Roxana

Roxana (ta mutu  BC,  Ancient Greek  ,  ; Tsohon Iranian : *Raṷxšnā- "mai haskakawa, mai haske", Persian     ) wani lokaci ana kiranta da Roxanne, Roxanna da Roxane ɗan Sogdiya ne   ko kuma Bactrian  gimbiya wadda Alexander the Great ya aura bayan ya ci Darius da yaqi , sarkin Daular Achaemenid, ya mamaye Farisa.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Roxana a matsayin 'yar wani dan majalisa na Bactria mai suna Oxyartes, satrap na Bactria da Sogdia,  wanda ya yi wa Bessus hidima, kuma saboda haka mai yiwuwa ma ya shiga cikin kisan sarki na karshe na Achaemenid Darius III. Ba a san ainihin ranar haihuwarta ba, amma tana da shekaru na haihuwa a 326 BC, tana sanya haihuwarta kafin 336 BC.

Bayan da mai mulkin Makidoniya Alexander the Great ya kama Bessus, Oxyartes da iyalinsa sun ci gaba da tsayayya da Macedonian, kuma, tare da wasu sanannun mutane kamar su Sogdian warlord Spitamenes, sun ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a cikin wani sansani da aka sani da Sogdian Rock.

Daga bisani Alexander ya kayar da su, wanda ya halarci bikin,  kuma an ruwaito cewa ya ƙaunaci Roxana a gani.  An yi jayayya game da wurin da aka yi bikin,  watakila a cikin Dutsen Sogdian ko wani sansanin Chorienes (wanda Quintus Rufus Curtius ke kira Sisimithres), amma bisa ga Metz Epitome ya kasance a cikin gidan Chorienes inda aka gabatar da Roxana ga Alexander a matsayin 'yar Oxyartes.  Curtius a bayyane yake ya yi kuskuren nuna Roxana a matsayin 'yar Chorienes. Arrian ya bayyana cewa Oxyartes ya mika wuya ga Alexander lokacin da ya fahimci kyakkyawar karɓar da Alexander ya ba 'yarsa Roxana. A.B. Bosworth ya ambaci yiwuwar kama Roxana a Sogdian Rock, amma su biyun sun yi aure a sansanin Chorienes .  Aure ya kasance a cikin 327 BC, kuma bisa ga mafi yawan tushe yana cikin al'adar Makidoniya maimakon Farisa. Tushen sun yarda cewa Alexander ya fada cikin soyayya da ita, amma la'akari da cewa yana da wahala wajen mamayewa da sarrafa Sogdiana shawarar da ya yanke na auren Roxana na iya zama dalilin fa'idodin kawancen siyasa.Badian, Ernst (30 September 2015). "RHOXANE ii. ALEXANDER'S WIFE". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
Alexander ya auri Roxana duk da adawa daga sahabbansa  wanda zai fi son Makidoniya ko wani Girkanci ya zama sarauniya. Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (1996). "Alexander and Persian Women". The American Journal of Philology. 117 (4): 575–577. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1561949. Koyaya, auren ya kasance mai fa'ida a siyasa yayin da ya sa sojojin Sogdian suka fi aminci ga Alexander kuma ba su da tawaye bayan cin nasarar su. Alexander daga baya ya yi balaguro zuwa Indiya kuma yayin da yake can ya nada Oxyartes a matsayin gwamnan yankin Hindu Kush da ke kusa da Indiya.Badian, Ernst (30 September 2015). "RHOXANE ii. ALEXANDER'S WIFE". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 23 November 2021. Roxana ta bi Alexander zuwa Indiya, inda ɗansu na farko ya mutu a ko ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa kusa da bakin kogin Acesines  a watan Nuwamba 326 BC. 

Lokacin da Alexander ya koma Susa a cikin bazara na 324 BC, ya inganta ɗan'uwan Roxana zuwa ga manyan sojan doki. Badian, Ernst (30 September 2015). "RHOXANE ii. ALEXANDER'S WIFE". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 23 November 2021. Don karfafa karɓar gwamnatinsa tsakanin Farisawa, Alexander ya kuma auri Stateira II, 'yar Sarkin Farisa Darius III da aka tsige.

Bayan Mutuwar Alexander kwatsam a Babila a cikin 323 BC, an yi imanin Roxana ta kashe Stateira. A cewar Plutarch, ta kuma kashe 'yar'uwar Stateira, Drypetis, tare da yardar Perdiccas. Roxana tana da ciki, wanda ya haifar da wasu tattaunawa tsakanin masu goyon bayan Alexander a kusa da Perdiccas  da Ptolemy  wanda ya ba da shawarar jira don ganin ko yaron da ya mutu ya kasance ɗa kuma ya kira ko dai mai kula ko majalisa don yin mulki a madadinsa, da kuma sojojin Makidoniya waɗanda suka yi adawa da abin da ake kira persianization na kotun Makidoniya.

Ga maye gurbin Makidoniya an sami sulhu na wucin gadi yayin da aka ayyana Philip Arrhidaeus a matsayin Sarkin Makidoniya; idan yaron da ba a haifa ba ɗa ne, zai zama sarki. A shekara ta 317 duk da haka, ɗan Roxana, mai suna Alexander IV ya rasa sarautarsa sakamakon makircin da matar Philip Arrhidaeus, Eurydice II ta fara.Badian, Ernst (30 September 2015). "RHOXANE ii. ALEXANDER'S WIFE". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 23 November 2021. Bayan haka, Roxana da saurayi Alexander sun sami kariya daga mahaifiyar Alexander the Great, Olympias, a Makidoniya. Bayan kisan Olympias a cikin 316 BC, Cassander ya ɗaure Roxana da ɗanta a cikin birni na Amphipolis .  Janar na Makidoniya Antigonus ya yi Allah wadai da tsare su a cikin 315 BC. A cikin 311 KZ, yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Antigonus da Cassander ta tabbatar da mulkin Alexander IV amma kuma Cassander a matsayin mai kula da shi,  bayan haka Macedonians suka bukaci a sake shi.  Koyaya, Cassander ya umarci Glaucias na Makidoniya da ya kashe Alexander da Roxana. An ɗauka cewa an kashe su a cikin bazara na 310 BC, amma an ɓoye mutuwarsu har zuwa lokacin rani. An kashe su biyu bayan an kashe Heracles, ɗan uwargidan Alexander the Great Barsine, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen Daular Argead.

 Kyauta 

 An sanya wa Asteroid 317 Roxane suna don girmama ta.

 A A Acropolis, an sami rubutun hadayu Roxana da aka keɓe a matsayin matar Alexander ga Athena. 

 Lucian ya bayyana zanen auren Roxana da Alexander ta hanyar mai zane na Girka Echion (wanda aka fi sani da Aetion) wanda ya sami izinin mai zane da yardar Olympic Hellanodike Proxenidas don auren 'yarsa.Förster, Richard (1894). "Die Hochzeit des Alexander und der Roxane in der Renaissance". Jahrbuch der Königlich Preussischen Kunstsammlungen. 15 (3): 182–183. ISSN 1431-5955. JSTOR 25167339.
 A daya daga cikin sassan Alexander Romances, Darius III shine mahaifinta kuma yana mutuwa ya ba da izinin auren da ta sa kayan ado na sarauta Alexander ya nemi daga mahaifiyarsa Olympias. Aure ya faru ne a fadar Darius.

 Dubi kuma 

 Alexandre et Roxane, wasan kwaikwayo wanda Mozart ya shirya rubuta
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 manazarta 

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