Ingantaccen tushen ruwa

ingantaccen tushen Ruwa (ko tushen ruwan sha ko kuma samar da ruwa) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita domin rarraba wasu nau'ikan ko matakan samar da ruwa domin dalilai na saka idanu. An bayyana shi azaman nau'in tushen ruwa wanda, ta hanyar yanayin gininsa ko ta hanyar shiga tsakani, mai yiwuwa za a kare shi daga gurɓataccen waje, musamman daga gurɓatawa da kwayoyin.

Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa (JMP) ne ya kirkiro wannan kalmar don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na UNICEF da WHO a cikin 2002 don taimakawa wajen saka idanu kan ci gaba zuwa ga Manufar Lamba 7 na Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium (MDGs). Sabanin "maɓallin ruwa mai inganci" an kira shi "maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mara inganci" a cikin ma'anar JMP. 
Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗa don saka idanu kan ci gaba zuwa ga Manufar Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa 6 (Manufar 6.1, Mai nuna 6.1.1) daga 2015 zuwa gaba. A nan, suna da wani bangare na ma'anar "aikin ruwan sha mai aminci".

 Ma'anar 

 A lokacin SDG (2015 zuwa 2030) 
Alamar 6.1.1 na SDG 6 ita ce "Rashin yawan jama'a ta amfani da ayyukan ruwan sha mai sarrafawa". An bayyana kalmar "ma'aikatan ruwan sha masu aminci" kamar haka: "Ruwa mai sha daga ingantaccen tushen ruwa wanda ke kan gidaje, yana samuwa lokacin da ake buƙata kuma ba tare da gurɓataccen sinadarai ba"."Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. 2017 update and SDG baselines". Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. p. 8.

A cikin 2017, JMP ta bayyana sabon lokaci: "aikin ruwa na asali". An bayyana wannan a matsayin ruwan sha da ke fitowa daga ingantaccen tushe, kuma idan lokacin tattarawa bai wuce minti 30 ba don tafiya ta zagaye. Wani matakin sabis na ƙasa yanzu ana kiransa "ma'aikatar sabis na ruwa" wanda yake daidai da sabis na asali amma lokacin tattarawa ya fi minti 30."Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. 2017 update and SDG baselines". Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. p. 8.

An bayyana matakan sabis kamar yadda (daga mafi ƙasƙanci zuwa mafi girma): Ruwan sama, wanda ba a inganta shi ba, iyakance, asali, sarrafawa lafiya."Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. 2017 update and SDG baselines". Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. p. 8.
JMP Matakala ta ruwa mai shaAna Gudanar da shi cikin aminciAbubuwan da suka daceƘayyadaddenBa a inganta shi baRuwa na samatushe

 A lokacin MDG (2000 har zuwa 2015) 
Don ba da damar kwatankwacin kasa da kasa na kimantawa don saka idanu kan Manufofin Ci gaban Millennium (MDGs), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya / Shirin Kula da Harkokin Lafiya na UNICEF (JMP) don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace-tsabtace ya bayyana " ingantaccen" hanyoyin ruwa kamar haka:

 Ruwa mai bututu zuwa gidaje 
 Ruwa mai bututu a cikin yadi / shirin 
 Tushen jama'a / bututu
 Tubewell /boreholes 
 Rijiyoyin da aka haƙa da kariya 
 maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu kariya (yawanci wani ɓangare na wadatar bazara) 
 Tarin ruwan sama 
 Ruwan kwalba, idan an inganta tushen na biyu da gida ke amfani da shi don dafa abinci da tsabtace mutum 

Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa waɗanda ba a ɗauka a matsayin "mahimmanci" sune:

 Rijiyoyin da ba a kare su ba "Improved and unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities". JMP website, WHO - UNICEF. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
 maɓuɓɓugar ruwa marasa kariya 
 Mai siyarwa ya ba da ruwa 
 Karusar da ke da karamin tanki / tambari 
 Ruwa mai kwalliya, idan tushen na biyu da gida ke amfani da shi don dafa abinci da tsabtace mutum ba a inganta shi ba 
 Jirgin ruwa 
 Ruwa na sama 

 Dubi kuma 

 Hakkin ɗan adam ga ruwa da tsabta

 Manazarta