Pat Arrowsmith

Margaret P. Arrowsmith (2 Maris 1930 - 27 Satumba 2023) marubuciya ce ta Burtaniya kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya.[1][2] Ta kasance co-kafa Kamfen don Kashe Makaman Nukiliya (CND) a shekara ta 1957.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Margaret P. Arrowsmith a ranar 2 Maris 1930, [1] [2] a cikin iyali a Leamington Spa a matsayin ƙarami na yara uku. [3] [4] Mahaifiyarta ita ce Margaret Vera Arrowsmith (née Kingham) da mahaifinta Reverend GE Arrowsmith. [5]q

A cikin 1939, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Torquay, inda Arrowsmith ya yi karatu a Makarantar Stover, kafin ya koma Cheltenham Ladies College a cikin Satumba 1944. Ta karanta tarihi a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge,  sannan ta karanta ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Liverpool da Jami'ar Ohio a matsayin Masanin Fulbright na Amurka-UK. 

 Ayyukan yakin neman zabe 
Arrowsmith ya kasance mai yakin neman zaman lafiya kuma ya yi aiki don yakin neman kawar da makaman nukiliya, kawo karshen yakin Vietnam, kawar da sojojin Birtaniya daga Ireland ta Arewa, kawo karshen yakin Gulf, da matsalolin mata da 'yan madigo. 

 Yakin neman zaman lafiya 
Arrowsmith shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfen na kwance damarar makaman nukiliya kuma yana daya daga cikin mataimakansa.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya tattakin Aldermaston na farko.  Har ila yau, ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan kwamitin 100 na asali. Daga 1958 zuwa gaba, ta yi zaman kurkuku goma sha ɗaya saboda ayyukanta na siyasa.  A cikin 1961, ta kasance batun tambayoyin majalisar bayan an tilasta mata ciyar da ita yayin da take yajin cin abinci a gidan yarin Gateside.  Ta kuma yi aiki da kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Amnesty International tsawon shekaru 24 har zuwa 1994,  kuma ita ce fursuna na farko na kungiyar a Biritaniya. 

 1974 hukuncin daurin rai da rai 
A cikin 1974, Arrowsmith an yanke masa hukunci a kan sashe na 1 da 2 na Dokar Haɗakarwa ta 1934, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin watanni 18 a gidan yari saboda ya ba da takarda a sansanin sojojin Burtaniya, yana roƙon sojoji da su ƙi yin hidima a Ireland ta Arewa. 

 Kubuta daga kurkuku 
A ranar 7 ga Satumba 1974, Arrowsmith ya tsere daga Askham Grange bude kurkuku. Bayan fita daga gidan yari, Arrowsmith ya yi magana a wani zanga-zangar adawa da Fascist a Hyde Park kuma ya abota da masu halarta 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi. A cikin hira da 5 Cally Road bincike aikin, Nettie Pollard (wani memba na Gay Liberation Front ), tuna Arrowsmith ce wa LGBT zanga-zangar, "To, me ya sa ba za mu je Housmans ?" Kungiyar ta dauki wuri mai tsarki a titin 5 Caledonian Road wanda gidan sayar da litattafai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Housmans da jaridar Peace News suka raba. Bayan isowar, kungiyar ta tuntubi Kungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta ce: "Akwai mai gudu a Housmans, 5 Caledonian Road." Hotunan su sun bayyana a shafin farko na The Sunday Telegraph . Lokacin da jami'an kama suka bayyana a wurin, Arrowsmith ya ƙi tafiya ƙasa kuma an saukar da matakan hawa uku.   

 Roko 
A shekara ta 1975, Kotun daukaka kara ta yi watsi da daukaka karar da ta yi, inda ta kwatanta halinta a matsayin "mummuna" da "mugu". Sai dai kuma ta amince da daukaka karar da ta yi kan hukuncin, inda ta rage ta domin a gaggauta sakin ta. 

Arrowsmith ta shigar da kara a kan Birtaniya ( Arrowsmith v. United Kingdom ) a cikin Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Turai, tana mai da'awar hukuncin da aka yanke mata ya saba wa yarjejeniyar Turai game da 'yancin ɗan adam na kare hakkinta na 'yanci da 'yancin yin imani da magana. A shekara ta 1978, Hukumar ta sami hukuncin daurin rai-da-rai "wani hani mai mahimmanci a kan amfani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki don kare lafiyar kasa da kuma rigakafin rikice-rikice", don haka bai saba wa Yarjejeniyar ba. 

 Takarar Majalisar 
Arrowsmith ya kasance ɗan takarar da bai yi nasara ba na Radical Alliance, ƙungiyar masu raba gardama ta CND, don Fulham a babban zaɓe na 1966 da 1970 . 

Arrowsmith ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar Socialist mai zaman kansa, yana yakin neman Sojoji daga Arewacin Ireland kuma yana goyon bayan jam'iyyar Trotskyist Socialist Unity a kan Firayim Minista na lokacin, James Callaghan, a mazabarsa ta Cardiff Kudu-maso-Gabas a babban zaben majalisar dokoki na 1979 .  A yayin jawabin karɓa na al'ada na Callaghan game da sake zaɓe, Arrowsmith ya ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙwazo . Callaghan, a martanin da aka yi masa, ya bayyana cewa wannan ne karo na farko da ya gudanar da wani taron ‘yan takara a cikin mayar da kuri’ar godiya, kuma hakan ba wasa ne na musamman na duet ba.  Daga nan sai ya ba da shawarar cewa za a iya gayyatar Arrowsmith don ɗaukar dandalin, wanda ta yi, yayin da shi da magoya bayansa, da sauran ƴan takara da jami'in da ke dawowa suka fice daga zauren. Sai dai an watsa gajeriyar jawabin nata a BBC. Ta bukaci janye sojojin Birtaniya daga Arewacin Ireland da kuma cin gashin kan al'ummarta.   

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Arrowsmith ya shiga cikin dangantaka ta sirri tare da abokin gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya, Wendy Butlin,  wanda kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin masu sa hannu na asali na Kwamitin 100 . Ba ta cancanci samun gadon mahaifinta ba sai dai idan ta auri namiji, Arrowsmith ya auri mawaki Donald Gardner na kwana daya, kafin a raba auren. Sannan ta ba da gudummawar wasu kudaden ga wasu dalilai na siyasa, ciki har da Makon Gay Pride 1979.   

Arrowsmith ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2023, yana da shekara 93.  

 Labarai 
Arrowsmith ya wallafa litattafai da dama da ayyukan wakoki.   Ana gudanar da ma'ajiyar ta da takaddun sirri a ɗakin karatu na LSE a London. 

 Littattafai 

 (1949) Camp Christopher 
 (1965) Jericho 
 (1970) Wani wuri kamar wannan 
 (1982) Fursuna 
 (1998) Ana kiran da yawa 

 Memoirs 

 (1995) Ya kamata in kasance Jirgin Hornby 

 Waka 

 (1975) Breakout: waƙoƙi da zane-zane daga kurkuku 
 (1981) A kan Gabas 
 (1984) Kankara mai bakin ciki: waqoqin zaman lafiya 
 (2000) Zane zuwa Kashe: wakoki da hotuna 
 (2005) Ci gaba 
 (2009) Haske mai duhu 

 Ba labari 

 (1972) Zuwa Asiya cikin Aminci 
 (1972) Launin Makarantu Shida 
 (1990) Rayuwa Tara 

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Tarihin baka na Pat Arrowsmith, Gidan Tarihi na Yakin Imperial
 Taskoki da takaddun sirri na Pat Arrowsmith, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London
 Tattaunawar Pat Arrowsmith - Bayan Hiroshima Project London Bubble Theater Company, 28 Afrilu 2015 - Kwafin hira da Pat Arrowsmith
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba