Nathaniel Fadipe

Nathaniel Akinremi Fadipe (2 Oktoba 1893 - 1944) ɗan Najeriya ne mai bincike kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin mallaka na Afirka. Bayan ya yi karatu a Najeriya, Birtaniya da Amurka, Fadipe ya koyar da ilimin tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Achimota a farkon shekarun 1930. Daga nan ya koma kasar Biritaniya, inda ya kammala digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin dan Adam a Makarantar Koyon Tattalin Arziki ta Landan, kan zamantakewar al'ummar Yarabawa, ya kuma shiga gwagwarmayar yaki da mulkin mallaka da mulkin mallaka.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Nathaniel Akinremi Fadipe ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1893 a Oko-Saje, Abeokuta, Najeriya.Sherwood, Marika (23 September 2004). "Fadipe, Nathaniel Akinremi (1893–1944), writer and anti-colonialist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67681. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Mahaifinsa, I. O. Fadipe, limamin cocin Baptist ne a aikin garin kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin mai cinikiRich, Jeremy (2012). "Fadipe, Nathaniel Akinremi". Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199857258.

Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Church Missionary Society (CMS) kuma ya sauke karatu a Makarantar Grammar CMS, Legas. Bayan karatunsa, ya zama magatakarda a mulkin mallaka na Najeriya kafin ya zama mataimaki na musamman ga manajan bankin Barclays da ke Legas.Adi, Hakim; Sherwood, Marika (16 December 2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787. Routledge. pp. 57–63. ISBN 978-1-134-68933-0.

Tafiya zuwa Amurka da Burtaniya

A shekarar 1925 ya koma kasar Biritaniya kasancewar babu wata cibiyar ilimi da ta wuce sakandare a Najeriya a lokacin. Lokacin da yake Landan ya yi karatu a Makarantar Koyon Tattalin Arziki ta London na tsawon shekaru hudu. Bayan haka, ya sami haɗin gwiwa don nazarin tarihi da duniya a Kwalejin Quaker Woodbrooke a Selly Oak, Birmingham, inda ya sami takardar shaidar difloma. Rubutun da ya rubuta yayin da yake karatu a kwalejin - wanda ya soki gwamnatocin farar fata masu rinjaye na Najeriya da Afirka ta Kudu saboda lalata al'ummar bakaken fata na kasashensu da hana su hakki na doka da damar da ake ba wa tsirarun fararen fata - an sake buga shi a cikin mujallar hukuma ta Woodbrooke a cikin 1930.

A cikin 1930, Phelps Stokes Fund (kungiyar ba da riba mai zaman kanta) ta ba Fadipe kuɗi don yin karatu a Amurka. Bayan ya koma Amurka, ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Hampton, jami’ar bakar fata da ake mutunta a tarihi, kafin ya ci gaba da karatun digirinsa na biyu a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a Jami’ar Columbia ta New York, inda ya zama marubuci dan Najeriya na farko da ya rubuta nazarin ilimi a wani birni na Najeriya a matsayin karatun digirinsa.

 Matsawa zuwa Afirka 
Da ya kammala karatunsa, Fadipe ya koyar da ilimin tattalin arziki daga 1931 a Kwalejin Achimota da ke yankin Gold Coast (Ghana ta yau). Wannan ya haifar da firgici da daraktocin Phelps Stokes Fund, wadanda suka dauka cewa Fadipe zai zagaya da wasu jami'o'i a Amurka, kuma asusun ya bukaci Fadipe ya mayar da kudin tallafinsa a wani bangare. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuɗin da ya karɓa ya kamata ya ƙunshi balaguron balaguron shekaru biyu na Amurka.

A matsayinsa na daya tilo mai koyarwa na Afirka a jami'ar Achimota a lokacin da yake wurin, Fadipe ya sha gwagwarmaya kuma sau da yawa yana jin kadaici a cikin aikinsa, inda ya yi matukar suka ga ayyukan tattalin arzikin kasar da gwamnatinta a lokacin babban mawuyacin hali. Nnamdi Azikiwe, wani dan jarida dan Najeriya wanda daga baya ya zama shugaban kasa na farko mai cin gashin kansa, daga baya ya ce Fadipe ya shiga "ta cikin jahannama" a cibiyar "duk saboda kishi na sana'a".

A cikin 1933, Fadipe ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai don ziyarci Czechoslovakia, tare da kudade daga Woodbrooke. A cikin 1934, Kwalejin Achimota ba ta sabunta kwantiragin Fadipe ba kuma an shafe duk tarihin aikinsa daga bayanan kwalejin.

 Komawa Biritaniya 
Fadipe ya koma Landan a ƙarshen shekarar ilimi ta 1933–1934 sannan ya shiga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London don yin karatun digiri na uku a fannin ilimin ɗan adam. A LSE, ya yi karatu a karkashin farfesa Bronisław Malinowski da Morris Ginsberg. Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Al'adun Afirka ta Duniya ta ba shi wani ɓangare don karatunsa, amma ya kasance cikin matsalolin kuɗi a lokacin da yake wurin. Kundin karatunsa na digirin digirgir Ilimin zamantakewa na Yarabawa shine binciken zamantakewa na farko da wani baƙar fata ɗan Afirka ya yi.[3] Duk da cewa an kammala shi a cikin 1939, kuma an yi amfani da shi shekaru da yawa bayan haka a matsayin ingantaccen tushe akan tarihin Najeriya na mulkin mallaka da al'adun Yarbawa, ba a buga shi ba har zuwa 1970.Smith, Judith Hoch (December 1973). "The Sociology of the Yoruba . N. A. Fadipe, Francis Olu Okediji, Oladejo O. Okediji". American Anthropologist. 75 (6): 1820–1821. doi:10.1525/aa.1973.75.6.02a00340. ISSN 0002-7294.

Fadipe ya shafe sauran rayuwarsa a London[5] kuma ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar adawa da mulkin mallaka da mulkin mallaka. Ya rubuta kuma yayi aiki tare da kungiyar daliban Afirka ta Yamma, kungiyar masu launin fata, tare da hada kai da bakaken fata irin su George Padmore da Jomo Kenyatta, kuma yana tuntubar Ralph Bunche da Nnamdi Azikiwe. Bugu da kari, ya kuma yi aiki tare da kungiyoyin fararen fata a Biritaniya, kamar Majalisar 'Yancin Jama'a ta kasa, da masu fafutuka farar fata irin su Norman Leys da Horace Alexander. Yawancin wadannan mutane 'yan Afirka ne, ko kuma suna da hannu a yunkurin zaman lafiya a lokacin.Matera, Marc (5 May 2015). Black London: The Imperial Metropolis and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century. University of California Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-520-28430-2. Fadipe ya kuma rubuta wa jaridu da dama inda ya yi Allah wadai da raunata martanin kasa da kasa game da mamayar Abyssinia (Habasha) a 1935, ya kuma rubuta wa mujallar Afirka ta Yamma.

Duk da haka yana fama da kuɗin kuɗinsa, Fadipe ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda, malamin harshen Yarbanci, kuma mai fassara.

 Mutuwa 
Fadipe ya rasu a shekara ta 1944 sakamakon zubar da jini a kwakwalwa yana da shekaru 51. An bayyana shi da cewa an kashe shi ta hanyar wuce gona da iri kuma watakila da takaici: dole ne ya hada da samun karancin rayuwa a wasu ayyuka masu karamin karfi tare da sadaukar da kai ga al'amuran Afirka.

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