Frances Swiney

Rosa Frances Emily Swiney ( née Biggs; 21 Afrilu 1847 - 3 ga Mayu 1922) ɗan mata ɗan Burtaniya ne na farko, marubuci kuma masanin tauhidi .

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Rosa Frances Emily Biggs a Poona, Indiya, amma ta shafe yawancin yarinta a Ireland. A cikin 1871 ta auri Major John Swiney (1832-1918), kuma ta sadaukar da kanta don zama mata da uwa ta cikakken lokaci. Swiney ta ƙaura zuwa Cheltenham, Gloucestershire a cikin 1877, wurin da ta bayyana daga baya a rayuwarta a matsayin "garin da ba shi da manufa", inda mijinta ya shiga ta bayan shekaru goma. 

Tun daga shekara ta 1890, Swiney ta kasance mai fafutukar mata, malami, kuma marubuciya a Cheltenham. Ta kafa kungiyar Cheltenham Women's Suffrage Society (Cheltenham WSS) a shekara ta 1896; ta kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar Cheltenhan Food Reform and Health Association; kuma ta ba da lacca a kungiyoyi kamar Cibiyar Tunanin Sama a London, Theosophical lodges, da Ethical Societies. Swiney ta kasance memba na Theosophical Society (TS), Society of Sociological, National Union of Women Workers (NUWW), Eugenics Education Society, Secular Education League, Woman's Freedom League (WFL), da National Woman's Social and Political Union (WSPU), da kuma majalisar reshen mata na International Neo-Malthusian League.

Swiney tana da alaƙa da wasu fitattun mutane na lokacinta, kamar Charlotte Despard, Harriet McIlquham, Charlotte Stopes, Margaret Sibthorpe, Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme-Elmy, da Annie Besant.

Tun daga shekara ta 1910, ƙungiyar League of Isis ce ta buga littattafanta, wanda ta kafa a shekara ta 1909. Ƙungiyar Isis ta yi niyyar kawo "inganta tseren, ta hanyar kiyaye Dokar Halitta ta haifuwa (...) don gina Babban Kai".[1] Wannan kungiya, tare da rubuce-rubucenta, suna nuna zurfin shiga cikin koyarwar tauhidi: imani da juyin halitta na ruhaniya da kuma Uwar Allah (Isis), da kuma tabbacin cewa Theosophy na iya shawo kan iyakokin tsakanin kimiyya da addini.

 Mutuwa 
Swiney ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1922, yana da shekaru 75.

 Theosophy, uwaye da mata 
Ra'ayoyin zamani game da uwaye da tseren sun rinjayi Frances Swiney, mai ilimin tauhidi, mata, da kuma eugenicist.

Kamar sauran 'yan mata a wannan lokacin, ta sauya mummunan ma'anar mace da uwaye kuma ta yi amfani da shi don jayayya ta kanta, don yin gwagwarmaya don 'yancin mata. Swiney ya yi ikirarin adalci ga mata a matsayin "masu taimakawa wajen samar da dukiyar al'umma da kuma uwaye na tseren".

Matsayin mata na Swiney game da uwaye, kabilanci, da juyin halitta sun kuma rinjayi fassarorin ta na Theosophy. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Swiney ya mayar da hankali kan wani bangare na tunanin theosophical: Divine Feminine, ko Divine Mother, kamar yadda allahiya Isis ta nuna, da rawar da take takawa a cikin tsarin sararin samaniya. A nan, ra'ayoyin tauhidin Swiney sun bambanta da Theosophy na yau da kullun. Wannan shaida ce ga nata, ta sirri, ajanda ta mata a cikin tsarin esoteric.Uwar, to, ita ce Ƙungiyar Maɗaukaki, tana haɗa dukkansu cikin kanta. Ba shi da wahala dalilin da ya sa a cikin jerin abubuwa na har abada a cikin juyin halitta ɗan adam yana farkawa ga gaskiyar Mace Mai Tsarki a halin yanzu na tarihin duniya.  (...) A cikin magana, tseren, har yanzu yana cikin ƙuruciyarsa, ya kori Uwar daga ɗakin yara, kuma rikici da rikici sun mamaye, (...). Rai mai tasowa koyaushe ya san cewa wannan matsanancin sha'awar haɗin kai tare da ka'idar mata dole ne ya zama alamar farko ta zuciya mai sabuntawa.A gare ta, Uwar Allah ita ce hadin kai na abin da ya fi girma, kuma duk fitowa zai fito daga gare ta kuma ya koma gare ta a ƙarshen tsarin sararin samaniya:Domin rai shine ka'idar kirkirar mata a cikin mutum (...). Saboda haka, mace ita ce yanayin ciki na namiji, da mace (...), wakilin mata na Allah.Yanayin mulkin mallaka na Swiney (haɗin kai da na iyali ga Indiya ta Burtaniya) ya rinjayi ra'ayinta da fassarar Theosophy kuma, sabili da haka, mata masu ilimin tauhidi. Bugu da ƙari, Theosophy, da esotericism gabaɗaya, an saka su sosai a cikin jawabin Farko na Mata na Burtaniya, kamar yadda yake bayyane musamman ta yawan mata masu ilimin tauhidi.

 Rubuce-rubuce 

 Alkawarin Mata marasa izini (Cheltenham: Shenton, 1896) 
 Farkawar Mata, ko, Sashe na Mata a Juyin Halitta (London: George Redway, 1899) 
 Tsarin sararin samaniya ko Ka'idar Mata a cikin Juyin Halitta (London: Ernest Bell, 1906) 
 Bar na Isis (London: The Open Road Publishing, 1907) 
 Asirin da'irar da Gicciye (London: Open Road Publ., 1908) 
 Koyarwar Esoteric na Gnostics (London: Yellon, Williams & Co., 1909) 
 Rashin guba na launin fata (Cheltenham: League of Isis, 1910-12) 
 Matsalolin launin fata (Cheltenham: League of Isis, 1910-14) 
 Mata da Dokar Halitta (London: C.W. Daniel, 1912) 
 Ayyukan Uba (Cheltenham: League of Isis, 1912) 
 'Yan uwa mata na Indiya', Pamphlets na Racial No. 12 (Cheltenham: League of Isis ko Dokar Uwar, 1914) 
 Hanyar Dā, ko, Ci gaban Rai (London: Bell and Sons,1918) 

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1847
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1922
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba