Peer Vaz de Caminha

Pêro ko Pero   Vaz de Caminha (c. 1450 - 15 Disamba 1500; ; kuma ya rubuta Pedro Vaz de Caminha )  wani jarumin Portuguese ne wanda ya raka Pedro Álvares Cabral zuwa Indiya a 1500 a matsayin sakataren masana'antar sarauta. Caminha ya rubuta cikakken rahoton hukuma game da binciken da jiragen Cabral na Brazil suka yi a watan Afrilu 1500 ( Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha, kwanan wata 1 ga Mayu 1500). Ya mutu a wata tarzoma a Calicut, Indiya, a ƙarshen wannan shekarar.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
Pêro Vaz de Caminha ɗan Vasco Fernandes de Caminha ne, jarumin gidan Duke na Guimarães (daga baya Braganza). Kakanninsa suna daga cikin mutanen farko na Neiva a zamanin mulkin Ferdinand I (r.1367–83). A ranar 8 ga Maris 1476, an nada Pêro Vaz de Caminha mestre da balança (masanin sikelin) na Mint na sarauta na Porto, ɗaya daga cikin mukamai da yawa da mahaifinsa ya riƙe a lokacin. Wasikar nadin, wacce ta bayyana Pêro Vaz a matsayin jarumin gidan sarauta, an rubuta shi daga Toro, yana nuna cewa Pêro Vaz ya bi Sarki Afonso V na Portugal a yaƙin yaƙi da Castile, kuma wataƙila ya shiga yakin Toro (2 Maris 1476). ). Viterbo, p. 9 A cikin 1497, an zaɓe shi ya rubuta, kamar yadda Alderman, Babi na Majalisar Birnin Porto, da za a gabatar da shi ga Cortes na Lisbon.

A cikin 1500, Pêro Vaz de Caminha, wanda ya riga ya tsufa, an nada shi a matsayin sakatare na masana'antar da aka yi hasashen za a gina a Calicut, Indiya, a ƙarƙashin tsarin sarautar Aires Correia . Correia da Caminha sun yi tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa na 2nd India armada karkashin Pedro Alvares Cabral wanda ya tashi daga Lisbon a cikin Maris 1500. Da yake yin zane mai faɗi a cikin Kudancin Atlantic, armada ya yi tuntuɓe a kan ƙasar Brazil a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1500, kuma ya kafa kusa da Porto Seguro, Bahia. Bayan kusan mako guda na zaman banza a bakin teku da yin mu'amala da ƴan asalin yankin Tupiniquim, rundunar ta shirya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Indiya.
Kafin ya tashi, Cabral ya umurci Pêro Vaz de Caminha ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa Sarki Manuel I na Portugal, a hukumance yana ba da rahoton gano wannan sabuwar ƙasa - ko tsibirin, kamar yadda suka yi imani da farko. Wasiƙar Caminha ( Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha ) ta ba da cikakken rahoto game da balaguron balaguro har zuwa wannan lokacin, da sabuwar ƙasa da mutanen da suka gano. Wasiƙar Caminha tana da kwanan wata 1 ga Mayu kuma an sanya hannu daga wurin " deste Porto Seguro da vossa ilha da Vera Cruz " ("Wannan Harbour mai aminci na tsibirin ku na Gaskiya Cross"), sunan Cabral da aka ba shi don girmama Idin Cross 3 Mayu a cikin kalandar liturgical).

Rahoton hukuma na Caminha da ƙarin wasiƙar dabam ta masanin astronomer-likita Mestre João Faras, an ba da ɗaya daga cikin kyaftin na Cabral (ko dai Gaspar de Lemos ko André Gonçalves, rikici na tushen). Chronicler João de Barros (Decadas da Asia, vol. 1, p. 390) claims it was Gaspar de Lemos; chronicler Gaspar Correia (Lendas da India, p. 152) identifies him as André Gonçalves wanda ya koma Portugal a kan wani jirgin ruwa da suka zo da shi. Sauran jiragen sun bar Brazil a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1500, zuwa hanyar Cape of Good Hope sannan zuwa Indiya.

An yi bikin wasiƙar Pêro Vaz de Caminha sau da yawa a matsayin "takardar haihuwa" ta Brazil, ko da yake an ba da sirrin da Masarautar Portugal ke da hannu a cikin rahotannin binciken da aka yi, an buga shi ne kawai a karni na sha tara ta Uba Manuel Aires de Casal a cikin Corografia Brasílica . Manuel Aires de Casal (1817) Corografia Brasílica, ou Relação historico-geographica do Brazil, 2nd ed., 1843, vol. 1. Caminha's letter is printed as an extended footnote from pp. 10–26

Armada na 2 ya isa gabar Tekun Malabar na Indiya a watan Satumba na 1500, kuma an kafa masana'antar nan da nan a Calicut ( Calecute, Kozhikode). Caminha, sakataren masana'anta, ya fara aikinsa a can. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba rikici ya tashi tsakanin 'yan kasuwa na Portugal da ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa na Larabawa da aka kafa a cikin birnin. Da yake samun 'yar hankaci ga kayan kasuwancinsu, 'yan Portugal sun yi zargin cewa Larabawa sun hada baki don rufe su daga kasuwannin yaji na birnin ta hanyar shirya kauracewa. Mai mulkin Zamorin na Calicut ya ki shiga tsakani, lamarin da ya sa Aires Correia cikin takaici ya dauki al'amura a hannunsa. A ƙarshen watan Disamba na shekara ta 1500, bayan da 'yan Portugal suka yi shirin kwace kayan yaji na jiragen ruwa na Larabawa a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, tarzoma ta barke a kan mashigin. 'Yan tawayen Calicut sun mamaye masana'antar Portuguese, inda suka kashe kowane ɗan Fotigal da za su iya samu. Barros (p. 435), Correia, (p. 202) Wasu 'yan Portugal hamsin zuwa saba'in ne suka mutu a cikin tarzomar - ciki har da factor Aires Correia da kuma, wanda aka fi sani da, sakataren masana'anta Pêro Vaz de Caminha.

A cikin wasiƙar sarauta mai kwanan wata 3 Disamba 1501, Sarki Manuel I na Portugal ya nada jikan Caminha, Rodrigo d'Osouro, a matsayin kakansa a Mint na Porto, yana mai nuni da cewa Pêro Vaz de Caminha ya "mutu a Indiya". Viterbo (1902: p. 8)

 Duba kuma 

 Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha
  A Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, Wasikar Pero Vaz de Caminha a cikin Portuguese 
 2nd Portuguese Indiya Armada (Cabral, 1500)

 Bayanan kula 

 Manazarta 
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 Kara karantawa 

 JF de Almeida Prado, Pero Vaz de Caminha – A Carta, Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Agir
 Sousa Viterbo (1902) Pero Vaz de Caminha ea primeira narrativa do descobrimento do Brasil . Lisbon: Typgraphia Universal akan layi

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