Jacob Riis

Yakubu August Riis (/riːs/ REESS; Mayu 3, 1849 - Mayu 26, 1914) ɗan Danish-Amurka mai kawo sauyi ne na zamantakewa, ɗan jarida "muck-raking", kuma mai daukar hoto na zamantakewa. Ya ba da gudummawa sosai a dalilin sake fasalin birane a Amurka a farkon karni na ashirin.[1] An san shi da yin amfani da basirar daukar hoto da aikin jarida don taimakawa matalauta a birnin New York; Waɗancan ƴan New York matalauta su ne batun mafi yawan rubuce-rubucensa da kuma daukar hoto. Ya amince da aiwatar da "samfuran samfuri" a New York tare da taimakon Lawrence Veiller na jin kai. Ya kasance farkon mai ba da goyon baya ga sabon ɗaukar hoto na yau da kullun kuma ɗayan na farko da ya fara ɗaukar walƙiya na hoto. Yayin da yake zaune a New York, Riis ya fuskanci talauci kuma ya zama dan jarida na 'yan sanda yana rubutu game da ingancin rayuwa a cikin marasa galihu. Ya yi yunƙurin rage radadin rayuwa da talakawa ke ciki ta hanyar fallasa waɗannan yanayi ga masu matsakaici da babba.Pascal, pp. 10–11; Ware, p. 2.

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Rayuwa baya 
An haife shi a shekara ta 1849 a Ribe, Denmark, Jacob Riis shine na uku na yara 15 (ɗaya daga cikinsu, ƴan uwa marayu, an reno) na Niels Edward Riis, malamin makaranta kuma marubuci ga jaridar Ribe na gida, da Carolina Riis (née Bendsine Lundholm), mai gida..Pascal, pp. 10–11; Ware, p. 2 A cikin 15, Yakubu kawai, 'yar'uwa ɗaya, da ƴar'uwar da aka yi reno sun tsira zuwa karni na ashirin.Ware, p. 5 Riis ya rinjayi mahaifinsa, wanda makarantar Riis ya yi farin ciki da rushewa. Mahaifinsa ya lallashe shi ya karanta (da inganta Ingilishi ta hanyar) Mujallar Charles Dickens Duk Shekarar Shekara da kuma litattafan James Fenimore Cooper.Pascal, p. 12

Yakubu ya yi farin ciki a ƙuruciya amma ya fuskanci bala’i sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara goma sha ɗaya sa’ad da ɗan’uwansa Theodore, ɗan shekara ɗaya, ya nutse. Ba ya manta bacin ran mahaifiyarsaWare, p. 9.

Yana da shekara goma sha ɗaya ko sha biyu, ya ba da duk kuɗin da yake da shi kuma ya ba wa dangin Ribe matalauta da ke zaune a cikin gida mara kyau idan sun tsaftace shi. Masu haya sun ɗauki kuɗin kuma suka wajabta; lokacin da ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa, sai ta je ta taimaka.

Ko da yake mahaifinsa ya yi begen cewa Yakubu zai yi aikin adabi, Yakubu ya so ya zama kafinta.Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 16, ya zama mai son Elisabeth Gjørtz, ’yar shekara 12 ta karɓi ɗiyar mai kamfanin wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin kafinta. Uban ya ƙi yarda da ɓacin ran yaron, kuma an tilasta Riis tafiya zuwa Copenhagen don kammala aikin kafinta. Riis ya koma Ribe a shekara ta 1868 yana dan shekara 19. Ya karaya saboda rashin samun aiki a yankin da kuma rashin amincewar Gjørtz na neman aurensa, Riis ya yanke shawarar yin hijira zuwa Amurka.

 Manazarta 

Category:Mutuwan  1914
Category:Haifaffun  1849