Gabrielle Enthoven

Gabrielle Enthoven OBE (an haife ta Augusta Gabrielle Eden Romaine, 12 ga watan Janairun 1868 - 18 ga watan Agusta 1950) marubuciya ce ta wasan kwaikwayo ta Ingila, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mai adana kayan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai tara kayan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan lokaci da suka shafi matakin London. A cikin 1911, Enthoven ya fara kamfen don kafa sashin wasan kwaikwayo a ɗayan gidajen tarihi na Burtaniya. A cikin 1924, Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert ya karɓi tarin masu zaman kansu, a wannan lokacin yana ƙunshe da takardun wasa kwaikwayo da shirye-shirye sama da 80,000. Kayan ya zama tarin tushe na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan kayan gargajiya da tarihin wasan kwaikwayo. Sanin da Enthoven ya yi game da matakin London da tarihinsa ya ba ta lakabin "encyclopedia na wasan kwaikwayo".

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Gabrielle Enthoven a 21 New Street, Spring Gardens, Westminster, London ga William Govett Romaine (1815-1893) da Frances Pheobe Romaine, née Tennant (1822/3-1909). Shekarar haihuwar Enthoven an jera ta ba daidai ba a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na iyali a matsayin 1870, gaskiyar da Enthoven bai gano ba har sai ranar haihuwarta ta sittin. Da ya gano wannan, Enthoven ya ce: "Kamar wannan abin mamaki ne. Ina ba da biki mai kyau kuma John Gielgud da kowa suna zuwa, kuma ba zato ba tsammani na gano cewa ba na da shekara sittin, amma sittin da biyu. Shin ba mummunan ba ne?" 

Mahaifinta ta kasance Alkalin Babban Lauyan a Crimea da Indiya, Mai ba da shawara kan Shari'a ga Kwamitin Admiralty, da Minista a Misira. Yawancin yarinta Enthoven ya kasance a kasashen waje yayin da ta bi mahaifinta a kan tafiye-tafiye zuwa wurare daban-daban a Indiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. A Misira, Enthoven ta yi amfani da ita a cikin karusar kanta a lokacin lokutan jihar kuma ta hau cikin hamada tare da Charles George Gordon  A lokacin da mahaifinta ya yi ritaya a 1879, iyalin suka koma Ingila, suka zauna a gidan da ake kira "The Old Priory" a waje da Windsor, Berkshire inda Enthoven ya zauna har zuwa mutuwar mahaifinta a 1893. Enthoven ba ta taɓa samun ilimi a makaranta ba, kuma ba a koya mata ba. A sakamakon haka, tana da shekaru goma sha biyar kafin ba ta iya karatu ko rubutu ba. Tana iya, duk da haka, a sakamakon tafiye-tafiyen da ta yi a kasashen waje, ta yi magana da harshen Larabci na Masar, Turkiyya, yarukan Hindustani guda biyu, Faransanci, Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya, da wasu Jamusanci.

Akwai lokutan da aka aika da karusa daga Windsor Castle da ke kusa don tattara Enthoven da abokanta don yin wasa tare da yarinyar Maryamu ta Teck, daga baya ta zama Sarauniya Maryamu ta Teck. Enthoven ya tuna da bulala yarinyar a fuska a wani lokaci, wani abin da ya faru wanda mata biyu za su tuna a cikin shekaru masu zuwa lokacin da Sarauniya ta ziyarci Enthoven a Victoria da Albert Museum 

Enthoven ƙaramar yarinya ce lokacin da ta fara ziyartar gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ta hau daga taga na ɗakinta tana riƙe da shilling kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gaiety, London don ganin samar da The Forty Thieves . Da yake hawa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun taron da ke jira, babban Jirgin ruwa ya ɗauke Enthoven wanda ya sanya ta a kafaɗarsa kuma ya tura hanyarsa ta cikin taron mutane don samun wurin zama a jere na gaba na gallery. Tsakanin wasan kwaikwayon, ya fitar da orange daga aljihunsa, ya ci gaba da shi, ya tura sukari a cikin rami tare da yatsa, kuma ya ba Enthoven ya sha.

A shekara ta 1893, Enthoven ya auri Manjo Charles Henfrey Enthoven (1866-1910), wanda a lokuta daban-daban, ya taka rawar Kyaftin din Ma'aikata a cikin Royal Engineers, Janar Janar a Ofishin Yakin, da Babban Jami'in Sashen Parks na London County Council. Ma'auratan ba su da yara. Charles Enthoven ya mutu daga cutar huhu a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1910.  Ba a ruwaito Enthoven a matsayin mai halarta a jana'izar mijinta ba.
Enthoven ta san Oscar Wilde sosai kuma zai ziyarce shi a gidansa tun yana yarinya. Bayan wadannan ziyarar za ta koma gida kuma ta kwafe labaran da ya gaya mata. A cikin 1948, Enthoven ta gabatar da ɗakin karatu na Burtaniya tare da wata takarda da ke dauke da waƙoƙi huɗu na Wilde waɗanda ta buga kuma ta ɗaure a ƙarƙashin taken Echoes .  A shekara ta 1889, Wilde ya keɓe waka ga Enthoven mai taken Remorse . Rashin tausayi.   (bincike a cikin saffron) . 

Tana yiwuwa cewa Enthoven ta shiga cikin dangantakar 'yan mata bayan mutuwar mijinta. Ta kasance memba na tsakiya na high world na London. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da mata kamar marubucin Radclyffe Hall, wanda aka fi sani da rubuce-rubucen da aka haramtacciyar 'yan mata The Well of Loneliness, mai zane Una Troubridge, mai zane Romaine Brooks, da kuma dan wasan tennis da mai tsere Toupie Lowther. Kungiyar ta kira kansu 'The Circle' kuma za su hadu a kai a kai don yin liyafar cin abincin dare a gidajensu a cikin yankin Kensington da Chelsea na London, ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ko rawa a kungiyoyi a Soho kamar "Cave of Harmony" da "The Orange Tree". Mata sun rayu cikin salon rayuwa mai daraja na manyan gidaje, villas a cikin rana, kudaden shiga da aka gada, ayyuka masu nasara, da masoya masu salo. A cikin shekarun 1930, duk da haka, abokanta Radclyffe Hall da Una Troubridge sun bar Enthoven, tare da Troubridge ta zargi Enthoven da "karyata irin nata lokacin da ta dace don yin hakan", kuma ta kara da cewa "ta bera ce kuma ba mu da amfani da ita". Enthoven ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samar da littafin Colette Mai ƙauna Chéri wanda Troubridge ya daidaita. Wasan ya kasance rashin nasara, kuma wannan na iya taimakawa ga mutuwar abokantaka ta mata.

A cikin 1923, Enthoven ta taimaka wajen kawo 'yar wasan Italiya Eleonora Duse zuwa Ingila don aikinta na ban kwana.

 Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo 
Enthoven marubuciya ce mai ƙwarewa kuma tana da wasan kwaikwayo na farko, Montmartre, wanda aka samar a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Alhambra, London a cikin 1912 a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake dubawa da ake kira Kill That Fly!. The Observer ya ba da bita mai kyau game da zane, yana rubuta: "ƙaramin abin farin ciki mara kalma, 'Montmartre', na Gabrielle Enthoven, shine abu mafi ban sha'awa na irin sa da muka gani". Ita ce shugabar kuma mamba mai kafa, tare da abokanta na kusa Edith Craig da Christopher St John, na Pioneer Players, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta London da aka kafa a 1911. An kafa kamfanin ne daga mambobin kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Actresses' Franchise League. 'Yan wasan Pioneer sun shiga cikin batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa na zamanin. Al'umma "ta amince da sha'awar mata da kuma duk wani motsi na yanzu". A cikin 1916, kamfanin ya samar da wasan Ellen Young, wanda Enthoven da Edmund Goulding suka rubuta. An yi shi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Savoy a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1916.

 Mutuwa 
Enthoven ta mutu a gidanta a Cadogan Gardens, London tana da shekaru 82 a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1950. Wani labari ya bayyana a cikin The Times da The New York Times . Kafin mutuwarta Enthoven ta tabbatar da cewa:

Enthoven ta ba da ragowar dukiyarta ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi waɗanda, a lokacin, ke da alhakin kudaden Victoria da Albert Museum. Kyautar ta bayyana cewa za a yi amfani da kuɗin Enthoven don tabbatar da cewa "a ci gaba da samar da masauki mai kyau ga tarin wasan kwaikwayo na Gabrielle Enthoven kuma don tsarawa, tsari na kulawa, da bayanin Playbills, Prints, Tickets, da sauran kayan".

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1950
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba