Yaƙin basasa na Byzantine na 1341-47

Yaƙin basasa na Byzantine da ya faru tsakanin 1341 zuwa 1347, wani lokaci ana kiransa Yaƙin Basasa na Palaiologan na biyu, rikici ne da ya barke a cikin Daular Rumawa bayan mutuwar Andronikos III Palaiologos kan kula da ɗansa ɗan shekara tara. da magaji, John V Palaiologos. A gefe guda kuma babban ministan Andronikos III, John VI Kantakouzenos, kuma a daya bangaren mulki karkashin jagorancin Empress-Dowager Anna na Savoy, Patriarch of Constantinople John XIV Kalekas, da megas doux Alexios Apokaukos.Yaƙin ya daidaita al'ummar Byzantine tare da layi na aji, tare da aristocracy goyon bayan Kantakouzenos da ƙananan da na tsakiya masu goyon bayan tsarin mulki. A takaice dai, rikicin ya sami isassun maganganu na addini; Byzantium ya shiga cikin rigimar Hesychast, kuma riko da koyarwar sufanci na Hesychasm galibi ana daidaita shi da goyan bayan Kantakouzenos.

A matsayinsa na babban mataimaki kuma babban abokin Sarki Andronikos III, Kantakouzenos ya zama mai mulki ga matasa John V bayan mutuwar Andronikos a watan Yuni 1341. Yayin da Kantakouzenos ba ya nan a Konstantinoful a watan Satumba a wannan shekarar, juyin mulkin da Alexios Apokaukos ya jagoranta da kuma 'yan tawaye. Patriarch John XIV ya sami goyon bayan Empress Anna kuma ya kafa sabon tsarin mulki. A martanin da sojojin Kantakouzenos suka yi da magoya bayansa sun shelanta shi a matsayin sabon sarki a watan Oktoba, inda suka tabbatar da barakar da ke tsakaninsa da sabuwar gwamnatin. Rarrabawar ta rikide zuwa rikici da makami.

Bayan Fage
Karin bayani: Daular Byzantine karkashin daular Palaiologos

A cikin 1341, daular Byzantine ta kasance cikin tashin hankali, kuma duk da mayar da babban birnin daular zuwa Konstantinoful da kuma dawo da wani ma'auni na tsohon ikonsa na Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259-1282), manufofin da aka aiwatar a lokacin mulkinsa. Mulki ya cinye dukiyar jihar, kuma ƙarfin daular ya ragu a ƙarƙashin magajinsa, Andronikos II Palaiologos. (r. 1282-1328).

A tsawon mulkin Andronikos, sauran abubuwan mallakar Byzantine a Asiya Ƙarama sannu a hankali sun fada hannun Turkawa masu ci gaba, musamman sabuwar masarautar Ottoman. Wannan ya haifar da kwararar 'yan gudun hijira zuwa lardunan Turai ta Byzantium, yayin da a lokaci guda kuma, Kamfanin Catalan ya yi barna a yankunan daular. Har ila yau haraji ya tashi sosai don ba da gudummawar haraji ga makiyan Masarautar. Haɗin waɗannan gazawar da buri na kai ya motsa jikan Sarkin sarakuna kuma magaji, matashi Andronikos III Palaiologos, ya yi tawaye. Tare da goyon bayan gungun matasa aristocrats karkashin jagorancin John Kantakouzenos da Syrgiannes Palaiologos, Andronikos III ya kori kakansa bayan jerin rikice-rikice a cikin 1320s. Ko da yake nasarar kawar da tsohon Sarkin sarakuna daga mulki, yakin bai yi nasara ba a nan gaba, kamar yadda makwabta na Daular-Sabiyawa, Bulgarians, Turkawa, Genoese da Venetian - sun yi amfani da rikici na Byzantine don samun yanki ko fadada tasirin su a cikin Daular. Babban jigon saurayi mai gemu. Yana sanye da rawani mai kumbura na zinare sanye da doguwar riga bak'i mai tarin yawa. Hannu ɗaya yana riƙe da sanda; dayan, an akakia.

Sarkin sarakuna Andronikos III, wanda ya kula da ƙarshen lokacin dawo da jihar Byzantine.
Dan daya tilo na tsohon gwamna na hannun jarin Byzantine a Morea, John Kantakouzenos yana da alaƙa da Palaiologoi ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa. Ya gaji dukiya mai yawa a Makidoniya, Thrace da Thessaly, kuma ya zama aboki na ƙuruciya kuma mafi kusanci kuma amintaccen mai ba da shawara na Andronikos III. A zamanin Andronikos III (1328-1341), John Kantakouzenos ya zama babban minista, yana rike da ofishin megas domestikos, babban kwamandan sojojin Byzantine. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyu ta kasance kusa, kuma a cikin shekarar alif 1330, lokacin da Andronikos III marar gado (an haifi John V a 1332) ya yi rashin lafiya ya nace cewa Kantakouzenos ya zama sarki ko sarki bayan mutuwarsa. Dangantakarsu ta kara karfi a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1341, lokacin da babban dan na karshen, Matthew Kantakouzenos, ya auri Irene Palaiologina, dan uwan ​​Sarki.

Mulkin Kantakouzenos: Yuni-Satumba 1341
Bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya, a daren 14-15 ga watan Yuni 1341 sarki Andronikos III ya rasu yana dan shekara 44, watakila saboda zazzabin cizon sauro. Ɗansa mai shekara tara John (John V) shi ne wanda zai gaje shi a fili, amma ba a yi masa shela a hukumance ko kuma aka naɗa shi sarauta a matsayin babban sarki ba. Wannan ya bar wani gibi na shari’a, kuma ya haifar da tambayar wanene zai jagoranci gwamnatin daular.

Taswirar kudu maso gabashin Turai da Anatoliya. Kudancin Girka da Aegean sun rabu tsakanin Byzantines da Latins. Byzantium yana iko da tsakiyar Balkans daga Adriatic zuwa Bahar Black, tare da ƙaramin Serbia da Bulgaria zuwa arewa. Bayan waɗannan akwai Hungary, mai iko da Croatia da yawancin Romanian zamani, da kuma sarakunan Romania na Wallachia da Moldavia. Jihohin Turkiyya ne suka mamaye yankin Anatoliya, inda masarautar Ottoman ta yi fice a arewa maso yamma, ta tsallake teku daga Rumawa. Daular Trebizond tana arewa maso gabashin Anatoliya, tare da wasu ikon Latin a kudu maso gabas.

Daular Byzantine da jihohin da ke makwabtaka da ita a cikin 1340.
Bisa ga al'adar Byzantine, empress-dowager ta atomatik ya jagoranci kowane mulki. Duk da haka, duk da rashin wani nadi na yau da kullun, Kantakouzenos ya sanya 'ya'yan Andronikos III da mai martaba sarki Anna na Savoy a karkashin masu gadi a cikin fadar, kuma a wani taron Majalisar Dattijai na Byzantine ya yi ikirarin wa kansa mulki da mulkin jihar bisa ga gaskiya. na kusancinsa da Sarkin da ya rasu.

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