Vasco da gama pillar, Malinda

Vasco da Gama Pillar a Malindi, Kenya, wani ɗan ƙasar Portugal mai binciken Vasco da Gama ne ya gina shi. An gina shi a cikin 1498 ko 1499 yayin balaguron jirgin ruwa na majagaba daga Lisbon zuwa Indiya ta hanyar Cape of Good Hope (1497-99).

Vasco da Gama ya fara ziyartar Malindi daga 15 zuwa 24 ga Afrilu 1498. Sarkin Malindi ya karbe shi da kyau kuma an ba shi abinci, ruwan sha da matukin jirgi don daukar jiragen ruwa a tekun Indiya zuwa 'Calicut' (kozhikode na zamani). ).https://archive.org/details/pathfindersgloba00fern/page/178/mode/2up A lokacin tafiyar, an ba mai binciken damar kafa wani padrão, wanda ya haɗa da giciye da aka yi da dutsen farar ƙasa na Portugal mai ɗauke da rigar makamai na Portugal. Yawancin masana tarihi sun nuna cewa hakan ya faru ne a lokacin da ya dawo daga Indiya a shekara ta 1499.J. S. Kirkman (ed.), The Portuguese Period in East Africa by Justus Strandes(Nairobi, 1961), p. 28. Duk da haka, Gaspar Correia, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan tarihin ƙarni na goma sha shida na farko, ya nuna cewa an gina giciye a ƙarshen ziyarar farko ta Vasco da Gama a Malindi. Ko ta yaya, Corrêa ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ginin padrão.https://archive.org/details/voyageroundworld01tayl/page/140/mode/2up Corrêa ya nuna cewa padrão ya samo asali ne a kan tudu 'a sama da tashar jiragen ruwa a gefen hagu na birnin, wurin da yake da kyau sosai, don a iya ganin ginshiƙi daga dukan teku,'https://archive.org/details/voyageroundworld01tayl/page/140/mode/2up (outeiro que hauia). sobre o porto á parte da mão esquerda da cidade, lugar muy vistoso,https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69713/page/n97/mode/2up que de todo. Sai dai gina giciyen Kirista ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin maƙwabtan Sarkin Musulmi, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke shi ya ajiye.

Bayan balaguron Vasco da Gama zuwa Indiya a cikin 1502–3, an kafa ƙaramin wurin ciniki na Portuguese a Malindi. A shekara ta 1509 masana'antar ita ce kawai tushe na Portugal a yankin, a karkashin wani jami'in da aka bayyana a matsayin 'Kyaftin na bakin tekun Malindi'.J. S. Kirkman (ed.), The Portuguese Period in East Africa by Justus Strandes(Nairobi, 1961), p. 115-116. Sarkin Malindi ya kasance babban aminin Portugal a gabar tekun gabashin Afirka har tsawon karni na sha shida.Eric Axelson, Portuguese in South-East Africa 1488-1600 (C. Struik Ltd. 1973), p. 234.

Padrão, wanda ke saman gicciye, an kafa shi ne a wurin da yake aiki a halin yanzu a kan ƙaramin dutsen da ke kallon teku. An sanya alamar wurinsa akan taswirar duniya na Martin Waldseemüller na 1507.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Waldseemuller_Map_1507_ct000725Z_Sheet_10.tif Lokacin da Francis Xavier ya ziyarci Malindi a shekara ta 1542 ya lura cewa 'Yan Portuguese sun gina a kusa da birnin wani babban giciye na dutse mai kyau, wanda ya cika ko'ina. Ba zan iya bayyana muku irin farin cikin da na ji na kalle shi ba. Kamar dai ƙarfin Cross ya bayyana yana cin nasara a tsakiyar mulkin kafirai.'https://archive.org/details/lifelettersofstf01coleuoft/page/116/mode/2up (Junto con esta ciudad hicieron los portugueses una cruz grande de piedra, dorada, muy hermosa. En verla, Dios nuestro Señor sabe cuanta consolación recibimos, conociendo cuan grande es la virtud de la cruz, viéndola así sola y con tanta victoria entre tanta morería.)Cartas y Escritos de San Francisco Javier. Única edición castellana completa según la edición crítica de Monumenta Historica Soc. Iesu (1944-1945). Anotadas por el Padre Félix Zubillaga S. I., 3rd edition (Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1979), p. 88.

Malindi padrão ita ce ɗaya tilo daga cikin waɗanda ma'aikatan ruwa na Portugal suka gina a bakin tekun Afirka don tsira a wurin zama na asali.https://museums.or.ke/vasco-dagama-pillar/ Mafi sanannun Cape Cross padrão, alal misali, an ɗauke shi zuwa Jamus a ƙarni na sha tara kafin a mayar da shi Namibiya a cikin 2019.https://www.dhm.de/blog/2018/06/06/stories-the-stone-cross-from-cape-cross-three-countries-three-histories-one-past/ https://www.dw.com/en/germany-returning-stone-cross-artifact-to-namibia/a-48768706

An nuna ginshiƙin akan ginshiƙi na Bankin damisa (kudancin Malindi) da aka zana a watan Nuwamba 1823.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_cross_1823.jpg Wata tawagar binciken Admiralty ta Biritaniya wacce Kyaftin ya jagoranta ta zana hakan William Fitzwilliam Owen. Owen ya bayyana ma'anar abin da ginshiƙin ya tsaya a kai da 'daidaitacce a saman, kuma ya ɗaga sama da teku kamar ƙafa goma sha biyu. Idan har akwai rubutu akan wannan ginshiƙi an shafe shi gaba ɗaya, domin ba za a iya gano layi ba; amma giciyen marmara da ke kan kolinsa ya baje kolin hannun Portugal cikin cikakken kiyayewa.'https://archive.org/details/narrativeofvoyag00owen/page/240/mode/2up Padrão da aka kwatanta akan ginshiƙi na Owen ya yi kama da ginshiƙin zamani.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_cross_1823.jpg Wannan yana nuna cewa an ƙarfafa ainihin padrão a wani lokaci a baya.

Taswirar Admiralty ta United Kingdom ta 1834, dangane da sigar Owen ta 1823 amma gami da sabuntawar nasa, ya rubuta padrão a matsayin 'Vasco da Gama's Pillar'. Hakanan ginshiƙi ya lura cewa a wancan lokacin babu 'bangaren birni na Melinda da ya taɓa ɗaukaka sai dai wannan Al'amudin.'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_667_Port_Melinda_(Malindi)_detail.jpg Har ila yau, an lura da ginshiƙin a kan ginshiƙi na 1867, yana yin rikodin rafin da ba a taɓa saninsa ba a kudancinsa.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Port_Melinda_reef_1867.jpg

Ƙasar da ginshiƙin ke tsaye a kanta ya lalace tsawon shekaru da kuma fallasa matsayin padrão yana nufin cewa ya zama mummunan yanayi. A cikin Afrilu 1873, hafsan sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya Kyaftin George John Malcolm na HMS na Biritaniya ya bincika Malindi.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melinda_chart_1873.jpg Wannan ya haɗa da hoton ginshiƙi da ƙasan da yake tsaye a kai.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Vasco_da_Gama_Pillar_Melinda_chart_1873.jpg Ya yanke shawarar a karfafa padrãohttps://museums.or.ke/vasco-dagama-pillar/. An kuma bayyana Pillar Vasco da Gama a taƙaice a cikin bugu na The Africa Pilot na ƙarni na sha tara, wanda ya ba da kwatancen tuƙi ga masu ruwa da tsaki.https://archive.org/details/africapilot00britgoog/page/414/mode/2up

An ayyana ginshiƙin a matsayin abin tunawa na ƙasa a cikin 1935 kuma a halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin National Museums na Kenya.https://museums.or.ke/vasco-dagama-pillar/ Yayin da wasu lokuta ake da'awar cewa padrão an yi shi ne da murjani, binciken da Ma'aikatar Geological Service ta Portugal ta yi ya tabbatar da cewa dutsen farar ƙasa ne tare da burbushin halittu irin waɗanda aka samu a gadajen dutse na Lisbon.Eric Axelson (1961). 'Prince Henry the Navigator and the discovery of the sea route to India', The Geographical Journal, 127, pp. 153-154. Wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne tunda masu bincike, gami da Vasco da Gama, yawanci sun ɗauki padrões da yawa da aka sassaƙa don kafawa a kan fitattun ƙasashe. Waɗannan sun yi aiki don tallata firamare na Fotigal wajen ganowa da kuma nuna niyyar masu binciken don yada addinin Kiristanci.Eric Axelson (1961). 'Prince Henry the Navigator and the discovery of the sea route to India', The Geographical Journal, 127, pp. 149-150.

Tambarin Kenya na 1998 ya yi bikin cika shekaru na ziyarar Vasco da Gama.https://www.ebay.com/itm/394171033204 42s ku. tambari ya baje kolin ginshiƙin a cikin tunanin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya ba ginshiƙin al'adar hawan dutsen bakin ciki na al'ada maimakon sifar ginshiƙin da aka ƙarfafa da kuma gicciyen squat da ake gani a yau.

Tushen a yau shi ne wurin gadon da aka fi ziyarta a Malindi. Ayyukan gyare-gyaren da aka yi tun daga 2020 sun haɗa da ƙarfafa ganuwar teku da ake da su, gyare-gyaren ginshiƙin kanta, gina hanyar da aka shimfida da kuma samar da dakunan wanka a kan wurin don baƙi.https://www.kbc.co.ke/malindi-vasco-dagama-pillar-gets-ksh-59-million-facelift/

Samun shiga ginshiƙi yana ƙarƙashin tikitin shigarwa. Tikiti ɗaya a halin yanzu yana rufe rukunan huɗun da ke ƙarƙashin ikon gidan kayan tarihi na Malindi. Waɗannan su ne: Vasco da Gama Pillar, Chapel Portuguese, House of Columns da Heritage Complex Museum.https://museums.or.ke/malindi-museum/

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