Göttingen

Göttingen is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. According to the 2022 German census, the population of Göttingen was 124,548.

Bayani
Asalin Göttingen ya kasance a cikin ƙauyen da ake kira Gutingi, wanda aka fara ambata a cikin takarda a cikin 953 AD. An kafa birnin a arewa maso yammacin wannan ƙauyen, tsakanin 1150 da 1200 AD, kuma ya ɗauki sunansa. A zamanin da birnin ya kasance memba na Hanseatic League kuma saboda haka gari ne mai arziki.

A yau, Göttingen sananne ne ga tsohuwar jami'arta (Georgia Augusta, ko "Georg-August-Universität"), wanda aka kafa a 1734 (aji na farko a 1737) kuma ya zama jami'ar da aka fi ziyarta a Turai. A cikin 1837, farfesa bakwai sun nuna rashin amincewa da cikakken ikon mallakar Hanover" id="mweA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="House of Hanover">Sarakuna Hanover; sun rasa matsayinsu, amma sun zama sanannun "Göttingen Bakwai". Tsofaffin ɗalibansa sun haɗa da wasu sanannun tarihin tarihi: 'Yan uwan Grimm, Heinrich Ewald, Wilhelm Eduard Weber da Georg Gervinus . Har ila yau, Shugabannin Jamus Otto von Bismarck da Gerhard Schröder sun halarci makarantar shari'a a Jami'ar Göttingen. Karl Barth ya gudanar da farfesa na farko a nan. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun masana lissafi a tarihi, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Bernhard Riemann da David Hilbert, sun kasance farfesa a Göttingen.

Kamar sauran garuruwan jami'a, Göttingen ta haɓaka al'adun ta. A ranar da aka ba su digiri na digiri, ana jawo ɗalibai a cikin kekuna daga Babban Hall zuwa Gänseliesel-Fountain a gaban Tsohon Gidan Garin. A can dole ne su hau maɓuɓɓugar kuma su sumbace mutum-mutumi na Gänseliesel (yarinyar ganima). An haramta wannan aikin, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba. An dauki mutum-mutumi a matsayin yarinya mafi yawan sumba a duniya.

Kusan ba a taɓa shi da bama-bamai na Allied a yakin duniya na biyu ba, birnin Göttingen yanzu wuri ne mai kyau don zama tare da shaguna da yawa, cafes da mashaya. Saboda wannan dalili, ɗaliban jami'a da yawa suna zaune a cikin gari na ciki kuma suna ba Göttingen jin ƙuruciya. A shekara ta 2003, kashi 45% na yawan mutanen cikin gari sun kasance tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 30 kawai.

Kasuwanci, Göttingen an san shi da samar da kayan aikin injiniya na gani da na injiniya, kasancewar shi ne wurin zama na sashen microscopy na Carl Zeiss, Inc., da kuma babban shafin Sartorius AG wanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin fasahar halittu da kayan aunawa - yankin da ke kusa da Göttingen yana tallata kansa a matsayin "Kwarin aunawa".

Tarihi
Asalin Göttingen za a iya gano shi zuwa ƙauyen da ake kira Gutingi zuwa kudu maso gabashin birnin na yanzu. Sunan ƙauyen mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga karamin rafi, wanda ake kira Gote, wanda ya taɓa gudana ta hanyarsa. Tun da ƙarshen -ing yana nuna "rayuwa ta", ana iya fahimtar sunan a matsayin "a gefen Gote". Shaidar Archaeological tana nunawa ga sulhu tun farkon karni na 7. An fara ambata shi a tarihi a cikin takarda da Sarkin Roma mai tsarki Otto I ya yi a cikin 953 AD, inda ya ba da wasu kayansa a ƙauyen ga gidan ibada na Moritz a Magdeburg. Binciken archaeological ya nuna alaƙar kasuwanci mai yawa tare da wasu yankuna da ƙwarewar ƙwarewa a wannan farkon lokacin.

A farkon kwanakinsa, Grona ya rufe Gutingi, wanda aka rubuta tarihi daga shekara ta 915 AD a matsayin sabon sansanin soja, yana kwance a gaban Gutingi a kan tudu a yammacin Kogin Leine. Daga baya aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin fadar mulkin mallaka ta Ottonian, tare da ziyarar sarakuna da sarakuna 18 da aka rubuta tsakanin 941 da 1025 AD. Sarkin sarakuna na karshe na Romawa mai tsarki don amfani da sansanin Grona (an ce yana son wurin), Heinrich II (1002-1024), shi ma yana da coci da aka gina a makwabcin Gutingi, wanda aka keɓe ga Saint Alban. Ginin cocin na yanzu da ke zaune a wannan shafin, Cocin St. Albani, an gina shi ne a cikin 1423.

Manazarta