Vanga

Iyalin Vangidae (daga vanga, Malagasy don ƙugiya-billed vanga, Vanga curvirostris) ya ƙunshi rukuni na tsuntsaye masu yawan shrike-kamar matsakaicin girman da aka rarraba daga Asiya zuwa Afirka, gami da vangas na Madagascar wanda dangi ke bin su bashi. suna. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan dangi an riga an rarraba su a wasu wurare a cikin sauran iyalai. Dabarun kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan sun ba da damar sanya waɗannan nau'ikan ga Vangidae, ta haka ne za a warware wasu ƙa'idodin haraji. Iyalin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan 40 waɗanda aka raba zuwa nau'ikan 21.

 Haraji 
Bugu da ƙari ga ƙananan nau'in nau'in Malagasy da ake kira vangas a al'ada, Vangidae ya ƙunshi wasu kungiyoyin Asiya: woodshrikes (Tephrodornis), flycatcher-shrikes (Hemipus) da philentomas.Moyle, R.G., J. Cracraft, M. Lakim, J. Nais & F.H. Sheldon (2006), Reconsideration of the phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Bornean Bristlehead (Pityriasis gymnocephala), Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 39, 893–898.

Vangidae na cikin nau'in tsuntsaye masu tsini ne wanda kuma ya hada da bushshrikes (Malaconotidae), ioras (Aegithinidae) da kuma nama na Australiya, magpies da currawongs (Cracticidae) da woodswallows (Artamidae), wanda aka ayyana a matsayin superfamily Malaconotoidea.Cracraft, Joel, Barker F. Keith, Braun, Michael, Harshman, John, Dyke, Gareth J., Feinstein, Julie, Stanley, Scott, Cibois, Alice, Schikler, Peter, Beresford, Pamela, García-Moreno, Jaime, Sorenson, Michael D., Yuri, Tamaki, Mindell, David P. (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): toward an avian tree of life". In Cracraft J, Donoghue MJ (eds.). Assembling the tree of life. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 468–89. ISBN 0-19-517234-5. Suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da wasu ƙungiyoyin Afirka masu ban mamaki: helmetshrikes (Prionops) da masu shrike-flycatchers (Bias da Megabyas).Fuchs, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Fjeldsa, J. & Pasquet, E. (2004): Phylogenetic relationships of the African bush-shrikes and helmet-shrikes (Passeriformes: Malaconotidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33(2): 428–439.

 Bayyanawa 
Vangas misali ne na radiation mai daidaitawa, wanda ya samo asali daga mutane guda daya da suka kafa zuwa nau'i-nau'i iri-iri da suka dace da nau'o'i daban-daban da wasu iyalan tsuntsaye suke shagaltar da su a wasu sassan duniya. Sun bambanta da girma, launi da siffar lissafin amma suna kama da siffar kwanyar kai da tsarin faranta na kashi.Perrins, Christopher, ed. (2004) The New Encyclopedia of Birds, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Tsuntsaye ƙanana ne zuwa matsakaita, tsayin su daga cm 12 zuwa 32. Mutane da yawa suna da ƙaƙƙarfan lissafin kuɗi masu kama da na shrikes. Kwalkwali vanga yana da babban lissafin musamman tare da casque a saman. Sauran nau'in, irin su newtonias, suna da ɗan ƙaramin lissafin kuɗi. Vanga mai sikila ya shahara saboda dogon lissafin sa mai lankwasa da ake amfani da shi don bincike cikin ramuka da fasa.Sinclair, Ian & Olivier, Langrand (1998) Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands, Struik, Cape Town.

Yawancin vangas sun fi baƙar fata, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka a sama da fari a ƙasa. Banda sun haɗa da blue da fari blue vanga da blue-grey nuthatch vanga. Kwalkwali vanga galibi baƙar fata ne tare da ruffun baya. Vangas na Namiji Bernier baki ɗaya ne baki ɗaya yayin da mata suke launin ruwan kasa. Yana daga cikin nau'ikan.

Yawancin vangas suna da kiran busawa.

 Ɗabi'a 
Abincinsu na iya haɗawa da kwari, tsutsotsin ƙasa, milipedes, ɗigo da masu amphibians. Vanga blue da chabert vanga suna cin 'ya'yan itace lokaci-lokaci. Yawancin nau'ikan suna ciyarwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, galibi a cikin garken garken garken garken. Vanga mai ƙugiya da vanga na Lafresnaye suna son yin kiwo shi kaɗai. Vangas yana da dabaru daban-daban na kiwo. Yawancin nau'ikan suna tattara abinci yayin da suke tafiya cikin rassan. Nuthatch vanga yana hawa kututtuka da rassa kamar nuthatch amma ba ya hawa ƙasa kamar yadda nuthatches ke yi. Crossley's babbler yana ciyar da abinci ta hanyar tafiya tare da gandun daji a cikin dattin ganye. Chabert vanga da tylas vanga sukan tashi sama don kama ganima. Xenopirostris vangas guda uku suna amfani da takardar lissafinsu na gefe don cire haushin bishiyoyi don neman abinci a ƙarƙashinsa.Garbutt, Nick (2004) Different by design: the Vangas of Madagascar, in: Africa – Birds & Birding, 9: 28–34.

Yawancin nau'ikan gida biyu suna yin gida biyu, suna gina gida mai siffa ta kofi ta amfani da rassa, haushi, saiwoyi da ganye. Bangaren da ke da sikila yana yin hukunce-hukunce rukuni-rukuni kuma yana gina babban gida na sanduna.

 Manazarta 

Category: Tsuntsaye