Nana Asmau

Nana Asmaʾu (Furuciⓘ; cikakken suna: Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo pronunciationⓘ, Larabci: نانا أسماء بنت عثمان فودي; 1793–1864) bafulata, Sarauniya, mawakiya, Malama, Diyar Dan fudio Wanda ya kafa jihar Sokoto Caliphate [1]"Nana Asma'u". rlp.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 26 May 2020.mujaddadi. Ta kasance mai daraja a arewacin Najeriya.  Wasu suna rike da ita a matsayin misali na ilimi da 'yancin kai na mata mai yiwuwa a karkashin Musulunci, wasu kuma a matsayin madogara ga mace ta zamani a Afirka.   

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

An haifi Nana Asma’u a shekara ta 1793 kuma an rada mata suna Asma’u bint Abi Bakr, sahabi Muhammad[2]"Nana Asma'u". Naked History. 28 March 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2020..  A lokacin kuruciyarta ta rayu a yakin Fulani (1804-1808), yakin jihadi wanda ya kafa daular Sokoto mai karfi, daular Musulunci.[3]Mack, B (2023). Nana Asma'u of Nigeria 1793–1864. Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences. Vol. 19. Springer. pp. 419–432. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28563-9_19. ISBN 978-3-031-28563-9. 'Yar wanda ya kafa Halifancin Usman dan Fodio (1754-1817) kuma 'yar'uwar Sarkin Musulmi na biyu, Muhammed Bello (ya rasu a shekara ta 1837), ta rayu da mafi yawan al'ummar da suka kafa Halifanci kuma ta kasance muhimmiyar hanyar shiriya ga sarakunanta na baya.  Daga shekara ta 1805, 'yan gidan Halifa sun yi fice, ciki har da 'yan uwan ​​Halifa mata.  Yayin da Nana Asma’u ta zama mafi shahara, ’yan’uwanta Maryamu da Fatima, da matan Halifa A’isha da Hawwa’u, sun taka rawar gani a fagen adabi da siyasa a sabuwar jiha.[4]"Nana Asma'u and the 'yan taru movement". Daily Trust. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2022

Kamar mahaifinta, Nana Asmaʾu ta sami ilimin tafsiri (karatun Alqur'ani), kuma ta fifita ilimi mai girma ga ilimin duniya.  Kamar yadda misalan Sufayen Kadiriyya, dan Fodio da mabiyansa suka jaddada raba ilimi, musamman na sunna, misalin Muhammadu[5]"Islam | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 26 May 2020..  Don koyo ba tare da koyarwa ba, sun yi tunanin, bakararre ne kuma babu komai.  Don haka Nana Asma’u ta kasance mai sadaukarwa, musamman ga tarbiyyar mata[1]"Nana Asma'u". rlp.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 26 May 2020..  Kamar sauran danginta, ta zama ƙwararren marubuciya.n  

 Marubuciya Kuma Mai Bada shawara 
Wanda ta yi karatun zamani a duniyar Larabawa da na gargajiya, kuma ta kware a harsuna hudu, Larabci, Fula, Hausa da Tamacheq Tuareg.[7]"Ode to Nana Asma'u: Voice and Spirit". Muslim Heritage. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2020.Nana Asmaʾu ta yi suna a bainar jama'a a matsayin babban malami a ƙasar musulmi mafi tasiri a Afirka ta Yamma, wanda ya ba ta damar yin wasiƙa sosai.  [8]David Westerlund wrote: "She continued to be a source of inspiration to the present day." Mary Wren Bivins, Telling Stories, Making Histories: Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century Hausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate. London: Heinemann, 2007.Ta ga yawancin yaƙe-yaƙe na yaƙin fulani, ta kuma rubuta labarin abubuwan da ta same ta a cikin labarin waƙar Wakar Gewaye, “Waƙar Wandering”[9]Tambuwal, Aminu (23 August 2016). "Sokoto's religious moderation is rich lesson to a troubled world". TheCable. Retrieved 23 May 2022..

Daular Sakkwato ta faro ne a matsayin yunkurin juyin juya hali na al'adu da addini, rubuce-rubucen shugabanninta sun kasance wani wuri na musamman wanda al'ummomin baya, masu mulki da masu mulki, za su iya auna al'ummarsu.  Ta zama mai ba wa ɗan’uwanta nasiha a lokacin da ya ɗauki halifanci, ya kuma naɗa rubuta umarni ga hakimai, yana tattaunawa da malaman sarakunan ƙasashen waje[10]Tambuwal, Aminu Waziri (23 August 2016). "As John Kerry visits Sokoto". Daily Trust. Retrieved 26 May 2020.. 

 Mawakiya 
Daga cikin ayyukanta na rayuwa sama da 60 da aka rubuta sama da shekaru 40, Nana Asmaʾu ta bar wakoki da yawa na Larabci, Fula, da Hausa, duk an rubuta su da rubutun Larabci.[4]"Nana Asma'u and the 'yan taru movement". Daily Trust. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2022  Yawancin waɗannan labarun tarihi ne, amma kuma sun haɗa da ladabi, makoki, da gargaɗi.  Wakokinta na shiriya sun zama kayan aikin koyar da ka’idojin kafuwar halifanci[9]Tambuwal, Aminu (23 August 2016). "Sokoto's religious moderation is rich lesson to a troubled world". TheCable. Retrieved 23 May 2022..  Asmaʾu ta kuma yi aiki kafada da kafada da Muhammed Bello, Halifa na biyu.[11]Boyd, Jean (1989). The Caliph's Sister: Nana Asma'u 1793–1865: Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-7146-4067-0.Ayyukanta sun haɗa da kuma faɗaɗa yadda dan Fodio ya ke ba da fifiko ga shugabannin mata da ’yancin mata a cikin manufofin al’umma na Sunnah da shari’ar Musulunci[11]Boyd, Jean (1989). The Caliph's Sister: Nana Asma'u 1793–1865: Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-7146-4067-0.. 

 Ilimin Mata 
Rubuce-rubucen da Asma’u ta yi suna da alaƙa da ilimin Musulunci.  A tsawon rayuwarta na girma, ita ce ke da alhakin ilimin addini na mata.  Tun a wajajen shekara ta 1830 ta ƙirƙiro wata ƙungiyar malamai mata da ake kira jajiss, waɗanda suka zagaya ko'ina cikin halifanci suna koyar da mata a gidajen ɗalibai[12]"Nana Asma'u: A woman of knowledge in Africa". Saudigazette. 15 September 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2020..  Haka kuma, kowanne daga cikin wadannan jajiyen ya yi amfani da rubuce-rubucen Nana Asmaʾu da sauran malaman Sufaye, yawanci ta hanyar karantarwa da waqoqi, wajen horar da amfanin gona na mata masu ilimi da ake kira ƴan-taru, ko kuma “waɗanda suka taru, ƴan uwa.” [13]"12 Muslim Women Who Are Modern Role Models That'll Amaze And Inspire You". Thought Catalog. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2020.Ga kowane jaji ta ba wa malfa, hula da kuma hidimar gargajiya ta Goga ta Hausa.  rawani.  Ta haka ne jajis suka zama alamomin sabuwar jiha, da sabon tsari, da ilimin addinin Musulunci har ma a wajen al’ummar mata[14]Excerpt from Mack, Beverly B., and Jean Boyd, One Woman's Jihad: Nana Asma'u, Scholar and Scribe. Includes two translated poems of Nana Asmaʾu..

A wani bangare, wannan aikin ilmantarwa ya fara ne a matsayin hanyar haɗa sabbin fursunoni na arna da aka ci a cikin rukunin masu mulki na musulmi.  Sai dai ya fadada ya hada da talakawa da na karkara, yana horar da malamai wadanda suka zagaya cikin babban halifanci[15]Waziri Tambuwal, Aminu (23 August 2016). "Sokoto's Religious Moderation Is Rich Lesson To A Troubled World". Premium Times | Opinion. Retrieved 23 May 2022.. 

 Gadon Zamani 
Nana Asma’u ta ci gaba da zama ba a kan aikinta na adabi ba, har ma da rawar da ta taka wajen ayyana kimar jihar Sakkwato.  A yau a Arewacin Najeriya, kungiyoyin mata na Islama, makarantu, da wuraren taro ne aka fi sanya mata suna.  Ta sake shiga muhawara kan rawar da mata ke takawa a Musulunci a karni na 20, kasancewar tarihinta ya kasance daga malaman Musulunci da masu hijira zuwa Turai da muhawarar ilimi.[16]Jean Boyd and Murray Last quote the Algerian scholar Ismaël Hamet writing for a French audience in 1898, lamenting that the "Ligues Feministes d'Europe" did not know of Nana Asmaʾu's legacy. See Boyd and Last, "The Role of Women as 'Agents Religieux' in Sokoto", p. 283.

Sake bugawa da fassarar ayyukanta ya ƙara jawo hankali ga kimar adabi zalla na furucinta da waƙoƙinta.  Ta kasance batun karatun da yawa, ciki har da 'Yar'uwar Halifa ta Jean Boyd: Nana Asma'u 1793-1865: Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader (1989), wanda aka kwatanta a matsayin "littafi mai mahimmanci" wanda "yana ba da kyakkyawan karatu ga wanda ba ƙwararru ba yana son watsar da ra'ayoyin gama-gari game da mata da Afirka", [17]Mack, Beverly B. (September 1990). "Book Reviews". African Studies Review. 33 (2): 219–220. doi:10.2307/524481. JSTOR 524481. S2CID 210369401.Scholar and Scribe na Beverly B. Mack da Jean Boyd (2000).  Ayyukan da aka tattara na Nana Asma'u, 'yar Usman dan Fodiyo 1793-1864, Boyd da Mack suka shirya, an buga shi a cikin 1997.[18]Mack, Beverly B. "Nana Asma'u, Muslim Woman Scholar". Women in World History. Teaching Case Studies..  An fitar da wani bayani daga Nana Asma'u na "Makoki na 'Aysha II" a cikin littafin tarihin New Daughters of Africa na 2019, wanda Margaret Busby ta shirya.[19]Busby, Margaret, ed. (2019). "New Daughters of Africa | Introduction and Contents" (PDF). Myriad Editions.

A shekarar 2019, Gwamna Aminu Waziri Tambuwal na jihar Sakkwato ya umarci ma’aikatar filaye da gidaje ta jiha da ta samar da filaye da ya dace da za a tashi daga jami’ar Nana Asmaʾu University of Sciences da ke Sakkwato, wanda gidauniyar Sultan ta kafa.[20]Maruf, Olakunle (15 October 2019). "Tambuwal allocates land for proposed Nana Asma'u University in Sokoto". Nigerian Tribune..

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