Al-Mansur II Muhammad

Al-Mansur II Muhammad shi ne Sarkin Ayyubid na Hama 1244-1284, dan al-Muzaffar II Mahmud kuma jikan al-Mansur I Muhammad . Shi ne babban jikan dan uwan Salahuddin Nur ad-Din Shahanshah . Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Ghaziya Khatun.

 Shekarun farko 
Al Mansur ya hau karagar mulki ne a daidai lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi As-Salih Ayyub na kasar Masar ke kara karfafa ikonsa. A cikin bazara na 1247 As-Salih Ayyub ya tashi zuwa Siriya inda ya hadu da sarki Al-Ashraf Musa na Homs da kuma Al Mansur. Dukansu matasa ne - Al-Ashraf Musa yana da shekaru goma sha takwas kuma Al Mansur yana da shekaru goma sha biyu - kuma sababbi ne a kan karaga.  As-Salih Ayyub ya yi kamfen da abokin hamayyarsa An-Nasir Yusuf na Aleppo amma ya koma Masar don fuskantar sabuwar barazanar 'yan Salibiyya a shekara ta 1249. Jim kadan ya rasu.Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.91 Dansa kuma magajinsa Al-Muazzam Turanshah bai dade da raye ba kuma a shekara ta 1250 aka kifar da daular Ayyubid a kasar Masar ta hannun Bahri mamluk.Riley-Smith, J. (ed.) The Atlas of the Crusades, Times Books, London 1990 p.96

 Barazana daga Mamluk da Mongols 
Tasirin wannan juyin mulki a Masar shi ne ya sanya An-Nasir Yusuf na Aleppo ya zama babban shugaban Ayyubid, kuma Al Mansur ya shiga cikin sauran kananan sarakunan sojojin da ya tara domin mamaye kasar Masar. Sojojin Ayyubid sun gangara zuwa ga mugun fatara a wajen Al-Salihiyya a wajen Alkahira. Wannan ya fallasa An-Nasir da sauran sarakunan da suka goyi bayansa ga hatsarin mamayewar Mamluk a Siriya, kuma a cikin wadannan shekaru Mamluk sun ci gaba da fadada ikonsu a kan Palastinu da kudancin Sham. A lokaci guda kuma, Mongols suna fitowa a matsayin babbar barazana a gabas, kuma suka kwace Bagadaza a shekara ta 1258.Mundhir Fattah, Hala  and Caso, Frank, A Brief History of Iraq, Infobase Publishing, New York 2009, p.101 A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1259 (Ramadan 657) Hulagu Khan ya kaddamar da mamayar kasar Siriya da aka dade ana jira. Tsallaka kogin Furat, Hulagu ya fara kewaye Aleppo a watan Janairun 1260 (Safar 658), wanda cikin rashin hikima ya ki amincewa da tayin da ya bayar na bari ta mika wuya. Mongols sun mamaye birnin bayan wani dan takaitaccen kawanya, kuma suka lalatar da shi ba tare da jin kai ba.Grousset R (trans. Walford N), The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia State University of New Jersey 2002, p.362 Da yake bukatar wani karin gargadi, Al-Mansur ya aika da ofishin jakadanci zuwa Hulagu domin ya roki jama'ar Hama da rayuwa da kuma rayuwa. Hulagu ya yarda ya bar garin, ya aika wani jami’in Farisa mai suna Khusraushah ya shugabanci birnin a matsayin mataimakinsa.Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.350

Sauran masarautun Ayyubid da ke Sham duk sun yi gaggawar mika wuya ga Mongolawa a lokaci guda, duk da cewa sun ci gaba da kulla makirci da juna da kuma Mamluk don kokarin shirya wani kawancen soji don korar Mongoliyawa. Al-Mansur yana da alaka ta kut-da-kut da An-Nasir Yusuf, mai mulkin Damascus, wanda ya gudu kafin Mongolawa su iso, ya nufi kasar Masar tare da halartar Al-Mansur, inda a yanzu ya yi fatan kulla kawance da Mamluk don fatattakar Mongols, ya maido da kansa a matsayin babba a kasar Sham. Duk da haka, yayin da ya kusanci sansanin Janar Qutuz na Mamluk ya fara rashin yarda da shi kuma ya rasa imani ga kawancen da ya tsara. Ya karkata a tsakanin Mongoliya da suka nufi kudu da Mamluk suka nufi arewa, ya damka iyalansa ga Al-Mansur, ya mika masa jagorancin dakarunsa, ya umarce shi da ya shiga Qutuz a sansaninsa. Shi kansa An-Nasir da dan uwansa da dansa suka zauna a baya, sai mayakan Mongol suka kama shi suka mayar da shi Hulagu a zaman fursuna.

 Maida Mamluk 
A cikin biyayya ga Am-Nasir Yusuf da shiga rundunar Mamluk, Al-Mansur ya ɗauki wani muhimmin mataki wanda ya mayar da shi Hama, duk da cewa Mamluk suzerainty. Dakarun Mamluk sun nufi arewa zuwa Ain Jalut inda suka yi wa Mongol mummunar fatara, inda suka mayar da mamayarsu ta hanyar da ba a taba ganin irinta ba a tarihin Mongol. Al Mansur ya yi aiki da banbanci a lokacin yakin, kuma an mayar da shi yankinsa a Hama a matsayin Mamluk vassal. [1] Amincinsa daga baya ga Mamluk yana nufin yayin da sauran jihohin Ayyubid suka mamaye su a hankali a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, Hama ya ci gaba da zama ƙarƙashin mulkin Ayyubid har zuwa 1341, fiye da kowane birni na Siriya

Al Mansur ya yi mulki har zuwa 1284, lokacin da dansa Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud ya gaje shi. 'Yar'uwar Al Mansur ta auri Mamluk Faris ad-Din Aktai  wanda Mamluk Sultan Aybak ya kashe saboda yana da matukar barazana ga mulkinsa.

 Manazarta

Category:Mutuwan 1284