Waterford

Waterford, wani birni ne a cikin gundumar Waterford a kudu maso gabashin kasar Ireland . Tana cikin lardin Munster . Birnin yana kan saman tashar jiragen ruwa na waterford . Ita ce birnin da rafi dadewa  kuma birni na biyar mafi yawan jama'a a Jamhuriyar Ireland. Ita ce na tara mafi yawan jama'a'a a tsibirin Ireland. Dangane da ƙididdigar shekara ta 2022, mutane 60,079 ne ke zaune a cikin birni,  tare da yawan jama'a na 82,963.

A tarihance shafin yanar gizon Viking, ganuwar tsaron zamanin daa ta Waterford da garu, sun haɗa da Hasumiyar Reginald ta ƙarni na 13 ko 14. An kai hari kan birnin na zamanin daa sau da yawa, kuma ya sami taken Urbs Intacta Manet ('Gari: gagara kwatuwa'), bayan tukude harin kewaye da aka kawo mata a karni na 15. Waterford sananne ne ga tsohuwar masana'antar gilashi, gami da masana'antar Waterford Crystal, tare da gilashin ado da ake kerawa a cikin birni daga shekara ta 1783 har zuwa farkon 2009 lokacin da aka rufe masana'antar bayan Waterford Wedgwood plc ta karbe. An buɗe cibiyar baƙi ta Waterford Crystal, a cikin Viking Quarter na birnin, a cikin 2010 kuma ta ci gaba da samar da gilashe a ƙarƙashin sabon mallaka. II zuwa karni na 21, Waterford ita ce Garin karamar hukumar gundumar Waterford kuma hukumomin karamar hukuma sune Waterford City da County Council. 

 Tarihi 

Sunan 'Waterford' ya samo asali ne daga  daga Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr 'ram (wether) fjord'. Sunan Irish din shine Port Láirge, ma'ana " tashar jiragen ruwa ta Larag".Discover Waterford, by Eamon McEneaney (2001). 

Maharan Viking sun fara kafa wani matsuguni kusa da Waterford a cikin 853. Ita da duk sauran sansanin jirage an bar su c.902, 'yan asalin Irish sun kori Vikings. Vikings sun sake kafa kansu a Ireland a Waterford a cikin 914, wanda Ottir Iarla (Jarl Ottar) ya jagoranta a farko har zuwa 917, sannan kuma ta Ragnall ua Ímair da daular Uí Ímair, kuma sun gina abin da zai zama birni na farko na Ireland. Daga cikin fitattun sarakunan Waterford akwai Ivar na Waterford.

A cikin 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada, Sarkin Leinster da aka tsige, ya sha kasa a ƙoƙarinsa na karbar Waterford. Ya sake dawowa a cikin 1170 tare da 'sojojin haya na Cambro-Norman a ƙarƙashin Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (wanda aka sani da Karfinbaka); a tare sun kewaye kuma sun karɓi birnin bayan matsananciyar tsaron gaggawa. A cii gaba da maamayar Ireland da Norman yayi, Sarki Henry na biyu na Ingila ya sauka a Waterford a cikin 1171. An ayyana Waterford da Dublin a matsayin biranen sarauta, tare da kuma ayyana Dublin a matsayin babban birnin Ireland.

Hasumiyar Reginald, wacce aka gina bayan mamayewar Anglo-Norman na Ireland akan wurin da aka kafa katangar farko da kuma riƙo da sunanta na Viking, ta na ɗaya daga cikin ta farko a Ireland da aka yi amfani da turmi wajen gininta.

Har karshen tsakar zamanai, Waterford ita ce birni na biyu na Ireland bayan Dublin. A cikin karni na 15, Waterford ya tunkude kewayen masu neman sarauta biyu na Ingila: Lambert Simnel da Perkin Warbeck . A sakamakon haka, Sarki Henry VII ya bawa birnin taken : Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia ("Waterford ya kasance birni da ba a taɓa shi ba").

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