Fawziyya Abu Khalid

Fawziyya Abu Khalid (an haifeta a shekara ta 1955) mawakiya ce ta Saudi Arabiya, marubuci, masanin zamantakewa, kuma farfesa. An san waƙarta da shahararrun abubuwan siyasa da kuma mayar da hankali kan ikon mata na samun ilimi da 'yanci. An kafa sunanta na wallafe-wallafen ne ta hanyar buga tarin waƙoƙinta na farko, Har sai lokacin da za su sace ka a daren bikin aurenta? (1974). Ta ci gaba da buga wasu tarin shayari guda biyu, mai taken Secret Readings in the History of Arab Silence (1985) da Mirage Water (1995).

 Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi 
An haife shi a Riyadh a shekara ta 1955, Fawziyya Abu Khalid ya girma ne a cikin dangin Bedouin na yara goma sha ɗaya. Mahaifiyarta, Sharifa Nur al-Hashemi, ta fito ne daga Makka, kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga jama'a don ƙuntata ayyukan mata da damar ilmantarwa a Hijaz. Binciken Sharifa Nur al-Hashemi na ilimi da daidaito tsakanin maza da mata ya yi wa Abu Khalid wahayi zuwa ga rubutawa da bayyana kanta tun tana ƙarama.

A lokacin da mata a Saudi Arabia ba su da damar ilimi, Fawziyya Abu Khalid ya yi sa'a don samun ilimi. Ta sami BA a cikin ilimin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Amurka ta Beirut a Beirut, Lebanon da kuma MA daga Kwalejin Lewis da Clark a Portland, Oregon . Tana kuma da digiri na PhD. a cikin ilimin zamantakewa, kuma ta ci gaba da raba ƙaunarta ga ilimi a matsayin farfesa na yanzu a Jami'ar King Saud . 

 Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen 
Fawziyya Abu Khalid sananne ne saboda kasancewa muryar waka ta zamani ta matan Saudiyya.  Kodayake aikinta na farko ya fi tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa, daga baya ta ci gaba da rubutu game da siyasa. A shekara ta 1974, tana da shekaru goma sha takwas, ta wallafa tarin waƙoƙinta na farko a cikin wani labari mai taken, Har sai lokacin da za su sace ka a kan dare na bikin aurenta? Daga baya ta wallafa wasu litattafan tarin shayari guda biyu, Secret Readings in the History of Arab Silence a 1985 da Mirage Water a 1995. Baya ga waɗannan littattafai uku na shayari, ta kuma buga rubutun da yawa game da nazarin ilimin zamantakewa.

Fawziyya Abu Khalid yana daya daga cikin marubutan Saudiyya na zamani wanda ya fuskanci tantancewa saboda tsananin fassarar dokar Islama, wanda aka sani da Wahhabism . Duk da tsauraran dokokin Saudi Arabia, Abu Khalid ba ta yarda da wannan tantancewa don iyakance bayyanar ta fasaha ba.

Waƙoƙin Fawziyya Abu Khalid suna cike da aya kyauta da kuma dabarun magana waɗanda ke wakiltar asalinta na gabas da Larabawa.Kutrieh, Marcia. "The Speaker/Self in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's Poetry". Damascus University Journal. ٢٠. An gano ta a matsayin 'yar Saudiyya ta hanyar amfani da alamun oases da Peninsula. Hakazalika, an gano ta a matsayin Musulmi ta hanyar nassoshi ga alamomin gargajiya na Islama kamar ruwan Zamzam da houries. Duk da alaƙar da take da ita gabas da Larabawa, Abu Khalid har yanzu tana amfani da dabarar labaran zamani wanda ke bayyana ta a matsayin mawakiyar Larabawa ta zamani. An dauke ta zamani saboda amfani da "harshe mai hankali [wanda] ya shiga cikin maganganun kai tsaye. " An nuna mata ta hanyar cikakkun bayanai game da jikin mace da tattaunawar aikin yaro a cikin waƙarta mafi shahara, Mother's Inheritance .  A matsayinsa na mawaki, Abu Khalid yana iya hada ra'ayoyi na musamman a cikin aiki mai haɗin kai.

 Tasiri a Saudi Arabia 

 Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci 
An soki Fawziyya Abu Khalid saboda rubuce-rubuce game da jikin mata da kuma ba da yabo ga marubuta a fili. Kodayake ana sa ran ta a matsayin mawakiyar mace don kafa mutum a cikin aikinta wanda zai ci gaba da kasancewa ba a san ta ba, a maimakon haka ta yanke shawarar amfani da muryarta a matsayin mai magana a cikin waƙarta.Kutrieh, Marcia. "The Speaker/Self in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's Poetry". Damascus University Journal. ٢٠. Masu sukar sun ga ba a yarda da mace ta rubuta da muryarta ba, sabili da haka suka yi wa Abu Khalid ba'a. Kungiyoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da yawa sun kai farmaki ga jigoginta na siyasa da tunaninsa game da ilimin mata da 'yanci, kuma sun tilasta wa a dakatar da aikinta a Saudi Arabia.

 Labaran jaridu 
A watan Satumbar 2007, an nuna hoton Fawziyya Abu Khalid a cikin wata kasida daga The International Herald Tribune . Labarin yana mai da hankali kan haƙƙin mace na tuki, batun muhawara mai girma da ƙarfi a Saudi Arabia. A cikin hoton, ana iya ganinta tana zaune a bayan motar yayin da aka tilasta mata dogaro da maza don tuka ta.

A watan Satumbar 2011, Fawziyya Abu Khalid ya yi magana a wata hira da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya a matsayin mai goyon bayan hukuncin Saudi Arabia cewa a ƙarshe za a ba mata damar jefa kuri'a da tsayawa takara a shekarar 2015. A cikin hira, ta ce: "Kamar yadda muka ce, mutane, ba sa rayuwa ne kawai a kan burodi, amma 'yanci muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce ga ɗan adam ya rayu cikin mutunci da daidaito. "A kan batun, ta kuma bayyana a fili: "Ina tsammanin akwai fahimtar kungiyoyi daban-daban, gami da ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a Saudi Arabia, cewa su ne kawai murya a cikin al'umma, [shiruwar mata] ba za su ci gaba ba, kuma dole ne su yarda da rayuwa cewa akwai wasu muryoyi kuma akwai wasu ra'ayoyi  "

 Ayyukanta 

 Littattafan tarin waka guda uku 

 Har sai Yaushe Za Za Za Za Su sace Ka a Ranar Bikin Ranarka? (ya mata yakhtuifunaki lailat al-'urs) (1974) 
 Karatun Asirin a Tarihin Shiru na Larabawa (1985) 
 Ruwa na Mirage (ma'al-sarab) (1995) 

 Shahararrun waƙoƙi a cikin litattafai uku 

 "Gadawar Uwa"
 "Kwakwalwa"
 "Ga Mutum"
 "Rubuce-rubucen Tattoo"
 "Ƙananan 'yan mata biyu"
 "Pearl"
 "Jarabawar da ba a sanar da ita ba game da Ayyukan Soyayya"
 "Zan ci amanar ka"
 "Don Jin daɗin Tsoro"
 "Waƙar"

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955