Elfreda Reyes

Elfreda Reyes (1901 – 1992) ta kasance mai shirya ƙwadago, ɗan takara, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata kuma mai fafutukar siyasa a lokacin gwagwarmayar Honduras ta Biritaniya ta neman ‘yancin kai daga Burtaniya. Ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar ma’aikatan da ba su da aikin yi, ta kuma yi yunkurin kawo sauye-sauyen ma’aikata, da suka hada da dokokin albashi da sa’o’i, da kuma kungiyar mata, wadda ta yi fafutuka don karfafa zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa ga mata.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Elfreda Stanford a cikin 1901 a Honduras na Burtaniya  zuwa Creole Bajan ɗan gudun hijira, George Stanford  da matarsa Louisa.  Lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, an zaba ta don bikin "Goma" na 1910, don ba da adireshin aminci na 'yan makaranta ga gwamna. A shekara ta 1919 tana aiki a matsayin gida ga ɗaya daga cikin dangin farar fata na Biritaniya a matsayin ma'aikaci mara ƙwarewa.  A cikin 1920s, Stanford ya auri Solomon Trapp. Tsakanin 1924 zuwa 1925, Trapp ya zama "sabuwar muryar siyasa" akan jinsi da aji.  Ita ce abin da aka sani a Belize a matsayin mace Bembe . Kalmar tana nufin da farko mata masu aiki, waɗanda "ba sa jin tsoron faɗa ko zagi...", amma waɗanda suka ƙi a ayyana su ta wurin masu ɗabi'a saboda suna ganin kansu a matsayin yaƙin da ya dace don neman 'yancinsu ko ƙasa.  Ta yi magana a taron kundin tsarin mulki na 1932,  inda ta bukaci hukumomi su kare muradun mata masu aiki,  amma ba ta matsa lamba ga kowa da kowa ba saboda rashin ilimi. Kusan lokaci guda, tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa masana'antar Ma'aikata marasa Aiki.  A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 1933, Independent ta ba da sanarwar mutuwar Solomon Trapp.  A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1934, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka jagoranci karbe babban ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa a Honduras na Burtaniya, BEC Sawmill. Da farko dai Tony Soberanis ne ke jagorantar kungiyar, amma a lokacin da mazan suka ja da baya, matan bakar fata sun jagoranci rigimar aiki tare da fatattakar maza farare ta hanyar amfani da sanduna, yayin da suke yin tsokaci kan rashin tsoro na shugabanninsu maza. 

A shekara ta 1935, Trapp da 'yan uwanta Virginia da Ianthe Stanford sun kasance mambobi ne na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata da Ƙwararru (LUA).  Matsayinta ya kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma Trapp yanzu yana goyon bayan cikakken zaɓe. Lokacin da LUA ta yi bikin cikarta ta farko a cikin Maris 1935 tare da sabbin zaɓe, waɗanda suka yi nasara sune Rosannah Branche, Sarah Johnson, Amybell Pratt (kujeru), Pearl Tennyson, Christobel Usher, da Trapp.  Matan LUA sun shirya Ƙungiyar Mata  a cikin 1935 tare da burin samar da dimokuradiyya ta ƙasa ba tare da matsayi na aji, jima'i, ko launin fata ba.  Koke-koken da suka aike wa gwamnati na neman a yi zabe sun hada da baki, Garifuna, mestizos da Mayas, kashi 98% na al’ummar kasar da ba sa samun dala $25.00 a kowane wata, da kuma duk mutanen da suka kai shekaru 21 zuwa sama.  A daidai wannan lokacin, Ma'aikatan jinya na Black Cross sun rabu tare da matan LUA akan layin aji, saboda ma'aikatan jinya ba su goyi bayan ba da izinin "jari'a masu ban sha'awa". 

A cikin 1940, a lokacin rani, an naɗa ƙungiyar mata daga unguwar Mesofotamiya na birnin Belize don su nemi Sakataren Mulkin Mallaka don bututun ruwa na birnin ya kasance a buɗe fiye da sa'a ɗaya na al'ada. Ba tare da samun amsa mai kyau ba, an gudanar da taron jama'a inda Trapp ita ce mace tilo mai magana kuma ta ba da shawarar hayar mata don tattara alamun ruwa don tsara layukan jira. Daga karshe dai ba a yi watsi da shawarar da ta ba ta ba, sannan kuma gwamnati ta kara ruwa.  A cikin 1940s, Trapp ya sake yin aure, ya zama Reyes.  A shekarun 1950, lokacin da jam'iyyar People's United Party (PUP) ta fara yunkurin neman 'yancin kai daga Biritaniya, mata matalauta sun yi ta tururuwa zuwa jam'iyyar saboda matasan shugabannin 'yan kishin kasa sun amince su amince da su a matsayin abokan kawance kuma babu wata jam'iyya da za ta amince da su.  Reyes ya kasance mai himma sosai a siyasance. A cikin 1951, lokacin da gwamna ya rusa majalisar birnin PUP mafi rinjaye don dakile manufofin kishin kasa, Reyes ya jagoranci zanga-zangar zuwa Gidan Gwamnati .  A lokacin yajin aikin gama-gari wanda ya gudana daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba 1952, Reyes ya rarraba kayayyaki ga masu yajin aikin da suka dakatar da aiki a gidan katako na BEC, otal din Fort George, Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a, bakin ruwa da kuma mika ga ma'aikatan titi daga Belize City zuwa gundumar Cayo .  A karshen yajin aikin, Reyes ya jagoranci wani taro inda mata masu aiki a cikin gida suka bukaci, kuma a karshe ya samu goyon bayan rubutaccen kwangiloli, mafi karancin albashi da kuma sa'o'i 48 na aiki a kowane mako.  A farkon 1953, Reyes da 'yar uwarta Virginia Stanford sun jagoranci yajin aiki na ma'aikatan gida  inda ta jagoranci ma'aikata 400 suna neman karin albashi.  A wannan shekarar, an zabe ta zuwa GWU's General and Executive Council. Majalisar mutum goma ta zabi mata hudu: Reyes, Hazel Gentle, Enid Panting, da Elsa Vasquez . 

A shekara ta 1956, an sami rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin jam'iyyar tare da zargin cin zarafi da aka yiwa Nicholas Pollard. Reyes na daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sanarwar da ke zargin Pollard da mika murabus din ta na PUP,  wanda daga baya ta yi iƙirarin saboda ta ji shugabancin George Cadle Price na PUP ya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da ƙwazo.  Ta shiga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Honduras ta Biritaniya (BHFW), waɗanda ke da farko masu gyara na tsakiya kuma yawanci ana ganin su sun yi daidai da ra'ayoyin marasa kishin ƙasa kuma ana aiwatar da muryarta da tsare-tsaren ayyukan a cikin tsarin mulkin mallaka.  A cikin 1956, Reyes yana shirya manufofin horarwa don BHFW don mutanen gida da ke son samun aiki a Kanada.  A shekara ta 1958, Reyes yana aiki a matsayin ma'ajin kungiyar.  A shekara ta 1962,  Reyes ya shiga Jam'iyyar Independence Party (NIP)  kuma an nada shi don yin aiki a sabon Kwamitin Ma'aikata na Cikin Gida.  A ƙarshen 1960s Reyes yana aiki don buɗe cibiyoyin kula da rana ga mata matalauta masu aiki. Ta ci gaba da aiki a siyasa ta hanyar samun 'yancin kai na Belize a 1981. 

Reyes ya mutu a cikin 1992 a Belize City, Belize. 

 Manazarta 

 Sources 



Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba