Yaren Hiw

Hiw (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi Hiu) yare ne na Oceanic da ake magana a tsibirin Hiw, a cikin Tsibirin Torres na Vanuatu .  UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger: Hiw. François (2012):100). kimanin masu magana 280, ana ɗaukar Hiw a cikin haɗari.

Hiw ya bambanta da Lo-Toga, ɗayan yaren ƙungiyar Torres. Dukkanin masu magana  Hiw suna da harsuna biyu a Bislama, kuma mafi yawansu suna magana da Lo-Toga.

 Sunan 
An sanya sunan harshe ne bayan tsibirin.

 Fasahar sauti 

 Sautin sautin 
Hiw yana da sautin 9 na sauti. Waɗannan duka gajerun monophthongs ne //:François (2021).
+Sautin HiwA gabaTsakiyazagayeKomawaKusaYa kuma yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaSanya taƙaiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaKusa da kusaɪ tsara shi neYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaTsakanin Tsakiyada kuma SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaƘididdigar ƘididdigaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyao kamata a yi amfani da shiYanayinSanyaTsakaninə kamata a yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaBude-tsakiyaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaBudea cikin wannanYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
tsakiya guda uku  duk suna da zagaye.

 ya zama mai saukowa /j/ a duk lokacin da wani wasali ya biyo baya.

The high back rounded vowel  occurs, but only as an allophone of  and  after labio-velar consonants.  always becomes  after a labio-velar, while  only becomes  in pre-tonic syllables, and then only optionally.

 Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi 
François (2021). yana  ƙwayoyi 14.
+Harshen HiwBiyuwaAlveolarDorsalLabializedvelar<br id="mwmw">HanciYa kam a yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaYa kasan a cikinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaŋ kamata a yi amfani da shiSunan da aka yiSanyaYanayiSunanSanyaPlosiveSunan hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaYa kamat a yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaSashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaSunan kw aka yiYanayinSanyaFricativeSashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyas da aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaɣ yi amfani da shiSanyaAn shirya shigefenɡ͡?? yi amfani da shi sosaiSanyaGlidej zama hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanyaw w w watauYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya

 Magana mai ruwa 
Harshen tarihi *l ya sauya zuwa , wanda yake na musamman a cikin Harsunan Torres-Banks.

Hiw ita  kawai yaren Austronesian wanda kayan aiki sun haɗa da kusan /; wannan ɓangaren mai rikitarwa shine kawai ruwa asalin Hiw. A tarihi, wannan ɓangaren mai rikitarwa ya kasance muryar alveolar trill  (wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka rubuta shi azaman r̄). Kalmomin da aka fur, wanda aka rubuta a matsayin r, ya bayyana a cikin kalmomin aro na baya-bayan nan. A wasu, watakila tsofaffi, kalmomin aro, an aro trills na alveolar a matsayin gefen velar.

 Damuwa 
Ana iya hango Damuwa a cikin Hiw, sai dai idan akwai kalmomin da ke dauke da  kawai. 

Gabaɗaya, damuwa ta farko ta faɗi a kan syllable na ƙarshe wanda ba ya ƙunshe da . Misali:  'wata',  'watakila'. Game " class="IPA nowrap" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"[βəˈj'''ə''']"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw_g" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">[βə] kalmomin da kawai wasula ce schwa, damuwa ba za a iya hangowa ba: don haka [βəˈjə] 'bishiyar pandanus' ita ce oxytone kuma [ˈtəpjə] 'abinci' ita ce paroxytone. Waɗannan su ne kawai kalmomin polysyllabic waɗanda zasu iya samun schwa mai jaddadawa.

Kalmomin polysyllabic suna da damuwa ta biyu, wanda ya fadi a kowane sashi na biyu daga sashi na farko da aka jaddada, yana tafiya zuwa hagu. : [ˌβəɣəˈβ5.] 'magana'.

 Fonotactics 
The syllable structure of Hiw is CCVC, where the only obligatory element is V: e.g.  'throw ()';  'star';  'dolphin';  'tie'.

Hiw yana ba da damar haɗin kai, kalma-tsakiya da farko. Wadannan ƙididdigar ƙididdiga 2 a iya nazarin su a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigapyen C1 wanda duka ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal sun kasance iri ɗaya. Misali na gemination shine a cikin  'saya' vs  'hot'. Ana iya tsawaita wakoki da wasula don dalilai na bayyanawa, misali:  'yana da nauyi' ya zama [] 'yana da yawa!’.

Harshen Hiw ya bi ka'idar Sonority Sequencing, tare da tsarin sauti na musamman mai zuwa:

A farkon syllable, C2" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sub","href":"./Template:Sub"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"1"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAS0" typeof="mw:Transclusion">1 bazai fi sauti fiye da C2 ba. Fricatives da plosives ba su da bambanci game da sauti. 

Ko da yake  ko da yaushe ana furta shi azaman kusan, yana da kyau a bi da shi azaman cikas game da son kai: wannan fassarar tana lissafin kalmomi kamar  'karamin', wanda in ba haka ba zai zama koma baya ga son rai . 

Shaidar sauti ta nuna cewa  alamu kamar ruwa, mafi sonorous fiye da hanci amma ƙasa da sono fiye da glide  . Ba kamar abubuwan hanawa ba,  ba za a iya bin hanci ba. Koyaya, yana iya zuwa bayan hanci, kamar a  'fushi'. Ƙa'idar da aka samo bayan  da  - misali  'share'. 

 Nahawu 
Hiw yana da tsarin nahawu mai kama da sauran harsunan Torres–Banks masu rai. 

Dangane da sassauƙan lexical, an ƙididdige Hiw don ya zama “mai sassauƙa na nahawu”, amma “ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamus”.  Mafi yawan lexeme na harshe na cikin aji ɗaya ne kawai (suna, siffa, fi'ili, adverb…); duk da haka kowane ɗayan waɗannan azuzuwan kalmomin sun dace da adadi mai yawa na ayyukan daidaitawa.

Tsarinsa na karin magana na sirri ya bambanta haɗin kai, kuma yana bambanta lambobi uku (maɗaukaki, dual, jam'i). François (2016).

Tare da maƙwabcin sa Lo-Toga, Hiw ya ɓullo da ingantaccen tsarin lambobi na magana, ta yadda wasu fi'ili ke musanya tushen su dangane da adadin babban ɗan takara. François (2019). Hiw yana da nau'i-nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i 33 na karin kalmomi, wanda shine mafi girman adadin da aka rubuta a cikin harsunan duniya. 

Bayanin sararin samaniya a cikin Hiw ya dogara ne akan tsarin jagororin geocentric ( cikakkar ) Wannan tsarin sararin samaniya ya fi tunawa da wanda ya yaɗu a tsakanin harsunan Oceanic, duk da haka yana nuna wasu sabbin abubuwa waɗanda suka sa ya zama na musamman. François (2015:) 140-141, 176-183).

 Nassoshi 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki   
 .


 Hanyoyin hadi na Waje

 Taswirar harshe na arewacin Vanuatu, yana nuna kewayon Hiw .
 Rikodin sauti a cikin yaren Hiw, a buɗe hanyar shiga, ta A. François ( Tarin Pangloss ) .
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba
Category:Harsuna