Dani Wadada Nabudere

Dani Wadada Nabudere (15 Disamba 1932 - 9 Nuwamba 2011) malami ne ɗan Uganda, mabiyin gwagwarmayar Pan-Afirka, lauya, ɗan siyasa, marubuci, masanin kimiyyar siyasa, kuma ƙwararren masanin ci gaba. A lokacin da ya rasu, ya kasance malami a jami’ar Musulunci kuma babban darektan Cibiyar Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan da ke Mbale a kasar Uganda.

Ayyukansa na siyasa, da na addini da kuma ayyukan jama'arsa sun shafe sama da rabin karni na gwagwarmayar hakkokin jama'a. Ya kasance mai magana, mai wayar da kan jama'a, kuma ƙwararren marubuci. Daga cikin batutuwan da ya shafi tafiyar da harkokinsa sun hada da samar da abinci, zaman lafiya, abubuwan tarihi, gudummawar da Afirka ta bayar wajen kyautata rayuwar duniya, koyo na tsawon rai, hadin kan iyakokin kasa, tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa, ra'ayin Pan-African, kare al'ummomin kasa da kasa, adalci na fahimta, wuraren ilmin al'umma, maido da mulki, tattalin arziki, da adalci.

Farfesa Nabudere ya kasance Ministan Shari'a na Uganda a 1979 kuma Ministan Al'adu, Ci gaban Al'umma, da Gyaran Uganda a 1979-1980 a cikin gwamnatin wucin gadi ta UNLF ta Uganda. Ya kasance shugaban farko na Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Afirka   kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Duniya (IPSA) daga 1985 zuwa 1988. [an buƙata] Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Cibiyar Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan (MPAI), Mbale, Uganda. A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Nabudere yana aiki don kafa ƙungiyoyin jama'a don taimakawa al'ummomin karkara da kuma tada murya kan batutuwan da suka shafi rayuwarsu. 

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Dani Wadada Nabudere a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1932, a Budadiri, Uganda, a cikin dangin kauyen Bumayamba, Buyobo. 

Nabudere ya yi makaranta a Bugisu sannan ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Aggrey Memorial, Bunamwaya. Ya zama ma’aikacin gidan waya na shekaru da yawa, kafin ya nemi yin karatun lauya a Burtaniya. A farkon shekarun 1960 ya tafi kasar Ingila domin karantar fannin shari'a, kuma ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1963, sannan aka shigar da shi matsayin Barista a Law, a Lincoln's Inn, London.

 A cikin yunkurin 'yancin kai na Uganda 
Nabudere ya shiga fagen siyasar kasa a shekarun 1960. A matsayinsa na dalibi a Landan a shekarar 1961, ya kasance memba a kwamitin zartarwa na kungiyar daliban Uganda ta Birtaniya tare da Yash Tandon, Ateker Ejalu, Chango Machyo, da Edward Rugumayo, wadanda daga baya suka taka rawar gani a tarihin kasar Uganda. UGASA ta tsunduma cikin taimakawa wajen haɓaka wayewar siyasar matasan Ugandan da ke karatu ko aiki a Burtaniya da Turai. Daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan kungiyar shi ne neman 'yan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya don samun 'yancin kai na Uganda.http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=629966&CatID=417 

 Yunkurin gwagwarmaya a karkashin gwamnatin Obote 
Lokacin da ya dawo daga Birtaniya a cikin 1964, ya yi sauri ya fara rashin amincewa da Majalisar Jama'ar Uganda. UPC jam'iyya ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayin kishin kasa. Sakatare-Janar nata na lokacin, John Kakonge, yana da ra'ayin gurguzu, kuma yana da magoya baya a cikin reshen matasan jam'iyyar, daga cikinsu, Nabudere. A taron Gulu na jam’iyyar a shekarar 1964, Milton Obote da manyan shugabannin jam’iyyar sun yi watsi da bangaren hagu.Shi ma, dan gurguzu na Markisanci ne a lokacin da gwamnatin UPC a lokacin take adawa da tsarin gurguzu. A cikin 1965 an kore shi daga jam'iyyar tare da Kirunda Kivejinja, Jaberi Bidandi-Ssali, da Kintu Musoke. Duk da haka, ko bayan fitar da shi daga UPC, Nabudere ya kasance mai adawa da reshen Obote mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Kusan lokaci guda, Nabudere da Raiti Omongin sun kafa Jam'iyyar Maoist ta farko a Uganda. A wannan lokacin shi ma Nabudere ya taka rawar gani a tattaunawar hadin kai tsakanin Zanzibar da Tanganyika.

Lokacin da Obote ya soke jam’iyyun siyasa, ya kuma ayyana jam’iyya daya a shekarar 1969, Nabudere ya ci gaba da fafutukarsa na jam’iyyar. Nabudere a baya a cikin 1963 ya kafa wata ƙungiyar masu fafutuka da ke Mbale mai suna Uganda Vietnam Solidarity Committee don yaƙi da mulkin mallaka na Amurka da zalunci a Vietnam.

A watan Satumban 1965, wani dan majalisar dokokin Uganda ya zargi Nabudere da shirya wani "makircin gurguzu" na hambarar da gwamnati. A cikin watan Disamba na 1969, bayan yunkurin kashe Obote a wani taron jam'iyyar UPC Nabudere (daga cikinsu) an kama shi kuma aka tsare shi a karkashin dokokin gaggawa. An sake shi a ƙarshen Nuwamba 1970.

 A karkashin gwamnatin Idi Amin 
Lokacin da Idi Amin ya karbi mulki a watan Janairun 1971, 'yan kasar Uganda da dama na bangaren hagu sun yanke shawarar yin aiki da gwamnatin Amin, amma ba da dadewa ba suka yanke kauna, kuma daga Rugumayo da dama daga cikinsu sun yi murabus daga gwamnati a shekarar 1972. Idi Amin ya nada Nabudere a matsayin shugaban hukumar jiragen kasa ta Gabashin Afirka da Harbors da ke Nairobi, Kenya, amma ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa. ya koma Tanzaniya inda ya zama daya daga cikin jagororin gwagwarmayar adawa da Amin.

 1970s: Dar Es Salaam Exile & The DebateTattaunawar 
A matsayinsa na malami, Nabudere ya kasance mai taka rawa a cikin aƙalla muhawarar siyasa da ilimi guda uku a Jami'ar Dar es Salaam a ƙarshen 1960s da shekaru goma na 1970s.  Wadannan muhawarar ilimi da shahararru an bi su a hankali a lokacin, kuma sun kasance masu tasowa a zamanin sabbin kasashen Afirka masu cin gashin kansu, inda shugabannin siyasa kamar Julius Nyerere, Kwame Nkrumah, ko Sekou Touré, da malamai kamar Nabudere, Mamdani, ko Cheikh Anta Diop duk suna kokawa tare da ci gaba ko dai wasu nau'ikan gurguzu na Afirka, Marxism, Canjin akidar Afirka ta Yamma, ko ci gaban Afirka ta Yamma. 

Na farko shi ne game da Tanzaniya, alkiblar da za ta bi da kuma yadda za ta iya nuna hanya ga sauran kasashen Afirka zuwa ga manufa ta zamantakewa. Muhawara ce ta kasance a tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Tanzaniya, wani lokaci wasu daga wajen Tanzaniya kamar Walter Rodney da Nabodere suka shiga tare .

Na biyu kuma shi ne muhawarar da aka yi musamman tsakanin ‘yan Afirka da ke cikin ma’aikatan koyarwa na jami’ar, musamman a sashen nazarin zamantakewar al’umma, kan yadda za a iya kalubalantar koyarwar da ake da su a fannonin karatunsu da kuma canza su don nuna yanayin da Afirka ke ciki.

Na uku shine muhawara a tsakanin musamman 'yan Uganda a kan "Tudun" kamar yadda ake kira Jami'ar Makerere, kuma wadanda ke gudun hijira a Gabashin Afirka a wasu lokuta wasu ma a wajen Gabashin Afirka suke shiga.  Littafin 'Imperialism and Revolution in Uganda' (1980) na Nabudere ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da kuma suka daga Mahmood Mamdani, Harkishan Bhagat, da Karim Hirji. Daga baya an sake fitar da waɗannan tattaunawa a matsayin littafi mai suna 'The Dar es Salaam Debate on Class, State and Imperialism' (1982), wanda Yash Tandon ya shirya, tare da kalmar farko ta Mohammad Babu, sanannen ɗan juyin juya halin Markisanci daga Zanzibar . 'Tattaunawar' tana da ƙimar ilimi, koyarwa da kuma siyasa da dabarun ga Uganda amma kuma Afirka da Duniya ta uku. Muhimmancin wannan muhawara, a boye a lokacin da ta ke faruwa, ya bayyana a farkon watannin 1979, domin irin wadannan batutuwan sun dauki hankulan siyasa a zahiri bayan mamayar da Amin ya yi a Tanzaniya a watan Disamba 1978. Tanzaniya ta fatattaki mamayar amma sai shugaban Tanzaniya Julius Nyerere ya fuskanci wata matsala. Shin ya kamata ya wuce Kampala, tare da sojojinsa ta yadda ya kamata ya zama "Rundunar Mamaya", ko kuwa ya kamata ya yi ƙoƙari ya samar da hadin kan siyasar Uganda don karbar ragamar mulki? Ya zabi na karshen. Amma samar da haɗin kai na sojojin da ke fafatawa daga Uganda ya zama abin ban tsoro. 

 Kungiyar Hudu da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Ƙasa ta Uganda 
A cikin jawabinsa na tarihin kungiyar 'yantar da 'yantar da jama'a ta Uganda (UNLF), kungiyar siyasar da 'yan gudun hijirar Uganda suka hade kai don kawar da Amin, Farfesa Edward Rugumayo, wanda ya zama shugaban majalisar mulkin UNLF, ya ce Nabudere ya taka rawa wajen kafa kungiyar 'yantar da kasar. Lokacin da aka kafa UNLF kuma aka kafa hukumar da ke mulkinta da ake kira National Consultative Council (NCC), an zabi Nabudere shugaban kwamitinta na siyasa da diflomasiyya. Ya zama babban jigo a NCC, tare da Edward Rugumayo, Yash Tandon, da Omwony Ojwok. An dai san su da sunan 'Gang of Four' nuni ga bangaren mulkin gurguzu na kasar Sin mai suna Gang of Four of the Cultural Revolution na kasar Sin. 

A karkashin gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta UNLF, an nada Nabudere ministan gwamnati sau biyu: a shekarar 1979 ya zama ministan shari’a sannan daga 1979 – 1980 ya zama ministan al’adu, ci gaban al’umma da gyarawa. 

Gwamnatin farko ta gwamnatin UNLF karkashin shugaba Yusuf Lule ta kwashe kwanaki shida da takwas kacal. A watan Satumban 1979 ne aka hambarar da shi daga kan karagar mulki ta hanyar kada kuri'ar rashin amincewa da majalisar rikon kwarya, hukumar NCC karkashin jagorancin Edward Rugumayo, idan aka tsige shi ta hanyar dimokradiyya, aka maye gurbinsa da shugaba Godfrey Binaisa. Ita dai gwamnatin Binaisa ce hukumar soji ta UNLF karkashin jagorancin Paulo Muwanga da Yoweri Museveni suka tsige daga mulki, kuma mai yiwuwa Tanzaniya ta marawa baya.

 Shekaru na 1980 da kuma bayan NRM 
Juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a ranar 12 ga Mayun 1980 da suka hambarar da Binaisa tare da dora Paulo Muwanga kan karagar mulki, Nabudere ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira, kamar yadda sauran 'yan kungiyar guda uku su uku suka yi gudun hijira. 

A cikin 1982 Nabudere ya koma Helsingør a Denmark, yana koyarwa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jama'a. Wannan na daga cikin shekarun da ya yi fice a matsayinsa na malami. Ya rubuta rubutun sama da shafuka 300 mai suna 'The Rise and Fall of Money Capital', wanda aka buga a 1990 a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya mai suna Africa in Transition, ƙungiyar da 'yan'uwa Yash Tandon da Vikash Tandon suka kafa. Wani bincike na kudi da ya bita Marx, Engels, Hilferding, Rosa Luxemburg, da Keynes, wadanda duk sun zo karkashin sukar Nabudere. Nabudere ya gudanar da wani bincike na tarihi kan hauhawar kudi a matsayin kudi (wanda ya bambanta da juyin halittarsa ​​a matsayin babban jari), ya kuma yi hasashen cewa a karshe kudi za su yi galaba a kan jari sannan kuma su hadu da nasu a matsayin kayan kiredit. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya faru a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, abin da ya zama sananne a zamaninmu a matsayin "kudin jari". Nabudere ya riga ya yi tsammanin hakan a lokacin bincikensa da rubuce-rubuce a Helsingør. Daga baya, Fahamu ya buga taƙaitaccen littafin, mai suna, 'Crash of International Finance-Capital and Its Implications for the Third World' (2009), wanda Yash Tandon ya rubuta kalmar farko.

Nabudedere ya kasance gudun hijira har zuwa 1993 lokacin da Shugaba Museveni ya gayyace shi ya koma kasar don zama wani bangare na Majalisar Zartarwa (CA).

Bayan dawowar Nabudere, ya zama mai sukar Museveni sosai. A tsawon lokacin CA, Nabudere sau da yawa ya jagoranci mambobin Majalisar a kan tafiya lokacin da suka saba da sauran membobin CA. Ya kuma shiga tare da Aggrey Awori don kafa National Caucus for Democracy (NCD), ƙungiyar matsa lamba ta CA.[1] [<span title="&nbsp;Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span>]

 MPAI da Afrikology 
Nabudere ya kafa Cibiyar Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan (MPAI) a Mbale, Uganda, manufarta ita ce samar da ma'ajiyar ilmi kan kimiyya, falsafa, likitanci da sauran ilimin Afirka na asali wanda ya kira "Afrikology".  MPAI daga baya ya zama jami'a, wanda shi ne shugaban majalisa na farko.

 Mutuwar sa 
Bayan fama da ciwon suga da hawan jini, Nabudere ya rasu a gidansa da sanyin safiyar ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba, 2011. Ya bar matarsa ​​da dansa da sauransu..

 Shahararrun wallafe-wallafen 

 Littattafai 

 Tattalin Arziki na Siyasa na Imperialism, 1976, Gidan Buga na Tanzania da Zed Press, London;
 Rubuce-rubuce game da ka'idar da aikin Imperialism, 1979, Onyx Press, London;
 Imperialism a Gabashin Afirka, 1980, Zed Press, London (a cikin kundi biyu);
 Daular da juyin juya hali a Uganda, 1980, Onyx Press, London;
 Rashin Babban Birnin Kudi na Duniya da kuma tasirinsa ga Duniya ta Uku, SAPES Trust, 1989, Harare, Zimbabwe;
 Dimokuradiyya da Jam'iyya Ɗaya a Afirka, Institut Für Afrika Kunde, Hamburg, Jamus, 1989; An shirya shi tare da P. Meynes;
 Tashi da Rashin Babban Birnin, 1990, Afrika a cikin Amincewa, Harare / London;
 Uganda Referendum 2000: Masu cin nasara da waɗanda suka rasa, Littattafan Kulawa, Kampala;
 Pan-Africanism da Haɗin kai a Afirka, 2002, SAPES Publications, Harare, Zimbabwe, tare da Ibbo Mandaza;
 Rikicin Kasuwancin Duniya da Hanyar Gabatarwa ga Afirka, Kampala, 2009.
 The Crash of International Finance Capital da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da shi ga Duniya ta Uku, wanda aka sake bugawa ta Uly, London, 2009.
 Afrikology, Falsafa, da Cikakken: An Epistemology, Cibiyar Afirka ta Afirka ta Kudu, PRETORIA, Fabrairu 2011.

 Sauran rubuce-rubucen da aka zaɓa 

 Ya kamata gwamnati ta kasance a bayyane a kan Obote
 Ka'idodin ci gaba, samar da ilimi da aikin 'yanci Babi a cikin 'Shekaru goma na ci gaba? canjin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a Afirka ta Kudu, 1994-2004', Vishnu Padayachee,
 Rushewar Babban Birnin Kasa da Kasa da kuma Sakamakonsa ga Duniya ta Uku 
 Fuskokin da suka Naki Ba za su warware sabon rikicin ba

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932