Rikici na Lebanon da Saudi Arabia na 2017

A shekarar  ta 2017, Fira Ministan Lebanon Saad Hariri ya sanar da murabus dinsa ba zato ba tsammani a lokacin da yake Saudiyya a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba 2017. Jim kadan bayan haka, dangantakar kasashen waje da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu da makwabtan kasashen yankin da ke kawance da juna ta kara yin tsami. A ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba, Saudi Arabiya ta yi ikirarin cewa Lebanon ta shelanta yaki tsakanin kasashen biyu, duk da cewa shugabannin Lebanon sun bayyana akasin haka. A ranar 9 ga watan  Nuwamba, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun nemi 'yan kasarsu da su bar Lebanon. Ana tunanin rikicin wani bangare ne na babban rikici tsakanin Iran da Saudiyya .

Shugaban kasar Labanon da wasu jami'an kasar na ganin cewa Saudiyya ce ta tilastawa Hariri yin murabus din ba zato ba tsammani kuma sun yi ikirarin cewa Saudiyya ta yi garkuwa da shi.  Iran da Hizbullah da wasu manazarta su ma suna ganin cewa hakan ya kasance ne don samar da wata hujjar yaki da Hizbullah.  A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, Hariri ya yi murabus a Beirut amma nan da nan ya dakatar da shi, sannan ya soke murabus din gaba daya a ranar 5 ga Disamba.



 tarihi 
A cikin 1989, Saudi Arabia tare da Amurka sun taimaka wajen sasanta ƙarshen yakin basasar Lebanon na shekaru goma sha biyar ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Taif .  Yarjejeniyar ta bar kungiyar Hizbullah a matsayin kungiyar mayakan sa-kai daya tilo da ke dauke da makamai, saboda gwagwarmayar da take yi da mamayar da Isra'ila ke yi a Kudancin Lebanon .  Bayan ficewar Isra'ila daga Lebanon a shekara ta 2000, kiraye-kirayen da ake yi na a kwance damarar Hizbullah ya karu; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ta bijirewa duk wani yunkuri.  Bayan kisan da aka yi wa Rafik Hariri —wanda aka yi imanin cewa Hizbullah na da hannu, bayan da Hariri ya yi kiran a kwance damarar Hizbullah  —Saudiyya ta yi kira da a gaggauta janyewar Syria daga mamayar Lebanon .  Kasar Saudiyya dai na adawa da tasirin kungiyar Hizbullah a kasar Labanon da kuma shigarta a yakin basasar kasar Siriya, ganin cewa kungiyar na da alaka da Iran sosai . 

 Murabus na Hariri 
A ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2017, a cikin wata sanarwa da aka watsa ta kafar talabijin daga kasar Saudiyya, firaministan kasar Labanon Saad Hariri ya mika takardar murabus dinsa daga mukaminsa, bisa la'akari da yadda Iran da Hizbullah suka tsawaita siyasa a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma fargabar kisan gilla.   Murabus da Hariri ya yi ya haifar da raguwar lamuni na Lebanon tare da gargadin rage darajar bashi . 

Iran ta yi watsi da kalaman Saad Hariri da kakkausan harshe tare da bayyana murabus din nasa a matsayin wani shiri da Amurka da Isra'ila da Saudiyya suke yi na kara kaimi a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]

A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, Hariri ya bayyana a Beirut cewa ya dakatar da murabus din nasa. Ya bayyana cewa shugaba Aoun ya bukace shi da ya “dage shi kafin tuntubar juna.”  Ya ki yin magana game da abin da ya faru a Saudiyya kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa abubuwan da suka faru za su kasance ba a bayyana ba.  A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba ya janye murabus din nasa a wani jawabi da ya yi inda ya jaddada matsayin kasar Labanon a cikin duk wani rikici na yankin. 

 Satar mutane da zargin yin garkuwa da su 
Bayan murabus din Hariri daga Saudiyya ba zato ba tsammani, shugaban kasar Labanon Michel Aoun ya shaidawa jakadun kasashen waje cewa Saudiyya ta yi garkuwa da Hariri.  Yayin da yake nuni da zamansa na kwanaki goma sha biyu a Saudiyya bayan murabus dinsa, Aoun ya ce yana ganin Hariri ne Saudiyya ta tsare shi. 

A cewar dan jarida Robert Fisk, Hariri ba zai iya yin murabus da kansa ba, saboda ya riga ya tsara ziyarar da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya da Bankin Duniya a ranar Litinin mai zuwa.  Haka kuma, Hariri ya isa kasar Saudiyya a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba sanye da tufafi na yau da kullun, saboda yana sa ran zai tafi sansani a cikin jeji tare da Mohammad bin Salman . 

Robert Fisk ya kara da cewa a lokacin da jirgin Hariri ya sauka a filin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Riyadh, ya ga kansa da 'yan sanda sun kewaye shi, inda suka kwace masa wayar salula da na masu tsaron lafiyarsa.  A cewar wani jami'in Amurka da New Yorker ya ambato, daga nan aka tsare Hariri a hannun Saudiyya na tsawon sa'o'i goma sha daya, inda aka dora shi kan kujera inda jami'an Saudiyya suka rika yi masa mari.  A cewar The New Yorker, wani tsohon jami'in Amurka ya bayyana cewa Hariri ya ce "Iran na da niyyar ci gaba da tabbatar da kanta a yankin", bayan ganawa da Ali Akbar Velayati, babban mai ba da shawara ga Jagoran kolin Iran. Hariri kuma ya dauki hoto yana murmushi tare da Velayati. A cewar rahoton The New Yorker, lokacin da Bin Salman ya ji labarin abubuwan da suka faru, "ya fusata", kuma "[h] ya ji kamar ya yi wani abu". 

An ambato wani babban jami'in Amurka a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya yana cewa makircin shi ne "abin da ba shi da kyau da na taba gani."  An yi imanin cewa gaba dayan fiasco wani bangare ne na matakan da yarima mai jiran gado na Saudiyya Muhammad bin Salman ya dauka na dakile tasirin Iran a yankin. 

Kungiyoyin Lebanon da dama masu ra'ayin Iran da Shi'a da suka hada da Hizbullah sun zargi Saudiyya da yin garkuwa da Hariri; Abokan Hariri da mahukuntan Saudiyya sun musanta hakan. Masu sharhi 'yan kasar Lebanon da dama sun yi ta ba'a a kan hotunan Hariri da aka fitar a Saudiyya saboda kamanceceniya da wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su. Shugaban kungiyar Hizbullah ta kasar Labanon Hassan Nasrallah ya bayyana murabus din Hariri da cewa ya sabawa doka kuma mara inganci. A watan Nuwamba ne aka sanar da cewa Hariri na kan hanyarsa daga Saudiyya zuwa Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa . Kafafen yada labarai na jam'iyyar Hariri sun ruwaito cewa zai wuce zuwa Bahrain daga baya kuma ya koma Beirut, amma daga baya aka soke dukkan wadannan tafiye-tafiyen kuma an mayar da shi Riyadh.    Da alama dai an tilasta wa Hariri zama a masaukin baki na gidan iyalansa da ke Riyadh, inda ya yi hira da manema labarai, kuma da alama bai samu damar shiga tufafin sa ba, saboda an dauki hotonsa yana fita da manyan takalmi. 

 Zargin ayyana yakin 
Bangarorin biyu na rikicin sun tabbatar da cewa daya bangaren ya shelanta yaki yadda ya kamata . A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2017, Saudi Arabiya ta kama wani makami mai linzami da aka harba daga Yemen, mai yiyuwa zuwa Riyadh babban birnin Saudiyya.  Ministan harkokin wajen Saudiyya Adel al-Jubeir ya yi ikirarin cewa, an yi jigilar makami mai linzami zuwa 'yan tawayen Houthi na Yaman ta hannun jami'an Hizbullah. "Za mu dauki gwamnatin Lebanon a matsayin gwamnatin da ke shelanta yaki saboda mayakan Hizbullah," in ji Thamer al-Sabhan, karamin ministan kula da harkokin yankin Gulf na Farisa a wata kafar yada labarai ta Al Arabiya da ke karkashin ikon Saudiyya. 'Yan gwagwarmayar Hizbullah ne suka yi garkuwa da Lebanon, kuma Iran ce a bayanta. 

A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamban 2017, shugaban kungiyar Hizbullah Hassan Nasrallah shi ma ya bayyana cewa, Saudiyya ta shelanta yaki a kan Lebanon da Hizbullah. 

 Bincike 
Wasu manazarta sun yi hasashen cewa murabus din Hariri zai iya kawo karshen tsarin raba madafun iko a Lebanon karkashin yarjejeniyar Taif .  Lokaci na murabus din Hariri ya yi dai-dai da matakin share fage na Saudiyya a shekarar 2017, lamarin da ya sa wasu ke hasashen cewa wani bangare ne na shirin na Muhammad bin Salman na kara karfin mulki.    Har ila yau, ana kallon ta a matsayin wata babbar rawar da Saudiyya ta taka wajen kara karfin da take da shi a Lebanon da kuma daidaita ribar da Iran ta samu a Iraki da Siriya.   Robert Fisk ya bayar da hujjar cewa murabus din Hariri ya yi ne a karkashin tilastawa Saudiyya da nufin tilastawa kungiyar Hizbullah ficewa daga majalisar dokokin Lebanon da kuma haddasa yakin basasa a kasar. 

Wani farfesa a tarihin Amurka ya yi iƙirarin cewa shugaba Aoun na fargabar rasa madafun iko a watan Mayun 2018 a zaɓen majalisar dokokin ƙasar da yuwuwar kawancen Sunni da Kirista da zai iya kawar da Hezbollah da ƙawayenta. 

 Halin kasa da kasa 
A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2017, Saudiyya da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Kuwait sun bukaci 'yan kasarsu da ke Lebanon da su gaggauta ficewa daga kasar. A baya-bayan nan, Saudiyya ta bayyana cewa tana daukar "ayyukan wuce gona da iri" da kungiyar Hizbullah ta yi a matsayin 'kasar Lebanon ta shelanta yaki a kanta'.   

A ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamban 2017, shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya kai wata ziyarar bazata zuwa Saudiyya a cikin rikicin da ke kara kamari. Faransa abokiyar kawance ce ta Lebanon .  Sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Rex Tillerson ya yi gargadin cewa, duk wata jam'iyya, a ciki ko wajen kasar Lebanon, tana amfani da Lebanon a matsayin wata kafa ta 'yan amshin shata ko kuma ta kowace hanya da ke haifar da rashin zaman lafiya a kasar.  Jami'an Amurka da na Turai sun matsa wa Saudi Arabiya a asirce don ja da baya daga matsayin ta na adawa, wanda, a cewar The Economist, an kula.  Sai dai masu magana da yawun ma'aikatun harkokin wajen Faransa da Jamus sun ce ba su da wani dalilin da zai sa a ce ana ci gaba da tsare Hariri ba tare da son ransa ba.  

Ministan leken asirin Isra'ila, Yisrael Katz, ya bayyana murabus din a matsayin wani sabon salo ga yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana mai cewa "yanzu ne lokacin da za a matsa lamba da mayar da kungiyar Hizbullah saniyar ware, har sai ta yi rauni, kuma a karshe za ta kwance damara." 

Shugaban addinin Maronit Bechara Boutros al-Rahi ya shaidawa yarima mai jiran gadon Saudiyya a Riyadh cewa yana goyon bayan dalilan murabus din Hariri. 

A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2017, shugaban Faransa Macron ya gayyaci Saad Hariri da iyalansa zuwa Faransa. Hariri ya bar Saudiyya zuwa Faransa, kafin ya koma Beirut domin mika takardar murabus dinsa a hukumance. Faransawa sun dage cewa tayin ba na gudun hijira ba ne. 

 Duba kuma 

 dangantakar Lebanon da Saudi Arabia
 dangantakar Iran da Saudi Arabia
 Dangantakar Iran da Lebanon
 Rikici tsakanin Iran da Saudi Arabia
 Hulda da Hizbullah
 2017-19 Saudi Arabiya
 2017 Amurka-Saudiyya yarjejeniyar makamai
 Mutanen Lebanon a Saudiyya
 Rikicin diflomasiya tsakanin Qatar da Saudiyya
 Rikicin diflomasiyya na Qatar

 Manazarta 

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