Ethel Bentham

Ethel Bentham, JP (5 ga watan Janairun 1861 - 19 ga watan Janairu 1931) likita ne mai ci gaba, ɗan siyasa kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Ƙasar Ingila . An haife ta ne a Landan, ta yi karatu a Alexandra School da Kwalejin da ke Dublin, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta London don Mata da Asibitin Rotunda .

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Bentham a Landan,  ga William Bentham, mai bincike kuma daga baya janar manajan kamfanin Standard Life Assurance Company, da Mary Ann Hammond . Ta girma ne a Dublin, inda mahaifinta ya kasance Mai Shari'a na Zaman Lafiya. Bentham ta yi tafiye-tafiye na sadaka tare da mahaifiyarta zuwa ƙauyuka na gari, wanda ya yi mata wahayi zuwa ga zama likita. Ta yi horo a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta London don Mata daga 1890-1893, inda ta sami takardar shaidar likita.  A shekara ta 1894, ta cancanci aikin haihuwa a Asibitin Rotunda, Dublin kuma ta sami ƙarin horo a asibitoci a Paris da Brussels,  inda ta sami MD a shekara ta 1895. 

 Ayyuka 

 Ayyukan likita 
Bentham ta yi aiki a asibitocin London na ɗan gajeren lokaci,  kafin ta shiga aikin likita a Newcastle a kan Tyne da Gateshead tare da Dokta Ethel Williams,  likita na farko a cikin birni, kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.  A shekara ta 1900, ta kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na reshen Newcastle na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS), kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Labour a 1902, Fabian Society a 1907,  da kuma Ƙungiyar Mata na Fabian a 1908 . 

A shekara ta 1907, ta tsaya a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour a zaben da aka yi a yankin Westgate ta Kudu na Newcastle . A cikin 1908, ta halarci Taron na huɗu na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya, a Amsterdam .  Bentham ya kasance mai aiki sosai wajen neman goyon bayan NUWSS ga dan takarar majalisa na hadin gwiwa,  wani kamfen wanda a shekarar 1912 ya haifar da kirkirar Asusun Yaki da Zabe.

A cikin 1909, Bentham ta koma London, inda ta zauna tare da Marion Phillips [1] a Holland Park, [2] gidanta yana aiki a matsayin wurin taro ga mata masu tunani iri ɗaya. [3] Ta kafa aiki a Arewacin Kensington kuma ta kasance gwani a kan enuresis na yara (bedwetting) kuma mai imani na farko a cikin abin da yanzu za a kira magani na zamantakewa.[4]   [ana buƙatar hujja]A cikin 1911, Bentham ta kasance mai motsawa a bayan kafa asibitin uwa da jariri a Arewacin Kensington, wanda Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata ta kafa don tunawa da Margaret MacDonald da Mary Middleton.[4] Asibitin shine na farko a kasar don samar da magani tare da shawara.[5] Bentham ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in kiwon lafiya na asibitin, kuma mai ba da gudummawa, yana biyan kuɗin da ya kashe.[2]

 Ayyukan siyasa 
A watan Maris na shekara ta 1910, Bentham ta zama memba na zartarwa na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata .  Ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a matsayin dan takarar Labour na Kensington Borough Council a 1909, da kuma London County Council a 1910,  kafin a zabe ta a matsayin memba na Kenston Borough Council A 1912, wakiltar yankin Golborne, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 1925.  Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I nada ta majistare, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a cikin rawar,  tana aiki a kotunan yara kuma tana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Asibitoci ta Metropolitan. 

A shekara ta 1918, kungiyar kwadago ta mata ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwadago, kuma an zabi Bentham a cikin Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa, ta zo saman kuri'un mata. Ta zauna a kan jiki daga 1918-1920, 1921-1926, da 1928-1931.  Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na kungiyoyin mata na masana'antu,  wanda ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban na wani lokaci. 

Ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour Party na Islington East a cikin Babban Zabe na 1922 da 1923. Bentham ta yi nasara a Babban zaben 1929, mace ta goma sha biyar a majalisar dokoki, mace ta farko da ta kasance Quaker da likita, kuma a shekaru 68 mace mafi tsufa da aka zaba a majalisar. Wannan ya yi daidai da zaben Gwamnatin Labour ta biyu karkashin jagorancin Ramsay MacDonald. Ta yi magana da yawa a cikin House of Commons a cikin shekaru biyu da ta yi a majalisar. Ɗaya daga cikin jawabin da ta fi tsayi shi ne a lokacin muhawara game da Dokar Kula da Zuciya . 

Ta mutu a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 1931, a gidanta a titin Beaufort, Chelsea, bayan cika shekaru 70, sakamakon gazawar zuciya bayan mura, kuma an ƙone ta a Golders Green .  Mutuwar Bentham ta haifar da zabe, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu inda aka zabi dan takarar Labour, Leah Manning, don maye gurbin ta.

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Bentham bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da yara. An haife ta a matsayin Anglican amma ta zama memba na taron Quaker a Friends House, London a shekarar 1920. 

 Bayani 

 Manazarta 

 2003 (sake bugawa). Jagoran Times zuwa House of Commons, 1929, 1931, 1935, Politico's, London.   ISBN 1-84275-033-X

 Haɗin waje 

 Hansard1803–2005:gudummawa a majalisar ta Ethel Bentham

Rukuni:Haihuwar 1861
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1931
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba