Rawya Ateya

Rawya Ateya ( Arabic   ; 19 Afrilu 1926 – 9 ga Mayu 1997) ‘yar kasar Masar ce wadda ta zama ‘yar majalisa ta farko a kasashen Larabawa a shekarar 1957.  

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Rawya Ateya a Giza Governorate a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 1926. Ta taso ne a cikin iyali mai son siyasa. Mahaifinta shi ne babban sakatare na jam'iyyar Wafd mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Gharbia, kuma ayyukansa na siyasa sun kai shi kurkuku. tun tana karama, kuma ta ji rauni a lokacin zanga-zangar kin jinin Biritaniya ta 1939.Ta ci gaba da karatunta zuwa wani wanda ya kasance sabon abu ga 'yan matan Masar a lokacin.Ta sami digiri na jami'a da yawa a fannoni daban-daban: lasisin wasiƙa daga Jami'ar Alkahira a 1947, difloma da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, digiri na biyu a aikin jarida da difloma a karatun Islama matsayin malami na tsawon shekaru 15 kuma tana da ɗan gajeren wa'adin watanni shida a matsayin ɗan jarida.

 Aikin soja 
A shekarar 1956, Ateya ta zama mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin jami'a a rundunar 'yantar da jama'a. Ta taka rawar gani sosai a yakin Suez, lokacin da Masar ta mamaye kasar Ingila da Faransa da Isra'ila . Ta taimaka wajen horar da mata 4,000 agajin farko da jinya a lokacin yakin.  Ateya ya rike mukamin kyaftin a sashin kwamandojin mata.  A lokacin Yaƙin Oktoba na 1973, ta shugabanci Ƙungiyar Iyalan Shahidai da Sojoji, wanda ya sa aka yi mata lakabi da "mahaifiyar mayakan da suka yi shahada."  Ta sami lambobin yabo na soja da yawa daga ƙasar Masar, musamman alamar Sojoji na Uku, Medallion na 6 Oktoba da lambar yabo ta sojojin. 

 Aikin majalisa 
Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser ya ba wa matan Masar haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a da cancantar zaɓen mukamai ta hanyar amincewa da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1956 . An gudanar da zaben farko a karkashin sabon kundin tsarin mulki a shekara mai zuwa, a ranar 3 ga Yulin 1957. Mata 16 ne kacal a fagen da suka fi 2,000. Kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a da aka gudanar a lokacin ta nuna cewa kashi 70% na mazan Masar na adawa da ra'ayin mata na zama a majalisar dokokin kasar.  Duk da haka, Ateya ta tsallake rijiya da baya inda ta samu kuri’u 110,807 a mazabarta.  An zabe ta daga birnin Alkahira a zagaye na biyu, ta bayyana irin tsananin son zuciya da ta fuskanta a lokacin inda ta ce: “Na ji haushin kasancewara mace, amma duk da haka na yi magana da su na tunatar da su matan Annabi da iyalansa har sai da suka canza ra’ayinsu.  Bugu da ƙari ga irin waɗannan gardama na addini, ta yi amfani da kwarewar soja a matsayin kadari na siyasa.  Nasarar Ateya ta kasance mafi mahimmanci tun lokacin da abokin hamayyarta a zaben ya kasance lauya mai ra'ayin gurguzu kuma ma'aikacin banki Ahmed Fuad, aminin shugaba Nasser. 

Ateya ta hau kujerarta a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a ranar 14 ga Yuli 1957. Ko da yake an zabi wata mace ( Amina Shukri ) a zaben 1957, an sanar da nasararta ne a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli, wanda hakan ya sa Ateya ta zama 'yar majalisa ta farko a Masar da ma sauran kasashen Larabawa . A lokacin zamanta a majalisar dokoki, Ateya ta jajirce wajen kare hakkin mata . Ko da yake yawancin 'yan majalisar wakilai daga gundumomin birane irin su Alkahira da Alexandria sun goyi bayan, waɗannan dokokin sun kasance masu adawa sosai daga 'yan majalisar da ke wakiltar yankunan karkara kuma ba su zartar ba. Bayan ta ziyarci manyan kasashe masu ra'ayin gurguzu da masu ra'ayin gurguzu na lokacin irin su China, Indiya, Tarayyar Soviet da Czechoslovakia, ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Na ga Rasha, amma ina tsammanin zan so Masar ta zama kamar Amurka Ta bayyana a fili cewa tana son Amurka da shugabanta Dwight D. Eisenhower, matsayin da aka kai mata hari. Duk da haka, ta yi nasarar kawar da wannan suka saboda tsananin goyon bayanta ga shugaba Nasser, wanda ta bayyana a matsayin "kyakkyawa". 

Nasarar da Ateya ta samu a shekarar 1957 bai dade ba: bayan shekaru biyu, ta yi rashin nasara a yunkurinta na sake tsayawa takara. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da aiki, musamman yin hidima a hukumar Red Crescent .  Shekaru 25 bayan faduwa zabe, Ateya ta yi nasarar farfado da aikinta na majalisar dokoki. Mai bin tafarkin dimokaradiyya, an zabe ta a Majalisar Jama'a a 1984 a karkashin tutar jam'iyyar National Democratic Party .  Ta jagoranci Majalisar Jama'a da Iyali na Giza a 1993.  Ateya ya rasu a shekarar 1997 yana da shekaru 71 a duniya.

 Gado 
Ana daukar Rawya Ateya a matsayin mace ta farko a tarihin Masar da Larabawa. A watan Disambar 2007, an gudanar da wani biki a majalisar dokokin Masar domin murnar cika shekaru 50 da nasarar zaben Ateya.  Bikin ya samu halartar Lateefa Al Gaood daga Bahrain, wacce ta zama 'yar majalisar wakilai ta farko a yankin Gulf na Farisa, da Nada Haffadh kuma 'yar kasar Bahrain kuma mace ta farko a majalisar ministocin kasar. 

 Magana 

Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997
Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926