Daular Idrisid

Daular Idrisid (Larabci: الأدارسة al-Adārisah) daular Larabawa ce ta musulmi daga shekara ta 788 zuwa 974, wacce ke mulkin mafi yawan kasar Maroko a yau da kuma wasu sassan yammacin Aljeriya a yau. An yi wa wanda ya kafa suna, Idris I, Idriss suna daular Alid da ta fito daga zuriyar Annabi Muhammad(S.A.W) ta wurin jikansa imam Hasan. A al'adance ana daukar Idrisid a matsayin wadanda suka kafa kasar Moroko ta farko, inda suka kafa tsarin daular da ta biyo baya da kuma jihohin da ke tsakiyar wannan yanki. Mulkin nasu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon Musuluntar Maroko sannan kuma ya jagoranci karuwar shige da ficen Larabawa da ba da larabci a manyan biranen.A lokacin da ya tsere daga Khalifancin Abbasinawa zuwa gabas bayan yakin Fakhkh, Idris I ya fara kafa kansa a shekara ta 788 a Volubilis da ke kasar Moroko a yau tare da taimakon 'yan kabilar Berber. Daga baya shi da dansa, Idris II, suka kafa abin da ya zama birnin Fez a gabas. Fez ya zama babban birnin jihar Idrisid wadda ta mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Moroko a yau da kuma wani yanki na yammacin Aljeriya. Bayan rasuwar Idris II, an raba daular tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza da mata. Bayan wani lokaci na rikice-rikice, ikon daular ya sake komawa kuma ya kasance mai kwanciyar hankali tsakanin shekara 836 zuwa 863. A karshen karni na 9, duk da haka, sun fuskanci kalubale da kuma adawa na gida. A karni na 10 yankin ya shiga karkashin ikon siyasa na kabilun Zenata wadanda suka yi yakin neman zabe a madadin kasashe biyu masu gaba da juna a yankin, Khalifan Fatimid da Khalifan Umayyad na Cordoba. An kori Idrisid daga Fez a shekara ta 927, amma sun kasance a cikin wani yanki da aka rage a arewacin Morocco daga sansaninsu na Hajar an-Nasr Wanda Daga karshe dai ya janyo musu shan kaye da kuma cire su daga mulki a shekara ta 974, sannan kuma daga bisani sunyi wani dan takaitaccen yunkurin na ganin sun sake dawo da mulki a shekara ta 985 amma dukda yunkurinsu shi ma 
hakan yaci tura (ma'ana ya gagara).

suka kafa jihar Idrisid: Idris I da Idris II
Har ya zuwa kashi 50% daga cikin kashi100% na daga cikin karni na 8, yankunan yammacin Maghreb, ciki har da Morocco a yau, sun kasance masu cin gashin kansu daga Khalifancin Umayyawa tun lokacin da Khariji ya jagoranci Berber wanda ya fara a 739-40. Halifancin Abbasiyawa bayan 750 ba su sake samun nasarar sake kafa iko da Morocco ba Hambarar da ikon gabashin kasar na nufin cewa Moroko na karkashin ikon kabilu da masarautun Berber daban-daban da suka bullo a wannan lokaci, kamar kungiyar Barghwata Confederacy. a gabar Tekun Atlantika da Masarautar Midrarid a Sijilmasa.

Wanda ya kafa daular Idrisid shine Idris bn Abdallah (788-791), wanda ya samo asali daga zuri'arsa zuwa ga Ali bn Abi Talib (ya rasu a shekara ta 661) da matarsa Fatimah diyar fiyayyen halitta Annabin musulunci, Annabi Muhammad (S A W). Shi ne jikan Hasan bn Ali bn Abu talib. Shekara 81  Bayan yakin Fakhkh da ke kusa da Makka tsakanin Abbasiyawa da magoya bayan zuriyar Fiyayyen halitta Annabin Muhammad (S A W). Idris bn Abdallah ya gudu zuwa yankin Magrib. Da farko ya isa Tangier, birni mafi mahimmanci na Morocco a lokacin, kuma a shekara ta 788 ya zauna a Volubilis (wanda aka fi sani da Walili a Larabci).

kujerar mulki tun daga Awraba ta mamaye Walili har zuwa Fes, inda ya kafa sabuwar mazauni mai suna Al-'Aliya. Idris II (791-828) ya haqaka birnin Fez, wanda mahaifinsa ya kafa tun da farko a matsayin garin kasuwar Berber. A nan ya yi maraba da rakuman hijira biyu na Larabawa: Daya a cikin 818 daga Cordoba da wani a cikin 824 daga Aghlabid Tunisia, yana ba Fes wani hali na Larabawa fiye da sauran garuruwan Maghrebi. A lokacin da Idris II ya rasu a shekara ta 828, kasar Idrisid ta taso ne daga yammacin Aljeriya zuwa Sous a kudancin Morocco, kuma ta zama jaha ta farko a Morocco, a gaban shugabannin Sijilmasa, Barghawata da Nekor wadanda suka kasance a wajen ikonsu.

Asilah kuma ya zauna a kusa, yayin da Muhammad ya ba Umar gwamnan Tangier a matsayin lada. Lokacin da Umar ya rasu a watan Satumba ko Oktoba 835 an ba dansa Ali ibn Umar dukkan ikon mahaifinsa bi da bi. Muhammadu da kansa ya rasu bayan watanni bakwai a watan Maris ko Afrilu 836. Dansa Ali ibn Muhammad ya gaji mukaminsa kuma ya yi mulki na tsawon shekaru 13 (836-849) bisa cancantar da ta dace, ta tabbatar da zaman lafiyar kasa. Bayan rasuwarsa a shekara ta 849 ya gaje shi da Dan uwansa Yahaya ibn Muhammad (ko Yahaya na I), wanda shi ma ya sami mulkin lumana.

Idrisid dirham, wanda aka buga a al'Aliyah (Fes), Morocco, 840 CE. Tsabar tana dauke da sunan Ali: surukin Muhammadu, Halifa na hudu, kuma kakan Idriss.
A wannan lokacin al'adun Musulunci da na Larabci sun sami karfafuwa a garuruwan kuma Morocco ta sami riba daga kasuwancin da ke wuce sahara, wanda 'yan kasuwa Musulmi (mafi yawansu Berber) suka mamaye. Haka nan birnin Fes ya bunqasa ya kuma zama cibiyar addini mai mahimmanci 52. A zamanin mulkin Yahya an sami karin baki larabawa sun zo kuma an kafa fitattun masallatai na al-Qarawiyyin da Andalusiyyin. Duk da haka, al'adun Musulunci da na Larabci kawai sun yi tasiri a cikin garuruwan, tare da mafi yawan al'ummar Morocco har yanzu suna amfani da yarukan Berber kuma galibi suna bin ka'idodin addinin Musulinci da koyarwar   Musulinci. Idrisid ya kasance masu mulkin garuruwan kuma ba su da wani iko a kan mafi yawan al'ummar kasar.

Ragewa Faruwa
Banu Umayyawa kuma suka sake dora Fatimid mulkin mallaka a yammacin Magrib. A shekara ta 985 ya koma Morocco tare da goyon bayan Fatimid, amma a wannan shekarar wani janar na Banu Umayyawa da al-Mansur ya aiko ya yi nasara a kansa, sannan ya kashe shi a kan hanyar zuwa Cordoba. Wannan ya kawo karshen daular Idrisid. Banu Umayya sun ci gaba da rike arewacin Morocco har sai da khalifancinsu ya ruguje a farkon karni na 11. Bayan haka, kabilun Zenata Berber iri-iri ne suka mamaye Maroko.Har zuwa hawan Sanhaja Almoravids daga baya a karni, Magrawa ne ke iko da Fes, Sijilmasa da Aghmat yayin da Banu Ifran ke mulkin Tlemcen. Salé (Chellah), da yankin Tadla.

Addini
A cewar Encyclopædia Britannica, “duk da cewa Idris na da tausayin ‘yan Shi’a, amma jihar da dansa ya kafa ta Ahlus-Sunnah ce a cikin al’amuran da suka shafi akidar addini". Wasu malamai na wannan zamani sun siffanta su da Shi'a ko Zaidiyya ko wani bangare, mai yiwuwa saboda alakarsu ta siyasa. Idriss sun kasance masu adawa da halifancin Abbasiyawa a siyasance. Wasu kuma sun soki wannan ikirari da haka tauhidin Shi'a da wani yunkuri na siyasa a cikin wani lokaci na tarihi inda har yanzu babu wani tauhidin Shi'a da ya bambanta da tauhidin Sunna a wannan yanki[18]. Amira Bennison ya bayar da hujjar cewa Idrisid coinage yana nuna cewa Idris I ya bayyana kansa a matsayin shugaban addini wanda halalcinsa ya ta’allaka ne da zuriyarsa daga Muhammad, wanda Bennison ya bayyana a matsayin “Matsayin Shi’a ko ‘Alid”.

‘Yan kabilar Awraba wadanda suka tarbi Idris I a Volubilis su ne Mu’tazila kuma Idris ya dogara sosai kan goyon bayan kabilun Mu’tazila Berber don kafa jiharsa. Haka nan kuma mai yiwuwa ya kasance yana da alaka da jiga-jigan Mu’utazila na Hijaz da gabas, yayin da wani Mu’tazila Khatib daga Basra ya raka shi a tafiyarsa zuwa Magrib wanda ya taimaka masa wajen samun goyon bayan kabilu. Sai dai ba a san ko wace irin al’ummar da ya kafa ita ce Mu’tazila ba.

 Manazarta 

Category:Dauloli
Category:Daulolin Larabawa