Khalil Beidas

Khalil Beidas (Arabic, kuma an fassara Khalil Bedas, Khalil Baydas, Khalil Beydas) (1874-1949) masanin Palasdinawa ne, malami, mai fassara da marubuci. Beidas shi ne mahaifin bankin Lebanon na Palasdinawa Yousef Beidas kuma dan uwan mahaifin Edward Said ne.

Tare da zamani kamar Khalil al-Sakakini, Izzat Darwaza da Najib Nassar, Beidas na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ilimi na Falasdinu a farkon karni na ashirin a lokacin farfadowar al'adun Al-Nahda. Beidas ita ce ta farko a cikin ɗan gajeren labari da littafin Levantine na zamani. Ya kuma kasance mai fassara mai yawa - tun farkon 1898, ya fassara wasu ayyukan Tolstoy da Pushkin zuwa Larabci. Bugu da kari, ya kafa mujallar, "al-Nafā'is al-'asriyyah" (, The Modern Treasures), wanda ya sami suna mai kyau a cikin al'ummomin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Ottoman vilayet na Siriya (wanda ya dace da Isra'ila ta yau, Falasdinu, Jordan, Siriya, da Lebanon) da kuma Diaspora na Falasdinu. An kuma san Beidas da Raʾid al-qissa al-filastiniyya (mai gabatarwa na ɗan gajeren labarin Palasdinawa).  Shi da matarsa, Adele, suna da 'ya'ya maza 4 da mata 4.

 Ilimi da aiki 
An haifi Beidas a Nazarat, Ottoman Palestine, vilayet na Siriya a 1874 kuma ya yi karatu a Orthodox na Rasha al-Muskubīya (a halin yanzu, a cewar Edward Said, cibiyar tsare-tsare da tambayoyi galibi ga Palasdinawa ) da Cibiyar Horar da Malaman Rasha a Nazarat  (yanzu ofishin 'yan sanda na Isra'ila ), wanda aka kafa a wannan garin a 1886. Babu kuɗin karatu ga ɗaliban Palasdinawa, kuma kodayake koyarwa a cikin Larabci, an sanya muhimmancin gaske akan nazarin Rasha. A cikin tunaninsa, Beidas ya bayyana cewa: 'A waɗancan kwanakin, makarantun Rasha a Falasdinu sun kasance, ba tare da wata shakka ba, mafi kyau.Ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1892. Ilimi na Beidas ya dogara ne akan Al'adun Larabawa na gargajiya, kuma, kodayake Kirista ne, Beidas ya sami shahara a matsayin Hafizi. A farkon shekarunsa na ashirin, an nada Beidas a matsayin shugaban makarantun mishan na Rasha a sassa da yawa na Siriya da Falasdinu. Daga baya, ya zama babban malamin Larabci a makarantar St. George ta Anglican a Urushalima.

Beidas ya yi tafiya a Rasha bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1892 a matsayin mai kula da Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, kuma a lokacin zamansa ya zo ƙarƙashin tasirin ra'ayoyin Nikolai Berdyaev, na ƙarshen karni na 19 na al'adun Rasha kamar Dostoevsky da marubuta kamar Maxim Gorky da Leo Tolstoy .   Bayan dawowa Falasdinu, Beidas ya zama mai fassara mai yawa, kuma babban mutum ne a gabatar da manyan marubutan wallafe-wallafen Rasha ga duniyar da ke magana da Larabci. Har ila yau, ta hanyar fassarorin Rasha ne ya fitar da nau'o'i da yawa na manyan marubuta na Turanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci da Italiyanci. Wadannan fassarorin sun yi tasiri sosai, ba kawai a Falasdinu ba inda ya kasance majagaba a ci gaban wallafe-wallafen zamani, amma a ko'ina cikin duniyar Larabawa, yana rinjayar marubuta daban-daban kamar Iraqi Ma'rūf al Rusāfī (1875-1945), Lebanon Halīm Dammūs (1888-1957) da Wadī' al-Bustānī (1888-1945), marubuta na Siriya kamar Qistākī al-Himsī (1858-1931).  Hanyar da ya yi a fassarar ta bambanta - ya fassara kyauta, 'Arabization' mai kirkira  wanda ya yi ado ko ya rage asalin har sai ya sami abin da ya ɗauka shine ainihin manufar littafin, wanda aka samo daga rayuwar yau da kullun da yanayin ɗan adam.

A cewar Edward Said Daga baya, litattafan Beidas sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin 'gina asalin ƙasar Palasdinawa, musamman game da kwararar mazauna Zionist.  Kasuwancinsa na farko na wallafe-wallafen cikin wannan nau'in shine al-Warith (The Inheritor / The Heir) a cikin 1920. Littafin ya yi magana da batun, Tsarin Kashewar Falasdinu da kafa jihar Isra'ila, wanda ya bayyana ne kawai a wasu lokuta har zuwa 1948, amma wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga marubuta waɗanda suka tsira da su a wannan kwanan wata, Musa' yanci kawai, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Musa' ya zama masu arziki a cikin wannan labarin.  Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma a cikin shekarun 1930 a ci gaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Palasdinawa, wanda ya bunƙasa har zuwa 1948.

Ganin dangantakarsa mai karfi da Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, Beidas ya zama babban memba na cocin Orthodox na Falasdinu, yana wakiltar Kiristoci na Orthodox na Arewacin Falasdinu a Majalisar Tarayyar Orthodox ta Larabawa da Malaman Girka wanda aka caje shi gudanar da harkokin Orthodox a Urushalima.

A lokacin tashin hankali na Nebi Musa na 1920, wanda ya tashi don nuna rashin amincewa da aiwatarwar da Hukumomin Burtaniya suka fara na Balfour Declaration na bude Shige da fice na Zionist zuwa Falasdinu, Beidas na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu magana, wanda aka yaba da ba da 'magana mai motsa rai.  Wasu masu magana an yi la'akari da su masu ƙonewa: taron sun amsa ta hanyar yin ihu 'za za mu sha jinin Yahudawa' (Nashrab dam al-yahud.) Kalmomin Beakenidas da ke kammala da muryarta ta kasa ba za ta raunana da motsin zuciyarta ba, 'Ba za ta taɓa raunana ba ta kasa ba. Shi, tare da wasu da yawa, an tattara su kuma an tsare su. An sake shi a 1921, bisa ga wani asusun da ake sa ran cewa gafara zai sami goyon bayansa kuma ya rage adawarsa. Gabatarwa ta zo ne daga Hukumomin Faransa a Lebanon don "mai da hannunsa" kuma ya sa ya rubuta farfagandar siyasa a kan Birtaniya, tayin da ya ki a kan dalilin cewa ba shi da niyyar zama ko dai lackey na Birtaniya ko sycophant na Faransanci. Ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin 1922, ya buga tarihin birnin Urushalima, Ta'rikh al-Quds (Tarihin Urushalima), (1922)  Wani ɗan gajeren tarihin Masarih al-Adh'han (Kwari na Zuciya) ya fito a cikin 1924 kuma yana nuna yadda yake amfani da fiction don ɗabi'a da kuma gina mai karatu.
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