Mata Masu Yaki da Batsa

Feminists Fighting Pornography (FFP,Searles, Janis, Sexually Explicit Speech and Feminism, Revista Juridica Universidad de Puerto Rico, vol. 63, p. 471, at p. 488 n. 92 (1994).  mai suna /fip / The Backlash Times (Feminists Fighting Pornography), Winter 1984, p. [10].) kungiya ce mai fafutukar siyasa game da batsa. Ya ba da shawarar doka Tarayya Amurka don ba da izinin karar da mata suka yi wa masana'antar batsa. FFP ta kasance a New York, NY, an kafa ta ne a 1983 Searing, Susan E., & Linda Shult, eds., Feminist Collections: A Quarterly of Women's Studies Resources, vol. 9, no. 1 (Madison, Wisc.: UW [Univ. of Wisc.] System, Fall, 1987 ), p. 23, as accessed Nov. 7, 2010.  ko 1984,  kuma an rushe ta a 1997. (approx. accord, p. 83 (Table 6.1 ("1996-97"))) (report's method of determining disbanding year unclear).

 Matsayi na fitarwa 
FFP ta yi tsayayya da batsa. An bayyana shi azaman lalata ta jima'i, mamayewa, wulakanci, nuna bambanci, mamaye, keta doka, hallakawa, cin zarafi, ko tashin hankali kuma ya bambanta da lalata, wanda ya dogara da mutuality na iko da jin dadi.Questions We Are Asked Often, in The Backlash Times (FFP), Spring 1985, p. [14]. A cewar wanda ya kafa FFP Page Mellish, batsa yana ba da horo don jima'i, hari, da fyade, yana haifar da kaddamar da mata, yana shafar ikon mata na samun daidaito da albashi daidai kuma yana karfafa maza su haɗa jima'i da tashin hankali.Questions We Are Asked Often, in The Backlash Times (FFP), Spring 1985, p. [14]. Mellish ya yi ikirarin cewa duk batutuwan mata sun samo asali ne daga batsa.  A cikin wata wasika ta 1986 zuwa ga editan The Wall Street Journal, wani memba na FFP ya tabbatar da cewa membobin "ba sa adawa da soyayya kuma ba sa adawa. "

Mellish ya dauki dukkan maza da mata wadanda ba su yi yaƙi da batsa ba a matsayin masu alhakin cin zarafin mata, kuma ya yi ikirarin cewa mata da ke jin daɗin batsa ko jima'i mai tsanani sun "tsayar da ma'anar namiji na iko".Puente, Maria, Bill Holds Porn Producers Liable For Sex Crimes, in USA Today, Apr. 15, 1992, p. 09A.

An yi muhawara game da matsayi game da batsa a waje da FFP, gami da Tasirin batsa akan aikata laifuka da ma'anar mata game da batse.Puente, Maria, Bill Holds Porn Producers Liable For Sex Crimes, in USA Today, Apr. 15, 1992, p. 09A.

 Jagora 
Wanda ya kafa kuma ya shirya FFP shine Page Mellish,  wanda ya kasance daga cikin ma'aikatan  na Mata da Batsa,   da kuma mata da batsa da tashin hankali a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da kungiyar Mata ta Kasa, duka daga San Francisco, California.

 Shirin doka 
Mata masu yaki da batsa sun goyi bayan Dokar Biyan Kudi ga Wadanda aka azabtar da batsa ta 1991. Kodayake lissafin yana da wasu goyon baya ciki har da daga "masu mata da yawa", Andrea Dworkin, Catharine MacKinnon, da wasu 'yan mata ba su goyi bayan shi ba. Da yake tallafawa lissafin, Mellish ta bayyana a cikin wani shirin Larry King, inda ta ba da labarin kisan mata Ted Bundy, wanda ya yi ikirarin batsa a matsayin tasiri, tare da jawo hankali ga batun. A karkashin lissafin, mutumin da aka kai hari bayan batsa ta motsa mai kai farmaki sosai na iya kai karar masu samar da batsa, masu bugawa, masu rarrabawa, masu baje kolin, da masu siyarwa ba tare da buƙatar tuhumar laifi ba don batsa kanta. Don zama mai amfani ga sashi, lissafin ya iyakance ga Hotunan batsa na yara da kayan lalata.   An soki lissafin. FFP ta kuma goyi bayan lissafin da ya gabata, Dokar Kare Wadanda suka Rana a Batsa ta 1987, wanda FFP ta lissafa a matsayin masu goyon baya "manyan kungiyoyin mata da yara" kuma tana da "sa hannu na dubban" masu goyon bayan lissafin.

A wasu batutuwan majalisa:

 FFP ta kuma goyi bayan dokar kare hakkin bil'adama ta anti-pornography da Andrea Dworkin da Catharine MacKinnon suka goyi bayan.
 Ba ta goyi bayan dokokin yaki da lalata ba, saboda, a ra'ayin FFP, ba su magance cutar batsa ba.
 Shari'a kadai ba cikakkiyar mafita ba ce, a cewar Page Mellish; ya kuma zama dole a cire "Bukatar batsa".

 Shaidar majalisa 
Page Mellish, yana ba da shaida ga Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka a cikin 1991 a matsayin "mai gwagwarmayar ƙwararru .... da aka yi amfani da ita ...  'Yan mata masu yaƙi da batsa",  yana mai cewa masana'antar batsa tana da girma   'yawanci] samfurin batsa "am amfani da masana'antu ... ko dai ya rage ko ya sa mata",   [4] 'yan jaridar da suka yi amfani da su ta kusa da ita ce 'yan jarida ta 'yan jaririn da su ... ... ... ... 'yan jaridu masu cin zarafin da suka yi watsi da su 'yan jaridaya ... ... ...[by][the][]

Ana buƙatar Majalisa ta sami tushe mai ma'ana don dokokin da, ba tare da shi ba, na iya keta haƙƙin mutum a ƙarƙashin Ma'anar Karewa ta 14 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka amma ba a buƙatar tabbatar da ƙaddamarwar kimiyya har zuwa wannan matakin da za a iya buƙata a kimiyyar ilimi; maimakon haka, tunanin majalisa dole ne ba ya zama na son rai. Wannan shaidar ta bayyana matsayin a cikin 1991 na Mata masu Yaki da Batsa kuma Jaridar ABA ta American Bar Association ta lura da ita.

 Dabarun 
FFP ba ta ba da shawarar ƙone ɗakunan batsa ba, kamar yadda aka yi a Ingila, amma ta ba da shawara ga maza da ba za su je irin waɗannan wurare ba. Mellish ta fi son shirya tafiye-tafiye a maimakon haka, saboda ta yi imanin cewa tana da ikon zama masu shirya: "Ko da bama-bamai na gidajen batsa kawai suna samun hankalinsu; to dole ne mu canza ra'ayin maza game da mata, canza ra'ayinsu na iko. "  FFP ta yi wasu ƙananan laifuka, kamar lalata tallace-tallace-takar mujallar batsa Penthouse, wanda aka tallata a tashoshin Metro na New York City. FFP ta yi niyyar fitar da batsa daga shagunan da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, ta yarda cewa tasirin zai zama fitar da shi cikin Tattalin arzikin karkashin kasa, amma ba don lalata shi gaba daya ba. Canjin matsayi, samun mata suna kallon maza a matsayin abubuwa na jima'i kawai, kuma ba wani ɓangare ne na akidarsu ba.

 Yunkurin fafutuka 

 Yaƙin neman zaɓe:
 Ya gayyaci mutane su kawo banners zuwa hedikwatar 'yan takarar Mayoral na New York a shekarar 1985.
 Ya taimaka wa yakin neman zabe na Green for Congress, ya ba da rahoton membobin FFP 100 suna yin hakan, a cikin 1989. Bill Green ya kasance wakilin Jamhuriyar Republican na Amurka a wani gundumar a Manhattan . An sake zabarsa a wannan shekarar. A lokacin aikinsa na Majalisa, ya gabatar da Dokar Kare Wadanda suka Rana a matsayin lissafi.
 Mellish ta nuna a shekarar 1992 a kan dan takarar Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka Geraldine Ferraro kan batun mijinta samar da dukiya ga mai daukar hoto na batsa. Ba a san ko zanga-zangar ta kasance ta kungiyar ba.
 Nuni da tafiye-tafiye:
 Ya yi tafiya a kan titin 42d, Manhattan, a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1984. A lokacin, 42d St. an san shi da kasuwancin batsa da yawa.
 A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1984, mata 500 sun yi tafiya a Times Square a karkashin tallafin 'yan mata da ke yaki da batsa.
 A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1985, an gudanar da zanga-zangar nuna adawa da lambar yabo ga mataimakin shugaban MTV don ba da gudummawa ga kayan ado.
 FFP ta nuna adawa da abin da suka yi imanin cewa shi ne jima'i na Lauyan gundumar a cikin shari'ar da aka ruwaito wata mace ta kashe saurayinta bayan ya rushe kofarta.
 Roƙo da tebur:
 A farkon shekara ta 1984, FFP ta tattara sa hannu a kan wata takarda da ke nuna rashin amincewa da wani shagon da ke sayar da Snuff, fim din, a kan cassette.
 A shekara ta 1984, Mellish yana yin amfani da ita kowace rana don ilimantar da jama'a. A shekara ta 1989, ta ce "'[p]mutane ba su san wannan [irin batsa] ba". FFP ta tabling wani lokacin da jama'a suka rikita shi kamar yadda mata ke adawa da batsa. Wani marubucin littafi daga baya ya tuna da shekarar 1984 wata mace daga Feminists Fighting Pornography tana aiki a Manhattan kuma tana neman sa hannu don takarda. "Bayan ta akwai babban fashewa na sanannen murfin Hustler wanda ya nuna ƙafafun mace suna fitowa daga mai niƙa nama".
 A cikin shekara da ba a sani ba, FFP ta gabatar a Washington, DC.
 An san kungiyar da nuna hotunan batsa a bayyane a matsayin wani ɓangare na bayanan batsa na batsa. Akwai "ƙarar jama'a game da nuni na titin da ke da hotuna tsirara",  ciki har da cewa "abin ƙyama ne".  A wani misali a cikin 1989, an kama Page Mellish da memba na FFP Dee Vaughan kuma an ɗaure su, a cewar The National Law Journal .  Ta ce, a cewar wannan jaridar, "'An kama mu ko kuma an kwace hotunanmu na batsa kusan sau bakwai.'"  Duk da waɗannan halayen, "ƙungiyar ta ... tana ci gaba da kafa shagon, tana fatan, in ji ta, don ilimantar da jama'a", a cewar jaridar a lokacin.  A wannan shekarar, a cewar Amurka A Yau, Page Mellish da Dee Vaughan sun nemi alƙali na jihar ya watsar da tuhumar lalata don hotunan tsirara. Lauyan Ron Kuby, a lokacin na kamfanin lauya na Bill Kunstler, ya ba da wakilci na shari'a, a cewar The National Law Journal, da kuma New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU), a cewar Virginia Law Review, ya ba lemitar shari'a (ko a kan shari'o'i daban-daban ko tare ba a sani ba). Sakamakon shi ne cewa an nemi haƙƙin doka don nuna irin wannan kayan  kuma an kafa shi.  Shugaban kungiyar 'yanci ta Amurka Nadine Strossen ya soki FFP saboda neman haƙƙin nuna batsa yayin da yake adawa da wasu ke yin hakan.
 A shekara ta 1987, don tallafawa Dokar Kare Wadanda Kariya ta Batsa, sannan lissafin, Sanata Specter, yayin da yake gabatar da shi, ya ce FFP "ya tattara sa hannun dubban mutane masu damuwa da ke tallafawa wannan lissafin".
 Sauran gwagwarmaya:
 Ya kira kungiyoyin 'yanci da' yanci na jama'a waɗanda, a cewar FFP, sun sami kuɗi daga Gidauniyar Playboy,  kodayake ba a bayyana ko duk irin waɗannan kungiyoyin sun nemi ko sun yarda da kudaden ba.
 Ya ba da yawon shakatawa na 42d Street da kuma zane-zane na FFP.
 Ya yi kira ga kauracewa duk shagunan da ke sayar da batsa.
 FFP ta soki kungiyar 'yanci ta Amurka game da batsa na yara.

 Jaridar labarai da jarida 
Jaridar ta ko mujallar ita ce The Backlash Times .  An buga shi a 1983  ko 1984  kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa akalla 1989.  Jaridar ta ɗauki rahotanni na labarai da suka shafi batsa gabaɗaya, kamar su hare-hare, martani, kudi, siyasa, da doka. Har ila yau, ya buga hotuna daga batsa,  wanda aka soki kungiyar ("da ba'a amma watakila dole ne ta yada shi ["batsa"] gaba").  A mayar da martani, kungiyar ta nuna bukatar bayyana abin da take adawa da shi, kamar tashin hankali da kuma ƙasƙantar da mata, don haka rarrabe shi daga abin da ba ta adawa da ita ba, musamman erotica.

A cikin 1992 kuma bayan "'tallakewa' mai kyau na baya-bayan nan", Ms. Mellish ta ce, "'[t]ya jarida ta tantance motsi namu saboda 'yan jarida suna da sha'awar Kwaskwarimar Farko'",  tana nufin Kwaskwarima ta Farko ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka da' 'yancin magana da jarida.

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 

Rukuni:Yancin mata a New york
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba