Abdulrazak Gurnah

Abdulrazak Gurnah FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1948) ɗan asalin ƙasar Tanzania ne kuma masanin ne a kan kimiyya. An haife shi a Sultanate na Zanzibar kuma ya koma kasar Ingila a cikin shekarun 1960 a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Zanzibar .  ya rubuta Littattafan da dama ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna Aljanna a shekara(1994), wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi don Booker da Whitbread Prize; By the Sea a shekara alif dubu biyu da daya (2001), wanda aka ƙadamar da shi don Bookers kuma an ƙadamar da shi ga Los Angeles Times Book Prize; da Desertion a shekara ta alif dubu da biyar (2005), an ƙaddamar da su don Kyautar Marubutan Commonwealth. 

An ba Gurnah lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da a sherin da daya 2021 a cikin wallafe-wallafen "saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali da tausayi game da tasirin mulkin mallaka da makomar 'yan gudun hijira a cikin gulf tsakanin al'adu da nahiyoyi".    Shi ne Farfesa Emeritus na Turanci da Littattafan Postcolonial a Jami'ar Kent . 

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haifi Abdulrazak Gurnah a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1948  a cikin Sultanate na Zanzibar.  Ya bar tsibirin, wanda daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Tanzania, yana da shekaru 18 bayan da aka hambarar da manyan Larabawa a Juyin Juya Halin Zanzibar,  ya isa Ingila a 1968 a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. Ya fito ne daga asalin Larabawa,  kuma mahaifinsa da kawunsa 'yan kasuwa ne da suka yi ƙaura daga Yemen.  An nakalto Gurnah yana cewa, "Na zo Ingila lokacin da waɗannan kalmomi, kamar masu neman mafaka, ba iri ɗaya ba ne - mutane da yawa suna gwagwarmaya da gudu daga jihohin ta'addanci. "

Da farko ya kanmala karatu sa a Kwalejin Christ Church, Canterbury, wanda Jami'ar kasar London ta ba da digiri a lokacin. Daga nan sai ya koma Jami'ar Kent, inda ya sami kwalin digirinsa na PhD tare da rubutun da ake kira Criteria in the Criticism of West African Fiction,