Bala'i na filin jirgin sama na Tenerife

Bala'i na filin jirgin sama na Tenerifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife_airport_disaster Bala'in filin jirgin sama na Tenerife ya faru ne a ranar 27 ga Maris 1977, lokacin da wasu jiragen fasinja Boeing 747 guda biyu suka yi karo a kan titin jirgin sama a filin jirgin sama na Los Rodeos (yanzu filin jirgin sama na Tenerife North) a tsibirin Tenerife na Spain. Hatsarin ya afku ne a lokacin da jirgin KLM mai lamba 4805 ya fara tashi a cikin hazo mai yawan gaske, inda ya yi karo da bangaren dama na jirgin Pan Am mai lamba 1736 da ke kan titin jirgin. Tasirin da gobarar da ta haddasa ta kashe dukkan mutane 248 da ke cikin jirgin na KLM da kuma 335 daga cikin 396 da ke cikin jirgin na Pan Am, inda 61 ne kawai suka tsira da rayukansu a sashen gaba na jirgin na karshen. Tare da adadin mutane 583 da suka mutu, bala'in shine hatsari mafi muni a tarihin jiragen sama."The Tenerife Airport Disaster – the worst in aviation history"

Jiragen guda biyu sun sauka a birnin Los Rodeos da safiyar yau, kuma suna daga cikin wasu jiragen da aka karkata zuwa Los Rodeos sakamakon fashewar wani bam a wurin da suka nufi filin jirgin na Gran Canaria. Filin jirgin ya cika da cunkoson jiragen sama da suka tare titin tasi daya tilo, lamarin da ya tilasta wa jirgin tashi zuwa tasi a kan titin jirgin. Hazo mai kauri na yawo a filin jirgin sama, don haka an rage ganuwa sosai ga matukan jirgi da hasumiyar sarrafawa.http://www.project-tenerife.com/engels/howklmaccept.htm

Binciken da hukumomin Spain suka gudanar a baya-bayan nan ya tabbatar da cewa babban abin da ya haddasa hatsarin shi ne shawarar da kyaftin din KLM ya yi na tashi bisa kuskuren imanin cewa an ba da izinin tashi daga zirga-zirgar jiragen sama (ATC). Masu bincike na Holland sun ba da fifiko ga rashin fahimtar juna a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo tsakanin ma'aikatan KLM da ATC, amma a karshe KLM ya yarda cewa ma'aikatan su ne ke da alhakin hadarin kuma kamfanin jirgin ya amince da biyan diyya ta kudi ga dangin duk wadanda abin ya shafa.http://www.project-tenerife.com/engels/PDF/Dutch_comments.PDF

Bala'in ya yi tasiri mai ɗorewa a masana'antar, yana nuna mahimmanci musamman mahimmancin amfani da daidaitattun kalmomin jimla a cikin sadarwar rediyo. An kuma sake duba hanyoyin jirgin, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kafa ma'aikatan kula da albarkatun ruwa a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na horar da matukan jirgin. An daina ɗaukar kyaftin ɗin ma'asumi, kuma ana ƙarfafa shigar da ma'aikatan jirgin yayin ayyukan jirgin sama.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kNZVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6418%2C7066417

 Tarihin afkuwan bala'in jiragem saman 
Tenerife ya kasance tashar da ba a tsara ba don jiragen biyu. Wurin da suka nufa shi ne Filin jirgin saman Gran Canaria (wanda kuma aka sani da Filin jirgin saman Las Palmas ko Filin jirgin saman Gando), yana hidimar Las Palmas a tsibirin Gran Canaria da ke kusa.https://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/reviews-crash-in-canary-islands-180972227/

Jirgin KLM mai lamba 4805 jirgi ne na shata na Kamfanin Balaguron Kasa da Kasa na Holland kuma ya taso daga filin jirgin saman Amsterdam Schiphol, Netherlands. Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan sun hada da Kyaftin Jacob Veldhuyzen van Zanten (mai shekaru 50), Jami'in Farko Klaas Meurs (42), da Injiniya Willem Schreuder (48).https://books.google.com/books?id=UQwU80HzPEkC&pg=PA40

A lokacin da hatsarin ya faru, Veldhuyzen van Zanten shi ne babban kocin jirgin na KLM, tare da sa'o'i 11,700 na tashi, wanda sa'o'i 1,545 ke cikin 747. Meurs yana da sa'o'i 9,200, wanda 95 hours ya kasance a kan 747. Schreuder yana da sa'o'i 17,031 na jirgin. , wanda 543 hours ya kasance akan 747. Jirgin dai Boeing 747-206B, mai rijista PH-BUF, mai suna Rijn (Rhine). Jirgin na KLM na dauke da ma'aikatan jirgin 14 da fasinjoji 235, ciki har da yara 52. Yawancin fasinjojin KLM 'yan kasar Holland ne; Haka kuma a cikin jirgin akwai Jamusawa hudu, 'yan Austria biyu, da Amurkawa biyu. Bayan da jirgin ya sauka a Tenerife, an kai fasinjojin zuwa tashar jirgin. Daya daga cikin fasinjojin da ke shigowa, Robina van Lanschot, wadda ke zaune a tsibirin tare da saurayinta, ta zabi kada ta sake shiga cikin jirgin mai lamba 747, inda ta bar fasinjoji 234.
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