Teresa Rebull

Teresa Rebull, née Teresa Soler da Pi (1919-2015), ta kasance mai fafutukar gurguzu na Catalonia, mawaƙiya kuma mai zane. Yarinyar anarcho-syndicalists  da Balbina Pi da Sanllehy, ta shiga POUM kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain . Ta shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a ranakun Mayu kuma an hukunta ta saboda hakan. Daga baya ta tsere daga Spain, inda za ta iya fuskantar haɗari daga Stalinists da Francoists, ga Faransa. A Faransa, za ta shiga Maquis bayan mamayar Nazi. Bayan yakin, ta zama mawaƙa kuma an haɗa ta da Nova Cançó .

 Tarihin rayuwa 

 Yaronta 
An haifi Teresa Rebull a Carrer de Cellers, a cikin unguwar Gràcia ta Sabadell a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1919, kodayake Registry ta yi kuskure ta bayyana cewa an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Satumba. [1] Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 3, iyalin suka tafi zama a Sant Boi na Llobregat, inda aka haifi' yar'uwarta, Llibertat, a shekarar 1922. A shekara ta 1924 sun zauna a Alkoy, inda aka haifi 'yar'uwarta ta biyu, Assutzena. Sun tafi zama a Barcelona, a La Bordeta da kuma a Sant Boi kuma, kafin su koma Barcelona. Sun zauna a kan Carrer de la Diputació, inda ta ga yawancin shugabannin kungiyar kwadago na lokacin da ke wucewa. Daga 1930 zuwa 1936, iyalin suka koma Sabadell, inda suka zauna a gidaje daban-daban. Ta tafi makarantar Mista Estruch, a kan Carrer del Sol, kuma a makarantar ma'aurata Carme Simó da . A shekara ta 1931, lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12, Teresa ta fara aiki a masana'antar masana'antu, don haka dole ne ta yi karatu da maraice, da farko a Tarayyar Jamhuriyar Tarayya  sannan kuma a Cibiyar Dependents.

 Lokacin Jamhuriyar Republican 
Mahaifiyarta abokiyar Shugaba Lluis Companys ce kuma a cikin 1936 Teresa ta sami aiki a matsayin sakatariya a sashen ma'aikata na Generalitat de Catalunya.[9] Tare da wannan sabon aikin, ta zauna a cikin wani gida a kan Carrer de Sant Pau a Barcelona, inda ta sadu da Manolo Maurin, Josep Rebull da sauran mayakan jam'iyyar Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), inda ta zama memba a 1936.[11] A ranar 19 ga Yulin 1936, ta zauna a Sabadell don aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta koma Barcelona kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a Ma'aikatar Kwadago. Saboda ranakun Mayu na 1937, iyayenta - wadanda kwanan nan suka zauna a Barcelona - an tilasta musu barin gida saboda bambance-bambance na siyasa da kwaminisanci. A sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru, ta kwashe kwanaki 8 a gidan yarin Via Laietana, amma an sake ta saboda godiya ga shiga tsakani na kwaminisanci Rafael Vidiella. Iyayenta da 'yan uwanta mata sun ɓoye a Palafolls. Rikicin kusan yana nufin ƙarshen POUM kuma ya taɓa shi sosai:  An kashe shugaban POUM Andreu Nin kuma Teresa ta kalli abokinta Manolo Maurin ta mutu a gado a Asibitin Sant Pau a Barcelona. 

 Ayyukan Franco da gudun hijira 
Da zarar an rushe POUM kuma bayan ganin abokan aikinta sun mutu, a cikin bazara na 1939, ta gudu zuwa Vic - inda ta sadu da abokin aikinta,  . Daga nan sai ta haye Pyrenees zuwa Arewacin Catalonia, kafin ta tashi daga Perpignan zuwa Paris, inda ta zauna a Bezons tare da Pep Rebull . A shekara ta 1940, ta koma Barcelona a takaice, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa a kamfanin flamenco kuma inda ta kuma yi aiki a wani shago a Mercat de Gràcia .  A shekara ta 1941, ta haye iyaka da ƙafa don sake haduwa a Paris tare da Pep Rebull, wanda bai iya dawowa ba saboda an same shi. Teresa kuma ta koma Barcelona don tallafa wa mahaifinta, wanda aka daure shi. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ta sake tsallaka iyaka da dare tare da fil biyu. Ta tafi daga Figueres zuwa Algiers kuma ta zauna a Marseille, daga inda ta sami damar yin ƙaura zuwa Amurka godiya ga Kwamitin Amurka don Taimaka wa Masu Ilimi Masu Shige da Fice. Amma tana da ciki kuma ta zauna a Marseille, inda ta yi abota da masu ilimin Faransa kamar André Breton da Jean Malaquais. A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1942, an haifi ɗanta na fari, Daniel, a Regussa, inda ta yi aiki tare da Maquis waɗanda suka ɓoye a cikin gandun daji na Pelenc  kuma inda suka zauna har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin.  A ranar 29 ga Yulin 1945, an haifi ɗansu na biyu, Germinal, a Marseille, inda suka zauna har zuwa 1948. Iyalin sun zauna a Paris, a cikin 11th arrondissement. A can, Teresa ta yi abota da Jean Paul Sartre, Albert Camus da Georges Brassens, sun gano Juliette Gréco, Boris Vian, Mario Vargas Llosa da Jorge Luis Borges. Ta kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a  , inda ta raira waƙa a Orpheon kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A shekara ta 1950, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Spain a gudun hijira. Ta yi ayyuka daban-daban don tsira: mai yin takalma, mai rawa a cikin ballet La Bella de Cádiz da mawaƙa Luis Mariano, mai sayar da 'ya'yan itace, mai fassara waƙoƙin gargajiya na Iberian, da sauransu. A shekara ta 1952, 'yar'uwarta Assutzena ta tafi Paris kuma tare suka kafa duo, Les Seurs Soler, wanda har zuwa ƙarshen shekaru goma ya raira waƙoƙi daga al'adu daban-daban na tsibirin kuma ya yi aiki tare da Brassens, Yves Montand, Leny Escudero, Patachou, da sauransu. Daga 1961 zuwa 1967, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa ga mujallu Preuves da Cuadernos  - ƙwararre a cikin batutuwa a Latin Amurka -  kuma ta shiga hulɗa da yawancin malaman Faransa da Kudancin Amurka. A wannan lokacin, ta fara karɓar darussan zane a gidan André Michael, aikin da ba za ta daina yin ba har sai mutuwarsa. A shekara ta 1967, ta fara aiki a Regne Renault, amma ba ta daɗe a can ba.

 Sabuwar Waƙar 
A shekara ta 1968, ta sadu da Raimon a birnin Paris kuma Rebull ta sami mujallu inda ta yi aiki don yin hira da shi. A bikin littafin da Casal de Catalunya ta shirya, tare da Raimon, Maria Aurèlia Capmany da   a cikin halarta, Teresa Rebull ta raira waƙa biyu. Amma wasan kwaikwayo na farko da ta bayar shi ne na kai tsaye a Place de la Contrescarpe, a cikin gundumar Bohemian na Moufetard a Paris, inda wasu matasa suka nemi ta yi. Daga can, ta fara gudanar da kide-kide don kare Harshen Catalan da al'adu har zuwa 1980.

Daga 1955, dangin Rebull sun yi bazara a Banyuls de la Marenda, don kasancewa kusa da iyaka. A shekara ta 1969, Art February ya faru a La Guingueta d'Ix, inda ta raira waƙa tare da Lluís Llach,  , Ovidi Montllor, Maria del Mar Bonet da  , da sauransu. Ita ce hulɗarta ta farko da ƙungiyar Nova Cançó  kuma, kamar yadda ta riga ta kai shekaru 50 kuma sahabbansa suna da ƙuruciya sosai, ta sami sunan soyayya na Avia de la Nova Cançó (Turanci: Kakar Sabuwar Waƙar).  Ta raira waƙa na ɗan lokaci a   a Barcelona, inda ta sadu da  . A Faransa, ta shiga da'irar Maison de la Jeunesse et la Culture kuma ta yi aiki a kusan dukkanin sassan hexagon.[35] Ta daina raira waƙa a cikin 1980, kawai tana yin wasa-lokaci. Koyaya, a ranar 6 ga Yulin 2006, Òmnium Cultural ta shirya kide-kide na haraji a Palau de la Música Catalana, inda ba ta taɓa yin wasan ba har sai lokacin. An samar da CD Visca l'amor daga kide-kide. Ta kasance tare da ƙungiyar abokai, ciki har da Lluís Llach, Maria del Mar Bonet,  ,  ,  ,  , Mariona Segarra ko   .

 Shekaru na ƙarshe 
Daga 1969 zuwa 1985, ta halarci kowace shekara a Jami'ar bazara ta Catalonia a Prada de Conflent .  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Socialists ta Catalonia (PSC) kuma ta kasance memba har zuwa shekara ta 2006. An kafa ta a Banyuls tun 1971 - lokacin da Pep Rebull ta yi ritaya - ta shafe 'yan shekarun da suka gabata tana zanen gida da halartar abubuwan da aka nema ta. Ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2015, tana da shekaru 95. 

 Ayyuka 
Teresa Rebull ta saita waƙoƙin kiɗa ta Joan Salvat-Papasseit (Master of Love, 1977),   (Camí de l'argilada, 1986) da Maria Mercè Marçal, da sauransu. A shekara ta 1999, ta wallafa Tot cantante, tarihin rayuwarta. A shekara ta 2000, ta fitar da kundin Tot cantitan kuma a shekara ta 2006, Visca l'amor, wanda ya ɗauki sunan waka mai suna, wanda aka haɗa a cikin kundin, ta Joan Salvat-Papasseit .

 Tarihin kansa

 Dukkanin mawaƙa (1999) 

 Bayanan da aka yi

 Teresa Rebull (EP, Concèntric, 1969).
 Teresa Rebull ta rera waƙoƙinta. A cikin 4 Winds, 1973.
 Mester d'amor / Joan Salvat Papasseit (LP, Drums, 1977) 
 Kayan zuma... da ƙari  (LP, Picap, 1984).
 Hanyar laka (1986) 
 Waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da Catalan (Terra nostra, 2002).
 Teresa Rebull. Waƙoƙi, 1969-1992 (Waƙoƙin Arewa-Kudanci, 2004)  (Waƙoƙin Arewa da Kudu, 2004) 
 Yana da ƙauna. Bikin girmamawa ga Teresa Rebull (Picap, 2006)  (A cikin littafin nan Picap, 2006) 
 Papallones da sauransu...  (A cikin littafin nan Pica, 2008) 
 Teresa Rebull ta rera waƙoƙinta (Picap, 2012).

 Kyaututtuka da yabo 
Teresa Rebull, a gaban zanen karshe da ta zana.

 1977: Kyautar Charles-Cros don kundin ta Mester d'amor . 
 1992: Cross na Sant Jordi.
 2006: Òmnium Cultural ta shirya haraji don girmama ta a ranar 6 ga Yuli a Palau de la Música Catalana, inda ta sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo a karo na farko tun lokacin da ta yi ritaya.
 2007:  , don kare harshen Catalan da al'adu.
 Majalisar Birnin Sabadell ta gabatar da ita da Medal of the City.

 manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 


 Haɗin waje 

 Waƙoƙin BBC
 Libcom.org
 Albokari2
 Jaridar Catalonia
Rukuni:Matattun 2015
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919