Didier Ratsiraka

Didier Ignace Ratsiraka (Malagasy: [raˈtsirəkə̥]; 4 ga watan Nuwamba, 1936 - 28 Maris 2021)Ramambazafy, Jeannot (28 March 2021). "Didier Ratsiraka. Décès, ce matin du 28 mars 2021, d'un patriote à sa manière". Madagate.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021. ya kasance ɗan siyasan Malagasy ne kuma jami'in sojan ruwa wanda shine shugaban Madagascar na uku daga 1975 zuwa 1993 kuma na biyar daga 1997 zuwa 2002 kamin mutuwarsa.Rasoloarison, Jeannot (31 March 2021). "Didier Ratsiraka, héraut de la souveraineté malgache, est décédé". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021. shi ne shugaban kasar Madagascar da ya fi dadewa kan karagar mulki.Madagascar First ladies : De Justine à Voahangy, en passant par les deux Thérèse". Madagate.com. 14 February 2014. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.

A shekarar 1975 ne shugabannin sojoji suka nada shi shugaban kasa, sannan aka sake zabe shi har sau biyu a 1982 da 1989.Independence, the First Republic, and the Military Transition, 1960–75", U.S. Country Studies, Madagascar Yayin da ya sha kaye a hannun Albert Zafy a 1992,Richard R. Marcus, "POLITICAL CHANGE IN MADAGASCAR: POPULIST DEMOCRACY OR NEOPATRIMONIALISM BY ANOTHER NAME?" Archived 8 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Institute for Security Studies, Occasional Paper 89, August 2004. Ratsiraka ya koma ofis bayan ya ci zaben 1997. Bayan zaben 2001, shi da abokin hamayyarsa Marc Ravalomanana sun shiga tsaka mai wuya bayan da ya ki shiga zaben fidda gwani; Daga karshe Ratsiraka ya sauka.Iloniaina, Alain (27 April 2013). "Former Madagascar president Ratsiraka to contest July election". Reuters News. Retrieved 5 August 2018.

Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Didier Ratsiraka a Vatomandry, yankin Atsinana, Madagascar na Faransa, a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1936."The Second Republic, 1975–92", U.S. Country Studies, Madagascar. Mahaifinsa, Albert Ratsiraka, ya kasance memba na Parti des désérités de Madagascar a gundumar Moramanga kuma jami'in Malagasy a cikin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.Deaths in Madagascar Unrest Put at 51", The New York Times, 13 August 1991.

Ayyuka
Jamhuriya ta biyu
Da farko Ratsiraka ya yi aiki a matsayin hadimin soja a ofishin jakadancin Madagascar da ke Paris, kafin a nada shi a matsayin ministan harkokin waje tare da gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Shugaba Gabriel Ramanantsoa daga 1972 har zuwa 1975.Rasoloarison, Jeannot (31 March 2021). "Didier Ratsiraka, héraut de la souveraineté malgache, est décédé". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.Ramambazafy, Jeannot (28 March 2021). "Didier Ratsiraka. Décès, ce matin du 28 mars 2021, d'un patriote à sa manière". Madagate.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.. A matsayinsa na ministan harkokin waje, Ratsiraka ya sake tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa na Franco-Malagasy, wanda aka sanya hannu tun a shekarar 1960.Madagascar's Leader Agrees To Work for New Elections", The New York Times, 3 November 1991. Ya kuma lura da ficewar Madagascar daga yankin CFA franc a 1972.[2] An san shi da "Red Admiral", ya kasance.Elections in Madagascar, African Elections Database.Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East, Part 3". Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. 1978. Retrieved 19 April 2024.

Zabe na 1990 da shugaban kasa na biyu
Ratsiraka ya tsaya takara a zaben shugaban kasa na jam’iyyu da yawa a watan Nuwamba 1992, inda ya zo na biyu bayan Zafy a zagayen farko. A zagaye na biyu, wanda aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 1993,Gemma Pitcher and Patricia C. Wright, Madagascar and Comoros (2004), Lonely Planet, page 27. Ratsiraka ya sha kaye a hannun Zafy, inda ya samu kusan kashi daya bisa uku na kuri’un,Philip M. Allen, "Impeachment as Parliamentary Coup d'Etat", in Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective (2003), ed. Jody C. Baumgartner, Naoko Kada, pages 91–92. ya bar ofis a ranar 27 ga MarisPhilip M. Allen, "Impeachment as Parliamentary Coup d'Etat", in Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective (2003), ed. Jody C. Baumgartner, Naoko Kada, pages 91–92.. Majalisar Madagaska ta kasa ta tsige Zafy a cikin 1996,Feb 1998 – Refusal of National Assembly to impeach President", Keesing's Record of World Events, Volume 44, February 1998 Madagascar, Page 42051. da Ratsiraka, wanda ya kasance gudun hijira a Faransa,Ratsiraka sworn in as Madagascar's new president", Television Malagasy (Antananarivo), 9 February 1997. ya sami koma baya ta siyasa a ƙarshen 1996 lokacin da ya ci zaben shugaban kasa na wannan shekarar. takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar AREMA. Ya zo a matsayi na farko a zagaye na farko da kashi 36.6% na kuri'un,"Madagascar: Stumbling at the first hurdle?" Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Institute for Security Studies, ISS Paper 68, April 2003. a gaban manyan abokan hamayyarsa uku: Zafy, Herizo Razafimahaleo, da Firayim Minista / Mukaddashin Shugaban kasa Norbert Ratsirahonana.Madagascar rival leader returns", BBC News, 23 June 2002 Da kyar ya doke Zafy a zagaye na biyu da kashi 50.7%Embattled Ratsiraka arrives in France", BBC News, 14 June 2002. sannan ya sake karbar ragamar mulki a ranar 9 ga Fabrairun 1997.Madagascar's former leader quits", BBC News, 5 July 2002

zaben 2001

Ratsiraka ya sanar a ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2001 cewa zai zama dan takara a zaben shugaban kasa da za a gudanar a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar.Ratsiraka moots Madagascar return", BBC News, 8 July 2002 A zaben, ya zo na biyu; A cewar gwamnati, Marc Ravalomanana ne ya lashe matsayi na daya da kashi 46% na kuri'un da aka kada, yayin da Ratsiraka ya samu kashi 40%. Domin a cewar sakamakon zaben, babu wani dan takara da ya samu rinjaye,Madagascar: Didier Ratsiraka wabaye Perezida yapfuye". BBC News Gahuza (in Kinyarwanda). Retrieved 31 March 2021. za a yi zaben fidda gwani, amma saboda takaddamar zaben ba a taba yi ba."L'ex-président Ratsiraka condamné par contumace" Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, UPF (presse-francophone.org), 7 August 2003 (in French). Ravalomanana ya yi ikirarin lashe sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 na kuri'un da aka kada, wanda ya isa ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa a zagaye guda.L'ex-président Ratsiraka condamné par contumace" Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, UPF (presse-francophone.org), 7 August 2003 (in French Magoya bayansa ne suka rantsar da Ravalomanana a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 22 ga Fabrairun 2002, kuma gwamnatocin biyu sun yi yakin neman mulkin kasar.MADAGASCAR: France says no extradition request received for Ratsiraka", IRIN, 7 August 2003. A karshen watan Fabrairun 2002, Ravalomanana yana da iko a babban birnin kasar, wanda ya kasance tushensa a koyaushe, amma Ratsiraka ya kasance mai kula da lardunan kuma ya kafa kansa a Toamasina,MADAGASCAR: France says no extradition request received for Ratsiraka", IRIN, 7 August 2003. tushen tallafinsa na farko. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan watanni Ravalomanana ya sami rinjaye a gwagwarmaya. A tsakiyar watan Yuni Ratsiraka ya tafi Faransa, lamarin da ya sa mutane da yawa suka yi imanin cewa ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira tare da rage kwarin gwiwar magoya bayansa, ko da yake Ratsiraka ya ce zai dawo.Madagascar: 10 Years' Hard Labor For Ex-President", The New York Times, 7 August 2003. Ya koma Madagascar bayan fiye da mako guda,Lesieur, Alexandra (7 August 2009), "No deal on ousted Madagascar leader's return home: Rajoelina", AFP, archived from the original on 22 August 2009 amma matsayinsa yana ci gaba da raunana karfin sojaMadagascar crisis talks to break deadlock", Independent Online, 6 August 2009. A ranar 5 ga Yuli, Ratsiraka ya gudu daga Toamasina, ya ɗauki jirgi zuwa Seychelles na kusa.Madagascar Crisis Talks Focus on Amnesty", VOA News, 7 August 2009, archived from the original on 9 December 2012 Bayan kwana biyu ya isa kasar Faransa."Crisis talks resume between feuding leaders", AFP, France 24, 6 August 2009, archived from the original on 11 November 2009

A cikin gudun hijira

A ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2003, Ratsiraka — wanda aka zarge shi da satar kusan dala miliyan takwas na kudaden jama’a daga hannun babban bankin kasa a Toamasina a cikin watan Yunin 2002,Icy atmosphere permeates Madagascar meeting", Independent Online, 6 August 2009a kafin ya tafi gudun hijira—an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru goma na aiki tukuru a Madagascar. 20] Saboda yana zaune a Faransa, an gwada shi ba ya nan.Rencontre entre Andry Rajoelina et Marc Ravalomanana au Mozambique", Témoignages, 6 August 2009"So far, so good in presidential election", IRIN, 4 December 2006 Lauyan da kotu ta nada wa Ratsiraka ya amince da hukuncin da aka yanke a matsayin “adalci” kuma ya ce ba zai daukaka kara ba.Didier Ratsiraka, the 'Red Admiral', back in Madagascar", Expatica.com, 24 November 2011, archived from the original on 28 November 2011, retrieved 25 November 2011

Dawo daga gudun Hijira da Mutuwa

Ratsiraka ya dawo daga gudun hijira a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2011Former Madagascar president Ratsiraka ends exile", Mail & Guardian Online, 24 November 2011, matakin da gwamnatin Rajoelina da kuma tsoffin shugabannin kasa (da tsoffin 'yan adawa) Ravalomanana da Zafy suka yi maraba da shi.Didier Ratsiraka. Transition démocratique et pauvreté à Madagascar – Karthala". www.karthala.com. Retrieved 29 September 2015. Ratsiraka ya yi kira da a warware rikicin siyasa ta hanyar tattaunawa kai tsaye tsakanin dukkan shugabannin siyasa hudu, tattaunawar da ya kamata kuma ta hada da sauran jam’iyyu da kungiyoyin fararen hula a cewarsa.Madagascar: Atteint d'une "petite grippe"? Didier Ratsiraka hospitalisé au CENHOSOA". Midi Madagasikara. AllAfrica.com. 24 March 2021. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.Asala, Kizzi (28 March 2021). "Madagascar's ex-president Didier Ratsiraka dies at 84". Africanews. Retrieved 28 March 2021.Ramambazafy, Jeannot (28 March 2021). "Didier Ratsiraka. Inhumé au Mausolée d'Ambohitsaina, le 29 mars 2021". Madagate.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.

 Manazarta 

Category:Haifaffun 1936
Category:Mutuwan 2021