Laudelina de Campos Melo

Laudelina de Campos Melo (12 ga Oktoba 1904 - 12 ga Mayu 1991) ta kasance mai fafutukar Afirka da Brazil, mai shirya aiki kuma ma'aikaciyar al'umma. Ma'aikaciyar gida ce ga mafi yawan rayuwarta, ta fahimci tun tana ƙarama da nuna bambanci da kuma rage darajar mata masu aiki. A duk rayuwarta, ta yi ƙoƙari ta canza ra'ayi da manufofi na jama'a game da ma'aikatan cikin gida, kuma ta yi nasara wajen kafa kungiyoyi ga ma'aikatan gida don yin kira ga a gane su a matsayin ma'aikatan da suka cancanci haƙƙin aiki.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Laudelina de Campos Melo a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1904 a Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil ga Sidônia da Marco Aurélio . Mahaifiyarta ma'aikaciyar gida ce kuma mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai katako. Iyaye biyu an haife su ne ga bayi, amma a karkashin ka'idojin Dokar Rio Branco, wanda ya wuce a 1871, an ba su 'yanci a lokacin haihuwa, kodayake iyayensu sun kasance a cikin bauta. A lokacin da take da shekaru 12, lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu a hatsarin itace, Melo ta bar makaranta don kula da 'yan uwanta biyar don mahaifiyarta ta iya aiki na cikakken lokaci a otal.

Da yake sha'awar inganta al'ummarta, tun daga lokacin da take matashiya, Melo ta yi aiki a kungiyoyin al'adun baƙar fata daban-daban. A shekara ta 1920, an zabe ta shugabar kungiyar al'adu, Clube 13 de Maio, wacce ta mayar da hankali kan gwagwarmayar siyasa da ayyukan nishaɗi. Yayinda take matashiya, ta fara aiki a matsayin mai gida ga Julia Kubitschek . Dan Kubitschek Juscelino zai zama shugaban Brazil a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 kuma Melo ya zauna ya yi aiki a cikin gidan ko da bayan sun koma São Paulo.

 Yunkurin fafutuka 
A shekara ta 1924, Melo ta auri wani masanin dutse, Henrique Geremias, wanda ya fito daga Rio de Janeiro. Ta zama mai aiki a siyasa, ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Brazil, Frente Negra Brasileira (Black Brazilian Front), da kuma kungiyar al'adun baƙar fata Saudades de Campinas . Sun kasance a São Paulo, inda aka haifi 'ya'yansu biyu, har zuwa 1932, lokacin da suka koma Santos. A can, gwagwarmayar Melo ta mayar da hankali kan rage nuna bambanci na launin fata da kuma rage darajar aikin mata masu aiki. A kusa da shekara ta 1936, ta kafa Associação Beneficente das Domésticas de Santos (Santos Domestic Laborers' Association). Ta hanyar haɗa ma'aikata a cikin kungiyar, ta yi fatan zai zama dandamali don inganta iliminsu kan batutuwan shari'a da ke shafar su, da kuma abin hawa don gina wayar da kan jama'a da hadin kai tsakanin ma'aikatan gida mata don yin gwagwarmaya don hakkinsu.

Ta ci gaba da matsawa don haƙƙin ma'aikatan cikin gida har sai mulkin kama-karya na Shugaba Getúlio Vargas ya haramta kungiyoyin zamantakewa. Lokacin da aka kori Vargas ta hanyar juyin mulki, a 1946, ta ci gaba da aikin kungiyar ta cikin gida a matsayin shugabanta. Yin aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara, a ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Melo ta koma tare da dangin aikinta zuwa Mogi das Cruzes, inda ta gudanar da gidan gona / otal har sai ma'aikacinta ya mutu. Komawa a 1954 ko 1955 zuwa Campinas,   Melo ya buɗe gidan kwana kuma ya bar aikin gida a baya. Ta sayar da kayan lambu a filin wasan kwallon kafa na Guarani da Ponte Preta don kara yawan kuɗin shiga  kuma ta kara aikinta a fannin al'adu da kasuwanci. Tana aiki a cikin Black Movement na Brazil, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Teatro Experimental do Negro (Black Experimental Theater), wanda ke da niyyar samar da ayyukan al'adu masu amincewa ta hanyar rawa da wasan kwaikwayo ga matasa baƙar fata. Don sauƙaƙe samun horo, Melo ya kafa makarantar rawa da kiɗa a Campinas.

A cikin 1961, Melo ya kafa Associação dos Empregados Domésticos de Campinas (Association of Campinas' Domestic Laborers) don tallafawa horar da karatu da rubutu da kuma hada ma'aikatan gida. Ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan siyasa kamar Francisco Amaral da kuma bangaren ci gaba na Cocin Katolika don ci gaba da matsawa don haƙƙin ma'aikatan gida. Koyaya, ta bar Kungiyar a cikin 1968 saboda rikice-rikice a ciki. A shekara ta 1972, an ba ma'aikatan cikin gida damar samun tsaro na jama'a da kuma hutun shekara-shekara.

A shekara ta 1982, an kira Melo zuwa kungiyar ma'aikatan gida. Ta taimaka wajen sake fasalin kungiyar a cikin ƙungiyar hukuma a shekarar 1988, a ƙarƙashin sabon sunan Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Domésticos de Campinas (Union of Domestic Workers).  

 Mutuwa da gado 
Melo ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1991 a Campinas kuma ta ba da gudummawar gidanta don a yi amfani da ita a matsayin hedkwatar Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Domésticos .  An san ta a matsayin wacce ta kafa kungiyar ma'aikatan gida ta farko a Brazil kuma ta kasance ta farko wajen wayar da kan jama'a da kare haƙƙoƙi ga ma'aikatan cikin gida a kasar. Ayyukanta sun haifar da ci gaban irin waɗannan kungiyoyi a wasu jihohi kuma sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga amincewa da ma'aikatan cikin gida da ke samun damar zama ma'aikata kuma suna da fa'idodi masu kariya.

 Kyauta 
Marubucin Jarid Arraes ne ya rubuta tarihin rayuwarta a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin igiyoyi na 2015 da littafin Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis . 

A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2020, Google ta yi bikin ranar haihuwarta ta 116 tare da Google Doodle . 

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1904
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba