Sourou-Migan Apithy

Sourou-Migan Marcellin Joseph Apithy (8 Afrilu 1913 - 3 Disamba 1989) ɗan siyasan Benin ne wanda ya fi kowa aiki lokacin da ake kiran ƙasarsa da Dahomey. Ya taso ne a fagen siyasa inda wani yanki ne da ke Dahomey ya ke zama a cikinsa.

Apithy yayi karatu a Bordeaux a Lycée ko makarantar sakandare. Bayan ya kammala karatunsa a can, ya samu karbuwa a makarantar kimiyyar siyasa ta jama'a da ke birnin Paris inda ya dauki kwasa-kwasan karatun kasuwanci. Daga baya ya yi aiki a wani kamfani na Faransa da ke Afirka ta Yamma a matsayin kwararre kan akawu. Kafin kasarsa ta samu 'yancin kai, tun daga shekarar 1945, yana cikin majalisar dokokin Dahomey kuma an sake zabe shi na wasu wa'adi. Lokacin da Hubert Maga ya zabe shi a wannan aiki, shi ne firayim ministan Dahomey (Benin) daga 1957 zuwa 1958. A 1960, ya zama mataimakin shugaban Dahomey.

Ya taba zama shugaban Dahomey na 2 tsakanin 25 ga Janairun 1964 zuwa 27 ga Nuwamba 1965, lokacin da Christophe Soglo ya hambarar da shi bayan rigima tsakanin mambobin gwamnati. Bayan wannan taron ya gudu zuwa Paris a karon farko amma ya koma Cotonou bayan juyin mulkin 1970, lokacin da ya zama memba na Presidential Triumvirate a farkon shekarun 1970. Bayan juyin mulkin 1972, an kama shi tare da Justin Ahomadegbé-Tomtin da Maga, kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1981.

Wani lokaci ana kiransa a matsayin wani ɓangare na 'dodo mai kai uku' na shekarun 1960 a Benin. Ya rasu a gudun hijira a gidansa na Paris, a watan Disambar 1989, jim kadan gabanin mika mulki ga mulkin dimokradiyya a kasarsa.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1913 a Porto-Novo, Apithy zuriyar gidan sarauta ce ta Ogu ko da yake ba a haife shi cikin gata ba.Decalo 1976, p. 16 Sunansa na tsakiya, Migan, yana nufin alaƙar iyali da manyan ministocin tsohuwar masarautun Dahomeyan.Decalo 1976, p. 86 Ya fara karatunsa a makarantun mishan na gida kuma ya sami ra'ayi ga Roman Katolika, wanda daga baya za a zage shi. Apithy daga baya zai zama mataimakiyar malami a makarantarsa. Don ci gaba da karatunsa, Apithy ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris a 1933.Ronen 1975, p. 78 Bayan karatun shari'a da tattalin arziki a Makarantar Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Kyauta, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Kasa, da kuma Cibiyar Ingantawa a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Paris, Apithy ya sami difloma a cikin lissafi.Biographies des députés de la IVe République: Joseph Apithy", National Assembly of France (in French), archived from the original on 2007-08-08, retrieved 2009-02-05.

Ya kuma zama lauya a kotunan daukaka kara na Paris da Dakar. Yayi aure, ya haifi ‘ya’ya biyu. Bayan da ya shiga aikin soja da son rai, Apithy ya ga yaƙi daga 1939 zuwa 1940 a matsayin jami'in bindigu.[4] Ba zai koma Dahomey ba sai 1945. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya dawo Francis Aupiais, limamin Katolika da ake so, ya ƙarfafa Apithy ya ci gaba da yin siyasa. Ya fara a watan Yuli, lokacin da na karshen ya kasance mai shiga cikin Hukumar Monnerville.Ronen 1975, p. 79.

Da yake takara a matsayin dan takarar Socialist, An zabi Apithy don wakiltar Togo da Dahomey a Majalisar Mazabar Faransa a 1945, inda ya sami kuri'u 6,600 daga cikin jimillar 9,057. Masu kada kuri'a a zaben dole ne su zama 'yan kasar Faransa ko kuma 'yan Dahomeyan wadanda gwamnatin Faransa ta dauki alhakinsu.Ronen 1975, p. 76 Zaben da ya yi a matsayin dan takarar Majalisar wani shiri ne da Turawa suka yi; sun yi fatan zabar bakar fata don faranta wa ’yan mulkin mallaka, alhalin suna da cikakken iko. Duk da haka, Apithy ya zartar da wasu dokoki a Majalisar, ciki har da Fabrairu 1946 samuwar makarantar sakandare a Porto Novo. An ce Apithy ya kawo karshen bauta a Dahomey, ko da yake a gaskiya ba shi da hannu a cikin dokar sokewar. An nada shi mamba a hukumar kula da yankunan ketare kuma an yi muhawara kan yanayin siyasar ma'aikatu da yankunan Faransa. A cikin watan Yuni 1946, an sake zaɓe shi a matsayinsa da kuri'u 8,096 na 9.069, kuma nan da nan aka nada shi babban lauyan Dahomey.

Bayan haka, Apithy ya kasance mai suna Apithy zuwa mukamai na siyasa da yawa, duk lokacin da yake memba na jam'iyyar siyasa tilo ta Dahomey, Dahomeyan Progressive Union (UPD). Shi ne zabin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Rassemblement Democratique Africain (RDA), ko da yake ya bar kungiyar jim kadan bayan ya fuskanci adawar Katolika. Shekara ta 1946 ita ma ta zama alamar shigarsa cikin Babban Majalisar, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wakilai 30 na farko.Ronen 1975, p. 81

A cikin watan Nuwamba 1946 zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, Apithy ya yi takara a ƙarƙashin tikitin Sashen Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO). Ya lashe kuri'u 32,977 daga cikin 33,605 da aka jefa, ya kama kujerar Dahomey tilo da aka ware a Majalisar. Abokin hamayyarsa daya tilo, Emile Poisson, ya bar tseren kwana daya kafin zaben.

 Mataimakin Majalisar Dokokin Faransa 
Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko na Apithy a birnin Paris shine sanya sunan zama memba tare da kwamitocin kan hanyoyin sadarwa, harkokin tattalin arziki, da kuma kudi. Bayan shiga Babban Majalisar Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka (AOF) a cikin 1947,  sabon mataimakin ya ba da shawarar kudirin doka kan ayyukansa. Ya kuma ba da shawarar samar da bankin da ya shafi AOF da Togo, kuma saboda kokarinsa ne aka zartar da wannan kudirin doka. A cikin 1949, ya zama sakataren Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa kuma yana yawan amsa tambayoyi game da AOF da yankunan ketare a lokacin wa'adinsa na farko.Ronen 1975, p. 92

A zaben 'yan majalisa na 17 ga Yuni 1951, an ba Dahomey damar zama ƙarin wakili a Majalisar. Apithy ya fuskanci sabon abokin hamayya: malamin arewa Hubert Maga. Gaskiyar cewa an ba Dahomey kujeru biyu an san shi ne kawai a cikin makon karshe na Afrilu. Kamar yadda dokar zabe ta watan Mayun 1951, kowane dan takara sai ya bayar da sunayen wani da zai hau kujerar na biyu idan dan takara na daya ya zo na uku ko kasa. Apithy ya zabi Emile Derlin Zinsou a matsayin abokin takararsa, inda Apithy ke kan gaba a jerin zabukan da aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga Afrilu. Duk da haka, Zinsou ya ce za a tilasta masa barin kujerar Majalisar Tarayyar Faransa kuma wani daga arewacin Dahomey zai iya cike ta. Saboda haka, a ranar 23 ga Mayu aka yanke shawarar cewa za a jera Zinsou da Apithy a cikin wannan tsari. Maga, a halin yanzu, ya zaɓi ɗan kasuwa na arewa Paul Darboux kuma na ƙarshe ya gamsu a matsayin na biyu a jerin.Ronen 1975, p. 94h

 Firayim Ministan Dahomey 
An zabi Apithy Firayim Ministan Dahomey a 1958. Ya kasance Ministan Kudi a 1960, kuma daga Oktoba 1963 zuwa Janairu 1964.

 Manazarta 

Category:Haifaffun 1913
Category:Mutuwan  1989