Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link

Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link, wanda aka fi sani da GMSL, fasahar haɗin kai ce da ake amfani da ita don rarraba bidiyo a cikin motoci. Maxim Integrated ne ya kirkireshi. Analog Devices ne suka sayi Maxim Integrated  a cikin 2021.

GMSL fasahar SerDes ce mai daidaituwa, cikakkiyar duplex - wanda ke nufin cewa tana jigilar bayanai a babban farashi a cikin hanyar da ke ƙasa (ko gaba), yayin da a lokaci guda ke jigilar ƙananan bayanai a cikin hanyar hawan (ko baya). Yana jigilar wutar lantarki, bayanan kula da hanyoyi biyu, Ethernet, sauti na hanyoyi biyu da rafi masu yawa na bidiyo guda ɗaya  a lokaci guda a kan kebul ɗaya na coaxial ko kebul mai kariya. GMSL serializer yana karɓar bidiyo daga daidaitattun ƙirar bidiyo na dijital kamar HDMI, DisplayPort, Camera Serial Interface (CSI-2) ko Display Serial Inter interface (DSI) akan kebul har zuwa mita 15 a tsawon. Ana karɓar bayanan ta hanyar deserializer wanda ke fitar da shi a kan wani ma'auni na bidiyo na dijital. Jirgin bidiyo na GMSL na iya zama ba tare da kariya ba ko ɓoyewa ta amfani da HDCP.

 Tarihin GMSL 
Babban ƙuduri mai laushi a cikin motoci ya fara zama wani ɓangare na tsarin nishaɗin mota a farkon lokacin 2000. An ba da umarnin tsarin kyamarar tallafi a Amurka ta majalisa a cikin 2008, kuma an karbe su sosai a cikin motoci daga 2008 zuwa 2011. Fasahar farko da aka keɓe don haɗa waɗannan nuni da kyamarori sune FPD-Link daga National Semiconductor da GMSL daga Maxim Integrated. An gabatar da GMSL a cikin 2008, kuma yana tallafawa har zuwa 3.125 Gb / s data rate a cikin hanyar saukarwa.  Wannan ya isa ya isar da bidiyon da ba a matsa shi ba daga sashin kai zuwa nuni mai zurfi wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin tsarin nishaɗin mota, da kuma jigilar bidiyo daga kyamarori zuwa CPU.

Yayinda masana'antar kera motoci ke karɓar ƙudurin nunawa da ƙudurin kyamara, akwai buƙatar jigilar ƙimar bayanan bidiyo mafi girma a cikin tsarin bidiyo na mota. Zamani na biyu na GMSL, wanda aka sani da GMSL2 tare da adadin bayanai har zuwa 6 Gbit / s ya kasance a cikin 2018.  GMSL2 tana tallafawa nuni na FHD da kyamarori tare da ƙuduri har zuwa 8 megapixels. An kara Compression Stream a cikin GMSL2 don kara karfin haɗin kamar yadda ake buƙata don tallafawa nuni 4k akan kebul ɗaya. GMSL2 kuma ita ce ƙarni na farko na GMSL don tallafawa bututun Ethernet. GMSL2 tana tallafawa 187.5 Mbit / s ko 1.5 Gbit / s bayanai a kan tashar baya.  

Na'urorin GMSL na ƙarni na 3 (GMSL3) sun kasance a cikin 2021. GMSL3 yana da 12 Gbit / s gaba data rate, goyan bayan tarawa da yawa kyamarori, daisy sarkar da kuma da yawa 4k nuna bidiyo koguna a kan guda kebul. 

 Aikace-aikacen mota 
Ana amfani da GMSL da farko a cikin tsarin In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) da tsarin taimakon direba na Advanced (ADAS) a cikin motoci.

A cikin tsarin IVI, haɗin GMSL ya haɗa nuni, kamar kayan aikin lantarki, tsarin kewayawa, nuni na tsakiya, da nuni na nishaɗin wurin zama na baya zuwa rukunin motar. Cikakken yanayin duplex na hanyar haɗi yana ba da damar jigilar bidiyo, taɓawa da bayanin haptics, sauti da sarrafa nuni, a lokaci guda akan wannan kebul.

A cikin tsarin ADAS, ana amfani da haɗin GMSL don haɗa kyamarori zuwa rukunin kula da lantarki. Misalan irin waɗannan kyamarori sune kyamarori na ajiya, kyamarori masu kallo na kewaye, kyamarorin saka idanu na makafi, kyamarororin da ke kallon gaba da kyamarorin sa ido na direba. Haɗin GMSL yana ba da ikon kyamara, kula da kyamara, rahoto na kuskure da jigilar bidiyo a fadin guda ɗaya, kebul na coaxial.

Ana ɗaukar tsarin ADAS a matsayin tsarin tsaro mai mahimmanci, kuma yawanci suna da Matsayin Aminci na Tsaro na Motar (ASIL), wanda aka ƙayyade bisa ga ma'auni na ISO 26262. Na'urorin GMSL suna da gano kuskuren da aka gina a ciki da ayyukan bayar da rahoto don ba da damar ƙirar irin waɗannan tsarin ASIL-rated.

Akwai wasu amfani da GMSL a cikin abin hawa. Misalan sun haɗa da rarraba bayanai na sarrafawa don fitilun motsa jiki masu dacewa,  jigilar bayanan Radar da Lidar a cikin motoci masu zaman kansu, da jigilar bayanan bidiyo tsakanin masu kula da yanki a cikin abin hawa. Misali, ana iya jigilar bayanan kyamarar kewaye daga mai kula da yankin ADAS zuwa sashin kai don nunawa ga direba.

Dole ne Kayan lantarki na mota suyi aiki a cikin yanayin da ke da matsanancin zafin jiki, matakan lantarki masu yawa da transients. Na'urorin GMSL dole ne su cika ko su wuce bukatun AEC-Q100 amincin mota don hadadden da'irori, da kuma ISO 10605 misali don fitar da motoci Electrostatic (ESD).

 Samun tallafi 
A taron AutoSens a Brussels a 2022, an ruwaito cewa an shigar da hanyoyin GMSL sama da miliyan 500 a cikin motoci daga masana'antun motoci sama da  25.

 Manazarta 

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