Ella Negruzzi

Ella Negruzzi (1876–1948) lauya 'yar Romania ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, kuma lauya ce ta farko a Romania (1913). Ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyar mata don 'Yantar da Jama'a da Siyasa na Matan Romania (1917), Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Demokraɗiyya (1935) da Ƙungiyar Mata (1936).

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Ella Negruzzi a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1876 a Hermeziu, a cikin yankin Moldavia na kasar Romania da aka kafa kwanan nan.   Ko da yake ba a san asalin mahaifiyarta ba, ta girma a gidan manyan mutane. Mahaifinta shi ne marubuci Leon C. Negruzzi ; Kawunta, Iacob Negruzzi shi ma marubuci ne kuma sau biyu ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Romania ;  da kakanta Constantin Negruzzi a wani lokaci sun yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Iași . Dan uwanta, Mihai (ro), zai zama janar a cikin sojojin Romania.  Negruzzi ta halarci makarantar firamare a Iași kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta na sakandare a makarantar 'yan mata ta Externatul, (yanzu ana kiranta da Mihai Eminescu College).  

Mahaifin Negruzzi ya mutu lokacin da take matashiya kuma kawunta, Yacob ya dauki nauyin tabbatar da cewa ita da Mihai sun kammala karatunsu. Ta ci gaba da karatunta, a Jami'ar Iaşi, tana karanta tarihi, shari'a da falsafa. A shekara ta 1913, ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi ƙoƙarin yin rajistar jarrabawar mashaya a Iaşi. An yi watsi da bukatar a kan cewa ba a ba wa mata izinin shiga jama'a ba kuma an hana su musamman yin doka.  Negruzzi ya koma Galaţi don yin ƙoƙari na biyu. Ta sami goyon bayan Corneliu Botez, wani fitaccen lauya na cikin gida, amma kuma an ƙi.  A cikin 1917, ita da sauran mata, ciki har da Elena Meissner, sun gabatar da koke ga Majalisar Dattijai suna neman 'yancin ɗan adam da na siyasa ga mata, amma an ƙi. A shekara mai zuwa, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jama'a da Siyasa na Matan Romania ( Romanian   ). Dandalin kungiyar ta matsa lamba kan hakkin mata su shiga cikin kungiyoyin farar hula, gami da samun ilimi, aiki, da siyasa .  A cikin 1919, ta yi ƙoƙari na uku na yin jarrabawar mashaya, inda ta nemi a gundumar Ilfov a Bucharest kuma a ƙarshe an ba ta damar yin jarrabawar. Shekaru shida bayan yunƙurin ta na farko, a cikin 1920, Negruzzi ta zama mace ta farko da aka ba da izinin yin aikin doka a Romania.  

 Sana'a 
Bayan samun takardun shaidarta, Negruzzi ta fara aikin lauya a Galaţi kuma daga baya ta koma Bucharest.  Ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na mata, kuma a cikin lokacin tsaka-tsakin, ita da Meissner sune manyan shugabannin AECPFR.  Ta zama gwarzuwar marubuci, inda ta tabo batutuwan da suka takaita shigar mata, kamar yadda suke da karancin damar samun aikin yi da kuma takurawa da ya sa aka fi korarsu daga aiki, idan sun yi aiki mai inganci. Ta yi aiki don kafa cibiyoyin sadarwa na makarantun koyar da sana’o’i da kuma haɗin gwiwar ma’aikata a yankunan karkara don faɗaɗa damammakin samun aikin yi. Ta kuma yi jayayya da ilimi da gyara karuwai, maimakon raininsu na zamantakewa. A lokacin da ya kai ga amincewa da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1923 na Romania, ya yi aiki tuƙuru don a san mata a matsayin 'yan wasan siyasa. Canje-canjen da mata suka nema sun ɗan yi nasara kuma a Negruzzi sun shiga Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa . A shekarar 1929, lokacin da aka bai wa mata damar shiga zaben kananan hukumomi a matsayin ’yan takara karo na farko, ta tsaya takara a Bucharest.   Tare da Calypso Botez da Alexandrina Cantacuzino, Negruzzi ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata shida na farko da aka zaɓa don zama membobin majalisar birni. 

A lokacin Babban Bala'in Duniya na shekarun 1930, Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya sake canzawa a cikin 1932 don bai wa mata kusan daidaiton matsayin jama'a a matsayin maza, amma a lokaci guda, gwamnati ta fara kamfen na iyakance ikon mata na yin aiki ko samun tallafin zamantakewa.  Yayin da ' yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki a Jamus, Negruzzi ya yi magana kan yaki kuma ya kasance mai adawa da mulkin farkisanci . Ta taimaka sami Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Demokraɗiyya ( Romanian   ) a cikin 1935, don yaki da yaduwar farkisanci. A cikin 1936, Negruzzi ya kafa ƙungiyar Women's Front ( Romanian   ), don horar da mata kan tsarin yadda za su kare hakkinsu na al'adu, tattalin arziki da siyasa.   Negruzzi ya zama makasudin yawan barazanar kisa don kare ta Ana Pauker .  Lokacin da mulkin Sarki Carol II ya rikide zuwa mulkin kama-karya kuma ya tilasta rufe AECPFR, an tilasta mata ja da baya daga shiga jama'a, amma ta ki ba da hadin kai ga manufofinsa.  

 Mutuwa da gado 
Negruzzi ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Disamba 1948 a Bucharest .  An tuna ta da rawar da ta taka wajen tabbatar da ‘yancin mata a Romania. 

 Duba kuma 

 Lauyoyin mata na farko a duniya

 Manazarta 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 


 Kara karantawa 

 Cosma, Ghizela, Femeile şi siyasa a cikin Romania: evoluţia dreptului de vot în perioada interbelică, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2002
 George Marcu (coord.), Dicţionarul personalităţilor feminine din Romania, Editura Meronia, București, 2009.
Rukuni:Haihuwar 1876
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1948
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba