Harshen Iatmul

Iatmul yare ne na Mutanen Iatmul, ana magana da su a kusa da Kogin Sepik a Lardin Sepik na Gabas, arewacin Papua New Guinea. Iatmul, duk da haka, ba sa nufin yarensu da kalmar Iatmul), amma suna kiransa gepmakudi ("harshe na ƙauye", daga gepma = "ƙauye" da kudi "magana"; ana kiransa ).

Akwai kimanin Iatmul 8,400 da aka tsara a al'ada a ƙauyuka, yayin da aka kiyasta jimlar masu magana 46,000 . Mazaunan ƙauyukan suna da Harsuna uku, suna da kyau tare da Tok Pisin, suna da kirki tare da Iatmul kuma suna da ilimin Turanci. Tok Pisin kuma shine harshen farko na yara mafi ƙanƙanta, duk da ƙoƙarin juyar da wannan yanayin.

Gerd Jendraschek ya rubuta wani babban harshe na Iatmul kwanan nan a matsayin rubutun postdoctoral.

 Bayani na nau'i 
Iatmul wani bangare ne na dangin yaren Ndu, wanda ya ƙunshi akalla harsuna shida wanda ndu shine kalmar 'mutum'. Tare da Manambu shi ne yaren kudancin iyalin Ndu, ana magana a gefen Kogin Sepik. Iatmul shine watakila sanannen yaren Ndu daga cikinsu duka.

Iatmul harshe ne mai matsakaici kuma kusan keɓewa. Karkatarwa galibi ana amfani da ita kuma na yau da kullun, yayin da hanyoyin phonological sune mafi rikitarwa a cikin harshe. Tushen sau da yawa suna canza siffarsu yayin da tsarin morpheme da yawa zasu iya zama masu haɗuwa da cewa suna da wuyar rarraba su.

Iatmul yana da alamar jinsi na namiji da na mace da kuma lambobi guda ɗaya, biyu da jam'i. Sunaye da aikatau sune manyan ɗalibai guda biyu kawai a cikin Iatmul tare da ɗan ƙaramin ƙira a dukansu. Har ila yau, babu bambanci mai ƙarfi tsakanin masu gyara da sunaye kamar yadda za'a iya amfani da Tushen da yawa a matsayin sunaye, adjectives ko adverbs. Ƙananan kalmomi sun haɗa da sunayen mutum, masu nunawa, postpositions, quantifiers, Tambayoyi da kuma proclauses (yes, a'a), yayin da babu haɗin haɗin sashi.

 Fasahar sauti 

 Sautin da wakoki 
Tsarin sauti na Iatmul lamari ne na jayayya tsakanin malamai. Babu wata yarjejeniya game da yawan wasula da Iatmul ke da shi da kuma abin da za a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin phonemes ko allophones. Akwai yunkurin nazarin harshe kamar yadda ya kunshi wasula 1-3 kawai ta Staalsen (1966) da Laycock (1991).  Jendraschek (2012) ya bambanta da 12 phonemic monophthongs da 7 phonemic diphthongs.
+Monophthongs A gabaTsakiyaKomawaBabbaYa kuma yi amfani da shi⟨i⟩Ci gaba da haka⟨i'⟩Su, Sunubi⟨uu⟩Tsakaninda kuma, (e) ⟨ee⟩Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi⟨o⟩Ƙanananfili⟨aa⟩-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPAlink","href":"./Template:IPAlink"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"a"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwng" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">a cikin, a cikinAn tsara shi a matsayin GlutalisedA cikin wannan yanayin⟨a'⟩An yi amfani da shi don haka⟨â'⟩
+DiphthongsA gabaKomawaBabba[Abin da ke cikin]TsakaninAn yi amfani da ita a matsayin⟨ei⟩ko kuma ya yi⟨ou⟩Ƙanananfiliai̯ ne da kuma ⟨ai⟩aːi̯⟨aai⟩aʊ̯ Shaan⟨au⟩aːʊ̯ Shaan⟨aau⟩GlutalisedSanya a cikin⟨a'i⟩}

 Manazarta 

Category:Harsuna