Jamhuriyar Sabuwar Afrika

Jamhuriyyar Sabuwar Afrika (RNA), wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1968 a matsayin Jamhuriyar Sabuwar Afirka, ƙungiyar baƙaƙen fata ce ta ƴan kishin ƙasa  kuma ƙungiyar 'yan awaren baƙaƙen fata a Amurka wacce kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga baƙaƙen fata suka shahara acikin ta. Babban motsi na kungiyar Sabuwar Afrika musamman yana da manufofi guda uku:

 Ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta ta bakaken fata da ke kudu maso gabashin Amurka, a tsakiyar yanki na mafi yawan baƙaƙe.
 Biyan da gwamnatin tarayya ta biya na dala biliyan da dama a matsayin diyya ga ’ya’yan Afrikawa ma zauna amurka saboda irin biarnar da aka yi wa ’yan Afirka da zuriyarsu ta hanyar bautar da jama’a, dokokin Jim Crow, da kuma salon wariyar launin fata na zamani.
 Ƙuri'ar raba gardama na dukkan Afirkawa mazauna don tantance sha'awarsu ta zama ɗan ƙasa; Shugabannin ƙungiyoyi sun ce ba a ba wa kakanninsu damar zaɓe ba a cikin wannan al'amari bayan samun 'yanci a shekarar 1865 bayan yakin basasar Amurka.

 Tarihi 
Tunanin RNA ya taso ne bayan abubuwan da suka faru na tarzomar Detroit ta 1967.  : 276 Ita ce ƙasa ta farko da 'yan asalin Afirka suka ayyana a Amurka.  : 276 

Malcolm X Society  ne ya fara ƙaddamar da hangen nesa ga wannan ƙasa a ranar 31 ga watan Maris, 1968, a taron Baƙaƙen fata da aka gudanar a Detroit, Michigan. Mahalarta taron sun tsara kundin tsarin mulki da ayyana 'yancin kai,  kuma sun gano jihohi biyar na Kudancin Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Jojiya da South Carolina (tare da yankunan da ke gaba a Gabashin Texas da Arewacin Florida) a matsayin yanki na ƙasa. 

Ƙungiyar Malcolm X Society da Group on Advanced Leadership (GOAL) ne suka kira taron Baƙar fata, ƙungiyoyin baƙar fata guda biyu masu tasiri na Detroit tare da masu bin diddigi. Mahalarta taron sun ba da sanarwar 'yancin kai, tsarin mulki, da tsarin gwamnatin wucin gadi.  : 276 

RNA ta zaɓi shugabannin baƙaƙen fata daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a matsayin jami'an gwamnati na wucin gadi.  : 276 An zaɓi Robert F. Williams, wanda a lokacin yana gudun hijira a ƙasar Sin, a matsayin shugaban farko na gwamnatin wucin gadi; lauya Milton Henry (ɗalibi na koyarwar Malcolm X) an naɗa shi mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na farko;  da Betty Shabazz, gwauruwa na Malcolm X, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa na biyu. Imari Obadele shine ministan yaɗa labarai na farko.  : 267 Tawagar RNA ta tafi ƙasar Sin don ganawa da Williams a watan Yunin 1968.  : 276 Williams ya karɓi wannan matsayi kuma ya ba da shawarar shirye-shiryen diflomasiyya don RNA ta aiwatar.  : 276 

Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar New Afrika (PG-RNA) ta ba da shawarar/ba da shawarar wani nau'i na tattalin arziki na haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar gina Sabbin Al'ummomi-mai suna bayan ra'ayin Ujamaa wanda shugaban Tanzaniya Julius Nyerere ya gabatar. Ta ba da shawarar kare kai daga tsagerun ta hanyar gina rundunonin jama'ar yankin da kuma wata runduna mai tsayi da za a kira ta Black Legion; da kuma gina ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu don fafutukar yancin cin gashin kai ga mutanen baƙaƙen fata na Afirka.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]

Ƙungiyar ta shiga cikin batutuwa masu yawa da suka haifar da cece-kuce. Alal misali, ta yi ƙoƙarin taimakawa yankin Oceanhill - Brownsville a Brooklyn don ballewa daga Amurka a lokacin rikicin 1968 kan kula da makarantun gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, an haɗa shi da harbe-harbe a New Bethel Baptist Church a shekarar 1969 (a lokacin bikin cika shekara ɗaya na kafuwar) da kuma wani a Jackson, Mississippi, a cikin shekarar 1971. (Ya sanar da cewa babban birnin Jamhuriyar zai kasance a gundumar Hinds, Mississippi, wanda ke kan gonar memba.) A cikin arangamar, an kashe jami'an tilasta bin doka da oda. An gurfanar da mambobin kungiyar bisa laifukan da mambobin suka yi ikirarin na kare kansu. 

 Manazarta