Mu Dan

Mu Dan (穆旦, 1918–1977), asalin sunansa Zha Liangzheng (査良铮), shi ne mawakin zamani na zamani na ƙasar Sin kuma mai fassara. Ya kasance ɗan dangin Zha daga Haining a Zhejiang, wanda ya yi daidai da Jin Yong (Zha Liangyong). An san shi da sunan rubutu "Mu Dan", kuma ya kasance babban memba na ƙungiyar waƙoƙin "Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙin Ganye Tara" (九叶诗派) a cikin shekarun 1940. Waƙoƙinsa sun haɗu da zamani na zamani na Yamma da kwarewar gaskiya na Sin, ana kiransa da "mawakin zamani na farko".

Ayyukansa na waƙa sun fara ne a lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare ta Nankai, daga baya ya ci gaba da karatu a Sashen Turanci na Jami’ar Tsinghua, inda ya yi nazarin adabin Yamma kuma ya sami tasiri daga mawakan zamani na zamani kamar T. S. Eliot da W. H. Auden. A lokacin Yaƙin Anti-Japan, ya shiga cikin ƙaura mai nisan mil 3,000 na Jami’ar Kudu maso Yamma (西南联大), ya rubuta waƙoƙi kamar "Fita" da "Tafiyar ƙafa mil 3,000", wanda ke nuna tafiyar ruhaniya na masu ilimi a lokacin yaƙi. A cikin 1942, ya shiga cikin Sojojin Cinikin Sin zuwa Myanmar, ya fuskanci mummunan janyewar daga Dajin Hukang – wannan kwarewa ta haifar da babban aikin "Ruhun Daji – Hadaya ga Kasusuwan da ke bakin Kogin Hukang".  

Waƙoƙin Mu Dan sun haɗu da tunanin falsafa da kishin zuciya, suna karya tsarin waƙoƙin gargajiya, suna amfani da harshen zamani don bincika ɗan adam, yaƙi, da wahalar al’umma. Ayyuka kamar "Yabo" da "Bazara" suna da zurfin falsafa da kuma damuwa ga gaskiya. A cikin shekarun 1950, ya karkata zuwa fassarar, yana amfani da sunan asali Zha Liangzheng don fassarar ayyukan Pushkin, Shelley, da Byron – fassarar sa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ma’ana har yau.  

Rayuwar Mu Dan ta cika da wahala: A cikin 1958, an sanya shi a matsayin "mai adawa da tarihi" kuma an hana shi rubutu. A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya dawo waƙa amma ya mutu a 1977. Ayyukansa sun sake ganuwa a cikin shekarun 1980.

Manazarta

Category:Mawaƙan Sinawa na ƙarni na 20