Carolyn Attneave

Carolyn Lewis Attneave (an haife ta ne a ranar 2 ga watan Yuli, na shekara ta 1920 - 22 ga Yuni, 1992) an haife ta ne a El Paso, Texas, ga iyayen ta 'yan asalin ƙasar Scandinavia da Delaware. Attneave ta shafe mafi yawan shekarunta na farko a Kudancin Texas, amma sau da yawa tana ciyar da lokacin rani tare da danginta na Delaware a Oklahoma. Tushenta na al'adu zai ci gaba da rinjayar shawarar da ta yanke na bincike daban-daban. Attneave ta sami digiri na farko a Turanci da gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Jihar Chico a California a 1940. Za ta zauna a Kwalejin Jihar Chico don samun wani digiri na farko a makarantar sakandare. Bayan ta kwashe shekaru shida a matsayin malamar makaranta, ta sami digiri na biyu da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar asibiti daga Jami'ar Stanford a 1947 da 1952, bi da bi.

 Ayyuka da bincike 
Attneave ita ce mace ta farko ƴar asalin Amurka da ta sami digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam. Ana iya cewa ita ce "mafi shahara a cikin ƴan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam masu asalin Indiyawan Amurka."
A shekara ta 1962, Attneave ta koma Oklahoma don aiki da Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Oklahoma, inda ta ba da hidimar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga kabilu bakwai na Indiyawan Amurka a yankin. Wannan aiki ya shafi kokarinta na gaba na samar da hanyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa na musamman ga Indiyawan Amurka.
A shekarar 1968, ta koma Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, don aiki a asibitin kula da yara. A nan ne ta fara mai da hankali kan maganin hanyar sadarwa (network therapy), wani madadin asibiti inda marasa lafiya ke mai da hankali kan danginsu da al’ummarsu maimakon killace su. Don samun fahimtar al’adun kwastomominta, ta koma zaune a yankin da mafi yawan mazauna baƙaƙe ne, wanda ya ba ta damar fahimtar hanyoyin magani daban-daban.
A 1973, littafinta mai suna Family Networks, wanda ta rubuta tare da Ross Speck, ya fito. Daga baya, ta koma Boston, Massachusetts, inda ta zama ɗaya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Majalisar Indiyawan Boston, wacce ta zama majalisar Indiyawa mafi girma a ƙasar.
A 1970, Attneave ta kafa, ta rubuta, kuma ta shirya Network of Indian Psychologists, wani mujalla da ke bayar da albarkatu na al’adu ga al’ummomin Indiyawa. Wannan mujalla daga baya ta zama abin da ake kira Society of Indian Psychologists a yau.
Daga 1973, ta fara koyarwa a Jami’ar Harvard a Sashen Lafiyar Jama’a, sannan daga baya ta koma Jami’ar Washington, inda ta jagoranci shirin Nazarin Indiyawan Amurka na jami’ar.
Attneave ta yi ritaya a 1980, amma ta ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce, bayar da laccoci, da yin tafiye-tafiye har zuwa rasuwarta a 1992.

 Kyauta 
Kyautar Carolyn Attneave Diversity, wacce kungiyar American Psychological Association ke bayarwa a kowace shekara, an sanya mata suna kuma ta amince da "tabbatar da bambancin ilimin halayyar iyali".

A cikin 2019 Jami'ar Stanford ta Serra House inda Cibiyar Clayman ta Binciken Jima'i take an sake masa suna Carolyn Lewis Attneave House .  An riga an sanya masa suna ne bayan Junípero Serra . 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920