Alexandra Gripenberg

Alexandra Gripenberg, wanda aka fi sani da Alexandra van Grippenberg, (1857 - 24 Disamba 1913) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan kasar Finland, marubuciya, edita, mai wallafa jarida, kuma zababben siyasa, kuma ta kasance mai babbar murya a cikin ƙungiyar kare hakkin mata a Finland a farkon karni na 20.  An kuma san ta da suna Fennoman .

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Gripenberg a shekara ta 1857, kuma iyalinta manyan mutane ne masu magana da yaren Sweden. Ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar kare hakkin mata ta farko a Finland, Suomen Naisyhdistys (Kungiyar Mata ta Finland), a Helsinki a 1884 kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobinta masu aiki. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar na wa'adi biyu, 1889-1904 da 1909-1913.  Tsakanin 1887 da 1888, ta yi tafiya a Ingila da Amurka, don nazarin darussan daga ƙungiyoyin mata na waɗancan ƙasashe. Wannan yawon shakatawa ya yi wahayi zuwa littafinta A Half Year in the New World wanda aka buga a 1889. A wannan shekarar ta kuma kafa daya daga cikin mujallu na mata na Finnish na farko, Koti ja Yhteiskunta, wanda aka buga har zuwa Disamba 1911. Gripenberg kuma shi ne babban editan mujallar wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin sashin Suomen Naisyhdistys .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi na Majalisar Mata ta Duniya daga 1893 zuwa 1899. 

Finland ta ba da izinin mata a shekara ta 1906. [1] Gripenberg na ɗaya daga cikin mata goma sha tara da aka zaba a 1907, wanda ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin matan farko da aka zaba zuwa Majalisar dokokin Finland.[2] An zabe ta ne ta hanyar Jam'iyyar Finnish mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, wanda ya kasance da wahala a gare ta a wasu lokuta yayin da take magana da yaren Sweden kuma jam'iyyar tana magana da yarin Finnish tare da goyon bayan tushen ciyawa mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙauyen Finnish.[2] Gripenberg ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar har zuwa 1909. [2] Ta mutu a shekara ta 1913.[3]

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 

 Anna Moring (ed.). (2006). Siyasa ta Jima'i: Shekara ta Mata a Finland . Helsinki: Otava.
 Aura Korppi-Tommola. (1990). "Yaki tare don 'Yanci: Ƙasa, Socialism, Feminism, da Sufrage na Mata a Finland 1906." Jaridar Tarihin Scandinavia 15: 181-91.
 Helen Rappaport (2001). "Alexandra van Gripenberg. " A cikin Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers, wanda Helen Rappaport ya shirya. [Hasiya]
 Riita Jallinoja (1980). "The Women's Liberation Movement in Finland," Jaridar Tarihin Scandinavia 5: 36-49.

 Haɗin waje 

 Works by Alexandra GripenbergaShirin Gutenberg
 Works by or about Alexandra Gripenberga cikinTarihin Intanet
 Works by Alexandra GripenbergaLibriVox (littafan sauti na yankin jama'a) 
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1857
Rukuni:Mutuwan1913