Syphilis a yankin sahara

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Cutar syphilis, cuta ce da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i, babbar haɗari ce ga lafiyar jama'a, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ciki har da na Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara. Cutar, wadda ake jayayya a tsakanin masu bincike, asalinta, ta isa Afirka ne a cikin karni na 16. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta yadu ga daidaikun mutane a fadin nahiyar. Yana da matukar tasiri ga mata masu juna biyu, wadanda zasu iya haifar da zubar da ciki ko kuma haifar da yaron da ya riga ya kamu da cutar. Dangantakar ta da abubuwa kamar kaciya, ilimi, da samun damar tantancewa duk anyi bincike.
Tarihi
Asalin
Cututtukan Treponemal, waɗanda suka haɗa da syphilis, galibi sun samo asali ne daga Gabashin Afirka.Rothschild, B. M. (15 May 2005). "History of Syphilis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 40 (10): 1454–1463. doi:10.1086/429626. PMID 15844068. S2CID 6000907. Inda ita kanta cutar syphilis ta fara bulla ana muhawara, tare da wasu masu bincike suna goyan bayan ka'idar asalin sabuwar duniya, wasu kuma tsohuwar duniya ce.https://jmvh.org/article/syphilis-its-early-history-and-treatment-until-penicillin-and-the-debate-on-its-origins/Anteric, Ivana; Basic, Zeljana; Vilovic, Katarina; Kolic, Kresimir; Andjelinovic, Simun (1 December 2014). "Which Theory for the Origin of Syphilis Is True?". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 11 (12): 3112–3118. doi:10.1111/jsm.12674. ISSN 1743-6095. PMID 25187322. Retrieved 5 November 2022.Guerra, Francisco (1 January 1978). "The Dispute over Syphilis Europe versus America". Clio Medica : Acta Academiae Internationalis Historiae Medicinae, Vol. 13. Brill. pp. 39–61. doi:10.1163/9789004418257_004. ISBN 9789004418257. Retrieved 5 November 2022.An tabbatar da shi a Afirka ta 1520. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna yiwuwar zuwan wannan ya kasance a gabar tekun gabashin Afirka. A cikin kabilar Bantu, ba ta bayyana ba sai daga baya, wanda mazauna Cape Town suka kawo. Yayin da aka haramta auratayya da jima'i tsakanin maza na Turai da matan Bantu, har yanzu suna faruwa akai-akai, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a tsakanin mutanen Afirka ta Kudu.https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA20785135_29725
Zamanin mulkin mallaka
A cewar Kanar na Burtaniya F.J. Lambkin, a ƙasar da a ƙarshe ta zama Makiyaya ta Uganda, mutanen Baganda sun hana mata yin jima'i sosai. A shekara ta 1908, bayan mulkin mallaka da turawan Ingila suka yi da kuma shigar da addinin kiristanci, sabbin sarakunan Kiristanci sun cire wadannan hane-hane, saboda ana ganin ba su dace da sabon addini ba. Lambkin ya ba da misali da wannan mataki da kuma shigar da cutar syphilis da gangan ga jarirai masu lafiya, kamar yadda aka yi imanin cewa hakan zai yi musu allurar rigakafi, a matsayin dalilan da ke haifar da yaduwar cutar kwatsam a cikin yankin.https://web.archive.org/web/20200319075247/https://militaryhealth.bmj.com/content/jramc/11/2/149.full.pdf

A cikin shekarun 1950, an fara gagarumin yunƙuri na yin amfani da maganin penicillin a kan cutar a ƙasar Nijar da ke Mallaka ta Faransa ta yammacin Afirka. Manufar ba ita ce kawar da ita ba, a'a don raunana yaduwarta gaba daya.https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19532703672
Yaduwa
Syphilis matsala ce mai tsanani ga lafiyar jama'a a kasashe masu tasowa. Sama da mutane miliyan 10 ne ke fama da cutar, musamman a yankin kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka da Asiya. A cikin tsohon, bayanan da aka tattara a cikin 2019 daga bincike da yawa sun ƙaddamar da jimlar kusan kashi 2.9% a tsakanin mata masu juna biyu. Mata masu juna biyu a Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka yawanci sun fi girma, tare da matsakaicin kashi 3.2% da 3.6%. Ya bayyana cewa wasu sun ragu a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata (sai dai a Gabas), amma ba sosai ba.Hussen, Siraj; Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun (16 July 2019). "Prevalence of Syphilis among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". BioMed Research International. 2019: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2019/4562385. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 6662498. PMID 31392211.

A Kisumu, Kenya, a cikin wani bincike na 2001, mazan da aka yi wa kaciya (27.5%, ciki har da kusan dukkanin Musulmai) ba su da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar HSV-2 da syphilis. Babban ƙabilar wannan birni, Luo, ba sa yin kaciya a al'adance. Akasin haka, wannan binciken bai sami wani gagarumin bambanci ba a cikin yawaitar STI tsakanin maza masu kaciya da marasa kaciya a Ndola, Zambia.Auvert, B.; Buvé, A.; Lagarde, E.; Kahindo, M.; Chege, J.; Rutenberg, N.; Musonda, R.; Laourou, M.; Akam, E.; Weiss, H. A. (August 2001). "Male circumcision and HIV infection in four cities in sub-Saharan Africa". AIDS. 15: S31 – S40. doi:10.1097/00002030-200108004-00004. ISSN 0269-9370. PMID 11686463. S2CID 20352165.

Wani binciken da ya faru a farkon wannan shekarar, wannan daya daga cikin al'ummomin karkara a yankin Mwanza na Tanzaniya, ya gano cewa kashi 7.5% na maza da kashi 9.1 cikin dari na mata, ko da yake kanana maza (tsakanin 15 zuwa 19 shekaru) suna da kashi 2.0%, yayin da mata masu shekaru iri ɗaya suna da kashi 6.6%. A cikin maza da mata, ya fi zama ruwan dare a tsakanin waɗanda aka sake su da waɗanda aka kashe su. A cikin maza musamman, yaɗuwar sa yana da alaƙa da rashin kaciya, yin addinin gargajiya, da samun abokan tarayya biyar ko fiye a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. A cikin mata, yana da alaƙa da rashin ilimin firamare, fara jima'i na farko, da kuma fahimtar kai na babban haɗarin STI.Todd, J.; Munguti, K.; Grosskurth, H.; Mngara, J.; Changalucha, J.; Mayaud, P.; Mosha, F.; Gavyole, A.; Mabey, D.; Hayes, R. (1 February 2001). "Risk factors for active syphilis and TPHA seroconversion in a rural African population". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 77 (1): 37–45. doi:10.1136/sti.77.1.37. ISSN 1368-4973. PMC 1758332. PMID 11158690. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
Tasiri
Cutar tana haifar da ciwon al'aura, da kuma kuraje da gyambo a jikin sauran jiki da tsananin zafi Mata masu juna biyu suna iya canja wurin cutar zuwa jarirai (kusan kashi 33% na lokaci), don haka yara da yawa sun riga sun kamu da cutar. A cikin 1986, a Zambiya, kashi 19 cikin 100 na zubar da ciki sun kasance saboda syphilis, yayin da kashi 5% na dukan masu juna biyu a Habasha sun ɓace saboda STI.Schulz, K. F.; Cates, W.; O'Mara, P. R. (1 October 1987). "Pregnancy loss, infant death, and suffering: legacy of syphilis and gonorrhoea in Africa". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 63 (5): 320–325. doi:10.1136/sti.63.5.320. ISSN 1368-4973. PMC 1194101. PMID 3679218. Retrieved 6 November 2022. Rashin tantancewa ya sa wannan ya ci gaba zuwa kwanan nan; a cikin 2016, mata masu ciki na yankin kudu da hamadar sahara har yanzu suna fama da yawan mace-macen haihuwa da kuma mutuwar jarirai a kasashen da cutar sifila ta takaita, kamar Chadi, Habasha, Nijar, Najeriya, da Sudan.Kuznik, Andreas; Habib, Abdulrazaq G.; Manabe, Yukari C.; Lamorde, Mohammed (2015). "Estimating the public health burden associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes resulting from syphilis infection across 43 countries in sub-Saharan Africa". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 42 (7): 369–375. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000291. ISSN 0148-5717. PMC 4520246. PMID 26222749
Fadakarwa
A wani bincike da aka yi na manya a gundumar Moshi na Tanzaniya, an gano sanin cutar syphilis, tare da HIV/AIDS da gonorrhea, duk da cewa sauran cututtukan STI, irin su herpes, ba su da masaniya. Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa, yayin da mazan da suka san matsalolin ba lallai ba ne su kamu da su, amma ba za a iya cewa ga mata ba, wadanda ke da damar gwada kamuwa da cutar ta STI sau biyu a lokacin da suka yi iƙirarin sanin su. Jimlar kashi na syphilis ya kasance wayar da kan maza da kashi 91% da kuma wayar da kan mata kashi 75 cikin ɗari.Vasudeva, Meghana; Nakka, Raja; Stock, Shannon; Ghebremichael, Musie (August 2022). "Associations between Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Prevalence of STIs among Sub-Saharan African Men and Women". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 7 (8): 147. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7080147. ISSN 2414-6366. PMC 9332350. PMID 35893654.

Sau da yawa ba a aiwatar da aikin tantancewa da kyau a ƙasashen Afirka da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara. Misali a Burkina Faso, yawancin mata masu juna biyu ba sa samun gwaji ko da akwai su, saboda wasu dalilai da suka hada da rashin sanin illolin ciwon siga, nisan wuraren da za a yi gwajin cutar, da kyama ga masu kamuwa da cutar STI, da kuma kudin da ake kashewa wajen karbar magani.Bocoum, Fadima Yaya; Kouanda, Seni; Zarowsky, Christina (18 January 2014). "Barriers to antenatal syphilis screening in Burkina Faso". The Pan African Medical Journal. ARTVOL (ARTISSUE). doi:10.11604/pamj.supp.2014.17.1.3423 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 1937-8688. Retrieved 6 November 2022. Duk da waɗannan koma baya, yin amfani da tube na immunochromatographic don gwaji yana da tsada gabaɗaya.Kuznik, Andreas; Lamorde, Mohammed; Nyabigambo, Agnes; Manabe, Yukari C. (5 November 2013). "Antenatal Syphilis Screening Using Point-of-Care Testing in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 10 (11): e1001545. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001545. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 3818163. PMID 24223524
Duba kuma
Epidemiology of syphilis
HIV/AIDS a Afirka

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