Mata 'yan kasuwa

Tarihi 
Kasuwancin farko na mata a Amurka an rubuta shi a cikin 1739 lokacin da Eliza Lucas Pinckney ta mallaki gonakin danginta a South Carolina lokacin da take da shekaru 16.[5]SBDCNet (2019-03-26). "Women in Business: A Brief History | SBDC National Blog". SBDCNet. Retrieved 2020-04-11. A ƙarni na 18 da na 19, mata suna gudanar da ƙananan sana'o'in da suka samu daga gado ko don ƙarin abin da suke samu.  A yawancin lokuta, suna ƙoƙari su guje wa talauci ko kuma suna maye gurbin kuɗin shiga daga asarar ma'aurata.  A wancan lokacin ba a yi la’akari da irin sana’o’in da wadannan mata suka yi a matsayin na kasuwanci ba.  Da yawa daga cikinsu sun mayar da hankali kan ayyukan da suke da su na cikin gida.  Misali, tare da tsayin daka da manyan shingaye ga ilimi da sauran damar yin aiki, a tarihi an mayar da mata baƙar fata zuwa ayyukan yi masu ƙarancin kuɗi da aikin gida musamman a cikin Jim Crow South.[7]"Women's History: The Rise of the Female Entrepreneur". Media Partners Worldwide. 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2024-04-29.A sakamakon haka, matan baƙar fata na farkon karni na 20 sun haɓaka sana'o'in kasuwanci a cikin yin sutura, kula da gashi, aikin gida mai zaman kansa da aikin ungozoma[8]"Women in Business: A Historical Perspective" (PDF).. Ƙananan matakan arziki, samun damar samun jari, wariyar launin fata da rashin isassun hanyoyin sadarwa sun kasance kuma suna ci gaba da zama shinge ga masu sana'ar kasuwanci.[9]Walker's Legacy. (2016). "Black Women Entrepreneurs: Past and Present Conditions of Black Women's Business Ownership." Walker's Legacy.

Ana amfani da kalmar ɗan kasuwa don bayyana mutane waɗanda ke da ra'ayoyin samfura da/ko sabis waɗanda suka juya zuwa kasuwancin aiki.  A zamanin da, an keɓe wannan kalmar ga maza.[10]

Mata sun kara shiga harkar kasuwanci ne kawai a lokacin da tunanin mata a harkar kasuwanci ya zama abin sha’awa ga jama’a;  duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa babu ’yan kasuwa mata[11] har sai lokacin.  A cikin karni na 17, ’yan mulkin mallaka na Holland da suka zo abin da a yanzu ake kira birnin New York, sun yi aiki a karkashin al'ummar matata.  A cikin wannan al'umma, mata da yawa sun gaji kudi da filaye, kuma ta hanyar wannan gado ne suka zama masu kasuwanci.  Daya daga cikin matan da suka yi nasara a wannan lokacin ita ce Margaret Hardenbrook Philipse, wacce 'yar kasuwa ce, mai jirgin ruwa, kuma ta shiga cikin cinikin kayayyaki.[12] 

 Alkalumma 
Bincike ya nuna cewa ’yan kasuwa mata masu nasara sun fara sana’arsu a matsayin sana’a ta biyu ko ta uku.  Saboda sana’o’in da suka yi a baya, ‘yan kasuwa mata sun shiga duniyar kasuwanci daga baya a rayuwarsu, kusan shekaru 40-60.  fara kasuwanci da larura fiye da maza.”[16]"GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor". GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Retrieved 2016-08-12. Saboda mata suna wuce takwarorinsu maza a matakin ilimin da aka samu, [17]Schumpeter (27 August 2011). "The daughter also rises women are storming emerging-world boardrooms". The Economist.samun digiri na ilimi na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman halayen da mutane da yawa ke da su.  ’yan kasuwa mata masu nasara suna da iri ɗaya.  Matsakaicin yawan aikin dogaro da kai ga mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 25 a cikin kasashen OECD shine 7.2%.[18]

Adadin mata masu dogaro da kai ya karu a hankali cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata, wanda ya sanya su ya kai kusan kashi talatin da uku cikin dari.  Yawancin kasuwancin mata na ci gaba da zama na gida.  Ire-iren wadannan sana’o’in galibi suna da karancin kudaden shiga inda kusan kashi tamanin cikin dari nasu ke samun kasa da dala 50,000 a shekarar 2002. Wannan rukunin ya kai kusan kashi shida cikin dari na yawan kasuwancin mata.  Ana sa ran ‘ya’yan wadannan mata ‘yan kasuwa za su bunkasa wannan adadin domin suna taimakawa wajen karuwar mata ‘yan kasuwa.  Yawancin sana'o'in mata suna cikin tallace-tallace, ciniki, da masana'antu.  Har ila yau, 'yan kasuwa mata sun yi suna a cikin sana'a, kimiyya, da fasaha, da kuma kiwon lafiya da taimakon zamantakewa.  A mafi yawan kasashen OECD, ’yan kasuwa mata sun fi takwarorinsu maza yin aiki a masana’antar aiyuka.[19]  

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