Lin Zongsu

Lin ZongsuframelessAn haife shi林宗素1878  (1878) Minhou, Fujian, ChinaYa mutu1944 (shekaru 65-66)  Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaƘasarSinanciAyyukaɗan jarida, edita, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mataShekaru masu aiki 1898–1913An san shi da kafa kungiyar mata ta farko a kasar Sin
Lin Zongsu (Sinanci: ; An haifeta a shekarar 1878-1944) ta kasance yar kasar Sin ce sannan kuma marubuciya. Ta kafa kungiyar mata ta farko a kasar Sin kuma tana daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan gwagwarmayar siyasa a kasar Sin a farkon zamanin Jamhuriyar Qing. Ta kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jarida mata na farko a kasar Sin da kuma editocin jarida. A matsayinta na 'yar jarida, ta wallafa ko'ina kan' yancin mata kuma ta jagoranci kungiyoyin mata da yawa har sai an dakatar da dimokuradiyya a shekarar alif 1913. Daga baya, ta koyar a Singapore kuma ta gudanar da wani kamfani na jirgin ruwa a can wanda ya sami damar tallafawa jaridu na ɗan'uwanta a kasar China. Bayan shekaru goma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ita da mijinta sun koma kasar Sin kuma sun zauna a kudancin kasar inda ayyukan kasuwancin su suke.

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Lin Zongsu a shekara ta 1878 a Minhou,  Lardin Fujian, China, ga Lin Jianquan (Sinanci: ), marubuci, da Huang Fu (Sinansi: 黄夫), masanin kimiyya  mawaki. Yarinya mai himma, iyayenta sun zaɓi kada su ɗaure ƙafafunta kuma mahaifiyarta ta koya mata a gida. Lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta mutu, Lin har yanzu tana da ƙuruciya kuma tana zaune tare da kawunta, tana halartar makarantar Yamma. A kusa da 1898, ta koma Hangzhou, inda ta haɗu da babban ɗan'uwanta,  , wanda ya kasance ɗan jarida a can. Ta saba da kungiyoyin masu adawa da juyin juya halin Qing kuma ta sadu da Qiu Jin, wanda daga baya zai zama shahadar juyin juya hali. A cikin 1902, ta fara karatu a Makarantar 'yan mata ta Patriotic (Sinanci: 爱国女校学) ta Shanghai . Makarantar ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi daga makarantun gargajiya na kasar Sin, ta haɗu da nazarin ilmin sunadarai da kimiyyar lissafi tare da tarihin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa da Ƙungiyar Nihilist ta Rasha, da kuma ba da shawara ga shiga siyasa ta mata. Ba da daɗewa ba ta bi wasu ɗaliban kasar Sin zuwa Japan a shekara ta 1903.

Kamar sauran daliban kasar Sin a wannan lokacin, Lin, wacce ke tare da ɗan'uwanta, tana so ta sami damar koyo a waje da tsarin mulkin mallaka na kasar Sin kuma ta sami ƙwarewar zamani. Ta yi zanga-zanga don nuna rashin amincewa da Yaƙin Rasha da Japan kuma ta shiga Red Cross na Japan don koyon ƙwarewar likita da kuma iya taimakawa da sojoji da suka ji rauni. Ta kuma kafa ƙungiyar ɗaliban mata ta farko tare da sauran ɗaliban mata na kasar Sin, wanda ake kira Mutual Love Society (Sinanci: 共爱会), wanda ke ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mata da haƙƙin su na ilimi. Kungiyar ta buga ra'ayoyinsu a cikin mujallar Jiangsu, kuma Lin ya fara rubuta rubutun game da daidaito. A cikin 1903, ta buga a Jiangsu gabatarwa ga A Tocsin for Women (: 女界鐘) wanda Jin Songcen ya rubuta, wanda ya bukaci mata su 'yantar da kansu da al'ummarsu.

Bayan shekara guda a Japan, ta koma Shanghai kuma ta tafi aiki a jaridar ɗan'uwanta  Vernacular News (Sinanci: 中国白话报), ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jarida mata na farko a China. Ta kuma zama mataimakiyar edita ga Daily Alarm [zh] (Sinanci: 警钟日报).   Dukkanin waɗannan takardun sun ba da bincike da sharhi game da dimokuradiyya kuma Lin ya rubuta labarai da yawa da ke ba da shawarar juyin juya hali, kafin gwamnati ta tilasta su rufe su a cikin 1905.  Ta yanke shawarar komawa Japan don yin karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Tokyo (Japanese).  A wannan kaka, lokacin da Huang Xing ta kafa masana'antar makamai a Yokohama, ita da sauran ɗaliban kasar Sin sun fara shiga cikin ayyukan anarchist kuma sun zama sanannun "Sophia heroines", dangane da ayyukan Sophia Perovskaya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1905,  ta shiga kungiyar Tongmenghui  ta Sun Yat-sen don ci gaba da gwagwarmayarta  kuma ta shiga cikin yawancin ayyukan adawa da gwamnati. Sa'an nan a cikin 1906, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Japan ta zartar da dokar da ta iyakance ayyukan siyasa na ɗaliban kasar Sin. Ta kammala karatunta a makarantar al'ada, kuma ta auri abokiyar ɗan'uwanta, Tong Fu (Sinanci: 同赴) na Shanghai.

 Ayyuka 
Daular Qing ta fadi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1911  tare da nasarar Wuchang Uprising kuma Lin ya koma kasar Sin.  Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Socialist Party ta kasar Sin , lokacin da Jiang Kanghu ya shirya ta. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1911, Lin ta kafa kungiyar farko a kasar Sin da ke neman 'yancin mata, Women's Suffrage Comrades Alliance (Sinanci: 女子参政同志会) a Shanghai. An kafa kungiyar ne a matsayin reshe na jam'iyyar gurguzu don mata su sami damar neman canjin siyasa. Ta kuma kafa wata mujallar, da ake kira Women's Times (Sinanci: 女子倍) don buga bayanai game da zaɓen da kungiyar.

Lin ya sadu da Sun Yat-sen a Nanjing a 1912 kuma ya karɓi alkawarinsa cewa mata za su sami kuri'a lokacin da aka kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. Ta wallafa sanarwar a cikin Shenzhou Daily  da Women's Times,  inda ta sami amincewa da rashin amincewa. Sun Yat-Sen, kodayake ya ba da izini ga Lin don bugawa, ya nisanta kansa daga gardamar yana cewa zaɓen ya zama al'amari ga mafi rinjaye su yanke shawara. Lin ya wallafa wani labarin a cikin Heavenly Bell News (Tianduo Bao) yana karyata korarsa da kuma tattaunawarsu. Bayan sun sanya ra'ayin kuri'un mata a fagen jama'a, wasu kungiyoyin mata da yawa da aka kafa don matsawa don haƙƙin yayin da muhawara game da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Sin ke ci gaba  kuma sun gabatar da tsari na daidaito. Lokacin da aka bayar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki a ranar 11 ga Maris, ba shi da wani tanadi don jefa kuri'a ga mata. Matan sun ci gaba da matsawa majalisar dattijai ta wucin gadi kuma sun aika da korafe-korafe biyar suna neman a halatta hakkinsu, amma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta ga ayyukansu a matsayin barazana kuma ta ki sauraron su.

 Rayuwa ta baya 
A cikin 1913, Lin da Tong sun sake aure  kuma Lin ya bar fagen siyasa ya koma Nanjing. An dakatar da dimokuradiyya a karkashin mulkin Yuan Shikai  kuma lokacin da aka gayyaci Lin zuwa Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ta yarda. A gayyatar Singapore Chamber of Commerce, Lin ya koma kuma ya zama malami. Ta auri wani dan kasuwa daga Hangzhou kuma sun gudanar da kasuwancin jirgin ruwa mai cin nasara wanda ya zama mai arziki sosai. Lin ta yi amfani da kudaden da ta samu don taimakawa dan uwanta ya biya jaridar sa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1922, ma'auratan sun koma Beijing, amma saboda sha'awar kasuwancin mijinta, nan da nan suka koma Kaifeng, a Lardin Henan. A shekara ta 1925, ɗanta kaɗai ya mutu kuma ya yi baƙin ciki, Lin ta haɗu da ɗan'uwanta a Beijing. Bayan an kashe shi a shekara mai zuwa, sai ta koma kudu. Lokacin da Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu ya ɓarke, iyalin suka koma Kunming, a Lardin Yunnan, inda ta mutu a shekara ta 1944.

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Rukuni:Matattun 1944
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1878