Marion Phillips

Marion Phillips (29 Oktoba 1881 - 23 Janairu 1932) yar siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour ta Biritaniya ce haifaffiyar Australiya wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Memba na Majalisar (MP) daga 1929 zuwa 1931.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Marion Phillips a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1881 a St Kilda, wani yanki na Melbourne, Victoria, a Ostiraliya mai mulkin mallaka. Iyayenta su ne Philip David Phillips, lauyan Australiya Bayahude, da Rose Asher, wacce ta fito daga New Zealand .  Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata na Presbyterian, Melbourne da Jami'ar Melbourne, ta kammala karatun ta a 1903. A cikin 1904, ta fara karatun karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, ta kammala karatun digiri a matsayin Doctor na Kimiyya a 1907, tare da kasida game da ci gaban New South Wales . Tsakanin 1906 da 1910, ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Beatrice Webb a kan kwamitin binciken Dokokin Talakawa . 

 Sana'a 
Memba na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata daga 1908, ta zama sakatare a 1912. Ta kuma gyara takardan League, wanda a shekara ta 1913 ta zama Matar Labour. Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya barke ta zama mamba a Kwamitin Ƙasa na Ma’aikatan Gaggawa na Yaƙi. A cikin 1916, Phillips ya kasance a wurin kafa Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Ƙungiyoyin Mata na Masana'antu . Phillips shine sakatarensa tsakanin 1917 da 1932.

Phillips ya kuma yi aiki a wasu kwamitocin gwamnati kafin a zabi mace a majalisar dokokin kasar. Mafi mahimmancin su ne majalisar masu amfani da abinci na ma'aikatar abinci da kuma kwamitin ba da shawara ga mata na ma'aikatar sake ginawa.

Ba kamar fitattun 'yan takara ba, hangen nesanta bai mai da hankali kan tsawaita ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba, tana son shigar da jihohi a cikin kasuwan kyauta don samun kyakkyawar sanarwa ta hanyar la'akari da rayuwa a wajen aiki. A matsayinta na shugabar kungiyar kwadago ta mata, ta bayyana irin rawar da take takawa a matsayin “samar da jam’iyyar Labour ta sanar da bukatun mata da kuma samar wa mata hanyoyin samun ilimi a harkokin siyasa. A cikin wannan yunƙurin ta tsokano kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na matan gida don shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago kuma ta taimaka wajen faɗaɗa batutuwa kamar daidaito ga mata a wuraren aiki, abinci na makaranta, dakunan shan magani da wuraren wasan yara, mahimmancin ƙimar uwa, ƙarin jin kai, rashin aminci, kusanci ga ƙirar gidaje ga iyalai na yau da kullun, da kawar da buƙatun buƙatu daga gida da abubuwan rayuwa.

Tare da Margaret Bondfield, Phillips "ya yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba a cikin WLL don tada fahimtar siyasa na mata da kuma karfafa su shiga." An lura da Phillips da Bondfield cewa "ko da yake akwai wasu tashin hankali a tsakanin su biyu a farkon, sun yi aiki a cikin jituwa kuma sun raba tsarin zamantakewa na zamantakewar al'umma don 'yantar da mata kuma dukansu biyu sun kasance 'yan majalisa na Labour tare a 1929 (Bondfield ya kasance dan majalisa a 1924). [1]

Da yake magana game da bukatar samar da isassun wuraren wanka da wanki a sabbin ayyukan gidaje, Phillips ya bayyana cewa: "Idan 'yan kwadago ba za su tallafa mana kan wannan bukata ba, dole ne mu dakatar da duk gidajen kananan hukumomi har sai mun maye gurbin dukkan mazan Labour da matan Labour".  Da take jawabi ga mata a Hartlepool, ta jaddada cewa, "Har yanzu da sauran ayyukan ilmantarwa kuma za mu fara da ilmantar da kanmu".

A matsayinta na babbar jami'ar mata na jam'iyyar Labour, an bayar da rahoton cewa ta ba mata ƙarin kwarin gwiwa don shiga harkokin siyasa, kuma a shekara ta 1925, an kafa sashin mata.

A babban zaɓe na 1929, an zaɓi Phillips a matsayin ɗan majalisa (MP) na Sunderland . Zaben 'flapper' na 1929 shine na farko da mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 30 suka cancanci kada kuri'a. A cikin Yuli 1928, Phillips ya rubuta wa dukan mata a mazabar Sunderland, yana mai cewa 'GA MATA MUSAMMAN, WANNAN ZABE MAI GABA DA ZA A YI A 1929 YANA DA MUHIMMANCI'.  Ta yi rashin nasara a zaben 1931, kuma a 1932 ta mutu da ciwon daji, tana da shekaru 50. Phillips shine Bayahude na farko, don haka mace ta farko wacce ba Kirista ba ce MP.  Duk da haka, ita ma ta kasance mai rashin yarda da Allah. 

A watan Satumba na 2019, an buɗe wani allo a titin Foyle 18, wurin da tsoffin ɗakunan Kwamitin Sunderland Labour Party. An karanta "Mace ta farko ta Sunderland tana da ofishi a nan 1929-1931. Mai fafutuka da ilimi, ta yi amfani da haƙƙin mace da ma'aikata. Babban Jami'in Mata na Jam'iyyar Labour (1918-1932)". 

 Manazarta 

 Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs  

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Marion Phillips
 https://web.archive.org/web/20050130200035/http://www.ialhi.org/gender/lhasc-phillips.doc
 Phillips, Marion (1881–1932) at The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1881
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1932
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