Hamallayya

Hamallayya ko Hamallism Sufi ṭarīqah ne (tsarin, hanya) wanda ya samo asali ne a Yammacin Afirka a matsayin fitowa daga da kuma martani ga 'yan uwan Tijaniyyah. An kafa shi a farkon karni na 20 ta hanyar Muhammad ben Amadu (d. 1909) na asalin Maure da Fulani, a matsayin motsi na sake fasalin aikin Tijaniyyah. Da yake nuna adawa da matsayi da kuma rage muhimmancin ilimi, motsi ya bazu a cikin shekarun 1920 ta almajirin Amadu Shaykh Hamahullah bin Muhammad bin Umar (1886-1943) a cikin abin da ke Sudan ta Faransa, Mali ta zamani. Da farko ya samo asali ne daga 'yan kasuwa na Wolof da ke zaune a Nioro, amma nan da nan ya bazu zuwa bautar Musulmai a Mauretania da Mali.

 Koyarwa 
Canje-canje na koyarwar Hammallist daga al'adar Tijaniyyah sun haɗa da cire wasu nassoshi da aka karanta ga Annabi, ƙin nazarin Kur'ani, da kuma ihu na addu'o'i a cikin bautar rukuni. Hammallists sun fi jaddada al'adun gargajiya na Yammacin Afirka da kuma kin amincewa da matsayi na gargajiya, gami da jinsi, shekaru, da bambancin jinsi.John R. Hinnells (ed). A New Dictionary of Religions. (1995) 

 Hamayya da ci gaba 
Da yake adawa da abin da ya gani a matsayin matsayi na tsarin Tijaniyyah mai rinjaye a lokacin, Hamallism ya girma ya zama yunkurin zanga-zangar zamantakewa, musamman daga talakawa ko al'ummomin bayi kuma ya yi adawa da masu arziki tsakanin Afirka da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka. Daga shekarun 1920 zuwa 1940, tashin hankali na lokaci-lokaci na Hamallist da aka danganta zanga-zanga da tashin hankali sun faru a cikin abin da ke yau Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, da Nijar, kuma hukumomin Faransa, da shugabannin Tijaniyyah na gida sun hana su. Daga cikin fitattun masu tuba zuwa Hamallism sun kasance Tierno Bokar Salif Tall, babban dan uwan soja da shugaban siyasa na Jihar Tijaniyya Jihad El-Hadj Umar Tall, a Mali;Louis Brenner. "The Sufi Teaching of Tierno Bokar Salif Tall". Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 8, Fasc. 3 (1976), pp. 208-226 da Yacouba Sylla a Mauretania.Sean Hanretta. "Gender and Agency in the History of a West African Sufi Community: The Followers of Yacouba Sylla". Comparative Studies in Society and History (2008), 50:478-508 Sauran sanannun mabiya sun hada da Tierno Bokar, malami da jagoran ruhaniya na Amadou Hampate Ba.Karl L. Dehne. "Knowledge of, Attitudes Towards,and Practices Relating to Child-spacing Methods in Northern Burkina Faso" , Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. Vol. 21 No. 1 Mar 2003

A Burkina Faso, Hamallism ya kasance musamman a cikin al'ummomin Fulbe Rimaibe (ma'aikata) a cikin shekarun 1950.

 Cirewa da tsira 
Hukumomin Faransa sun kori Hamahullah bin Muhammad bin Umar daga Nioro zuwa Mauretania a 1933 biyo bayan rikice-rikice tsakanin mabiyansa da shugabannin yankin,  sannan zuwa Côte d'Ivoire kuma a ƙarshe Faransa, amma motsi ya tsira daga mutuwarsa a gudun hijira. An haramta wannan motsi a Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa, amma ya ci gaba, musamman tsakanin matalauta na karkara.UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. VIII: Africa Since 1935. Ali A. Mazrui, Christophe Wondji, Unesco International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, eds. University of California Press, (1999)  pp.70-73 Ya kasance ikon siyasa da addini a wasu sassan gabashin Mali da yammacin Nijar, inda ya samo asali a cikin al'ummomin gargajiya na Tuareg, wanda ake kira Bellah . Mabiyan har yanzu sun ƙidaya 50,000 a Mali a cikin shekarun 1970s.

 Bayanan da aka ambata