Abdul Ghani Baradar

Abdul Ghani Baradar (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1963 ko  1968; wanda aka fi sani da Mullah mai daraja) ɗan siyasan Afghanistan ne kuma shugaban addini wanda shi ne mataimakin Firayim Minista na farko, tare da Abdul Salam Hanafi, na gwamnatin Taliban ta Afghanistan . Wanda ya kafa Taliban tare da Mullah Omar, ya kasance babban mataimakin Omar daga 2002 zuwa 2010, kuma tun daga 2019 ya kasance na huɗu a cikin umurni na Taliban, a matsayin na uku na mataimakan Shugaba Hibatullah Akhundzada uku.

Ya rike manyan mukamai a cikin Taliban a lokacin mulkin su na farko daga 1996 zuwa 2001. Bayan da Gwamnatin Taliban ta fadi ga mamayewar da Amurka ke jagoranta a shekara ta 2001, ya tashi ya jagoranci kungiyar Quetta Shura a Pakistan, ya zama shugaban Taliban. Pakistan ta ɗaure shi a shekara ta 2010, watakila saboda yana tattauna yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Gwamnatin Afghanistan a asirce, ba tare da shigar Pakistan ba. An sake shi a shekarar 2018 bisa buƙatar Amurka kuma daga baya aka nada shi mataimakin shugaban Taliban kuma shugaban Qatar" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taliban in Qatar">Ofishin siyasa a Qatar. Bayan Nasarar Taliban a watan Agustan 2021, ya koma Afghanistan kuma ya karbi mukaminsa na yanzu.

Baradar an dauke shi memba ne na Taliban mai matsakaici. Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Doha ta Fabrairu 2020 tare da shi wanda ya haifar da cikakken janyewar sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan. Bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, Taliban ta kaddamar da wani hari na soja a kan gwamnatin Afghanistan a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 2021, yayin da har yanzu ana ci gaba da janyewar Amurka. A ranar 15 ga Satumba 2021, an lissafa Baradar a cikin mujallar Time a matsayin daya daga cikin "Mutanen 100 mafi tasiri a cikin 2021" saboda rawar da ya taka a nasarar Taliban.

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Rahotanni game da ranar da aka haife shi sun bambanta. A cewar Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an haife shi a cikin kimanin 1968 a ƙauyen Yatimak na Gundumar Deh Rawood a Lardin Uruzgan na Masarautar Afghanistan .  Koyaya, takardun shaida sun bayyana shekarar haihuwarsa a matsayin 1963, ko kwanan wata da wurin haihuwarsa kamar 29 Satumba 1963 a Uruzgan.

Shi dan Zirak ne  Durrani Pashtun na kabilar Sadozai, wata kabila ce ta Popalzai .  A cewar ɗan jaridar Dutch Bette Dam, shi da Muhammed Omar sun zama abokai lokacin da suke matasa. A cewar Newsweek, Omar da Baradar na iya zama surukai ta hanyar auren 'yan'uwa mata biyu. Muhammed Omar shugaban farko na Taliban, ya ba shi lakabi 'Baradar', wanda ke nufin 'ɗan'uwa',  ko Mullah Brother. 

 Ayyuka 

 Yaƙin Soviet 
Ya yi yaƙi a cikin shekarun 1980 a cikin Yakin Soviet-Afghan a Kandahar (musamman a yankin Panjwayi), yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin Omar a cikin ƙungiyar Mujahideen na Afghanistan da ke adawa da gwamnatin Afghanistan da ke goyon bayan Soviet. Omar ya ba shi sunan de guerre 'Baradar', wanda ke nufin 'ɗan'uwa',  saboda abokantakarsu ta kusa.  Daga baya ya yi aiki da madrassa a Maiwand, lardin Kandahar, tare da Omar .  

 Farkon aikin Taliban 
A shekara ta 1994, yana daya daga cikin mutane hudu, ciki har da Omar, wanda ya kafa Taliban a kudancin Afghanistan.  A lokacin mulkin Taliban (1996-2001), Baradar ya rike mukamai daban-daban. An ruwaito shi gwamnan lardunan Herat da Nimruz,   da / ko Kwamandan Sojoji na yammacin Afghanistan.  Wani takardar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da ba a bayyana ba ya lissafa shi a matsayin tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Sojoji da Kwamandan Sojojin Tsakiya, Kabul,  yayin da Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa shi ne Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro. 

 Yaƙi a Afghanistan 
Bayan hare-haren 11 ga Satumba 2001, Amurka ta mamaye Afghanistan kuma ta kori Taliban tare da taimakon sojojin Afghanistan. Baradar ya yi yaƙi da Ƙungiyar Arewa da ke tallafawa Amurka kuma, a cewar Newsweek, "ya yi tsalle a kan babur kuma ya kori tsohon abokinsa [Omar] zuwa aminci a cikin duwatsu" a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2001 yayin da tsaron Taliban ke rushewa. Wani labari ya nuna cewa sojojin Afghanistan da ke da alaƙa da Amurka sun kwace Baradar da sauran mutanen Taliban a wani lokaci a wannan watan, amma leken asirin Pakistan ya sami sakin su. Wani labarin da Bette Dam ya ruwaito ya yi jayayya cewa Baradar ya ceci Hamid Karzai, ɗan kabilarsa na Popalzai, daga mummunar haɗari lokacin da wannan ya shiga Afghanistan don gina goyon bayan adawa da Taliban.

An shirya sabuwar Gwamnatin Afghanistan daidai da Yarjejeniyar Bonn ta Disamba 2001; Hamid Karzai ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban wucin gadi kuma daga baya Shugaban Afghanistan. Baradar yanzu ya sami kansa yana yaƙi da sojojin duniya da sabuwar gwamnatin Afghanistan da aka kafa. A cewar masanin tarihi kuma mai sharhi kan ta'addanci Carter Malkasian, shawarar Baradar na sake karbar makamai bayan 2001 na iya samo asali ne daga gazawar Karzai don hada Taliban a cikin 2002 Loya jirga da kuma aiwatar da afuwa wanda zai ba shi da sauran mambobin Taliban damar rayuwa cikin lumana a cikin Afghanistan bayan Taliban.  An kashe wasu kwamandojin Taliban da yawa a cikin shekaru bayan mamayewar farko, gami da abokin hamayyar Baradar Dadullah, wanda aka kashe a Lardin Helmand a 2007. Baradar daga ƙarshe ya tashi ya jagoranci Quetta Shura kuma ya zama shugaban Taliban, yana jagorantar tawaye daga Pakistan. Jami'an diflomasiyyar Yamma sun dauke shi daga cikin wadanda ke cikin Shura wadanda suka fi budewa don hulɗa da gwamnatin Afghanistan, kuma sun fi tsayayya da tasiri daga Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai hikima a matsayin "tsohon shugaban kabilar Pashtun" kuma mai gina yarjejeniya.

Duk da ayyukansa na soja, an ruwaito Baradar ya kasance a bayan yunkurin da aka yi na fara tattaunawar zaman lafiya, musamman a cikin 2004 da 2009,  kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. 

 Kurkuku a Pakistan, 2010-2018 
An kama Baradar ta Pakistan ta Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) a ƙarshen Janairu  ko farkon Fabrairu 2010  a Karachi.   Pakistan kawai ta tabbatar da kamawar mako guda bayan haka kuma Ministan Cikin Gida na Pakistan Rehman Malik ya musanta rahotanni cewa jami'an Amurka sun shiga cikin kamawar. A cewar New York Times da ta bayar da rahoto ba da daɗewa ba bayan kamawar, hukumomin leken asiri na Amurka sun sanar da jami'an yaki da ta'addanci na Pakistan game da taron mayakan da ke da alaƙa da Baradar, amma bayan an kama mutane da yawa ne suka fahimci cewa daya shine Baradar da kansa. A cewar New York Times da ta bayar da rahoton watanni bayan haka, jami'an Pakistan suna da'awar cewa suna kai wa Baradar kansa hari, saboda yana tattauna yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da gwamnatin Afghanistan a asirce ba tare da shigar Pakistan ba, wanda ya daɗe yana goyon bayan Taliban. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa ISI ta bi diddigin wayar salula ta Baradar zuwa wani yanki na Karachi, ta yi kira ga CIA da ta yi amfani da na'urar bin diddigin da ta fi dacewa don neman ainihin wurinsa, sannan Pakistanis suka shiga don kama shi. Jaridar New York Times ta kammala cewa abubuwan da suka faru da kuma dalilan har yanzu ba su da tabbas. Labarin ya kasance a cikin 'yan jaridar Pakistan lokacin da ya fara fashewa, ban da jaridar Dawn, wacce ta buga cikakkun bayanai. Abdul Qayyum Zakir ya zama shugaban soja na Taliban bayan kama Baradar.
Ko da yake wasu manazarta na ganin kamun Baradar wani gagarumin sauyi ne a matsayin Pakistan,  wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa Pakistan ta kama Baradar ne domin ta dakatar da tattaunawarsa da gwamnatin Karzai, domin Pakistan ta samu kujera a teburin. - saboda yarjejeniya tsakanin Taliban da gwamnatin Karzai na iya hana Pakistan tasiri a Afghanistan.  Wani ra'ayi na cewa Janar Ashfaq Parvez Kayani na Pakistan yana amfani da jerin tsare tsare na Taliban don taimakawa wajen tsawaita aikinsa fiye da ranar da aka tsara zai yi ritaya a watan Nuwamba na 2010, ra'ayin cewa hakan zai daga matsayinsa a tsakanin masu tsara manufofin Amurka kuma ta haka ne ya matsa wa gwamnatin Pakistan lamba ta ci gaba da rikewa. shi.  Rahotanni sun ce gwamnatin Afghanistan na tattaunawa da Baradar a asirce kuma an ce kama shi ya harzuka shugaba Hamid Karzai . 

Duk da maimaita da'awar cewa Pakistan za ta isar da Baradar ga Afghanistan idan aka nemi ya yi haka,  kuma cewa ana ci gaba da mikawa shi,  an cire shi daga cikin ƙungiyar fursunonin Taliban tara da Pakistan ta saki a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. Daga bisani suka sake shi a tsakiyar Oktoba 2018.    Wakilin Washington na musamman Zalmay Khalilzad ya ce ya nemi Pakistan ta sake shi, saboda Khalilzad ta yi imanin Baradar zai iya taimakawa a cikin Tsarin zaman lafiya na Afghanistan.

 Jagorancin bayan fitowa 
An nada Baradar mataimakin babban shugaba Taliban kuma shugaban Ofishin siyasa na Taliban a Doha, Qatar, a watan Janairun 2019, kimanin watanni uku bayan da Pakistan ta sake shi. Shi ne mafi girma daga cikin mataimakan uku ga shugaban, sauran biyu sune Sirajuddin Haqqani da Mullah Yaqoob. Kodayake ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin babban shugaba Hibatullah Akhundzada, a cewar The Economist, da The Diplomat, an dauki Baradar a matsayin shugaban Taliban na zahiri.   Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Mike Pompeo ya kira shi "wani dan wasa mai ƙwarewa sosai" a wani taro da Shugaban Afghanistan na lokacin, Ashraf Ghani.

A watan Fabrairun 2020, Baradar ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Doha kan janyewar sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan a madadin Taliban. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Agustan 2021, Baradar ya koma Afghanistan a karo na farko tun faduwar gwamnatin Taliban ta farko a shekara ta 2001.  An yi jita-jita cewa zai zama shugaban Afghanistan bayan da Taliban ta hambarar da gwamnatin Ashraf Ghani a watan Agustan 2021. A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2021, Daraktan CIA William J. Burns ya gudanar da wani taro na sirri tare da Baradar a Kabul don tattauna ranar 31 ga watan Agusta don janyewar sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan.  

A ranar 14 ga Satumba 2021, an ruwaito cewa ba a ga Baradar a bainar jama'a ba har kwana da yawa, kuma akwai jita-jita cewa an ji masa rauni ko an kashe shi a cikin rikici game da iko a sabuwar gwamnatin Afghanistan.  Kashegari an saki hira ta bidiyo tare da Baradar, inda ya musanta jita-jita. A lokacin muhawara ta shugaban Amurka ta 2024, tsohon shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ambaci rawar da Baradar ya taka a tattaunawar da ta haifar da karshen Yaƙi.

 Bayani 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba