Dokar Haramta Bautar da Mutane ta 1833

Dokar Haramta Bautar Da Mutane ta 1833 (Slavery Abolition Act 1833) wata doka ce da majalisar dokokin Birtaniya ta amince da ita domin kawo ƙarshen bautar da mutane a yawancin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Daular Biritaniya. Wannan doka ce ta tarihi wadda ta kawo ɗayan muhimman sauye-sauye a tarihin kare 'yancin ɗan Adam.

An zartar da dokar a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1833, kuma ta fara aiki ne a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1834. Wannan doka ce ta gaba bayan dokar hana cinikin bayi na 1807, wadda ta hana safarar bayi amma ba ta haramta bautar kai tsaye ba.

 Asalin dokar 
A cikin ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19, bautar bayi ta zama ruwan dare a sassan duniya da dama, musamman a yankunan Karibiyan, Afirka ta Yamma, da Amurka. A wancan lokacin, Daular Biritaniya na da matuƙar hannu a cinikin bayi, inda aka kwashe miliyoyin mutane daga Afirka zuwa turakun bayi a ƙasashen Yammacin kogin Indiesda sauran wuraren gona.Peter P. Inks, John R. Michigan, R. Owen Williams (2007) Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition, p. 643. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007Law, Liberty and the Constitution – A Brief History of the Common Law, by Harry Potter; (1827) 2 Hag Adm 94 .Simon Schama, Rough Crossings (London: BBC Books, 2005), p. 61. 

Sai dai da zuwan ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da suka hada da:

 William Wilberforce
 Thomas Clarkson
 Granville Sharp

Ana ta ƙara matsin lamba ga gwamnati da majalisa don kawo ƙarshen wannan dabi'a ta bautar bayi. Fafutukar ta daɗe tana gudana har zuwa lokacin da aka samu rinjaye a majalisa.

 Abubuwan da dokar ta ƙunsa 
Wannan doka ta 1833 ta tanadi abubuwa da dama, ciki har da:

 Haramta bautar bayi a duk faɗin Daular Biritaniya (sai dai wasu yankuna kamar Indiya)
 Sakin bayi fiye da miliyan 800,000 daga ƙasashen Caribbean, Afirka, da Kanada
 Bai wa masu bayi diyya – gwamnati ta ware £20 miliyan don biyan diyya ga masu bayi saboda asarar "dukiyarsu"
 Bayin da aka sako sai sun ci gaba da aiki kamar apprentices (masu koyon aiki) tsawon wasu shekaru kafin su zama 'yan ƙasa na gaskiya

 Yankunan da dokar ta shafa 
Wannan doka ta shafi yawancin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Daular Biritaniya, kamar:

 Jamaika
 Barbados
 Trinidad da Tobago
 Bahamas
 Cape Colony (Afirka ta Kudu)
 Mauritius
 Kanada
 da wasu sassan Afirka ta Yamma inda Biritaniya ke da iko

 Tasiri a Biritaniya da Daular Biritaniya 
Dokar haramta bautar mutane ta 1833 ta kawo gagarumin sauyi a tarihin Biritaniya da Daular ta:

 Bayi sun samu 'yanci da 'yancin kai
 Masu bayi sun karɓi diyya, ba bayi ba
 Gwamnatin Biritaniya ta cika da bashi saboda wannan diyya (an gama biyan bashin a 2015)
 An kafa sabbin dokoki don hana ci gaba da amfani da bayi ta boyayyen hanya
 Sakamakon dokar ya ƙarfafa gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai a wasu ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin mallakar Turawa

 Hanyoyin da gwamnati ta bi wajen aiwatar da dokar 
Gwamnatin Biritaniya ta kafa jami’an sa ido don tabbatar da cewa masu gonaki da sauran masu bayi sun sako bayin da ke hannunsu. Haka kuma an kafa rundunar ruwa domin hana sabbin cinikin bayi, musamman daga yankin Afirka zuwa Amurka.

 Bambanci da dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807 
Dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807 (Slave Trade Act 1807) ta hana safarar bayi amma ba ta haramta mallakar bayi ba. Wannan ya sa masu bayi suka ci gaba da amfani da bayi da ke hannunsu. Amma dokar 1833 ta kai ga haramta bautar gaba ɗaya da sakin bayi.

 Ƙalubale da suka biyo baya 
 Masu bayi da dama sun nuna rashin jin daɗi, musamman a yankin Caribbean
 Wasu bayi da aka sako ba su da ilimi ko ƙwarewar da za su dogara da kansu
 A wasu yankuna, an ci gaba da amfani da tsoffin bayi ta hanyoyin danniya kamar da

 Harsashin cigaban kare hakkin ɗan adam 
Dokar 1833 ta zama harsashin cigaban dokoki da yarjejeniyoyi na duniya kamar:

 Yarjejeniyar Geneva
 Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
 International Labour Organization – dokokin kare ma’aikata

 Duba kuma 

 Manazarta 
 Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves. Houghton Mifflin, 2005.
 Drescher, Seymour. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
 BBC Hausa. “Yadda Biritaniya ta haramta bautar bayi a 1833.” 2022.
 British Parliament Archives. Slavery Abolition Act 1833.

 Hanyoyin waje 
 Dokar Slavery Abolition Act 1833 a hukumance
 National Archives - Tarihin Bautar Bayi a Biritaniya
 BBC Hausa - Labarai kan tarihin bayi

category:Mulkin mallaka
category:Tarihin Biritaniya
category:Bautar Bayi
category:1833
category:Dokoki
category:'Yancin ɗan Adam
Rukuni:Bauta a Afirka