Machapunga

Machapunga  yana ciki ƙananan ƙabilar 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne masu magana da Harshen Algonquian daga maso gabashin North Carolina .  Sun kasance daga cikin mutanen Secotan. Sun kasance rukuni daga Powhatan Confederacy wanda ya yi ƙaura daga Virginia ta yanzu. 

Machpunga kuma shine sunan wani kauye na farkon karni na 16 a kan Kogin Potomac da kuma wani kauye mai suna Powhatan Confederacy na karni na 18 a cikin Northampton County, Virginia . 

 Sunan 
Masanin ilimin ɗan adam John Reed Swanton ya rubuta cewa Machapunga yana nufin "mummunan ƙura" ko "ƙazanta da yawa" a cikin yarensu na Algonquian.

 Harshe 
Sun yi magana da yaren Carolina Algonquian wanda ya ƙare.

 Yankin 
Machapunga sun zauna a cikin abin da ke yanzu Hyde County, North Carolina . Ƙasarsu na iya faɗaɗa zuwa yankunan Beaufort na yanzu, North Carolina, da Washington, Tyrrell, da Dare.

A cikin 1700 da 1701, Machapunga sun kula da ƙauyen da ake kira Mattamuskeet .  Ya rike mayaƙa 30 kuma mai yiwuwa yana kan iyakar Tafkin Mattamuskeet a cikin Hyde County na yanzu.

 Tarihi 
Masanin ilimin lissafi na farkon karni na 20 Frank Speck ya yi imanin cewa tarihin Machapunga da sauran kabilun Algonquian a Arewacin Carolina tabbas an haɗa su da yawan jama'a da ke bakin tekun Virginia. Ya yi imanin cewa kabilun da ke Arewacin Carolina sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙaura mai girma na Algonquian a kudu bayan hulɗar Turai. Ya lura da kasancewar kabilun da ke magana da harshen Algonquian a bakin tekun Arewa maso gabas da gabashin Kanada da tsakiyar Kanada.

 Karni na 16 
Lokacin da Turawan Burtaniya suka kafa mulkin mallaka a Tsibirin Roanoke wanda ya kasance daga 1586 zuwa 1685, mutanen Secotan da suka rasa muhallinsu sun koma tare da Machapunga.

 Karni na 17 
Ethnographer James Mooney ya kiyasta a cikin 1600 akwai 1,200 Machapunga da kabilun da suka danganci.

 Karni na 18 
A shekara ta 1701, Machapunga sun karfafa cikin ƙauye guda ɗaya mai suna Mattamuskeet .  A cikin 1701, mai binciken Ingila John Lawson ya rubuta cewa kabilar tana da kusan mambobi 100.

A shekara ta 1711 sun shiga cikin Yaƙin Tuscarora da masu mulkin mallaka. A shekara ta 1715, masu mulkin mallaka na Ingila sun ba da wani yanki a kan Tafkin Mattamuskeet ga Machapunga da Coree da suka tsira, waɗanda ke zaune a ƙauye ɗaya. Coree nan da nan ya tafi ya shiga Tuscaroras.

Daga 1718 zuwa 1746, John Squires ya fito a matsayin jagora a kan takardar, ko kuma ajiya Mattamuskeet .  John Mackey da Long Tom sun yi aiki a matsayin masu ba shi shawara. Ɗansa Charles Squires ya bi shi a matsayin jagora; duk da haka, tasirinsa ya ragu daga 1752 zuwa 1760.  Maza shida na Machapunga sun sanya hannu kan takardar aiki ga ajiyar Mattamuskeet a cikin shekara ta 1761.  Ko da kafin 1727, mazaunan Machapunga sun fara sayar da ƙasarsu har zuwa 1761, wanda aka sayar da ƙasar.

Iyalan Machapunga da suka warwatse har yanzu suna zaune a Arewacin Carolina a cikin 1761.  Sa'an nan kuma mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje Rev. Alexander Stewart ya kafa makaranta don yara 'Yan asalin ƙasar takwas da yara biyu na Afirka. Mutanen Roanoke da Hatteras sun koma yankin. Stewart ya rubuta cewa ya yi wa manya da yara bakwai "Attamuskeet, Hatteras, da Roanoke" baftisma. A shekara ta 1763, ya yi wa wasu 'Yan asalin ƙasar 21 baftisma daga wannan yankin.

 Manazarta 

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