Vilma Espín

Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois (7 ga Afrilu 1930 - 18 ga Yuni 2007) ta kasance mai juyin juya hali Cuban, mai rajin kare mata, kuma injiniya ce ta sinadarai. Ta taimaka wajen samarwa da shirya 26th of July Movement a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a rassan gwamnatin Cuba da yawa daga ƙarshen juyin juya halin zuwa mutuwarta. Espín ya taimaka wajen gano Tarayyar Mata ta Cuba kuma ya inganta daidaito ga matan Cuba a duk fannoni na rayuwa.

A matsayinta na matar Raúl Castro da surukar Fidel Castro, ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban Cuba na kimanin shekaru 45.

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Vilma Espín Guillois a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1930, a Santiago na Cuba .  Ita 'yar wani lauya ne mai arziƙi na Cuba, Jose Espín da matarsa Margarita Guillois . Tana da 'yan uwa hudu, Nilsa, Iván, Sonia da José. Espín ya halarci Academia Pérez-Peña don makarantar firamare kuma ya yi karatun ballet da waka a Asociación Pro-Arte Cubano a cikin shekarun 1940.  A cikin shekarun 1950, ta yi karatun Injiniyan sunadarai a Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba (ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a Cuba don nazarin wannan batun).  Yayinda take halartar Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, ta buga wasan volleyball, wasan tennis, kuma ta kasance soprano a cikin Kwalejin Jami'ar. A jami'a, Espin ta sadu da malaminta Frank Pais a cikin ƙungiyar jami'a da ake kira Oriente Revolutionary Action (ARO), wanda ke da alhakin harin da aka kai wa barikin Moncada. Bayan kammala karatunta, mahaifinta ya ƙarfafa ta ta halarci MIT a Cambridge, Massachusetts don kammala karatunta na digiri da fatan cewa ziyartar Amurka za ta hana ta shiga cikin aikin gurguzu. Lokacin da ta ƙarshe ta yarda, taƙaitaccen aikinta na ilimi a MIT ya bar ta da ƙiyayya ga Amurka, yayin da ta shiga cikin 26th of July Movement a kan hanyar komawa Cuba ta hanyar Mexico. Espin kawai ya kammala semester daya a MIT.

 Matsayin da ya taka a juyin juya halin Cuba 
Da ta dawo gida, ta kara shiga cikin adawa da mai mulkin kama karya Fulgencio Batista . [1] Taron da ya yi da shugaban juyin juya hali Frank País ya kai ta ga zama jagora na juyin juya halin a lardin Oriente. Espín ya sadu da 'yan uwan Castro waɗanda suka koma Mexico bayan da suka gaza harin da suka kai a kan Moncada Barracks a watan Yulin 1953 kuma suka sake su daga kurkuku a shekarar 1955. Espin ya yi aiki a matsayin manzo tsakanin Julio 26 Movement a Mexico da Pais a Cuba. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da taimakawa masu juyin juya hali a tsaunukan Sierra Maestra bayan dawowar 26th na Yuli Movement zuwa Cuba a kan Jirgin ruwa na Granma a watan Nuwamba 1956.

Ikon Espín na magana da Mutanen Espanya da Ingilishi ya ba ta damar wakiltar juyin juya halin a matakin kasa da kasa. Pepín Bosch, wani zartarwa na Kamfanin Bacardi, ya shirya wani taro tsakanin Sufeto Janar na CIA Lyman Kirkpatrick da wakilan 26th of July Movement a shekara ta 1957. Espín, a matsayinta na shugaban juyin juya hali kuma 'yar wani shugaban Bacardi, ta gaya wa Kirkpatrick cewa masu juyin juya halin kawai suna son "abin da Amurkawa ke da shi: siyasa mai tsabta da tsarin 'yan sanda mai tsabta. "  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara don hira tsakanin mai ba da rahoto na New York Times Herbert Matthews da Fidel Castro a cikin 1957, wanda ya yi amfani da manufa biyu na yada labarai na juyin juya juya halin da kuma tabbatar da Cubans da al'ummar duniya cewa ikirarin Batista game da mutuwar Castro karya ne.

 Matsayi a cikin Tarayyar Mata ta Cuba 
Vilma Espín ta kasance mai goyon bayan daidaiton jinsi a Cuba,  amma ta raba kanta da burin Tarayyar Mata ta Cuba daga al'adun gargajiya na mata, tana dagewa da bayar da shawarwari ga 'mata' ba 'mata' 'mata' bane.  Kasancewarta cikin juyin juya halin ya taimaka wajen canza rawar mata a Cuba kuma a cikin 1960, Espín ta zama shugabar Tarayyar Mata ta Cuba, kuma ta kasance a wannan mukamin har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin 2007. Babban burin kungiyar shine ilimantar da mata, ba su ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don neman aiki mai fa'ida, kuma sama da duka ƙarfafa su su shiga siyasa da tallafa wa gwamnatin juyin juya hali. A shekara ta 1960, lokacin da aka kai hari kan ma'adinan sukari da gonakin kara a duk faɗin Cuba jim kadan kafin mamayewar Bay of Pigs, Tarayyar Mata ta Cuba ta kirkiro Brigades na Magana ta Gaggawa don tattara mata don adawa da juyin juya hali. Gwamnatin Cuban da Tarayyar sun karfafa mata su shiga aikin ma'aikata, har ma sun kai ga wuce Dokar Iyali ta Cuban a 1975, dokar da ta ba da umarnin cewa maza dole ne su taimaka tare da ayyukan gida da kula da yara don sauƙaƙa aikin uwaye masu aiki.

 Matsayi a cikin gwamnatin Cuba 
Espín ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Cuba daga 1965 zuwa 1989.  Ta kuma rike wasu mukamai da yawa a Gwamnatin Cuba, ciki har da shugaban Hukumar Kula da Rigakafin Jama'a daga 1967 zuwa 1971, darektan Ci gaban Masana'antu a Ma'aikatar Abinci a 1969, shugaban Cibiyar Kula da Yara a 1971, kuma memba na Majalisar Jiha ta Cuba a 1976.  Baya ga matsayinta a cikin Cuba, Espín ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Cuba a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . 

Espín ta ɗauki matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Cuba na tsawon shekaru 45, da farko ta ɗauki matsayin surukar Fidel Castro, wanda aka sake shi a lokacin da ya zo mulki. Ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2006 lokacin da mijinta, Raúl Castro, ya zama shugaban kasa. Bugu da ƙari, an ba ta taken "Sakatariyar Gwamnati" a cikin Gwamnatin Cuba . 

Espín ta jagoranci tawagar Cuba zuwa Majalisa ta Tarayyar Mata ta Duniya a Chile a watan Satumbar 1959.  Ta kuma jagoranci wakilan Cuban zuwa Taron Mata na gaba, tana yabon su a matsayin "marasa amfani ga mata a kasashe masu tasowa".

 Iyali 
Espín ta auri Raúl Castro, tsohon Sakatare na farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Cuba, wanda shine ɗan'uwan tsohon Sakataren Farko Fidel Castro. An yi bikin aurensu ne a shekara ta 1959, makonni kadan bayan 26th of July Movement ya samu nasarar hambarar da mai mulkin kama karya Fulgencio Batista .  Tana da 'ya'ya hudu (Deborah, Mariela, Nilsa, da Alejandro Castro Espín) da jikoki takwas. 'Yarta, Mariela Castro, a halin yanzu tana jagorantar Cibiyar Ilimi ta Jima'i ta Cuban, kuma ɗanta, Alejandro Castro Espín, Colonel ne a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida.

 Mutuwa da gado 
Espín ya mutu a Havana da karfe 4:14 na yamma EDT a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2007, biyo bayan dogon rashin lafiya.    An ayyana lokacin makoki na hukuma daga karfe 8 na yamma a ranar 18 ga Yuni har zuwa karfe 10 na yamma a mokolo 19 ga Yuni. An gudanar da bikin jana'izar a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Karl Marx a Havana washegari bayan mutuwarta. Dubban mutanen Cuba sun ba da girmamawa a cikin layin karɓa a Plaza of the Revolution a Havana. Raúl Castro ya kasance a cikin layin karɓa, amma Fidel Castro bai kasance ba. Gwamnatin Cuban ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke yabon ta a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mayakan da suka fi dacewa don 'yancin mata a kasarmu da kuma duniya. "  An ƙone jikinta, kuma ragowarta ta huta a cikin Frank País Mausoleum, Municipio II Frente a lardin Santiago na Cuba, Cuba.  An bude makarantar firamare ta Vilma Espín a Havana a watan Afrilun 2013.  Espin ta kafa Frente Continental de Mujeres Contra la Intervención (Continental Women's Front Against Intervention, FCMCI)  da Cibiyar Yankin Ƙungiyar Demokradiyya ta Duniya ta Mata don Amurka da Caribbean. 

 Bayani 

 Manazarta 





 Haɗin waje 

 Tarihin Maza da Shugabannin Jiha da Gwamnatin Amurka
 Takaitaccen Tarihin Vilma Espin  An adana shi 3 Yuli 2018 a  a Cuba.dk
 http://cubahistory.org/en/corruption-a-coups/attack-on-moncada-barracks.html An adana shi  
 Los Angeles Times
 Labarin mutuwarsa: Vilma Espín Guillois, The Guardian
Rukuni:Matattun 2007
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba