Emma Ghent Curtis

Emma Ghent Curtis (an haife ta a watan Mayu 18, 1860 - Fabrairu 9, 1918) marubuciya ce Ba'amurke, mawaƙiya, mawallafin jarida, Populist, kuma mai fafutuka. Curtis ya buga litattafai biyu na Yamma a ƙarshen 1880s. Na biyu daga cikin waɗannan, The Administratrix, shine labari na farko na kaboyi a waje da al'adar dime novel, wanda ya wuce Owen Wister 's The Virginian fiye da shekaru goma. Curtis ya taka rawar gani wajen sanya zaben mata ya zama wani bangare na dandalin Populist.

 Rayuwar farko da asali 
An haifi Emma Ghent ga Ira Keith Ghent da Mary Palmer Ghent a 1860, a Frankfort, Indiana . Mahaifinta manomi ne. Ta sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Frankfort a 1877. Emma Ghent ta auri James Curtis, magidanci, a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1882, a Cañon City, Colorado . Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu.  name=":0">

 Sana'a 
alt=|thumb| Misali daga Emma Ghent Curtis's "A cikin Duhun Wata" na NC Wyeth
Curtis ta buga littafinta na farko, The Fate of a Fool, a cikin 1888. Saita a Colorado, labari ya bincika mummunan tasirin aikin jima'i akan maza da mata. Gessia, malamin kiɗa, ya auri wani kyakkyawan makiyayi kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran kiwo, sai kawai ya gano cewa a baya ya kula da gidan karuwai. Ma'auratan suna ciyar da yawancin litattafai suna jayayya game da zamantakewar zamantakewa na aikin jima'i. A ƙarshe, Gessia ta mutu da gajiya, cike da kunya game da "rashin tsarki" na mijinta. 

Littafin littafin Curtis na biyu, The Administratrix, ya biyo baya a cikin 1889. Maryamu, jarumar littafin, malamar makaranta ce wacce ta ƙaura daga Indiana zuwa Colorado. Ta kamu da soyayya da wani kauye mai suna Jim, wanda shi ne mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Lokacin da aka kashe Jim, Maryamu ta ketare riguna a matsayin kaboyi domin ta nemo wadanda suka kashe shi ta dauki fansa. Wannan labari shi ne farkon a wajen al'adar dime novel da ya fito da ɗan saniya a matsayin babban jigo. 

Waɗannan za su zama littattafan Curtis guda biyu kawai. Ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren labari mai suna "A cikin Duhun Wata" a cikin fitowa ta musamman na Mujallar Ƙarni mai bikin mawallafin Yammacin Yamma,  da kuma kasidu masu yawa a cikin mujallu da jaridu.  A cikin waƙarta, Curtis ta binciko batutuwan da suka shafi zaɓen mata da na duniya, gami da munafuncin da ta fahimta a cikin adawar baƙar fata namiji mai adawa da zaɓen mata. 

 Gudanar da ilimi 
Curtis yayi aiki a Hukumar Kula da Makarantun Masana'antu na Jiha don Boys, wurin gyaran yara da ke cikin gundumar Jefferson, Colorado, daga 1893 zuwa 1896. Jihar ce ta kafa makarantar a cikin 1881, kuma ta yi aiki don koyar da sana'o'in masana'antu kamar noma, ginin gine-gine, ƙwararru, da buga littattafai ga yara maza masu shekaru 7-16 waɗanda aka samu da laifi.  A matsayinsa na memba na hukumar, Curtis ya rattaba hannu kan rahotanni na shekara-shekara na makarantar, wanda yayi cikakken bayanin yadda aka yi amfani da kudaden da aka ware da kuma buƙatun ƙarin kuɗi don ingantawa. 

 Populism da zaɓe 
Curtis ya kasance memba mai ƙwazo a cikin jam'iyyar People's Party kuma ƙwararren ɗan ƙwadago wanda ya jaddada mahimmancin ƙoƙarin 'yan ƙungiyar mata wajen yin kaɗa ƙuri'a.  Ta buga jarida, The Royal Gorge, don inganta zaɓen mata.  Ta halarci taron Populist a 1891 a Cincinnati da 1892 a St. Louis da Omaha a matsayin wakili. A babban taron Omaha, Curtis da sauran masu fafutuka sun yi nasarar sanya zaben mata ya zama wani bangare na tsarin jam’iyyar   da kuma samun karin mata da aka zaba a matsayin wakilan jam’iyya.  Curtis ya taka rawa sosai a yakin neman zaben mata a Colorado; "Page:Woman's who's who of America, 1914-15.djvu/211 – Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2019-04-06. a cikin 1893, jihar ta zama ta farko da ta baiwa mata 'yancin kada kuri'a ta hanyar kuri'ar raba gardama . Curtis ya tsaya takarar sanata na jihar Colorado a 1894,  kuma a cikin 1898 an zabe ta a matsayin wanda aka zaba na Jam'iyyar Jama'a don Sufurtandanda na Koyarwar Jama'a na Colorado. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Emma Ghent Curtis ta mutu a Cañon City, Colorado, a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1918. 

A cikin karni na 21, malaman almara na yammacin Turai sun amince da Curtis a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada na rubutun mata na yammacin Turai. Victoria Lamont ta yi jayayya cewa littafin kaboyi, wanda a baya tunanin ya fara da Owen Wister 's The Virginian, a gaskiya ya fara da Curtis's The Administratrix, wanda aka buga fiye da shekaru 10 a baya.

 Manazarta