Jolly Roger

Jolly Roger ya kasance shine sunan turancin gargajiya na al'ada na alamar da aka tashi don gano jirgin ruwan 'yan fashin da ke gaba da shi ko kuma lokacin harin, a farkon karni na 18 (ɓangare na ƙarshen Golden Age of Piracy). Galibin irin wadannan tutoci sun tashi ne da tsarin kwanyar mutum, ko kuma “Kan Mutuwa”, sau da yawa tare da wasu abubuwa, akan filin baƙar fata, wani lokaci ana kiranta “ Tutar Kan Mutuwa” ko kuma kawai “Baƙar Tuta”.

 Karatun Kalmomi 
Amfani da kalmar Jolly Roger dangane da cocin ƴan fashi ya koma aƙalla Charles Johnson's A General History of the Pyrates, wanda aka buga a Biritaniya a 1724 kuma a haƙiƙa ba shi da alaƙa da sunan da aka ba Roger.Johnson, Charles (2002). Pirates. Conway Maritime. ISBN 978-0851779195.

Johnson ya ambaci wasu 'yan fashi biyu da suka sanya wa tutarsu suna "Jolly Roger": Bartholomew Roberts a watan Yuni 172Charles Johnson (1724), A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, p. 250. da Francis Spriggs a watan Disamba 1723.Johnson (1724), pp. 411–12. Yayin da Spriggs da Roberts suka yi amfani da suna iri ɗaya don tutocinsu, ƙirar tutansu sun bambanta sosai, suna nuna cewa tuni "Jolly Roger" ya kasance kalma ɗaya don tutocin ɗan fashin teku baƙar fata maimakon suna ga kowane takamaiman ƙira. Babu Spriggs ko Roberts' Jolly Roger da ya ƙunshi kwanyar kai da kasusuwa.Bartholomew Roberts' Jolly Roger in June 1721 is simply described as "their black flag", which may or may not be the same Roberts is described as flying earlier on pp. 243–44, the man standing on a Barbadian's head and a Martinican's head. Spriggs' Jolly Roger is described as follows: "a black Ensign was made, which they called Jolly Roger, with the same device that Captain Low carried, viz. a white Skeliton in the Middle of it, with a Dart in one Hand striking a bleeding Heart, and in the other, an Hour-Glass."g

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