1946 Zaben majalisa na 12 na California

An gudanar da zaɓen neman kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a gunduma ta 12 ta California a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarata alif 1946, ranar da doka ta kayyade don zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Amirka ta 80 . A zaben gunduma na 12, 'yan takarar sun kasance dan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat Jerry Voorhis na wa'adi biyar, da dan takarar jam'iyyar Republican Richard Nixon, da tsohon dan majalisa kuma dan takarar jam'iyyar Prohibition John Hoeppel . An zabi Nixon da kashi 56% na kuri'un da aka kada, inda ya fara shi a kan hanyar da, kusan karni kwata bayan haka, zai kai ga shugaban kasa.

Da farko da aka zaba zuwa Majalisa a shekarar alif 1936, Voorhis ya ci nasara da 'yan adawar Republican sau hudu a gundumar Los Angeles County na karkara don sake lashe zabe. Domin zaben shekarar 1946, 'yan Republican sun nemi dan takarar da zai iya hada jam'iyyar kuma ya yi takara mai karfi da Voorhis a gundumar Republican. Bayan kasa tabbatar da takarar Janar George Patton, a watan Nuwamba shekarata 1945 sun zauna a kan Laftanar Kwamanda Richard Nixon, wanda ya zauna a gundumar kafin yakin duniya na biyu.

Nixon  ya shafe mafi yawan a shekarar 1946 yana yakin neman zabe a gundumar, yayin da Voorhis bai dawo daga Washington DC ba har zuwa karshen watan Agusta. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Nixon ya yi aiki tuƙuru don samar da jama'a a gundumar, yayin da Voorhis, ke hulɗa da kasuwancin majalisa a babban birnin, ya sami ɗan jarida kaɗan. Voorhis ya samu kuri'u mafi yawa a zabukan fidda gwani na watan Yuni, amma yawan kuri'unsa ya ragu daga kason da ya samu a zaben fidda gwani na shekarar alif 1944. A muhawara guda biyar da aka gudanar a fadin gundumar a watan Satumba da Oktoba, Nixon ya iya zana wanda ke kan karagar mulki a matsayin mara amfani kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Voorhis yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da gurguzu. Voorhis da kamfen ɗinsa sun kasance a koyaushe suna kan tsaro kuma ba su da tasiri wajen sake warware takaddamar Nixon. Dan takarar ya doke Voorhis a babban zaben watan Nuwamba .

An gabatar da bayanai daban-daban kan nasarar da Nixon ya samu, tun daga salon siyasar kasa zuwa ja-in-ja a bangaren mai kalubalantar. Wasu masana tarihi sun yi iƙirarin cewa Nixon ya sami makudan kudade daga masu hannu da shuni da suka kuduri aniyar kayar da Voorhis, yayin da wasu ke watsi da irin waɗannan zarge-zargen. Waɗannan batutuwa sun kasance batutuwan muhawarar tarihi.

 Fage 

 Gundumomi da yakin neman zabe 
alt=A young man wearing a suit and tie turns profile to the camera, holding a pipe in his hand.|left|thumb| Jerry Voorhis
Tun da aka ƙirƙira ta bayan ƙidayar 1930, gundumar ta 12 ta sami wakilcin 'yan Democrat. Na 12th ya shimfiɗa daga kudu da Pasadena zuwa layin Orange da San Bernardino, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan garuruwa kamar Whittier, Pomona da Covina . Tun daga lokacin an mamaye yankin gaba ɗaya a cikin megalopolis na Los Angeles, amma a lokacin galibi aikin noma ne. Da kyar tsarin titin ya taba gunduma ta 12; ƙaramin yanki ne kawai na Pasadena Freeway ya yanke a kusurwar arewa maso yamma. 

A cikin 1932, an zaɓi John Hoeppel don wakiltar gunduma ta 12. A cikin 1936, Hoeppel ya kasance mai rauni kamar yadda aka yanke masa hukunci don ƙoƙarin sayar da zaɓi zuwa West Point .  Voorhis ya doke Hoeppel a zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat kuma cikin sauki ya lashe babban zaben.  Voorhis, wanda ya sami suna a matsayin wakili mai mutuntawa kuma mai aiki tuƙuru,  wanda ake yiwa lakabi da "Kid Atlas" ta 'yan jarida don ɗaukar nauyin duniya a kan kafadu, ya kasance mai aminci ga Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar . 

Gundumar 12th ta jinginar da Republican, fiye da haka bayan 1941 lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California ta Republican ke da rinjaye ta yi ƙoƙari na gerrymander dan majalisa Voorhis daga ofis ta hanyar cire ƙaƙƙarfan yankunan Demokraɗiyya a Gabashin Los Angeles daga gundumar a lokacin sake rarrabawa .  Gundumar 12th da aka sabunta tana da ƙananan masana'antu kuma kusan babu wani tasiri na ƙungiyar.  An bar Voorhis tare da irin wadannan yankuna na Republican kamar San Marino, inda bai yi yakin neman zabe ba, inda ya yanke shawarar cewa zai sami adadin kuri'un ko ya ziyarci can ko a'a.  Duk da yunkurin da ‘yan jam’iyyar Republican suka yi a majalisar, an sake zaben Voorhis a shekarar 1942, inda ya samu kashi 57% na kuri’un da aka kada, kuma ya samu kashi makamancin haka bayan shekaru biyu.  Voorhis bai fuskanci adawa mai karfi ba kafin 1946. A cikin zaɓensa na farko, Voorhis ya amfana daga zaɓen Roosevelt na 1936 . Abokin hamayyarsa na 1938 ya kasance mai jin kunya cewa Voorhis ya gabatar da shi ga taron jama'a a bayyanar haɗin gwiwa.  A cikin 1940, ya fuskanci Kyaftin Irwin Minger, wanda ba a san shi ba kwamandan makarantar soja,  da abokin hamayyarsa na 1942, mai wa'azin rediyo kuma tsohon dan takarar gwamna na Jam'iyyar Prohibition Robert P. Shuler, "masu kunya GOP na yau da kullum".  A cikin 1944, 'yan jam'iyyar Republican na gunduma na 12 sun rabu sosai, kuma Voorhis ya yi nasara cikin sauƙi. 

 Neman ɗan takara na Republican 
alt=ID photo of a young man wearing a suit and tie|left|thumb| Richard Nixon
Yayin da Voorhis ya yi wa'adi na biyar a majalisar, 'yan Republican sun nemi dan takarar da zai iya kayar da shi.  'Yan jam'iyyar Republican na gida sun kafa abin da aka sani da "Kwamitin na Dari" (a hukumance, "Kwamitin Neman Gaskiya") don zaɓar ɗan takara mai cikakken goyon baya kafin zaben farko na Yuni 1946.  Wannan matakin ya haifar da damuwa na edita a gundumar: Alhambra Tribune da News, saboda tsoron zaɓen ɗan takara da aka kwace daga masu jefa ƙuri'a don goyon bayan ƙaramin rukuni, an gyara cewa kafa kwamitin "mataki ne a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba" kuma ƙoƙari na "kore dabarun Tammany Hall a cikin makogwaronmu". 

Kwamitin da farko ya soki Kwamishinan Ilimi na Jiha (kuma tsohon shugaban Kwalejin Whittier ) Walter Dexter . Dexter ya hakura ya bar mukaminsa na jiha don yin takara, ya kuma nemi tabbacin zai sake samun wani aiki idan takararsa ta gaza. Ya ci gaba da yin la'akari da yin takara na tsawon watanni da yawa ba tare da yanke shawara ba, yana takaicin 'yan Republican na gida. Kamar yadda Dexter ya ɓace, 'yan Republican sun yi ƙoƙari su sa Janar George Patton ya yi takara, ko da yake ba su da tabbacin ko Janar din dan Republican ne.  Duk da haka, kwana guda bayan da jaridar Los Angeles Times ta yi hasashe kan gudu, Patton ya sanar daga Jamus aniyarsa ta "kare gaba ɗaya daga siyasa".  Kwamitin ya kuma tuntubi Stanley Barnes, matashin lauya na Republican mai tasowa kuma tsohon tauraron kwallon kafa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley . Barnes ya ki yarda a yi la'akari da shi, yana mai shakkun yiwuwar cin nasara akan Voorhis. 

Tare da ɗan ƙaramin ci gaba da aka samu kan samun babban ɗan takara, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata na kwamitin sun gudanar da tattaunawa. A cikin mutane takwas da suka nemi takardar neman izinin, wanda ya fi fice shi ne tsohon dan majalisa John Hoeppel, wanda ya yi alkawari zai hana “Yahudawa da ‘yan barayin” fita daga gundumar.  A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1945, Monrovia News Post ya ruwaito cewa yayin da Dexter ya yi kama da mai yiwuwa dan takara, "ba shakka komai na iya faruwa a siyasa kuma gabaɗaya ya aikata". Jaridar News Post ta bayyana cewa sauran sunayen da kwamitin ya tattauna sun hada da “Lt.   Richard Nixon, USNR, na Whittier."  Dan majalisa Voorhis ya rubuta mahaifinsa kuma mashawarcin siyasa, Charles Voorhis, a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, "Na fahimci Janar ya yanke shawarar kada ya tsaya a gundumar 12th. Dr. Dexter, a ganina, zai yi wuya a doke shi. Amma aƙalla zai zama kamfen mai tsabta, mai kyau, kuma ban tabbata ba ba zan gwammace hakan ba ko da na yi asara.  Nixon, wanda a lokacin babban kwamandan Sojan Ruwa ne, yana gaya masa ya nemi amincewar Kwamitin. Nixon ya amsa da farin ciki. Lokacin da Dexter a ƙarshe ya ƙi Kwamitin, ya ba da shawarar Nixon, ɗalibinsa na ɗaya.  Dexter ya mutu kwanaki kadan bayan ciwon zuciya, kuma Patton ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota kafin yakin 1946 ya fara. 

A lokacin, Nixon yana zaune a Baltimore, Maryland, yana amfani da horo na shari'a don magance ƙarshen kwangilar soja. Ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1945, ya tashi zuwa California don saduwa da 'yan Republican masu tasiri kuma ya ba da jawabi a taron kwamitin. An tallata taron a duk faɗin gundumar kuma a buɗe ne ga kowane ɗan takara. Koyaya, tallace-tallacen taron sun lura cewa Nixon zai tashi don yin magana.  Wasu abokan hamayya da dama kuma sun bayyana a taron a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1945, ciki har da wani alkali da dan majalisa. Nixon, wanda ya yi magana a karshe, ya kasance "mai haskakawa", a cewar wani memba na Kwamitin.  Lokacin da kwamitin ya hadu don jefa kuri'a a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, Nixon ya sami sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na kuri'un, wanda aka yi gaba daya. Nan take shugaban kwamitin Roy Day ya sanar da wanda ya ci nasarar amincewar kwamitin. 

Nixon ya riga ya shirya don bincika rikodin Voorhis kuma ya sadu da shugabannin Republican a Washington, ciki har da Shugaban 'yan tsiraru na Majalisar (da kuma Kakakin Majalisa na gaba) Joseph W. Martin, Jr. Sabon dan takarar da aka zaba ya rubuta wa Day game da Voorhis, "Dole ne sunan 'mai ra'ayin mazan jiya'. Amma babban ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na yana karkata ne ga haɓaka rukunin jawabai masu ci gaba waɗanda ke ba da bayanin abin da muke son yi, ba abin da 'yan Democrat suka kasa yi ba. ... Ina da gaske game da wannan yarjejeniya, kuma na yi imani za mu iya yin nasara."  Duk da haka, " wheelhorse "'yan Republican sun yi la'akari da yakin neman zaben Nixon.  Nixon ya kasance wanda ba a san shi ba a wajen garinsu na Whittier kuma yana fuskantar wani mashahuri kuma mai daraja.  Charles Voorhis ya rubuta dansa cewa 'yan Republican sun amince da Quaker mai suna Richard Nixon, amma yana fatan dansa zai riƙe babban ɓangare na kuri'un Quaker. Dattijon Voorhis ya kasance da kwarin gwiwa cewa dansa zai sake yin nasara, yana rubuta cewa, “Wani kamfen ne kawai da ya kamata mu shiga. ... A kowane hali, ba mu da wani abin damuwa a yanzu." 

 Kamfen na farko 
alt=Business card for Richard Nixon as a congressional candidate, showing an address and phone numbers in Whittier|thumb| Nixon katin kasuwanci a matsayin dan takarar majalisa
An sallami Nixon daga Navy a farkon 1946. A cikin kwanaki, shi da matarsa Pat Nixon, na karshen kusan watanni takwas ciki, sun koma Whittier. Sun fara shiga tare da iyayen ɗan takarar, Frank da Hannah . Nixon ya koma tsohon kamfanin lauyoyinsa, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokutansa yana yakin neman zabe. Roy Day, shugaban kwamitin da aka rushe yanzu, ya nada kansa a matsayin manajan yakin neman zaben Nixon. Wannan nadin da kansa ya ɗan ba ɗan takarar takaici, kuma Nixon bai yi nasara ba ya nemi maye gurbin Ranar. 

Tun daga watan Fabrairu, dan jam'iyyar Republican ya fara yin jawabi mai nauyi, yana jawabi ga kungiyoyin jama'a a fadin    .  Kokarin da Nixon ya yi na samun talla yana samun taimakon haihuwar 'yarsa Tricia a karshen watan Fabrairu. An yi hira sosai da sabon mahaifin kuma an dauki hoton tare da jaririyar 'yarsa.  Ofishin dan majalisa Voorhis ya aika da Nixon wata kasida ta gwamnati mai suna Infant Care, wanda wakilai suka karbi 150 a kowane wata don rarrabawa ga mazabar su. Lokacin da Richard Nixon ya aika wa abokin hamayyarsa takardar godiya a farkon watan Afrilu, dan majalisar ya mayar da martani da wata wasika yana ba da shawarar cewa muhawarar biyu da zarar Majalisa ta dakatar a watan Agusta. 
A tsakiyar watan Maris, tsohon dan majalisa Hoeppel,  wanda ya tsani Voorhis ya tunkari Nixon.  Hoeppel ya yi tayin shiga zaben fidda gwani na Demokradiyar don musanya biyan daloli da dama da kuma alkawarin yin aikin farar hula da zarar an zabi Republican. Bayan shawara da mataimakansa, Nixon ya ƙi shi. Daga baya, Hoeppel ya shigar da karar a matsayin dan takarar Jam'iyyar Hana . Voorhis ya kasance mai sirri ga waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar mai ba da labari kusa da tsohon wakilin, kuma ya gamsu cewa Roy Day ya shirya biyan kuɗin shigar da Hoeppel. Dan majalisar ya ji tsoron cewa Hoeppel zai yi aiki a matsayin doki ga Nixon, yana kare Republican daga duk wani "lalata".  Voorhis ya mayar da martani ga shigar da Hoeppel tare da wasika zuwa ga manajan yakin neman zabensa, Baldwin Park dan kasuwa Jack Long, yana mai cewa "zai dace mu gwada matakinmu mafi kyau mu doke shi a zaben fidda gwani ta hanyar yakin neman zabe". 

A ranar 18 ga Maris, kwanaki biyu kafin ranar ƙarshe na gabatar da ƙara, Nixon ya shigar da ƙara a cikin zaɓen fidda gwani na Republican da Democratic a ƙarƙashin tsarin shigar da ƙara na California. Voorhis kuma ya shigar da kara a cikin manyan jam'iyyun fidda gwanin biyu. Karkashin zarge-zargen, idan dan takara daya ya samu amincewar manyan jam’iyyun biyu, to za a zabe shi yadda ya kamata, tare da kananan ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar da za su tsaya masa. Rana ta haɓaka $200 (daidai da $  na yanzu) don kuɗin shigar da Nixon, daga baya ya lura cewa yana da wahala sosai don a biya shi. 

Ya zuwa ƙarshen Maris, jawaban hannun jari na Nixon ga ƙungiyoyin jama'a sun fara lalacewa. Ranar ta dauki hayar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa Murray Chotiner kan dala 580 don yakin neman zabe na farko, kuma mashawarcin ya yi gargadin cewa sai dai idan sabuwar rayuwa ta shigo cikin yakin, yana cikin hadari sosai.  A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Chotiner ya zama manajan yakin neman zaben Nixon, mai ba da shawara, da aboki a cikin ƙungiyar da ta daɗe har mutuwar Chotiner 'yan watanni kafin Shugaba Nixon ya yi murabus 1974. 

Chotiner ya shirya labaran labarai a cikin takardun gida suna zargin cewa "PAC" ta amince da Voorhis, yana fatan masu jefa kuri'a za su dauki hakan don nufin Kwamitin Ayyukan Siyasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( CIO-PAC ). CIO ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce wacce daga baya ta haɗe da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Amurka don kafa AFL-CIO . An shirya shi a cikin 1943 kuma ya ɗauki matakan hagu; Wasu suna ganin PAC ta a matsayin ƙungiyar gurguzu ta gaba. Na biyu PAC, National Citizen's Political Action Committee (NCPAC) shi ma yana da alaƙa da CIO, amma yana buɗe wa waɗanda ba sa cikin ƙungiyar kwadago. Daga cikin membobin NCPAC na 1946 akwai 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Melvyn Douglas da Ronald Reagan .  Dukansu PAC sun kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin marigayi shugaban ƙwadago, Sidney Hillman, kuma ƙungiyoyin biyu sun raba sararin ofis a birnin New York.  Yayin da shugabannin CIO na kasa suka yi tir da tsarin gurguzu; wasu daga cikin rassan CIO-PAC na cikin gida sun kasance mambobin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci.  CIO-PAC, wanda ya amince da Voorhis a 1944, ya ƙi sake mara masa baya. Babin Kudancin California na NCPAC ya amince da Voorhis a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1946. Dabarar Chotiner ita ce ta haɗa PAC guda biyu a idon jama'a. 

Rikicin PAC ya inganta, yaƙin neman zaɓe na Republican ya sami sabuwar rayuwa yayin da Nixon ya dawo da'irar lacca . Bayan Nixon ya yi magana da taron Lions Club a ranar 1 ga Mayu, wani mai goyon bayan Voorhis da ya damu ya rubuta wa dan majalisar, "Ya dauki kungiyar da hadari. Yana da hadari. Za ku yi yakin rayuwar ku don ku doke shi." 

An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1946. Duka Voorhis da Nixon sun lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyarsa, inda Voorhis ya samu kuri'u masu yawa a zaben Republican. Lokacin da aka haɗa dukkan kuri'u daga dukkan zaɓen fidda gwani, Voorhis ya doke Nixon da kuri'u 7,000. Adadin yawan kuri'un da Voorhis ya samu ya ragu daga kashi 60% a zaben fidda gwani na shekarar 1944 zuwa kashi 53.5% a shekarar 1946.  Hoeppel ya tsallake rijiya da baya a yakin neman zabe na neman shiga babban zaben kasar. 

 Sakamako 

 Babban zabe 
Bayan hutun makonni biyu a British Columbia bayan firamare, Nixon ya koma gunduma ta 12. Jam'iyyar Republican ta fara yakin neman zaben gama gari ta hanyar maye gurbin Roy Day da injiniyan Kudancin Pasadena Harrison McCall a matsayin manajan yakin neman zabe. Kamar yadda Chotiner ya ƙara shagaltuwa da matsayinsa na mai kula da yakin neman zaben Kudancin California don (nasara) neman sake zaɓe na Sanatan Republican William Knowland, yakin Nixon ya kara da cewa dan jarida William Arnold.  Voorhis, a gefe guda, ya ci gaba da zama a Washington, yana mu'amala da kasuwancin Majalisa da samar da ƙaramin talla. Ya rubuta wa mahaifinsa da manajan yakin neman zabensa, Jack Long, ta wasika.  Voorhis ya yi fatan komawa California a tsakiyar watan Agusta amma yayin da yake dawowa daga Washington a watan Agusta, an tilasta masa yin tiyata don basur a Ogden, Utah .  Voorhis ya shafe makonni biyu a wani otal na Ogden yana murmurewa daga aikin  kuma bai koma gundumar ba har zuwa karshen watan Agusta. Voorhis ya rubuta daga baya, "Ba zan iya cewa na kasance daidai 'a shirye don fasikanci' ba. Amma 'fira' ya kasance a shirye a gare ni." 

Nixon bai mayar da martani ga shawarar muhawarar Voorhis na Afrilu ba. A watan Mayu, dan majalisar ya rubuta wa Long kamar yadda yakin neman zaben Nixon ya fara sanya batun amincewa da PAC. Voorhis ya ba da shawarar cewa a kalubalanci Nixon ga muhawara cikin gaggawa. Long ya amsa a watan Yuni, yana mai cewa duk da cewa Nixon an san shi a matsayin zakaran mahawara a lokacin kwanakinsa na Kwalejin Whittier, "tare da shekarun ku da gogewar ku jama'a na iya ba da kyauta ga ƙalubalen yaro kamar Nixon".  Dogon shawara yana jiran kalubale daga Nixon. A watan Agusta, kamfen ɗin biyu sun daidaita kan muhawarar da za a gudanar a gaban ƙungiyar tsoffin sojoji a Whittier a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Koyaya, "Masu Zabe masu zaman kansu na Kudancin Pasadena" (IVSP), wanda masanin tarihin rayuwar Voorhis Paul Bullock ke jagoranta,  ya sanar da taron garin na Satumba 13 kan batutuwan yakin neman zabe a Kudancin Pasadena Junior High School . Ainihin manufar IVSP na yin taron shine don samun dan majalisar Republican mai rauni (wanda ya ki gayyatarsa) don yin muhawara a kan abokin hamayyarsa na Democrat, amma an gayyaci 'yan takarar majalisar dattawa da na gunduma na 12 na Republican da Democratic. Ganin cewa masu daukar nauyin muhawara sun kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi, wasu daga cikin mataimakan Nixon sun ba shi shawarar ya ƙi, amma ya wuce su. Voorhis kuma ya yarda; da aka ba shi shawarar daga baya ya kamata ya aika mai magana da yawunsa, sai ya amsa, "Ina tsammanin haka ne, amma na kasa kawo kaina na ki."  Duk 'yan takarar Majalisar Dattijai sun ƙi gayyatar su, tare da Sanata Knowland ya aika Chotiner a wurinsa, yayin da dan takarar Democrat Will Rogers, Jr. ya aika Wakili Chester E. Holifield na gundumar 19th makwabta. 
alt=A school building with clock tower. An announcement board "South Pasadena Middle School" is visible.|left|thumb| Makarantar Middle South Pasadena (Tsohon Makarantar Sakandare ta Kudu Pasadena)
Taron garin ya jawo cunkoson jama'a sama da dubu, inda magoya bayan Nixon ke rarraba littattafan adawa da Voorhi a bakin kofa. Wakilan majalisar dattawa sun fara magana ga ‘yan takararsu, sai kuma Voorhis. Nixon, wanda ya sanar da masu shirya taron cewa zai yi jinkiri saboda wani alkawari, ya zo a lokacin jawabin Voorhis, kuma ya kasance a baya har sai dan majalisa ya kammala jawabinsa. Daga nan sai ya zo kan dandalin, ya yi musafaha da Voorhis, ya ba da jawabi na mintuna goma sha biyar. Lokacin tambaya da amsa ya biyo baya, tare da wani mai goyon bayan Nixon yana tambayar Voorhis game da rajistar gurguzu na wani lokaci, da kuma game da ra'ayinsa game da manufofin kuɗi.  Bayan da wakilin ya amsa, wani mai goyon bayan Voorhis ya tambayi Nixon dalilin da yasa yake yin "zargin karya" game da amincewar Voorhis CIO-PAC.  Dangane da mayar da martani, Nixon ya sa hannu a aljihunsa ya zaro kwafin wata sanarwa ta Kudancin California NCPAC da ke ambaton amincewar kungiyar ta Voorhis.  Dan majalisar bai san amincewar ba; wadanda daga cikin mataimakansa a cikin sani sun "mance gaba daya" don gaya masa.  Nixon ya yi tafiya a tsakiyar matakin kuma ya nuna wa Voorhis, yana tambayarsa ya karanta da kansa. Voorhis ya zo daga wurin zama kuma ya ɗauke shi,  kuma (bisa ga Bullock, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da lokaci a muhawarar) "ya yi baƙin ciki" cewa wannan kamar wata ƙungiya ce ta daban daga CIO-PAC.  Nixon ya dawo da takardar, ya fara karanta sunayen mambobin kwamitin gudanarwa na kungiyoyin biyu, "Wannan abu daya ne, kusan, lokacin da suke da daraktoci iri daya."  Jama'a sun fara fara'a Nixon, wanda daga baya ya rubuta, "Zan iya gane ta wurin yadda masu sauraro suka amsa cewa na yi maganata", da kuma ba'a Voorhis, wanda ya rubuta, "Za su yi dariya da dariya game da maganganuna, kuma wannan ya dame ni." 

A cikin tashin hankali, dan takarar Prohibition Party Hoeppel ya sauko kan hanya (bisa ga Bullock, mai yiwuwa ya bugu)  kuma ya bukaci sanin dalilin da ya sa aka cire shi daga muhawarar. An ba shi izinin yin tambaya ɗaya, na Voorhis, kuma maraice ya ƙare. A cewar Bullock, "girman nasarar da Nixon ya samu ba nan da nan ya waye mana ba."  Dan majalisa Holifield ya kama shi, kuma lokacin da Voorhis ya tambaye shi, "Ta yaya?" ya amsa, "Jerry, ya yanyanka ka gunduwa." 

 Ƙarin muhawara 
alt=A stately old school building with a clock tower, seen across a large green lawn|thumb| Makarantar Sakandare ta Monrovia, wurin muhawarar Nixon-Voorhis ta huɗu
A ranar 19 ga Satumba, Voorhis ya yi wa ofishin NCPAC na Los Angeles da New York waya, yana mai neman "duk abin da ya cancanta PAC ta ba ni a janye".  A wannan lokacin, jaridu a duk fadin gundumar sun buga zargin Nixon, tare da wani tallan Nixon da ke jefa Voorhis saboda zargin zargin Nixon da yin karya game da amincewar PAC.  A cewar masanin tarihin Nixon Roger Morris, ƙin yarda da NCPAC bai taimaka wa Voorhis ba, saboda ayyukansa "zai yi kama da zubar da laifi da yawa na goyon bayan mugun da bai taɓa samu ba. Har zuwa ƙarshe, kamar yadda Chotiner ya ƙididdige, PACs sun kasance marasa bege. hade."  Yaƙin Nixon ya rarraba 25,000 thimbles  mai lakabi "Nixon for Congress / Sanya allura a cikin PAC" 

An yi muhawara ta biyu a dakin taro na Patriotic Hall da ke Whittier a ranar 20 ga Satumba. Kamar yadda ƙungiyar Whittier Ex-Servicemen's Association ta dauki nauyin muhawarar, halartan ya takaita ga tsoffin sojoji.  'Yan takarar sun yi muhawara kan hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta magance karancin gidaje bayan yakin. Voorhis ya fi son hana ginin gine-ginen kasuwanci don yantar da kayan don gidaje, yayin da Nixon ya bukaci a cire duk takunkumin gini.  Lokacin da Nixon ya maimaita zarginsa na PAC, Voorhis ya lura da bukatarsa ga NCPAC, yana mai cewa ba za a iya ɗaukar alhakin ayyukanta ba. A cewar Morris, muhawarar ta ƙare kamar yadda aka yi kunnen doki, ko watakila ma nasarar Voorhis.  Chotiner ya gamsar da Nixon cewa yana buƙatar gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma McCall ya ƙalubalanci kamfen na Voorhis zuwa ƙarin ƙarin muhawara guda takwas, wanda a zahiri an gudanar da uku. 
alt=An off-white thimble, with the visible black lettering, "NIXON/Put the ne ...|left|thumb|128x128px| Nixon yaƙin neman zaɓe, 1946
Muhawarar ta dauki hankulan jama'a a gundumar tare da jawo dimbin jama'a. An kwatanta 'yan takarar da Abraham Lincoln da Stephen Douglas, waɗanda suka yi fice a muhawara a yakin neman zabensu na 1858, kuma makada sun yi maci yayin da kowane ɗan takara ya shiga wurin.  An gudanar da taron 'yan takara na uku a Bridges Auditorium a Claremont a ranar 11 ga Oktoba. Voorhis ya kasance, ta hanyar shigar da kansa, "mummunan gaji".  'Yan takarar sun tattauna manufofin ƙwadago, kuma Nixon ya "cika" ta hanyar ba da cikakken bayani game da manufar magance yajin aikin jama'a wanda Voorhis ya yi latti ya gane cewa an ɗauke shi daga lissafin da ya tsara.  Nixon ya dauki Voorhis a gefe bayan muhawarar kuma ya zarge shi saboda kiransa da "Laftanar Kwamanda Nixon", yana zarginsa da nuna rashin jin daɗi ga tsofaffin maza da ba sa son jami'ai. 
alt=an election handout urging Nixon's election|thumb|225x225px| Flyer don yakin Nixon
A cikin muhawara na huɗu, a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a Makarantar Sakandare ta Monrovia, Nixon ya kai hari ga rikodin majalissar Voorhis. Mai kalubalantar ya yi zargin cewa a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, Voorhis kawai ya sami damar zartar da kudiri guda ta hannun Majalisa kuma ya zama doka. Kudirin da ake magana a kai ya mayar da ikon noman zomo daga Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida zuwa Sashen Noma.  Nixon ya ce, "Dole ne mutum ya zama zomo don samun wakilci mai inganci a wannan gundumar majalisa."  Voorhis ya amsa cewa ya dauki nauyin aiwatar da aikin nakasassu, amma Nixon ya bayyana cewa ba doka ba ce, amma ƙudurin haɗin gwiwa .  Nixon ya sake nanata zarginsa game da Voorhis da PAC; Voorhis ya mayar da martani cewa ya yi watsi da amincewar NCPAC. Nixon yayi magana tare da sharhi cewa rikodin jefa kuri'a na Voorhis "ya sami amincewar shi, ko yana so ko a'a".  Nixon kuma ya ce a cikin 46 Kuri'u, Voorhis ya kusan bi tsarin CIO-PAC. Cikin damuwa, Voorhis ya tsaya har 4 Ina nazarin kuri'un da Nixon ya dora masa. Ya karkare da cewa saboda kwafi, a zahiri 27 ne kawai mirgine kira a cikin tambaya, akan yawancin waɗanda ya yi adawa da matsayin CIO-PAC. Dan majalisar ya kuma gano cewa kuri'un ''abota''' ga CIO-PAC sun hada da wanda ke ba da izinin shirin cin abinci na makaranta. 

Muhawarar karshe ta gudana ne a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba a babban dakin taro na San Gabriel Civic, ga dimbin jama'a da suka wuce dubu. Voorhis ya ci gaba da kai harin, yana tuhumar Nixon da karkatar da "46 kuri'u" don kauce wa muhawara ta gaske da kuma duk wani tattaunawa na inda Nixon da kansa ya tsaya a kan batutuwa.  Dan takarar na Republican ya bayyana cewa yana fafutukar nemo “mutumin da ke karbar fansho yana kokarin ci gaba da tsadar rayuwa  ... ma'aikacin farar kwala da ba a samu kari ba Amurkawa sun ishe su, kuma sun cimma matsaya kan cewa za su yi wani abu.”  Nixon ya zauna cikin tsawa da tafi, kuma San Gabriel Sun ya kwatanta Voorhis cewa: “Ya dakata, yana numfashi sama-sama, yana dubawa. masu sauraren idanunsu sun gaji, sai ya gyara gilashin sa a firgice da hannaye biyu, sannan ya bugi filin wasa da budaddiyar hannu.” 

 Kwanaki na ƙarshe 
alt=The front of a large auditorium in the Spanish Mission style|thumb| San Gabriel Civic Auditorium, wurin muhawarar Nixon–Voorhis na biyar
A tsakiyar watan Oktoba, kamfen na Nixon ya bayyana wata talla wacce ke nuni da tsayawarsa takarar majalisar dattawa bayan shekaru hudu. Bayan da ya bayyana cewa Nixon, a muhawarar Kudancin Pasadena, ya fuskanci dan majalisar da "kofin hoto na amincewa da PAC da 'yan gurguzu ke da rinjaye", tallan ya ce, "Daya daga cikin masu ra'ayin hagu wadanda Voorhis ya ci gaba da yin hadin gwiwa wajen zaben PAC. Layin sune Helen Gahagan Douglas, Vito Marcantonio ..."  A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, Alhambra Post-Advocate da Monrovia News-Post sun buga guda guda masu taken "Yadda Jerry da Vito suka zabe", suna kwatanta rikodin jefa kuri'a na dan majalisar California da na Marcantonio, dan majalisa na New York. A cikin 1950, kwatankwacin kwatankwacin haka tsakanin rikodin zaɓe na Marcantonio da ɗan takarar Majalisar Dattijai Douglas, wanda aka buga akan takarda mai ruwan hoda, ya zama sananne a matsayin "Pink Sheet". 

Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Nixon ya ci gaba da gudanar da tallace-tallacen jaridu da suka shafi batun PAC. Wata talla ta nuna gidan rediyon Moscow ya bukaci zaben CIO slate. Wasu sun tabo batun rajistar Voorhis na baya a matsayin dan gurguzu, kuma sun bayyana cewa rikodin majalisarsa "ya fi Socialist da Kwaminisanci fiye da Demokradiyya".  'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat sun kawo James Roosevelt da wasu fitattun 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat zuwa gundumar don yin yakin neman zaben Voorhis.  Nixon ya ba da shawarar cewa saninsa na lokacin yaƙi, tsohon Gwamnan Minnesota Harold Stassen ya yi masa yaƙin neman zaɓe. Koyaya, ɗan takarar ya kasa samun izini daga kwamitin Republican na California don Stassen ya ziyarta.  Voorhis ya ba da sanarwar wata wasika da ya samu daga gwamnan Republican, Earl Warren, yana yabonsa game da shirin inshora na nakasa da ya yi. Magoya bayan Nixon sun tambayi Warren don wasiƙar yabon Nixon, ko kuma aƙalla janyewar wasiƙar Voorhis. Warren ya ki, yana mai cewa Voorhis ya cancanci yabo, kuma Nixon ba zai sami amincewa ba. Wannan rikici ya fara dangantaka mai rikitarwa tsakanin Nixon da Warren wanda ya kasance har zuwa mutuwar Warren jim kadan kafin Nixon ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban kasa. 

Ba a gudanar da zabe ba yayin yakin neman zabe.  A daren zaben, Voorhis ya fara kan gaba a kidayar kuri'un, amma ba da jimawa ba abokin hamayyarsa ya zarce, wanda tazarar ta ta karu yayin da dare ke tafiya. Nixon ya doke Voorhis da sama da 15,000 kuri'u. Jam'iyyar Republican ta lashe 19 daga cikin 22 gundumomi a gundumar, gami da garin Voorhis na San Dimas . Voorhis ya lashe manyan wuraren Demokradiyya na El Monte da Monterey Park, da kuma Baldwin Park na karkara.  Fitowar mujallar Time bayan zaɓen ta fito ne a tsakiyar watan Nuwamba, kuma ta yaba wa shugaba mai jiran gado da “ya guji kai hare-hare a kan abokin hamayyarsa cikin ladabi”. 

 Sakamako 
A cikin shekarun baya, Voorhis yana da karin bayani game da dalilan shan kaye.  A 1958, ya yi zargin cewa masu jefa kuri'a sun karbi kiran waya da ba a san su ba suna cewa shi dan gurguzu ne, jaridu sun bayyana cewa shi abokin tafiya ne, kuma lokacin da Nixon ya yi fushi, zai "yi wani abu".  A watan Nuwamba 1962, bayan da Nixon ya sha kaye a tseren gwamnan California, Voorhis ya fito a shirin Howard K. Smith 's News and Comment akan ABC a cikin shirin mai taken "The Political Obituary of Richard M. Nixon" kuma ya koka game da yadda Nixon ya gudanar. kansa a tseren 1946. Bayyanar Voorhis ya rufe shi ta hanyar sa hannun mai adawa da Nixon Alger Hiss .  A cikin 1972, Voorhis ya rubuta wani littafi, The Strange Case of Richard Milhous Nixon, a cikin abin da ya bayyana cewa Nixon ya kasance "mummunan abokin adawar" wanda "ka'idar dabi'a ɗaya mai mahimmanci da marar karya" shine "ci nasara, duk abin da ake bukata don yin shi. ".  A cikin 1981, shekaru uku kafin mutuwarsa, Voorhis ya musanta a wata hira da cewa NCPAC ta amince da shi. 
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba

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