Sanusi Hardjadinata

Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata (an haife shi a matsayin Samaun; 24 ga watan Yuni 1914 - 12 Disamba 1995) ɗan siyasan Indonesia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia (PDI) daga 1975 har zuwa 1980. Kafin ya zama shugaban jam'iyya, ya rike mukamai da yawa a lokacin shugabancin Sukarno da Suharto, gami da a matsayin gwamnan West Java, memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, da ministan ministoci a cikin majalisar Djuanda da Ampera.

An haifi Sanusi ne a cikin dangi mai arziki a Garut, Dutch East Indies (yanzu Indonesia). Ya yi karatu a makarantar Dutch, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami bayan kammala karatunsa. Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin Indonesiya, an nada shi mataimakin mazaunin Priangan. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1948, hukumomin Holland sun kama shi kuma sun tsare shi saboda adawa da kirkirar Jihar Pasundan da ke goyon bayan Holland. An sake shi a watan Yulin 1948, kuma ya tafi Yogyakarta kuma daga baya Madiun. A can, ya taimaka wajen sake gina birnin bayan da aka gaza tashin hankali na kwaminisanci wanda ya faru 'yan watanni da suka gabata. A shekara ta 1949, an nada shi a matsayin wakilin mazaunin Priangan, kuma a lokacin sauyawa daga jihar tarayya zuwa ta hadin kai, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ilimi na jihar Pasundan. A shekara ta 1951, an nada Sanusi a matsayin gwamnan Yammacin Java, kodayake majalisa ta lardin ta kalubalanci nadin sa da farko. A matsayinsa na gwamna, ya taimaka wajen shirya Taron Bandung kuma ya kafa Jami'ar Padjadjaran a shekarar 1957.

A shekara ta 1955, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, kuma ya shiga cikin muhawara ta tsarin mulki har zuwa rushewar majalisar a shekara ta 1959. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1957, Firayim Minista Djuanda Kartawidjaja ya nada shi Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida. Bayan Dokar Shugaba Sukarno ta 1959, an sallami Sanusi a matsayin minista, kuma an nada shi jakadan Indonesia a Masar a maimakon haka. Ya koma Indonesia a shekarar 1964, kuma an nada shi shugaban Jami'ar Padjadjaran . Bayan sauyawa zuwa Sabon Tsarin, an nada Sanusi a matsayin ministan ministoci a cikin Ampera da kuma Revised Ampera ministocin karkashin shugaban kasar Suharto. A shekara ta 1975, an nada shi Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia, inda ya maye gurbin Mohammad Isnaeni . A karkashin jagorancinsa, jam'iyyar ta sha wahala daga rikice-rikicen cikin gida da yawa, kuma ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a shekarar 1980. Bayan ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar, sai ya shiga cikin Petition of Fifty . Sanusi ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1995, bayan ya sha wahala daga rikitarwa a cikin huhu, koda, da hanta. An binne jikinsa a Kabari na Sirnaraga a Bandung .

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata, da farko an ba shi sunan Samaun,  an haife shi a ƙauyen Cinta Manik, Garut, a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1914.  An haife shi ne a cikin iyali mai arziki na priyayi, kuma shi ne na uku cikin yara huɗu.   Mahaifinsa, Raden Djamhad Wirantadidjaja, shugaban ƙauyen ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Nyi Mas Taswi, mace ce mai daraja. Lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, an kawo shi Cibatu, wani karamin gari da ke arewacin Garut. A can, Samaun ya zauna tare da Raden Yuda, likita kuma dangi na mahaifinsa. Daga nan aka shigar da shi cikin makarantar Tweede Klasse Inlandsche, makarantar firamare wacce ta yi amfani da yaren gida a matsayin yaren koyarwa. A lokacin da Mako Cibatu, an canza sunansa daga Samaun zuwa Sanusi, kamar yadda Yuda ya ce, ya yi kama da sunan Semaun, shugaban farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia.

Daga baya, Sanusi ya koma Tasikmalaya, inda ya zauna tare da Bik Endeh, 'yar Yuda. Koyaya, saboda cin zarafin da ya samu daga Bik Endeh ya koma gidan da ke kusa da Bik Mariah. Yayinda yake Tasikmalaya, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a wata makarantar Tweede Klasse. Koyaya, bai iya kammala karatunsa ba, yayin da ya koma Cibatu bayan kammala aji na farko kawai. Komawa a Cibatu, babban ɗan'uwansa, Idris Hardjadinata ne ya tashe shi, kuma ya shiga Makarantar Hollandsch-Inlandsche (HIS). A makarantar, ya zama sananne da Sanusi Hardjadinata, yayin da yawancin ɗalibai a makarantar suka yi kuskuren gane Idris a matsayin mahaifinsa. Bayan shekaru biyu a Cibatu, Sanusi ya koma Bandung. A can, ya shiga makarantar Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool (HIK), ya kammala a 1936.  Daga can, ya zama malami, kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar Muhammadiyah a Jakarta. A matsayinsa na malami, Sanusi ya yi kusan gulden 25 a wata. Bayan shekara guda na koyarwa a makarantar, wani aboki ya ba shi matsayin koyarwa a wata makaranta a Muara Dua, Palembang . Ya yarda da tayin, kuma ya koma Muara Dua. Yayinda aka ninka albashinsa zuwa gulden 50 a wata, Sanusi kawai ya koyar a makaranta na watanni 6, yayin da yanayin jikinsa ya kara muni. Daga baya ya tafi Baturaja, a cikin abin da ke yau Ogan Komering Ulu Regency . Koyaya, Sanusi bai zauna na dogon lokaci ba yayin da ya koma Bandung, tare da maye gurbin aikin koyarwarsa da babban janar na gaba Abdul Haris Nasution .
Manazarta
Rukuni:Matattun 1995