Andevo

Andevo, ko bayi, sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan jigogi uku na tarihi a tsakanin mutanen Merina na Madagascar, tare da tsarin zamantakewa da ake kira Andriana (masu daraja) da Hova (masu kyauta)., Quote: "Historically, Merina had the most stratified caste system in Africa, divided into three distinct categories: nobles (Andriana), freemen (Hova), and slaves (Andevo ). These three castes were further divided into subclasses." Andevo, tare da sauran zamantakewa, sun kasance a tarihi a cikin wasu manyan kabilun Malagasy kamar mutanen Betsileo.

A cikin da kuma bayan karni na 16, an kawo bayi cikin masarautu daban-daban na Madagascar don yin aikin gonaki. Malagasy, Swahili, da ƴan kasuwa da manyan mutane na Turai sun faɗaɗa damar da suke da ita don noma da ciniki. Waɗannan ayyuka da gonaki an yi su ne ta aikin tilasta wa bayi da aka shigo da su. Turawan Umani ne suka shigo da mafi yawan bayi ta hanyar cinikin bayi a tekun Indiya da Faransawa . Mozambique na daya daga cikin manyan wadanda wannan bukata ta shafa, kama bayi da fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje da suka yi yunkurin biyan wannan bukata. Yawancin bayin sun fito ne daga Gabashin Afirka da Mozambique. Gwyn Campbell, 'Unfree labour, slavery and protest in imperial Madagascar' in Alpers, Campbell, Salman (eds.), Resisting Bondage in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia, Taylor & Francis, 2007, 49–59. Ana kiran waɗannan bayi Andevo. Gwamnatin Faransa ta soke bautar a cikin 1896, wanda ya yi mummunan tasiri ga dukiyar Merina da wadanda ba Merina ke sarrafa bawan ba. 

Yankin Andevo a cikin al'ummar Merina sun kasance ma'aikatan gida da na shuka. Sana'ar da suka gada ta gargajiya ta kasance a matsayin ma'aikata da masu sana'a, kuma sun kasance kaso mai yawa na al'umma. An kuma kira kabilar Andevo da Mainty kuma an hana su damar mallakar filaye. Ana iya mayar da mutumin Hova zuwa bawa don laifuffuka ko kuma bashi da ba a biya ba, kuma a wannan yanayin ba zai zama Andevo ba, amma a kira shi Zaza-hova.

Andevo, da sauran nau'ikan zamantakewa sun kasance masu ƙarfi a cikin al'ummomin Merina da Betsileo. A cewar William Ellis memoir a shekara ta 1838, an hana bawa a cikin al’ummar Malagasy auren mutu’a ko kuma hova. An dauki Andevo kamar olana maloto, ko "mutane marasa tsarki", sabanin Hova da Andriana wadanda suka kasance olona madio ko "mutane masu tsarki". Wannan da ake zaton "ƙazanta" da "tsarki" ya kasance dalili na haramtacciyar zamantakewa ta tarihi game da auratayya tsakanin Andevo da waɗanda ba Andevo na al'ummomin Malagasy ba.

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Rukuni:Bauta a Afirka