Kalliroi Parren

Kalliroi Parren (Girka: ; 1861 - Janairu 15, 1940) ta kaddamar da ƙungiyar mata a Girka kuma ta kasance 'yar jarida kuma marubuciya a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haife ta ne a Rethymno, tsibirin Karita, ga dangin matsakaicin matsayi, Kalliroi Parren ta sami karatun firamare a makarantar nun a Piraeus . [1] Bayan kammala ta yi karatu a makarantar mafi kyau ga 'yan mata a Athens kuma a 1878 ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Arsakeion don horar da malamai.[2] Tana da basira sosai kuma ta san harsuna da yawa ciki har da Rasha, Faransanci, Italiyanci, da Ingilishi.[3] An gayyace ta zuwa Odessa inda ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu tana gudanar da makarantar al'ummar Girka don 'yan mata.[2] Ta kuma tafi Adrianople na shekaru da yawa don gudanar da Makarantar Zapeion don al'ummar Girka.[2] Daga bisani ta zauna a Athens tare da mijinta, wani ɗan jaridar Faransa mai suna Jean Parren, wanda ya kafa kamfanin dillancin labarai na Faransa a Constantinople .[3]

 Jaridar Mata 
Daga Athens ta kaddamar da yunkurin mata a Girka tare da kafa jarida, Ephemeris ton kyrion (Ladies' Journal), a cikin 1887.  Wannan littafi ne wanda mata ke gudanarwa gaba ɗaya kuma ya bayyana da farko a matsayin 8 pg. mako-mako har zuwa 1908 lokacin da ya canza zuwa wata-wata wanda ya gudana har zuwa farkon 1916. Tana da hanyar sadarwa tare da mutanen da suka ba ta damar shawo kan dukkan shahararrun mata marubuta na lokacinta don ba da gudummawa ga takarda koda kuwa waɗancan marubutan sun yi tunanin cewa su kansu masu goyon bayan mata ne. Jaridar ta daina gudana a shekarar 1917 lokacin da gwamnatin Eleftherios Venizelos ta tura Parren gudun hijira zuwa tsibirin Hydra saboda ta goyi bayan mulkin mallaka kuma saboda ta yi adawa da shigar Girka a Yaƙin Duniya na I gefen Entente . 

 Shirye-shiryen 
Yayinda take Athens ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar mata ta Turai da Amurka kuma ta wakilci jaridar don taron duniya da aka gudanar a Paris a cikin shekarun 1888, 1889, 1896, 1900 da kuma 1893 lokacin da aka gudanar da shi a Chicago. Kodayake Parren ta yi yaƙi don haƙƙin mata galibi ta mai da hankali kan damar ilimi da aiki ba tare da izinin mata ba. Ta yi haka ne don dalilai na dabarun. Ba ta so ta tura sosai kuma ta sami komai amma ta gina tushe mai ƙarfi don a karɓi sauƙin yarda da zaɓen mata na rana ɗaya. A shekara ta 1908, godiya ga kokarin da ta yi, an kafa Ethniko Symvoulio ton Ellinidon (National Council of Greek Women). Tana da alaƙa da Majalisar Mata ta Duniya . 

Tsakanin shekarun 1890 da 1896 ta kafa kungiyoyi daban-daban na jin dadin mata kamar Makarantar Lahadi, Asylum of Sainte Catherine da The Soup Kitchen .  A cikin 1900 ta sami damar samun kariya ta jihar kan yara da yanayin aiki na mata ta hanyar roko ga Ministan Theodoros Deligiannis . 

Wani rahoto game da 'yancin mata a karni na sha tara na Girka ya yi iƙirarin cewa yayin da Helenawa suka bi kishin ƙasa, an ba mata matsayi na wayewa, Hellenism. An yaba wa Parren da fadada wannan rawar ga mata ta hanyar kiran su, ta hanyar takarda, don su kasance masu aiki sosai dangane da kishin kasa.

A shekara ta 1894 Parren ta kafa kungiyar Union for the Emancipation of Women . A shekara ta 1896, ta kafa kungiyar mata ta Girka . Ƙungiyar ta shiga cikin tattara kuɗi, sutura tufafi ga sojoji, da kuma horar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don, ɗan gajeren lokaci, Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya na 1897.  Sauran nasarorin da ta samu sun hada da: kafa Lyceum Club of Greek Women a 1911, don yaki da nau'ikan rashin adalci a cikin al'ummar Girka, da kuma samun nasarar shigar da mata a Jami'ar Athens. Parren ya kuma rubuta Tarihin Mata na Girka daga 1650 zuwa 1860 (a Girkanci). 

Parren na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Little Entente of Women, wanda aka kirkira a 1923 don haɗa mata a duk faɗin yankin Balkan. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Babi na Girka na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci a lokacin yakin basasa. 

 Salon wallafe-wallafen 
Baya ga duk waɗannan shirye-shiryen ta kuma gudanar da Salon wallafe-wallafen da aka sani da "Asabar wallafe-walfe".  Ta kasance abokiyar Juliette Adam, Gavriilidis, Jules Simon, Xenopoulos da mawaki Kostis Palamas. Har ma Palamas ta rubuta wani sanannen waka game da ita. Ta kasance abokiyar kirki tare da mata da maza a cikin ɗakunan wallafe-wallafen ta amma idan ta taɓa jin cewa wani ya yi barazanar abubuwan mata to za ta kai farmaki da tsoro. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misali ya faru da Roldis, mahaifin sukar wallafe-wallafen Girka, wanda ya haifar da sanannen "querelae akan mata marubuta" a cikin 1893.  Tattaunawar ta ciyar da manema labarai na Athens na tsawon watanni.

 Littattafai 
Baya ga buga jaridarta da gudanar da salon ta kuma samar da wasu litattafai. An fara buga su a cikin jaridar mata a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Maia .  Amsar da aka yi musu daga masu sauraron mata ta kasance mai matukar farin ciki. An buga litattafanta na farko a cikin kundi uku na gaba: I Hirafetimeni (1900; The Emancipated Woman), I Mayissa (1901; The Enchantress) da Ga Neon Symvoleon (1902; The New Contract).  Tare waɗannan littattafan sun samar da jerin littattafai guda uku da ake kira Ta Vivlia tis Avyis (Littattafan Dawn) kuma suna game da gwagwarmayar matan Girka don cika kansu da kuma 'yanci. An karɓi trilogy ɗin da kyau kuma masu sukar Grigorios Xenopoulos da Kostis Palamas sun yi magana game da shi a matsayin bayar da gudummawa mai karimci ga ci gaban littafin zamantakewar Girka. A cikin 1907 wannan saga ya kai sabon matakin shahara lokacin da aka daidaita shi cikin wasan da ake kira Nea Yineka (Sabon Mace) wanda ya fito da Marika Kotopouli wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na karni na 20.  Baya ga wannan sanannen trilogy Parren ya kuma buga Ga Maramenon Krinon (The Faded Lily) da Horis Onoma (Ba tare da Sunan ba), wanda abin takaici ya ɓace tun lokacin da aka kirkiresu.

 Mutuwa 

 Dubi kuma 

 Mata a Girka
 Soteria Aliberty

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1861
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1940
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba