Lviv

Lviv (  ko kuma ;  ,; duba kasa don wasu sunayen) ya kasance shine brirni mafi girma a kyammacin Yukren, kuma birni na biyar a girma a kasar Yukren, me dauke da mutane akalla 717,5000 (kididdigar 2022). Tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar gudanarwa ta Lviv Oblastda kuma Lviv Raion, kuma tana da ya daga cikin cibiyoyin ala'ada a kasar Yukren. Lviv har wayau tana daukan nauyin yankin gudanarwa ta Lviv urban hromada. An sanya mata suna a madadin Leo I na galicia, babban dandan Daniel, Sarkin Rutheria.  

Lviv (a baya, Lwów) ya wanzu ne a matsayin cibiyar yankunan tarihi na Red Ruthenia da Galicia a Karni na 14, ya maye gurbin Halych, Chełm, Belz, da Przemyśl. Shi ne babban birnin Masarautar Galicia-VolhyniaPerfecky, George A. (1973). The Galician-Volynian Chronicle. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.  daga 1272 zuwa 1349, lokacin da ya tafi Sarki Casimir III Mai Girma na Poland a yaƙin maye gurbin. A shekara ta 1356, Casimir mai girma ya ba shi haƙƙin gari. Daga 1434, ita ce babban birnin yankin na Ruthenian Voivodeship a cikin Masarautar Poland . A shekara ta 1772, bayan Rarrabuwar  Poland a farko, birnin ya zama babban birnin Habsburg mai cin gashin kansa na mulkin Galicia da Lodomeria. Daga 1918, tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe, birnin ya kasance cibiyar Lwów Voivodeship a Jamhuriyar Poland ta Biyu. Bayan mamayewar Jamus da Soviet a Poland a 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta mamaye Lviv.

Sojojin Nazis da 'yan sandan Yukrensun kashe yawancin al'ummar Yahudawa na birnin a lokacin Holocaust. Shekaru da yawa babu majami'a mai aiki a Lviv bayan Soviets sun rufe na karshe. An aika mafi yawan mutanen Poland zuwa Poland a lokacin musayars jama'a tsakanin Poland da Soviet Ukraine a ehkarruns 1944-46.

Cibiyar birnin mai dumbin tarihi tare da unguwanninta na duwatsu da kuma gine-ginenta na musamman na lokacin Renaissance, Baroque, ta sha daga mamayewar Sobiyet da Jamus a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, mafi yawancinta ba'a rusa ta ba. Cibiyar tarihi ta birnin na daga cikin Jerin Wuraren Tarihi na UNESSCO; duk da haka, duk da haka, an zayyano ta a matsayin wuri mai hadarin a dalilin mamayewar Rasha a Yukren. A dalilin kyawun garin na Mediterraniya, da yawa daga cikin fina-finan Sobiyet da aka dauka a maimakon  Venice ko Rome, a gaske an dauke su ne a Lviv.Hermann Simon, Irene Stratenwerth, Ronald Hinrichs (Hrsg.): Lemberg. Eine Reise nach Europa.  A cikin shekarar 1991, Lviv ta zamo sashin 'yantacciyar kasar Yukren.     

Birnin tana da masana'antu da majami'u da dama da manyan makarantu, kamar irinsu Jami'ar Lviv da kuma Politekanik na Lviv. Lviv ta kasance kuma gida ga cibiyoyin al'ada da dama kamar irinsu philharmonic orchestra da kuma Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet.

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