Man fetur

man fetur na burbushin burbushin halittu ne mai cin wuta- ko kayan da ke dauke da hydrocarbon  wanda aka kafa ta halitta a cikin ɓawon burodi na halittu na prehistoric (dabbobi, tsire-tsire ko microplanktons), tsari wanda ke faruwa a cikin Tsarin yanayin ƙasa. Ana iya cire tankuna na irin wannan mahaɗin, kamar kwal, man fetur da iskar gas, kuma a ƙone su azaman man fetur don amfani da mutum don samar da makamashi don amfani kai tsaye (kamar dafa abinci, dumama ko haskakawa), don injin zafi (kamar tururi ko injin konewa na ciki) wanda zai iya motsa motoci, ko don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar janareto turbine. Wasu burbushin burbushin suna kara inganta su a cikin abubuwan da aka samo asali kamar su kerosene, man fetur da dizal, ko kuma an canza su zuwa sinadarin man fetur kamar polyolefins (plastics), aromatics da resins na roba.

Asalin burbushin burbushin halittu shine lalacewar anaerobic na kwayoyin da aka binne. Juyawa daga waɗannan kayan kwayoyin zuwa man fetur mai cike da carbon yawanci sakamakon tsarin ilimin ƙasa ne na miliyoyin shekaru. Saboda tsawon lokacin da yake ɗauka don su samar, ana ɗaukar burbushin burbushin da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba.

A cikin , kashi 77% na amfani da makamashi na farko a duniya  kuma sama da kashi 60% na samar da wutar lantarki sun fito ne daga man fetur.  Babban konewar burbushin burbushin halittu yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar muhalli. Fiye da kashi 70% na hayakin gas saboda aikin ɗan adam a cikin 2022 shine carbon dioxide (CO2) wanda aka saki daga ƙone burbushin burbushin. Hanyoyin sake zagayowar carbon na halitta a Duniya, galibi shawo kan teku, na iya cire karamin ɓangare na wannan, kuma asarar ciyayi na ƙasa saboda lalacewar gandun daji, lalacewar ƙasa da hamada sun kara wannan rashi. Sabili da haka, akwai karuwar biliyan biliyan da yawa na CO2 na yanayi a kowace shekara. Kodayake ɓarkewar methane tana da mahimmanci, : 52 ƙonewar burbushin burbushin shine babban tushen fitar da iskar gas wanda ke haifar da dumama duniya da ƙarancin teku. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin mutuwar gurɓataccen iska saboda burbushin man fitar da iskar gas mai guba, kuma an kiyasta cewa wannan yana biyan sama da 3% na babban samfurin cikin gida na duniya  kuma cewa burbushin mai zai ceci miliyoyin rayuka a kowace shekara.  

 Asalin 
Ka'idar cewa burbushin burbushin halittu sun samo asali ne daga burbushin shuke-shuke ta hanyar fuskantar zafi da matsin lamba a cikin ɓawon burbushin duniya a cikin miliyoyin shekaru Andreas Libavius ne ya fara gabatar da shi "a cikin Alchemia [Alchymia] na 1597" kuma daga baya Mikhail Lomonosov "tun farkon 1757 kuma tabbas a shekara ta 1763". Amfani na farko da aka rubuta na kalmar "man fetur" ya faru ne a cikin aikin likitan Jamus Caspar Neumann, a cikin fassarar Turanci a cikin 1759. The Oxford English Dictionary ya lura cewa, a cikin kalmar "fossil fuel," adjective "fossal" yana nufin "[o]an samu ta hanyar tonowa; an binne shi a cikin ƙasa", wanda ya kasance aƙalla 1652,  kafin sunan Ingilishi "fossel" ya zo ya fara nufin kwayoyin da suka mutu a farkon karni na 18.

 Manazarta 
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