Kungiyar Mata

Ƙungiyar Mata ta Hungarian ( Hungarian , 1904-1942) Rosika Schwimmer da Vilma Glücklich ne suka ƙirƙiro. Ƙungiyar ta himmatu wajen tabbatar da daidaiton mata a ƙasar Hungary a kowane fanni na rayuwar mata. Baya ga matsa lamba don neman zaɓen mata, sun tsara amsa don gyara ƙa'idojin aure tare da yin kira ga gwamnati ta mayar da martani don magance ayyukan yi da horar da mata ma'aikata.

 Tarihi 
Dukansu Vilma Glücklich da Rosika Schwimmer sun fito ne daga tushen tsarawa da kare ma'aikatan mata kuma sun shiga cikin batutuwan mata gabaɗaya. Haɓaka hulɗa tare da ƙungiyoyin mata na duniya, Schwimmer ya dace da mata kamar Marie Lang da Adelheid Popp na Austria da Aletta Jacobs na Netherlands . Waɗannan fitattun masu rajin mata sun bukaci kafa wata ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Hungary wadda za ta kawo buƙatu daban-daban na sauran ƙungiyoyin mata cikin hadin kai. Jacobs, musamman, ya bukaci Schwimmer da ya ƙirƙiro wata kungiya wacce za a shigar da ita a Majalisar Mata ta Duniya (ICW). Ta kuma bukace ta da ta halarci taron da za a yi a 1904 a Berlin . Glücklich da Schwimmer duka sun yanke shawarar zuwa taron kuma an fallasa su ga hanyar sadarwar tallafi da batutuwan gama gari da mata na duniya suka raba. Sun koma Budapest kuma suka kafa ƙungiyar mata ( Hungarian   ) Jim kadan bayan dawowar su. Kusan nan da nan, ƙungiyar ta shiga International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) a matsayin haɗin gwiwar Hungarian. 
Glücklich shi ne shugaban riƙo na gudanarwa kuma mai ba da shawara na ƙungiyar, yayin da Schwimmer, ya shugabanci kwamitin siyasa kuma ya zama editan mujallu na kungiyar.  Manufar kungiyar ita ce magance rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa wanda ya shafi mata. Suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da haɗin gwiwa tare da Mariska Gárdos, wanda ya jagoranci Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Hungary ( Hungarian   ) Yayin da batun Neman Zaɓen Mata ya kasance batu ɗaya da ƙungiyar ta yunƙura don magance su, sun kuma damu game da daidaiton albashi, daidaitaccen damar samun ilimi, da sake fasalin jama'a da shari'a don inganta rayuwar mata.   FE ta kuma yi yaƙi da lalata ɗabi'a na al'umma da aikin yara,  tana ba da laccoci ta hanyar shirin ba da shawara, "Zaɓi Sana'a", wanda ya ba da jagoranci ga mata matasa. Shirin ya kuma samar da kayyakin koyar da tarbiyyar tarbiyyar yara wadanda suka hada da laccoci kan ilimin jima'i, kiwon lafiyar yara da iliminsu.  A cikin 1907, an sanya Irma Szirmai (kuma Szirmay) mai kula da Kwamitin Kare Uwa da Yara, wanda ya ba da shawarwarin shari'a, ayyukan sanya aiki, kuɗaɗen kula da rana, gidaje ga 'yan gudun hijira, da wuraren kula da yara. Kungiyar ta kafa mujallu guda biyu don ilimantar da mata kan batutuwa da tattauna ci gaban mata: Mata da Al'umma ( Hungarian   Nő és a Társadalom) (1907-1913) da Mace-Jarida ta mata ( Hungarian   (1914-1927).  Eugénia Miskolczy Meller, daya daga cikin mambobi na kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Schwimmer lokacin da ta kasance a kasashen waje, a ƙarshe ya maye gurbin Schwimmer a Kwamitin Siyasa a 1914. 

Meller ya tsara nazarin FE game da sake fasalin tsarin aure don 1913 Hungarian Civil Code, yana kira ga daidaito tsakanin jinsi da daidaito. Ta kasance daya daga cikin jagororin shirya taron ISWA na 1913 da aka gudanar a Budapest da kuma taron mata na 1916, wanda jami'ai suka haramta saboda matan suna yin kira ga zaman lafiya.  A waccan shekarar, FE ta bukaci Majalisar da ta magance matsalar samar da aikin yi da horar da mata, domin akwai mata da yawa da suka rasa mazajensu da wadanda suka jikkata a yakin da suka zama masu karbar kudin iyali.  Lokacin da Glücklich ya rasu a shekara ta 1927, Szirmai ta karɓi matsayinta na shugabar FE, amma dole ta janye saboda yanayin iyali, ta bar shugabancin FE kaɗai a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Meller.  Melanie Vámbéry ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar kungiyar tun daga shekara ta 1913 har zuwa lokacin da ta koma karkara a shekara ta 1938 don boyewa daga Nazis ;  ta mutu a sansanin taro a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. 

Ban da aikin da suke yi a Budapest, FE ta gudanar da ayyukan ƙungiya a duk faɗin ƙasar tana gudanar da laccoci da kuma kafa ƙungiyoyin reshe. An dakatar da kungiyar saboda ayyukan samar da zaman lafiya a cikin 1942, ko da yake an ci gaba da ayyukan a asirce har zuwa watan Mayu, 1944, lokacin da aka kama Meller kuma bayan 'yan watanni aka aika zuwa wurin tsare Kistarcsa .   Ƙungiyar ta sake tsarawa a cikin 1946, tare da Szirmai a matsayin kujera. Ta jagoranci taron tunawa da ƙungiyar da aka yi wa Schwimmer a 1948, amma gwamnati ta sake rushe FE a 1949.    A 1958, , sakatare na ƙarshe na ƙungiyar, ta ba da gudummawar bayanan da ke hannunta ga Laburaren Széchényi na ƙasa . Da yake ba su iya adana su ba, ɗakin karatu ya aika da su zuwa Taskar Tarihi na ƙasar Hungary a shekara ta gaba. Wani ɓangare na takaddun ƙungiyar suna cikin Rubutun Rosika Schwimmer a Laburaren Jama'a na New York inda ta ajiye su a cikin 1920. 

 Manazarta 

 ambato 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 

Rukuni:Rushewar kungiyoyi da hukumomi a Hungary a shekara ta 1942
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba