Marguerite Barankitse

Marguerite "Maggie" Barankitse ( an haife ta a shekara ta 1957 a Ruyigi, lardin Ruyigi,  a kasar  Burundi ) 'yar gwagwarmayar ce, ta kasar Burundi ne da ke aiki don inganta jin dadin yara da kuma kalubalantar wariyar launin fata a Burundi . Bayan ceto yara 25 daga kisan kiyashi, an tilasta mata ta ga rigingimu tsakanin Hutu da Tutsi a kasarta a shekarar 1993. Ta kafa Maison Shalom, wani matsuguni da ke ba da damar kula da lafiya, ilimi, da al'adu ga yara marayu sama da 20,000.  Domin ta yi zanga-zangar adawa da wa'adi na uku ga shugaba Pierre Nkurunziza, tana gudun hijira .

A cikin shekaru 26 da ta tana  aiki a Burundi, Maison Shalom ya girma zuwa babbar hanyar sadarwa ta makarantu, asibitoci, da sabis na kiwon lafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar. Manufarta ita ce inganta rayuwar yaran kasar  Burundi, ta hanyar hada kai da ci gaba mai dorewa tare da babban burin samar da zaman lafiya mai dorewa a kasar. Sai dai kuma a shekarar 2015 aka tilastawa Barankitse tserewa daga kasarta, kuma Maison Shalom ya fada cikin rikicin siyasa.  Nisa daga mika kai, Barankitse ta mayar da hankalinta kuma ta yanke shawarar sadaukar da dukkan karfinta don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar Burundi fiye da 90,000 a Ruwanda .  A cikin 2017, ta buɗe Cibiyar Al'umma ta Oasis of Peace a Kigali don taimakawa 'yan makaranta, ba da tallafi na tunani da zamantakewa ga azabtarwa da fyade, da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba mai dorewa a fannoni kamar kiwon lafiya, ilimi, horar da sana'a, al'adu, da samun kudin shiga.  Ta bayyana cewa hangen nesanta ita ce ta sanya mutunci a cikin 'yan gudun hijira don ci gaba da burinsu: "Mugunta ba ta da kalma ta ƙarshe - Ƙauna kullum tana cin nasara."

Barabkitse ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Juan Maria Bandres don 'Yancin Mafaka, da Kyautar Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Gwamnatin Faransa (duka 1998), Kyautar Yara ta Duniya (2003),  Kyautar 'Yanci huɗu (Yanci Daga So), Kyautar Muryar Jajircewa na Hukumar Mata da 'Yan Gudun Hijira 40 (  Kyautar (2005), Kyautar Opus (2008),  Kyautar UNESCO (duka 2008), Kyautar Rigakafin Rikici (2011), da Kyautar Aurora don Farkawa Bil Adama (2016).

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Marguerite "Maggie" Barankitse a shekara ta 1957 a Ruyigi, Gabas-Burundi, daya daga cikin yankuna mafi talauci na kasar. A cikin al'adun Tutsi, ta kasance malama a makarantar sakandare ta yankin amma an kore ta saboda zanga-zangar da ta yi na nuna wariya tsakanin Hutu da Tutsi a fagen. Sai ta tafi aiki a matsayin sakatare na bishop na Katolika a Ruyigi.  Duk da tashe-tashen hankula da ake ta fama da su, Barankitse ta yi mafarkin samun jituwar kabilanci ta hanyar daukar yara bakwai: Hutu hudu da Tutsi uku. Yayin da rikici ya barke tsakanin kabilun biyu bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa zababben shugaban kasar Burundi na farko ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, wata kungiyar Tutsi da ke dauke da makamai ta kai wa Ruyigi hari a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1993, don kashe 'yan kabilar Hutu da ke boye a gidan Bishop din. Barankitse ya yi nasarar boye yawancin yaran amma mayakan sun kama su. Sun yi mata dukan tsiya da wulakanci, suka tilasta mata kallon kisan ’yan Hutu 72, amma ta ki gaya musu inda aka boye yaran.  A ƙarshe, an kare ta ne kawai saboda al'adun Tutsi. Bayan bala'in ne Barankitse ta tattara 'ya'yanta da ta yi reno da marayun da suka tsira ta boye su a wata makaranta da ke kusa. Yayin da yara ke neman matsuguni da ita, ta yanke shawarar kafa wata karamar kungiya mai zaman kanta : Maison Shalom, House of Peace. Gidanta yana buɗewa ga yara daga kowane ƙabila: Tutsi, Hutu, da Twa . Ta kira su "Ya'yana Hutsitwa",  kuma suna kiranta Oma  (ko "kaka" a Jamusanci). A cikin shekaru da suka biyo baya, Maison Shalom a Ruyigi yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wurare a Burundi inda Hutus da Tutsis suka zauna cikin jituwa. 

Tun daga abubuwan da suka faru na 1993, yara da matasa sama da 20,000 sun amfana daga Maison Shalom. Kafin rikicin na Burundi a halin yanzu, kungiyar ta dauki sama da mutane 270 aiki, da suka hada da ma'aikatan jinya, masana ilimin halayyar dan adam, da malamai wadanda suka aiwatar da ayyuka na musamman ga yaran.

A watan Afrilun 2016, Barankitse ya yi magana game da wa'adi na uku na Shugaba Pierre Nkurunziza kuma ya shiga zanga-zangar matasa na yin tir da shi. A sakamakon haka, an tilasta mata ta ɓoye tsawon wata guda a ofishin jakadanci a Bujumbura .  Daga ƙarshe, sai ta gudu; gwamnati na da sunanta a jerin wadanda suka mutu.  Barankitse ta sami kanta 'yar gudun hijira.

 Maison Shalom in Burundi 
A cikin kaka na 1993, bayan kisan Melchior Ndadaye, zababben shugaban kasar Burundi na farko (dan Hutu), yakin basasar Burundi ya fara da kisan kiyashi a duk fadin kasar. A lardin Ruyigi, bala'i ya afku a ranar 24 ga Oktoba. Domin daukar fansa kan kisan da aka yi wa ‘yan kabilarsu, Tutsi na farautar ‘yan kabilar Hutu na garin, wadanda ke boye a gine-ginen cocin. Barankitse, ’yar Tutsi, ita ma tana can, kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi shawara da ƙungiyar Tutsi don kada su yi tashin hankali. Duk da haka, ƙoƙarinta ya ci tura: Sun yanke shawarar ɗaure ta a kan kujera kuma suka tilasta mata kallon yadda aka kashe abokanta 72.  Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan bayan kisan kiyashin, yaran wadanda aka kashe sun fara fitowa daga maboyarsu. A ranar, Barankitse ta ce, ta fahimci cewa aikinta zai kasance yaki da tashe-tashen hankula da ke addabar kasarta ta hanyar ba wa wadannan yaran, da kuma 20,000 da za su biyo baya, madadin kiyayya.  A cikin bala'in da ke faruwa, labari ya bazu cikin sauri game da "mahaukaciyar mace ta Ruyigi" wacce ta kuskura ta dauki duk marayun da suka zo wurinta, ba ta hana kowa ba. Twa, Hutu, Tutsi: Barankitse bai bambanta ba.

Barankitse ya fara tattara yara marayu 25 na kisan kiyashin Ruyigi. Tare da taimakon kawaye na Turai da Burundi, ta shirya wata hanyar sadarwa da ke ba da kulawa ga yawan yara. Christel Martin, La Haine n'aura pas le dernier mot : Maggy, la femme aux 10 000 enfants, Paris, Albin Michel, October 2005, 47-48-90-102 p. () A cikin watan Mayu 1994, bishop na Roman Katolika na Ruyigi, Bishop Joseph Nduhirubusa  ya amince da canza tsohuwar makaranta zuwa wurin ajiyar yara da ake kira 'Maison Shalom'. Yaran sun sanya wa suna, don tunawa da wata waka da aka ji a gidan rediyo a lokacin, kuma saboda kalmar "zaman lafiya" a Kirundi ta kasance cikin kayan aiki da ƙazantar da su daga maharan daga bangarorin biyu na rikicin. 

Maison Shalom ya fi mayar da hankali kan yara, ciki har da yara soja, marayu, yara da aka yanke, da kuma yara kanana a kurkuku. Duk da haka, ayyukansa sun kasance ga al'umma baki daya, yana da tasiri ba kawai ga rayuwar marayu ba, har ma da duk yankin da zai iya samun damar yin amfani da shi. Ba da jimawa ba ayyukan Maison Shalom ya fadada zuwa wasu garuruwa kamar Butezi da Gizuru, inda Barankitse ya bude wasu matsugunan yara.

A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, abin da kawai mafaka ne na neman kare marayu daga bangarorin biyu bayan yakin basasa, ya girma ya zama ƙauye gaba ɗaya,  kuma ya haɗa da banki, gidan cin abinci, Asibitin REMA,  otal,  kantin sayar da kayayyaki, cibiyar sarrafa kayan aiki don koyon dinki da lissafi, makarantar horar da kanikanci, wurin shakatawa, har ma da gidan sinima. 
Yawancin ayyukan sun kasance tsare-tsare na samar da kudaden shiga da matasan da kansu suka gudanar, kamar gidan bako, sinima, wurin bitar mota, da makamantansu. Lokacin da suka sami 'yancin kai, matasan da Maison Shalom ya tallafa musu sun sami ƙaramin gida da fili.

A shekara ta 2004 kimanin yara 20,000 ne suka amfana da taimakon Barankitse, kai tsaye ko a fakaice.  

A shekarar 2015, an gina sama da gidaje 300 na yara da matasa masu shekaru tsakanin 4 zuwa 20. Kungiyar mai zaman kanta ta kuma taimaka wa ‘yan gudun hijira na cikin gida da kuma ‘yan gudun hijirar Burundi da suka dawo don komawa Ruyigi tare da gano ‘yan uwansu da suka bace. Barankitse ya kasance a sahun gaba wajen yaki da cutar kanjamau, inda ya kafa ayyukan ba da shawara don inganta rigakafin cutar kanjamau. Ita da ma’aikatanta sun kula da yara sama da 100 da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau da aka yi watsi da su ko kuma an yi marayu.

Barankitse ya kuma fara wani shiri na taimaka wa matasan da ke daure. An haifi wasu yaran a gidan yari, kuma ta yi aikin nemo musu rayuwa mai inganci, ta hanyar ilimi da gida a wajen gidan yari. Tawagar ta ta ci gaba da inganta harkar noma tare da kafa aikin samar da kudi don baiwa iyaye damar bunkasa kananan sana’o’i. 

A cikin 2015, duk da haka, duk abin da ya fadi . Gwamnatin Burundi ta fara murkushe zanga-zangar adawa da shugaba Nkurunziza. Dubban 'yan Burundi sun fara gudu zuwa Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania ko DRC. Barankitse ya yi zanga-zangar, ya kula da matasan da suka jikkata, ya kuma ciyar da wadanda ke kurkuku. Amma a watan Yunin 2015, Barankitse da kanta aka tilastawa guduwa. A Burundi, akwai farashi a kanta. 

 Maison Shalom Rwanda da Cibiyar Al'umma Oasis of Peace 
Barankitse ta ki yin zamanta a Turai cikin kwanciyar hankali, kuma ta yanke shawarar sadaukar da karfinta don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar Burundi fiye da 90,000 a Ruwanda.  Ta fara da gwaninta: ilimi. Ta yi gwagwarmayar neman ilimi ga yara da daliban jami'a a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira.  Ta sanya yara 126 a makarantun gaba da sakandare, 160 a makarantar sakandare, kuma ta sami guraben karatu na 353 ga ɗaliban 'yan gudun hijira na matakin jami'a don shiga jami'o'in Rwanda, da guraben karatu 10 ga mafi kyawun ɗalibai don yin karatu a jami'o'i a ƙasashen waje.

A watan Mayun 2017, Barankitse ya buɗe Cibiyar Aminci ta Community Center Oasis of Peace ga yaran makaranta, yana ba da tallafi na tunani da zamantakewa ga waɗanda aka azabtar da su da fyade, da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba mai dorewa a fannoni kamar kiwon lafiya, ilimi, horar da sana'o'i, al'adu, da samar da kuɗin shiga.  Cibiyar tana ba da darussa iri-iri da suka haɗa da cikin harshen Ingilishi, fasahar dafa abinci, ɗinki, ɗinki, da zane. Har ila yau, yana da gidan cin abinci kuma yana da kayan aiki ta hanyar yanar gizo tare da kwamfutoci masu haɗin Intanet don bincike da horar da kwamfuta. Kimanin mutane 200 ne ke zuwa Cibiyar a kowace rana kuma suna amfana da ayyuka daban-daban da Maison Shalom ke bayarwa. 

Maison Shalom ya nemi taimakon ‘yan gudun hijira musamman ma matasa da ke gudun hijira domin su rayu cikin mutunci, don amfani da lokacin gudun hijira wajen karfafawa da kuma gafartawa wadanda suka tilasta musu barin kasarsu ta asali. 
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 Mahama Elite Center a Mahama Refugee Camp 
Tun daga shekarar 2015, sama da 'yan Burundi 430,000 ne aka tilastawa yin hijira tare da neman mafaka a kasashe makwabta kamar Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda.  A cikin su, fiye da 90,000 suna Rwanda, wanda 58,000 ke zaune a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Mahama .  Ana ɗaukar wannan sansanin a matsayin misali na kula da 'yan gudun hijira a yankin Gabashin Afirka. 

Don tallafawa 'yan gudun hijirar da ke zaune a wurin,  Maison Shalom ya bude Cibiyar Mahama Elite a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2018.  Wannan cibiyar horarwa ta shirya don ba da horon sana'a da aikin yi ga 'yan gudun hijirar Burundi a sansanin. Aikin zai baiwa matasa damar inganta rayuwarsu amma kuma za su karfafa sana’o’insu. 

 Kyaututtuka da karramawa 
Iyakar abin da ta yi, da kuma yadda ta kare dukkan yara ba tare da la'akari da asalinsu ba, Tutsi ko Hutu, ya kawo yabo ga Maggy daga ko'ina cikin duniya: 

 1998 : Kyautar 'yancin ɗan adam, wanda gwamnatin Faransa ta ba shi. – Liberté – Egalité – Fraternité
 2000 : Kyautar Arewa-Kudu daga Majalisar Turai
 2000 : kofin jarumta da kungiyar Africa International na wata-wata ke bayarwa. 
 2003 : Kyautar Yara ta Duniya don Haƙƙin Yara
 2004 : Kyautar Muryar Jajircewa ta Hukumar Mata da Yara 'Yan Gudun Hijira 
 2004 : lambar yabo ta Nansen 'yan gudun hijira
 2008 : Kyautar Opus  
 2008 : Kyautar UNESCO
 A cikin watan Yunin 2009, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa na Luxembourg, Babban Mashawarcin UNICEF ga Yara, ya ziyarci Maison Shalom a ziyarar da ya kai Burundi.  A cikin Oktoba 2011, Grand Duchess ya yi maraba da Marguerite Barankitse zuwa Luxembourg don buɗe nunin hoto don tallafawa Maison Shalom. 
 A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2011, Barankitse  ya sami lambar yabo ta rigakafin rikice-rikice daga hannun Kofi Annan.  An ba da lambar yabo ta Rigakafin Rikici kowace shekara ta Fondation Chirac, wanda tsohon shugaban Faransa Jacques Chirac ya ƙaddamar a cikin 2008 .
 A cikin 2011 Barankitse ya sami kyautar ɗan jarida Golden Doves for Peace wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Italiya Archivio Disarmo ta bayar. 
 A ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2016, Marguerite ya sami kyautar $ 1.1 miliyan Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity, lambar yabo da aka ba wa masu ba da agaji don tunawa da kisan kare dangi na Armenia .  

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957
Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba