Prudencia Ayala

Prudencia Ayala (28 Afrilu 1885 - 11 Yuli 1936) marubuciya ce ta Salvadoran, ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa, kuma mai fafutukar fafutukar yancin mata a El Salvador, haka kuma mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a El Salvador da Latin Amurka.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Prudencia Ayala a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1885, ga dangin ƴan asalin ƙasar masu aiki a Sonzacate. Iyayenta su ne Aurelia Ayala da Vicente Chief. Sa’ad da ta kai shekara goma, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa birnin Santa Ana, inda ta halarci makarantar firamare ta María Luisa de Cristofine. [1] Duk da cewa ba ta gama karatun ta ba saboda rashin wadatar danginta, [2] ta ci gaba ta hanyar koyar da kai.

Ta koyi dinki da yin sana'ar dinki tare da ayyukanta na gaba. Ta ba da tabbacin cewa tana da ikon yin hasashen makomar ta hanyar saƙonnin da ta samu daga "muryoyin sirri". Hakan ya ba ta damar samun wani abu a tsakanin 'yan uwanta na kurkusa, wanda hakan ya sa ta samu shahara da karbuwa duk da cewa ba za a iya ganin gaskiyar hasashenta ba. Wannan magana ta kuma janyo suka da izgili daga wasu kungiyoyin zamantakewa.

An buga hasashenta a jaridun Santa Ana, inda ake mata lakabi da "la sibila santaneca". A cikin 1914, ta yi hasashen faduwar Kaiser na Jamus da kuma shigar Amurka cikin yakin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sunanta zai ɗauki mahimmanci saboda tsarinta na mata da kuma halinta na esoteric.

 Ayyukan zamantakewa 
Daga 1913 ta fara buga ra'ayoyin ra'ayi a cikin Diary of West, lokacin da ta yi tafiya zuwa yammacin El Salvador . Ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyoyin adawa da mulkin mallaka, mata, da sake haɗewar Amurka ta tsakiya . Ta nuna rashin amincewa da mamayewar da Amurka ta yi a Nicaragua . Ta kuma buga wakoki a jaridu da yawa a El Salvador .

A cikin 1919 an saka ta a kurkuku saboda zargi a daya daga cikin ginshiƙanta, magajin garin Atiquizaya da kuma, a Guatemala, an saka ta a gidan yari na tsawon watanni saboda zarge-zargen hada kai da shirin juyin mulki. A cikin 1921 ta buga littafinta Escrible . Kasadar balaguron balaguron tafiya zuwa Guatemala, inda ta ba da labarin tafiyarta zuwa Guatemala a cikin watannin ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Manuel Estrada Cabrera . Bugu da ƙari, ta buga littattafan Immortal, Amores de Loca (1925) y Fumada Mota (1928). A lokacin karshen shekarun 1920, ta ba da kudade da kuma gudanar da jaridar Rendencion Femenina, inda ta bayyana matsayinta game da yakin 'yancin mata . 

 Shiga cikin siyasa 
A shekara ta 1930, ta yi niyyar tsayawa takara a matsayin ' yar takarar shugabancin jamhuriya, duk da cewa dokar Salvadoran ba ta amince da 'yancin mata na kada kuri'a ba . Tsarin gwamnatinta ya haɗa da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyi, gaskiya, da nuna gaskiya na gudanar da gwamnati, iyakance rarrabawa da shan barasa, mutunta 'yancin yin ibada da kuma amincewa da "'ya'yan shege". Ta fara muhawara a bainar jama'a na muhawarar shari'a da siyasa don nuna goyon baya da adawa da burinta. Daya daga cikin masu fafutukar neman takararta shine masanin falsafa, malami, marubuci, kuma dan majalisa Alberto Masferrer, wanda, a cikin Jaridar Patria, ya ce:Prudencia Ayala ta kare gaskiya da adalci, wanda shine 'yancin mata na kada kuri'a da kuma rike manyan mukamai. Shirin gwamnatinta ba shi da kasa a cikin hujja, azanci da sauki, fiye da sauran ’yan takarar da aka dauka da muhimmanci.A ƙarshe, Kotun Koli ta ƙi amincewa da aikace-aikacenta, amma muhawarar da ta biyo bayan manufar nadin nata ya haifar da yunkurin mata wanda ya ba da damar yin la'akari da hakkin mata a cikin 1939,  da kuma cewa a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1950, a karkashin amincewar Shugaba Oscar Osorio, ya ba da izinin doka na 'yancin mata a El Salvador . 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Prudencia Ayala ta rasu a ranar 11 ga Yulin 1936, nesa da fagen siyasa, amma kusa da talakawa da ƙungiyoyin jama'a . Babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa ta shiga cikin tashin hankalin ma'aikaci a 1932, amma an yi imanin cewa ta hada kai da tashe-tashen hankula. A cikin Maris 2009, don bikin Ranar Mata, da kuma girmamawa ga Prudencia Ayala, an shirya wasan kwaikwayo Prudencia en tiempos de brujería . 

A cikin Maris 2017, Avenue 10 South a cikin San Jacinto unguwar San Salvador an kira Avenida Prudencia Ayala, daya daga cikin kawai biyu tituna a babban birnin Salvadoran mai suna mace.  Alamar tunawa da canjin suna tana bayanin kula:

 Prudencia Ayala, Salvadoran 'yar jinin 'yan asalin ƙasar, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1885
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1936