Lisa Kalvelage

Lieselotte (Lisa) Kalvelage (Afrilu 21, 1923-Maris 8, 2009) Ba'amurke ne haifaffen Jamus wanda ya nuna adawa da sojan Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam . Ta kasance daya daga cikin matan da ake kira " matan napalm ". [1] A watan Mayun 1966 a wani wurin ajiyar kaya a gundumar Alviso na San Jose, California, sun zauna a gaban wani bututun mai dauke da bama-baman napalm don nuna rashin amincewarsu da isar da su zuwa Vietnam. [2] Tare da sauran matan uku, an yi mata shari'a kuma aka yanke mata hukunci amma an yanke mata hukuncin dakatar da ita. Pete Seeger yayi amfani da bayanin da ta yi a kotu a cikin wakarsa mai suna "My Name Is Lisa Kalvelage". Kalvelage, wanda ya jagoranci Cibiyar Aminci ta San Jose daga 1967 zuwa 1972, ta kasance mai fafutukar neman zaman lafiya a cikin shekaru tamanin. Ta kasance mai aiki a kungiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta Amirka da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci . [3] [4]

 Rayuwar farko da iyali 
An haife ta a Nuremberg, Jamus, a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1923, Lisa ta shafe shekarunta na samartaka don guje wa yawan tashin bama-bamai a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ta hanyar neman kariya a cikin rumbun gidanta. Bayan yakin, ta sadu da Bernard Kalvelage daga sojojin saman Amurka kuma ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka don aurensa a 1948. Ma'auratan sun zauna a San Jose, California, inda suke da 'ya'ya mata biyar. 

 Anti-yaki gwagwarmaya 
An gigice cewa a cikin 1947 Amurkawa sun yi iƙirarin kowane Bajamushe yana da laifi, Kalvelage ya nemi ya kawo fahimtar mugunyar yaƙi ga duk wanda ta sadu da shi.  A lokacin yakin Vietnam, ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar adawa da mamayewar soja da Amurka ta yi. 

Ana tunawa da Kalvelage musamman don tsayawar da ta yi tare da wasu mata uku a wata zanga-zanga a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1966 a Alviso, California. Don kada a ɗauke su don hippies, dukansu huɗun sun yi ado da tufafin da suka fi dacewa kuma suka zauna a gaban wani bututun mai cike da bama-bamai na napalm na Vietnam. Bayan fuskantar ma’aikacin forklift da karnukan sa, ‘yan sanda sun kama Kalvelage da sauran ukun. A gaban kotu, an same su da laifin "kutse don yin katsalandan a harkokin shari'a" amma an dakatar da hukuncin daurin da aka yanke musu.  Kalaman Kalvelage a shari'ar da kuma taron manema labarai na gaba sun ja hankalin jama'a sosai. Musamman ta yi nuni ga ka'idojin Nuremberg kan laifukan yaki. Wannan ya sa Pete Seeger ya kirkiro waƙarsa "Sunana Lisa Kalvelage", yana gabatar da maganganunta da abin da ta jimre tun kwanakinta a Nuremberg.  

Daga 1967 zuwa 1972, ta haɗu da Cibiyar Aminci ta San Jose. Ta kasance mai fafutuka a matsayin mai fafutuka cikin shekaru tamanin, tana sukar yakin Iraki tun lokacin da aka fara a 2003.  Ayyukan sun haɗa da horar da waɗanda suka ƙi saboda imaninsu da nuna adawa da yaduwar makaman nukiliya. Ta ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyoyi da dama da suka haɗa da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta Amirka, Ƙungiyar Hemlock, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Adam . 

Lisa Kalvelage ta mutu a Cupertino, California, a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2009. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba