Eva Kotchever

Eva Kotchever (1891 - 19 Disamba 1943), wanda aka fi sani da Eve Adams ko Eve Addams, haifaffen Chawa Złoczower, ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu ce kuma marubuci 'yar Poland-Yahudawa, wacce ita ce mawallafin Soyayyar 'Yan Madigo kuma daga 1925 zuwa 1926 ta yi fice, a bayyane a cikin 'yar madigo ta Greenwich Hauwa'u, wacce ake kira Hauwa'u . An rufe shi bayan an yanke wa Eva hukunci kuma aka daure shi saboda lalata da rashin daidaituwa, wanda ya haifar da fitar da ita zuwa Poland a 1927. Daga baya an kama ta a Faransa a 1943 kuma aka tura ta zuwa sansanin taro na Auschwitz a ranar 17 ga Disamba, inda aka kashe ta bayan kwanaki biyu a ranar 19 ga Disamba.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Chawa Zloczower a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1891 a Mława, Poland, kodayake bayanai sun bambanta game da ainihin ranar haihuwarta.  Ita ce ɗan fari a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai na Mordekai da Miriam Zloczower.  'Yan uwanta sun tuna da ita a matsayin 'yar'uwar 'yar'uwa wadda ita ce "hannun dama" ga mahaifiyarsu.  Daga baya za ta ba da shaida cewa ta halarci "makarantar firamare" a Mława kuma "ta kammala digiri a Plotzk ".  Ta iya yin yaruka bakwai. 

A shekara 20, Eva ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka ta hanyar Ellis Island, New York, a kan SS Vaderland a 1912, ta tashi daga Antwerp, Belgium.  Ta fara amfani da sunanta Hauwa’u da turanci, sanye da kayan maza.  Ta shiga cikin motsi na anarchist, rarraba wallafe-wallafe, halartar tarurruka da abokantaka da 'yan adawa daga Uwar Duniya kamar Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, Ben Reitman da Henry Miller .  

A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1918, Hauwa'u, kamar yadda "Eve Zlotchever," ta rubuta wasiƙar wasiƙar fan ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Fania Marinoff, wanda ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kyauta, Karen .  Daga baya Hauwa'u ta zama 'yar kasuwa mai balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguro, irin su Mother Earth da The Liberator . A shekara ta 1919, ta kasance a karkashin kulawa ta "Radical Division" na Ofishin Bincike, wanda J. Edgar Hoover ke gudanarwa, saboda an dauke ta a matsayin "mai tayar da hankali".  

Daga 1921 zuwa 1923, Hauwa'u ta zauna a Chicago, inda ta ci gaba da sayar da Der Groyser Kundes kuma ta ba da darussan Rasha. Kimanin watanni takwas ta yi gudu tare da abokin aikinta, mai zanen Sweden Ruth Norlander, wani dakin shayi mai suna The Grey Cottage a Chicago, a 10 E Chestnut St,  wani salon adabi wanda kuma ya zama "mafaka ga 'yan luwadi," in ji New York Times .  Norlander (an haifi Ruth Olson a 1889) ya nuna zane-zane guda biyu, ciki har da wanda ake kira Nudes a 1922 Chicago "Babu Jury Exhibit," watakila yana nuna Hauwa'u, wanda ya kasance yana nunawa Norlander. 

A cikin 1923, Hauwa'u ta koma New York, kuma ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar niyyar zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka. A watan Fabrairun 1925, ta rubuta kuma ta buga a cikin kwafin 150 "don rarraba masu zaman kansu kawai" na Lesbian Love (wanda aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan Evelyn Adams), tarin gajerun labaru da ke kwatanta rayuwar mata na al'ummar lesbian. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1925, ta bude Hauwa'u Hangout, wanda aka fi sani da Hauwa' Addams' Tearoom a Greenwich Village. Tushen da ya ambaci sanannen alamar da ake zargin ya karanta: "An shigar da maza, amma ba a maraba da su ba" wani labarin 1926 ne daga Variety, wanda ya zargi Adams da samun kudi daga "zaki na mata masu arziki" da kuma gayyatar mata "masu maza" da ke cin zarafin 'yan mata. Wannan ya haifar da mai ba da labari na Adams Jonathan Ned Katz ya yi iƙirarin cewa alamar "watakila ba ta taɓa kasancewa ba".

Mataimakin Squad na birnin New York ne ya kama ta da laifin lalata da rashin da'a bayan da jami'in 'yan sanda a boye Margaret Leonard ta shiga Hangout na Hauwa'u kuma aka nuna mata soyayyar 'yan madigo .   Leonard ya ce Kotchever ya yi mata ci gaban jima'i a fili. Bayan shekara guda a gidan yari, inda ta sadu da Mae West,  a kurkukun Kasuwar Jefferson,  an tura ta zuwa Poland a watan Disamba 1927.   

Hauwa'u ta zauna a Warsaw, Gdańsk, da Sopot, tana rubuta wa ƙawayenta wasiƙa game da ƙarancin albashi da ƙiyayya a Poland. Ta yi rubutu akai-akai tare da Ben Reitman, ko da bayan gudun hijira zuwa Turai. [1] A 1930 ta koma Paris, inda ta rubuta "rukunin labarun gidan yari" da aka tsara za a buga a cikin New Review (mujallar ta daina bugawa kafin ranar da aka tsara). [2] [3] A Paris, ta yi rayuwa ta hanyar sayar da littattafan "datti" (kamar ayyukan James Joyce, Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin da DH Lawrence ) ga masu yawon bude ido na Amurka. [3] Ta sadu da wasu daga cikin waɗancan masu fasaha ( Henry Miller, Yuni Miller, da Anaïs Nin ), [4] duk masu zaman kansu na Le Dôme Café, wanda ake kira Dômiers, a cikin unguwar bohemian na Montparnasse . A halin yanzu a Amurka ƙari jita-jita game da Hauwa'u Adams yawo, [3] da'awar cewa a Paris, ta gudanar da wani kantin sayar da littattafai da kuma cafe mai suna Le Boudoir de l'Amour a Montmartre ( Brevities, 16 Nuwamba 1931), da kuma cewa ta rayayye goyon bayan na biyu Spanish Jamhuriyar, a kan gwamnatin Janar Francisco Franco . Babu wata hujja ta gaskiya ga waɗannan da'awar. [5]

A cikin 1933, Hauwa'u ta sadu kuma ta fara dangantaka da mawaƙa Bayahudiya Hella Olstein Soldner (wadda ta yi a ƙarƙashin sunan mataki Nora/Norah Waren), kuma ta zauna tare da ita ko da bayan Hella ta yi aure.  Sun yi niyyar yin hijira zuwa Falasdinu su shiga cikin ɗan'uwan Hauwa'u, amma ba su da kuɗi don yin hakan. Hauwa'u ta kuma roki Ben Reitman da ya taimaka mata samun izinin komawa Amurka.  A 1940, sun koma Kudancin Faransa. 

A cikin Disamba 1943, an kama Hauwa'u da Hella a Nice kuma an tsare su a sansanin Drancy internment, kusa da Paris,  tare da Zloczewer ya isa can 'yan kwanaki kafin Olstein Soldner.  An koro su ta hanyar jirgin kasan shanu zuwa Auschwitz a cikin Convoy 63 a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1943, tare da wasu Yahudawa kusan 850, 31 kawai daga cikinsu sun tsira har zuwa 1945, ba tare da Hauwa'u ko Hella ba.  

 Gado 
Barbara Kahn ya rubuta wasanni uku game da Hauwa'u Adams, duk an ba su cikakkun shirye-shirye a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na New City. "Bazara da faduwar Hauwa'u Adams," "Aidan da ba za a iya kaiwa ba" da "'yan matan tsibirin." Wani sashi daga "An gabatar da Adnin da ba a iya kaiwa ga Ƙarshen Gabas na Ƙarshen Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.  Kahn ya tallata rayuwar Hauwa Adams a Amurka. 

Wani titi a Paris, rue Eva Kotchever, a cikin gundumar 18th na Paris ana kiranta da ita, da kuma makarantar jama'a. 

Kotchever yanzu ana la'akari,  musamman a Turai, alamar LGBT.  Birnin New York  da kuma National Park Service  sun kasance suna ci gaba da tunawa da ita.

A shekara ta 1999, Nina Alvarez, ɗaliba a Albany, New York, ta samo abin da aka yi imanin shi kaɗai ne saura kwafin Ƙaunar Madigo . 

A cikin 2021, abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta da birnin Paris da Memorial de la Shoah suka shirya an sake tsara su saboda cutar ta COVID-19 a Faransa . 

A cikin 2021, ɗan tarihin Ba'amurke Jonathan Ned Katz ya buga tarihin Hauwa'u na farko, mai suna The Daring Life and Dangerous Times of Eve Adams, yana nuna ainihin rubutun da kwatancin Soyayyar 'Yan Madigo da aka sake gano. 

 Duba kuma 

 Al'adun LGBTQ a cikin birnin New York
 Jerin mutanen LGBTQ daga birnin New York

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1943
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba