Diogenes

Diogenes (/daɪˈɒdʒɪniːz/ dy-OJ-in-eez; Girkanci na dā: Διογένης, romanized: Diogénēs [di.oɡénɛːs]), wanda kuma aka sani da Diogenes the Cynic (Δινγέέέγέέγ)  Κυνικός, Diogénēs ho Kynikós) ko Diogenes na Sinope, wani masanin falsafa ne na Girka kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Cynicism.  An haife shi a Sinope, wani yanki na Ionia a bakin tekun Bahar Black na Anatoliya, a cikin 412 ko 404 BC kuma ya mutu a Koranti a shekara ta 323 BC.1]Laërtius 1925, §79

Diogenes na Sinope

Mutum-mutumin Diogenes a Sinop, Turkiyya

Diogenes mutum ne mai jayayya.  An kore shi, ko kuma ya gudu, daga Sinope saboda wulakanta kuɗaɗen waje.  Shi ɗan mai kula da ƙasar Sinope ne, kuma an yi ta muhawara kan ko shi ne, mahaifinsa, ko kuma dukansu waɗanda suka yi wa kudin Sinopiya suna.[2]Diogenes of Sinope Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. By Julie Piering. Downloaded 14 June 2022  Bayan tafiyarsa cikin gaggawa daga Sinope ya koma Athens inda ya ci gaba da sukar manyan tarurrukan Athens na wannan rana.  Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da shi bayan Antisthenes kuma ya zama “abokinsa mai aminci"[3]Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 6, 18, 21; Dio Chrysostom, Orations, viii. 1–4; Aelian, x. 16; Stobaeus, Florilegium, 13.19.  ’Yan fashi sun kama Diogenes kuma suka sayar da shi bauta, daga baya ya zauna a Koranti.  A nan ya ba da falsafarsa na Cynicism zuwa Crates, wanda ya koyar da ita ga Zeno na Citium, wanda ya tsara ta zuwa makarantar Stoicism, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun falsafar Girkanci masu dawwama.

Babu wasu ingantattun rubuce-rubucen Diogenes da suka tsira, amma akwai wasu bayanai na rayuwarsa daga tatsuniyoyi (chreia), musamman daga littafin Diogenes Laërtius Lives and Opinions of Filosophers da wasu madogara.4]IEP  Diogenes ya yi halin talauci.  Ya roƙi rayuwa kuma yakan kwana a cikin babban tulu, ko pithos, a kasuwa.[5]Desmond, William (2008). Cynics. University of California Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780520258358. Archived from the original on 2017-04-29. Retrieved 2016-02-23. Ya yi amfani da salonsa mai sauƙi da ɗabi'a don sukar ɗabi'u da cibiyoyin zamantakewar abin da yake gani a matsayin lalatacciyar al'umma mai ruɗani.  Ya yi kaurin suna wajen yin barci da cin abinci a duk inda ya ga dama ta hanyar da ba na al'ada ba kuma ya yi taurin kai ga dabi'a.  Ya ayyana kansa a matsayin dan duniya kuma dan kasa a duniya maimakon yin mubaya'a a wuri guda.

Ya misalta kansa da misalin Heracles, yana gaskanta cewa an fi bayyana halin kirki a aikace fiye da a ka'ida.  Ya yi ƙaurin suna a fagen ilimin falsafa, kamar ɗaukar fitila da rana, yana iƙirarin neman “mutum” (wanda galibi a Turanci ake fassara shi da “neman mai gaskiya” kamar yadda Diogenes ke kallon mutanen da ke kewaye da shi a matsayin marasa gaskiya kuma ba su da gaskiya.  rashin hankali).  Ya soki Plato, ya yi sabani game da fassararsa na Socrates, kuma ya lalata laccocinsa, wani lokaci yana jan hankalin masu sauraro ta hanyar kawo abinci da cin abinci a lokacin tattaunawar.  ya ziyarci Koranti a shekara ta 336 BC.[6]Laërtius 1925, §32; Plutarch, Alexander, 14, On Exile, 15.

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