Joan Kennedy Taylor

Joan Kennedy Taylor (21 ga Disamba, 1926 - 29 ga Oktoba, 2005) 'yar jaridar Amurka ce, marubuciya, edita, masanin ilimi na jama'a, kuma mai fafutukar siyasa.  An fi saninta da goyon 'Yan mata na mutum da kuma rawar da ta taka a ci gaban yunkurin 'yanci na zamani na Amurka.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Taylor a Manhattan ga fitattun iyaye.  Mahaifinta ya kasance mawaki, halayen rediyo, kuma ɗan jarida mai kida Deems Taylor . Mahaifiyarta ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mawaki Mary Kennedy. Ta girma a New York, a cikin kewayen Connecticut, kuma, bayan iyayenta sun rabu lokacin tana da shekaru shida, a duniya. Marubucin tarihin mahaifinta, James Pegolotti, ya rubuta cewa "[b] 1942, saboda mahaifiyar da ba ta da kyau, Joan ya halarci makarantu takwas, a cikin wurare masu nisa kamar Peking, Paris, da Ellsworth, Maine, da New York." 

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar St. Timothy, Taylor ya koma New York don nazarin wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Barnard . A can ta sadu da Donald A. Cook, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Columbia kusa. Bayan aurensu a 1948, Taylor ya tafi aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki, rediyo, da talabijin (tare da nau'i na yau da kullum na rakiyar ayyukan ranar ƙarshe). Yawancin lokacinta ta sadaukar da kai don duba kwasa-kwasan karatun digiri a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Columbia, inda Cook ke neman Ph.D., da kuma shiga cikin ra'ayoyin GI Gurdjieff da PD Ouspensky . 

A farkon shekarun 1950, Cooks sun shirya jerin bukukuwan almara a gidan bene na ƙasa a kan titin 112th, kusa da cibiyoyin Barnard da Columbia. Joyce Johnson, a cikin tarihinta Minor Characters, ya tuna da wurin a matsayin "kamar wani gida a gindin rijiya - tsakar dare ko da a rana mai rana. Ba a taɓa kulle ƙofar ba. Ba ku taɓa sanin wanda za ku samu a can ba. Masana ilimin kimiyya, Dixieland jazz mawaƙa, mawaƙa, 'yan mata masu gudu, mahaukaci mai suna Carl Solomon, wanda wani tsohon dan wasan Columbian G ya sadu da wani tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo Carl Solomon, wanda wani tsohon dan wasan Columbian G a Allen. sashen masu tabin hankali."  Haka kuma Sulemanu da Allen Ginsberg ba su kasance kawai masu haskakawa na Beat Generation don halartar waɗannan tarurrukan ba. Akwai kuma William S. Burroughs, Lucien Carr, Gregory Corso, da Jack Kerouac .

 Sana'a 
A tsakiyar 1950s, Taylor ya watsar da wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya shiga wallafe-wallafe, yana aiki a Alfred A. Knopf da Kamfanin. Ya kasance a cikin 1957, James Pegolotti ya ruwaito, lokacin da, "[a] mataimakiyar tallata a Knopf, Joan ya karanta wani kwafin gaba na [Ayn] Rand's Atlas Shrugged kuma ya sami littafin mai ban sha'awa. Ta rubuta wasiƙar godiya ga marubucin, wanda ya amsa ta hanyar gayyatar ta zuwa abincin rana. Matan biyu sun kafa abokantaka, wani ɓangare na sha'awar Joanism. Ga Taylor, Rand ya haɗu da ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafe da falsafar tattalin arziki a cikin fakiti mai ban sha'awa." 

Taylor ta fara rubuta game da siyasa daga sabon hangen nesa ta Objectivist kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta kafa da kuma gyara wata mujallar siyasa mai zaman kanta ta wata-wata, Persuasion (1964 – 1968), [1] mujallar siyasa ta farko da ta amince da kanta kuma Ayn Rand ta ba da shawarar. A cikin fitowar Disamba 1965 na The Objectivist Newsletter, Rand ya rubuta cewa Lallashi "yana yin aikin ilimi mai ban mamaki a cikin ɗaure al'amuran siyasa na yanzu zuwa manyan ka'idoji, kimanta takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ma'anar ma'ana, da kuma riƙe babban matsayi na daidaito. Yana da sha'awa da ƙima ga duk waɗanda ke ɗokin yin yaƙi, amma rashin bege na siyasa. [2]

Littafin farko na Taylor, When to See a Psychologist, wanda aka rubuta tare da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Lee M. Shulman, ya bayyana a shekarar 1968. A farkon shekarun 1970s, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da magani tare da likitoci daban-daban a duka Stockbridge, Massachusetts Free Clinic da Cibiyar Austen Riggs. Ta fara karatun shari'a a ofishin lauyan Manhattan kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa matsayin lauya. Ta kuma fara aiki a madadin dalilan mata, wanda a hankali ya ja hankalin ta tun farkon shekarun 1960 lokacin da ta karanta The Feminine Mystique na Betty Friedan .

A lokacin yakin Vietnam, Joan ya kasance wani bangare na gungun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da suka hada taro a Washington, DC, a kokarin kawo karshen daftarin soja. "An yi nasara sosai," in ji ta. "Mun sami mutane ɗari biyu a taron. [Daya daga cikin masu magana da taron,] Martin Anderson, ya yanke shawarar cewa zai so ya yi aiki a kan yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa kuma ya tafi ganin Nixon kuma ya ce, 'Na sauka a nan yana magana game da tattalin arziki na daftarin kuma na yi tunanin watakila zan iya rinjayar ku don sanya (kawar da daftarin aiki) daya daga cikin batutuwanku.' Nixon, wanda aka tayar da Quaker, ya ce a, zai yi sha'awar. Kuma ya ɗauki Marty ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mataimakansa, ya zama mataimaki a Fadar White House, ya zama mutumin da ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwa tare da kwamitin da ya kamata ya yanke shawarar abin da ya kamata a yi da sojojin. 

A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ta shiga jam'iyyar Libertarian kuma ta fara gwagwarmayar siyasa na tsawon shekaru a karkashinta. Ta taimaka wajen rubuta dandalin jam'iyyar na kasa a ƙarshen 1970s, ta shawarci Ed Clark na jam'iyyar yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na 1980 kan batutuwan mata, kuma ta ci gaba da inganta ERA da 'yancin zubar da ciki ga membobin jam'iyyar da ba ta dace da matsalolin mata ba.

A cikin 1977, bisa gayyatar editan sa, Roy A. Childs, Jr., Taylor ya shiga cikin ma'aikatan mujallar Libertarian Review na wata-wata, inda ta fara rubutawa akai-akai kan batun mata da sauran batutuwa. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta zama mai sharhi na yau da kullun na mako biyu akan shirin rediyo na yau da kullun na ƙasa, Byline, wanda Cibiyar Cato mai 'yanci ta rubuta. Ba da daɗewa ba ta rubuta wa mujallar Dalilin da Mujallar Bincike, da kuma Binciken Libertarian . A cikin 1980s, ta ma shafe ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin editan The Freeman, sannan a matsayin yanzu mafi tsufa na libertarian mujallar a kasuwa.

A matsayin darektan shirin buga littafin na Cibiyar Manhattan, 1981-1985, Taylor "gano" wani masanin kimiyyar siyasa da ba a san shi ba a lokacin mai suna Charles Murray kuma ya ba shi izini ya rubuta littafin da ya zama Losing Ground (1984), yana gyara rubutunsa kamar yadda aka rubuta, yana tsara don buga shi ta hanyar Littattafai na asali, kuma mafi kyawun tallata shi ba kawai ga jama'a ba. tushe, ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka goma sha bakwai mafi tasiri na ilimin zamantakewa da aka taɓa bugawa. 

Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata na rayuwar Taylor kusan gaba ɗaya sun sadaukar da damuwarta na mata. Daga 1989 zuwa 2003 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa na kasa na Association of Libertarian Feminists (kuma a matsayin editan wasiƙarta), kuma a cikin 1990s ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba kuma a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Feminists for Free Expression, ƙungiyar da ta kasance memba na kafa. Ta koyar da darussa a Sabuwar Makaranta (sa'an nan kuma har yanzu Sabuwar Makaranta don Nazarin Zamantakewa) - ɗaya akan "Rayukan Muryoyi: Feminism a Crossroads" da kuma wani akan "Mata da Doka." A matsayinta na marubuci a kan batutuwan mata, ta ba da gudummawa ga mujallu da littattafai, ta ba da lacca a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma ta buga littattafai guda biyu na nata, Reclaiming the Mainstream: Individualist Feminism Rediscovered (Prometheus, 1992) da Abin da za a Yi Lokacin da Ba Ka So Ka Kira 'yan sanda: A Non-Adversament zuwa Jami'ar New York. 1999).

A farkon 2002, an gano Taylor yana da ciwon daji na mafitsara. A karshen shekara ta 2005 ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa da kuma gazawar koda.

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 

 Riggenbach, Jeff. Lallashi da Dalili: Joan Kennedy Taylor da Sake Haihuwar Mutumin Amurka . New York: Cook & Taylor, 2014.
 Walker, Jesse. Joan Kennedy Taylor, RIP. Dalili, Oktoba 30, 2005.

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Ilimi a LewRockwell.com

 Labarin Tunawa na Charles Murray
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba