Shidzue Katō

Shidzue Katō (加藤 シヅエ, Katō Shizue, an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1897 – ta rasu a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 2001), wacce kuma aka san ta da sunan Shidzue Ishimoto, ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar gwagwarmayar mata a ƙarni na 20 daga Japan kuma ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Japan. Ta fi shahara a matsayin majagaba a fafutukar shiryawa iyali da hana haihuwa. A Amurka, ana kiranta da "Margaret Sanger na Japan".

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Shidzue Katō a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1897, a Japan zuwa ga dangin hamshakan attajirai. Mahaifinta,  injiniya ne mai nasara wanda ya sami ilimi da horo a Jami'ar Imperial ta Tokyo . Mahaifiyarta, Tsurumi Toshiko, ta fito daga fitaccen iyali kuma mai ilimi sosai.  Hirota ya yi tafiya akai-akai zuwa Yamma don aiki, kuma saboda wannan Katō da danginta sun girma da masaniya da abubuwan yamma  A lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, Katō ya auri Baron Keikichi Ishimoto (石本恵吉), Kirista ɗan adam mai sha'awar gyare-gyaren zamantakewa.  Shi ɗan Ishimoto Shinroku ne.

 Matsa zuwa Amurka 
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan aurensu, Kato (sai Ishimoto) da mijinta suka ƙaura zuwa filin kwal na Miike a Kyūshū . Shekaru uku, sun ga mugayen yanayin da maza da mata da ke wurin suke aiki a ƙarƙashinsa. Wannan abin da ya faru ya haifar da Kato da mijinta suna fama da rashin lafiya, wanda ya sa ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa Amurka a 1919. Blacker, Carmen (1 February 2002). "Shizue Kato". The Guardian. A cikin Amurka, Baron Ishimoto ya fara nisa daga kiristancin ɗan adam zuwa wani matsayi mai tsaurin ra'ayi na Kwaminisanci.  Kato ta fara rayuwa mai cin gashin kanta yayin da mijinta ya tafi Washington, DC, don zama mai ba da shawara da fassara ga tawagar Japan zuwa taron Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya. Tipton, Elise (1997). "Ishimoto Shizue: The Margaret Sanger of Japan". Women's History Review. 6 (3): 337–355. doi:10.1080/09612029700200151. A wannan lokacin, Katō ya zauna a wani gida mai zaman kansa kuma ya yi rajista a cikin sakatariya da darussan Ingilishi.  A wannan lokacin ne Kato ta fara cudanya da abokan gurguzu na mijinta, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ta ga saduwa da Margaret Sanger . Wannan ganawa da Sanger ne ya zaburar da shawarar Katō ta kafa ƙungiyar hana haihuwa a lokacin da ta koma Japan. 

 Komawa Japan da fafutuka 
A lokacin da ta koma Japan a 1921, Kato ya ci gaba da ƙoƙari don samun 'yancin kai na tattalin arziki, kuma ta fara aikinta na yada ilimin hana haihuwa. Ta sami aiki a matsayin sakatare mai zaman kansa na YWCA, wanda da farko ya ƙunshi gabatar da baƙi na yammacin al'adu da mutanen Japan. [1] Ta kuma bude wani shagon zare mai suna Shagon Minerva Yarn Store, inda take sayar da kayayyakin ulu da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje. [1]

A wannan lokacin Kato ta buga rubuce-rubuce da yawa don tallafawa sauƙin samun damar haihuwa ga mata. Ta ce mata za su iya magance matsalar yawan jama'a a Japan. Ta yi imanin cewa ba wa mata ikon haifuwarsu zai ba wa mata damar samun 'yancin kai, tare da ba da damar a sami wani batu na jama'a wanda mata suka dauki nauyin jagoranci. Tipton, Elise (1997). "Ishimoto Shizue: The Margaret Sanger of Japan". Women's History Review. 6 (3): 337–355. doi:10.1080/09612029700200151. Wani bangare na hujjarta shi ne cewa hana haihuwa zai taimaka wa mutanen Japan wajen renon yara nagari. Ta yi tunanin cewa ta hanyar samun ƙananan yara, mata za su iya samar da ingantaccen ilimi da tattalin arziki ga yaran da suke da su. 

A daidai wannan lokacin ne Kato ta sadu da Kanjū Kato, wanda daga baya zai zama mijinta na biyu. Sun haɗu a shekara ta 1923, sa’ad da Kanjū Kato, wata mai shirya ƙwadago, ta shirya mata ta yi magana da masu hakar ma’adinai a ma’adinan tagulla na Ashio. Tipton, Elise (1997). "Ishimoto Shizue: The Margaret Sanger of Japan". Women's History Review. 6 (3): 337–355. doi:10.1080/09612029700200151. Daga baya aka sake ta daga mijinta na farko, Baron Ishimoto, kuma ta auri Kato a 1944. 

Dangane da "tasiri da mutunta eugenics" a farkon kashi na karni na ashirin, Katō Shidzue ma ya goyi bayan eugenics, yana imani cewa yaran da aka haifa ga iyaye biyu masu lafiya za su fi 'ya'yan da aka haifa ga iyaye marasa lafiya ko marasa ƙarfi. Tipton, Elise (1997). "Ishimoto Shizue: The Margaret Sanger of Japan". Women's History Review. 6 (3): 337–355. doi:10.1080/09612029700200151.

Gwamnatin Jafananci ta hannun dama ta kama Katō a shekara ta 1937 don inganta "tunani masu haɗari," musamman shawararta na hana haihuwa da 'yancin zubar da ciki, kuma ta shafe makonni biyu a kurkuku. Tipton, Elise (1997). "Ishimoto Shizue: The Margaret Sanger of Japan". Women's History Review. 6 (3): 337–355. doi:10.1080/09612029700200151. Wannan ya kawo karshen yunkurin hana haihuwa a Japan na dan lokaci har zuwa bayan yakin duniya na biyu. 

 Abincin Japan (1946-1974) 
Katō ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara yakin neman ofis a Japan, tana yakin neman zabe a karkashin tsarin gurguzu tare da jaddada dimokuradiyya irin ta Amurka.  A cikin 1946, an zaɓi Shidzue Katō a cikin Diet na Japan, majalisar dokoki ta Japan. Dandalin yakin neman zabenta ya dogara ne akan tsarin iyali da inganta tattalin arzikin mata.  A cikin 1946 ta rubuta game da alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin hana haihuwa da dimokuradiyyar Japan:Haihuwa da yawa, da barin mutane da yawa su mutu — maimaita irin wannan salon rayuwa na rashin hikima ga matan Japan zai haifar da gajiyar jikin mahaifiyar, da kuma lalacewar tunani da asarar dukiya ga dangi. ... Idan ba a sami 'yanci da inganta mata ba, ba zai yuwu a gina dimokuradiyya a Japan ba. Ko da yake Katō da farko ta kasance mai bege ga rawar da mata ke takawa a siyasance, ba da daɗewa ba aka ware ta a yawancin abinci na maza. Duk da haka, ta nemi wasu hanyoyin da za ta bi wajen ganin ta cimma sauye-sauyen siyasarta. A shekara ta 1946 ta taka rawar gani wajen shirya gangamin “mata kawai” na farko a Tokyo. Wannan zanga-zangar ta nuna rashin amincewa da samar da karin albarkatun tattalin arziki ga mata. Gelb, Joyce (1997). "Review of A "New Woman" of Japan: A Political Biography of Kato Shidzue". The Journal of Asian Studies. 56 (1): 208–209. doi:10.2307/2646389. JSTOR 2646389.

Daga baya an zabi Kato zuwa wa’adi hudu na shekaru shida a Majalisar Dattawa. Ta ci gaba da bayar da shawarwarin kawo sauyi da ya shafi 'yancin mata da tsarin iyali. Katō ya yi nasara da dalilai da yawa a wannan lokacin, ciki har da dokar hana haihuwa, soke tsarin iyali na feudal, kafa Ofishin Mata da Ƙananan Ƙananan Ma'aikata na Ma'aikata, da batutuwan muhalli. Gelb, Joyce (1997). "Review of A "New Woman" of Japan: A Political Biography of Kato Shidzue". The Journal of Asian Studies. 56 (1): 208–209. doi:10.2307/2646389. JSTOR 2646389. An kuma taimaka mata wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Tsarin Iyali ta Japan, wanda ke aiki don cimma "al'ummar da kowa a cikin ƙasar zai iya samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar haihuwa na son rai". 

Ko bayan Kato ta yi ritaya daga siyasa, ta ci gaba da fafutukar ta na siyasa. Ta ci gaba da gabatar da lacca kan batutuwan mata, da kuma ci gaba da shugabancin kungiyar Tsare-tsaren Iyali ta Japan. 

A cikin 1988, Kato ya sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya .

A cikin 1996, Dr. Attiya Inayatullah ta kafa kyautar Katō Shidzue don tunawa da aikinta. Kyautar Katō Shizue " tana nufin ƙungiyoyin mata, ƙungiyoyin mata da / ko mata waɗanda ke da himma a cikin motsi don inganta lafiyar jima'i da haifuwa / haƙƙin mata da kuma ƙarfafa mata (watau zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, siyasa da ƙarfafa doka) a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da / ko a Japan."

 Mutuwa da gado 
Kato ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 2001, yana da shekaru 104. A cikin lissafin yanar gizo na International Internationa na Internationa na Internationa na International Paretionarar da ya shirya cewa kokarin da ta yiwa 'ya'yansu na kasar Japanese "Kato, Shidzue 1897-2001 - Dictionary definition of Kato, Shidzue 1897-2001 | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2018-02-15.

 Ayyuka 

 Fuskantar Hanyoyi Biyu: Labarin Rayuwata , wanda Farrar da Rinehard (New York, NY), suka buga, 1935. An gyara sigar yara mai suna East Way, West Way: A Modern Girlhood, wanda Fuji Nakamizo ya kwatanta, Farrar da Rinehard (New York, NY), ne suka buga a 1936.
 Hanyar Madaidaiciya, 1956.
 Kato Shizue Hyakusai, c. 1997. "Kato, Shidzue 1897-2001 - Dictionary definition of Kato, Shidzue 1897-2001 | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2018-02-15.

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 

  - Discusses Katō's role in a dispute between the ambassador and Sanger


Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba