Wendy Kaminer

Wendy Kaminer (an haife ta Disamba 28, 1949) lauya ce kuma marubuciya yar Amurka. Ta rubuta litattafai da yawa a kan al'amuran zamantakewa na zamani, ciki har da 'Yancin Tsoro: Gudun Mata Daga Daidaita, game da rikici tsakanin mata masu adalci da masu karewa; Ina Dysfunctional, Kuna Dysfunctional: The farfadowa da na'ura Motsi da sauran Kai-Taimako Fashions, game da kai taimakon motsi; da Barci tare da Ƙarshen Duniya: Tashin Rashin hankali da Hatsarin Taƙawa

 Rayuwar farko 
Kaminer ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Smith a 1971. Ta sami digiri na JD daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Boston kuma ta yi aiki da doka a matsayin lauya na ma'aikaci na Ƙungiyar Taimakon Shari'a da kuma ofishin Magajin Garin New York . 

 Ayyukan aiki 

 Yaƙin batsa da ƙungiyoyin hana cin zarafi 
A cikin ƙarshen 1970s, Kaminer ya yi aiki tare da Mata a kan Batsa, inda ta ba da shawarar ƙoƙari na wayar da kan jama'a da kuma adawa da ƙoƙarin shari'a don yin lalata da batsa . Ta ba da gudummawar wani babi ga tarihin labarun batsa, Take Back the Night, inda ta kare 'yancin yin kwaskwarimar Farko kuma ta yi jayayya game da hatsarori na neman mafita na shari'a ga matsalar da aka gane na batsa. Ta yi adawa da kokarin da Catharine MacKinnon da Andrea Dworkin suka yi na ayyana batsa a matsayin cin zarafin jama'a. Ta yi suka ga ƙungiyar masu fafutuka a cikin labarin 1992 a cikin The Atlantic mai suna "Masu Ƙarfafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Farko ."  Mai ba da shawara ga 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, a halin yanzu memba ce a kwamitin ba da shawara na Gidauniyar Haƙƙin Mutum da Bayyanawa .

Kaminer, daidaitattun da aka kwatanta da kansa ko "'yancin ɗan adam na mata", ya kasance farkon abokin gaba na ƙarshen karni na 20 na "masu kariya" mata, wanda aka nuna a cikin motsi don yin lalata da batsa, da kuma "bambancin" mata da ke hade da Carol Gilligan . Ta soki "Rikicin Identity na Feminism" a cikin labarin murfin Oktoba na 1993 don The Atlantic . 

 ACLU 
Kaminer ya kasance memba na hukumar American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts daga farkon 1990s har zuwa Yuni 2009. Ta kasance memba na hukumar 'yanci ta Amurka daga 1999 har zuwa lokacin da wa'adinta ya kare a watan Yuni 2006. A shekara ta 2003, a lokacin da take rike da mukamin shugaban hukumar ta kasa, ta zama mai sukar shugabancin ACLU, kuma ta kasance a tsakiya a cikin jerin rigingimu, ciki har da yunkurin korar babban daraktan, wanda ya kai ga yunkurin da aka yi na hana mambobin hukumar yin sukar ACLU.   A cikin 2009 ta buga littafi game da kwarewarta da ra'ayoyinta, mai suna Mummunan Instincts: Cowardice, Conformity da ACLU .

Tun daga 2018, Kaminer har yanzu yayi sharhi game da ACLU da abin da ta yi imani shine dangantakar da ta dace tsakanin kare 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yancin ɗan adam. "Ba wani wanda ke yin wannan aiki tare da irin tasirin kasa, da kuma irin ƙwararrun lauya." 

 Rubuce-rubuce 
Kaminer, tsohuwar 'yar'uwar Guggenheim, ta buga littattafai guda bakwai ban da Mummunan Instincts, ciki har da alamarta. 1992 sharhi game da taimakon kai da motsi na farfadowa, Ina Dysfunctional, Kuna Dysfunctional: The farfadowa da na'ura da sauran Kai-Taimako Fashions . Har ila yau, ta yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da rashin tunani, ruhaniyanci, da haɗin kai na addini da siyasa a Amurka, batun littafinta na 1999, Barci tare da Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa: Tashin Irrationalism da Perils of Piety . Rubuce-rubucenta na mata sun hada da littafinta na 1990, 'Yanci mai Tsoro: Jirgin Mata daga Daidaitawa, nazarin rikice-rikice na tarihi tsakanin daidaito da kariya ga mata da kuma bincikar shari'a da zamantakewar zamantakewa na kariya. Tsohuwar lauya mai ba da agaji ta shari'a, ta kasance mai sukar hukuncin kisa da tsarin shari'ar laifuka, batun Yana da Duk Rage: Laifuka da Al'adu . Ita ce kuma marubucin Free for All: Defending Liberty in America Today ; Soyayya ta Gaskiya Yana Jira: Masifu da Suka ; da Sa-kai na Mata: Jin Dadi, Raɗaɗi, & Siyasar Ayyukan da Ba a biya ba daga 1830 zuwa Yanzu (1984). 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2001 Kaminer ya auri abokin tarayya mai tsawo Woody Kaplan.  Kaplan, tsohon mai haɓaka gidaje, ya kafa Jerin 'Yancin Jama'a (kwamitin aikin siyasa) kuma ya kasance cikakken ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam. Kaplan ya kasance shugaban gidauniyar kare ra'ayi kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin ba da shawara na kungiyar Secular Coalition for America .  Kaplan ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2023  Kaminer ita kanta memba ce a kwamitin ba da shawara na Haɗin kai na Secular. 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Wendy Kaminer, blog a The Huffington Post
 Wendy Kaminer a cikin Atlantic
 Appearances  
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba