Henry Highland Garnet

Henry Highland Garnet (Disamba 23, 1815 - Fabrairu 13, 1882) ɗan Amurka ne mai kawar da kai, minista, malami, mai magana, kuma jami'in diflomasiyya. Bayan ya tsere tun yana yaro daga bauta a Maryland tare da danginsa,Henry Highland Garnet". Encyclopedia Britannica. January 1, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2023. ya girma a birnin New York. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Kyauta ta Afirka da sauran cibiyoyi, kuma ya zama mai fafutukar kawar da tsagerun. Ya zama minista kuma ya kafa manufarsa na kawar da addini.

Garnet ya kasance wani fitaccen memba na ƙungiyar wanda ya jagoranci sama da ɗabi'a zuwa ƙarin ayyukan siyasa. Ya shahara da basirarsa a matsayinsa na mai magana da yawun jama'a, ya bukaci bakaken fata Amurkawa da su dauki mataki tare da neman nasu kaddara. ("Ya ga ɗan bege na 'yantar da bayi sai da ƙoƙarinsu."Sernett, Milton C. (2004). Abolition's Axe. Beriah Green, Oneida Institute, and the Black Freedom Struggle. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 55. ISBN 0815623704.) Na ɗan lokaci, ya goyi bayan ƙaura na baƙar fata na Amurka zuwa Mexico, Laberiya, ko Yammacin Indiya, amma yakin basasa na Amurka ya kawo karshen wannan ƙoƙarin. A 1841, ya auri abolitionist Julia Ward Williams kuma suna da iyali. Stella (Mary Jane) Weems, bawa da ya gudu daga Maryland, ya zauna tare da Garnets. Wataƙila su ne suka ɗauke ta ko kuma sun ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin gwamnatinsu. Sa’ad da Henry ya yi wa’azi game da bauta, ya rene ta don ya yi magana game da abubuwan da ta faru da kuma game da danginta da har yanzu suke bauta a Maryland. A wata irin wannan tafiya a Ingila, wani cocin Scotland ya ɗauke Garnet a matsayin mai wa’azi a ƙasashen waje. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Jamaica a 1852, kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka kamu da zazzabin rawaya. Stella ta mutu kuma aka binne ta a can. Sauran, yayin da ba su da lafiya, sun shiga jirgi zuwa Amurka. Bayan yakin, ma'auratan sun yi aiki a Washington, D.C.

A ranar Lahadi, 12 ga Fabrairu, 1865, ya gabatar da wa’azi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka yayin da ba a cikin zama, ya zama Ba’amurke Ba’amurke na farko da ya yi magana a wannan zauren,"The First African American to Speak in the House Chamber | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved February 8, 2023Garnet, Henry Highland (1865). A memorial discourse; by Henry Highland Garnet, delivered in the hall of the House of Representatives, Washington City, D.C. on Sabbath, February 12, 1865. With an introduction, by James McCune Smith, M.D. Philadelphia: Joseph M. Wilson. Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2019 a lokacin da majalisar ta amince da shi a ranar 31 ga Janairu na Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta goma sha uku, ta kawo karshen bautar.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
Lithograph na Makarantar Kyauta ta Afirka wanda Garnet ya halarta

An haifi Henry Garnet a cikin bauta a Chesterville (sannan New Market), Kent County, Maryland, a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1815."Garnet, Henry Highland (1815-1882), clergyman and abolitionist". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1500253. Retrieved February 3, 2025"Garnet, Henry Highland, 1815–1882". SNAC. Retrieved February 11, 2023 kakan shi ne babban jarumi kuma jarumi na Afirka, kuma a cikin yakin kabilanci an kama shi aka sayar da shi ga 'yan kasuwa na bayi da suka kawo shi wannan nahiyar inda Kanar William Spencer ya mallaki shi."

A cikin 1824, dangin, wanda ya haɗa da mambobi 11, sun sami izinin halartar jana'izar, kuma daga can duk sun tsere a cikin wata motar da aka rufe, ta hanyar Wilmington, Delaware, inda mai kula da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Quaker da Thomas Garrett ya taimaka musu.

Lokacin da Garnet ya kai shekaru goma, danginsa suka sake haduwa suka koma birnin New York, inda daga 1826 zuwa 1831, Garnet ya halarci Makarantar Kyauta ta Afirka. Iliminsa a can ya katse a cikin 1828 lokacin da Garnet ya sami aikin yi, sau biyu yana yin hanyar teku zuwa Cuba a matsayin ɗan ɗaki Smith, James McCune (1865). "Sketch of the life and labors of Rev. Henry Highland Garnet". A memorial discourse; by Henry Highland Garnet, delivered in the hall of the House of Representatives, Washington City, D.C. on Sabbath, February 12, 1865. With an introduction, by James McCune Smith, M.D. Philadelphia: Joseph Wilson. pp. 17–68. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2022.: 23  kuma sau ɗaya a matsayin mai dafa abinci da mai kula da wani schooner da ke gudana tsakanin New York City da Alexandria, Virginia. A lokacin da ya dawo daga tafiya ta ƙarshe a shekara ta 1829 ne ya gano cewa mafarautan bayi ne suka gano danginsa. An kama 'yar uwarsa, Eliza (an haifi Maryamu), amma ta sami damar 'yantar da kanta ta hanyar tabbatar da zama a cikin 'yanci na New York. Mahaifinsa ya tsallake rijiya da baya daga rufin wani bene mai hawa biyu don tserewa masu kama bayi. Garnet, mai yiwuwa da mahaifiyarsa, wanda ya tsere ta hanyar gudu zuwa wani kantin kwana, ya ɗauki wuka ya wuce Broadway, yana jiran a same shi kuma ya fuskanci masu kama bayi. Abokansa sun same shi a maimakon haka suka dauke shi daga cikin birnin zuwa Jericho, Long Island, inda ya zauna a karkashin kariya ta Quaker Thomas Willis. Daga nan ya zama bawan da aka ba wa Kyaftin Epenetus Smith na Smithtown, Long Island, amma ya samu rauni a kafarsa ta dama kuma aka yi nasarar sake shi daga kayan aikin sa daga baya a cikin 1829, inda ya koma Makarantar Kyauta ta Afirka na shekara guda.: 25-27

Yayin da yake makaranta, Garnet ya fara aikinsa a cikin zubar da jini. Abokan karatunsa a Makarantar Kyauta ta Afirka sun haɗa da Charles L. Reason, George T. Downing, da Ira Aldridge.Garnet's father changed his family's given names when they escaped slavery and also changed its surname to Garnet from Trusty. Daga 1831, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantar sakandaren Phoenix don matasa masu launi. Yayin da yake dalibi a can ya fara zuwa makarantar Lahadi a Cocin Presbyterian na Farko, wanda aka fi sani da Shiloh Presbyterian Church, Cocin Presbyterian na Afirka na farko a birnin New York, kuma Reverend Theodore Sedgwick Wright ya yi masa baftisma a matsayin Kirista, wanda ya kasance abokai na sauran rayuwar Wright.: 2 28

A cikin 1834, Garnet, William H. Day, da David Ruggles sun kafa ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen Garrison duka maza da mata; "Garrison" magana ce ga sanannen abolitionist Wm. Lloyd Garrison, kuma yana nuna halin ƙungiyar. Ya sami goyon bayan jama'a a tsakanin turawa, amma kulob din ya zama dole ya motsa saboda ra'ayin wariyar launin fata.

 Julia Williams 
A cikin 1841, Garnet ya auri Julia Ward Williams, wanda ya sadu da shi a matsayin abokin karatunsa a Noyes Academy. Ta kuma kammala karatunta a Cibiyar Oneida. Tare suna da ’ya’ya uku, daya ne kawai ya rayu har ya girma.Simmons, William J. (1887). "Rev. Henry Highland Garnet, D. D.". Men of mark; eminent, progressive and rising. Cleveland, Ohio: New York, Arno Press. pp. 656–661. Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020Schor, Joel (1977). Henry Highland Garnet: A Voice of Black Radicalism in the Nineteenth Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 61. ISBN 0837189373

 Manazarta