Mata a Lesotho

A cikin  shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shakara ta alif dubu biyu da sha bakwai 2017, mata miliyan 1.1 suna zaune a Lesotho, wanda ya kai kashi 51.48% na yawan jama'a. 33% na mata ba su kai shekara 15 ba, 61.4% suna tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 64 kuma kashi 5.3% sun wuce shekaru 64. Sun sami cikakken matsayi na doka a cikin shekara ta alif dubu biyu da takwas 2008 tare da wucewar Dokar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Bankin Lesotho a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da takwas 2008. Mata a Lesotho suna mutuwa da yawa daga cutar mai karya garkuwar jiki HIV / AIDs. A tarihi, mata sun yi amfani da iko a matsayin shugabannin gidaje, tare da iko kan yanke shawara na kudi na gida. Gwamnati ta dauki matakai don tabbatar da daidaitattun wakilci na jinsi a cikin gwamnati tare da ƙididdiga, kuma mata a Lesotho sun fi ilimi fiye da maza. Duk da haka, cin zarafin gida, cin zarafinsu na jima'i, rashin motsi na zamantakewa, da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da aka ambata a sama batutuwa ne masu ci gaba. Yunkurin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kamar yawan shige da fice na maza zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma hauhawar masana'antar tufafi, sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da matsalolin da mata ke fuskanta a Lesotho a yau.

 Daidaitawar Jima'i 
Lesotho na musamman ne saboda yayin da yawancin kasashe masu tasowa suna da tsarin ilimi wanda ke son maza, mata suna da ƙimar ilimi mafi girma fiye da maza. A makarantar sakandare akwai mata 1.6 ga kowane namiji, wanda shine mafi girman rabo a duniya don samun ilimin mata. An yi kokari daga Gwamnatin Lesotho tun daga shekara ta alif dubu biyu 2000 don karfafa ilimin mata da karatu da rubutu a duk fadin kasar, keɓe mafi girman kashi na GDP ga ilimi na kowace ƙasa a duniya. Sun yi nasara tare da yawan karatun mata na 95% (ƙimar maza ita ce 83%).  Duk da yake wannan nasara ce, a cewar UNESCO Global Partnership for Girls" da Ilimin Mata, yawancin ci gaban da aka samu a ilimin mata na iya danganta da shige da fice na maza zuwa Afirka ta Kudu saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki. Rabin 1.6 ya fi nuna al'umma inda mata suka fi maza a cikin yawan jama'a fiye da ci gaba mai mahimmanci a ilimi.

Wasu matsalolin da suka rage a cikin ilimin mata sun hada da yawan masu barin karatu, ƙananan aikin makaranta, da kuma kashewa. A cewar UNESCO, "A shekara ta alif dubu biyu da tara 2009, kashi 25% na 'yan mata a matakin firamare da kashi 64% a matakin sakandare ba su da makaranta. "  Bugu da ƙari, yayin da a cikin shekara ta alif dubu biyu 2000 mata suka fi maza a lissafi da sauran kimiyya, a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma 2010 ragowar aikin STEM ta juya zuwa ga maza.

 Tattalin Arziki 
Shekaru da yawa, Tattalin arzikin Lesotho ya yi gwagwarmaya da rashin aikin yi, faduwar kudin haraji da kuma kashi 60% na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasa da layin talauci na ƙasa.  A tarihi, mata a Lesotho sun shiga cikin tattalin arzikin da ba a sani ba.  Duk da yake an ƙuntata su ga cikin gida, sun kasance masu ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa a masana'antu kamar noma, kiwon dabbobi da masana'antar gida.  Koyaya, a tsawon lokaci mata sun fara shiga aikin ma'aikata a cikin adadi mafi girma. Rashin aikin yi na mata a cikin shekara ta alif dubu biyu da bakwai 2017 ya kasance kusan kashi 30%, wanda ya fi ƙarancin lokaci na 26% a cikin 2012.  Koyaya, wani ɓangare ne na yanayin raguwa gaba ɗaya daga shekarun 1990 inda rashin aikin mata ya kai 48.48%. A cikin shekara ta alif dubu biyu da bakwai 2017, mata sun kasance kusan kashi 47% na ma'aikata. A cewar wani rahoto daga Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ciniki da Ci gaba, mata sun kasance mafi yawan ƙwararrun ma'aikata. Tattalin arzikin Lesotho ya kasance a tarihi, kuma har yanzu, ya dogara ne akan aikin gona, duk da haka an sami karuwar masana'antar masana'antu.
Manazarta