Philo

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Philo

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Tsallaka zuwa kewayawa Jump don bincika

Don wasu amfani, duba Philo (rashin fahimta).

Philo

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Wani kwatanci mai ban sha'awa na Philo ya yi a cikin 1584 da ɗan wasan Faransa André Thevet ya yi.

Haihuwa 20 KZ

Alexandria, Roman Masar

Diedc. 50 CEEra Tsohuwar Falsafa Yankin Roman Masar Makaranta

Platonism na tsakiya

Yahudanci na Hellenistic

Babban abubuwan sha'awa

Cosmology, falsafar addini

Sanannen ra'ayoyi

Tafsirin Attaura

Philo na Iskandariya ] masanin falsafa Bayahude ne wanda yake ya zauna a Alexandria, a lardin Romawa na Masar.

Abin da kawai ya faru a rayuwar Philo da za a iya tantance kwanan watan shi ne wakilcin Yahudawa Alexandria a cikin wata tawaga zuwa ga Sarkin Roma Caligula a cikin 40 AZ biyo bayan rikicin basasa tsakanin al'ummar Yahudawa da Girkanci na Iskandariya.[ 
Embassy to Gaius Antiquities xviii.8, § 1; comp. ib. xix.5, § 1; xx.5, § < Richlllll
Philo babban marubuci ne na al'ummar Yahudawan Helenanci a Alexandria, Masar. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa a cikin Koine Greek akan haɗakar falsafa, siyasa, da addini a zamaninsa; musamman, ya bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin falsafar Plato na Girkanci da kuma Yahudanci na Haikali na Biyu. Misali, ya ci gaba da cewa har ila yau suna haɓaka Harshen Hellenanci Septuagint da /ref>Dokar Yahudanci daga malaman zamanin tare suna zama wani tsari don neman wayewar kai.

Aiwatar da labarin Philo don daidaita nassin Yahudawa, musamman Attaura, tare da falsafar Girkanci shine farkon rubuce-rubucen irin sa, kuma galibi ana yin rashin fahimta. Yawancin masu sukar Philo sun ɗauka cewa hangen nesansa zai ba da tabbaci ga ra'ayin almara kan tarihi.Philo and the Names of God, JQR 22 (1931) pp. 295-306 Philo sau da yawa yana ba da shawarar fahimtar zahiri game da Attaura da tarihin irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka siffanta su, yayin da a wani lokaci kuma yana son karanta tatsuniyoyiDe Opificio Mundi, III.13, section regarding the necessity of the literal six days of creationa

 na waje

Rayuwa

Ba a san kwanakin haihuwar Philo da mutuwarsa ba amma ana iya tantance shi ta yadda Philo ya kwatanta kansa a matsayin “tsohuwa” lokacin da yake cikin tawagar Gaius Caligula a cikin 38 AD. Farfesan tarihi na Bayahude Daniel R. Schwartz  ya kiyasta shekarar haihuwarsa a tsakanin 15 zuwa 10 KZ. Maganar Philo game da wani abin da ya faru a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarki Claudius yana nuna cewa ya mutu a wani lokaci tsakanin 45 zuwa 50 AZ.Daniel R. Schwartz, "Philo, His Family, and His Times", in Kamesar (2009). Philo ya kuma ba da labarin cewa ya ziyarci Haikali na Biyu a Urushalima aƙalla sau ɗaya a rayuwarsa.On Providence 2.64

Iyali

Ko da yake ba a san sunayen iyayensa ba, an san cewa Philo ya fito ne daga dangi mai daraja, daraja da wadata. Ko dai mahaifinsa ko kakan mahaifinsa ne aka ba  zama ɗan ƙasar Roma daga shugaban mulkin kama-karya na Roma Gaius Julius Kaisar. Jerome ya rubuta cewa Philo ya zo de genere sacerdotum (daga dangin firist).[8][6 Kakanninsa da danginsa suna da alaƙar zamantakewa da alaƙa da firistoci a Yahudiya, daular Hasmonean, daular Herodian da daular Julio-Claudian On Providence 2.64 Roma.

Philo yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Alexander Lysimachus, wanda shine babban harajima'aikacin kwastam a Alexandria. Ya tara dukiya mai yawa, ya zama ba wai mutum mafi arziki a wannan birni ba har ma a dukan duniya na Hellenanci. Iskandari yana da wadata har ya ba da rance ga matar sarki Hirudus Agaribas, da zinariya da azurfa don ya lulluɓe ƙofofin tara na haikali a Urushalima. Saboda tsananin arzikinsa, Iskandari kuma yana da tasiri a cikin da'irar Romawa a matsayin abokin sarki Claudius.[9] Ta wurin Alexander, Philo yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Tiberius Julius Alexander da Marcus Julius Alexander. Na karshen shine mijin farko na gimbiya Hirudiya Berenice. Marcus ya mutu a shekara ta 43 ko 44. Wasu malaman sun bayyana Alexander Lysimachus a matsayin Iskandari da aka ambata a cikin littafin Ayyukan Manzanni, wanda ya jagoranci shari’ar Sanhedrin na Yohanna da Bitrus.[10]

Diflomasiya

Philo ya rayu ne a zamanin da ake ƙara samun tashin hankali na ƙabilanci a Iskandariya, wanda sabon tsauraran mulkin masarautar ya tsananta. Wasu ’yan gudun hijira Hellenes (Girkawa) a Iskandariya sun la’anci Yahudawa saboda haɗin kai da suka yi da Roma, kamar yadda Roma ke neman murkushe asalin ƙasa da al’adun Yahudawa a lardin Roma na Yahudiya.[11][6] A cikin abubuwan tarihi na Yahudawa, Josephus ya ba da labarin zaɓin Philo da al'ummar Yahudawan Iskandariya ta yi a matsayin babban wakilinsu a gaban Sarkin Roma Gaius Caligula. Ya ce Philo ya yarda ya wakilta Yahudawan Iskandariya game da rikice-rikicen da ya taso tsakanin Yahudawa da Helenawa. Josephus kuma ya gaya mana cewa Philo ya ƙware a falsafa kuma shi ɗan'uwa ne ga alabarch Alexander.[12] In ji Josephus, Philo da Yahudawa da yawa sun ƙi ɗaukan sarki a matsayin allah, gina mutum-mutumi don girmama sarki, da gina bagadai da haikali ga sarki. Josephus ya ce Philo ya gaskata cewa Allah ya goyi bayan wannan ƙin.