Tsaron da ake bama Ruwa

Manufar tsaron ruwa ita ce amfani da mafi yawan fa'idodin ruwa ga mutane da muhallin halittu. Buri na biyu shine a iyakance kasadar illolin ruwa zuwa matakin karbuwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Sadoff-2020-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Grey-2007-2 Waɗannan hatsarori sun haɗa da misali da ruwa mai yawa ( ambaliya), ƙarancin ruwa ( fari da ƙarancin ruwa) ko rashin ingancin ruwa ( gurɓataccen ruwa. Mutanen da ke zaune tare da babban matakin tsaro na ruwa ko da yaushe suna samun damar samun "yawanci da ingancin ruwa mai karɓuwa don lafiya, rayuwa da samarwa". Misali, samun ruwa, tsaftar muhalli da ayyukan tsafta, wani bangare ne na tsaron ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-REACH-2020-3
Wasu kungiyoyi suna amfani da kalmar tsaron ruwa da ƙunci don abubuwan samar da ruwa kawai.

Masu yanke shawara da masu kula da ruwa suna nufin cimma burin tsaron ruwa wanda ke magance matsalolin da yawa. Waɗannan sakamakon na iya haɗawa da haɓaka jin daɗin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa yayin rage haɗarin da ke da alaƙa da ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Hoekstra-4 Akwai alaƙa da ciniki tsakanin sakamako daban-daban. Masu tsarawa sukan yi la'akari da tasirin tsaro na ruwa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban lokacin da suke tsara dabarun rage sauyin yanayi.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Murgatroyd-2021-5

Manyan abubuwa guda uku ne ke tabbatar da yadda al’umma ke da wahala ko kuma cikin sauki wajen kiyaye tsaron ruwanta. Waɗannan sun haɗa da muhallin ruwa, yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kuma canje-canje na gaba saboda tasirin sauyin yanayi. Masu yanke shawara na iya tantance haɗarin tsaro na ruwa a matakai daban-daban. Waɗannan sun bambanta daga gida zuwa al'umma, birni, ruwa, ƙasa da kuma yanki.

Kishiyar tsaron ruwa shine rashin tsaro.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-UNICEF-2021-6 Rashin tsaro na ruwa babbar barazana ce ga al'umma.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Gleick-2020-7 Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin tsaro na ruwa sune ƙarancin ruwa, gurɓataccen ruwa da ƙarancin ingancin ruwa saboda tasirin canjin yanayi. Sauran sun haɗa da talauci, rugujewar ruwa, da bala'o'i da suka samo asali daga haɗarin yanayi. Sauyin yanayi yana shafar tsaron ruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa. Canza yanayin ruwan sama, gami da fari, na iya yin babban tasiri kan samun ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya cutar da ingancin ruwa. Guguwa mai ƙarfi na iya lalata ababen more rayuwa, musamman a Kudancin Duniya.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Caretta-2022-8

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don magance rashin tsaro na ruwa.
Hanyoyi na kimiyya da injiniya na iya haɓaka samar da ruwa ko sanya amfani da ruwa ya fi dacewa. Kayan aikin kuɗi da na tattalin arziki na iya haɗawa da hanyar tsaro don tabbatar da samun dama ga matalauta. Kayan aikin gudanarwa irin su buƙatun buƙatun na iya inganta tsaro na ruwa. Suna aiki akan ƙarfafa cibiyoyi da kwararar bayanai. Hakanan za su iya inganta kula da ingancin ruwa, da kuma ƙara saka hannun jari a ababen more rayuwa na ruwa. Wadannan yunƙurin na taimakawa wajen rage talauci da samun ci gaba mai dorewa.

Babu wata hanya ɗaya don auna amincin ruwa. Ma'aunin tsaro na ruwa ya faɗi kusan rukuni biyu. Wannan ya haɗa da waɗanda suka dogara akan gogewa da ma'auni waɗanda suka dogara akan albarkatu. Na farko ya fi mayar da hankali kan auna abubuwan ruwa na gidaje da jin daɗin ɗan adam. Wannan na ƙarshe yakan mayar da hankali kan shagunan ruwa ko tsaro na albarkatun ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Octavianti-2021-9 

Rahoton kimantawa na shida na IPCC ya gano cewa karuwar yanayi da matsanancin yanayi sun fallasa miliyoyin mutane ga matsanancin karancin abinci da rage samar da ruwa. Masana kimiyya sun lura da tasiri mafi girma a Afirka, Asiya, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amirka, Ƙananan Tsibiran da Arctic.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-IPCC-2022-10 Rahoton ya yi hasashen cewa dumamar yanayi ta 2 ° C zai jefa kusan mutane biliyan 1-4 ga matsalar ruwa. Ya gano mutane biliyan 1.5-2.5 na rayuwa a yankunan da ake fama da karancin ruwa.

 Ma'anoni. 
 Faɗin ma'anar. 
Akwai ma'anoni daban-daban na kalmar tsaron ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-UN-Water2-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-WaterAid-12 Ya fito a matsayin ra'ayi a cikin karni na 21st. Ya fi girma fiye da rashin ƙarancin ruwa. Ya bambanta da ra'ayoyin samar da abinci da amincin makamashi. Ganin cewa waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun haɗa da ingantaccen samun abinci ko makamashi, tsaro na ruwa yana rufe ba kawai rashin ruwa ba har ma da kasancewar sa lokacin da yake da yawa.

Ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar tsaro na ruwa shine "tabbataccen samuwa mai yawa da ingancin ruwa don lafiya, abubuwan rayuwa da samarwa, haɗe tare da ingantaccen matakin haɗarin ruwa”.

Irin wannan ma'anar tsaron ruwa ta UN-Water shine:
"ƙarfin yawan jama'a don kiyaye damar samun isasshen ruwa mai inganci mai karɓuwa don dorewar rayuwa, jin dadin jama'a, da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, don tabbatar da kariya daga gurbatar ruwa da bala'o'i masu alaka da ruwa. da kuma kiyaye muhallin halittu a cikin yanayin zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali na siyasa."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-13

Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya kuma ta ba da irin wannan ma'anar a cikin 2020. “Don dalilan wannan rahoto, mun ayyana tsaron ruwa a matsayin karfin al’umma.
 kiyaye dorewar samun isassun ingantaccen ruwa mai inganci don dorewar rayuwa, jin daɗin ɗan adam, da ci gaban tattalin arziki;
 kariya daga gurbatar ruwa da bala'o'in da suka shafi ruwa; kuma.
 kiyaye muhallin halittu, wanda wadatar ruwa mai tsafta da sauran hidimomin halittu suka dogara akansa."

 Ma'anar kunkuntar tare da mai da hankali kan samar da ruwa. 
Wasu kungiyoyi suna amfani da tsaro na ruwa ta wata ma'ana ta musamman don komawa ga samar da ruwa kawai. Ba sa la'akari da haɗarin ruwa mai yawa na ruwa. Misali, ma'anar WaterAid a cikin 2012, ta mayar da hankali kan batutuwan samar da ruwa. Sun ayyana tsaron ruwa a matsayin “tabbatacciyar hanyar samun ruwa isasshe da inganci don buƙatun ɗan adam, kananan sana'o'in rayuwa da ayyukan muhalli na cikin gida, tare da kyakkyawar kulawar hadarin bala'o'i da suka shafi ruwa".
Majalisar Ruwa ta Duniya kuma tana amfani da wannan ƙayyadaddun tsari tare da mai da hankali kan samar da ruwa. a isassun yawa da inganci, don dorewar duk waɗannan buƙatu tare (bangaren zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kuma manyan bukatu na yanayin halittun duniya) – ba tare da wuce karfinsa na sabuntawa ba."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-15

 Dangantaka da WASH da IWRM. 
WASH (ruwa, tsaftar muhalli da tsafta) muhimmin ra'ayi ne yayin da ake tattaunawa game da tsaron ruwa. Samun ayyukan WASH wani bangare ne na samar da tsaron ruwa. Alakar tana aiki duka hanyoyi biyu. Domin samun dorewa, sabis na WASH yana buƙatar magance matsalolin tsaro na ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-WI-2017-16 Misali, WASH ya dogara ne da albarkatun ruwa wadanda ke cikin tsarin ruwan. Amma sauyin yanayi yana da tasiri da yawa akan zagayowar ruwa wanda zai iya yin barazana ga tsaron ruwa. Hakanan ana samun karuwar gasar ruwa. Wannan yana rage wadatar albarkatun ruwa a yankuna da yawa a duniya.

Tsaron ruwa ya haɗa da ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi don yin tare da dorewa, haɗin kai da daidaita tsarin sarrafa albarkatun ruwa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security#cite_note-Varady-2021-17 A da, ƙwararru sun yi amfani da kalmomi kamar haɗaɗɗun albarkatun ruwa (IWRM) ko kula da ruwa mai dorewa don wannan.

 Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa. 
Manazarta.