Tururuwa

Tururuwa, Wasu kwari ne masu zaman kansu na iyali Formicidae kuma, tare da ƙudan zuma masu alaƙa, suna cikin odar Hymenoptera. Tururuwa sun samo asali ne daga magabatan wasp na vespoid a cikin lokacin Cretaceous.Tururuwa sun samo asali ne daga magabatan wasp na vespoid a cikin lokacin Cretaceous. Fiye da 13,800 na jimlar 22,000 na nau'ikan an rarraba su.Ana iya gane su cikin sauƙi ta hanyar antennae (eriya) ɗin su na geniculate (gwiwoyi) da keɓantaccen tsari mai kama da kumburi wanda ke samar da siririn kugu.

Tururuwa suna samar da mallaka masu girma daga mutane goma sha biyu galibi suna zama a cikin ƙananan ramukan halitta zuwa ƙauyuka masu tsari waɗanda za su iya mamaye manyan yankuna masu girman gida wanda ya ƙunshi miliyoyin mutane ko zuwa ɗaruruwan miliyoyi a cikin manyan yankuna.Mallaka na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na bakararre, mata marasa fuka, yawancinsu ma'aikata ne (ergates), da sojoji (dinergate) da sauran ƙungiyoyi na musamman.Kusan dukkan yankunan tururuwa kuma suna da wasu maza masu haihuwa da ake kira "drones" da kuma mace ɗaya ko fiye da ake kira "Queens" (gynes).An siffanta yankunan a matsayin mafi-fita saboda tururuwa suna bayyana suna aiki a matsayin haɗin kai, tare da yin aiki tare don tallafawa mulkin mallaka.

Ƙungiyoyin ant al'ummai suna da rarrabuwar kawuna, sadarwa tsakanin mutane, da kuma ikon warware matsaloli masu sarkakiya.Waɗannan kamanceceniya da  al'ummomin ɗan adam sun daɗe da zama abin zuga da kuma batun nazari. Yawancin al'adun mutane suna amfani da tururuwa a cikin abinci, magunguna, da kuma bukukuwa.Wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙima a matsayinsu na wakilan kwaro na halitta. Ƙarfinsu na yin amfani da albarkatu na iya haifar da tururuwa cikin rikici da mutane, duk da haka, saboda suna iya lalata amfanin gona da mamaye gine-gine.

Wasu nau'ikan, kamar tururuwan wuta da aka shigo da su ja (Solenopsis invicta) na Kudancin Amurka, ana ɗaukar su azaman masu cin zali a wasu sassan duniya, suna kafa kansu a wuraren da aka gabatar da su cikin bazata.

 Asali(Tarihi) 
Kalmar  ant da kalmar tsoho emmetemmet. Merriam-Webster Dictionary an samo su ne daga ante, emete na Turanci ta Tsakiya, waɗanda suka fito daga ǣmette na  Tsohon Turanci; waɗannan duk suna da alaƙa da Low Saxon e(e)mt, empe da iri (Tsohon Saxon emeta) da kuma Jamus Ameise (Tsohon Babban Jamusanci āmeiza).Duk waɗannan kalmomi sun fito ne daga Jamusanci ta Yamma *ǣmaitjōn, kuma asalin ma'anar kalmar shine "mai cizo" (daga Proto-Jamus *ai-, "kashe, nesa" + *mait- "yanke")."Ant. Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 30 May 2009"ant". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 6 June 2008.

Sunan iyali Formicidae ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin formīca ("ant")[6] daga cikinsu aka samo kalmomin a cikin wasu yarukan soyayya, kamar su fotiga formiga, formica                                          Romania  ,                     faransa.

An yi hasashe cewa kalmar Proto-Indo-Turai  * morwi- ita ce tushen Sanskrit vamrah, Greek μύρμηξ mýrmēx, Tsohon Cocin Slavonic mraviji, Tsohuwar moirb, Tsohon Norse maurr, Dish re Dish miere, da Crimean Gothic miera."Pismire". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 27 August 2020."Formic". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 30 January 2012.

 Rabe-Rabe da  Juyin halitta 
SIyalin Formicidae na cikin odar Hymenoptera, wanda kuma ya haɗa da sawflies, ƙudan zuma, da wasps. Tururuwa sun samo asali ne daga zuriya a cikin magudanar ruwa, kuma binciken 2013 ya nuna cewa su 'yar'uwar kungiyar Apoidea ce.Johnson BR, Borowiec ML, Chiu JC, Lee EK, Atallah J, Ward PS (October 2013). "Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps". Current Biology. 23 (20): 2058–2062. Bibcode:2013CBio...23.2058J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050. PMID 24094856.Koyaya, tunda Apoidea babbar iyali ce, dole ne a haɓaka tururuwa zuwa matsayi ɗaya.Fernando Fernández; Roberto J. Guerrero; Andrés F. Sánchez Restrepo (April 2021). "Systematics and diversity of Neotropical ants". Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 47 (1): e11082. doi:10.25100/socolen.v47i1.11082. hdl:11336/165214. An gabatar da ƙarin cikakken tsarin haraji na asali a cikin 2020.nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu uku da batattu na tsakiyar Cretaceous Camelomecia  da Camelosphecia  an ajiye su a wajen Formicidae, a cikin wani yanki na daban a cikin babban family Formicoidea, wanda, tare da Apoidea, ke samar da babbar ƙungiyar Formicapoidina.[2] Fernandez et al.

 Manazarta