Josie Airey

Josie Airey (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu na shekara ta 1932 - 26 ga Agusta 2002) ta kasance mai fafutukar taimakon shari'a ta Irish wadda ta lashe shari'a a Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai kan haƙƙin samun damar samun taimakon shari'ar kyauta a Ireland . name=Long>  name="Long">

 Rayuwa ta farko da iyali 
An haifi Josie Airey Johanna Lynch a 154 Bandon Road, Cork a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1932. Iyayenta sune Michael, ma'aikaci, da Eileen Lynch (née Sullivan). Tana da 'yar'uwa daya da' yan'uwa maza biyu. Iyayen Airey biyu sun mutu da ƙuruciya, don haka Airey da 'yan uwanta ne kakarta suka girma a kudancin birnin Lough na Cork. Ta halarci makarantar Mercy, St Marie of the Isle . Ta bar makaranta da wuri don fara aiki a cikin tallace-tallace, gami da a Kasuwar Ingilishi a kantin sayar da nama. name="Long">Long, Patrick (2009). "Airey, Johanna ('Josie')". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ta auri Timothy Airey a shekara ta 1953 tana da shekaru 21. Tana da ɗa ɗaya, Thomas, da 'ya'ya mata uku, Elaine, Jean, da Noreen . Aure ya zama mai wahala, Airey ta bayyana cewa auren ya lalace saboda mummunar hali da maye na mijinta yayin da take aiki a matsayin mai tsabtace asibiti. A shekara ta 1972, an ci tarar mijinta saboda ya yi mata hari kuma daga baya ya watsar da ita. Airey ya kawo shi kotu yana neman kulawa. Ta nemi rabuwa da aure, amma mijinta ya ki sanya hannu kan takardar. Ba ta iya biyan umarnin raba babban kotun ba, saboda ba ta da damar samun taimakon shari'a na farar hula kamar yadda ya wanzu ne kawai don shari'ar aikata laifuka. name="Long">Long, Patrick (2009). "Airey, Johanna ('Josie')". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 Yunkurin fafutuka 
Airey ta zama sananniya lokacin da ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Fianna Fáil, manyan jam'iyyun adawa, da kuma Kadanal William Conway don gyara tarko na shari'a wanda ita da wasu da yawa za su sami kansu. Duk da saitin baya, ta ci gaba da goyon baya daga Eileen Desmond. Ta gabatar da shari'arta ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai a Strasbourg a 1973. Bayan an kafa matsayin jihar Irish, hukumar ta ba Airey taimakon shari'a. Brendan Walsh, lauya na Dublin, ya ba da damar ɗaukar shari'ar, kuma Airey ya zaɓi Mary Robinson a matsayin lauya. name="Long">Long, Patrick (2009). "Airey, Johanna ('Josie')". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. name="Sheehan">

An buɗe shari'ar a Strasbourg a ranar 7 ga Yulin 1977, tare da Airey yana mai da hankali kan batutuwan da suka dace a cikin Yarjejeniyar Turai ta 1950 kan 'Yancin Dan Adam kamar Mataki na 6 don "daidaitaccen sauraron jama'a", wanda ita da wasu ba za su iya amfani da shi a Ireland ba saboda kuɗin da aka yi a kotun. Strasbourg ta yi la'akari da shari'arta mai ma'ana, kuma ta shirya don ci gaba da bincika. Jihar Irish ba ta yi amfani da damar don sake duba dokar ba, tare da Hukumar ta yanke shawarar cewa Ireland ta saba wa Yarjejeniyar 'yancin Dan Adam a watan Maris na shekara ta 1978. Hukumar ta ki amincewa da ikirarin jihar Irish cewa Airey na iya karɓar irin wannan sabis ɗin a Ireland da ta karɓa a Strasbourg.Long, Patrick (2009). "Airey, Johanna ('Josie')". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Yayinda take jiran hukuncin shari'a, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1978 Airey ta ce Ireland ta kawo Burtaniya ga kwamishinan game da cin zarafin fursunoni a Arewacin Ireland yayin da take azabtar da ita shekaru da yawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1979 Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta zauna tare da gwamnatin Ireland tana ci gaba da kin amincewa da shari'arta, amma ta sanar da cewa za ta fara samar da taimakon shari'a a cikin dokar iyali. Jihar Irish ta yarda da cewa ba daidai ba ne, ba tare da amincewa da laifi ba don karya sashe na 6 da 8 na yarjejeniyar. An ba da rabuwa ta shari'a ta Airey a babban kotun, tare da karbar kuɗin da ta samu daga jihar. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1979, jihar Irish ta kafa kwamitin agaji na shari'a. name="Long">Long, Patrick (2009). "Airey, Johanna ('Josie')". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. name="Sheehan">Sheehan, Garrett (1987). "Access to the Law". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 76 (304): 421–426. ISSN 0039-3495. JSTOR 30090884.

 Rayuwa ta baya 
Airey ya koma Lynch, kuma ya koma rayuwa ta yau da kullun bayan shari'ar da ta faru. Ta zauna a titin Bandon a Cork, kuma ta yi aiki a masana'antar cakulan ta Ferrero. Daga shekarun 1980 lafiyarta ta ragu, kuma ta zauna a asibitin Marymount a Cork. Ta mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2002, kuma an binne ta a makabartar St Joseph.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932