Alice Vickery

Alice Vickery (wanda aka fi sani da A. Vickery Drysdale da A. Drysdale Vickery, c. 1844 – 12 Janairu 1929)  likita ce Bature, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, kuma macen Ingila ta farko da ta cancanta a matsayin likitan chemist da harhada magunguna . Ita da abokin rayuwarta, Charles Robert Drysdale, kuma likita ne, sun goyi bayan wasu dalilai da yawa, ciki har da ƙauna kyauta, hana haihuwa, da kuma wulakanta shege .

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Vickery a Swimbridge, Devon, a cikin 1844, a matsayin ɗa na biyar kuma ɗiya ta biyu na John Vickery, mai yin piano kuma mai ginin gabobin jiki,  da matarsa Frances Mary Vickery née Leah.  A 1851, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Peckham, Kudancin London, amma Vickery ya kasance a Devon a makaranta. Ta shiga danginta a Landan a 1861 kuma ta kafa aikin yi a matsayin malamin almajiri.

Vickery ta fara aikin likita a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiyar Ladies a 1869. A nan ta sadu da malami Charles Robert Drysdale kuma ta fara dangantaka da shi. Ba su taɓa yin aure ba,   saboda dukansu sun yarda cewa aure " karuwanci ne na shari'a " kuma suna adawa da cibiyar.  Al'umma, duk da haka, gabaɗaya sun ɗauka cewa ma'auratan sun yi aure, kamar yadda aka san mutanen zamaninsu cewa suna cikin ƙungiyar 'yanci, da alama ayyukansu sun sha wahala. Wani lokaci Vickery ta ƙara sunan Drysdale zuwa nata, tana nufin kanta duka a matsayin "Dr. Vickery Drysdale" da kuma "Dr. Drysdale Vickery".

A cikin 1873, Vickery ya sami digirin ungozoma daga ƙungiyar masu haihuwa .  A ranar 18 ga Yuni a wannan shekarar, ta ci jarrabawar Royal Pharmaceutical Society 's Minor exam,  ta zama ƙwararriyar mace ta farko da ta ƙware da likitancin magunguna.  Bayan haka, Vickery ya tafi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Paris, saboda ba a yarda mata su halarci kowace makarantar likitancin Burtaniya ba. <ref name="Bland" A nan ta haifi ɗanta na farko, Charles Vickery Drysdale.

Vickery ya zama ƙwararren Faransanci,  daga baya ya buga fassarorin mahimman ayyukan Faransanci ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi irin su Mujallar Matan ta Ƙungiyar Mata ta Biritaniya ta Ƙasa. Fassararta ta " Akan shigar da Mata zuwa 'Yancin Dan kasa " na masanin falsafa kuma masanin lissafi Marquis de Condorcet an buga shi a cikin 1912.

Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta Burtaniya 1876 ta ba wa mata damar samun digiri na likita. Vickery ya koma Ingila a cikin 1877, bayan Kwalejin Likitoci ta Sarki da Sarauniya, Ireland, ta ƙi amincewa da cancantar ta na baya.  A cikin 1880, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata biyar waɗanda suka cancanci zama likitoci a masarautar, ta sami digiri daga Makarantar Magungunan Mata ta London, kuma ta fara aikin likitanci. A watan Agusta 1881 an haifi danta na biyu, George Vickery Drysdale. 

 Ayyukan aiki 
Vickery ya zama farkon memba na Malthusian League kuma mai ba da goyon baya ga hana haihuwa bayan gwajin Annie Besant da Charles Bradlaugh, waɗanda aka kama saboda buga wani littafi game da hana haihuwa a 1877.  Lokacin da aka kira ta don ta ba da shaida a shari'ar, ta yi magana game da haɗarin yawan haihuwa da kuma yin amfani da wuce gona da iri a matsayin hanyar hana haifuwa. 

Vickery dole ne ya janye daga League na ɗan lokaci, duk da haka, saboda Makarantar Likita ta London ba ta amince da ayyukanta ba. Ta koma zama memba a cikin 1880, lokacin da ta sami digiri, kuma ta kwashe shekaru masu zuwa tana yin lacca game da hana haihuwa a matsayin babban jigon ' yantar da mata . A lokaci guda kuma, ta yi tsayayya da Dokar Cututtuka masu Yaduwa . 

Dukansu Vickery da Drysdale sun shiga Ƙungiyar Shari'a, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1893, kuma sun yi yakin neman daidaitattun haƙƙin yara da aka haifa ba tare da aure ba . [1] [2] Vickery ya ji cewa ƙungiyar "ba ta yi nisa sosai ba" har sai ta fara ba da shawarar ƙauna ta kyauta . [1] Ta ba da jawabi ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Franchise League a kan "Rashin adalci da rashin daidaito na Dokokin Aure", raba wani dandamali tare da Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . [3]

Vickery ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa, Ƙungiyar Mata da Harkokin Siyasa (WSPU), da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata (WFL),  kuma ya kasance shugaban reshe na Herne Hill da West Norwood WFL.  Hendon Women's Franchise Society, wanda ke da alaƙa da United Suffragists, an kafa shi a yayin wani taro a gidan Vickery a Dulwich .  Ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar, ta rubuta wa Shafts na mata na lokaci-lokaci, ta kasance wakiliyar WFL zuwa Majalisar Wakilan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Kasa da Kasa a Amsterdam a cikin 1908,  ta kaurace wa ƙidayar 1911 kuma ta ba da gudummawar karimci ga abubuwan da za su iya zaɓe, amma babban abin da ke mayar da hankali kan kamfen ɗinta na siyasa ya ci gaba da kasancewa kariyar haihuwa.  Ɗanta Charles Vickery Drysdale ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar maza don samun nasarar mata a 1907. 

Vickery ya kafa reshen Mata na Ƙungiyar Malthusian ta Duniya a cikin 1904.  Bayan mutuwar Drysdale a 1907, ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin likita kuma ta gaje shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Malthusian League, yayin da babban ɗansu Charles da surukarsa Bessie Ingman suka zama sabon editocin mujallar Malthusian . Lokacin da 'yar gwagwarmayar kare haifuwar Ba'amurke Margaret Sanger ta ziyarci Biritaniya a 1915 ta sadu da Vickery.   Vickery ya kuma umurci matan da ke aiki a kudu maso gabashin London game da hanyoyin hana haihuwa, bayan gayyatar da ma'aikaciyar zamantakewar Rotherhithe Anna Martin ta yi.  

Vickey kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobi na farko na Eugenics Education Society, [1] amma ya yi tambaya game da rashin kula da su na nuna dangantaka tsakanin girman iyali da 'yantar da mata. [2] Ta kuma ba da hujjar cewa zaɓin jima'i na "gaskiya", na mata waɗanda ke zaɓar abokan aurensu, ya kasance eugenic. [3]

 Bayan shekaru 
A 1921 Vickery ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na shugabar kungiyar Malthusian saboda rashin lafiya.  Ta ƙaura zuwa Brighton a cikin 1923 don zama kusa da ɗanta. Ta yi jawabi akai-akai a tarurruka na reshen kungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta yankin kuma ta zama shugabar kasa. 

 Mutuwa 
Ta mutu da ciwon huhu a ranar 12 ga Janairu 1929,  bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan gabatar da adireshin da ya zama gabatarwarta ta ƙarshe ga jama'a.  An binne ta tare da Charles Robert Drysdale a makabartar Brookwood . 

A cikin labarin mutuwar Edith How-Martyn na Mata, kuma an sake buga shi a cikin Rikodin Da'a, an kwatanta ta da yin "aikin spade ga bangaren mace" a cikin motsin Malthusian,  da kuma "sama da mata". 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Works by or about Alice Vickery at Wikisource
 Works by Alice Vickery at Project Gutenberg
 Works by or about Alice Vickery at the Internet Archive
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1844
Rukuni:Matattun 1929
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba