Mutanen Esopus

Esopus (es-SOAP-es)  wata kabila ce ta Lenape (Delaware) 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amerika waɗanda suka kasance' yan asalin Dutsen Catskill na abin da ke yanzu Kwarin Hudson. Yankunan su sun hada da yankunan Ulster da Sullivan na zamani.

Lenape da farko sun zauna a cikin kwarin Kogin Delaware kafin yankinsu ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu sassan New York na zamani (ciki har da Dutsen Catskill da Lower Hudson River Valley), Pennsylvania, New Jersey, da Gabashin Delaware. Ba a san ainihin yawan mutanen Lenape ba amma an kiyasta sun kasance kusan mutane 10,000 a cikin 1600. Mutanen Esopus suna magana da yaren Algonquin da aka sani da Munsee.

Ƙabilar gabaɗaya suna zaune a cikin ƙananan al'ummomi waɗanda suka ƙunshi mutane 10 zuwa 100. Sun yi tafiya a yanayi kuma sun zauna mafi yawa a cikin fili ta hanyar ruwa, suna haɓaka ayyukan noma daban-daban. Babban amfanin mutanen Esopus shine masara, amma kuma an shuka ko kuma an shuke wake, squash, hickory, kwayoyi, da 'ya'yan itace ban da farautar elk, deer, rabbits, turkey, raccoons, waterfowl, bears, da kifi. Yawanci suna cin abinci sau biyu a rana bisa ga abin da ke akwai a lokacin.

Matsakaicin rayuwar ya kasance yawan shekaru 35 zuwa 40. Sachems ko shugabannin sun kasance masu riƙe da iko na wucin gadi da ake nufi da yin yanke shawara bisa ga jin daɗin kabilar, kuma kodayake akwai takamaiman matsayi na jinsi a cikin al'ummar kabilanci, babu ma'anar tsarin shugabanci.

 Tarihi 

 Yaƙe-yaƙe na Esopus 
Na farko da aka yi imani da hulɗa tsakanin masu mulkin mallaka da mutanen Esopus an rubuta su a cikin 1609. Masanin tarihi Herbert C. Kraft ya yi imanin cewa wasu Esopus sun shiga tare da wasu mutanen Wappinger bayan Kieft's War a shekara ta 1643. 

A shekara ta 1652, kabilar Esopus ta sayar da kadada 72 na ƙasa ga masu mulkin mallaka na Turai ta hanyar takardar mallakar Thomas Chambers a Kingston, New York. Ba a san ko biyu Esopus sachems a lokacin ba, Kawachhikan da Sowappekat, sun fahimci ma'amala, kamar yadda ban da shingen harshe, al'adunsu suna da bambance-bambance na asali a fahimtar kuɗi, mallaka, da ma'amaloli na shari'a. Wannan aikin ya fara ƙarni na zubar da kaya wanda ya ci gaba ta hanyar Fisher / Rutgers Land Deed na 1899 da Peter Stuyvesant Stockade. 

Ƙabilar ta yi yaƙi da jerin rikice-rikice da mazauna daga mulkin mallaka na New Netherland daga Satumba shekara ta 1659 zuwa Satumba shekara ta 1663, wanda aka sani da Esopus Wars, a ciki da kewayen Kingston. A ƙarshen rikici, ƙabilar ta sayar da manyan yankuna ga 'yan gudun hijirar Huguenot na Faransa a New Paltz da sauran al'ummomi.

Yaƙe-yaƙe na Esopus sun lalata al'ummomin Lenape da yawa a cikin abin da ke yanzu Ulster County. Yawan jama'a ya ragu ta hanyar yaƙi tare da mazauna Dutch da Faransa, ban da yaduwar cututtuka, tare da kyanda shine mafi kisa. Yaƙin kabilanci ya kara yawan wadanda suka mutu.

 Mutanen Esopus a yau 
Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe na Esopus, yawancin Stockbridge-Munsee sun koma Yammacin New York kusa da Tafkin Oneida. Daga bisani an kore su daga waɗannan ƙasashe ta Yarjejeniyar Cire Indiya a cikin karni na 19, kuma daga ƙarshe an tilasta su zauna a "ƙasar da ba a karɓa ba" a Wisconsin a cikin shekarun 1830. 

A yau, zuriyar Esopus yanzu suna zaune a wurin ajiyar Stockbridge-Munsee Community a cikin Shawano County, Wisconsin kuma daga cikin Munsee-Delaware Nation na Ontario, Kanada. 

 Dubi kuma 

 Yaƙe-yaƙe na Esopus

 manazarta 

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