William Shellabear

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William Girdlestone Shellabear (1862-1947) ya kasance "mai gabatarwa"  masanin kimiyya kuma mai wa'azi a a kasar  Biritaniya Malaya (a yau, wani ɓangare na Malaysia). An san shi da godiya ga al'ummar musulmi da kuma fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa Harshen Malay.

 Rayuwa da aiki 
W. G. Shellabear, kamar yadda aka fi sani da shi, an haife shi a Holkham Hall a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta 1862 a Norfolk, Ingila, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance manajan dukiya.

Ya fara zuwa Malaya a matsayin sojan Burtaniya, sannan ya dawo a matsayin mai wa'azi na Methodist, inda ya yi aiki daga 1891 zuwa 1948. "Ya gabatar kuma ya jagoranci canje-canje a cikin halayen ga Malays da Islama, wanda ya ba da damar masu wa'azi na Methodist su yi hulɗa da Malays yayin da suke kula da amincin isar da su na bishara. "  Ya taimaka wa mutanen Yammacin Turai su fahimci "yadda ruhaniyar Malay ke wakiltar ainihin sadaukarwa ga Islama, duk da gazawarsa ta dace da tsammanin [Yammacin] Orientalists".  Godiya ga harshen Malay da al'adu ya sa ya inganta makarantun harshen Malay, wanda ya kawo shi cikin rashin jituwa da masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da yawa waɗanda suka fi son shirya da koyarwa a makarantun harshen Ingilishi.

Ya samar da rubuce-rubuce da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu an yi niyya ne ga Kiristoci Malay, wasu ga Musulmai Malay, wasu don mishaneri da ke zuwa Malaya, wasu kuma ga malamai. Wadannan sun hada da Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals), Hikayat Abdullah (The Life of Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir), littafin yabo na Malay, ƙamus da ƙamus na Malay, da fassarar Pilgrim's Progress . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da masanin Malay, Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur (wanda aka fi sani da Sulaiman bin Muhammad Nor), a cikin wallafe-wallafen hadin gwiwa kamar Kitab Kiliran Budi (Littafin Hikima, tarin karin magana) da Hang Tuah">Hikayat Hang Tuah (Rayuwa ta Hang Tuah). A cewar John Roxborogh, "[h] shine harshe, ƙamus, da fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki sun kasance a bugawa tsawon shekaru da yawa".

Ayyukansa na ilimi sun haɗa shi a cikin Straits Philosophical Society, da Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (wanda aka sani daga baya shi ne Malayan Branch of la Royal Asiatic Association kuma yanzu an san shi da Malaysian Branch of of the Royal Asian Society), da kuma baiwar Hartford Seminary. 

Shellabear ita ce ta kafa Ƙungiyar MPH, gidan wallafe-wallafen da aka kafa a Singapore a cikin 1890 a matsayin Amelia Bishop Press sannan aka sake masa suna a cikin 1893 a matsayin American Mission Press, a cikin 1906 a matsayin Methodist Publishing House, a cikin 1927 a matsayin Malaya Publishing House.  Shekaru da yawa ya kasance babban editan gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist kuma daga 1906 ya kasance editan jerin littattafan wannan kamfani, Malay Literature Series .

An haɗa shi da kafa Ikilisiyar Methodist ta kasar Sin, yanzu Ikilisiyar Metodist ta Kampong Kapor a Singapore.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
Shellabear ta yi aure sau uku. Ya auri matarsa ta farko, Fanny Marie (née Kealy) (an haife ta a shekara ta 1895), 'yar likitan likita, Dokta John Kealy, a shekara ta 1886. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Hugh Percy Shellabear (1891-1972), wanda a 1947 za a ruwaito shi a matsayin babban likita a Reading, Pennsylvania. Fanny ta mutu bayan dogon rashin lafiya a ranar 15 ga Maris 1895. 

A shekara ta 1897 ya auri Elizabeth Emmeline "Emma" (an haife shi a shekara ta 1862), mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Kanada tare da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Waje ta Ƙasashen Waje na Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Methodist . A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar an haifi 'yarsu ta farko Margaret Anna Shellabear (1897-1972). Bayan ta yi aure, an san ta da Margaret Gulland kuma a 1947 ta kasance shugabar makarantar 'yan mata ta Methodist a Klang, Malaya .  Emma ta mutu a shekara ta 1922. 

A shekara ta 1924 ya auri Emma Naomi (née Ruth) (1886-1972), mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje zuwa Java wanda ke karatu a New Jersey">Madison, New Jersey. 

William Shellabear yana da 'yar ta biyu, Fanny Shellabeir . Bayan ta yi aure an san ta da suna Fanny Blasdell kuma a 1947 ita da mijinta, Robert Allen Blasdall (1892-1986),  suna aiki a matsayin masu wa'azi na Methodist a Malacca. 

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Hartford Seminary, Shellabear ya ci gaba da aikinsa na wallafe-wallafen har zuwa jim kadan kafin ya mutu a Hartford, Connecticut a ranar 16 ga Janairun 1947.

 Kyaututtuka 

 1913: Doctor of Divinity (honoris causa) - Jami'ar Ohio Wesleyan 

 Ayyukan da Shellabear ya rubuta, ya gyara ko ya fassara 

 Ayyuka a cikin Malay 

 1901 (trans.) Sin Sin Sinbayang (Littafin Bauta). American Mission Press.
 1905 (trans., tare da Tan Cheng Poh) Cherita darihal Orang yang Chari Selamat (Baba Malay) (The Pilgrim's Progress). American Mission Press.
 1907 Pelajaran dri hal Isa Al Maseh (Koyarwa game da Yesu Kristi). Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1908 (ed., tare da Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Hikayat Hang Tuah (Rayuwar Hang Tuah). Singapore: Malaya Publishing House .
 1909 (ed., tare da Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Kitab Kiliran Budi (Littafin hikima - tarin karin magana na Malay). Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist, Singapore.
 1913 (trans., tare da Chew Chin Yong & Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Black Bharu Bahasa Peranakan (Baba Malay) (Sabon Alkawari, yaren Peranakan). British and Foreign Bible Society & Bible Society of Singapore .
 1915 (ed.) Hikayat Abdullah (Rayuwar Abdullah). Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1915 (ed., tare da Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Hikayat Sri Rama (Rayuwar Sri Rama). Jaridar Sashin Straits na Royal Asiatic Society, No. 71.
 1915 (ed.) Hikayat Seri Rama (The Ramayana epic). Royal Asiatic Society. Fassarar Malay da aka samo a cikin Bodleian Library.
 1917 Sha'ir Puji Pujian (The hymnal). Singapore: Gidan Littafin Methodist. Daga baya aka buga shi har zuwa 1947.
 1918 Kitab Undang Undang Methodist (Littafin Methodist na horo). Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1921 Hikajat Perhimpoenan Methodist (Tarihin Methodism). Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1924 (ed.) Sejarah Melayu (Tarihin Malays). Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1948 Cherita Ibrahim (Labarin Ibrahim). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1948 Sha'ir Nabi Yang Berpengasihan (Labarin ƙaunataccen annabi). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Sha'ir dri hal Kerajaan Allah (Labarin mulkin Allah). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Cherita Yang Sempurna (Kyakkyawan rayuwa). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Hikayat Beni Isra'ila (Tarihin Isra'ila). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Hikayat Musa (Labarin Musa). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Hikayat Ruth (Labarin Ruth). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Hikayat Yusuf (Labarin Yusufu). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Tafsir Injil Lukas (Binciken Linjila na Luka). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1949 Tafsir Yahya (Binciken Yahaya). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.
 1955 (trans.) Cherita darihal Orang yang Menchari Selamat (Standard Malay) (Ci gaban mahajjata). Singapore: Ofishin Jakadancin Methodist.

 Ayyuka a Turanci 

 1891 (tare da B. F. West) Triglot Vocabulary (Turanci, Sinanci, Malay). Singapore: American Mission Press. Daga baya aka buga shi ta hanyar Methodist Publishing House.
 1898 "Wasu Tsohon Malay Manuscripts". Jaridar Sashin Straits na Royal Asiatic Society.
 1899 Harshe na Malay. Singapore: American Mission Press.
 1901 "The Evolution of Malay Spelling". Jaridar Sashin Straits na Royal Asiatic Society.
 1902 Kalmomin Malay-Ingilishi. Singapore: American Mission Press. Daga baya aka buga shi ta hanyar Methodist Publishing House, 1912, 1925.
 1913 "Baba Malay". Jaridar Sashin Straits na Royal Asiatic Society, No. 65.
 1913 Tasirin Islama a kan Malays: Wani Rubuce-rubuce da aka gabatar ga Straits Philosophical Society . Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1915 Musulunci kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafensa. Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1916 Turanci-Malay Dictionary. Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1917 "Gabatarwa ga Hikayat Sri Rama". Jaridar Sashin Straits na Royal Asiatic Society, Afrilu, shafi na 181-207. 
 1918 (trans.) Tarihin kansa na Munshi Abdullah . Singapore: Gidan wallafe-wallafen Methodist .
 1919 "Littafin Kirista don Malaysia". Muslim World 9, No. 4.
 1919 Ƙalubalen Islama ga Methodism . New York: Kwamitin Jakadancin Kasashen Waje.
 1925 "The Muslim World, Me ya sa muke Bukatarsa. " Muslim World 15, No. 1.
 1930 "An fallasa masu yaudara." Muslim World 20, No. 4.
 1931 "Shin Musulmi zai iya fassara Alkur'ani?" Musulmi Duniya 21, No. 3.
 1931 "Shin Alkur'ani na Sale Amincewa?" Muslim World 21, No. 2.
 1932 "Ma'anar Kalmar 'Ruhu' kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ita a cikin Alkur'ani".
 1933 "A Malay Treatise on Popular Sufi Practices. " The Macdonald Presentation Volume. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
 1939 "Dr. Kraemer a kan Islama" Muslim World 29, no. 1.
 1945 (tare da Vernon E. Hendershott) Dictionary of Standard Malay . Mountain View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association.
 1946 "Bishara ga Malays" Musulmi Duniya 36, No. 3.

 Dubi kuma 

 Fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa Malay

 Manazarta 

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