Kathleen Cruise O'Brien

Kathleen Cruise O'Brien (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu na shekarar 1886 - 12 ga Fabrairu 1938) ta kasance mai fafutukar yaren Irish, mai ba da shawara kan yaren Irish. name=Foley> name="Foley">

 Rayuwa ta farko da iyali 
An haife ta Katherine Mary Joseph Sheehy a Loughmore, County Tipperary a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1886. Registration of births in the district of Thurles, Co Tipperary, Ireland. 28 April 1886. Irishgenealogy.com  Ita ce ƙaramar yar David Sheehy da Elizabeth "Bessie" Sheehy (née McCoy). 'Yan uwanta sun kasance Hanna, Mary, Margaret, Eugene da Richard. A shekarar da aka haifi O'Brien, iyalin suka koma Dublin bayan zaben mahaifinta zuwa Majalisar dokokin Burtaniya. Da farko iyalin sun zauna a Drumcondra, sannan 2 Belvedere Place. Mahaifinta ya kasance babban memba na Jam'iyyar Majalisar Dokokin Irish kuma abokin John Dillon ne. Kakanta, Fr Eugene Sheehy, an san shi da "firist na ƙungiyar ƙasa". O'Brien ta halarci makarantar Dominican, Eccles Street, kafin ta tafi makarantar 'yan mata a Amiens, Faransa daga 1906 zuwa 1907 a matsayin ɗaliban musayar. Yarinyar Faransa da ta musanya da ita, Andrée, ta ci gaba da auren dan uwanta Owen Sheehy-Skeffington . O'Brien ta ci gaba da karatun Irish a Kwalejin Jami'ar, St Stephen's Green, ta ci gaba ta kammala ƙwarewarta ta harshe a Tsibirin Aran, County Galway .  name="Foley">Foley, Aideen; White, Lawrence William (2009). "O'Brien, Kathleen Cruise". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mahaifiyar O'Brien ta gudanar da salons na kowane wata a gidan iyali daga ƙarshen 1890s zuwa gaba. Yawancin baƙi sun haɗa da abokai na 'yan uwanta. James Joyce ya kasance baƙo ne mai yawa, kuma mai ba da labarinsa Richard Ellmann ya yi hasashen cewa Miss Ivors daga The dead an tsara shi ne akan O'Brien. An yi jayayya da wannan da'awar. name="Foley">

 Ayyuka 
Tare da 'yar'uwarta Hanna da Maryamu, O'Brien ta kasance memba mai kafa kungiyar Irish Women's Franchise League a watan Nuwamba 1908. Ta kasance memba mai aiki na reshen Young Ireland (YIB) na United Irish League (UIL) wanda shine kawai reshe wanda ya shigar da mata. Ta yi aiki a cikin zartarwa kuma an zabe ta mataimakin shugaban kasa a shekara ta 1910. Foley, Aideen; White, Lawrence William (2009). "O'Brien, Kathleen Cruise". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1911 ta auri ɗan jarida Francis Cruise O'Brien, wanda ya kasance abokiyar 'yan uwanta daga kwaleji. Iyalinta sun yi tsayayya da auren, suna adawa da siyasarsa, rashin damar aiki da kuma agnosticism na addini. Hanna da mijinta, Francis Sheehy Skeffington, ne kawai suka goyi bayan auren. Ma'auratan sun zauna a 44 Leinster Rd, Rathmines, kuma suna da ɗa ɗaya, Conor Cruise O'Brien . O'Brien ta koyar da Irish a kwalejin fasaha ta Rathmines na ɗan lokaci bayan aurenta. A karkashin sunan Caitlín Níc Shíothaigh, O'Brien ya rubuta litattafan Irish, kuma ya haɓaka fitowar harshen Irish na Taƙaitaccen Gregg a cikin 1920s.Foley, Aideen; White, Lawrence William (2009). "O'Brien, Kathleen Cruise". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O'Brien ta rubuta wasannin da yawa, ciki har da Apartments, wasan kwaikwayo guda daya wanda aka yi a Gidaje wasan kwaikwayo na Abbey a watan Satumbar 1923 wanda ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan Fand O'Grady . 

Iyalin O'Brien sun rabu game da tallafawa Burtaniya a yakin duniya na farko, kuma sun shawo kan mijinta kada ya yi jawabai don neman shiga soja, musamman saboda bai dace da yin hidima ba. O'Brien ita ce kadai daga cikin 'yan uwanta mata da ba a gwauruwa ba a 1916, lokacin da dukkan surukanta uku suka mutu: Bernard Culhane, Francis Sheehy Skeffington, da Thomas Kettle . Foley, Aideen; White, Lawrence William (2009). "O'Brien, Kathleen Cruise". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mijin O'Brien ya mutu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1927, wanda ya haifar da gwagwarmayar kudi kuma ya fada cikin bashi tare da masu ba da rance. Ta yi aiki na cikakken lokaci a Makarantar Rathmines da kuma kula da jarrabawar shekara-shekara ta Irish a makarantun mata a yammacin Ireland. Duk da kasancewa Katolika mai aiki, kuma yana karɓar matsin lamba daga malamai, O'Brien ta ajiye ɗanta a makarantar Furotesta mai sassaucin ra'ayi, Sandford Park School, mijinta ya zaɓe masa.

O'Brien ya mutu a gida, bayan bugun jini, a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1938. Foley, Aideen; White, Lawrence William (2009). "O'Brien, Kathleen Cruise". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886