Harshen Mian

Mian yare ne na Ok da ake magana a Gundumar Telefomin na Lardin Sandaun a Papua New Guinea da Mutanen Mian. Yana da wasu masu magana dubu ukku da dari biyar 3,500 da suka bazu a cikin yaruka biyu: Yammacin Mian (a.k.a. Suganga), tare da kimanin masu magana har dubu daya  1,000 a kusa da Yapsiei, da Gabashin Mian, tare da kimanin dubu biyu da dari biyar 2,500 masu magana a ciki da kewayen Timeilmin, Temsakmin, Sokamin, Gubil, Fiak da Hotmin.

 Fasahar sauti 
A fannin sauti, Mian yayi kama da sauran Harsunan Papua a cikin girman kayan sautin sa, to amma duk da haka yana da wasu halaye, kamar bambancin da ke tsakanin fili [a] da pharyngealized [a]. Har ila yau kuma harshe ne na sauti.

 Sautin sautin 
Harshen Mian yana da wasula shida, gami da wasula na gaba mai buɗewa.
+Sautin MianA gabaKomawaBa a kewaye shi baGidan da aka yiKusai u Tsakanin Tsakiyako Bude-tsakiyada Budezuwa aa-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/a/"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwYQ" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/a/ /a/
Mian kuma yana da maganganu huɗu:
+Hanyoyin magana na MianƘarshen da Ƙarshen da ai zuwa ei ko 
/ɛ/ an gane shi azaman [ə] a cikin sautin sautin saut na farko, [ɛ] a wasu wurare.

/a/ an gane shi azaman [ɐ] a cikin kalmomin da ba a haɗa su ba, [ə] a cikin kalmomi na farko da ke da sautin sautin saurin sautin saut wanda ya fara da ma'anar, [a] a wasu wurare.

/o/ an gane shi azaman [ɔ] a cikin sautin sautin saut na farko da kuma a cikin sautunan da suka ƙare a cikin murya mara murya ko [ŋ], [o] a wasu wurare.

/u/ an gane shi azaman [ʊ] a cikin sautin sautin saut na farko, [u] a wasu wurare.

 Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi 
Harshen Mian yana da ƙwayoyi 16:
+Hanyoyin da ke cikin harshen MianLabariAlveolarPalatalVelarGishiriFilayenLabializedPlosiveRashin muryaYa kamat a yi amfani da shi⟨t⟩Sashen⟨k⟩Sunan da aka yi⟨kw⟩Maganab⟨b⟩An yi amfani d shi⟨d⟩An yi amfani da shi⟨g⟩An yi amfani da shi⟨gw⟩HanciYa kam a yi amfani da shi⟨m⟩Ya kasan a cikin⟨n⟩Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi⟨ng⟩FricativeSanya⟨f⟩s da aka yi⟨s⟩Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi⟨h⟩KusanciSanya⟨l⟩Ya zama haka⟨y⟩w w w watau⟨w⟩
 an gane shi azaman  kalma-da farko,  ko [a ƙarshe] syllable-a ƙarshe, [b] a wasu wurare.

 Misalan: banǒn [mbànǒn] ƙananan hannu, mǎab [mǎab] frog, teběl [thɛbɛ̌l] anttururuwa

/t/ an gane shi a matsayin  kafin wasula,  ko  syllable-a ƙarshe.

 Misalan: Haikali [tam], mat [mát] gall bladderhanji

/k/ ana gane shi a matsayin  kafin wasula,  ko  syllable-a ƙarshe, wani lokacin [x] tsakanin wasula, kafin ].

 Misalan: kemin [khèmìn] Kawa yin, manggěk [maŋɡang] bee, Ok [òxòḱ] aiki, kaawá [qhàwá] ƙarfe axisƘarfin ƙarfe

/ɡ/ an gane shi azaman [ŋɡ] kalma-da farko, [ɡ] a wasu wurare.

 Misalan: gát [ŋɡát] mole, manggěk [màŋɡɛ̌k] beeƙudan zuma

/ɡw/ an gane shi azaman [ŋɡw] kalma-da farko, [ɡw] a wasu wurare.

 Misalan: Gwan [ŋɡwàán] gizo-gizo, gwalgwal [ŋɡ wàlɡwàl] tagwaye

 Sauti 
Mian yana da nau'o'i biyar:
+Sautin MianSautiMisaliƘanananne gida [Am]BabbaBa harbi bakibiyoyiƘananan-HighDhiha Nau'in PandanusƘananan ƘanananHâs [hâs] hatƘananan-High-Lowaam 'yar'uwa'Yar'uwa babba
Sautunan Mian suna da rikitarwa sosai, saboda suna ƙarƙashin matakai daban-daban na sauti, kuma ƙari, ana iya amfani da su don nuna fannoni daban-daban, musamman dangane da aikatau, inda sautunan suke da mahimmanci don fahimta.

Ka yi la'akari da nau'ikan aikatau guda biyu da ke ƙasa, kasancewar ba na yau da kullun ba ne kuma ba cikakke ba ne bi da bi:

 dolâbībe [dolábíbè] Na rubuta
 dolâbibe [dòlábìbè] Ina rubutu

 Sunaye 
Manyan abubuwa a cikin Mian mata ne, yayin da ƙananan abubuwa maza ne.


 Manazarta 

 Ƙarin karantawa 


 Albarkatun dijital 


Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba