Ƙungiyar Faransa don Zaɓin Mata

Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Faransa don Matan Mata ( UFSF : French ) ƙungiyar mata ce ta Faransa da aka kafa a shekara ta 1909 wacce ke fafutukar tabbatar da 'yancin mata na zaɓe, wanda a ƙarshe aka ba da shi a cikin 1945. Kungiyar ta dauki matakin tsaka-tsaki, inda ta ba da shawarar gabatar da zabe mai inganci tun daga zaben kananan hukumomi, tare da yin aiki tare da abokan kawancen maza a Majalisar Wakilai.

 Gidauniya 
An kafa UFSF ta ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mata waɗanda suka halarci taron kasa na 'yan mata na Faransa a Paris a 1908.  Yawancinsu sun fito ne daga burguje ko kuma masu ilimi.  Shugabannin sune Jane Misme (1865-1935), editan La Française, da Jeanne Schmahl (1846-1915). UFSF ta ba da mafi ƙarancin mayaka kuma mafi karɓuwa madadin ƙungiyar Suffrage des Femmes na Hubertine Auclert (1848-1914). Babban makasudin, kamar yadda aka buga a La Française a farkon 1909, shine don samun nasarar mata ta hanyoyin doka. An gudanar da taron kafa mata 300 a watan Fabrairun 1909. An nada Cécile Brunschvicg (1877-1946) sakatare-janar.  Ita ce matar masanin falsafa Léon Brunschvicg .  Eliska Vincent ya karbi mukamin mataimakin shugaban kasa mai daraja.  Majalisar ta amince da UFSF ta amince da kawance a kasarsu ta UFF 

 Kafin yakin duniya na daya 
UFSF ta faɗaɗa cikin sauri yayin da Brunschwicg ta zagaya da larduna tana ba da lacca akan mata, kuma malaman makarantar mata sun tsara babi na gida.  Sarah Monod, shugabar kasa ta Majalisar Matan Faransa, ta zama mamba.  Jeanne Mélin, memba na Sashen Faransa na Ma'aikata na Duniya, ya shiga UFSF.  Louise Bodin, daga baya ta zama fitacciyar jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa, tana cikin wadanda suka kafa wata kungiyar UFSF a cikin watan Maris 1913 a Ille-et-Vilaine .  Ya zuwa 1914 akwai mambobi 12,000 a cikin 75 na sassan Faransa. Dabarun UFSF sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da wakilan majalisa waɗanda suka goyi bayan zaɓen mata kamar Ferdinand Buisson, da kuma tsarin ba da izini a hankali wanda zai fara da ƙuri'a a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi. 

An ba da izinin zaɓen maza na duniya a cikin 1848. A cikin Fabrairu 1914 an gabatar da fadada dokar 1848 ga mata a cikin Majalisar Wakilai, amma bai wuce ba. A cikin Afrilu 1914 UFSF ta shiga cikin taron da Marguerite de Witt-Schlumberger (1853-1924) ta shirya tare da akwatunan zaɓe da aka sanya a wuraren sayar da jaridu da sauran wuraren jama'a.  Kuri'u 505,972 da aka duba "Ina son yin zabe" kuma 114 ba su da kyau.  UFSF gabaɗaya ta yi adawa da zanga-zangar 'yan bindiga, kodayake ta shiga cikin "Muzaharar Condorcet" mai ƙarfi 6,000.  An shirya wannan a birnin Paris a ranar 5 ga Yuli 1914 ta dan jarida Séverine (Caroline Rémy), makonni kafin yakin duniya na farko . 

 Bayan shekaru 
UFSF ta dakatar da yakin neman zabe a lokacin yakin duniya na (1914-18) kuma ta goyi bayan gwamnati.  Bayan yakin an yi zaton cewa gwamnati za ta bai wa mata kuri'a don amincewa da gudunmawar da suka bayar a lokacin yakin, kuma a haƙiƙanin majalisar wakilai ta zartar da dokar zaɓen mata a shekara ta 1919. Sai dai majalisar dattijai ta hana dokar, kuma ta ci gaba da toshe dokar a duk lokacin da aka dawo da ita.  Majalisar wakilai ta kada kuri’ar bai wa mata ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuri’u 329 zuwa 95 a ranar 20 ga Mayun 1919, amma majalisar dattawa ta hana su. Wakilan sun sake kada kuri'ar amincewa da ikon mallakar mata a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1925 (389 zuwa 140), a ranar 12 ga Yuli 1927 (396 zuwa 94), a ranar 21 ga Maris 1932 (446 zuwa 60), a ranar 1 ga Maris 1935 (453 zuwa 124) da 15 zuwa 30 ga Yuli. A duk lokacin da majalisar dattawa ta dakatar da kudirin. 

Dangane da wannan tsayin daka na Majalisar Dattijai, UFSF ta haɗu tare da mafi yawan masu fafutuka Louise Weiss (1893-1983) na ɗan gajeren lokaci amma gabaɗaya ya kasance matsakaiciya kuma ya ci gaba da aiki tare da abokan tarayya a cikin wakilai. Brunschwicg ya ci gaba da jagorantar UFSF, wanda ya fadada bayan 1922 kuma ta 1928 yana da mambobi 100,000. A cikin 1936 Firayim Léon Blum ya nada Brunschwicg a matsayin sakataren ilimi na kasa. Blum ya gabatar da lissafin zaɓe a 1936, Majalisar Dattijai ta sake katange shi. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu (1939-45) UFSF ba ta aiki. Janar Charles de Gaulle ya ba da izinin mata a 1944, kuma Brunschwicg don haka ya zaɓi kada ya farfado da UFSF. 

 Manazarta 

 Tushe 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba