Josef Dobrovský

Josef Dobrovský ( ah haife 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1753 - 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1829) masanin ilimin Czech ne kuma masanin tarihi, daya daga cikin manyan mutane na Czech National Revival tare da Josef Jungmann .

 Rayuwa da aiki 
Dobrovský was born at Balassagyarmat, Nógrád County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, when his father Jakub Doubravský (1701, Solnice – 1764, Horšovský Týn) was temporarily stationed as a soldier there. His mother was Magdalena Dobrovská (1733, Čáslav – 1797).

Ya sami karatunsa na farko a makarantar Jamusanci a Horšovský Týn, ya fara sanin yaren Czech kuma nan da nan ya zama mai iya magana da shi a dakin motsa jiki na Německý Brod, sannan ya yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin Jesuits a Klatovy. A shekara ta 1769 ya fara karatun falsafar a Jami'ar Prague . A shekara ta 1772 an shigar da shi cikin Jesuits a Brno kuma yana shirin aikin Kirista a Indiya. Koyaya, an rushe dukan tsari a cikin ƙasashen Czech a cikin 1773 kuma Dobrovský ya koma Prague don nazarin tauhidin.

Bayan ya rike mukamin mai koyarwa ga Count Nostitz na ɗan lokaci, ya sami nadin farko a matsayin mataimakin shugaban, sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban, a cikin babban seminary a Hradisko (yanzu wani ɓangare na Olomouc); amma a cikin 1790 ya rasa mukaminsa ta hanyar kawar da seminaries a duk faɗin Daular Habsburg, kuma ya dawo a matsayin baƙo zuwa gidan count. A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyuka a cikin karatun Slavic, Tarihin tarihi da ilimin harshe.

A shekara ta 1792 Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Bohemian ta ba shi izinin ziyartar Stockholm, Turku, Saint Petersburg da Moscow don neman rubuce-rubucen da Yaƙin Shekaru talatin ya warwatse, kuma a lokacin da ya dawo ya bi Count Nostitz zuwa Switzerland da Italiya. 

A cikin shekarun 1780 Dobrovský ya shiga cikin rayuwar ilimi ta Prague. A shekara ta 1784, ya taimaka wajen kafa Royal Czech Society of Sciences, kuma a cikin 1818 Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na abin da zai zama Czechoslovakia kuma a ƙarshe Jamhuriyar Czech.

Koyaya, dalilinsa ya fara raguwa a cikin shekara ta 1795, kuma a cikin 1801 dole ne a tsare shi a cikin mafaka, amma a shekara ta 1803 ya warke gaba ɗaya. Sauran rayuwarsa galibi ya kasance a Prague ko a kujerun abokansa Counts Nostitz da Czernin, amma mutuwarsa ta faru ne a Brno, inda ya tafi a 1828 don karatu a cikin ɗakunan karatu na gida.

 Kyauta 
Dobrovský ya kasance mutum ne mai daraja a tarihin ilimi na Czechoslovak. Ya kasance batun kuma ga nazarin falsafa, alal misali ta Milan Machovec (a cikin littafinsa na 1964).

Duk da yake shahararsa ta dogara ne akan aikinsa a fannin Ilimin Slavonic, karatunsa na ilimin tsire-tsire ba su da daraja a tarihin kimiyya.

Tsakanin 1948 da 1968 mawallafin Czech Vladimír Holan ya zauna a cikin abin da ake kira "Dobrovský House" a Kampa, sau da yawa yana cewa Blue Abbe (sunan laƙabi wanda aka sani da Dobrovský) wani lokacin zai ziyarce shi.

 Ayyuka mafi muhimmanci 

 Fragmentum Pragense evangelii S. Marci, vulgo autographi (1778) 
 jarida ta lokaci-lokaci don wallafe-wallafen Bohemian da Moravian (1780-1787) 
 Marubutan rerum Bohemicarum (2 vols., 1783) 
 Tarihin da aka yi amfani da shi. Sprache da alten Literatur (1792) 
 Ka yi la'akari da Bildsamkeit der slaw. Sprache (1799) 
 a Deutsch-böhm.  Wörterbuch da aka tattara tare da haɗin gwiwar Leschk, Puchmayer da Hanka (1802-1821) 
 Entwurf kayan aiki Pflanzensystems nach Zahlen und Verhältnissen (1802) 
 Glagolitica (1807) 
 Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (1809) 
 Cibiyoyin linguae slavicae dialecti veteris (1822) 
 Entwurf zu einem allgemeinen Etymologikon der slaw. Sprachen (1813) 
 Slowanka zur Kenntnis der slaw. Littattafai (1814) 
 wani muhimmin bugu na Jordanes, De rebus Geticis, don Monumenta Germaniae Historica na Pertz 

Dubi Palacký, J. Dobrowskys Leben und gelehrtes Wirken (1833).

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin masana kimiyya na Jesuit
 Abin tunawa da Josef Dobrovský

 manazarta 

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