Hannah Mitchell

Hannah Mitchell (11 Fabrairu 1872 - 22 Oktoba 1956) ɗan takarar Ingilishi ne kuma ɗan gurguzu.  An haife shi a cikin dangin noma matalauta a Derbyshire, Mitchell ta bar gida tun tana karama don yin aiki a matsayin mai sana'ar dinki a Bolton, inda ta shiga cikin harkar gurguzu . Ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a ƙungiyoyin da suka shafi zamantakewa, zaɓen mata da zaman lafiya . Bayan yakin duniya na daya an zabe ta a majalisar birnin Manchester kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin majistare, kafin daga bisani ta yi aiki da shugaban jam'iyyar Labour, Keir Hardie .

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Hannah Webster a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 1872 ga Benjamin da Ann Webster  a cikin wani gidan gona mai suna bayan kuma kusa da Alport Castles  a cikin Hope Woodlands, a cikin gundumar Derbyshire Peak .  Diyar wani manomi, ita ce ta hudu a cikin yara shida.  Mahaifiyarta ta yi fushi musamman da ’ya’yanta uku na ƙarshe, Hannatu, Saratu da Biliyaminu.  Webster ba a ba shi izinin karatu na yau da kullun ba, kodayake mahaifinta mai ladabi  ya koya mata karatu.  Hannah ta zauna a gida tana aikin gida tare da mahaifiyarta, wanda ba ta shiga ba.  Ana sa ran za ta kula da mahaifinta da yayyenta, wanda ta ji haushi. 

Tun da farko Mitchell ya fahimci rashin daidaiton jinsi a cikin gida . Ta kuma lura da alamun aurar da yara mata da wuri a kusa da ita da "mazajen gona", don guje wa haihuwa ba tare da aure ba, kuma ta himmatu wajen guje wa irin wannan kaddara.  Daga baya ta fada a cikin tarihin rayuwarta cewa mahaifiyarta mace ce mai mugun hali da tashin hankali wacce a wasu lokutan takan sanya ‘ya’yanta su kwana a rumbu.  Lokacin da ta kai shekaru 13 ta zama ’ yar koyo, don samun ƙarin kuɗi ga danginta da ke fama da talauci.  A cikin Glossop, uwar gidanta ta kasance tsohuwar ƙwararriyar mai sana'a, Miss Brown. Mitchell ta rubuta cewa hanyarta ta bambanta da mahaifiyarta kuma ta koya a hankali "cewa aikin kuma na iya zama abin jin daɗi." 

Tana da shekaru 14, bayan jayayya da mahaifiyarta, ta bar gida ta tafi zama tare da ɗan'uwanta William da iyali a Glossop kuma a cikin sha tara  ta koma Bolton, Lancashire, inda ta sami aiki a matsayin mai yin sutura 'yana samun shillings goma a mako'  da kuma hidimar gida .  

 Aure da zamantakewa 
A Bolton, Mitchell ta fara inganta iliminta, tun da farko tana fatan zama malami.  Ɗaya daga cikin aiki da ta yi ita ce a gidan wani malamin makaranta, wanda ya ba ta damar aro littattafansa.  Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin gurguzu kuma ta yi magana ga ɗan gajeren sa'o'i da hutun rabin kwana (biya) mako-mako ga ma'aikatan shago,  kuma ta yi sharhi cewa yanayin aiki na mata a cikin masana'antar tufafi ya haɗa da ba kawai ƙarancin albashi da yanayi ba, har ila yau yana buƙatar yin shiru da tarar "wanda aka tilasta shi ta hanyar ɓacin rai na mace." 

Mitchell kuma ya halarci Cocin Labour .   Jaridar Robert Blatchford ta Clarion ta rinjayi ta musamman.  A wani taro da ta halarta, ta ji Katharine Glasier tana magana. 

A cikin gidan da ta sauka, ta sadu da wani mai yankan tela mai suna Gibbon Mitchell,  kuma dukansu sun san Richard Pankhurst, suna goyon bayan sha'awar sa a yankin Kinder Scout .  Ko da yake ta kasance mai hankali game da aure, daga abin da ta lura da 'yan uwanta, ma'auratan biyu sun yi marmarin gidan kansu.  Sun yi aure a Majami'ar Ikklesiya ta Hayfield a cikin 1895, Hannatu sanye da riga mai launin toka da hular karammiski,  kuma ta haifi ɗa,  Frank Gibbon Mitchell a cikin 1896.  Saboda wahalar wannan haihuwa da kuma rashin son kawo ƙarin yara cikin talauci, Mitchell ya ƙudurta cewa ba zai ƙara samun haihuwa ba.  Ita da mijinta sun amince su yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa kuma ba su da sauran ’ya’ya.  Kazalika da dansu, Mitchells suma sun kula da ’yar uwa marayu . 

Bata jima ba ta tsinci kanta cikin rashin aure. Ko da yake mijin nata da farko ya amince da buƙatunta na a raba ma’aikata daidai gwargwado a gidansu, ta gano cewa gaskiya ba ta cika wannan manufa ba. Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai sana'ar dinki don kara wa Gibbon kuɗi kaɗan, kuma ta sami sauran lokacinta ta ɗauki ayyukan gida.  Kamar sauran mata a cikin motsi na gurguzu, Mitchell ya yi ƙoƙari don shawo kan maza masu ra'ayin gurguzu game da mahimmancin batutuwan mata . 

Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Newhall, Derbyshire inda masu ra'ayin gurguzu a wannan yanki na hakar ma'adinai suka ba da gudummawar wani zauren taro, kuma galibi ana saukar da masu magana tare da Mitchells.  A cikin 1900 sun ƙaura zuwa Ashton-under-Lyne, kusa da Manchester, inda Gibbon ya yi aiki a sashen tela na Co-operative store.  Mitchell da kanta ta fara magana a bainar jama'a a taron jam'iyyar Labour mai zaman kanta (ILP).  Jam’iyyar ce ta nada ta a matsayin mai gadin Doka mara kyau ga garinsu a shekarar 1904. 

 Gudunmawa a cikin motsin zaɓen mata 
Daga nan Mitchell ya shiga, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya ɗan lokaci don Emmeline da Christabel Pankhurst 's Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).  Ko da yake da farko ba su da tabbas game da shawarwarin 'cancantar kadara' da ake tsammanin za a yarda da su, Mitchell yana son daidaiton gaskiya ga duk maza da mata masu jefa ƙuri'a. Amma jin maganar Annie Kenney a Stalybridge Market ta lura cewa duk da bayyanar da sha'awar da shugaban majalisar ya yi, yawancin za su goyi bayan samun kuri'u ga dukan maza (Manhood Suffrage) da kuma sa matan su jira har ma a sami damar shiga.  Mitchell ta kuma zagaya kasar ciki har da kauyukan da ke aiki a Colne Valley tana yin jawabai, ita kanta, kuma 'ba ta da wata wahala' gami da 'ma'amala da 'yan ta'adda'  yayin da ta ke yakin neman zaben mata a zaben fidda gwani. 

A cikin 1905, Mitchell ya shiga Emmeline Pankhurst, Annie Kenney, Keir Hardie, Theresa Billington da Mrs Elmy a ƙofar kurkuku lokacin da aka saki Christabel Pankhurst bayan mako guda na ɗaurin kurkuku don harin farko a cikin hanyar, yana tofa wa dan sanda.  Ta kasance tare da mata 150 da suka yi ƙoƙari a watan Oktoba 1905, don shiga House of Commons, kuma 20 kawai aka yarda a ciki, ciki har da Mitchell. Tare da Louie CulIen, Mitchell ta ɓoye tutar 'Votes for Women' a cikin tufafinta. Mary Gawthorpe ta tsaya a kan kujera don yin jawabi bayan da shugabanninsu suka gaya musu cewa Firayim Minista Henry Campbell-Bannerman ba ya  kudirin zaɓen mata, kuma 'yan sanda suka ja da su, tutoci biyu sun ɗaga amma 'yan sanda sun tarwatsa su a cikin 'shred'. Ta yi matukar kaduwa ganin yadda ake wulakanta Mrs Pankhurst kuma da sauri 'yan majalisar suka zo kallon "mafi yawansu suna guffa da babbar murya"  Mitchell a lokacin yana yakin neman zabe a Huddersfield inda 'matayen Yorkshire suka ji kiran kuma suka biyo mu cikin daruruwan'.  Mitchell shima yana da hannu tare da reshen Liverpool wanda Alice Morrissey ya fara. A shekara ta 1907 Mitchell ta sami rauni mai juyayi wanda likitanta ya sanya shi don yin aiki fiye da kima da rashin abinci mai gina jiki .  Yayin da take murmurewa, Charlotte Despard ta ziyarce ta kuma ta ba ta kuɗin abinci.  A cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarta ta ambaci raunin da ta ji lokacin da babu wani daga cikin Pankhursts da ya tuntube ta yayin da take murmurewa.  A cikin 1908 ta bar WSPU, kuma ta shiga sabuwar Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta Despard. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, Mitchell ya goyi bayan ƙungiyoyin sa kai na zaman lafiya don ƙungiyoyi irin su ILP No Conscription Fellowship da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya .  A cikin 1918 ta sake fara aiki tare da ILP kuma a cikin 1924 sun zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Manchester City .   An zabe ta kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 1935.  Ta zama majistare a 1926, kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi na shekaru 20 masu zuwa.  

 Rayuwa daga baya 
A ranar 9 ga Mayu 1939, Mitchell ya taimaka wajen shirya taron tsofaffin masu rinjaye 40 a Manchester. [1] A karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta fara aiki a kan tarihin rayuwarta, wanda ya kasance ba a buga ba a rayuwarta. [1] Bayan yakin, ta fara rubuta wa Muryar Arewa da Labaran Manchester City . [2] A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta, Hannah ta zauna a Newton Heath. Akwai alamar shudi a gidan da ke lamba 18 Ingham Street, Newton Heath ta sadaukar da ita, inda ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta "The Hard Way Up".

Mitchell ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1956 a gida a Manchester.  Tarihin rayuwarta, The Hard Way Up, Tarihin Hannah Mitchell, Suffragette da Rebel, jikanta ne ya gyara shi kuma ya buga a 1968.  Har ila yau, akwai alamar shuɗi da aka keɓe mata a bangon gidan da ta zauna tare da danginta a Ashton-under-Lyne tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1910. 

 Hannah Mitchell Foundation 
2012 ya ga kafa Gidauniyar Hannah Mitchell, wani dandalin ci gaban gwamnatin da aka raba a Arewacin Ingila . An zabi sunan "don tunawa da fitacciyar fitacciyar 'yar gurguzu ta Arewa, mai ra'ayin mata kuma mai hadin gwiwa wacce ke alfahari da tushenta na ma'aikata kuma tana da hangen nesa na al'adu da siyasa." 

 Bayanan kula 

 Manazarta 









Rukuni:Haihuwar 1872
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1956
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba