Cookie

'kek' (Turanci na Amurka) ko kuki (Turanci na Burtaniya) abinci ne mai ɗanɗano ko kayan zaki wanda yawanci karami ne, mai laushi, kuma mai daɗi. Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshe da gari, sukari, kwai, da wasu nau'ikan mai, kitse, ko man shanu. Yana iya haɗawa da wasu sinadaran kamar ruwan inabi, oats, cakulan, ko kwayoyi.

Yawancin ƙasashen da ke magana da Ingilishi suna kiran kukis "biscuits", ban da Amurka da Kanada, inda "biscuit" ke nufin nau'in burodi mai sauri. Chewier biscuits wani lokacin ana kiransu "cookies," har ma a cikin Commonwealth. Wasu kukis kuma ana iya sanya musu suna ta hanyar siffarsu, kamar murabba'in kwanan wata ko sanduna.

Biscuit ko bambance-bambance na kuki sun haɗa da sandwich biscuits, kamar su custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons, da Oreos, tare da marshmallows ko jam cikawa kuma wani lokacin tsoma cikin cakulan ko wani sutura mai dadi. Sau da yawa ana ba da kukis tare da abin sha kamar madara, kofi, ko shayi kuma wani lokacin ana tsoma shi, hanyar da ke fitar da karin dandano daga kayan abinci ta hanyar narkar da sukari,  yayin da yake taushi da sashi. Ana sayar da kukis da aka yi a masana'antu a cikin shagunan kayan masarufi, shagunan kayan aiki, da injunan siyarwa. Ana sayar da kukis da aka yi da sabo a wuraren yin burodi da Gidajen kofi.

 Kalmomin 
A cikin ƙasashe da yawa masu magana da Ingilishi a waje da Arewacin Amurka, gami da Ƙasar Ingila, kalmar da aka fi sani da ita don kek mai kyau ita ce "biscuit". Ana amfani da kalmar "cookie" don bayyana masu farin ciki. Koyaya, a yankuna da yawa ana amfani da kalmomin biyu. Ana iya kiran akwati da aka yi amfani da shi don adana kukis a matsayin kwalban kukis.

A Scotland, ana amfani da kalmar "cookie" a wasu lokuta don bayyana burodi mai sauƙi.

Kukis da aka dafa a matsayin wani nau'i mai ƙarfi a kan takardar takarda sannan a yanke su, maimakon a dafa su a matsayin guda ɗaya, ana kiransu kukis na mashaya a cikin Turanci na Amurka ko traybakes a cikin Turanci na Burtaniya.

 Magana 
The word cookie dates from at least 1701 in Scottish usage where the word meant "plain bun", rather than thin baked good, and so it is not certain whether it is the same word. From 1808, the word "cookie" is attested "...in the sense of "small, flat, sweet cake" in American English. The American use is derived from Dutch  "little cake",  which is a diminutive of "" ("cake"), which came from the Middle Dutch word "" with an informal, dialect variant . According to the Scottish National Dictionary, its Scottish name may derive from the diminutive form (+ suffix -ie) of the word cook, giving the Middle Scots cookie, cooky or cu(c)kie. There was much trade and cultural contact across the North Sea between the Low Countries and Scotland during the Middle Ages, which can also be seen in the history of curling and, perhaps, golf.[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span>]

 Bayyanawa 
Ana yin kukis har sai ya yi tsami ko kuma na tsawon lokaci don tabbatar da ciki mai laushi. Sauran nau'ikan kukis ba a yin burodi ba, kamar nau'ikan kwai na man shanu waɗanda ke amfani da cakulan da aka yi amfani da su maimakon saita ƙwai da gluten na alkama a matsayin mai ɗaurewa. Ana samar da kukis a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, ta amfani da sinadaran da suka hada da sukari, kayan yaji, cakulan, man shanu, kwayoyi, ko busassun 'ya'yan itace.

Za'a iya tsara ka'idar kukis gaba ɗaya kamar haka. Duk da saukowarsa daga kek da sauran gurasa masu zaki, kuki a kusan dukkanin siffofinsa ya watsar da ruwa a matsayin matsakaici don haɗin kai. Ruwa a cikin kek yana aiki don yin mai laushi kamar yadda zai yiwu, mafi kyau don ba da damar kumfa - wanda ke da alhakin kwaskwarima - don samarwa. A cikin kuki wakili na haɗin kai ya zama wani nau'in mai. Mai, ko a cikin nau'in man shanu, mai na kayan lambu, ko man shanu, sun fi ruwa ruwa da yawa kuma suna narkewa kyauta a yanayin zafi mafi girma. Don haka kek da aka yi da man shanu ko ƙwai a maimakon ruwa ya fi yawa bayan an cire shi daga tanda.  [<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span>]

Maimakon narkewa kamar yadda ruwa ke yi a cikin kek, mai a cikin kukis ya kasance. Wadannan mai suna cika ramukan da aka kirkira yayin yin burodi ta hanyar kumfa na iskar gas. Wadannan iskar gas sun hada da tururi da aka fitar daga fararen kwai da carbon dioxide da aka saki ta hanyar dumama foda. Wannan saturating yana samar da mafi kyawun fasalin kuki, kuma hakika duk abincin da aka dafa: crispness cike da danshi (watau mai) wanda ba ya sa abincin da ya tsoma a ciki.  [<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span>]

 Tarihi 
Kamar kuki-kamar wafers sun wanzu muddin an rubuta burodi, a wani bangare saboda sun tsira da tafiya sosai, amma yawanci ba su da ɗanɗano don a dauke su da kukis ta ƙa'idodin zamani.

Kukis sun bayyana sun samo asali ne a karni na 7 AD Farisa, jim kadan bayan amfani da sukari ya zama ruwan dare a yankin. Sun bazu zuwa Turai ta hanyar mamayar musulmi a Spain. A karni na 14, sun zama ruwan dare a duk matakan al'umma a duk faɗin Turai, daga abinci na sarauta zuwa masu sayar da titi. Misali na farko da aka rubuta game da mutumin gingerbread mai siffar adadi ya kasance a kotun Elizabeth I ta Ingila a karni na 16. Tana da siffofin gurasar ginger da aka yi kuma aka gabatar da su a cikin kamannin wasu daga cikin manyan baƙi.

Tare da tafiye-tafiye na duniya da ya zama gama gari a wannan lokacin, kukis ya zama abokin tafiye-tarayye na halitta, daidaitaccen zamani na kekunan tafiye-tallace da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tarihi. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kukis na farko, wanda ya yi tafiya sosai kuma ya zama sananne a kowace nahiya da irin waɗannan sunaye, shine jumble, kukis mai wuya da aka yi da yawa daga kwayoyi, mai zaki, da ruwa.
Manazarta
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