Nancy Cartwright

Nancy Jean Cartwright (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1957) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. Ita ce muryar Bart Simpson ta dogon lokaci a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na zane masu motsi The Simpsons, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Primetime Emmy don Kyakkyawan Murya-Mafi Girma da kuma lambar yabo ta Annie don Mafi Kyawun Murya a Fina-Finan Zane. Cartwright kuma ta yi muryoyin wasu 'yan wasannin kwaikwayon, ciki har da Maggie Simpson, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, da Nelson Muntz. Ita ce kuma muryar Chuckie Finster a cikin jerin Nickelodeon Rugrats da kuma All Grown Up!Dukkanin sun girma!, wanda ya gaji Christine Cavanaugh.

An haifi Cartwright a Dayton, Ohio. Ta koma Hollywood a 1978 kuma ta samu horo da daga wajen dan wasan murya Daws Butler. Rawar ta na farko a sana'ar shine muryar Gloria a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Richie Rich, wanda ta cigaba tare da babban rawa da ta taka a fim din talabijin Marian Rose White (1982) da fim dinta na farko, Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983). A shekara ta 1987, Cartwright ta yi gwaji don rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin gajeren fina-finai game da dangin da ba su da kyau wanda zai bayyana a cikin Tracey Ullman Show. Cartwright ta yi niyyan yin muryar Lisa Simpson, 'ya ta tsakiya; lokacin da ta isa wajen wasan, ta sami rawar Bart - ɗan'uwan Lisa -  mafi ban sha'awa. Mai kirkirar shirin, Matt Groening ya ba ta damar kaddamar da rawar Bart kuma ya ba ta rawar a take a wurin. Ta yi muryar Bart na tsawon shekaru uku a cikin shirin The Tracey Ullman Show, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1989, an gajerun shirin zuwa na rabin sa'a da ake kira The Simpsons.

Baya ga Simpsons, Cartwright ta kuma yi muryoyi da yawa a cikin fina-finan zane, ciki har da Daffney Gillfin a cikin Snorks, Mellissa Screetch a cikin shirinToonsylvania, Rufus a cikin shirin Kim Possible, Mindy a cikin Animaniacs, Pistol a cikin Goof Troop, Robots a cikin Crashbox, Margo Sherman a cikin shirin The Critic sannan kuma Todd Daring a cikin shirin The Replacements. A shekara ta 2000, ta wallafa tarihin rayuwarta, Rayuwa Ta a Matsayin Yaro dan Shekara Goma, kuma shekaru hudu bayan haka, ta daidaita shi cikin wasan mace daya. A cikin shekara ta 2017, ta rubuta kuma ta samar da fim din In Search of Fellini .

 Kuruciya 
An haifi Nancy Jean Cartwright a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba, 1957,  a Dayton, Ohio.  Ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara shida da Frank da Miriam Cartwright suka haifa. Ta girma a Kettering, Ohio,  kuma ta gano kwarewarta ga muryoyi tun tana ƙarama. Yayinda take cikin aji na huɗu a makarantar St. Charles Borromeo, ta lashe gasar magana ta makaranta tare da rawar da ta yi na Rudyard Kipling, Yadda Rakumi Ya Samu Tozan Sa.  Cartwright ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Fairmont West, kuma ta yi wasanni a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar da gungun 'yan kida. Ta shiga gasar magana ta mutane a kai a kai, ta kasance ta farko a cikin rukunin "Fassara mai ban dariya" a Gasar Gundumar Kasa na tsawon shekaru biyu. Alƙalai galibi suna ba ta shawarar cewa ya kamata ta yi rika yin muryoyin zane-zane. Cartwright ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1976 kuma ta karɓi tallafin karatu daga Jami'ar Ohio. Ta ci gaba da yin gasa a gasar maganar mutane; a lokacin da take karatun ta biyu, ta kasance ta biyar a cikin rukunin bayani a Gasar Kasa tare da jawabinta "Fasahar Zanen Animation".Cartwright, pp. 15–16.

A shekara ta 1976, Cartwright ta samu aiki na ɗan lokaci tana yin murya don tallace-tallace a gidan rediyon WING a Dayton.  Wani wakilin daga Warner Bros. Records ya ziyarci gidan rediyon WING kuma daga baya ya aika wa Cartwright jerin lambobin sadarwa na wasu daga cikin masana'antar zane masu motsi. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne Daws Butler, wanda aka sani da yin muryoyi  kamar Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Elroy Jetson, Spike the Bulldog, da Yogi Bear. Cartwright ta kira shi kuma ta bar saƙo a cikin harshen Cockney a kan na'urar amsawa. Butler nan da nan ya kira ta kuma ya amince ya zama mai ba da shawara. Ya aiko mata da rubutun kuma ya umurce ta da ta aiko masa da rikodin faifai na kanta tana karanta shi. Da zarar amsar tef ɗin, Butler ya mata gyara kuma ya aiko mata da bayanan kula. A shekara mai zuwa, sun ci gaba da wannan salo, suna kammala sabon rubutun kowane 'yan makonni. Cartwright ta bayyana Butler a matsayin "mai ban mamaki, koyaushe yana ƙarfafawa a koyaushe cikin girmamawa".

Cartwright ta koma Jami'ar Ohio don shekara ta biyu, amma an tura ta Jamiʼar California, Los Angeles (UCLA) don ta kasance kusa da Hollywood da Butler. Mahaifiyarta, Miriam, ta mutu a ƙarshen lokacin rani na shekarar ta 1978. Cartwright ta kusan canza shirye-shiryen canza wuri amma, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1978, "ba tare da tana so ba" ta koma Westwood, Los Angeles.

 Ayyuka 
Yayinda take halartar UCLA, wacce ba ta da ƙungiyar magana da jama'a,  Cartwright ta ci gaba da horo a matsayin 'yar wasan murya tare da Butler. Ta tuna, "kowace Lahadi zan dauki bas din minti 20 zuwa gidansa a Beverly Hills don darasi na awa daya kuma in kasance a can na sa'o'i hudu ... Suna da 'ya'ya maza hudu, ba su da 'yar kuma na shiga a matsayin jaririn iyali. "  Butler ya gabatar da ita ga yawancin' yan wasan murya da daraktoci a Hanna-Barbera."And speaking of the Simpsons".   Bayan ta sadu da darektan Gordon Hunt, sai ya tambaye ta ta yi sauraro don rawar da ta taka a matsayin Gloria a Richie Rich . Ta sami bangare, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki tare da Hunt a kan wasu ayyukan da yawa. A ƙarshen 1980, Cartwright ya sanya hannu tare da wata hukumar basira kuma ya sauka da matsayi na jagora a cikin matukin jirgi don sitcom da ake kira In Trouble . Cartwright ya bayyana wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin "wanda za'a iya mantawa da shi, amma ya fara aikin da nake yi a kyamara". Ta kammala karatu daga UCLA a 1981 tare da digiri a wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin rani, Cartwright ya yi aiki tare da Jonathan Winters a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ba da gudummawa a Kwalejin Kenyon da ke Gambier, Ohio.

Da ta dawo Los Angeles, Cartwright ya lashe rawar gani a fim din talabijin na Marian Rose White . Janet Maslin, mai sukar The New York Times, ta bayyana Cartwright a matsayin "mai tsayi, mai laushi, dan wasan kwaikwayo mai laushi wanda dabi'arsa ta kara da tasirin fim din". Cartwright ta amsa ta hanyar aika Maslin wasika tana mai da hankali cewa ba ta da idanu, kuma ta haɗa da hoto. Daga baya, Cartwright ta yi gwaji don rawar Ethel, yarinya wacce ta makale a cikin duniyar zane-zane a kashi na uku na Twilight Zone: The Movie . Ta sadu da darektan Joe Dante amma daga baya ta bayyana shi a matsayin "cikakken mai zane-zane, kuma da zarar ya kalli aikin da na yi kuma ya lura da sunan Daws Butler a ciki, muna fita muna gudu, muna raba labarai game da Daws da raye-raye. Bayan kimanin minti ashirin, ya ce, 'la'akari da asalinku, ban ga yadda zan iya jefa kowa ba sai dai kai a wannan bangare!'"  Wannan shine rawar da ta farko a cikin fim.  Sashe ya samo asali ne daga jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Twilight Zone "It's a Good Life", wanda daga baya aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror II" (1991). 

HCartwright ya ci gaba da yin aikin murya don ayyukan da suka hada da Pound Puppies, Popeye da Son, Snorks, My Little Pony da Asabar Supercade .  Ta shiga "ƙungiyar maɓallin", kuma ta yi rikodin murya don haruffa a bayan fina-finai, kodayake a mafi yawan lokuta an ƙi sauti don haka an ji ƙaramin muryarta. Ta yi ƙaramin aiki na murya don fina-finai da yawa, gami da The Clan of the Cave Bear (1986), Silverado (1985), Sixteen Candles (1984), Back to the Future Part II, da The Color Purple (1985).  Cartwright ta kuma bayyana takalmin da aka "dipped" a cikin acid a cikin Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), yana bayyana shi a matsayin ta farko "mutuwa a waje",  kuma ya yi aiki don isar da motsin zuciyar da ke ciki daidai. 
Manazarta
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957