Kathleen Courtney

Dame Kathleen D'Olier Courtney, DBE ( (1878-03-11 )    - (1974-12-09 )  ) ya kasance jagora a cikin gwagwarmayar fafutuka a Burtaniya .   

 Rayuwa 
Kathleen D'Olier Courtney an haife ta ce ƙarama cikin 'ya'ya mata biyar kuma ta biyar cikin'ya bakwai na Lieutenant (daga baya Major) David Charles Courtney (1845-1909) na Royal Engineers (ɗan asalin Milltown, County Dublin, Ireland), da matarsa, Alice Margaret (née Mann) a 1 York Terrace, a Gillingham a ranar 11 ga Maris 1878. [1]

Courtney ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Anglo-Faransa mai zaman kanta a Kensington da makarantar kwana ta Manse a Malvern kafin ta kwashe watanni bakwai a Dresden tana nazarin harshen Jamusanci. A watan Janairun 1897 ta tafi Lady Margaret Hall don nazarin harsunan zamani. A can ta kafa abota ta rayuwa tare da Maude Royden . 

Iyalin Courtney sun kasance masu arziki sosai, suna ba Kathleen 'yancin ba da rayuwarta ga dalilai masu kyau. A shekara ta 1908 an nada ta sakatariyar kungiyar Arewacin Ingila ta Mata. Ɗaya daga cikin membobinta, Helena Swanwick, daga baya ya bayyana cewa Courtney ya isa Manchester "tare da babban suna"  a matsayin fitaccen mai shirya. 

A shekara ta 1911, ta koma London inda ta yi aiki tare da Millicent Fawcett, wata mata ta Ingila, mai ilimi, siyasa da kuma jagoran kungiyar. Ta kuma zama marubuciya kuma sakatariyar girmamawa ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa . Ta zauna a Hampstead tare da Hilda Clark, Edith Pye da Edith Eckhart . 

Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na I a shekara ta 1914, ta watsar da kamfen din da take yi don samun 'yancin mata kuma ta ba da rayuwarta ga nazarin siyasar duniya da ƙoƙarin gina gadoji zuwa ga hadin kan kasa da kasa.

A cikin Afrilu 1915, Aletta Jacobs, 'yar takarar neman zabe a Netherlands, ta gayyaci 'yan takara daga ko'ina cikin duniya zuwa taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Mata a Hague . Mahalarta taron sun hada da Mary Sheepshanks, Jane Addams, Grace Abbott, Lida Gustava Heymann, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Emily Hobhouse, Chrystal Macmillan da Rosika Schwimmer . A wajen taron matan sun kafa kungiyar mata ta kasa da kasa kan zaman lafiya da 'yanci (WIL).

An zabi Courtney a matsayin shugaban sashen Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1928, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Burtaniya kuma a 1939 (shekarar da Yaƙin Duniya na II zai fara) an zabe ta Mataimakin Shugaban . Daga 1949 zuwa 1951 ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban . 

Courtney ta ci gaba da shiga cikin yakin neman izinin mata. Ta taimaka wajen kafa Adult Suffrage Society a 1916 kuma a matsayin sakatariyar hadin gwiwa ta yi kira ga mambobin House of Commons don tsawaita ikon mallakar har sai an zartar da Dokar cancantar Mata a 1918. A shekara mai zuwa ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship . Kazalika da bayar da shawarar irin wannan haƙƙin jefa kuri'a kamar maza, kungiyar ta kuma yi kamfen don daidaita albashi, dokokin saki masu adalci da kuma kawo karshen nuna bambanci ga mata a cikin sana'o'i.

A shekara ta 1945, ta zama mataimakiyar Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bayan shekaru hudu ta zama shugabar hadin gwiwa da shugabar kwamitin zartarwa na UNA. 

An nada Courtney a matsayin CBE a 1946 kuma a 1972 an inganta ta zuwa DBE . A shekara ta 1968 ta sami girmamawa na ba da jawabi a Westminster don bikin shekaru 50 na wasu mata da ke da kuri'a. 

A shekara ta 1972 an ba ta lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1977, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Tattaunawar Suffrage, mai taken Shaidar Magana game da ƙungiyoyin sufragist da sufragist: tambayoyin Brian Harrison, masanin tarihi, Brian Harrison, ya gudanar da hira game da Courtney tare da Elisabeth Furlong, wanda shine dan uwan farko na Courtney da aka cire, (wanda ke da alaƙa da Mann a gefen mahaifiyarta). Ta yi magana game da iyalin Courtney da makaranta, lokacin da take Lady Margaret Hall, da halayenta da abubuwan da ta samu a tsufa.

 Mutuwa 
Kathleen Courtney ta mutu a gidanta a 3 Elm Tree Court, London, a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1974 tana da shekaru 96.  Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba ko kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya. An gudanar da hidimar tunawa a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1975 a St Martin-in-the-Fields .

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba