Tarabai Shinde

Tarabai Shinde (1850-1910)  ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata wacce ta nuna rashin amincewa da shugabanci da kabilanci a karni na 19 a Indiya. An san ta da aikin da ta wallafa, Stri Purush Tulana ("A Comparison Between Women and Men"), wanda aka buga a Marathi a 1882. Littafin yana sukar kabilanci da shugabanci, kuma galibi ana daukar shi a matsayin rubutun mata na Indiya na zamani na farko. Ya kasance mai kawo rigima sosai ga lokacinsa wajen kalubalantar nassoshin addinin Hindu da kansu a matsayin tushen zaluncin mata, ra'ayi wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa mai kawo rigakafi da muhawara a yau.Ta kasance memba na Satyashodhak Samaj .

 Rayuwa ta farko da iyali 
An haife ta a cikin iyalin Marathi a cikin shekara ta 1850 ga Bapuji Hari Shinde a Buldhana, Lardin Berar, a cikin Maharashtra na yanzu, ta kasance memba mai kafa Satyashodhak Samaj, Pune . Mahaifinta ya kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma babban magatakarda a ofishin Mataimakin Kwamishinan Haraji, ya kuma buga littafi mai taken, "Hint to the Educated Natives" a cikin 1871. Babu makarantar 'yan mata a yankin. Tarabai ita ce kawai 'yar da mahaifinta ya koya wa Marathi, Sanskrit da Ingilishi. Tana kuma da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu. Tarabai ta yi aure tun tana ƙarama, amma an ba ta 'yanci a cikin gida fiye da sauran matan Marathi na lokacin tun lokacin da mijinta ya koma gidan iyayenta.

 Ayyukan zamantakewa 
Shinde ta kasance abokiyar masu fafutukar zamantakewar al'umma Jotirao da Savitribai Phule; duka miji da matarsu kuma sun kasance memba ne na kafa kungiyar Satyashodhak Samaj ("Al'ummar Binciken Gaskiya"). Phules sun raba tare da Shinde da wayar da kan jama'a game da bambance-bambance daban-daban na zalunci wanda ya zama jinsi da matsayi, da kuma yanayin da ke tattare da su biyu.

 "Stri Purush Tulana" 
Tarabai Shindes shahararren aikin wallafe-wallafen shine "Stri Purush Tulana".A cikin rubutunta, Shinde ta soki rashin daidaito na zamantakewar al'umma, da kuma ra'ayoyin shugabanci na wasu masu gwagwarmaya waɗanda suka ga al'umma a matsayin babban nau'in adawa a cikin al'ummar Hindu. A cewar Susie Tharu da K. Lalita, "...Stri Purush Tulana tabbas ita ce ta farko da ta fara fitowa kuma ta kasance mai jituwa bayan waƙoƙin zamanin Bhakti. Amma aikin Tarabai ma yana da mahimmanci saboda a lokacin da masu ilimi da masu fafutuka suka fi damuwa da wahalar rayuwar gwauruwar Hindu da sauran abubuwan da za a iya ganewa da aka yi wa mata, Tarabai Shinde, a bayyane tana aiki a ware, ta iya fadada ikon yin nazarin abubuwan da ba a ko'ida ba.

An rubuta Stri Purush Tulana ne don mayar da martani ga wani labarin da ya bayyana a 1881, a Pune Vaibhav, wata jarida ta Orthodox da aka buga daga Pune, game da shari'ar aikata laifuka a kan wata matashiya gwauruwa ta Brahmin, Vijayalakshmi a Surat, wacce aka yanke mata hukuncin kisan ɗanta na banza saboda tsoron kunya da warewa kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin rataye shi (daga baya aka yi kira kuma an gyara shi zuwa sufuri don rayuwa).[1][2][3] Bayan ya yi aiki tare da gwauraye masu daraja waɗanda aka hana su sake yin aure, Shinde ya san abubuwan da suka faru na gwauraye da dangi ke ciki. Littafin ya yi nazarin yadda mata ke tafiya tsakanin "mace mai kyau" da "karuwanci". An buga littafin a Shri Shivaji Press, Pune, a cikin 1882 tare da kwafin 500 a farashin shekaru tara, amma karɓar ƙiyayya ta al'umma da manema labarai na zamani, yana nufin cewa ba ta sake bugawa ba.[4][5] Duk da haka, Jyotirao Phule, wani shahararren mai gyara zamantakewar Marathi, wanda ya kira Tarabai chiranjivini (ƙaunatacciyar 'yar) kuma ya ba da shawarar littafinta ga abokan aiki. An ambaci aikin a cikin fitowar ta biyu ta Satsar, mujallar Satyashodhak Samaj, wanda Jyotiba Phule ya fara a 1885, duk da haka bayan haka aikin ya kasance ba a san shi ba har zuwa 1975, lokacin da aka sake gano shi kuma aka sake bugawa

 Dubi kuma 

 Jyotirao Phule, wani mai juyin juya hali wanda ya yi yaƙi don haƙƙin mata da Dalits.
 Savitribai Phule, Matar Jyotirao Phule, kuma mai gyara zamantakewa.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Haihuwar 1850
Rukuni:Mutuwan 1910