Albert Gore Sr.

Albert Arnold Gore (Disamba 26, 1907 - Disamba 5, 1998) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dattawan Amurka daga Tennessee daga 1953 zuwa 1971. Memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, ya taba zama wakilin Amurka daga gundumar majalisa ta 4 ta jihar daga 1939 zuwa 1953. Shi ne mahaifin Al Gore, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Amurka na 45 daga 1993 har zuwa 2001, kuma ya rike sauran kujerar Majalisar Dattijan Amurka ta Tennessee daga 1985 zuwa 1993. Wani ɗan ƙasar Granville, Tennessee, Gore ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Tennessee ta Tsakiya kuma ya koyar da makaranta. Daga 1932 zuwa 1936 ya kasance mai kula da makarantu na gundumar Smith . Ya halarci Makarantar Dokar Dare ta Nashville YMCA, yanzu Makarantar Shari'a ta Nashville, wanda daga ciki ya kammala karatunsa a 1936.

An shigar da shi mashaya daga baya a waccan shekarar, kuma ya yarda da nadi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Labour ta Tennessee, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa 1937. A cikin 1938, an zaɓi Gore zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga gundumar majalisa ta 4 ta Tennessee. An sake zabe shi sau biyu, kuma ya yi aiki daga 1939 har ya yi murabus a watan Disamba 1944. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Gore ya yi aiki a takaice a cikin sojojin Amurka a matsayin wani bangare na shirin da ya baiwa mambobin majalisar damar shiga sojan da ba a san su ba don samun bayanan farko kan horo, shirye-shirye, da kuma kula da membobin sabis. Ya yi aiki daga Disamba 1944 zuwa Maris 1945, lokacin da aka sallame shi kuma ya hau kujerar majalisar da aka sake zabe shi a watan Nuwamba 1944. Daga nan aka sake zaɓe shi a 1946, 1948, da 1950, kuma ya yi aiki daga 1945 zuwa 1953. A cikin 1952, Gore ya kasance ɗan takara mai nasara ga Majalisar Dattijan Amurka. An sake zabe shi a 1958 da 1964, kuma ya yi aiki daga Janairu 1953 zuwa Janairu 1971. Gore ya kasance dan takarar da bai yi nasara ba don sake zaben a 1970.

A cikin Majalisar Dattijai, Gore ya jagoranci Dokar Taimakon Taimakon Tarayya na 1956 . A cikin 1956, ya kuma yi adawa da Manifesto mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, amma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 . Gore ya juya hanya bayan shekara guda kuma ya goyi bayan Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965 . A lokacin shugabancin Lyndon Johnson, Gore ya goyi bayan yawancin shirye-shiryen Babban Society na Johnson. An zargi shan kashi da Gore ya yi a 1970 a wani bangare na adawa da ci gaba da shigar Amurka a yakin Vietnam . Bayan barin Majalisar Dattawa, Gore ya yi aiki kuma ya koyar da doka a Jami'ar Vanderbilt . Daga baya ya zama mataimakin shugaban kamfanin mai na Occidental Petroleum kuma ya kasance memba a kwamitin gudanarwarta. Gore ya kuma yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na wasu kamfanoni da dama kuma ya yi aikin gona inda yake kiwon shanun Angus. Gore ya mutu a Carthage, Tennessee a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1998, kuma an binne shi a Lambunan Memorial na Carthage's Smith County.

 Shekarun farko 
An haifi Gore a Granville, Tennessee a cikin 1907, na uku cikin yara biyar na Margie Bettie ( née Denny) da Allen Arnold Gore.   Kakannin Gore sun haɗa da baƙi Anglo-Irish waɗanda suka fara zama a Virginia a tsakiyar karni na 18 kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Tennessee bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali na Amurka .  [fn 1] Lokacin samari, Allen Gore da Cordell Hull abokai ne. 

Gore ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Tennessee ta Tsakiya, kuma ya koyar da makaranta a yankunan Overton da Smith daga 1926 zuwa 1930. Ya fara neman zaɓen ofishin gwamnati yana ɗan shekara 23, lokacin da ya yi nasarar neman shugaban makarantu a gundumar Smith. Bayan shekara guda kuma aka nada shi wannan mukami bayan rasuwar shugaba mai ci.  Gore ya sauke karatu daga Nashville YMCA Night Law School, yanzu Makarantar Law Nashville, a cikin 1936 kuma ya sami izinin shiga mashaya .

 Aikin majalisa 
Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Labour ta Tennessee daga 1936 zuwa 1937, an zaɓi Gore a matsayin ɗan Democrat zuwa Majalisa ta 76 a 1938, ya sake zaɓe shi a cikin Majalisun biyu da suka gaje shi, kuma ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1939, har sai da ya yi murabus a watan Disamba. 4, 1944, don shiga cikin Sojojin Amurka . 

 Aikin soja 
Gore yana ɗaya daga cikin membobin Majalisar da yawa waɗanda suka shiga aikin soja don gajerun tafiye-tafiye, don lura da horo da yaƙi da bayar da rahotanni na farko ga Majalisar Dokokin Amurka da Majalisar Dattijai.  Ya kammala horo na asali a Fort Meade, Maryland, bayan haka an sanya shi zuwa Gwamnatin Soja ta Allied Soja don Yankunan da aka mamaye a Jamus a matsayin mai gabatar da kara a daya daga cikin kotunan gwamnatin soja.  Gore ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa kuma an sallame shi a cikin Maris 1945 don haka ya sami damar zama a majalisar Amurka wanda aka sake zaɓe shi a cikin Nuwamba 1944.  

An sake zabar Gore zuwa 79th da kuma zuwa ga Majalissar wakilai guda uku (3 ga Janairu, 1945, zuwa Janairu 3, 1953). A cikin 1951, Gore ya ba da shawara a Majalisa cewa "wani abu mai ban tsoro" sojojin Amurka za su yi don kawo karshen yakin Koriya : bel na radiation (wanda aka ƙirƙira ta makaman nukiliya ) ya raba yankin Koriya ta dindindin zuwa biyu. 

 Majalisar Dattawan Amurka 
A cikin 1952, Gore ba dan takara ba ne don sake zaɓen House amma an zabe shi a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka . A zabensa na 1952, ya kayar da Kenneth McKellar na wa'adi shida a zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat. An yi la'akari da nasarar Gore a matsayin babban juyi a tarihin siyasar Tennessee, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen tasirin jihar ga EH Crump, shugaban siyasa na Memphis . A lokacin wa'adinsa na farko, Gore ya taka rawar gani wajen tallafawa da samar da doka ta samar da Tsarin Babbar Hanya . An sake zaben Gore a 1958 da kuma a 1964, amma ya sha kaye a zaben 1970 .

Gore na ɗaya daga cikin Sanatocin Demokraɗiyya guda uku daga tsoffin jihohin Confederate waɗanda ba su rattaba hannu kan 1956 Southern Manifesto adawa da haɗin kai, sauran su ne Shugaban Masu rinjaye na Majalisar Dattawa Lyndon B. Johnson na Texas (wanda ba a nemi sa hannu ba), da sauran Sanatan Tennessee. Estes Kefauver . Sanata Strom Thurmond na South Carolina yayi ƙoƙari ya sa Gore ya sanya hannu kan Manifesto, amma Gore ya ƙi.   Gore ya kada kuri'a don goyon bayan Ayyukan 'Yancin Bil'adama na 1960 da 1968,   da kuma Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965 da kuma tabbatar da Thurgood Marshall zuwa Kotun Koli .    Gore ya kada kuri'ar amincewa da kudurin Majalisar Dattijai na farko kan Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1957 a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1957,  amma bai jefa kuri'a kan gyaran majalisar ba a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1957.  Gore kuma bai jefa kuri'a a kan Kwaskwari na 24 ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka ba,  da Gore sun kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 . 

A cikin 1958 Gore ya sami nasara a kan tsohon gwamna Prentice Cooper . A lokacin, har yanzu ana ɗaukar nadin na Demokraɗiyya daidai da zaɓen da aka yi a Tennessee, tunda jam'iyyar Republican ba ta da yawa a yawancin sassan jihar. A cikin 1964, ya fuskanci ƙalubalen babban zaɓe daga Dan Kuykendall, shugaban jam'iyyar Republican ta Shelby County, wanda ya yi takara mai ban mamaki a kansa. Yayin da Gore ya yi nasara, Kuykendall ya rike shi da kashi 53 cikin 100 na kuri'un da aka kada, duk da nasarar da Shugaba Lyndon Johnson ya samu a zaben shugaban kasa na lokaci guda .

 1970 yakin da shan kashi 
A shekara ta 1970, an yi la'akari da Gore a matsayin mai rauni ga Sanata mai ci na wa'adi uku, sakamakon matsayinsa na sassaucin ra'ayi akan batutuwa da dama kamar yakin Vietnam (wanda ya sabawa)  da 'yancin ɗan adam. Wannan yana da haɗari musamman, a zaɓe, kamar yadda a lokacin jam'iyyar Republican ke ƙara yin takara a Tennessee. Ya fuskanci ƙalubale na farko, galibi daga tsohon ɗan jaridar Nashville Hudley Crockett, wanda ya yi amfani da ƙwarewar watsa shirye-shiryensa don fa'ida sosai kuma gabaɗaya yayi ƙoƙarin gudu zuwa dama ta Gore. Gore ya yi watsi da wannan ƙalubalen na farko, amma a ƙarshe ya kasance a cikin babban zaɓe na 1970 na ɗan majalisar Republican Bill Brock . Gore ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin maƙasudin maƙasudi a cikin Nixon/Agnew " Dabarun Kudu ." Ya samu fushin Nixon a shekarar da ta gabata lokacin da ya soki manufofin gwamnatin "kada-koda" game da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. A cikin wata sanarwa  zuwa ga babban mai ba da shawara Bryce Harlow, mai taimaka wa Nixon Alexander Butterfield ya ba da sha'awar Shugaban kasa cewa Gore ya zama "blaster" don sharhinsa.  Spiro T. Agnew ya yi tafiya zuwa Tennessee a 1970 don yi wa Gore ba'a a matsayin "Shugaban yankin Kudu na Gabashin Liberal Establishment". Wasu fitattun batutuwan da suka yi fice a gasar sun hada da kuri'ar da Gore ya kada na kin amincewa da gyaran da Everett Dirksen ya yi kan addu'a a makarantun gwamnati, da kuma adawarsa na nada Clement Haynsworth da G. Harrold Carswell a kotun kolin Amurka. Brock ya lashe zaben da kashi 51% zuwa 47%.

 Gadon siyasa 
A cikin 1956, ya sami kulawar ƙasa bayan rashin amincewa da Kudu Manifesto . Gore ya jefa kuri'a a kan Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964, a gaskiya ma ya yi watsi da shi, kodayake ya goyi bayan Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965 . Gore ya kasance gwarzon muryar murya na Dokar Taimakon Babban Titin Tarayya na 1956, wanda ya tabbatar da ƙirƙirar manyan titunan jihohi . Daga baya, ya goyi bayan manyan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin Shugaba Johnson ta fara, kuma ya gabatar da lissafin da ke da tsarin Medicare . A cikin harkokin siyasa na kasa da kasa, ya koma daga ba da shawara a cikin House don amfani da makaman nukiliya don kafa wani yanki na rediyoaktif a lokacin yakin Koriya, don jefa kuri'a don Yarjejeniyar Haramtacciyar Gwajin Nukiliya da kuma magana da Yaƙin Vietnam, pivots cewa mai yiwuwa ya ba da gudummawa ga asarar kujerar Sanata a 1970. 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1937, a Tompkinsville, KY, Gore ya auri lauya Pauline LaFon (1912–2004), 'yar Maude (née Gatlin) da Walter L. LaFon. da yara biyu: Nancy LaFon Gore (1938-1984) da Albert Gore Jr. (an haife shi 1948), wanda ya bi sawun siyasar mahaifinsa ta hanyar wakiltar Tennessee a matsayin Wakilin Amurka da kuma Sanata, kuma daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka a karkashin Bill Clinton .

Bayan barin Majalisa, Gore Sr. ya ci gaba da bin doka kuma ya koyar da doka a Jami'ar Vanderbilt. wakiltar Occidental Petroleum, inda ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa.Gore ya zama shugaban Island Creek Coal Co., Lexington, Kentucky, wani reshen Occidental, a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe yana sarrafa Gore Antique Mall, kantin kayan tarihi a Carthage.  Ya rayu ya ga dansa Albert Gore Jr. ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasar Amurka. Gore Sr. ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1998, yana da shekaru 90 kuma an binne shi a cikin Lambunan Tunatarwa na gundumar Smith a Carthage. System" don girmama shi.

 Manazarta 
 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

Washington Post "Political Junkie" column: answers questions about Gore's civil rights record
"Casting a Long Shadow", by David M. Shribman: The Boston Globe article describing 1970 congressional races of Al Gore Sr. and George H. W. Bush.
: article on Albert A. Gore Jr., and George W. Bush, including some description of the former's relationship with his father.

Oral History Interviews with Albert Gore (Part 1, Part 2) from Oral Histories of the American South
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1907
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba