yi aikin likitanci a Bombay tsawon rayuwarta. 

Har ila yau, ta kasance da haɗin kai tare da bayar da shawarwari na mata da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin mata, kuma ta ba da shawarar musamman ga 'yancin mata na zabe a majalisar dokoki a Indiya ta mulkin mallaka . A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha’bakwai 1917, Rajwade, tare da Sarojini Naidu, Annie Besant, da S. Naik, an ba su wata hira ta sirri tare da Edwin Montagu da Viscount Chelmsford, Mataimakin Mataimakin Indiya, bayan da suka ba da sanarwar zaɓe a cikin shawarwarin Canjin Montagu-Chelmsford . A yayin wannan hirar, sun bayyana rashin samun mata a majalisun dokoki a matsayin abin takaici, kuma sun yi nuni da shigar da su cikin harkokin zabe.  A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya 1931, ta kasance memba na kwamitin tsarawa a cikin Babban Taron Mata na Indiya, wanda Sarojini Naidu ke jagoranta, kuma ya ƙunshi Hansa Mehta, Taraben Premchand, Margaret Cousins, Faiz Tyabji, Hilla Rustomji Fardoonji, Shareefa Hamid Ali, Malini Sukhtankar da kanta. Sun gabatar da rahoto ga taron Tebur na Zagaye na Biyu, suna kira da a ba da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar dukiyoyi na duniya da kuma nuna adawa da matakin tabbatar da mata a cikin tsarin zaɓe. 

A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin biyu 1932, Rajwade kuma ya kasance mai himma a ƙoƙarin kafa haɗin gwiwa da alaƙa tare da ƙungiyoyin mata da ƙungiyoyi a wajen Indiya, musamman a cikin Asiya. Tare da Margaret Cousins, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin farkon waɗanda suka kafa taron mata na Asiya duka .  A cikin wannan mahallin, Rajwade ya kasance mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, yana jayayya a cikin wani jawabi a taron mata na Indiya a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya 1931 cewa ya kamata a ba da goyon baya ga 'yancin dukan al'ummomi na cin gashin kansu. 

Rajwade ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwa tare da aikin Babban Taron Mata na Indiya, kuma a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya dari da tara da talatin da daya 1931 ya ba da jawabi mai mahimmanci game da tsarin iyali ga taron, da farko ya ba da shawarar amincewa da ƙuduri don ƙirƙirar "kwamitin mata likitoci don yin nazari da bayar da shawarar hanyoyi da hanyoyin ilmantar da jama'a don tsara girman iyalansu."  Ƙudurin bai yi nasara ba, amma Rajwade ya ci gaba da shirya tallafi don shigar da mata cikin tsarin iyali a taron ta shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da biyu 1932, kuma a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da talatin da uku 1933, an amince da ƙuduri.  A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da biyar 1935, Rajwade ita ce Babban Sakatare na Babban Taron Mata na Indiya, kuma a Margaret Cousins ' arfafa, mai ba da shawara kan hana haihuwa kuma malami Margaret Sanger don yin lacca a taron. Duk da adawa da jawabinta, Cousins sun sami damar yin magana a wurin taron, suna ba da shawarar cewa taron mata na Indiya duka ya taka rawar gani a cikin tsarin iyali.   Daga shekarar alif dubu 1939 zuwa 1940, Rajwade ita ce shugabar taron mata na Indiya duka . 

A cikin 1938, Rajwade ya jagoranci kwamitin kula da mata, a cikin Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Majalisar Dokokin Indiya. A matsayinta na shugaba, ta rubuta kuma ta buga wani rahoto da aka yaɗa kan tsarin iyali a cikin 1940, wanda ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da matakai don sarrafa haifuwa da tallafawa amincewa da gudummawar mata ga tattalin arziki. Ramusack, Barbara N. (1989). "Embattled Advocates: The Debate Over Birth Control in India, 1920-40". Journal of Women's History. 1 (2): 34–64. doi:10.1353/jowh.2010.0005. ISSN 1527-2036. S2CID 144635807.  Rahoton, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "mai ra'ayin zamani" daga masana Mary E. John, ya yi jayayya da amincewa da yancin tattalin arzikin mata, ciki har da gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ga tattalin arziki ta hanyar yin aiki a cikin gida ba tare da biya ba.  Ta samu 'yan adawa daga mambobin kungiyar ta kasa, inda Jawaharlal Nehru ya rubuta wa Rajwade cewa adawar jama'a ga batun tsarin iyali zai kasance mai tsanani, kuma yana mai cewa "Dole ne mutum ya kusanci batun ta hanyar da ba ta da kyau ga manyan mutane." 

A cikin 1938, haka ma, Rajwade ya ba da wani muhimmin jawabi a taron mata na Indiya duka, yana adawa da haɗin kai, tare da yin kira ga ƙungiyoyin mata don haɓaka ra'ayin addini. Ta ce, "Ina da yakinin cewa hadin kan mata ne zai zama babbar hanyar samar da fahimtar 'yan'uwa har ma da hada kai a tsakanin al'ummomin da ake ganin sun rabu a wannan kasa."  A cikin 1933, Rajwade a baya ya rubuta wa gwamnatin Burtaniya a madadin Babban Taron Mata na Indiya, yana adawa da lambar yabo ta jama'a, wanda ya kafa zaɓe daban-daban a Indiya bisa tushen addini.  A cikin 1950, Rajwade yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilai uku na Indiya zuwa Majalisar Tattalin Arziƙi da Zamantakewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1984
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba