José Cadalso

José de Cadalso y Vázquez ( Cádiz, 1741 - Gibraltar, 1782), Mutanen Espanya, Kanar na Royal Spanish Army, marubuci, mawaƙi, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mawallafi, daya daga cikin canonical m na Mutanen Espanya wallafe-wallafe .

Kafin ya cika shekara ta ashirin, Cadalso ya yi tafiya ta Italiya, Jamus, Ingila, Faransa da Portugal, kuma ya karanta tarihi da adabi na waɗannan ƙasashe. Da ya koma Spain ya shiga aikin soja kuma ya kai matsayin Kanal. 

Cadalso shi ne ma'auni na manufar Haskakawa na "hombre de bien", ɗan ƙasa mai ilimi kuma mai cikakken tsari wanda za a iya amfani da buƙatun da yawa don inganta al'umma. Ya kasance babban jigo a fagen adabi na Spain na ƙarni na goma sha takwas, musamman a tertulia da ake yi a Fonda de San Sebastián. Ya rinjayi yawancin mawallafin Mutanen Espanya, ba kalla ba a cikin su wani matashi da basira Juan Meléndez Valdés .

Ayyukansa na farko da aka buga shine ayar bala'i, Don Sancho García, Conde de Castilla (1771). A cikin 1772, ya buga littafinsa na Los Eruditos a la Violeta, wani ɗan kasuwa mai cin nasara na cin nasara akan sha'awar ilimin zahiri da bayyanar ilimi. A cikin 1773 ya bayyana ƙarar wakoki iri-iri, Ocios de mi juventud .  

An fi sanin Cadalso don Cartas marruecas, wani littafi mai ban mamaki wanda "Correo de Madrid" ya buga bayan mutuwarsa a cikin 1789 kuma a matsayin littafi a 1793. An kwatanta Cartas marruecas sau da yawa da Montesquieu 's, (1689-1755), nasu Lettres Persanes, ( Haruffa na Farisa, 1721), ko da yake a gaskiya duka ayyukan biyu suna wakiltar sha'awar lokacin tare da labari na epistolary. Cartas Marruecas da Noches lúgubres galibi ana ɗaukarsa mafi kyawun ayyukansa, kodayake suna da salo da salo daban-daban.

Ganin cewa Cartas marruecas jarrabawa ce mai ma'ana, duban ra'ayi na al'ummar Mutanen Espanya ta hanyar idanun matashin Moroccan, Noches lúgubres ("Lugubrious Nights"), wani ɗan gajeren aikin bincike ne wanda ya danganci sha'awar mai yin jima'i don ɓata masoyinsa da ya mutu, kuma ya kasance. An buga daga 1789 zuwa 1790 a cikin mujallar El correo de Madrid . Aikin daga baya ya sami wahayi ta hanyar mutuwar abokinsa na kud da kud, yana riƙe da jikin ta da ke mutuwa, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo María Ignacia Ibáñez, (1745 - Afrilu 1771, mai shekaru 26).

Wannan aikin, tare da adadin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙar Cadalso da yawa, ana la'akari da shi a matsayin farkon Romanticism a Spain, idan ba cikakken Romantic a cikin nasu dama ba. Buga ayyukansa ya bayyana a Madrid, a cikin 3 vols. , 1823. An ƙara wannan ta Obras inéditas (Paris, 1894) wanda R. Foulch-Delbosc ya buga. 

An kashe Cadalso a Babban Siege na Gibraltar, a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 1782, kwanaki 15 kacal bayan an ƙara masa girma zuwa Kanar. Yana da kabari a cikin Saint Mary the Crown Church a San Roque . 

 Manazarta 


 O. N. V. Glendinning. Vida y obra de Cadalso". Madrid. Ed. Gredos, (1962), 239 pages.
 Sebold, R.P. . Colonel Don José Cadalso . New York, Twayne Publ. (1971), 187 pages.
 Sebold,  Russell  P.  Cadalso: El primer romantico "europeo" de Espana.  Madrid: Ed.  Gredos, (1974), 294 pages.