Swahili door

Kofar Swahili
Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta
Ƙofar Swahili ko Ƙofar Zanzibari (Swahili Mlango wa Kiswahili) kofa ce da aka haɓaka a gabar tekun Swahili lokacin tsakiyar zamanai kuma ta kai kololuwa a ƙarni na 19. Ƙofar galibi ita ce ta farko kuma mafi mahimmanci na gine-ginen Swahili kuma ita ce abu na farko a tarihi da aka gina kafin sauran gida.

 Tarihi 

Ana samun tsoffin kofofin Swahili tare da gabar tekun Gabashin Afirka daga tsibirin Mozambique zuwa arewacin gabar tekun Kenya musamman a tsoffin biranen Swahili da garuruwa irin su Bagamoyo, Mikindani, Mombasa, Malindi, Lamu, Tanga da Zanzibar. Mafi girman taro na sauran kofofin yana cikin Zanzibar City. Ana samun mafi girman kofofi tare da fassarorin zane-zane a cikin birnin Zanzibar. An yi la'akari da kofofin a matsayin alamar matsayi da daraja ga iyalai masu hannu da shuni na Swahili masu hannu da shuni musamman a cikin tsoffin sassan Zanzibar suna samun girma mai ban sha'awa ta fuskar girma da cikakkun bayanai. Nisa daga tsohuwar tsakiyar birni salon da fa'ida yana raguwa zuwa ƙofofin Swahili mafi sauƙi. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_door#cite_note-1

Gallery
Ƙofar Swahili a Tabora, Tanzania
Ƙofar Swahili a Tabora, Tanzania

Door Swahili, Mikindani, Tanzania
Door Swahili, Mikindani, Tanzania
Cikakkun bayanai na sarkar sarka akan ƙofar Swahili
Cikakkun bayanai na sarkar sarka akan ƙofar Swahili

Ƙofar Swahili a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa Tanzaniya.
Ƙofar Swahili a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa Tanzaniya.

Cikakkun matakan ƙarfe a ƙofar Swahili
Cikakkun matakan ƙarfe a ƙofar Swahili
Tsarin

Ƙofofin Zanzibari na gargajiya sun kasu kashi bakwai na asali. An raba firam ɗin zuwa ginshiƙan gefe biyu a tsaye tare da lintel mai nauyi a saman. Bangarorin biyu suna yin ƙofofin tare da babban madaidaicin matsayi a haɗe zuwa ƙofofin daga lintel zuwa bakin kofa. Ƙofar ƙaƙƙarfan katako mai tsayi 15 zuwa 20 centimeters daga bene da ke kan gindin tsarin. Bangarorin da suka fi dacewa da kayan ado su ne firam ɗin kofa da lintel.[Abinda ake buƙata] Ƙofofin da kansu ba a sassaƙa su ba, maimakon haka, an yi su a kwance da matakan ƙarfe da aka saba yi da Brass ko simintin ƙarfe mai tsayin santimita bakwai. Ana sanya waɗannan haɗin gwiwa tare da shida ko takwas a kowane gefen ƙofar galibi ana yin tsinkaya daga sansannin tagulla da aka ƙulla. Wani lokaci ana ƙara waɗannan matakan zuwa wurin cibiyar duk da haka, waɗannan sun fi girma fiye da waɗanda ke kan bangarorin ƙofa. Itacen da ake sassaƙa kofofi mafi tsada an shigo da tak daga waje.James De Vere Allen. “Swahili Architecture in the Later Middle Ages.” African Arts, vol. 7, no. 2, UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center, 1974, pp. 42–84, https://doi.org/10.2307/3334723.

An yi kofofin gargajiya daga ebony na Afirka, duk da haka, kwanan nan an sassaƙa kofofin daga mango da itacen jackfruit. Zane-zanen Swahili na ƙofofin ƙofofi da sassaƙaƙe sun kasu kashi biyu; firam ɗin na gargajiya na rectangular da na baya a cikin ƙarni na 19 an bambanta su da ginshiƙai. Salon al'ada yana da ƙarin geometric kuma ana ɗaukarsa yana da ƙarin siffofin riga-kafi na Musulunci. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin salon gargajiya galibi su ne itacen turare, magarya, rosette, sarka, dabino, da kifi. A cikin ƙofofi na al'ada, galibi ana sanya motif ɗin rosettes a tsakiyar gidan da tazara a fadin lintel. Ana sanya kayan ado na sarkar a cikin waje ko ciki-frame. Tushen kifi kusan koyaushe yana kan gindin kowane madogaran gefe. Tsarin al'ada sau da yawa yana amfani da yanke mai zurfi don ƙarfafa rana mai motsi yayin rana. Cibiyar lintel a cikin nau'i na rectangular da arched yawanci yana da rubutun Larabci. Akwai zance daga nassi na Kur'ani, ranar da aka kammala kofa, ko farkon mai shi da/ko sunansa.http://www.jstor.org/stable/23321045.

Kowace kofa ta Swahili tana da suna daban-daban gefen dama ana kiranta mlango dume ma'ana kofa namiji kuma kofar hagu ana kiranta mlango jike ma'ana kofar mace. Ƙofofin da ba a iya gani ba sun bayyana a cikin karni na 19 kuma suna da ƙarin nau'o'in fure-fure masu lankwasa da nau'in furanni masu nuna sha'awar Indiya yayin da ƙarin baƙi Indiya suka shiga Gabashin Gabashin Afirka a lokacin. Salon kofofi na Indiyawa sun fi salon baroque kuma rococo ya maye gurbin sarkar da beads a kan firam ɗin ƙofofin kuma kifi ya zama gilashin gilashi tare da inabi. An rufe lintel da ƙarin nau'ikan kurangar inabi duk da haka suna riƙe buɗewar Swahili a cikin ƙirar. A yau ƙofofin Zanzibar da yawa suna haɗu da salon al'ada da na Indiyawan suna haɗuwa da juna a sassa daban-daban na ƙofar.Fleisher, Jeffrey, and Stephanie Wynne-Jones. “Finding Meaning in Ancient Swahili Spatial Practices.” The African Archaeological Review, vol. 29, no. 2/3, Springer, 2012, pp. 171–207, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23321045.
Manazarta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_door#cite_ref-2

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_door#cite_ref-6