Molly Childers

Mary Alden Childers MBE ( née Osgood ; 14 Disamba 1875 - 1 Janairu 1964), wanda aka fi sani da Molly Childers, marubuciya ce ɗan ƙasar Irish haifaffen Amurka. [1] 'Yar Dr Hamilton Osgood da Margaret Cushing Osgood na Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 'yar uwarta Gretchen Warren . Ta auri ɗan'uwan Irish marubuci kuma mai kishin ƙasa, Erskine Childers . Ɗansu, Erskine Hamilton Childers, ya zama shugaban ƙasar Ireland na huɗu.

 Rayuwar farko da iyali 
Childers, da ƙauna da ake kira "Molly", an haife shi a cikin wani sanannen dangin Boston wanda ke zaune a 8 Beacon Street, Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts . Nakasassu ta jiki tun tana shekara uku biyo bayan wani hatsarin skating, Childers ta yi karatu a gida kuma ba ta wayar hannu tsawon shekaru 12 na farkon rayuwarta. [ 2 ] Daga karshe dai ta iya yin motsi mai isa ya hau doki, amma ba ta taba iya tafiya ba tare da sanduna ba. [ 3 ] Mahaifinta, Dokta Osgood, dalibi ne na Dr Louis Pasteur kuma ya kasance tare da shi a Faransa da Switzerland . Wannan binciken da Pasteur ya yi ne ya ba shi damar dawo da maganin rigakafin cutar rabies na farko zuwa Boston, da kuma Amurka. [ 4 ] Zurfin Osgood yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da John Quincy Adams da Anne Hutchinson, kuma Childers sun kasance masu girman kai da bayyana ra'ayi game da wannan haɗin. [ 5 ] Mahaifiyarta Margaret Cushing Osgood ta ƙarfafa ta ta yi karatu da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa a fannin ilimi, saboda rashin lafiyarta zai hana wasu sana'o'i. Gidan iyali na Osgood a kan titin Beacon yana kusa da Boston Atheum . Yara sun shafe shekaru na kuruciyarta a cikin wannan ɗakin karatu, suna karatun sa'o'i a kowace rana; da yawa daga cikin dangin Osgood sun kasance daga cikin masu mallakar cibiyar na farko. [1] [2] [3]

 Aure 
A ƙarshen 1903, Childers ya zauna kusa da Erskine Childers a wani abincin dare da inna ta ba ta a Beacon Hill.  Erskine ya kasance a Boston a kan balaguron biki tare da Lord Denbigh da Kamfanin Kamfanoni masu daraja .  A cikin Janairu 1904, bayan wasu makonni na zawarcin, su biyun sun yi aure a Cocin Trinity a Boston.  Wata jaridar Boston ta bayyana bikin aurensu a matsayin "taro mafi ban sha'awa" na kakar wasa. 

 Ƙungiyoyin agaji 
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Childers sun shiga aiki mai wuyar siyasa tare da Kwamitin Ba da Agaji a Belgium .  Saboda sauye-sauyen yanayin diflomasiyya da Jamus a tsakanin 1915-1918, ' yan gudun hijirar lokacin yaƙi na Beljiyam da rikici ya raba da muhallansu sun kasance a tsakiyar wata tarzoma ta hanyar kai hare-hare kan samar da agajin da ake bukata. Ta tara musu kudi tare da yayarta da mahaifiyarta.

A cikin Janairu 1918, Sarki George V ya ba ta MBE don wannan aikin. [ 14 ]  An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Médaille de la Reine Elisabeth daga Sarauniya Elisabeth ta Belgium . 

Ita da mijinta sun kasance memba na Irish White Cross Society,  wanda ya wanzu kafin Irish Red Cross, ita a matsayin mai ba da shawara, kuma shi mamba ne na kwamitin zartarwa.  Mai fafutuka Maud Gonne shima memba ne a wannan kungiya. 

Daga 1916 zuwa 1918, Childers ya kasance sakataren girmamawa na Asusun 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Chelsea. 

Bayan Babban Yaƙin, a cikin 1920, ta shiga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF),  ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin ƙungiyoyin zaman lafiya a duniya, daga baya kuma aka haɗa su cikin UNESCO na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya .

 Ireland da Jamhuriyar Republican 
Ta kasance tsakiyar Yuli 1914 ' Yan agaji na Irish Howth da ke gudana a kan ta da jirgin ruwan mijinta Asgard .    Hoton da aka ɗauka a lokacin tare da abokin aikin jirgin ruwa Mary Spring Rice ya nuna ta a gefen bindigogi da akwatunan harsasai.

 Zargin leken asiri 
A cikin 2006, masanin tarihi Michael T. Foy ya buga wani littafi, Yaƙin Intelligence na Michael Collins: Gwagwarmaya Tsakanin Biritaniya da IRA 1919-1921,  a cikin abin da ya nuna cewa Childers na iya zama ɗan leƙen asiri ga Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Independence na Irish . Foy yayi hasashe cewa ta ba da aikin sa kai don leken asirin Burtaniya kafin ma'auratan su koma Ireland a 1918.  Masu sharhi sun bayyana da'awar a cikin jaridun Irish a matsayin "mai ban mamaki",  "mai hankali"  da "kwalban hayaki". 

Marubucin ya gano a cikin National Archives jerin rahotannin sirri da ke nuna cewa wata mata da ke da babban matakin shiga Sinn Féin ta kasance tana ba da bayanan sirri ga sojojin Burtaniya. Koyaya, fensir shuɗi ya lulluɓe sunan wakilin.  Marubucin ya lura da dalilai masu ma'ana wanda, a ra'ayinsa, ya nuna cewa Childers na iya zama ɗan leƙen asiri, ciki har da tabbatar da cewa ba ta raba sha'awar mijinta ga 'yancin kai na Irish da kuma amfani da mutum na Amurka. Ya ba da shawarar cewa Childers na da "halayen da za su iya aiwatar da irin wannan rawar mai haɗari" kuma ta "tabbatar da hankali, ƙarfin hali, yanke shawara da azama ɗaya", amma ta yarda cewa babu wata cikakkiyar shaida.  Duk da haka, Foy ya wuce hasashe na masana lokacin da ya yi iƙirarin cewa ita kaɗai ce mutumin da zai dace da bayanan ɗan leƙen asiri. 

Nessa Childers, 'yar Shugaba Erskine Hamilton Childers, ta yi watsi da shaidar a matsayin "mai yiwuwa", tana mai cewa a cikin wata hira ta talabijin cewa "kawai bai dace da halinta ba". Ta yi tambaya game da shaidar cewa ɗan leƙen asirin mata ne kuma ta lura cewa: "Har zuwa ranar da ta mutu tana da hotunan Liam Mellows, Liam Brady da Rory O'Connor a gefen gadonta kuma tana girmama su. Ba haka ba ne cewa irin wannan mutumin zai iya jefa rayuwar mutanen cikin haɗari." 

Masanin tarihi Peter Hart ya ce ka'idar Foy "da alama ta dace da gaskiyar kamar yadda aka gabatar", amma ya lura cewa "dukkanin sauran hujjojin da muka sani game da 'yar jamhuriya Molly sosai suna nuna cewa ba zai iya zama gaskiya ba, kuma akwai wasu kyawawan dalilai na yin taka tsantsan". Hart ya lura cewa rashin daidaiton wasu daga cikin leken asirin ya nuna wata majiya da ke kokarin gaya wa 'yan Burtaniya "masu tsaurin ra'ayi kawai abin da suke so su ji". 

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

 Manazarta 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 





Rukuni:Haihuwan 1875
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1964
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba