Library of Alexandria .

Babban ɗakin karatu na Alexandria da ke Alexandria, Masar, yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan dakunan karatu mafi girma a duniyar da.  Laburare wani bangare ne na babbar cibiyar bincike da ake kira Mouseion, wadda aka keɓe ga Muses, alloli tara na fasaha.[10]Murray, S. A., (2009). The library: An illustrated history. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, p. 17  Wataƙila Demetrius na Phalerum, ɗan ƙasar Atina da ke zaman gudun hijira a Alexandria, ya ba da shawarar ra'ayin ɗakin karatu na duniya a Alexandria, ga Ptolemy I Soter, wanda wataƙila ya kafa tsare-tsare na Laburare, amma ɗakin karatu da kansa ba a gina shi ba har sai lokacin mulkin.  na dansa Ptolemy II Philadelphus.  Laburaren nan da nan ya sami naɗaɗɗen littafin papyrus da yawa, saboda manyan manufofin sarakunan Ptolemaic da ke da kuɗaɗe don siyan rubutu.  Ba a san takamaiman adadin naɗaɗɗen da aka ajiye a kowane lokaci ba, amma ƙididdiga sun kai daga 40,000 zuwa 400,000 a tsayinsa.An dauki Alexandria a matsayin babban birnin ilimi da koyo, a wani bangare saboda Babban Laburare.[11]Murray, Stuart (2009). The library: an illustrated history. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-61608-453-0. OCLC 277203534  Yawancin malamai masu mahimmanci da tasiri sun yi aiki a Laburare a ƙarni na uku da na biyu BC, ciki har da: Zenodotus na Afisa, wanda ya yi aiki don daidaita ayyukan Homer;  Callimachus, wanda ya rubuta Pinakes, wani lokaci yana la'akari da kasida na farko na ɗakin karatu a duniya;  Apollonius na Rhodes, wanda ya tsara waƙar waƙar Argonautica;  Eratosthenes na Cyrene, wanda ya ƙididdige kewayen duniya a cikin 'yan kilomita dari na daidaito;  Jarumin Alexandria, wanda ya kirkiro injin tururi na farko da aka rubuta;  Aristophanes na Byzantium, wanda ya ƙirƙira tsarin yaƙe-yaƙe na Girkanci kuma shine farkon wanda ya raba rubutun waƙa zuwa layi;  da Aristachus na Samotrace, wanda ya samar da ingantattun rubutun wakokin Homeric da kuma sharhi masu yawa a kansu.  A lokacin mulkin Ptolemy III Euergetes, an kafa ɗakin karatu na diya a Serapeum, haikali ga allahn Greco-Masar Serapis.Tasirin Laburaren ya ragu a hankali a tsawon ƙarni da yawa.  Wannan raguwar ta fara ne da tsarkake masu ilimi daga Iskandariya a cikin 145 BC a lokacin mulkin Ptolemy VIII Physcon, wanda ya haifar da Aristarchus na Samotrace, shugaban ɗakin karatu, ya yi murabus kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Cyprus.  Wasu malamai da yawa, ciki har da Dionysius Thrax da Apollodorus na Athens, sun gudu zuwa wasu garuruwa, inda suka ci gaba da koyarwa da kuma gudanar da guraben karatu.  Laburaren, ko kuma wani ɓangare na tarinsa, Julius Kaisar ne ya kona shi bisa kuskure a lokacin yakin basasa a shekara ta 48 BC, amma ba a san ko nawa aka lalata ba kuma da alama ko dai ya tsira ko kuma an sake gina shi jim kaɗan bayan haka.  Masanin yanayin kasa Strabo ya ambaci ziyarar Mouseion a kusan shekara ta 20 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, kuma babban abin da aka yi na Didymus Chalenterus a Alexandria daga wannan lokacin yana nuna cewa ya sami damar samun akalla wasu albarkatun Laburare. 

Laburare ya ragu a zamanin Romawa, daga rashin kuɗi da tallafi.  Membanta ya bayyana ya ƙare a 260s AD.  Tsakanin shekara ta 270 zuwa 275 AD, Alexandria ta ga mamayar Palmyrene da wani hari na sarki wanda mai yiwuwa ya lalata duk abin da ya rage na Laburare, idan har yanzu yana nan.  Laburaren 'yar da ke cikin Serapeum mai yiwuwa ta tsira bayan lalata babban ɗakin karatu.  An lalata Serapeum tare da rushe shi a shekara ta 391 AD a karkashin wata doka da Bishop Theophilus na Iskandariya ya bayar, amma da alama ba ta da littafai a lokacin, kuma an yi amfani da ita a matsayin wurin tarukan masana falsafa na Neoplatonism bisa koyarwar Iamblichus.n. 

 Tarihi 

Laburare na Alexandria ba shine farkon irinsa ba.[3]Phillips 2010.[12]  Dogon al'adar ɗakunan karatu ta kasance a cikin Girka da kuma a tsohuwar Gabas ta Kusa.[13][3]  Rubuce-rubucen farko na rubuce-rubucen ya fito ne daga tsohuwar birnin Sumer-Uruk a cikin kusan 3400 BC, lokacin da rubuce-rubuce ya fara haɓakawa.[14]  An fara karatun litattafai na ilimi a kusan shekara ta 2500 BC.[14]  Masarautu na baya da dauloli na tsohuwar Gabas ta kusa suna da dogon al'adun tattara littattafai.[15][3]  Hittiyawa da Assuriyawa na dā suna da manya-manyan ɗakunan ajiya da ke ɗauke da rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta cikin harsuna dabam-dabam.[15]  Shahararriyar ɗakin karatu na tsohuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya ita ce Laburaren Ashurbanipal a Nineba, wanda Sarkin Assuriya Ashurbanipal ya kafa a karni na bakwai BC (wanda ya yi mulki 668-c. 627 BC).[14][3].  Har ila yau, akwai babban ɗakin karatu a Babila a lokacin mulkin Nebukadnezzar na biyu (a.c. 605–c. 562 BC).[15]  A Girka, an ce azzalumi na Athens Pisistratus ya kafa babban ɗakin karatu na jama'a na farko a ƙarni na shida BC.[16]  Daga cikin wannan gauraya na tarin littattafan Helenanci da na Gabas ta Tsakiya ne aka haifi ra'ayin Laburare na Alexandria.[17][3]

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