Curry a Ƙasar Ingila

Curry, abincin da aka samo daga kasar Indiya, sanannen abinci ne a Ƙasar Ingila. An buga girke-girke na curry a Burtaniya tun daga shekara ta 1747, lokacin da Hannah Glasse ta ba da girke-gyare na curry na kaza. A cikin karni na 19, wasu girke-girke da yawa sun bayyana a cikin shahararrun Littattafan dafa abinci na lokacin. Curries a Burtaniya ana bayyana su sosai ta amfani da kalmomin Indiya, kamar Korma don sauce mai sauƙi tare da almond da kwakwa, Madras don sauce ya yi zafi, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, da kuma Pasanda don sauce Mai sauƙi tare da cream da madarar kwakwa. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan curry, kaza tikka masala ya zama yadu sosai don a bayyana shi a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Ƙasar Ingila.

Gidan curry na farko ya buɗe a Landan a cikin 1810. Ƙarin ya biyo baya a farkon karni na 20; Veeraswamy, wanda aka kafa a 1926, shine gidan cin abinci na Indiya mafi tsufa a Burtaniya. A cikin shekarun 1970s, sama da kashi uku cikin hudu na gidajen cin abinci na Indiya a cikin ƙasar mallakar mutane ne na asalin Bangladesh, galibi daga yankin Sylhet.

 Abincin ƙasa 
Curry ya shahara sosai a Ƙasar Ingila, tare da gidan curry a kusan kowane gari. Curry ya shahara sosai a Ƙasar Ingila wanda aka kira shi akai-akai "abincin da aka karɓa na ƙasa".  A cikin shekarar 2016 akwai kimanin gidajen curry 12,000 a Ƙasar Burtaniya, suna daukar ma'aikata 100,000 kuma tare da haɗin tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na kusan £ 4.2 biliyan.

Abinci ya zama abincin Kudancin Asiya da aka dafa zuwa dandano na Burtaniya, duk da haka akwai karuwar buƙata don ainihin salon Kudancin Asia.  [ana buƙatar ambaton] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, duk da gidajen curry da ke da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na kasuwancin gidan cin abinci a Burtaniya, sakamakon kasancewa da ƙananan albashi, sun sha wahala da karancin ma'aikata. Mutanen da aka kafa baƙi na Kudancin Asiya daga kasashen Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh suna ci gaba zuwa wasu sana'o'i; akwai matsaloli wajen horar da Turawa don dafa curry; da kuma ƙuntatawa na shige da fice, wanda ke buƙatar biyan albashi mai girma ga ƙwararrun baƙi, sun rage samar da sabbin masu dafa abinci.

 Tarihi 
An buga girke-girke na farko a kasar Burtaniya a cikin The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy by Hannah Glasse a cikin shekarar 1747.  Buga na farko na littafinta ya yi amfani da baƙar fata da tsaba na coriander kawai don ɗanɗano na "currey". A cikin bugu na huɗu na littafin, an kira wasu sinadaran kamar turmeric da ginger. Ba a ambaci amfani da kayan yaji masu zafi ba, wanda ya nuna iyakancewar amfani da chili a Kudancin Asiya - an gabatar da tsire-tsire na chili ne kawai a Kudanfin Asiya a ƙarshen karni na 16 kuma a wannan lokacin sun shahara ne kawai a kudancin Indiya.

Yawancin girke-girke na curry sun bayyana a cikin littattafan dafa abinci na karni na 19 kamar na Charles Elmé Francatelli da Mrs Beeton . A cikin Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, girke-girke na curry foda ya ƙunshi coriander, turmeric, cinnamon, cayenne, mustard, ginger, allspice da fenugreek; kodayake ta lura cewa ya fi tattalin arziki a sayen foda a "kowane shagon da ake girmamawa". A cikin ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, curry ya karu da shahara a Burtaniya saboda yawan ma'aikatan gwamnati da ma'aikatan soja da ke da alaƙa da Raj na Burtaniya. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, curry ya zama sananne a Burtaniya saboda yawan baƙi daga Kudancin Asiya. Curry ya zama wani bangare na abinci na Burtaniya, har ya zama, tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ana kiran kaza tikka masala a matsayin "abinci na gaskiya na Burtaniya".  

 Gidan Curry 
A cikin shekarar 1810, ɗan kasuwa Sake Dean Mahomed, daga Shugabancin Bengal, ya buɗe gidan curry na Indiya na farko a kasar Ingila: Gidan kofi na Hindoostanee a London. Kafin wannan lokacin, an ba da curry a wasu Gidajen kofi na London.

Gidan cin abinci na kasar Indiya na farko na zamani a Burtaniya ana zaton shi ne Shafi a shekarar 1915,  wanda Veeraswamy ya biyo baya a titin Regent na London, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1926;  wannan na ƙarshe har yanzu yana tsaye kuma shine gidan cin abinci na India mafi tsufa a Burtaniya. 

Bengalis a Burtaniya sun zauna a manyan birane tare da aikin masana'antu. A Landan, sun zauna a Gabashin Gabas, wanda ya kasance tashar jiragen ruwa ta farko ga baƙi da yawa da ke aiki a tashar jiragen sama da jigilar kaya daga gabashin Bengal. Tsayar da su na yau da kullun ya shirya hanyar da za a bude wuraren abinci da curry don samar da abinci ga ma'aikatan maza yayin da ƙaura da zaman lafiya suka faru bayan wasu shekarun da suka gabata. Brick Lane a Gabashin London Borough na Tower Hamlets sananne ne ga gidajen curry da yawa.

Har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970s, fiye da kashi uku cikin hudu na gidajen cin abinci na Indiya a Burtaniya an gano su mallakar kuma suna gudanar da su ta mutanen asalin Bengali. Yawancin 'yan gudun hijira ne ke gudanar da su daga Gabashin Pakistan, wanda ya zama Bangladesh a shekarar 1971. Masu cin abinci na Bangladesh da yawa sun fito ne daga yankin arewa maso gabashin Sylhet. Har zuwa shekarar 1998, kusan kashi 85% na gidajen cin abinci na curry a Burtaniya gidajen cin abincin Bangladesh ne na Burtaniya,  amma a cikin shekarar 2003 wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa sama da kashi 65%.  Yawan gidajen cin abinci na Bangladesh yana raguwa a wasu sassan London kuma a arewacin da ke tafiya. A Glasgow, akwai gidajen cin abinci da yawa na asalin Punjabi fiye da kowane.

A farkon shekarun 2010 shahararren gidan curry ya ga raguwa. An danganta wannan ga sayar da wannan salon abinci a cikin gidajen cin abinci na yau da kullun, ƙara dafa abinci na gida na wannan salon abinci tare da sauƙin wadatar sinadaran, da Ƙuntatawa na shige da fice da aka kawo daga 2008 yana sa wadatar masu dafa abinci masu alaƙa da sauran ma'aikata ya zama da wahala.

Ba tare da la'akari da asalin kabilanci na mallakar gidan cin abinci ba, abincin yana da tasiri ga abincin Kudancin Asiya, kuma wani lokacin yana dafa abinci daga wasu wurare, kamar Abincin Farisa.

Gidajen cin abinci masu inganci suna samar da sabbin sauces a kowace rana, ta amfani da sabbin sinadaran a duk inda ya yiwu da kuma niƙa kayan ƙanshi. Ƙarin cibiyoyin da suka fi dacewa na iya amfani da sinadaran daskarewa ko bushewa da kuma cakuda kayan yaji da aka riga aka shirya.

 Iri-iri 
Gidajen cin abinci a Burtaniya suna amfani da kalmomin Asiya ta Kudu don gano shahararrun abinci. Kodayake sunayen sun samo asali ne daga kayan gargajiya na Kudancin Asiya, sau da yawa ana daidaita girke-girke don dacewa da dandano na yamma. Sunayen wakilan sun hada da:

 Balti - wani salon curry da ake zaton an haɓaka shi a Birmingham,  al'ada ana dafa shi kuma ana ba da shi a cikin tukunya mai ƙarfe da ake kira balty. 
 Bhuna - matsakaici, mai kauri, tare da wasu kayan lambu.
 Biryani - shinkafa da nama da aka dafa tare kuma yawanci ana ba da su tare da kayan lambu curry.
 Dhansak - sananne ne a yankin Lancashire, ana iya yin shi da ko dai ɗan rago ko kaza kuma akai-akai yana ƙunshe da pineapple.
 Dopiaza - matsakaiciyar curry dauke da albasa waɗanda aka tafasa kuma aka soya su.
 Jalfrezi - albasa, kore chili da kuma babban sauce.
 Kofta - jita-jita da ke dauke da naman nama (yawanci sau da yawa ɗan rago ko naman sa), ko maye gurbin kayan lambu (yawancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙasa). 
 Korma - mai laushi, rawaya a launi, tare da almond da kwakwa foda.
 Madras curry - "ma'auni mai zafi, dan kadan mai zaki a gidan cin abinci na Indiya".
 Pasanda - sauce mai laushi da aka yi da cream, madarar kwakwa, da almonds ko cashews, ana ba da shi tare da ɗan rago, kaza, ko prawns na sarki.
 Pathia - curry mai zafi, gabaɗaya yayi kama da "Madras" tare da ƙara ruwan lemun tsami da ruwan tumatir.
 Phaal - "mafi zafi curry da gidajen cin abinci zasu iya yi. Babu wani abu kamar shi a Indiya - abu ne mai tsabta".
 Roghan josh - curry mai matsakaici, yawanci na ɗan rago / naman sa tare da jan sauce mai zurfi wanda ke dauke da tumatir da paprika.
 Sambar - matsakaiciyar zafi, curry mai zaki da aka yi da lentils da tamarind.
 Tandoori, Tikka - busassun ɓangarorin kaza na tandoori da kaza tikka, an dafa su kuma an dafa su a cikin tandoor, tanda na yumbu.
 Vindaloo - gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin gidan cin abinci na "mai zafi".

 Dubi kuma 

 Abincin Ingila da Indiya
 Kungiyar Curry
 Kyautar Curry ta Burtaniya

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba