Harriet Babcock

Harriet Babcock (an haife ta ne a shekara ta 1877-1952) masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce ta Amurka wanda ya kware a binciken ilimin halayya mai ban da bunkasa matakan da ka'idojin hankali. Bayan aikinta na digiri a Jami'ar Columbia, ta yi aiki da farko a Sashen Psychology a Jami'an New York, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ofishin Jagoran Birnin New York. Babcock ta kirkiro gwaje-gwaje masu yawa na hankali da ke kimanta lalacewar hankali da inganci.

 Ilimi da aiki 
Babcock ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Columbia kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1930.  A lokacin karatunta daga 1923 zuwa 1925, ta kuma yi aiki a Asibitin Jihar Manhattan a matsayin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, sannan daga baya a matsayin babban masanin ilimin dan adam a Asibitin Bellevue daga 1926 zuwa 1928. 

Babcock ta fara aiki a Sashen Ilimin Halitta na Jami'ar New York a 1931 kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a can don dukan aikinta. Bugu da kari, an yi mata aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da Ofishin Jagora a karkashin Hukumar Ilimi ta New York . Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy, eds. (2000). The biographical dictionary of women in science : pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century. New York, NY [u.a.]: Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 0415920396.

 Bincike 
Wasu daga cikin ayyukan farko na Babcock sun mayar da hankali kan schizophrenia dangane da halin warware matsalar. Babcock ta yi jayayya cewa schizophrenia an fi bayyana shi daidai a matsayin jinkiri a cikin saurin ilimi. Wannan halayen ta bambanta da sauran ra'ayoyin schizophrenia dangane da rabuwa da hankali, ko gazawar samar da ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki.

Wani bangare na aikin Babcock ta mayar da hankali kan damuwa game da Gwajin Stanford-Binet. Musamman, ƙididdigar tsakanin yara da aka haɗa a hankali bisa ga hankali sun kasa bayyana duk wani bambanci mai mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka gudanar da gwajin ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa, ƙididdigar ƙamus na gwajin ba su da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da sauran gwaje-gwaje. Wannan binciken ya sa Babcock ya ci gaba da bincika wannan binciken don fahimtar raunin hankali sakamakon rashin lafiya na hankali. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya haifar da ƙirar gwajin lalacewar Babcock, wanda aka haɓaka akan ra'ayin da aka kwatanta da sababbin ƙungiyoyi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tsofaffi 1) sun fi sauƙi bayan an dawo da su, kuma 2) kuma sun zama marasa isa a hankali a tsawon lokaci.

 Gwajin Babcock na Rashin Zuciya 
An haɓaka gwajin Babcock na lalacewar hankali don samar da ƙididdigar ƙwarewar mai haƙuri ta hanyar kimanta ƙamus. Tushen gwajin ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa saboda "tsoffin halaye da aka koya sune na ƙarshe da za a manta da su" a lokuta na rashin hankali, ƙamus ya kamata ya kasance da ƙarancin tasirin rashin lafiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin da aka koya kwanan nan. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun yi sharhi cewa ma'auni na farko bazai zama ma'aunin hankali ba. Misali, ƙamus na iya shan wahala sakamakon matsalar mai haƙuri; yana iya zama yanayin cewa marasa lafiya na iya samun matsala tare da ƙamus a cikin yanayin su na farko. Sauran masu bincike sun lura da amfaninta a matsayin mai nuna alama a cikin mahallin wasu matakan leken asiri.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1877