Bala'i a Kufra

Bala'i a Kufrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_at_Kufra Wannan bala'i a Kufra ya faru ne a watan Mayun 1942 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da 11 daga cikin 12 na Afirka ta Kudu da ke shawagi a cikin jirgin saman Bristol Blenheim Mark IV na jirgin sama na 15 na rundunar sojojin saman Afirka ta Kudu ya mutu saboda kishirwa da fallasa, bayan da jirgin ya yi asara sakamakon kuskuren kewayawa kusa da mashigar Kufra a kasar Libya kuma ya yi tir da tilas.

 Tura tawaga zuwa Kufra 
Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Afirka ta Kudu ta 15 Squadron, sanye take da jirgin Bristol Blenheim Mark IV, sun tashi daga Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Janairu 1942 don yin hidima a Masar don tallafawa sojojin kawance a yakin Arewacin Afirka na yakin duniya na biyu. Da ta isa Masar a watan Fabrairun 1942, ta kafa ayyuka a kudancin Amreya, kusa da Iskandariya. Maza biyu ne kawai a cikin rundunar - kwamandan rundunar, Laftanar Kanar H. H. Borckenhagen da Kyaftin JL V. de Wet - sun sami gogewa a ayyukan hamada.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_at_Kufra#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoetzee2001_1-1

An umurci rundunar da ta aike da wani jerin gwanon jiragen sama zuwa gabar tekun Kufra, mai zurfi a cikin hamadar Libya a kudu maso gabashin Libya, inda za su taimaka wa sojojin kawancen kasa da ke sansanin Kufra tare da leken asiri ta sama, da kariya ta sama da kuma goyon baya ga rukunin hamada mai tsayi da ke aiki a bayan layin Jamus a kudancin Libya. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1942, ma'aikatan ƙasa 47 sun tashi zuwa Kufra, suna yin tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa, tudun ruwa, da abin hawa na ƙasa; sun isa ranar 25 ga Afrilu. Sabon Manjo de Wet, wanda aka nada a matsayin kwamandan rundunar, ya tashi zuwa Kufra a ranar 11 ga Afrilu don yin shiri na karshe na zuwan tawagar.http://pixel-renoster.blogspot.com/2011/02/ww2-memorial-plaque-saaf-tragedy-at.html%7CWW2

15 Squadron ya zaɓi mafi kyawun Blenheims guda uku (Z7513, Z7610, da T2252) don ƙaddamarwa. Kowannensu dauke da ma’aikata uku, sun isa Kufra a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1942, sun taso daga Amariya ta Wadi Halfa don kaucewa wucewa ta yankin da abokan gaba ke rike da su. Da isar su sai suka tarar da tashar gano kwatance a Kufra ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata. Komawa cikin Amariya, Laftanar Kanar Borckenhagen, wanda ba shi da wata hanyar sadarwa ta kai tsaye da Kufra, ya nemi hedkwatar rundunar sojojin sama ta Royal da ke yankin da ta ba da umarnin de Wet a madadinsa don a ci gaba da aiki har sai tashar gano kwatance ta fara aiki.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_at_Kufra#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1974405_5-2

 Jirgin 
A ranar 3 ga Mayu 1942 tashar nemo shugabanci ta dawo kan aiki kuma Major de Wet ya yi wa ma'aikatansa bayani game da jirginsu na farko da zai jagoranta da sassafe. Za a yi jirgin ne a cikin saurin iskar da ya kai 150 mph (kilomita 240 a cikin sa'o'i 240 a cikin sa'o'i) kuma ya kasance don sanin ma'aikatan da ke da alamomi a yankin da kuma samun gogewa game da yawo cikin hamada. An shirya tashin jirgin da sanyin safiyar ranar 4 ga watan Mayu kuma zai bi kusan wata hanya mai murabba'i, tare da kafarsa ta farko mai nisan mil 83 (kilomita 134) daga Kufra zuwa Rebiana, Libya, a kan hanya na 269°, sannan ta biyu na mil 51.5 (kilomita 82.9) akan ɗaukar 358° zuwa Bzema, sannan ƙafa ta uku akan mil 64 Ground. 007 (LG-007 Matruh West), kuma a ƙarshe akan ɗaukar 162 ° don 83.5-mile (134-km) ƙafa zuwa Kufra, tare da ETA a Kufra da aka shirya da 07:42. Baya ga ma'aikatan guda uku a cikin kowane jirgin, kowane jirgin zai dauki sulke don taimakawa da makamai a cikin jirgin a lokacin tashin. Kowane jirgi ya dauki kwanaki hudu na abinci da ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_at_Kufra#CITEREFBagshawe1990

Bayan samun rahoton yanayin safiya na yankin wanda ya annabta ganuwa na mil 2.5 (kilomita 4.0) da iska daga ɗaukar nauyin 60 ° a gudun 19 zuwa 24 mph (31 zuwa 39 km / h) a ƙafa 1,600 (490 m), de Wet ya ƙi tabbatar da duba yanayin iska na fata. Blenheims guda uku, kowanne da mutane hudu, sun taso ne daga Kufra, kuma bayan an fara binciken sadarwa ba a ji komai daga jirgin ba sai karfe 7:10. A halin da ake ciki dai, ma'aikatan jirgin Blenheim guda uku sun yi imanin cewa, sun yi nasarar kamala jirgin nasu, inda suka gano kowace hanya da kuma shirin isa Kufra tsakanin karfe 07:33 zuwa 07:42. Sai dai kuma, jami’an kawance a Rebiana ba su ji sun wuce ba, lamarin da ke nuni da cewa sun riga sun yi tafiya a lokacin da suke tunanin sun kammala zangon farko na jirgin nasu. Wani abin da ya ba da gudummawar shi ne cewa balloon yanayi da aka harba jim kaɗan bayan tashin ya nuna cewa rahoton yanayin da ya gabata bai yi daidai ba, kuma iskar da ke da ƙafa 2,200 (m 670) a zahiri tana hurawa a cikin 31 mph (50 km / h) daga ɗaukar nauyin 290 °, kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu tuƙi a cikin jirage ya lura cewa ba ya iya tashi."The Tragedy at Kufra"

Karfe 07:10, daga karshe Kufra ya ji ta bakin Blenheims, lokacin da jirgin sama na Z7610 ya bukaci a dauke shi, kuma Kufra ya bukaci ya aika da dashes domin tashar nemo kwatance ta iya tabbatar da tafiyarsa; jirgin bai amsa ba. A 07:27, Major de Wet's Blenheim, Z7513, ya nemi kwas don komawa Kufra, amma ma'aikacin gidan rediyon ya daina watsa shirye-shirye kafin tashar gano kwatance ta tantance tasirinsa; Bayan da ya dauki hoton, Kufra ya yi ta rediyo mai lamba 120-3=0527, yana nufin cewa jirgin ya kamata ya "shirya 120° (sifilin iska) gyara aji na uku, lokacin 05h27 GMT," amma jirgin ya bayyana ne kawai ya ji lambobi 3-0-5 kuma a sakamakon haka ya yi imanin cewa hanya zuwa tushe shine 305 °. Jirgin ya juya zuwa wannan hanya da ƙarfe 07:42, kuma sojojin ƙawance a Taizerbo sun ji sun wuce zuwa yamma. A 08:10 sun juya 180 ° don tashi a kan juzu'i, 125 °. Bayan injin tauraro na T2252 ya fara lalacewa da misalin karfe 09:00 na safe, Major de Wet ya umarci jirgin da ya sauka a cikin hamada, wanda Blenheims guda uku suka yi nasara da karfe 09:15.

 Bincike da neman jirgin 
 A hudu ga watan Mayu 
Ma'aikatan jirgin Blenheim sun ba da shawara kuma cikin kuskure sun kammala cewa suna da nisan mil 20 (kilomita 32) daga Kufra. Da karfe 11:00 ma'aikatan jirgin suka tashi a Z7610 suka tashi zuwa kudu maso yamma, amma sun dawo da karfe 11:30 bayan sun kasa samun Kufra. Bayan canja wurin man fetur daga nakasassun T2252, ma'aikatan jirgin sun sake tashi a Z7610 kuma suka tashi a kan hanyar 213 ° kimanin mil 24 (kilomita 39), amma sun dawo da karfe 11:40 ba tare da sun ga Kufra ba. Jirgi na uku ya tashi da karfe 15:35 ya tashi a kan hanya mai tsayi 240° – wanda zai kai shi Kufra – amma ya juya baya bayan mil 81 (kilomita 130) kafin ya isa Kufra. Ma'aikatan ba su sake yin wani yunƙuri na gano sansaninsu a wannan rana ba kuma da alama suna ɗaukan ceton da ke kusa sun cinye ruwa mai yawa a rana ta farko a cikin hamada.

Da tsakar rana a ranar 4 ga Mayu, Kufra ya san cewa Blenheims uku dole ne sun sauka a wani wuri a cikin hamada. Alamun rauni na lokaci-lokaci daga jirgin a cikin rana bai isa ya tabbatar da tasirin su ba. An shirya ƙungiyoyin bincike a ƙasa a Rebiana, Bzema, da LG07 kuma tashoshin gano kwatance daban-daban suna lura da yiwuwar siginar jirgin da ya ɓace. An fara binciken ƙasa bisa shakkun shakku da aka ɗauka a ranar.

 A ranar biyar ga watan Mayu 
Ma'aikatan Blenheim da aka rushe sun yi wasu jirage biyu marasa nasara da ke neman Kufra a ranar 5 ga Mayu. Flying Z7513 ta amfani da man fetur da aka tura daga T2252, ma'aikatan jirgin guda ɗaya sun tashi a kan juzu'in 90 ° na kimanin mil 45 (kilomita 72); bayan dawowar ta, ta sake tashi a kan wani jirgin mai nisan mil 96 (kilomita 154) a kan 290° tare da mutane uku a cikin jirgin, amma gajiyar mai ta tilasta masa sauka a nisan mil 24 (kilomita 39) arewacin sauran biyun da suka makale a Blenheims. Shaidun da aka gano lokacin da masu bincike suka gano Z7513 bayan kwanaki hudu sun nuna cewa ma'aikatansa sun sauka sau biyu a cikin wannan jirgin, amma sun kasa komawa sauran Blenheims saboda rashin mai. A halin da ake ciki, yawancin ɓangarorin binciken ƙasa daban-daban sun dawo don ba da rahoton rashin nasarar su, kuma buƙatun binciken iska ya zama a bayyane. Da Z7513 bai dawo ba, sauran waɗanda suka tsira sun ɗauka cewa jirgin ya isa Kufra kuma ceto ya kusa.

 A ranar shida ga watan Mayu 
Mutanen tara da ke makale da Z7610 da T2252 sun yi amfani da kusan dukkan ruwansu da safiyar ranar 6 ga Mayu. Manjo de Wet da kansa ya tashi a cikin Z7610 don bincika 290 °, amma ya dawo ba tare da nasara ba. A halin da ake ciki dai wasu Bombays uku Bristol Bombays na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal Air Force Squadron mai lamba 216 sun fara bincike ta sama, amma sun ci karo da guguwar yashi da ta hana su kwana biyu masu zuwa. Guguwar yashi ta kara tsananta halin mutanen da ke da makale a Blenheims; wadanda ke da Z7610 da T2252 sun fara mutuwa da rana.

 Bakwai zuwa goma sha daya ga watan Mayu 
Guguwar yashi ta ci gaba har zuwa ranar 7 ga Mayu zuwa 8 ga Mayu, lokacin da gani ya fara inganta. Major de Wet ya rubuta a ranar 8 ga Mayu cewa maza shida ne kawai suka rage daga cikin 12, kuma ya nuna damuwa cewa mutanen na iya harbe juna ko shi; Daga baya sai ya ga mutum biyu ne kawai suka rage a raye banda shi. A lokuta daban-daban tsakanin 5 zuwa 9 ga Mayu, ƙungiyoyin neman ƙasa sun zo tsakanin mil 2 (kilomita 3.2) na Z7513 da T2252 kuma tsakanin mil 5 (kilomita 8.0) na Z7513, amma taƙaitaccen gani ya hana su gano Blenheims da ke kwance.

A ranar 9 ga Mayu, da guguwar yashi ta ƙare, wani Vickers Wellington ya hango Z7610 kuma ya sauka kusa da shi.[5] Ma'aikatanta sun gano ma'aikatan jirgin Blenheim uku suna kwance a karkashin inuwar reshen reshenta, dukkansu sun mutu tun ranar 8 ga Mayu.

A ranar 11 ga Mayu, wannan Wellington ya sami Z7513 da T2252 suna fakin hanci-zuwa-hanci akan 24°51′00″N 24°25′00″E ko 24°49′00″N 24°10′00″E. 

Da zarar sun sauka, ma'aikatan Wellington sun gano A/Mech Juul a matsayin wanda ya tsira. An gano gawar Manjo de Wet da wasu mutanensa bakwai a kusa da jirgin, wasu da abin da ake zaton harbin bindiga ne da kansu suka yi. An samu ‘yan revolver guda uku tare da kashe duka harsashi. An samu daya daga cikin revolver a hannun Major de Wet. An garzaya da Juul zuwa Kufra don kula da lafiyarsa, daga baya kuma ya ba da shaida a kotun binciken SAAF/RAF.

 Bayan haka 
 Tambaya 
An gudanar da bincike kan lamarin a Kufra daga ranar 1 zuwa 4 ga watan Yunin 1942. Hukumar binciken ta alakanta lamarin da rashin kwarewar matukan jirgin a cikin hamada; gazawarsu wajen adana sahihan rajistan ayyukan navigator; da kuma gazawar masu amfani da waya wajen gudanar da ayyukansu a lokacin jirgin. Hukumar ta dora alhakin saukar tilas a kan ma'aikatan babban jirgin sama, Z7610 wanda Manjo de Wet ya tashi. Hukumar ta danganta gazawar binciken kasa da ta sama da rashin samun sahihin bayani dangane da yiwuwar matsayin jirgin; ƙasa mai wahala; guguwar yashi; matsaloli tare da jiragen sama marasa amfani waɗanda ba za su iya aiwatar da ayyukan bincike da aka ba su ba da kuma ƙungiyar sigina mara kyau. Har ila yau, an gano cewa ma'aikatan Blenheim da aka rushe ba su yi wani abu ba don taimakawa masu bincike don gano su saboda ma'aikatan sun shiga mummunan hanyoyin gano alkibla ko da bayan saukarwa kuma sun kasa yin amfani da sigina na gani da kuma lalata gobara.

Binciken ya kuma gano dalilan da suka haddasa mutuwar matukin jirgin, inda ya gano cewa sun kasa fahimtar halin da suke ciki ko kuma ba su raba ruwa nan da nan kuma sun yi amfani da barasa na wauta, A/Mech van Breda sun sha shi duk da halayensa masu guba, da na kashe gobara, da suka fesa wa kansu na ɗan lokaci daga zafin da ke haifar da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi na fata.

Don kaucewa sake afkuwar lamarin Kufra, hukumar ta bayar da cikakkun shawarwari dangane da kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da su a cikin jiragen da za su yi shawagi a cikin hamada da kuma hanyoyin gaggawa idan aka yi saukar tilas a cikin sahara. An kuma ba da shawarar cewa ƙwararrun ma'aikata ne kawai su yi aiki daga Kufra. Ta wani bakon bugun zuciya, Major de Wet an yi masa lakabi da "Jannie sonder koers" (Kashe-Course Jannie) a cikin Abyssinia biyo bayan wani abin da ya faru a lokacin da ya jagoranci jirginsa na Fairey Battles a hanyar da ba ta dace ba saboda lalacewar kayan aiki da rashin fahimta.

 Gawawwaki 
Masu binciken sun binne mutanen uku da aka gano tare da Z7513 kusa da jirgin, kuma mutanen takwas sun gano gawarwakin a kusa da Z7610 da T2252 a wurin da aka gano su. A cikin Fabrairun 1959, ƙungiyar binciken ƙasa ta sake gano Z7513, kuma an tono gawar ma'aikatanta uku tare da sake binne su a makabartar yaƙin Knightsbridge a Acroma, Libya. Gawarwakin mutanen takwas da aka gano tare da Z7610 da T2252 sun kasance a inda aka binne su har zuwa 1963 lokacin da aka tono su kuma aka sake shiga cikin Knightsbridge.

 Farfadowar jirgin sama 
A watan Mayun 1942, an gyara Z7610 da T2252 aka mayar da jirgin zuwa Kufra. Daga baya T2252 ya gamu da gazawar injin inda ya fado a kusa da Kufra, amma Z7610 ya yi aiki tare da tawagar Squadron mai lamba 15 a can har zuwa ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1942, lokacin da rundunar ta bar Kufra don komawa tawagar. A lokacin, tawagar ta koma Bristol Bisleys - bambancin harin kasa na Mark V na Blenheim - don haka rundunar ta bar Z7610 a baya a Kufra don gyara ta hanyar Royal Air Force Maintenance Unit (MU) kuma an tashi zuwa Khartoum a Sudan. An yi amfani da injunan Z7513 tare da matsi da yawa kuma, kamar yadda ake ganin ba zai iya tashi ba, an watsar da shi a inda yake. Bayan wani samame da jirgin Axis ya kai Kufra a ranar 25 ga Satumbar 1942, an kashe shi don kayayyakin gyara don gyara wata Bisley da ta lalace a harin.

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