Edna Molewa

Bomo Edith Edna Molewa (23 Maris 195722 Satumba 2018), wacce aka fi sani da Edna Sethema, 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . Molewa ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 31 ga Oktoban 2010, a wani bangare na sake fasalin majalisar ministocin da shugaba Jacob Zuma ya yi. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2014 an raba ma'aikatarta kuma aka nada ta ministar kula da muhalli. Ta gaji Buyelwa Sonjica .  Kafin rasuwarta, Molewa tana karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a cikin Nazarin Ci gaba ta Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu .  name="bio">

 Sana'ar siyasa 
Molewa ya shiga cikin yunkurin 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu daga 1976 zuwa 1990. A lokacin ta kasance memba a kungiyoyi daban-daban masu fafutuka da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yanki.  name="bio">"Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa". Department of Environmental Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2018. Tun daga shekarar 1984 ta zama shugabar kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar.  A 1994 Molewa ta zama mace ta farko shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan ciniki da masana'antu, kuma a cikin 1996 ta ci gaba da zama mamba a majalisar zartarwa kan yawon shakatawa, muhalli da kiyayewa.  

Har ila yau, ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Zartarwa kan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Yawon shakatawa daga 1998 zuwa 2000.   Tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2004 Molewa ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa kan Harkokin Noma, Kare da Muhalli.A ranar 30 ga Afrilun 2004, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Firimiya a gwamnatin lardin Arewa maso Yamma, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekarar 2009, kuma ana ganin ta sanya lardin kan hanya mai nasara. "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa". Department of Environmental Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2018.  A cikin kankanin lokaci aka nada Molewa a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Jama’a, amma a shekarar 2010 ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli bayan wani sauyi a majalisar ministocin kasar, inda ya maye gurbin Buyelwa Sonjica .   A cikin Mayu 2014, sashen ya rabu kuma Molewa ta zama minista na sabon Sashen Kula da Muhalli, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin Satumba 2018. 

Molewa kuma ta kasance shugabar harkokin sadarwa na kungiyar mata ta African National Congress Women's League tsakanin 2013 zuwa 2015, kuma memba a majalisar zartarwa ta kungiyar tun 2003. "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa". Department of Environmental Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2018.

 Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli 
Tun daga lokacin da Molewa ta karbi mukaminta na Ministar Muhalli ta yi aiki don ciyar da tsarin kula da karkanda gaba daya ta hanyar wasu yunƙuri na kiyayewa da majalisar ministocin shugaban ƙasa ta amince.  Daga cikin yunƙurin da ta jagoranta, akwai shirye-shiryen canja wuri, shirin yaƙi da farautar dabbobi, sayar da karkanda ga kadarori masu zaman kansu, haɗin gwiwar jami'an tsaro a kowane mataki, da ƙoƙarin bin ka'idojin CITES kan gano tsiro da namun daji da ake fataucinsu.  Gwamnatin Molewa ta goyi bayan bincike kan ingancin halatta cinikin kahon karkanda na kasa da kasa tare da fara shirye-shiryen mayar da karkanda daga wuraren da ke da hatsarin gaske zuwa wuraren da ba su da hadari a cikin kasa da kuma na duniya, da kuma sayar da farar karkanda sama da 200 ga masu saye.   Sai dai kuma an soke shirin sayar da karkanda daga Kruger National Park zuwa wuraren ajiyar wasa masu zaman kansu a karshen shekarar 2014 bayan da aka gano cewa wasu daga cikin masu son siyan sun kasance ma'abota ajiyar farauta.   An zargi daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun saye da yin huldar kasuwanci da Dawie Groenewald wanda aka kama a Amurka bisa laifin karkatar da kudade da kuma sayar da farautar farautar farautar namun daji, kuma an kama shi a shekarar 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da kashe karkanda ba bisa ka'ida ba.   

Molewa ya kuma sanar da cewa, kwamitin mai mambobi 22 zai yanke shawarar ko zai bada shawarar sayar da kahon karkanda mai nauyin metric ton 21 na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu.  Abubuwan da za a yi la’akari sun haɗa da ko za a sayar da haja gaba ɗaya ta hanyar siyar da gwamnati ga gwamnati ko kuma a kai ƙarar siyar da ita kai tsaye ga masu saye, matakin da masana kimiyyar muhalli suka yi ta suka da cewa ba shi da amfani.    Masu rajin kare muhalli sun yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayin cinikin karkanda yana da kurakurai kuma zai iya ƙara yawan buƙata.   Akwai kuma fargabar cewa kudaden da aka samu daga sayar da kahon karkanda da gwamnati ke rike da su za a yi amfani da su ko kuma a kaucewa sa ido da gwamnati ta saba yi na kashe kudadenta kamar yadda ake ikirari a kan kudaden da aka samu daga cinikin giwayen giwaye da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu sau daya. 

Har ila yau a karkashin jagorancin Molewa harkokin muhalli sun sha suka kan rashin fitar da rahoton kwata-kwata a shekarar 2015 game da farautar karkanda ko kama wadanda ake zargi da farautar karkanda.   Duk da cewa ministar ta sha nanata cewa ma’aikatar kula da muhalli ta jajirce wajen samar da bayanai akai-akai kan halin da ake ciki na farautar karkanda a Afirka ta Kudu,  ta kasa kiyaye wannan jadawali kuma ta fitar da rahotanni na shekara biyu kawai, bayan da ta yi musu lakabi a kowace shekara. rahotanni.  A cikin wata hira da Molewa ya bayyana cewa za a samu cikakken bayani game da nasarar kamawa da yanke hukunci daga hukumomin guda ɗaya.  Rahotannin baya-bayan nan sun nuna adadin farautar karkanda a duk shekara yana karuwa duk da kokarin jami’an tsaro da harkokin muhalli. 

A cikin 2015 kungiyoyin kare muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu sun soki shawarar Molewa na ba da izinin yin watsi da hayaki na wucin gadi ga babbar kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Afirka ta Kudu Eskom da Sasol, Anglo American Platinum da wasu kamfanoni da dama.  Keɓancewa na shekaru da yawa sun ba da izinin Eskom, Sasol, Royal Dutch Shell, da sauransu don jinkirta aiwatar da kayan aikin rage hayaƙi wanda zai ba su damar cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa kaɗan don ingancin iska wanda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu.   Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da particulate al'amurran da suka shafi rage watsi matsayin an saita su a wurin ta Afrilu 2015.  Ministan Muhalli Molewa ya bayyana a watan Fabrairun 2015 cewa dage sake fasalin zai ba da dama ga masana'antu don daukar matakan da suka dace da kuma sake fasalin shukar su don ba su damar bin ka'idoji nan gaba kadan, tare da tabbatar da cewa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba zai kawo cikas ba. ." 

 Ƙimar kashin zaki na fitarwa 
A cikin Janairu 2017 Molewa ya buɗe taron tuntuɓar jama'a don amincewa da kason kwarangwal na zaki na 800 na fitarwa na shekara-shekara daga masana'antar zakin zaki (CLB) da za a yi amfani da shi a Asiya azaman ruwan inabin damisa na jabu,  musamman wanda aka baiwa Lao PDR. Vietnam da Thailand.  Shawarar da amincewar da ta biyo baya, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin watan Yuni 2017, yayin da ake tsammanin har yanzu tana karkashin binciken kimiyya, ta haifar da babban zargi ta hanyar, da damuwa a tsakanin, masu kare muhalli na gida da na kasa da kasa, masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin jin dadin dabbobi da jama'a, don tasirin wannan zai haifar. a kan kiyaye zakuna da manyan kuliyoyi a duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi da'a wannan yana da ga masana'antar, wanda ake la'akari sosai da rashin tsari da zalunci.  Sauye-sauyen da ake samu a kasuwa zuwa kasashen da hukumomin kiyaye doka da oda na duniya suka lissafa da cewa suna da karancin tsari da kuma yawan cin hanci da rashawa an nuna shi a matsayin babban abin damuwa tun lokacin da ya samar da damammaki da dama na safarar haramtattun namun daji. 

Ana ganin sukar da jama'a na kasa da kasa ke yi kan cinikin kasusuwan zaki na Afirka ta Kudu na da matukar illa ga "Brand Africa ta Kudu" da kuma farin jini da daukakar kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido.  An kiyasta mummunan tasirin cinikin kashin zaki na kasar ya kai kusan R54.50-biliyan cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.  Duk da cece-kuce, a watan Yulin 2018, Molewa ya kusan ninka adadin kashin kashin zaki na fitarwa, zuwa kwarangwal 1500 a shekara.  An ba da sanarwar ƙididdiga tun daga 2017 bisa ga shawarar da Hukumar Kimiyya (SA)  ta bayar game da ka'idodin buƙatu da wadata "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade" (PDF). emsfoundation.org.za. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018. tare da sakamakon aikin bincike na shekaru uku na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SANBI)., ya fara a cikin 2017 kuma har yanzu yana kan aiki. Sakamakon haka, bayan an sanar da adadin 2018, wasu masu bincike da ke cikin wannan aikin sun nisanta kansu daga tsarin yanke shawara. 

Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cin zarafi a kan adadin tun 2017, tare da ƙasusuwan damisa da aka kama da sauran manyan kuliyoyi masu haɗari (wanda aka jera a cikin Shafi na I na CITES) ana ba da rahoto a cikin tsarin fitarwa. "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade" (PDF). emsfoundation.org.za. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018. A girma duniya wayar da kan jama'a game da sakamakon da ake dangantawa da wannan rigima masana'antu da kuma sukar da ta zana, ya jagoranci mafi girma zaki kashi m, Singapore Airlines , don yanke shawarar dakatar da jigilar manyan sassan jikin cat daga Afirka ta Kudu, farawa a watan Agusta 2018.  

 Rigingimu 
A watan Fabrairun 2013, yayin da Ministan Ruwa, Molewa ya ba da kyautar R419 kwangilar IT miliyan miliyan zuwa Connexion Business maimakon amfani da Hukumar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Jiha. Babban daraktan sashen ya ki sanya hannu kan kwangilar, kuma minista Molewa ya dakatar da shi. Sakamakon haka, babban daraktan da aka dakatar ya ci gaba da karbar albashi kusan shekaru biyu a yayin da ake tuhumar sa da sabon ministan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya yi watsi da shi.  

Manyan al’amura na zubar da kaya da bakar fata a fadin kasar sun haifar da cece-kuce a shekarun 2014 da 2015 bayan da ministocin gwamnati suka bayar da dalilai masu karo da juna na wannan batu. Yayin da Ministan Kasuwancin Jama'a Malusi Gigaba ya bayar da dalilai marasa tushe wadanda suka hada da karancin ruwa a madatsun ruwa, Minista Molewa ya yi ikirarin cewa kwal da aka samu a ma'adinai a Mpumalanga ne ke da laifi. An kuma nuna damuwar jama'a kan gazawar gwamnati wajen shawo kan zuba jari a samar da makamashi wanda ya sa kamfanonin makamashi ke kokawa wajen biyan bukata. Gyaran da aka tsara akan tashoshin wutar lantarki ya ta'azzara matsaloli tare da grid mai rauni da takura.

 Ilimi 
Edna Molewa ta halarci Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu inda ta sami digiri na farko na kasuwanci . Bayan haka, Molewa ya bi kwas ɗin Jagoranci a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy kuma ya sami Takaddun Shaida na Shirin Haɓaka Jagorancin Tattalin Arziki daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Wharton . 

 Mutuwa 
Bayan da ta dawo a ranar 8 ga Satumba daga ziyarar aiki da ta kai China, inda ta kamu da cutar, Molewa ta kwanta a asibiti kwanaki kadan. An sanya ta cikin rashin lafiya bayan da ta kasa amsa jinya. Bayan fitowar suma, Molewa ya dan samu kwanciyar hankali, amma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2018 a Pretoria . Tana da shekaru 61. 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba