Katharine Burdekin

Katharine Penelope Burdekin (née Cade; 23 ga Yulin 1896 - 10 ga Agusta 1963) marubuciya ce ta Burtaniya wacce ta rubuta almara mai ban mamaki da ta shafi al'amuran zamantakewa da na ruhaniya. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Rowena Cade, mai kirkirar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Minack a Cornwall . An bayyana litattafanta da yawa a matsayin fiction na mata / dystopian. Ta kuma rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan Kay Burdekin kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan Murray Constantine . Daphne Patai ta bayyana ainihin "Murray Constantine" yayin da take yin bincike kan fiction na Utopia da dystopian a tsakiyar shekarun 1980.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Katharine Penelope Burdekin a Spondon, Derbyshire a shekara ta 1896,  ƙarami daga cikin 'ya'ya hudu na Charles Cade. Iyalinta sun zauna a Derby shekaru da yawa kuma kakanninsu sun hada da Joseph Wright na Derby .

Wata mai kula da ita ce ta ilimantar da ita a Gida, The Homestead, sannan daga baya a Kwalejin Mata ta Cheltenham . Mai basira sosai kuma mai son karatu, tana so ta yi karatu a Oxford kamar 'yan uwanta, amma iyayenta ba su yarda da hakan ba. Ta auri mai tuka jirgin ruwa na Olympics kuma lauya Beaufort Burdekin a shekarar 1915. [1] Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Katharine Jayne (an haife ta a shekara ta 1917) da Helen Eugenie (an haifi ta a shekara a shekara ta 1920). [2]

Iyalinta sun koma Ostiraliya, inda Katharine ta fara rubutu. Littafinta na farko, Anna Colquhoun, an buga shi a shekarar 1922. Auren ta ya ƙare a wannan shekarar, kuma ta koma Minack Head don shiga 'yar'uwarta. A shekara ta 1926, ta sadu kuma ta kafa dangantaka ta rayuwa tare da Isobel Allan-Burns . 

 Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce 
Burdekin ya rubuta litattafai da yawa a cikin shekarun 1920. Daga littafinta na farko Anna Colquhoun,  Evening News of Sydney ya lura cewa "ɗaya daga cikin litattafan farko da suka zo hanyarmu na dogon lokaci",  amma daga baya ta ɗauki The Rebel Passion (1929) a matsayin aikinta na farko. The Burning Ring (1927) da The Rebel Passion duka mafarkai ne na tafiye-tafiye na lokaci.

A cikin shekarun 1930 ta rubuta litattafai goma sha uku, shida daga cikinsu an buga su. Abokinta ya bayyana yadda karatun Burdekin mai yawa zai riga ya wuce lokacin shiru na 'yan kwanaki. Daga nan sai ta bayyana ta mika kanta ga rubuce-rubuce kuma za ta rubuta da gangan har sai an kammala shi. Ba ta bayyana don tsara littattafanta ba, kuma an kammala kowane littafi a cikin makonni shida.

Burdekin ya fara amfani da sunan Murray Constantine a 1934. An yi zargin cewa ta ɗauki sunan da ba a sani ba don kare iyalinta daga haɗarin tasirin da hare-hare saboda yanayin siyasa na littafinta da kuma sukar fascism. Ba a san ainihin Murray Constantine ba har sai bayan mutuwar Burdekin.

A cikin Proud Man (1934) Burdekin yana amfani da isowar baƙo mai suna hermaphrodite daga nan gaba don sukar Matsayin jinsi na shekarun 1930. An buga shi a wannan shekarar, The Devil, Poor Devil! wani mafarki ne na satirical game da yadda ikon Iblis ya lalace ta hanyar tunani na zamani.

Burdekin ta wallafa littafin da aka fi sani da ita, Swastika Night (1937), a matsayin Murray Constantine . Da yake nuna nazarin Burdekin game da namiji a cikin Ka'idar Fascist, Swastika Night ya nuna duniya da aka raba tsakanin iko biyu na soja: Nazis da Japan. Burdekin ta yi tsammanin Holocaust kuma ta fahimci haɗarin da Japan mai makamai ta gabatar yayin da yawancin mutane a cikin al'ummarta har yanzu suna tallafawa manufofin sulhu. Wani mai zaman lafiya da ya himmatu ga manufofin kwaminisanci, Burdekin ya watsar da zaman lafiya a 1938 saboda tabbacin cewa dole ne a yi yaƙi da fascism.

Burdekin tana da lokacin bakin ciki a cikin 1938. Abokinta Margaret L. Goldsmith ta yi ƙoƙari ta taimaka ta hanyar ba da kayan bincike game da Marie Antoinette . Sakamakon ya kasance littafi ne na tarihi, Venus in Scorpio, wanda Goldsmith da Burdekin suka rubuta (a matsayin 'Murray Constantine'). 

Ta rubuta wasu litattafai shida bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, babu wanda aka buga a rayuwarta. Wadannan litattafan sun nuna alkawurran mata da suka zama na ruhaniya. Rubutun da ba a buga ba, The End of This Day's Business, The Feminist Press ne ya buga shi a New York a cikin 1989;  takwaransa ne ga Swastika Night kuma yana tunanin makomar da ke nesa inda mata ke mulki da maza ba su da iko.  Wannan hangen nesa kuma ya fuskanci zargi na Burdekin; ba ta da haƙuri da abin da ta kira "canjin gata" kuma tana da burin makomar da za a shawo kan mulkin kanta a ƙarshe.

Ta rubuta littattafan yara da yawa, ciki har da The Children's Country (mai taken St John's Eve kafin a buga shi a Amurka) game da yaro da yarinya waɗanda suka shiga duniyar sihiri inda yara suka fi girma iko.

Burdekin ya mutu a 1963. Tare da karuwar sha'awar fiction na mata a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, aikinta ya kasance abin da aka fi mai da hankali ga masana. Yawancin bayanai na farko game da ita sun fito ne daga binciken Daphne Patai. Patai ya gano cewa Burdekin ya rubuta Swastika Night da sauran almara na mata a cikin shekarun 1930 wanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan Murray Constantine. Patai ta kuma shiga cikin sake bugawa.

 Bayanan littattafai 
+TakenShekarar da aka bugaSunan da ba a sani baBayaniAnna Colquhoun1922Fata Mai Ma'ana1924Zob din Mai Ƙonewa1927Ƙasar Yara1929Kay BurdekinƘaunar Tawaye1929Hanyoyin da ba su da kwanciyar hankali1930Shaidan, Talakaccen Shaidan1934Murray ConstantineMutumin Girma1934Murray ConstantineAn sake buga shi a ƙarƙashin sunanta na ainihi a 1993Dare na Swastika1937Murray ConstantineAn sake buga shi a ƙarƙashin sunanta na ainihi a 1985Venus a cikin Scorpio1940Murray ConstantineTare da Margaret Goldsmith Ƙarshen Kasuwancin Wannan Ranar1989

 Manazarta 

 Tushen 

 BookRags
 Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 225, British Fantasy and Science-Fiction Writers, 1918-1960 (wanda Darren Harris-Fain ya shirya, 2002).

 Haɗin waje 

 Rubutun Littattafan Encyclopedia akan Katherine Burdekin
 Ayyukan Murray Constantine a Merril Collection of Science Fiction, Speculation & Fantasy (Toronto Public Library) 
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1963
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba