Duniya (fim din 1930)

Duniya (Rashanci: Duniya,  Zemlya; Yukreniyanci: Duniya) fim ne na Soviet na 1930 wanda Alexander Dovzhenko ya shirya. Fim din ya shafi tsarin hadin kai da kuma ƙiyayya na masu filayen Kulaks a karkashin Shirin Shekaru biyar na Farko. Fim ne na uku, tare da Zvenigora da Arsenal, na Dovzhenko's "Ukraine Trilogy".

Rubutun ya samo asali ne daga rayuwar Dovzhenko da kwarewar sa na tsarin hadin kai a asalinsa na Ukraine. Wannan tsari, wanda shine tushen fim din da shirya shi, an sanar da bakin shi a Tarayyar Soviet, wanda da yawansa ya kasance mara goyon baya.

An fi la'akari da fim din Duniya a matsayin babban aikin Dovzhenko kuma a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai mafi girma da aka taba yi. An zabi fim din a matsayin na 10 a cikin jerin manyan fina-finan Brussels 12 a bikin baje kolin duniya na 1958.

 Labari 
Fim din ya fara ne da iska da ke kadawa a gonar alkama da furanni. Bayan haka, fim din ya cigaba da nuna wani tsohon manomi mai suna Semyon wanda ya mutu a ƙarƙashin itacen apple, wanda ɗansa Opanas da jikansa Vasyl suka halarce shi. A ko ina, Kulaksawan garin, tare da Arkhyp Bilokin, sun yi tir da hadin kai kuma sun bayyana adawarsu da hadin kan. Daga baya, a gidan Opanas, Vasyl da abokansa sun hadu don tattauna hadin kai sannan sunyi jayayya da Opanas.

Daga baya, Vasyl ya zo tare da ma'aikacin farko na garin da farin ciki sosai. Bayan mazan sun yi fitsari a kan radiator mai zafi, manomin ya noma gonar da tarakata kuma sun girbe hatsi, sun lalata katangun kulaks a yayin yin hakan. Tsarin zane-zane ya gabatar da yadda ake samar da burodi daga farko zuwa ƙarshe. A wannan dare, Vasyl ya yi tafiya a kan hanyarsa ta komawa gida yayin da yake rawan hopak, sannan wani mutum mai duhu ya kashe shi. Bayan samun labarin mutuwar Vasyl, Opanas ya nemi wanda ya kashe masa dansa kuma ya fuskanci Khoma, ɗan Bilokin. Khorma bai amince shi yayi kisan ba.

Mahaifin Vasyl ya ki yarda da firistin Orthodox na Rasha wanda ke sa ran shi zai jagoranci jana'izar, yana bayyana kafurcin shi. Ya nemi abokan Vasyl da su yiwa ɗansa jana'iza na daban kuma "su rera waƙoƙi don sabuwar rayuwa." Mazauna ƙauyen sunyi hakan, yayin da budurwar Vasyl, Natalya, ta yi jimaminshi a yayinda firisti ya la'ance su. A makabartan, Khoma ya zo cikin hauka don bayyana cewa zai yi adawa da hadin kai kuma shi ne wanda ya kashe Vasyl. Mazauna ƙauyen sun yi watsi da Khoma yayin da ɗaya daga cikin abokan Vasyl ya yaba masa. Fim din ya ƙare tare da nuna ruwan sama na zuba a kan 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu, bayan da Natalya ta tsinci kanta a hannun sabon masoyi.

 Masu ba da labari 

  as Opanas
  as Vasyl
 Yuliya Solntseva as Vasyl's sister
 Yelena Maksimova as Natalya
  as Semen
  as Khoma Bilokin
 Ivan Franko as Arkhyp Bilokin
 Volodymyr Mikhajlov as priest
 Pavlo Petrik as Communist Party cell leader
 O. Umanets as peasant
 Ye. Bondina as peasant girl
  as young kulak

 Fitarwa 
Dovzhenko ne ya rubuta, ya shirya, kuma ya yi daukan fim din Duniya a 1929, yayin aiwatar da hadin kai a Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Soviet ta Ukraine, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "lokaci ... na canjin tattalin arziki da tunanin dukkan mutane. "  Hadin kai ya fara ne a 1929 yayin da Babban Sakataren Soviet Joseph Stalin ya nemi sarrafa aikin noma a Tarayyar Soviet yayin da take zama masana'antu. Wannan yana nufin hada gonaki na manoma masu zaman kansu, wanda manoma suka yi adawa da haka ta hanyar kashe dabbobinsu, lalata kayan aikin gona, da kuma kashe jami'an Soviet. Yawancin rubutun labarin fin din Duniya sun samo asali ne daga kwarewar Dovzhenko game da wannan tsari; mutuwar Vasyl ya dogara ne akan kisan wani wakilin Soviet a gundumar a cikin gidansa. Dovzhenko kuma ya samo dabarar daga tunaninsa na yarinta, alal misali ya kafa kwakwayon Semyon daga kakansa.  

An fara samar da Duniya a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1929 kuma an gama shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1930.  Levko Revutsky ne ya samar da sauti na asali.

 Hotuna 
An dauki fim din yawanci a Poltava Oblast na Yukren.Kepley, Vance (1986). In the Service of the State: The Cinema of Alexander Dovzhenko. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299106805. Don daukan shirin,  Dovzhenko ya hada kai da mai daukan hoto na Yukren Danylo Demutsky, wanda ya dauki fina-finan  Dovzhenko guda biyu a baya,  Zvenigora da kuma Arsenal.Wakeman, John (1987). World Film Directors: 1890–1945. H. W. Wilson Company. ISBN 9780824207571.Rollberg, Peter (2010). The A to Z of Russian and Soviet Cinema. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810876194. An yi amfani da salon daukan hoto na kusa-kusa don nuna muhimmancin wasu daga cikin 'yan wasan, musamman manoma da ba'a fadi sunansu ba. Babban malamin fim Gilberto Perez ya nuna sha'awarsa ga daukan fim din Duniya da irin fim din Homer mai suna Odyssey, kamar yadda muhimmin abu, a wannan lokaci shine... abun da aka fi nunawa sosai a kan allo.Perez, Gilberto (Spring 1975). "All in the Foreground: A Study of Dovzhenko's "Earth"". The Hudson Review. 28: 68–86. JSTOR 3850551.

Rawar Vasyl na murnar noma ya samo asali ne daga salon mutanen Cossack na hopak amma  Svashenko ya canza shi yayin tuntubar manoma Yukren.      

Fim din yana da tsawom mintuna 89.Rollberg, Peter (2010). The A to Z of Russian and Soviet Cinema. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810876194.       
alt=A young woman stands next to a sunflower, against a calm sky|right|thumb|Hoto daga hoton farko, yana nuna mace tsaye kusa da fure a sama

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