Alma Dolens

Teresita Pasini (née dei Bonfatti, 1869 - 1948), wanda aka fi sani da sunanta Alma Dolens, sananniyar mai zaman lafiya ce ta Italiya, mai ba da izini, kuma 'ɗan jarida. "Alma dolens" haɗuwa ce ta Latin alma ma'anar "rai" ko "zuciya" tare da Latin participle dolens ma'anar" ko "mai baƙin ciki"; ana iya fassara sunan a matsayin "zuciya mai baƙin ciki" ko "duciya mai nauyi", kuma ana zaton yana nufin jin daɗin da ke kewaye da militarism da yaƙi.

 Rayuwa ta mutum 
An haifi Alma Dolens a cikin wani iyali mai arziki na Umbrian a shekara ta 1876. Iyalinta sun kasance sanannun a cikin ƙungiyar hadin kan Italiya, inda suka goyi bayan Giuseppe Garibaldi . Alma Dolens ta auri lauya daga Milan, wanda ke goyon bayan aikinta.

Alma Dolens ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Lombardy na Mata da 'Yancin Ma'aikata. Ta yi magana a taron zaman lafiya na kasa a cikin 1909 da 1910, ta tabbatar da rawar da ta taka a cikin ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta Italiya da maza suka mamaye. Ta yi imanin cewa mata sun zama dole don ci gaban zamantakewa, kuma cewa rashin mata a cikin yunkurin zaman lafiya na Italiya da kuma cikin siyasa gaba ɗaya yana da lahani. Dolens kuma ya kasance mai karfi mai goyon bayan ƙirƙirar alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta Italiya da Kungiyoyin kwadago. Ta kirkiro Società per la pace femminile (Mutanen Mata don Zaman Lafiya), kuma ta yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin tsakiyar Italiya don ƙirƙirar kwamitocin gida a ciki. Ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ƙarfe don ƙirƙirar Associazione nazionale pro arbitrate da disarmo (Workers' Society for Arbitration and Disarmament) a Milan, wanda ke da kusan mambobi 700 a farkon shekarun 1910.

Yaƙin Italo-Turkiyan 191 ya kawo karshen yunkurin zaman lafiya, ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin waɗanda suka ji cewa ya kamata su goyi bayan yaƙin da waɗanda ba su goyi ba. Dolens ya fadi a cikin rukuni na ƙarshe, yana yaƙi a fili game da yaƙin kuma yana kira ga ƙungiyoyi a cikin Amurka da Switzerland don tallafin kuɗi don ba da damar masu zaman lafiya su sake fasalin. Ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin 1911 da 1912, amma ƙungiyar masu zaman lafiya ta Italiya ta fadi gaba ɗaya, kuma an dakatar da Dolens daga yin magana a bainar jama'a a Italiya na waɗannan shekaru biyu. Ta mayar da hankalinta a wasu wurare, tana rubutu game da yanayin rayuwa ga ƙananan ɗalibai a biranen Italiya. A wani taron zaman lafiya a Budapest a 1913, Dolens ta sadu kuma ta yi abota da Rosika Schwimmer, wani mai zaman lafiya da kuma sufragist. Ta kuma koma yin magana a abubuwan da suka faru a jam'iyya a 1913, wani lokacin tare da Margherita Sarfatti .

A shekara ta 1914, Dolens ya halarci tarurruka game da yakin da ke gabatowa a Turai wanda Ofishin Zaman Lafiya na Duniya da The Hague suka shirya. Ita da Rosalia Gwiss-Adami sun kasance wakilan masu zaman lafiya na Italiya zuwa taron 31 ga Yuli a Brussels, taron da ya zama ƙoƙari na ƙarshe na guje wa yaƙin. A duk lokacin yakin, ta yi aikin agaji ga iyalai waɗanda aka kore su daga gidajensu ta hanyar yakin a cikin Austria-Hungary. Bayan karshen Yakin Italo-Turki, ta yi tafiya ta Belgium don yin lacca. Ganin lalacewar daga yaƙin ya sake tabbatar da imanin ta game da zaman lafiya, kuma ta ce a cikin ɗayan laccocinta "maƙiya ba ta kan iyaka ba; duk a kusa da mu: talauci ne, tarin fuka, rashin aikin yi. Magani ga waɗannan cututtukan shine ƙarshen makamai masu tsada da tsada. Ta nace cewa ya kamata doka ta buƙaci ƙasashe su sulhuta a lokacin yaƙi.

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Dolens ta tafi zama a gidan wani aboki mai zaman kansa, Gilberto Gilioli da matarsa Myrthe Ripamonti, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1948.

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya
 Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869