Alice Garoute

Alice Garoute (1874 – 30 Oktoba 1950) yar Haiti ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata a Haiti, gami da na matan karkara. A kan mutuwarta a shekara ta 1950, Alice Garoute ta nemi a sanya furanni a kan kabarinta ranar da matan Haiti za su iya yin zabe. [1] Wataƙila ta halarci taron farko na Hukumar Mata ta Inter-American (IACW) a Havana a cikin Fabrairu 1930. [2] IACW ita ce ke da alhakin binciken shari'ar mata a Latin-Amurka kuma ana yaba mata da kasancewa ƙungiyar gwamnati ta farko a duniya da aka kafa don bayyana manufar ba da shawara ga al'amuran mata. [2]

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Alice Thézan a shekara ta 1874 a Cap-Haitien, a arewacin Haiti. Iyayenta suna cikin tawaye ga shugaban Lysius Salomon kuma saboda haka, an kai dangin zuwa Kingston, Jamaica . A cikin kuruciyarta, lokacin da iyali suka koma Haiti,  ta yi aure a takaice kuma tana da jarirai biyu da suka mutu.  Ba a san miji na farko ko zawarcin mijinta na biyu ba. Abin da aka sani shi ne Thézan yana zaune a Port-au-Prince, lauya Auguste Garoute daga garin Jérémie ya kasance gwauruwar kwanan nan tare da yara ƙanana, kuma ma'auratan sun yi aure a ƙarshen karni na sha tara. " 

A cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na ashirin, Alice da Thérèse Hudicourt, matar lauya Pierre Hudicourt, kuma haziƙi kuma mai Marxist, sun kafa ƙungiyar littattafan littattafai don ƙungiyar mata masu ilimi inda suka karanta littattafai a cikin Turanci da Faransanci ciki har da litattafai da kayan siyasa. Daga nan sai suka tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi mata zuwa Marxism, wanda ke haifar da karuwar wayar da kan mata game da rashin 'yancin jama'a a cikin al'ummar Haiti.  Wannan ya kara wayar da kan jama'a da aikin soja na Amurka, wanda ya fara a 1915 kuma ta hanyar 1920 ya bayyana a matsayin mulkin cin zarafi ga matan Haiti" [   da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin ƙoƙarin kare kansu. Washington, DC don buƙatar a sarrafa sojojin Amurka  Lokacin da a ƙarshe suka tattara isassun kuɗi don aika wakilai a cikin 1921, Shugaba Harding da Majalisa ba su da amsa, amma tarurrukan da WEB Du Bois da NAACP ya haifar da "aiki na gano gaskiya" da aka aika  da haɓaka dangantaka da mata baƙar fata daga Amurka da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa. Waɗannan matan na Amurka suna ganin ba da ikon mallaka a matsayin hanyar kawo ƙarshen lalata da kansu kuma sun gane cewa cin zarafin jima'i matsala ce ta duniya. 

 Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale 
A kan wannan koma baya na adawa da mata masu gudana ga sojojin Amurka na Haiti (1915-1934) tana cikin wadanda suka kafa a 1934 na Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (aka Feminine League for Social Action ) da kuma shugabanta wanda ya fara a 1941. Ta yi jawabai da dama masu ratsa jiki da rubuce-rubuce a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa don samar da daidaito ga mata tare da tabbatar da hujjarta da tarurruka daban-daban da Haiti ta rattabawa hannu don tallafawa 'yancin mata. 

Bayan Alice Garoute, membobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da: Madeleine Sylvain, Fernande Bellegarde, Thérèse Hudicourt, Alice Téligny Mathon, Marie-Thérèse Colimon da Marie-Thérèse Poitevien waɗanda yawancinsu malamai ne na haɓakar zamantakewa. Gwamnati ta dakatar da kungiyar watanni biyu bayan kafuwarta. Manufofin gasar sun sami goyon bayan bangaren hagu na siyasa kuma sun hada da: karin makarantu na 'yan mata, daidaito ga mata a cikin dokokin iyali, daidaiton albashi ga daidaiton aiki, 'yancin jefa kuri'a ga mata, kungiyoyin kwadago na kyauta da ma'aikatar kwadago tare da ofishin mata. An sake kafa gasar ne a lokacin da aka amince da yin nazarin manufofinta maimakon aiwatar da su nan take. An ba da lamuni don ba da haƙƙin zaɓe ga mata a cikin 1957. 

 Taron farko na Matan Haiti 
Kungiyar ta shirya taron farko na matan Haiti a ranar 10-14 ga Afrilu, 1950 a karkashin kulawar shugabanta mai daraja, Uwargidan Shugaban kasa Lucienne Heurtelou Estimé. Alice Garoute ta ba da jawabi na musamman game da yanayin ilimin matan Haiti inda ta ce matan da suka yi makaranta tun 1940 a makarantu masu zaman kansu uku da suka yarda da su sun yi da maza. Ta kuma koka da cewa mata a Haiti a lokacinta ana kula da su kamar yadda Napoleon 's Code Noir (aka Napoleon's Black Code): "kamar yara da masu tabin hankali". A bikin rufe majalisar Alice Garoute da wasu fitattun mata sun gabatar da jerin bukatu a hukumance. 

 Bugawa 
Congrès national des femmes haitiennes: le Féminisme en Marche (1951) Eben-Ezer

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Matattun 1950
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba