María Álvarez de Guillén

María Álvarez de Guillén (1889-1980), sunan alkalami Amari Zalvera, [ Bayanan kula 1 ] yar kasuwa ce ta Salvadoriya, marubuci kuma mai fafutukar yancin mata. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan Salvadoran na farko da suka buga labari kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin wakilai na farko da suka yi aiki a Hukumar Mata ta Inter-American .

 Rayuwar farko 
Iyayenta sun ƙaura zuwa El Salvador don su haɗu da kawunta Emilio da danginsa don kafa kasuwancin kofi. Sun isa ranar 5 ga Yuni 1889 kuma da farko dangin sun zauna a San Salvador tare da Emilio da danginsa, amma ba da daɗewa ba suka ƙaura mil goma zuwa Quezaltepeque zuwa gonar kofi na Colombia .  Rafael, wanda ya kasance mai shago a Kolombiya,  ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan gonakin Emilio Colombia da Santa Isabel kuma nan da nan ya buɗe na'ura mai sarrafa ruwa ta farko a El Salvador. 

An haifi María Álvarez Ángel 24 ga Agusta 1889 [ Bayanan kula 2 ] a El Salvador ga Julia Ángel Macias da Rafael Álvarez Lalinde .   Lokacin da Álvarez yana ɗan shekara takwas, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Santa Ana, inda ta halarci Colegio de la Asuncion .   Mahaifinta ya ci gaba da kula da gonakin dan uwansa kuma ya fara siyan kadarorinsa don noman kofi shima.   Bayan kammala karatun, ta auri Dr. Joaquin Guillén Rivas a 1914. 

 Sana'a 
A cikin shekaru da yawa na gaba, Álvarez, wadda za ta ci gaba da yin aikin noman kofi na iyalinta, ta haifi ’ya’ya biyar. Bayan renon 'ya'yanta, ta kasance mai aiki a cikin shirye-shirye na sadaka da zamantakewa,   da kuma yunkurin neman zabe.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takarar da suka sami haƙƙin haƙƙin mallakar mata,  wanda aka sanya shi a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin da Tarayyar Amurka ta Tsakiya ta haɓaka. Amma lokacin da Jamhuriyyar ta rabu a cikin 1922,   ta kafa Sociedad Confraternidad de Señoras de la República de El Salvador (Confraternal Society of Women of the Republic of El Salvador) kuma ta jagoranci yakin neman zabe da 'yancin mata na kasa a El Salvador.  Buga labaran kan jindadin jama'a da al'amuran siyasa, Álvarez ta buga aikin adabin ta na farko a shekara ta 1926. Littafinta, La Hija de Casa (Yarinyar Gidan) ta sami lambar yabo ta biyu a gasar adabi ta kasa Queremos   kuma ita ce littafi na farko da wata mata ta buga a El Salvador.  

A cikin 1928, { ungiyar {asashen Amirka ta {asar Amirka, ta kirkiro Hukumar Mata ta {asashen Amirka ( Spanish   ) don yin bitar bayanai da shirya bayanai kwatanta daidaito tsakanin mata da na siyasa a yankin.  Wakilan farko zuwa CIM, wanda aka zaba ta kuri'a, sun hada da Álvarez, tare da kujera Doris Stevens (Amurka), Ernestina A. López de Nelson (Argentina), María Elena de Hinestrosa (Colombia), Alice Téligny Mathon (Haiti), Clara González (Panama), da LucilaVérezelaz (Pérezelaz ) (Pérezelaz).  Ba wai kawai Álvarez ta yi aikin tattara bayanan ba, a cikin tsawon shekaru goma da ta yi hidima a CIM, ta sha yin kira ga gwamnatin El Salvador da ta yi gyara ga kundin tsarin mulki don kare ƴan ƙasan mata, ta yadda idan aka yi aure ba za su rasa asalin ƙasarsu ba, kuma su sami daidaiton yancin ɗan adam ga maza.  

A cikin aikinta, Álvarez ya ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, da kuma wani rubutun da ba a buga ba wanda aka kammala ta 1929.  Littafinta na biyu da aka buga, Sobre el puente (Over the Bridge, 1947) ya sanya labarin soyayya a cikin tarihin dangantakar Panama da Colombia da Amurka.   Ta ci gaba da yin aiki a samar da kofi kuma a cikin shekarunta na baya ta buga littafin wakoki El pregón del café (Shelar Coffee).   Ta yi ritaya daga gona a shekara ta 1965, inda ta bar wa 'yarta samarwa kuma yayin da ta tsufa, Álvarez ta rasa ganinta. 

 Mutuwa da gado 
Alvarez ya mutu a shekara ta 1980 kuma an binne shi a  a cikin mausoleum na iyali. Wasiƙunta zuwa Doris Stevens, a lokacin hidimarta a kan CIM, suna cikin ɗakin karatu na Schlesinger a Jami'ar Harvard a Cambridge, Massachusetts.  'Yarta, María "Marta" (an haifi 1915) ta zama sanannen mawaƙin opera. 

 Ayyukan da aka zaɓa 






 Bayanan kula 

 Manazarta 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba