Ibn Furak

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Fūrāk, Abū Bakr al-Asbahānī al-Shāfi`ī,wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Fūrak;  c.  941-c.  1015 CE / 330-406 AH).  Imam, babban jami'in kalami da usul, mai watsa mazhabar Ash'ari, kwararre a fannin harshen larabci, nahawu da waka, mai magana, masanin fikihu, kuma malamin hadisi daga Madhabbah Shafi'i a karni na 10. 

 Rayuwa 

 Haihuwar da Ilimi 
An haifi Ibn Furak a kusa da shekarar alif 941 AZ (330 AH) a Isfahan . Ya yi nazarin tauhidin Ash'ari a ƙarƙashin Abu al-Hasan al-Bahili tare da Al-Baqillani da Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini a Basra da Baghdad, da kuma al'adun annabci a ƙarƙashin 'Abd Allah bin Ja'far al-Isbahani . Daga 'Irak ya tafi Rayy, sannan zuwa Nishapur, inda aka gina masa madrasa kusa da Khanqah na Sufi al-Bushandji. Ya kasance a Nishapur kafin mutuwar Sufi Abu 'Uthman al-Maghribi a cikin shekarar alif 373/983, kuma Mai tsarki zai umarci Ibn Furak ya jagoranci addu'ar binne shi kafin mutuwarsa  .

 Ayyukan ilimi 
Ibn Furak shi ne malami da kuma maigidan al-Qushayri da al-Bayhaqi wadanda dukansu za su ambaci Al-Risala da Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat, bi da bi. Ya yi muhawara kuma ya ci nasara a kan anthropomorphist Karramiyya a Rayy, sannan ya yi tafiya zuwa Nishapur inda ya horar da kuma koyar da tsara mai zuwa na lauyoyi a makarantar da aka kafa don girmama shi, wanda shine fadada makarantar Sufi ta baya (Khanqah) da Abû al-Hasan al-Bushanji ya gina. A Nishapur, ya kawo watsa shirye-shiryen masu ba da labari na Basra da Baghdad, duka daga Iraki, kuma ya rubuta littattafai da yawa a fannoni daban-daban da kimiyyar Islama.

 Rikici da Mutuwa 
Karramiyya da farko ya yi ƙoƙari Sultan Ghazni" id="mwaA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud na Ghazni ya kashe shi amma ya kasa bayan Sultan ya kira shi zuwa Ghazni kuma ya tambaye shi sannan ya wanke shi daga kuskuren zargin da suka kawo masa yayin da aka sami Ibn Furak marar laifi daga zarge-zargen ƙarya da abokan gaba suka gabatar. Koyaya, bayan ya dawo daga Ghazni, Karramiyya mai fushi ya sa masa guba, ya fadi a kan hanya, kuma ya mutu a cikin 1015 AZ (406 AH) yayin da wani juyi ya ce an kai masa hari daga baya daga gare su. An dawo da shi zuwa Nishapur kuma an binne shi a al-Hira . A cewar Ibn Asakir, kabarin Ibn Furak wuri ne inda mutane ke zuwa neman warkarwa (istishfâ') kuma an ba da addu'o'insu.

 Rikici game da Ibn Furak 
Al-Dhahabi ya ambaci Ibn Furak a cikin wani ɗan gajeren bayani yana nuna wasu rahotanni marasa daidaituwa da lalata daga Ibn Hazm, ba tare da yin tambaya game da niyyar su ba inda aka zargi Ibn Furak da rashin adalci da da cewa annabcin ya ƙare bayan mutuwar Muhammadu da sauran masu ɓata suna zarginsa da rashin gaskatawa. Duk da wannan, Al-Dhahabi ya ci gaba da cewa: "Ibn Furak ya fi Ibn Hazm kyau, mai girma (matsayi tsakanin malamai) da kuma imani mafi kyau (ka'idar). "

Ibn al-Subki ya ba da shaida cewa wannan sanarwa ta Ibn Hazm "ƙirƙirar ƙirar Ash'ari ce da yaudara" da aka danganta da Ibn Furak. Ya nuna yadda Al-Qushayri da Ibn al-Salah suka karyata waɗannan rahotanni. Ibn al-Subki ya nakalto kalmomin Ibn Furak da ke ba da shaida ga imaninsa na gaskiya. Ibn Furak ya ce: "Gaskiya ta Ash'ari (ka'idar) ita ce annabinmu (صلى الله عليه وسلم) yana da rai a cikin Kabarinsa Mai Albarka kuma shi ne Manzon Allah (Allah), har abada har zuwa Ƙarshen Lokaci, wannan a zahiri, ba a kwatanci ko a alama ba, kuma imanin da ya dace shi ne cewa shi (Annabi Muhammad (صلى الله الله عليه وسلم), annabinsa ya kasance tsakanin Ruwa da yumɓu, kuma annabinsa zai kasance har yanzu.

 Halinsa 
A cewar shahadar Imam Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Dunas al-Findalawi al-Maliki, Ibn Furak koyaushe zai yi barci a wani wuri saboda girmamawa ga gidan da ya sami kundin Alkur'ani.

 Ayyuka 
Ayyukan Ibn Furak a cikin "Usul al-Din" (tushen addini), "Usul al-fiqh" (tishirin shari'a), da ma'anar Alkur'ani sun ƙidaya kusan ɗari. Daga cikinsu akwai Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari da Kitab Mushkil al-hadith wa-bayanihi (tare da bambance-bambance da yawa na taken), inda ya karyata dabi'un karramis da kuma fassarar Mu'tazila. Ibn Furak ya ce ya fara nazarin Kalam saboda hadith da aka ruwaito daga Annabi.

Babban aikinsa a idanun tsararraki na gaba shine Tabaqat al-mutakallimin wanda shine babban tushen nazarin tauhidin al-Ash'ari.

 Malaman Musulunci na Farko 

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 Manazarta 

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