Amoebiasis

Amoebiasis, ko amoebic dysentery, kamuwa ne na hanji wanda ya haifar da amoeba mai cutar Entamoeba histolytica. {{Cite web |date=29 December 2021 |title=General Information  Amebiasis  Parasites  CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/amebiasis/general-info.html |access-date=13 September 2022 Amoebiasis na iya kasancewa ba tare da a'a, mai sauƙi, ko alamomi masu tsanani ba. Alamomin na iya haɗawa da barci, asarar nauyi, cututtukan hanji, Ciwon ciki, zawo, ko zubar da jini.  Matsalar na iya haɗawa da kumburi da ulceration na hanji tare da mutuwar nama ko perforation, wanda zai iya haifar da peritonitis.[3] Rashin jini na iya tasowa saboda zubar da jini na ciki na dogon lokaci.[3]
Cysts na Entamoeba na iya rayuwa har zuwa wata daya a cikin ƙasa ko har zuwa minti 45 a ƙarƙashin yatsunsu. Rashin mamayewar hanji yana haifar da zubar da jini.[1] Idan kwayar cutar ta kai ga jini za ta iya yaduwa ta jiki, galibi tana ƙare a cikin hanta inda za ta iya haifar da cututtukan hanta.[1] Absen Hanci na iya faruwa ba tare da zawo na baya ba.[1] Ana yin ganewar asali ta hanyar binciken turare ta amfani da microscopy, amma yana iya zama da wahala a rarrabe E. hystolitica daga wasu nau'ikan entamoeba marasa lahani."General Information | Amebiasis | Parasites | CDC".  Ƙarin ƙwayoyin farin jini na iya kasancewa a cikin mawuyacin hali.[1] Gwajin da ya fi dacewa shine gano takamaiman magungunan rigakafi a cikin jini, amma yana iya kasancewa mai kyau bayan magani.[1] Kwayar cuta ta iya haifar da irin wannan alamun.[1]

Rigakafin amoebiasis shine ta hanyar inganta tsabta, gami da raba abinci da ruwa daga turare. Babu allurar rigakafi.[1] Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan magani guda biyu dangane da wurin kamuwa da cuta.[1] Ana kula da Amoebiasis a cikin kyallen takarda tare da ko dai metronidazole, tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, dehydroemetine ko chloroquine. Ana kula da kamuwa da cutar luminal tare da diloxanide furoate ko Iodoquinoline . [1] Kyakkyawan magani akan dukkan matakai na cutar na iya buƙatar haɗuwa da magunguna.[1] Ana iya magance cututtukan da ba su da alamomi tare da maganin rigakafi guda ɗaya, kuma ana kula da cututtuken da ke da alamomi da maganin rigwa guda biyu."General Information | Amebiasis | Parasites | CDC". 

Amoebiasis yana nan a duk faɗin duniya,  kodayake yawancin lokuta suna faruwa a kasashe masu tasowa.  Kimanin mutane miliyan 480 a halin yanzu suna kamuwa da cutar tare da kimanin sabbin mutane miliyan 40 a kowace shekara tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan yana haifar da mutuwar tsakanin mutane 40,000-100,000 a kowace shekara.Carrero JC, Reyes-López M, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M, Unzueta J, León-Sicairos N, de la Garza M (January 2020).  An rubuta shari'ar farko ta amoebiasis a cikin shekara  ta 1875. A cikin shekara ta1891, an bayyana cutar dalla-dalla, wanda ya haifar da kalmomin amoebic dysentery da amoebic hanta abscess.[3] Ƙarin shaidu daga Philippines a cikin shekara ta 1913 sun gano cewa a kan haɗiye cysts na E. histolytica masu sa kai sun ci gaba da cutar.[3]

Alamomi

Yawancin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar, kusan kashi 90%, suna da asymptomatic, amma wannan cuta tana da yuwuwar yin tsanani. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane 40,000 zuwa 100,000 a duniya ke mutuwa a duk shekara saboda amoebiasis.[4] 

Ciwon cututtuka na iya wucewa na tsawon shekaru idan babu magani. Alamun suna ɗaukar daga ƴan kwanaki zuwa wasu makonni don haɓakawa da bayyana kansu, amma yawanci yana kusan makonni biyu zuwa huɗu. Alamun na iya kamawa daga zawo mai laushi zuwa ciwon ciki mai jini, haɗe da zafin ciki mai tsanani. Matsalolin karin hanji kuma na iya tasowa sakamakon kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta wanda ya hada da colitis, hanta, huhu, ko kurajen kwakwalwa.[9] Jinin yana fitowa ne daga raunukan zub da jini da amoebae suka haifar da mamaye rufin hanjin. A cikin kusan kashi 10% na masu kamuwa da cutar amoebae suna shiga cikin jini kuma suna iya tafiya zuwa wasu gabobin jiki. Mafi yawanci wannan yana nufin hanta,[10] saboda a nan ne jini daga hanji ya fara zuwa, amma yana iya zuwa kusan ko'ina a cikin jiki.

Lokacin farawa yana canzawa sosai kuma matsakaicin kamuwa da cutar asymptomatic yana dawwama sama da shekara guda. An yi la'akari da cewa rashin bayyanar cututtuka ko ƙarfin su na iya bambanta da irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar nau'in amoeba, amsawar rigakafi na mai gida, da kuma yiwuwar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Dalilai
Watsawa

Amoebiasis yawanci ana kamuwa da ita ta hanyar fecal-baki,[9] amma kuma ana iya yaduwa ta kai tsaye ta hanyar tuntuɓar hannaye ko abubuwa masu ƙazanta da kuma ta hanyar taɓar baki. Kamuwa da cuta yana yaduwa ta hanyar shigar da nau'in cyst na parasite, tsarin da ba shi da ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ake samu a cikin najasa. Duk wani nau'in amoebae, ko trophozoites, yana mutuwa da sauri bayan barin jiki amma kuma yana iya kasancewa a cikin stool: waɗannan ba safai ba ne tushen sabbin cututtuka.[9] Tun da amoebiasis yana yaduwa ta hanyar gurɓataccen abinci da ruwa, galibi yana yaɗuwa a yankuna na duniya waɗanda ke da ƙayyadaddun tsarin tsaftar muhalli na zamani, waɗanda suka haɗa da Mexico, Amurka ta Tsakiya, Yammacin Amurka ta Kudu, Kudancin Asiya, yamma da Kudancin Afirka.[14] 

Amoebic dysentery wani nau'i ne na gudawa na matafiyi,[15] ko da yake mafi yawan zawowar matafiyi na bakteriya ne ko kuma asalinsu. 

Manazarta