Avra Theodoropoulou

Avra Theodoropoulou (Girkanci; 3 ga Nuwamba 1880 - 20 ga Janairu 1963) malamar kida ce ta Girka, pianist, suffragist kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta kafa kungiyar League for Women's Rights a shekarar 1920 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabarta daga 1920 zuwa 1957. Ta auri mawaki  [el].

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haifi Avra Drakopoulou a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif dari takwas da tamanin 1880 a Edirne, Daular Ottoman, ga Eleni da Aristomenis Drakopoulos, wanda ya kasance jami'in wakilin Girka a Turkiyya. 'Yar'uwarta,  [el], sanannen mawaki ne kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin yarantakarsu, an tura iyalin a Turkiyya sannan kuma a tsibirin Crete kafin su zauna a Athens. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, Drakopoulou ya koyi Turanci, Faransanci da Jamusanci  kuma ya shiga cikin aikin jinya na sa kai a lokacin Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya na 1897. A shekara ta 1900, ta kammala karatu daga Conservatoire na Athens kuma a wannan shekarar ta sadu da Spyros Theodoropoulos, wanda zai zama ɗan siyasa da marubuci, ta amfani da sunan alkalami Agis Theros . Za su yi aure a shekara ta 1906, bayan sun shawo kan rashin amincewar mahaifinta ga wasan.

 Ayyuka 
Theodoropoulous ta sami lambar yabo ta Andreas da Iphigeneia Syngros Silver Medal saboda kwarewarta ta piano a 1910 kuma an nada ta don koyar da Tarihin kiɗa da Pianoforte a conservatoire. A wannan farkon lokacin, neman hanyoyi daban-daban don bayyana kanta, Theodoropoulous ta rubuta akalla wasanni biyu. Ɗaya, mai taken Chance ko will (Girkanci) (1906), wanda ba a yi shi ba kamar yadda yake da tarihin kansa, kuma Sparks yana mutuwa (Girkancin), wanda Marika Kotopouli ya yi a shekarar 1912. Greek-language_text" id="mwLg" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/>A shekara ta 1911, ta shiga cikin kafa Makarantar Lahadi don Mata Masu Aiki (Girkanci: ) (KSE), ƙungiyar da ta bukaci a karon farko cewa ilimi ga mata haƙƙi ne.

A lokacin Yakin Balkan (1912-13), ta koma aikin sa kai a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma an girmamawa ta saboda shiga tare da Medal of the Hellenic Red Cross, Sarauniya Olga Medal, Medal of Balkan War da Medal na Yakin Girka-Bulgaria . 

A cikin 1918, Theodoropoulous na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Sister of the Soldier (Girkanci: ), ƙungiyar da aka kirkira don magance batutuwan zamantakewa da yaƙi ya haifar da kuma ba mata hanyar da za su shiga cikin jama'a. Kungiyar ta yi niyyar 'yanci ga mata da kuma ba su hakkoki na jama'a da na siyasa.[1]

A shekara mai zuwa, ta bar Conservatoire na Athens kuma ta fara koyarwa a Hellenic Conservatory .  A cikin 1920, Theodoropoulous, tare da  [el],  [el], Maria Svolou, da sauran masu fafutukar mata, sun kafa League for Woman's Rights (Girkanci: Σύνδεσμος για τα Δικαι variety της Γυναίκας)   kuma sun nemi haɗin gwiwa tare da International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) don ci gaba da bukatun su na daidaito. Tun daga farko, kungiyar ta kasance daya daga cikin kungiyoyin mata na Girka. A cikin 1920, ta gabatar da ƙuduri ga Gwamnatin Girka a madadin ƙungiyar da ke buƙatar a magance rashin daidaito na doka da ke hana mata yin zabe. A shekara mai zuwa, ta zama shugabar kungiyar kuma za ta kasance haka har zuwa 1958, sai dai a lokacin yaƙi lokacin da aka dakatar da kungiyar.

KSE ta daina aiki a 1922  kuma Theodoropoulous ta mayar da hankalinta ga Hukumar Kulawa da Gidan Gida na Kasa (Girkanci: ), wadanda duka kungiyoyi ne da nufin taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira daga Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya. A ƙarshen rikici, Girka ta cika da 'yan gudun hijira kuma Hukumar Kula da Kungiyar ta ba da masu sa kai a ƙauyuka hamsin don samar da taimako. Gidan kare marayu na kasa ne, wanda zai iya ba da gida ga 'yan mata 85. A cikin 1923, Theodoropoulous ta ƙaddamar da mujallar League Woman's Struggle (Girkanci: Ο Α Venusνας της Γυναίκας) kuma ta shiga taron IWSA na 9 da aka gudanar a Roma. Ta zama memba na kwamitin IWSA kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 1935 kuma daga lambobin sadarwa da ta yi a taron, ta kafa Little Entente of Women (Girkanci: Μικρή Αντάντ Γυναικών) (LEW) wanda ya haɗu a Bucharest daga baya a wannan shekarar. A wannan taron, Theodoropoulous ta girmama tare da lambar yabo ta Sarki Alexander I na Yugoslavia saboda aikinta na zaman lafiya.

LEW ta kunshi 'yan mata daga Czechoslovakia, Girka, Poland, Romania da Yugoslavia kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron shekara-shekara. Theodoropoulous ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar LEW ta Girka daga 1925 zuwa 1927,  bayan shugabancin Alexandrina Cantacuzino. Ta kasance mai matukar aiki a wannan lokacin tare da tarurruka na kasa da kasa kuma ta sami nasara a gida, lokacin da a cikin 1930 aka ba wa mata masu ilimi na Girka damar zabar jami'an gida.

 Ayyukansa na baya 
A shekara ta 1936, Theodoropoulou ya bar Hellenic Conservatory kuma ya fara koyarwa a National Conservatoire .  A wannan shekarar, lokacin da Ioannis Metaxas ya hau mulkin kama-karya a kan Girka, ya dakatar da ayyukan kungiyar mata. zama sun yi amfani da ayyukansu a cikin kokarin tsayayya da yaki ga aikin  kuma Theodoropolous, kamar yadda ta yi a wasu rikice-rikice, ta ba da gudummawa a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya. 

A shekara ta 1946, ta zama shugabar sabuwar kungiyar Panhellenic Federation of Women (Girkanci: ) (POG), wanda aka haɓaka don kawo dukkan kungiyoyin mata tare da daidaita matsayi na hagu da dama. POG ta shirya wani taro da aka gudanar a watan Mayu 1946 tare da wakilai 671 da suka taru a Athens, amma a cikin watanni Yaƙin basasa ya ɓarke kuma Theodoropoulou ta yi murabus saboda ta ji cewa ƙungiyar mata ta kasance ba ta jam'iyya ba.

An tilasta mata sanya hannu kan rantsuwar aminci a 1948 saboda rawar da ta yi a baya tare da kwaminisanci  kuma 'yan sanda na sirri sun ajiye fayiloli game da ita da mijinta tsakanin 1949 da mutuwarsu, waɗanda ba a lalata su ba har zuwa 1989.  Bayan rikici ya ƙare, Theodoropoulou ta ci gaba da shiga cikin taron IWSA, ta halarci taron da aka gudanar a Amsterdam (1949), Stockholm (1951), Naples (1952), Colombo (1955), Copenhagen (1956), da Athens (1958). 

A shekara ta 1952, matan Girka a ƙarshe sun sami damar zama cikakkun mahalarta jefa kuri'a. Ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa a shekara ta 1957 kuma daga League for Women's Rights a shekara ta 1958.  A cikin shekarunta na baya, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar kiɗa, tana bugawa a cikin jaridu da mujallu, kuma bayan mutuwar mijinta a 1961, ta shirya tarihin su. Theodoropoulou ya mutu a Athens a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 1963.

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata

 Manazarta 

 Bayani 

 Tushen 


 Ƙarin karantawa 

 Bonnie G. Smith: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set
 Uglow, Jennifer S. & Hendry, Maggy, The Macmillan dictionary of women's biography, 3. ed.[Hasiya]
Rukuni:Haihuwar 1880
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba