Flora Tristan

Flore Célestine Thérèse Henriette Tristán da Moscoso (7 ga Afrilu 1803 - 14 ga Nuwamba 1844), wanda aka fi sani da Flora Tristan, marubuciya ce ta Faransa-Peru kuma mai fafutuka gurguzu. Ta ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga Ka'idar mata ta farko, kuma ta yi jayayya cewa ci gaban haƙƙin mata yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ci gaban ma'aikata. Ta rubuta littattafai da yawa, wadanda aka fi sani da su sune Peregrinations of a Pariah (1838), Promenades in London (1840), da The Workers' Union (1843). Tristan ita ce kakar mai zane Paul Gauguin .

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Cikakken sunan Tristan shine Flore Célestine Thérèse Henriette Tristán da Moscoso .  Mahaifinta, Mariano Eusebio Antonio Tristán y Moscoso, ya kasance kwamandan Sojan Ruwa na Spain, an haife shi a Arequipa, wani birni a Peru . Iyalinsa na ɗaya daga cikin iyalai masu iko a kudancin ƙasar; ɗan'uwansa Pío de Tristán ya zama mataimakin sarki na Peru. Mahaifiyar Tristan, Anne-Pierre Laisnay, Faransanci ce; ma'auratan sun hadu a Bilbao, Spain.

Lokacin da mahaifin Tristan ya mutu a 1807, kafin ranar haihuwarta ta biyar, yanayin iyalin ya canza sosai daga yanayin rayuwa mai kyau Tristan da mahaifiyarta sun saba da shi. A shekara ta 1833 ta yi tafiya zuwa Arequipa don neman gadon mahaifinta, wanda ke hannun kawunta, Juan Pío de Tristán y Moscoso . Ta kasance a Peru har zuwa 16 ga Yuli 1834. Kodayake ba ta taɓa samun gadonta ba, Tristan ta rubuta littafin tafiye-tafiye game da abubuwan da ta samu a Peru a lokacin rikice-rikice bayan samun 'yancin kai. An buga littafin ne a cikin 1838 a matsayin Pérégrinations d'une paria (Pegrinations of a Pariah). [1] A wannan lokacin, Tristan ta sadu kuma falsafar masanin ilimin androgynous Simon Ganneau, da kuma marubucin sihiri Eliphas Levi, abokinta na dogon lokaci ya rinjaye ta.[2][3][4]

 Gudummawa 
An hana shi a mafi yawan tarihi, tarihin mata yana samun karfin gwiwa a kokarin masana tarihi don nuna tarihin "ƙananan". Ta hanyar rubuce-rubucenta, Flora Tristan ta iya nuna ikon mata don fahimtar ra'ayin 'yanci wanda ya fito daga ayyukanta.

Ganin gazawar alkawuran jari-hujja, Tristan ya rubuta daga zurfin sha'awar ci gaban zamantakewa - hada gwagwarmayar mata da zamantakewa. Lokacin da mutum ya gano kwaminisanci tare da mata, Tristan ya zama babban mutum a cikin wannan haɗin. Tristan za a san ta da "uwar mata da kuma shahararren zamantakewar al'umma",  yana yaki da nuna bambanci da kuma misogyny wanda ke ba da iko ga zaluncin mata.

Flora Tristan ita ce "mace ta farko da ta yi ƙoƙari ta haɗa maganganun mata da zamantakewar al'umma a cikin wani abu mai mahimmanci, yana buɗe hanyar da ke jagorantar siffar mata ta gaba ta halin ajiyar proletarian, wanda ya ga ba zai yiwu ba cewa akwai mata masu zalunci waɗanda ke iya zaluntar wasu mata".

Tristan ya nuna jigogi da ra'ayoyin da ke ba da fifiko ga haƙƙin ma'aikaci. Ita ce ta farko da ta yi tunanin cewa 'yancin proletariat zai zama haɗin gwagwarmayar mutane da bourgeoisie. Ta kara da cewa wannan zai yiwu ne kawai tare da 'yancin jinsi.

Tristan ta shirya ra'ayoyin da suka rabu game da daidaito na mata a wannan lokacin, wanda Juyin Juya Halin Faransa ya kawo. Ta samar da dandamali don tasowa na mata a ƙarshen karni na 19. Tristan za ta mutu "ta kare haƙƙin proletarian ko kuma ta bukaci su a gare shi; ta mutu yayin da take wa'azi, ta hanyar maganarta da ayyukanta, dokar hadin kai da ƙauna da ta kawo masa".

Rayuwar Flora Tristan, ayyukanta, da manufofi sun tabbatar da amfani ga tono aikin mata ta hanyar lokaci. Kafa tarihin da za su mai da hankali kan gudummawar mata, Flora Tristan ta samar da abubuwa da yawa a ci gaba da tono rawar mata a tarihinmu.  [<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span>]

 Itacen iyali 

 Manazarta 

 Bayanan littattafai 

 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Kungiyar Ma'aikata. Beverly Livingston ce ta fassara shi. Chicago: Jami'ar Illinois Press, 1983, 77-78.
 Máire Cross. Mata na Flora Tristan . [Hasiya]   ISBN 0-85496-731-1
 Máire Cross. Wasikar a cikin Siyasa ta Flora Tristan, 1835-1844, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004.   ISBN 0-333-77264-4
 Flora Tristan's Diary: The Tour of France 1843-1844, wanda Máire Fedelma Cross ya fassara, ya ba da bayani kuma ya gabatar da shi. [Hasiya]   ISBN 978-3-906768-48-9
 Dominique Desanti Wata mace a cikin juyin juya hali: Tarihin Flora Tristan . New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1976.   ISBN 0-517-51878-3
 Jaridar London ta Flora Tristan, wanda Jean Hawkes ya fassara, ya ba da bayani kuma ya gabatar. London: Virago Press, 1982.   ISBN 0-86068-214-5
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Hajji na Pariah, wanda Jean Hawkes ya fassara. London: Virago Press, 1985.   ISBN 0-86068-477-6
 Beik, Doris da Paul. Flora Tristan: Utopian Feminist: Jaridu na Tafiya da Crusade na Mutum . Bloomington: Jami'ar Indiana Press, 1993.
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Flora Tristan: Mata a cikin Shekarar George Sand . [Hasiya]   ISBN 0745304508
 Krulic, Brigitte. "'Flora Tristan."" Paris: Gallimard/NRF, 2022.   ISBN 978-2-07-282022-9
 Melzer, Sara E. da Rabine, Leslie W. Rebel Daughters: Mata da juyin juya halin Faransa . New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, 284.
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Flora Tristan: Mata, Socialist, da Free Spirit . New York: Morrow, 1980.   ISBN 0688222501. 
 Strumingher, Laura L. Odyssey na Flora Tristan . New York: Peter Lang, 1988. Jami'ar Cincinnati Nazarin Tarihi da Turai ta zamani, vol. 2.   ISBN 0820408883

 Haɗin waje 

 Works by or about Flora Tristana cikinTarihin Intanet
 Ibero-American Electronic Text Series: Tristan, Flora, Hajji na Paria (Zaɓin) . An gabatar da shi a kan layi ta Jami'ar Wisconsin Digital Collections Center.
 Tarihin Flora Tristan a Cibiyar Tarihin Jama'a ta DuniyaCibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Duniya
 Karin bayani da cikakken rubutu na Promenades a London (1840) a Marxist Internet Archive (a cikin Mutanen Espanya)
Rukuni:Haihuar 1803
Rukuni:Mutuwar 1844