Elida Campodónico

Elida Luisa Campodónico Moreno (6 Agusta 1894 - 6 Janairu 1960) malamar Panama ce, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, kuma lauya. Ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Feminist Party ta Panama kuma ta yi aiki ga mata don samun 'yancin jefa kuri'a . Ta kafa reshen Panama na La Gota de Leche kuma ita ce mace ta biyu a Panama da ta zama lauya. Bayan da mata suka sami 'yancin kada kuri'a, Campodónico ta shiga cikin jami'an diflomasiyya kuma ta zama jakadiyar mace ta farko a Latin Amurka, lokacin da aka nada ta jakadiyar Panama a Mexico a 1952.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Elida Luisa Campodónico Moreno a ranar 6 ga Agusta 1894 a Macaracas, Lardin Los Santos, Sashen Panama, Colombia zuwa Josefa María Moreno da José Campodónico. Mahaifiyarta 'yar Panama ce kuma 'yar likita, Manuel Balbino Moreno; mahaifinta dan kasuwa ne kuma mai kiwon dabbobin Italiyanci.  Lokacin da take da shekaru tara, a cikin 1903, Panama ta sami 'yancin kai daga Colombia.  Ta yi karatun firamare a La Villa de los Santos sannan ta tafi Panama City don kammala karatunta na sakandare a makarantar ’yan mata Katolika Santa María. Tare da ɗan'uwanta, Domiluis, Campodónico sun yi tafiya zuwa Bellinzona a cikin Swiss Canton na Ticino a cikin Alps na Italiya don nazarin ilimi. A cikin 1919, ta sami digiri na biyu na koyarwa don koyar da kindergarten da firamare, da kuma takaddun shaida don koyar da Faransanci, Italiyanci, da Spanish . Komawa birnin Panama, ta fara koyarwa a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilimin kasa da tarihi a makarantar horar da malamai . Ba da daɗewa ba ta auri , malami.  Domin ana ganin hanyoyin koyarwarsu na ci gaba sosai, an kore ma’auratan daga makarantar.  Tare suka kafa makarantar farko don horar da malaman kindergarten. Makarantar ta yi amfani da hanyar Montessori kuma an sarrafa ta daga gidan ma'auratan. 

 Ayyukan siyasa 
A 1923, Campodónico ya shiga tare da , Clara González, Enriqueta Morales, da Sara Sotillo don kafa Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ( Spanish   (PNF) da Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Mata ta Ƙasa ( Spanish   ).  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar PNF.  A shekara mai zuwa, matan da Rosa Navas suka kafa Makarantar Al'adun Mata ( Spanish   ) don ba da laccoci a kan al'amuran al'umma, tarihi, da siyasa, shirya mata don shiga sana'a da zamantakewa.  Manufar dukkanin kungiyoyin ita ce baiwa mata damar shiga cikin al'amuran farar hula, tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da siyasa na al'ummar Panama.  A wannan lokacin, Campodónico ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa reshen Panama na La Gota de Leche, ƙungiyar agaji da nufin samar da madara ga yara marasa abinci. 

 Aikin shari'a da yakin neman zabe 
A cikin 1930s, bayan ya haifi 'ya'ya hudu, Campodónico ya fara halartar Makarantar Shari'a ta Kyauta ( Spanish   Panama) A cikin 1935, ta zama mace ta biyu 'yar Panama da ta kammala digiri tare da digiri na shari'a - na farko shine Clara González - tare da kasida  mai suna La delincuencia de la mujer en Panamá (Laifi na Mata a Panama).  Campodónico ya zama mai gabatar da kara, yana gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata da yara. Ta yi gwagwarmaya sosai don zaɓen mata, kafa da gyara mujallar Feminist Renewal ( Spanish   ).  Tare da sauran masu ra'ayin mata, ta gabatar da takardar koke mai dauke da sa hannun 2,000 ga Majalisar Dokokin Panama na neman 'yancin kada kuri'a da kuma yin kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulkin farar hula don kafa Tsarin Kotunan Yara, da kuma makarantun masana'antu da dokoki don kare mata masu aiki. Kokarin nasu bai amsa ba, amma an kafa dokar da ta kafa tsarin da ‘yan kasa za su iya samun katin shaida. PNF sun bukaci katunan don zama membobinsu. A cikin 1936 lokacin da Campodónico, González, da Arosemena suka yi kira ga sakatare don nuna rashin amincewarsu da rashin samun katin shaida, ya amsa da shahararsa, "En Panamá no hay ciudadanas, sino ciudadanos" (A Panama babu 'yan ƙasa mata, 'yan ƙasa maza ne kawai.) 

A martanin da ta mayar, PNF ta sake gabatar da wata koke ga majalisar dokokin kasar domin yin gyara ga dokokin zabe, amma ta kasa ci gaba. Takaici, matan sun ba da shawarar gudanar da Majalisa a 1938 don yin aiki don sake fasalin tsarin doka, amma Shugaba Arosemena ya toshe shi.  A cikin watan Yuli, 1941, an zartar da wasu jerin dokoki, wadanda suka kwace mata 'yan kasar Panama yadda ya kamata, yayin da a lokaci guda ke ba su iyakacin yancin kada kuri'a a majalisun larduna, idan suna da ilimi.  Sannan a cikin 1941, juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Arnulfo Arias ya haifar da rashin zaman lafiya  da buƙatar kafa sabuwar Majalisar Tsarin Mulki.  A ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1944, González ya kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ( Spanish   (UNM)  tare da Campodonico a kan hukumar gudanarwa.  González, a matsayin wakilin UNM ya gudu don zama wakilai a cikin majalisa. Ba ta samu kujera ba, amma an zabe Gumercinda Páez da Esther Neira de Calvo a matsayin wani bangare na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, kuma a karshe mata a Panama sun sami ‘yancin kada kuri’a. 

 Matsayi a cikin gwamnati da kuma rayuwa ta gaba 
An nada Campodónico zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje na UNM  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin shari'a na ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da yawa ciki har da Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Panama.  A shekara ta 1952, ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin jakada a Latin Amurka, ta zama jakadiyar Panama a Mexico.  Bayan ta yi ritaya daga hidimar diflomasiyya, ta koma Panama inda ta yi aiki har zuwa rasuwarta a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1960 a birnin Panama. 

 Manazarta 

 Tushe 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1960
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba