Kadapa

Kadapa, birni ne a kudancin Andhra Pradesh,  na kasar Indiya . Tana cikin yankin Rayalaseema, kuma ita ce hedkwatar gundumar YSR Kadapa. Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2022, birnin yana da yawan mutane kimanin  466,000, karuwar 2.42% daga 2021. Tana da nisan kilomita 8 (5.0  kudu da Kogin Penna. Birnin yana kewaye da ɓangarori uku da Nallamala da Palkonda Hills da ke kwance a kan shimfidar wuri tsakanin Gabas da Yamma. Ƙasa mai baƙar fata da ja sun mamaye yankin. Ana kiran garin da lakabi "Gadapa" ('ƙofar') tunda ƙofar ce daga yamma zuwa tuddai na Tirumala.

Kadapa ta kasance a ƙarƙashin sarakuna daban-daban a cikin tarihinta, gami da Cholas, Daular Vijayanagara da Masarautar Mysore .

 Magana 
Sunan garin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Telugu "Gadapa" ma'anar ƙofar ko ƙofar. Ya sami wannan sunan tare da alakarsa da Haikali na Venkateswara, Tirumala; dole ne mutum ya wuce ta wannan birni a zamanin da ya isa Haikali na venkateswara. A cikin Telugu, kalmar Gadapa tana nufin ƙofar kuma a tsawon lokaci, sunan ya samo asali zuwa Kadapa. An rubuta shi "Cuddapah" amma an canza shi zuwa "Kadapa" a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2005 don nuna yadda ake furta sunan a yankin. Wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka samu kwanan nan sun ambaci wannan wuri a matsayin Hiranyanagaram kuma akwai bayanan hukuma da ke nuna cewa an kuma kira shi daular Nekanamabad.

 Tarihi 

 Lokacin gargajiya na baya (200-800 AD) 
Tarihin Kadapa ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na biyu BC. Shaidar binciken Binciken Archaeological na Indiya ta nuna cewa ya fara ne da daular Mourya da Satavahana. Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin sarakuna da yawa ciki har da Chalukya, Cholas da Pallava. Daga cikin dukkan wadannan daular, na farko da ya yi mulki a kan Kadapa shine daular Pallava. Sarakunan Pallava sun mallaki birnin a cikin karni na biyar bayan sun shiga Arewacin Kadapa. Bayan haka Cholas ya yi mulki har zuwa karni na takwas bayan ya ci Pallavas. Daga baya Banas ya yi mulki a kan Kadapa . 

 Era (karni na 8 zuwa 18 AD) 
Bayan Banas, Rashtrakutas ya mallaki yankin Kadapa Daga cikin shahararrun sarakunan Kadapa shine Sarki Indra III, wanda ya yi aiki a lokacin 915 AD.  A lokacinsa, Kadapa ya sami iko da tasiri mai yawa, wanda ya ragu tare da mutuwarsa daga baya. Telugu Cholas, sune na gaba da mulkin Kadapa. Ambadeva ya mallaki Kadapa a ƙarshen rabin karni na 13 lokacin da ya kafa babban birnin a Vallur, wanda ke da nisan kusan kilomita 15 daga Kadapa. 

Bayan mutuwar Ambadeva, Sarkin Kakatiya Prataparudra II ya yi mulki har zuwa farkon karni na 14. Musulmai sun ci Prataparudra a lokacin mulkin sarki Khalji Alla Uddin . Daga baya a tsakiyar karni na 14, Hindu na daular Vijayanagar sun kori Musulmai daga Warangal sannan daga baya Kadapa kuma suka yi mulki kusan ƙarni biyu har sai da sarakunan Gulbarga suka ci su. Mafi shahararren mai mulki a wannan lokacin shine Pemmasani Thimma Nayudu (1422 AZ)  wanda ya bunkasa yankin kuma ya gina tankuna da temples da yawa a nan. Musulmai na Golkonda sun ci yankin a shekara ta 1594 lokacin da Mir Jumla II ya kai hari kan sansanin Gandikota kuma ya ci Chinna Thimma Nayudu ta hanyar cin amana. Marathas ya karɓi birnin a cikin 1740 bayan ya ci Nawab na Kurnool da Cuddapah .

Hyder Ali da Tipu Sultan sun kuma mallaki birnin (1784-1792) kafin ya fada hannun Nizam ta Yarjejeniyar Seringapatam  a cikin 1792.Kakar Tipu, mahaifiyar Hyder Ali Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa 'yar Mir Muin-ud-Din ce, gwamnan sansanin Kadapa.

Daga baya Burtaniya ta mallaki Gundumar Kadapa a cikin 1800 AZ. Kodayake garin tsoho ne, mai yiwuwa dilazak Neknam Khan, kwamandan Qutb Shahi, wanda ya kira tsawo a matsayin "Neknamabad". An yi amfani da sunan "Neknamabad" don garin na ɗan lokaci amma a hankali ya ɓace kuma bayanan karni na 18 suna nufin sarakuna ba "Nawab na Kadapa" ba. Sai dai na wasu shekaru a farkon, Gundumar Kadapa ita ce wurin zama na Mayana Nawabs a karni na 18. Tare da mamayewar Burtaniya a cikin 1800 AZ, ya zama hedkwatar ɗaya daga cikin masu tarawa huɗu a ƙarƙashin babban mai tarawa Sir Thomas Munro. A shekara ta 2004, an amince da Kadapa a matsayin kamfani na gari.

 Yanayin ƙasa 

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Kadapa a yankin Rayalaseema na Andhra Pradesh yana a 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.47°N 78.82°E / 14.47; 78.82 game da 260 km daga Chennai, 250 km daga Bangalore da 360 km daga Vijayawada .     Birnin yana cikin kogin Bugga vanka ko Ralla Vanka da ke da iyaka da Palakondas zuwa kudu da gabas ta hanyar tsaunuka da ke arewacin Lankamalas a wancan gefen Penna. Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 138 (452 ft).   Duwatsun Veligonda sun raba gundumomin Nellore da Kadapa . 

 Yanayi 
Kadapa has a hot semi-arid (Köppen BSh) climate characterised by year round high temperatures. It has a record of reaching 45 degree Celsius.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span>] Summers are especially uncomfortable with hot and humid conditions. During this time temperatures range from a minimum of  and can rise up to a maximum of . Humidity is around 75% during the summer months. The monsoon season brings substantial rain to the area, and Kadapa gets some rainfall from both the southwest monsoon and the northeast monsoon. About  of the average total annual rainfall of around  occurs between June and October. Winters are comparatively milder and the temperatures are lower after the onset of the monsoons. During this time the temperatures range from a minimum of  and can rise up to a maximum of . Humidity is much lower during the winter season, which is the best time to visit the area.Kadapa an sanya shi a matsayi na 23 mafi kyau "National Clean Air City" a karkashin (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) a Indiya.

 Yawan jama'a 
An fara kirga yawan mutanen Kadapa a 1871 a lokacin ƙidayar farko ta Indiya, wanda aka gudanar har zuwa 1911  (shafi na 176). Koyaya, bayan babu bayanan tarihi har zuwa 1961.Kadapa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da ke tasowa da sauri a Andhra Pradesh . Kamar yadda kididdigar 1991 ta nuna yawan mutanen garin ya kai 1,21,463. Ba ta karu sosai ba kamar yadda kididdigar 2001 ta yi wanda ya rubuta lakhs 1,26,505 ga yawan unguwanni 20 tare da matsakaicin ci gaban shekaru goma na 0.36%.  Daga baya an canza shi zuwa Kamfanin Municipal a shekara ta 2005. Kamar yadda bayanan wucin gadi na ƙidayar shekara ta 2011, ƙauyen birni na Kadapa yana da yawan mutane 344,078, daga cikinsu maza ne 172,969 kuma mata ne 171,109. Adadin masu karatu da rubutu shine kashi 79.34 cikin dari. Yawan masu addini suna da kashi 65% na Hindu, kashi 32% na Musulmai da kashi 2% na Kiristoci.

 Harsuna 
A lokacin ƙidayar 2011, kashi 67.37% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Telugu kuma 31.04% Urdu a matsayin yarensu na farko.

 Gudanarwa 

 Karamar hukuma 
Kamfanin Kadapa Municipal Corporation yana kula da bukatun jama'a na birnin kuma an kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 2005. Yana da unguwanni 50 na gari wanda mai kamfani ya wakilta ta hanyar zabe kai tsaye, wanda hakan ke zabar magajin gari. Kotun Gundumar tana cikin birnin kanta.

 Al'adu 
Birnin yana da al'adu da al'adun da suka dace tare da tasirin sarakuna daban-daban. Akwai al'adu daban-daban, al'adu da al'adu tare da kasancewar addinai daban-daban kamar, Hindu, Islama, Kiristanci, Buddha da Jainisma. An san garin da tarihin Devuni Kadapa da Ameen Peer Dargah .

 Ayyuka da sana'o'i 
Shilparamam ƙauye ne na sana'a da ke kewayen Kadapa . 

 Abincin 
Kadapa sananne ne ga abincin da ke da ɗanɗano da abinci wanda yayi kama da abincin Kudancin Indiya. Karam dosa yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi so na 'yan ƙasa na kadapa. Mutane suna da Dosas, idly, sambar da Chutney a cikin karin kumallo. Ana ba da Shinkafa, daal da curry a matsayin abincin rana. Yawancin gidajen cin abinci suna ba da thali na Kudancin Indiya ciki har da waɗannan jita-jita a cikin abincin rana da abincin dare. Kodayake yana da taɓawa ta Kudancin Indiya a cikin jita-jita yana da nau'ikan kansa iri-iri waɗanda suka haɗa da Ragi sangati">Ragi Sangati ko Ragi Mudda, Boti Curry, Natukodi Chicken, Paya Curry da sauransu. Ragi sangati tare da curry na kaza shine babban abinci a Kadapa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun jita-jita a cikin birni. Ana iya samun wasu nau'ikan jita-jita a cikin gidajen cin abinci na gida. Kamar sauran biranen Indiya da yawa abinci mai sauri yana kara yawan isa a cikin birni.

 Tattalin Arziki 
Ya zuwa 2020, GDP na birnin Kadapa ya kai dala biliyan 2.38.

Tattalin arzikin birnin ya dogara ne akan amfanin noma kamar kwai, auduga, ja gram, Bengal gram ana shuka su a nan da kuma hakar ma'adinai. Kasancewa hedkwatar gundumar duk nau'ikan sassan gwamnati suna cikin birni. Ga mafi yawan iyalai tushen samun kudin shiga shine ta hanyar ayyukan gwamnati da ayyukan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a sassan daban-daban ciki har da shaguna, Masana'antar baƙi, da talla. Yawon shakatawa kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikin birni. Kadapa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan birane 49 da McKinsey & Company suka zaba a matsayin wuraren ci gaba a Indiya.

 Ilimi 
Ilimin makarantar firamare da sakandare ana ba da shi ta gwamnati, makarantun taimako da masu zaman kansu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jiha.

 Cibiyoyin 

 Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Rajiv Gandhi, Kadapa
 Kwalejin Injiniya ta KSRM
 Jami'ar Yogi Vemana
 Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Fathima

 Sufuri 
Birnin Kadapa yana da alaƙa da hanya, jirgin ƙasa da iska.

 Hanyoyi 
Kadapa tana da kyakkyawar hanyar haɗi zuwa sauran manyan biranen kamar Tirupati, Bangalore, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Rajahmundry, Kakinada, Nellore, Kurnool, Anantapur. APSRTC tana ba da sabis na bas zuwa wurare daban-daban na gundumar Kadapa da sauran biranen a duk faɗin Kudancin Indiya. Birnin yana da jimlar tsawon hanya na 803.84 km. 

 Jirgin ƙasa 
Kadapa tana da tashar jirgin kasa ta kanta a cikin birni. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin tashoshin jirgin kasa a jihar kuma an buɗe shi a kusa da 1866. Layin Mumbai-Chennai, daya daga cikin layin da ya fi yawan jama'a a yankin kudu, ya ratsa Tashar jirgin kasa ta Kadapa. Yana daya daga cikin tashoshin jirgin kasa na A category a yankin Kudancin Coast Railway a karkashin sashen jirgin kasa na Guntakal. Ana gina sabon layin dogo na Kadapa-Bangalore. Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2021, babu jirgin kasa kai tsaye zuwa Bengaluru daga Kadapa, kodayake jiragen kasa na musamman na lokaci-lokaci da jiragen kasa da aka karkatar suna haɗa su. Kadapa yana da alaƙa da kyau ta hanyar hanya don haka ana amfani da sabis na bas sosai.

 Jirgin sama 
An buɗe Filin jirgin saman Kadapa don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2015. Tana da nisan kilomita 12 a arewa maso yammacin birnin.  
+Jiragen sama da wuraren da za su je - Filin jirgin saman KadapaJirgin samaWuraren da ake nufiIndigoBangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin birane a cikin Andhra Pradesh
 Jerin kamfanonin birni a Andhra Pradesh

 manazarta 

 Haɗin waje 

 Shafin yanar gizon hukuma

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba