Marie Laurencin

Marie Laurencin (31 ga Oktoba 1883 - 8 ga Yuni 1956) ƴar Faransa ce mai zane-zane kuma mai buga takardu. Ta zama muhimmiyar adadi a cikin Paris avant-garde a matsayin memba na Cubists da ke da alaƙa da Sashen Zinariya .

 Tarihin rayuwa 
An haifi Laurencin a birnin Paris,  inda mahaifiyarta ta tashe ta kuma ta zauna a can tsawon rayuwarta. A shekara ta 18, ta yi karatun zane-zane a Sèvres. Daga nan sai ta koma Paris kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta na fasaha a Académie Humbert, inda ta canza mayar da hankali ga zanen mai.
A farkon shekarun karni na 20, Laurencin ya kasance muhimmiyar adadi a cikin fararen hula na Paris. Wani memba na duka ƙungiyar Pablo Picasso, da Cubists da ke da alaƙa da Sashen Zinariya, kamar su Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri le Fauconnier, da Francis Picabia, suna nunawa tare da su a Salon des Indépendants (1910-1911) da Salon d'Automne (1911-1912), da Galeries Dalmau (1912) a baje kolin Cubist na farko a Spain. Ta shiga cikin soyayya da mawaki Guillaume Apollinaire, kuma sau da yawa ana gane ta a matsayin muse. Bugu da kari, Laurencin yana da muhimman alaƙa da Salon na Baƙo Amurka da marubucin lesbian Natalie Clifford Barney. Tana da dangantaka da maza da mata, [1] kuma fasaharta ta nuna rayuwarta, "balletic spirits" da "sidesaddle Amazons" suna ba da duniyar fasaha tare da alamar ta "queer femme with a Gallic twist. [2] Tana da dangantaka ta soyayya ta shekaru arba'in tare da mai tsara kayan ado Nicole Groult [fr]

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, Laurencin ta bar Faransa zuwa gudun hijira a Spain tare da mijinta ɗan Jamus, mai zane, Baron Otto von Waëtjen, tunda ta hanyar aurenta ta atomatik ta rasa 'yancin Faransa. Ma'auratan daga baya sun zauna tare na ɗan lokaci a Düsseldorf. Ta sha wahala sosai ta hanyar rabuwa da ita daga babban birnin Faransa, cibiyar da ba a taɓa gani ba ta kirkirar fasaha. Bayan sun sake aure a 1920, ta koma Paris, inda ta sami nasarar kudi a matsayin mai zane har zuwa matsalar tattalin arziki ta shekarun 1930. A cikin shekarun 1930 ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta. Ta zauna a Paris har zuwa mutuwarta.

 Ayyuka 
Ayyukan Laurencin sun haɗa da zane-zane, watercolors, zane-zane da bugawa. An san ta da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata masu zane-zane na Cubist, tare da Sonia Delaunay, Marie Vorobieff, da Franciska Clausen .  Duk da yake aikinta yana nuna tasirin masu zane-zane na Cubist Pablo Picasso da Georges Braque, wanda shine babban abokinta, ta haɓaka hanyar da ta dace da abstraction wanda sau da yawa ya shafi wakiltar kungiyoyin mata da dabbobi. Ayyukanta suna waje da iyakokin ka'idojin Cubist a cikin neman takamaiman kyawawan mata ta hanyar amfani da launuka da siffofi masu laushi. Asalin tasirin Fauvism, ta sauƙaƙa siffofinta ta hanyar tasirin masu zane-zane na Cubist. Daga 1910, ta palette ya kunshi mafi yawan launin toka, ruwan hoda, da sautunan pastel.

Halin ta na musamman ya bunkasa lokacin da ta dawo Paris a cikin shekarun 1920 bayan gudun hijira. An maye gurbin launuka masu saurin sauti da alamu na lissafi da aka gada daga Cubism da sautunan haske da abubuwan da ke motsawa. Alamarta ta sa hannu tana da alamun willowy, siffofin mata masu kyau, da kuma launuka masu laushi, suna haifar da duniya mai sihiri. Farfesa na tarihin fasaha Libby Otto ya ce, "Marie Laurencin tana daga cikin 'lipstick lesbian' iri-iri: Ta gina wannan duniyar mata mai laushi, wacce ke magana da masu kallo a lokacin. Kuma idan ka fahimci cewa, a hanyar taushi, tana gina duniya ba tare da maza ba, na jituwa ta mata, akwai wani abu mai kyau na juyin juya hali a can ma".

Laurencin ta ci gaba da bincika jigogi na mata da abin da ta dauka a matsayin nau'ikan wakilci na mata har zuwa mutuwarta. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da zane-zane, watercolors, zane-zane da bugawa.

 Tarin abubuwa 
Ana ganin nasarorin fasaha na Laurencin a cikin tarin a duniya. A ranar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwarta a 1983, an buɗe Musée Marie Laurencin a Nagano, Japan. Har zuwa yau, Musée Marie Laurencin shine kawai gidan kayan gargajiya a duniya wanda kawai ya ƙunshi fasahar mace mai zane. Wanda ya kafa Masahiro Takano ya yi sha'awar ra'ayi na duniya na Laurencin, kuma gidan kayan gargajiya yana da fiye da 600 na fasaha. 

Ana kuma samun aikin Laurencin a Gidan Tarihi na zamani a New York, Gidauniyar Barnes a Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihin Hermitage a St. Petersburg, da Tate Gallery a London. An kuma nuna aikinta a cikin tarin dindindin na Musée de l'Orangerie gallery a Paris, Faransa, inda wasu sanannun sassanta suka fi shahara.

A cikin 2023, Gidauniyar Barnes ta buɗe wani bita na aikin Laurencin, mai taken Marie Laurencin: Sapphic Paris . 

 Dubi kuma 

 Masu rawa na Mutanen Espanya, zane na Laurencin na 1921.

 Bayani 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Birnbaum, Paula J. Mata masu zane-zane a cikin Interwar Faransa: Framing Femininities, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2011.
 Fraquelli, Simonetta, da Kang, Cindy, eds. Marie Laurencin: Sapphic Paris, Barnes Foundation, 2023. Katalog zuwa nune-nunen da aka jera a ƙarƙashin hanyoyin haɗi na waje.
 Girma, Charlotte Marie Laurencin, London - Paris, Flammarion, 1977
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Marie Laurencin, Paris, Mercure na Faransa, 1987
 Ka yi la'akari da abin da za a iya yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka yi amfani da su. "Marie Laurencin: Wata Mace da ba ta dace ba" a cikin Tarihin Mata na Art Ashgate Publishing, 2003.
 Mataki, Daniel. [Hasiya] Kyuryudo da Paris, Hazan, 1981
 Mataki, Daniel. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. Kyuryudo, 1981
 Mataki, Daniel. Marie Laurencin, Catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre peint, 2 Vol. [Hasiya] Gidan kayan gargajiya na Marie Laurencin, 1985 da 1999
 Mataki, Daniel. Marie Laurencin, Ayyuka ɗari na gidan kayan gargajiya Marie Laurencin (Martigny), Gidauniyar Pierre Gianadda, 1993
 [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Gidan Tarihi na Marmottan Monet / Hazan, 2013

 Bitrus, Yusufu. [Hasiya]
 "Marie Laurencin". Artnet.com. Artnet. An samo shi a ranar 10 ga Maris 2021.
 "Tarihi". marielaurencin.jp. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Marie Laurencin An samo shi a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021.
 "Musee d'Orsay" musee-orangerie.fr. Taron Gidan Tarihi na Kasa - Grand Palais. An samo shi a ranar 10 ga Maris 2021.

 Tarihin Tarihi

 Asusun Marie Laurencin, Laburaren wallafe-wallafen Jacques Doucet, Jami'ar Paris

 Haɗin waje 



 Marie Laurencin Bio - Gidan shakatawa na Findlay
 Marielaurencin.com
 Gidan kayan gargajiya na Marie Laurencin, Japan.
 Artcyclopedia.com: Marie Laurencin
 Marie Laurencin: Nunin Sapphic na Paris a Gidauniyar Barnes, 22 ga Oktoba 2023 - 21 ga Janairu 2024. Binciken New York Times Art Herstory Binciken Broad StreetBinciken titin Broad

Rukuni:Haifaffun 1883