Henry IV Na England

Henry I (c. Afrilu 1367 - 20 Maris 1413), kuma aka sani da Henry Bolingbroke, shi ne Sarkin Ingila daga 1399 zuwa 1413. Henry ɗan John na Gaunt ne, Duke na Lancaster (ɗan Edward III na uku), da Blanche. ko Lancaster.[3]

Henry ya shiga cikin tawaye na 1388 na Lords Appellant akan Richard II, dan uwansa na farko, amma ba a hukunta shi ba. Duk da haka, an kore shi daga kotu a shekara ta 1398. Bayan mahaifin Henry ya rasu a shekara ta 1399, Richard ya hana Henry gadon gonakin mahaifinsa. A waccan shekarar, Henry ya tara gungun magoya bayansa, ya hambarar da shi, ya daure Richard II, ya kuma kwace mulki; Wadannan ayyukan daga baya sun ba da gudummawa ga rikice-rikice na dynastic a cikin Wars na Roses (1455-1487).

Henry shi ne shugaban Ingilishi na farko wanda harshen asalinsa yaren Ingilishi ne (maimakon Faransanci) tun lokacin da Norman Conquest, sama da shekaru ɗari uku da suka gabata.[4] A matsayinsa na sarki, ya fuskanci tawaye da yawa, musamman na Owain Glyndŵr, Yariman Wales na ƙarshe na Wales, da kuma Baƙin Ingila Henry Percy (Hotspur), wanda aka kashe a Yaƙin Shrewsbury a 1403. Henry IV yana da yara shida. daga aurensa na farko da Mary de Bohun, yayin da aurensa na biyu da Joan na Navarre bai haifar da 'ya'ya masu rai ba. Babban ɗan Henry da Maryamu, Henry na Monmouth, sun ɗauki ragamar gwamnati a shekara ta 1410 yayin da lafiyar sarki ta tsananta. Henry IV ya mutu a shekara ta 1413, kuma dansa ya gaje shi a matsayin Henry V.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

1 Farkon Rayuwa

2 Rikici a kotu

2.1 Dangantaka da Richard II

3 Shigarwa

4 Mulki

4.1 Tawaye

4.2 Alakar kasashen waje

4.3 Rashin lafiya na ƙarshe da mutuwa

4.3.1 Jana'iza

5 Lakabi da makamai

5.1 Take

5.2 Makamai

6 Asalinsa

7 Aure da batutuwa

7.1 Aure na farko: Mary de Bohun

7.2 Aure na biyu: Joan na Navarre

7.3 Ma'aurata

8 Duba kuma

9 Bayanan kula

10 Nassoshi

10.1 Abubuwan da aka ambata

10.2 Karin karatu

11 Hagu na waje

Rayuwar farko

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An haifi Henry a Bolingbroke Castle, a cikin Lincolnshire, ga John na Gaunt da Blanche na Lancaster.[3] An samo takensa "Bolingbroke" daga mahaifarsa. Gaunt shi ne ɗa na uku ga Sarki Edward III. Blanche ita ce 'yar attajirin dan siyasar sarauta kuma mai martaba Henry, Duke na Lancaster. Gaunt ya ji daɗin matsayin da ya yi tasiri sosai a lokacin mulkin ɗan'uwansa, Sarki Richard II. Yayyen Henry sune Philippa, Sarauniyar Portugal, da Elizabeth, Duchess na Exeter. Ƙanwarsa Katherine, Sarauniyar Castile, 'yar Gaunt ce tare da matarsa ​​ta biyu, Constance na Castile. Har ila yau Henry yana da 'yan'uwa hudu da aka haifa daga Katherine Swynford, asalin mulkin 'yan uwansa, sa'an nan kuma tsohuwar uwargidan mahaifinsa kuma daga baya matarsa ​​ta uku. Wadannan shege (ko da yake daga baya sun halatta) an ba wa yara suna Beaufort daga wurin haifuwarsu a Château de Beaufort a Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Faransa.[5].

Henry tadangantakarsa da uwarsa Katherine Swynford ta kasance mai farin ciki, amma dangantakarsa da Beauforts ta bambanta. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, yana da alama ya kasance kusa da su duka, amma hamayya da Henry da Thomas Beaufort sun haifar da matsala bayan 1406. Ralph Neville, Baron Neville na 4, ya auri 'yar'uwar Henry Joan Beaufort. Neville ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan magoya bayansa, haka ma babban ɗan'uwansa John Beaufort, ko da yake Henry ya soke kyautar Richard II ga John na marquesate. Ɗan Katherine Swynford daga aurenta na farko, Thomas, wani abokin aminci ne. Thomas Swynford ya kasance Constable na Pontefract Castle, inda aka ce Richard II ya mutu.

Rikici a kotu

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Dangantaka da Richard II

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￼Henry na Bolingbroke, wanda sarakunan ruhi da na wucin gadi ke gefensa, ya yi iƙirarin kursiyin a 1399. Daga wani rubutun zamani, Laburaren Biritaniya, Tarin Harleian

Henry ya sami dangantaka marar daidaituwa da Sarki Richard II fiye da mahaifinsa. 'Yan uwan ​​farko da abokan wasan yara, an shigar da su tare a matsayin mawaƙa na Order of Garter a 1377, amma Henry ya shiga cikin tawaye na Lords Appellants ga sarki a 1387.[6]. Bayan ya sake samun mulki, Richard bai hukunta Henry ba, ko da yake ya kashe ko kuma korar da yawa daga cikin sauran 'yan tawaye. Haƙiƙa, Richard ya ɗaukaka Henry daga Earl na Derby zuwa Duke na Hereford.[7]

Henry ya ciyar da dukan 1390 yana goyon bayan rashin nasarar kewaye Vilnius (babban birnin Grand Duchy na Lithuania) na Teutonic Knights tare da 70 zuwa 80 na gida.[8] A lokacin wannan kamfen, ya sayi mata da yara 'yan Lithuania da aka kama kuma ya mayar da su zuwa Königsberg don su tuba, ko da yake Lithuania sun riga sun yi baftisma da limaman Poland shekaru goma a lokacin.[9]

Balaguro na biyu na Henry zuwa Lithuania a cikin 1392 ya kwatanta fa'idodin kuɗi ga oda na waɗannan 'yan Salibiyya baƙi. Ƙananan sojojinsa sun ƙunshi mutane fiye da 100, ciki har da maharba na dogon baka da maharba shida, a kan jimlar kuɗin Lancastrian na £ 4,360. Duk da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen Henry da ’yan Salibiyya na Ingilishi, shekaru biyu na hare-haren da aka kai wa Vilnius ya zama marar amfani. A cikin 1392-93 Henry ya gudanar da aikin hajji zuwa Urushalima, inda ya yi hadayu a kabari mai tsarki da kuma a Dutsen Zaitun.[10] Daga baya kuma ya sha alwashin jagorantar yakin ‘yan ta’adda don ‘yantar da Kudus daga hannun kafiri, amma ya mutu kafin a cimma hakan.[11]

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin Henry da Richard ta sami rikici na biyu. A cikin 1398, wani jawabi game da mulkin Richard na Thomas de Mowbray, Duke na Norfolk na farko, Henry ya fassara shi da cin amana, wanda ya kai rahoto ga sarki.[12] Sarakunan biyu sun amince da yin wani duel na girmamawa (wanda Richard ke kira) a Gosford Green kusa da Caludon Castle, gidan Mowbray a Coventry. Amma duk da haka kafin a yi fafatawar, Richard ya yanke shawarar korar Henry daga masarautar (tare da amincewar mahaifin Henry, John na Gaunt), ko da yake ba a san inda ya yi gudun hijira ba, don guje wa zubar da jini. Mowbray an yi hijira zuwa rayuwa.[13]

John na Gaunt ya mutu a watan Fabrairu 1399.[13] Ba tare da bayani ba, Richard ya soke takardun doka da za su ba Henry damar ya gaji ƙasar Gaunt ta atomatik. Maimakon haka, za a buƙaci Henry ya tambayi Richard filayen.[14]

shiga

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Bayan ɗan jinkiri, Henry ya sadu da Thomas Arundel da ke gudun hijira, tsohon babban limamin Canterbury, wanda ya rasa matsayinsa saboda haɗin gwiwarsa da mai gabatar da kara [14]. Henry da Arundel sun koma Ingila yayin da Richard ke yakin neman zabe a Ireland. Tare da Arundel a matsayin mai ba shi shawara, Henry ya fara yakin soja, yana kwace ƙasa daga waɗanda suka yi hamayya da shi kuma ya umurci sojojinsa su lalata yawancin Cheshire. Henry da farko ya sanar da cewa ya yi niyyar kwato hakkinsa a matsayin Duke na Lancaster, ko da yake ya sami isasshen iko da goyon baya don ya bayyana kansa Sarki Henry IV, kurkuku.Richard (wanda ya mutu a gidan yari, mai yiwuwa ya mutu da yunwa,[15]) kuma ya ƙetare magajin Richard, Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl na Maris.[16]

Nadin sarautar Henry na 13 ga Oktoba 1399 a Westminster Abbey[17] na iya zama karo na farko tun bayan Nasara na Norman da sarki ya yi jawabi a cikin Turanci.

A cikin Janairu 1400, Henry ya rushe Epiphany Rising, tawayen da magoya bayan Richard suka yi don kashe shi. An yi wa Henry gargaɗi kuma ya tara sojoji a London, inda maharan suka gudu. An kama su kuma aka kashe su ba tare da shari’a ba.

Mulki
Naɗin sarauta na Henry IV na Ingila, daga rubutun ƙarni na 15 na Tarihi na Jean Froissart

Henry ya rika tuntubar majalisa akai-akai, amma a wasu lokuta yana samun sabani da mambobin, musamman kan al'amuran coci. A cikin Janairu 1401, Arundel ya kira wani taro a St. Paul's Cathedral don yin jawabi ga Lollardy.[18] Henry ya aika wata ƙungiya domin ta roƙi limaman coci da su magance ƴan bidi’a da ke kawo hargitsi a Ingila da ruɗani tsakanin Kiristoci, da kuma hukunta waɗanda ke da hannu.[19] Bayan ɗan lokaci taro tare da majalisar wakilai suka nemi Henry ya ɗauki mataki a kan Lollards[20]. A kan wannan shawara, Henry ya samu daga Majalisar Dokokin De heretico comburendo a shekara ta 1401, wanda ya ba da umarnin kona ’yan bidi’a, aikin da aka yi shi ne don murkushe harkar Lollard[20]. A cikin 1404 da 1410, Majalisar ta ba da shawarar kwace ƙasar coci, inda duka ƙoƙarin biyun suka kasa samun goyon baya.[21]

Tawaye

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￼Azurfa rabin rabin-gidan na Henry IV, York Museums Trust

Henry ya shafe yawancin mulkinsa yana kare kansa daga makirci, tawaye, da yunkurin kisa. Babbar matsalar Henry ta farko a matsayin sarki ita ce abin da zai yi da Richard da aka kora. Bayan da aka rushe makircin kisan kai na farko a cikin Janairu 1400, Richard ya mutu a gidan yari yana da shekaru 33, watakila yunwa ta kashe bisa umarnin Henry. tare da abin da aka sani game da halin Richard. Ko da yake bayanan majalisar sun nuna cewa an yi tanadin jigilar gawar sarkin tun ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, amma babu wani dalili da zai sa a ce bai mutu ba a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, kamar yadda tarihi da yawa suka bayyana. Za a iya cewa, bai yi mummunar mutuwa ba, domin kwarangwal, da aka bincika, ba ya da alamun tashin hankali; ko da gaske ya kashe kansa ko kuma wannan yunwa ta tilasta masa, al'amura ne na hasashe na tarihi [22].

Bayan mutuwarsa, an nuna gawar Richard a bainar jama'a a cikin Old St Paul's Cathedral, [23] duka don tabbatar wa magoya bayansa cewa ya mutu da gaske kuma don tabbatar da cewa bai sha wani mummunan kisa ba. Hakan bai hana jita-jita da ake yaɗawa shekaru da yawa bayan haka yana raye kuma yana jiran ya karɓe gadon sarautarsa, kuma gawar da aka nuna na babban limamin Richard ne, wani firist mai suna Maudelain, wanda ya yi kama da shi sosai. Henry ya sa aka binne gawar cikin hikima a cikin Dominican Priory a Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, [24] inda ya kasance har sai da sarki Henry V ya dawo da gawar Landan ya binne shi a cikin kabarin da Richard ya ba wa kansa izini a Westminster Abbey.[25] ]]

Tawaye sun ci gaba a cikin shekaru 10 na farko na mulkin Henry, ciki har da tawayen Owain Glyndŵr, wanda ya ayyana kansa yarima na Wales a 1400, [26] da tawayen da Henry Percy ya jagoranta, 1st Earl na Northumberland, daga 1403. Tawayen Percy na farko. Ya ƙare a yakin Shrewsbury a 1403 tare da mutuwar ɗan kunne Henry, sanannen sojan da aka sani da "Hotspur" saboda saurinsa a gaba da kuma shirye-shiryen kai hari. Haka kuma a wannan yakin, babban dan Henry IV, Henry na Monmouth, daga baya Sarki Henry V, ya ji rauni da kibiya a fuskarsa. Yan gidan sarauta ne suka kula dashilikita John Bradmore. Duk da haka, yakin Shrewsbury nasara ce ta sarauta. Ƙarfin soja na Monmouth ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar sarki (ko da yake Monmouth ya karɓi iko mai tasiri daga mahaifinsa a 1410).

A cikin shekara ta ƙarshe ta mulkin Henry, 'yan tawayen sun yi sauri. "An sake farfado da tsohuwar tatsuniya na mai rai Richard", in ji wani rahoto, "kuma jakadu daga Scotland sun ratsa ƙauyukan Ingila, a cikin shekara ta ƙarshe ta mulkin Henry, suna bayyana cewa Richard yana zaune a Kotun Scotland, yana jiran kawai sigina daga abokansa su gyara Landan su kwato gadon sarautarsa."

An sami wani maƙaryaci mai kamanceceniya kuma tsohon angon sarki Richard ya zagaya a cikin birni cewa ubangidansa yana raye a Scotland. Sir Elias Lyvet (Levett) da abokin aikinsa Thomas Clark, wanda ya yi alkawarin ba da taimako ga Scotland don aiwatar da tayar da "Southwark an tunzura shi zuwa tawaye." Daga karshe dai tawayen ya zama babu komai. An saki Lyvet kuma aka jefa Clark cikin Hasumiyar London.[27]

Alakar kasashen waje
Manuel II Palaiologos (a hagu) tare da Henry IV (dama) a London, Disamba 1400[28]

A farkon mulkinsa, Henry ya karbi bakuncin Manuel II Palaiologos, Sarkin Rumawa daya tilo da ya taba ziyartar Ingila, daga Disamba 1400 zuwa Fabrairu 1401 a Eltham Palace, tare da nuna farin ciki da girmamawa. Har ila yau Henry ya aika da tallafin kuɗi tare da Manuel bayan tafiyarsa don taimaka masa a yaƙi da Daular Usmaniyya.[29]

A cikin 1406, 'yan fashin teku na Ingila sun kama James I na Scotland na gaba, yana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, a bakin tekun Flamborough Head yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Faransa.[30] An kai James ga Henry IV kuma ya kasance fursuna har sai bayan mutuwar ɗan Henry, Henry V.[31].

Rashin lafiya na ƙarshe da mutuwa
Shekarun baya na mulkin Henry sun kasance da manyan matsalolin lafiya. Yana da cutar fata mai lalacewa kuma, mafi muni, ya sha fama da munanan hare-haren rashin lafiya a watan Yuni 1405; Afrilu 1406; Yuni 1408; a lokacin hunturu na 1408-09; Disamba 1412; kuma a ƙarshe an yi mummunar faɗuwa a cikin Maris 1413. A cikin 1410, Henry ya ba wa likitan likitansa Thomas Morstede kuɗin shekara na fam 40. wanda Henry V ya tabbatar da shi nan da nan bayan ya gaje shi. Wannan ya kasance ne don kada Morstede ya kasance "kowa ya riƙe shi"[32]. Masana tarihi na likitanci sun dade suna muhawara game da yanayin wannan kunci ko kunci. Wataƙila cutar kuturta ta kasance kuturta (wanda ba lallai ba ne yana nufin ainihin abu ɗaya a cikin ƙarni na 15 kamar yadda yake ga likitan zamani), wataƙila psoriasis, ko kuma wata cuta dabam. An ba da cikakkun bayanai game da mummunan hare-haren, tun daga farfadiya zuwa nau'i na cututtukan zuciya.[33]. Wasu marubuta na zamanin da suna jin cewa an buge shi da kuturta a matsayin hukunci saboda yadda ya yi wa Richard le Scrope, Archbishop na York, wanda aka kashe a watan Yuni 1405 bisa umarnin Henry bayan juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba[34].

A cewar Holinshed, an yi hasashen cewa Henry zai mutu a Urushalima, kuma wasan kwaikwayon Shakespeare ya maimaita wannan annabcin. Henry ya ɗauki wannan yana nufin cewa zai mutu a yaƙin yaƙi. A hakikanin gaskiya, ya mutu a zauren Jerusalem a gidan abbot na Westminster Abbey, a ranar 20 ga Maris 1413 a lokacin taron majalisar.[35] Wanda ya zartar da hukuncin, Thomas Langley, yana gefensa.

Binne
Henry IV da Joan na Navarre, dalla-dalla game da fiffijin su a Canterbury Cathedral￼ 16th karni na 16 zanen zane na Henry IV, National Portrait Gallery, London

Duk da misalin da akasarin magabata na baya-bayan nan suka kafa, Henry da matarsa ​​ta biyu, Joan, ba a binne su a Westminster Abbey ba amma a Canterbury Cathedral, a arewacin Trinity Chapel kuma kai tsaye kusa da wurin ibada na St Thomas Becket. Tunanin Becket yana ci gaba da bunƙasa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin lissafin zuhudu da kuma a cikin ayyukan adabi kamar The Canterbury Tales, kuma Henry ya kasance mai sadaukarwa da shi musamman, ko aƙalla yana sha'awar alaƙa da shi. Dalilan sashiga cikin Canterbury abu ne da za a iya muhawara, amma akwai yiyuwar Henry da gangan ya danganta kansa da waliyyi shahidi saboda dalilai na siyasa, wato halascin daularsa bayan ya kwace mulki daga hannun Richard II.[36] Mahimmanci, a lokacin nadin sarautarsa, an shafe shi da mai mai tsarki wanda aka bayar da rahoton cewa Budurwa Maryamu ta ba Becket jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa a cikin 1170;[37] [38] an sanya wannan mai a cikin wani akwati dabam na zinariya mai siffar gaggafa. A cewar wani sigar tatsuniya, man ya koma ga kakan mahaifiyar Henry, Henry na Grosmont, Duke na Lancaster.[39]

Tabbacin haɗin kai na Henry da Becket ya ta'allaka ne a wani bangare na tsarin kabarin da kansa. Tambarin katako da ke yammacin ƙarshen kabarinsa yana ɗauke da hoton shahadar Becket, kuma mai gwadawa, ko alfarwar katako, a saman kabarin an zana shi da taken kansa na Henry, 'Soverayne', wanda ƙawancen zinariya masu rawani suka canza shi. Haka nan, manyan riguna guda uku waɗanda suka mamaye zanen gwaji suna kewaye da ƙulla na SS, gaggafa ta zinariya da ke kewaye da kowane taya.[40] Kasancewar irin waɗannan dalilai na mikiya suna nuni ne kai tsaye ga man nadin sarautar Henry da haɗin gwiwarsa na akida da Becket. Wani lokaci bayan mutuwar Henry, an gina wani katon kabari don shi da sarauniyarsa, mai yiwuwa Sarauniya Joan ta ba da izini kuma ta biya shi.[41] A saman akwatin kabarin an kwanta cikakkun alamun alabaster na Henry da Joan, suna sanye da rawani kuma suna sanye da rigunansu na bikin. A bayyane yake an yi wa jikin Henry kyau sosai, a matsayin wani tone-kone a cikin 1832 da aka kafa, wanda ya ba wa masana tarihi damar faɗi da tabbaci mai ma'ana cewa zane-zanen suna wakiltar ingantacciyar hoto.[42][43]

Lakabi da makamai

Salon Earl na Derby (1377–1397);[44]

Earl na Northampton da Hereford (22 Disamba 1384 - 30 Satumba 1399);[45]

Duke na Hereford (29 Satumba 1397 - 30 Satumba 1399);[45]

Duke na Lancaster (3 Fabrairu - 30 Satumba 1399); [45]

Sarkin Ingila da Ubangijin Ireland (30 Satumba 1399 - 20 Maris 1413).[46]

Makamai
Kafin mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1399, Henry ya ɗauki makamai na mulkin, wanda aka bambanta da alamar maki biyar. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, bambancin ya canza zuwa lakabin maki biyar a kowace kodadde ermine da Faransa.[47]

Bayan hawansa a matsayin sarki, Henry ya sabunta makaman masarautar don daidaitawa a cikin na masarautar Faransa daga fagen fleur-de-lys zuwa uku kawai.

Jirgin makamai kamar Duke na Hereford



￼

Gashin makamai kamar Duke na Hereford da Lancaster



￼

Gashi na makamai kamar Earl na 3rd na Derby, KG



￼

Nasarar Henry a matsayin sarki tare da tsoffin hannun Faransa



￼

Nasarar sarauta a matsayin sarki

Asalin asali

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nuna

f

t

e

Iyalan sarauta na Ingila a cikin Wars na Roses

Aure da batutuwa

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Aure na farko: Mary de Bohun

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Henry ya auri Mary de Bohun (ya mutu a shekara ta 1394) ba a san kwanan wata ba, [48] amma lasisin aurenta, wanda mahaifin Henry John na Gaunt ya saya a watan Yuni 1380, ana adana shi a cikin Taskar Tarihi ta Kasa. Ranar da aka yarda da bikin shine 5 ga Fabrairu 1381, a gidan dangin Maryamu na Rochford Hall, Essex.[35] Marubucin tarihin nan na kusa Jean Froissart ya ba da rahoton jita-jita cewa 'yar'uwar Maryamu Eleanor de Bohun ta sace Maryamu daga Pleshey Castle kuma ta riƙe ta a Arundel Castle, inda aka ajiye ta a matsayin ƙwararrun mata; Manufar Eleanor ita ce ta sarrafa rabin Maryamu na gadon Bohun (ko kuma ta ƙyale mijinta, Thomas, Duke na Gloucester, ya sarrafa shi).[49] A can aka shawo kan Maryamu ta auri Henry. Suna da 'ya'ya shida:[b]

NameArmsBlazonHenry V na Ingila (1386–1422), ɗa na 1[3] Beaufort, 1st Earl na Somerset, kuma 'yar Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl na Kent, ba tare da zuriya ba.￼Arms of KingHenry IV tare da alamar maki uku argent kowanne wanda aka tuhume shi da wuraren ermine guda uku da canton gules don bambanci John, Duke na Bedford (1389-1435), ɗa na 3, [3] wanda ya yi aure sau biyu: na farko ga Anne na Burgundy (d. 1432)), 'yar Yahaya Mai Tsoro, ba tare da zuriya ba. Na biyu zuwa Jacquetta na Luxembourg, ba tare da zuriya ba. Halatta zuriyarsu: na farko zuwa ga Jacqueline, Countess na Hainaut da Holland (d.1436), 'yar William VI, Count of Hainaut. Ta wannan aure Gloucester ya ɗauki taken "Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainault". Na biyu ga Eleanor Cobham, uwargidansa. Pomerania, sarkin Denmark, Norway da Sweden.[51]

Henry yana da 'ya'ya maza hudu daga aurensa na farko, wanda babu shakka ya kasance abin da ke damun shi a yarda da shi ga kursiyin. Ya bambanta, Richard II ba shi da yara kuma magajin Richard Edmund Mortimer yana da shekaru bakwai kawai. Biyu kawai daga cikin ’ya’yan Henry shida da suka haifi ’ya’ya na halal don tsira har su girma su ne Henry V da Blanche, wanda ɗansu, Rupert, shi ne magaji ga Zaɓen Palatin har zuwa mutuwarsa yana da shekara 20. Duk sauran ’ya’yansa uku sun haifi ‘ya’yan shege. . Layin Lancaster na Henry IV ya ƙare a cikin 1471 lokacin Yaƙin Roses, tsakanin Lancastrians da Yorkists, tare da mutuwar jikansa Henry VI da ɗan Henry VI Edward, Yariman Wales. Mary de Bohun ta rasu ta haifi 'yarta Philippa a shekara ta 1394.

Aure na biyu: Joan na Navarre

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A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1403, shekaru tara bayan mutuwar matarsa ​​ta farko, Henry ya auri Joan, 'yar Charles II na Navarre, a Winchester. Ita ce gwauruwar John IV, Duke na Brittany (wanda aka sani a cikin kafofin Turanci na gargajiya kamar John V), [52] tare da wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya 9; duk da haka, aurenta da Sarki Henry bai haifar da 'ya'ya da suka tsira ba. A cikin 1403, Joan na Navarre ta haifi tagwaye da aka haifa waɗanda Sarki Henry IV ya haifa, [53] wanda shine ciki na ƙarshe a rayuwarta. Joan yana da shekaru 35 a lokacin.

Uwargida

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Ta wata uwargidan da ba a san ta ba, Henry IV yana da ɗan shege guda ɗaya:

Edmund Leborde (1401 - jim kadan kafin 19 Disamba 1419)[53]

Manazarta

Category:Mutuwan 1413