Abdul Ali Deobandi

Abdul Ghani Baradar  (an haife shi 29 ga Satumba 1963 ko kuma  1968; sanannen mullah ) ɗan siyasan Afghanistan ne kuma shugaban addini wanda shi ne mukaddashin mataimakin firayim minista na farko, tare da Abdul Salam Hanafi, na ƙungiyar Taliban ta gwamnatin Afghanistan. . Wanda ya kafa kungiyar Taliban tare da Mullah Omar, shi ne babban mataimakin Omar daga 2002 zuwa 2010, kuma tun daga shekarar 2019 ya kasance shugaban Taliban na hudu, a matsayin na uku na mataimakan shugaba Hibatullah Akhundzada .

Ya rike manyan mukamai a kungiyar Taliban a lokacin mulkinsu na farko daga 1996 zuwa 2001. Bayan da gwamnatin Taliban ta fada hannun mamayar Amurka a 2001, ya zama shugaban kungiyar Quetta Shura a Pakistan, inda ya zama shugaban kungiyar Taliban. Pakistan ta daure shi ne a shekara ta 2010, watakila saboda yana tattaunawa a kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnatin Afghanistan a asirce, ba tare da sa hannun Pakistan ba. An sake shi a shekarar 2018 bisa bukatar Amurka sannan kuma aka nada shi mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Taliban da kuma shugaban ofishinsu na siyasa a Qatar . Bayan nasarar da Taliban ta samu a watan Agustan 2021, ya koma Afghanistan kuma ya karbi mukaminsa na gwamnati a yanzu.

Ana daukar Baradar a matsayin dan Taliban mai matsakaicin ra'ayi.   Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Doha a watan Fabrairun 2020 da shi wanda ya kai ga janyewar sojojin Amurka gaba daya daga Afghanistan . Bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, Taliban ta kaddamar da farmakin soji kan gwamnatin Afghanistan a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2021, yayin da ake ci gaba da janyewar Amurka. A ranar 15 ga Satumba 2021, an jera Baradar a mujallar Time a matsayin ɗayan "Mutane 100 Mafi Tasiri A 2021" saboda rawar da ya taka a nasarar Taliban.  

 Rayuwar farko 
Rahotannin kwanan wata da wurin da aka haife shi sun bambanta. A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Consolid List, an haife shi ne a shekara ta 1968 a kauyen Yatimak na gundumar Deh Rawood a lardin Uruzgan na Masarautar Afghanistan .   Duk da haka, takardun shaida sun bayyana shekarar haihuwarsa a matsayin 1963,  ko kwanan wata da wurin haihuwarsa kamar 29 Satumba 1963 a Uruzgan. 

Shi dan Zirak ne  Durrani Pashtun na kabilar Sadozai, wani yanki na Popalzai .  A cewar dan jaridar Holland Bette Dam, shi da Muhammed Omar sun zama abokai lokacin da suke samari.  A cewar Newsweek, Omar da Baradar na iya zama surukai ta hanyar auren 'yan'uwa mata biyu.  Muhammed Omar shugaban Taliban na farko, wanda ake masa lakabi da 'Baradar', wanda ke nufin 'dan'uwa',  ko kuma Mullah Brother. 

 Sana'a 

 yakin Soviet 
Ya yi yaki a cikin shekarun 1980 a yakin Soviet-Afghanistan a Kandahar (musamman a yankin Panjwayi), yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin Omar a wata gungun mujahidan Afghanistan da ke adawa da gwamnatin Afganistan mai samun goyon bayan Soviet.   Omar ya ba shi nom de guerre 'Baradar', ma'ana 'dan'uwa',  saboda abota ta kud da kud. Taddonio, Patrice (21 January 2020).  Daga baya ya gudanar da wani makaranta a Maiwand, lardin Kandahar, tare da Omar.  Hänni, Adrian (30 October 2018). 

 Farkon aikin Taliban 
A shekarar 1994, yana daya daga cikin mutane hudu, ciki har da Omar, wanda ya kafa kungiyar Taliban a kudancin Afghanistan.  A lokacin mulkin Taliban (1996-2001), Baradar ya rike mukamai iri-iri. An bayar da rahoton cewa ya kasance gwamnan lardin Herat da Nimruz,   da/ko Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Yammacin Afganistan.  Wani daftarin ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka da ba'a bayyana shi ba ya lissafa shi a matsayin tsohon mataimakin hafsan hafsan soji kuma kwamandan sojojin tsakiya na Kabul,  yayin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Consolidated List ta bayyana cewa shi ne mataimakin ministan tsaro . "United Nations Security Council Consolidated List". 

 Yaki a Afghanistan 

Bayan harin 11 ga Satumba 2001, Amurka ta mamaye Afghanistan tare da korar Taliban tare da taimakon sojojin Afghanistan. Baradar ya yi yaƙi da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Arewa da ke samun goyon bayan Amirka, kuma, a cewar Newsweek, "ya hau kan babur, ya kori tsohon abokinsa [Omar] zuwa ga tsaro a cikin tsaunuka" a cikin Nuwamba 2001 yayin da tsaro na Taliban ke rugujewa.  Wani labari ya nuna cewa sojojin Afghanistan da ke da alaka da Amurka sun kwace Baradar da wasu ’yan Taliban a wani lokaci a wannan watan, amma jami’an leken asirin Pakistan sun samu nasarar sake su.  Wani labarin da Bette Dam ya ruwaito ya nuna cewa Baradar ya ceci Hamid Karzai, dan uwansa dan kabilar Popalzai, daga mummunan hatsari a lokacin da na baya ya shiga Afganistan don gina goyon bayan 'yan Taliban. 

An tsara sabuwar gwamnatin Afghanistan bisa yarjejeniyar Bonn na Disamba 2001 ; Hamid Karzai ya kasance shugaban rikon kwarya sannan kuma shugaban kasar Afghanistan. A yanzu Baradar ya samu kansa yana yakar dakarun kasa da kasa da sabuwar gwamnatin Afganistan. A cewar masanin tarihi kuma manazarci Carter Malkasian, shawarar Baradar na sake ɗaukar makamai bayan 2001 mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga gazawar Karzai na shigar da Taliban a cikin loya jirga na 2002 da kuma aiwatar da afuwar da zai ba shi damar da sauran Taliban. 'yan kungiyar su zauna lafiya a Afghanistan bayan Taliban. An kashe wasu kwamandojin Taliban da yawa a cikin shekaru bayan harin farko, ciki har da abokin hamayyar Baradar Dadullah, wanda aka kashe a lardin Helmand a shekara ta 2007. Daga karshe Baradar ya tashi ya jagoranci Quetta Shura kuma ya zama shugaban kungiyar Taliban, inda ya jagoranci tayar da kayar baya daga Pakistan.  Jami'an diflomasiyyar kasashen yamma sun dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda ke cikin Shura wadanda suka fi bude kofa ga gwamnatin Afganistan, kuma sun fi jurewa tasiri daga leken asirin Pakistan Inter-Services . An siffanta shi da hikima a matsayin "shugaban kabilar Pashtun tsohon zamani" kuma mai gina yarjejeniya.

Duk da ayyukan soji da ya yi, Baradar ya kasance a bayan yunƙurin fara tattaunawar zaman lafiya da yawa, musamman a 2004 da 2009,  kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin wani muhimmin sashi na yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.  

 Dauri a Pakistan, 2010-2018 
Hukumar leken asirin Pakistan ta Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) ta kama Baradar a ƙarshen Janairu  ko farkon Fabrairu 2010  a Karachi .     Sai dai Pakistan ta tabbatar da kamen mako guda kuma ministan harkokin cikin gida na Pakistan Rehman Malik ya musanta rahotannin da ke cewa jami'an Amurka na da hannu a kamen.  A cewar rahoton jaridar New York Times jim kadan bayan kamasu, hukumomin leken asirin Amurka sun sanar da jami'an yaki da ta'addanci na Pakistan game da wani taron mayakan da ke da alaka da Baradar, sai dai bayan da aka kama wasu mutane da dama ne suka fahimci guda daya. Baradar kansa.  Kamar yadda jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito watanni bayan haka, jami'an Pakistan din suna ikirarin cewa shi kansa Baradar ne suke kai hari, saboda a asirce yana tattaunawa da gwamnatin Afganistan ba tare da sa hannun Pakistan ba, wacce ta dade tana goyon bayan Taliban. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa ISI sun bi sawun wayar Baradar zuwa wani yanki na Karachi, sun yi kira ga CIA da ta yi amfani da na'urar bincike mai zurfi don gano ainihin inda yake, sannan 'yan Pakistan suka shiga don kama shi. Jaridar New York Times ta kammala da cewa har yanzu ba a san abubuwan da suka faru da dalilai ba.  Labarin ba a ɗan ɗanɗana a cikin jaridun Pakistan lokacin da aka fara watsewa, sai dai jaridar Dawn, wacce ta buga cikakkun bayanai.  Abdul Qayyum Zakir ya zama shugaban sojojin Taliban bayan kama Baradar.
Ko da yake wasu manazarta na ganin kamun Baradar wani gagarumin sauyi ne a matsayin Pakistan,  wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa Pakistan ta kama Baradar ne domin ta dakatar da tattaunawarsa da gwamnatin Karzai, domin Pakistan ta samu kujera a teburin. - saboda yarjejeniya tsakanin Taliban da gwamnatin Karzai na iya hana Pakistan tasiri a Afghanistan.  Wani ra'ayi na cewa Janar Ashfaq Parvez Kayani na Pakistan yana amfani da jerin tsare tsare na Taliban don taimakawa wajen tsawaita aikinsa fiye da ranar da aka tsara zai yi ritaya a watan Nuwamba na 2010, ra'ayin cewa hakan zai daga matsayinsa a tsakanin masu tsara manufofin Amurka kuma ta haka ne ya matsa wa gwamnatin Pakistan lamba ta ci gaba da rikewa. shi.  Rahotanni sun ce gwamnatin Afghanistan na tattaunawa da Baradar a asirce kuma an ce kama shi ya harzuka shugaba Hamid Karzai . 

Duk da ikirari da aka yi na cewa Pakistan za ta kai Baradar zuwa Afganistan idan aka nemi ta yi hakan,  kuma ana ci gaba da fitar da shi,  an cire shi a fili daga rukunin fursunonin Taliban tara da Pakistan ta saki a watan Nuwamba 2012.   A ƙarshe sun sake shi a tsakiyar Oktoba 2018.     Wakilin Washington na musamman Zalmay Khalilzad ya ce ya bukaci Pakistan da ta sake shi, kamar yadda Khalilzad ya yi imanin cewa Baradar zai iya taimakawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya a Afghanistan . 

 Jagorancin bayan fitowa 
An nada Baradar a matsayin mataimakin babban shugaban Taliban kuma shugaban ofishin siyasa na Taliban a Doha, Qatar, a watan Janairun 2019, kimanin watanni uku bayan Pakistan ta sake shi.   Shi ne mafi girma daga cikin mataimakan shugaba guda uku, sauran biyun kuma su ne Sirajuddin Haqqani da Mullah Yaqub .   Ko da yake ya yi aiki a karkashin babban shugaban kasa Hibatullah Akhundzada, a cewar The Economist, da The Diplomat, Baradar an dauke shi a matsayin shugaban Taliban na gaskiya . Hänni, Adrian (30 October 2018).   Sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Mike Pompeo ya kira shi "dan wasa nagartaccen dan wasa" a wata ganawa da ya yi da shugaban kasar Afghanistan na lokacin Ashraf Ghani . 

A watan Fabrairun 2020, Baradar ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Doha kan janye sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan a madadin Taliban. 

A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2021, Baradar ya koma Afghanistan a karon farko tun bayan faduwar gwamnatin Taliban ta farko a 2001.  An yi ta rade-radin cewa zai zama shugaban Afghanistan bayan hambarar da gwamnatin Ashraf Ghani da Taliban suka yi a watan Agustan 2021.   A ranar 23 ga Agusta 2021, Daraktan CIA William J. Burns ya yi wata ganawar sirri da Baradar a Kabul don tattauna wa'adin ranar 31 ga Agusta na janye sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan.  

A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2021, an ba da rahoton cewa, kwanaki da yawa ba a ga Baradar a bainar jama'a ba, kuma ana ta rade-radin an ji masa rauni ko kuma an kashe shi a rikicin da ya barke a sabuwar gwamnatin Afghanistan.  Washegari aka fitar da hirar bidiyo da Baradar, inda ya musanta jita-jitar.  A yayin muhawarar shugaban Amurka na 2 ga 2024, tsohon shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ambaci rawar da Baradar ya taka a tattaunawar da ta kai ga kawo karshen yakin . 

 Magana 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968
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