Dot Cleminshaw

Dorothy Cleminshaw ( née Mullany ; 15 Satumban shekarar 1922 - 18 Disamban shekarar 2011) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a na Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata . Mamba ce a jam'iyyar Liberal Party ta Afirka ta Kudu, ta kasance fitacciyar mace a cikin Black Sash a Western Cape, wanda aka sani musamman don bincike da bayar da shawarwari game da tsare-tsaren siyasa, 'yancin zubar da ciki, da ƙin yarda da lamiri .

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Cleminshaw a Cape Town a ranar 15 ga Satumban shekarar 1922.  Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ta yi karatun digiri daga Makarantar Ellerslie a Sea Point . Ta ci gaba da halartar Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta kammala karatun digiri tare da digiri na farko a fannin fasaha . 

 Ayyukan aiki da bincike 
Cleminshaw ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare yayin da take halartar jami'a kuma ta kasance sakatariya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro a Pretoria a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .  Bayan kawo karshen yakin, ita da mijinta sun rike mukaman shugabanci a reshen Cape Town na Torch Commando, tare da shiga zanga-zangar da Ƙungiyar ta yi na nuna adawa da kudurin dokar wariyar launin fata na gwamnatin wariyar launin fata .   Ta zama memba mai ƙwazo a ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin farar hula da jam'iyyar Liberal Party ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta shiga cikin asusun tsaro da agaji ; ta ci gaba da bin wannan aiki iri-iri, tare da iyalan fursunonin siyasa, ta hanyar Black Sash, wanda ta shiga cikin 1963.  

Ayyukan Cleminshaw daga baya sun haɗa da yin aiki a Cibiyar Harkokin Race, a Kwalejin Zonnebloem, da kuma Majalisar Harkokin Ilimi ta Afirka ta Kudu a karkashin Bill Hoffenberg .  Ko da yake ba ta musamman addini kanta,  ta kuma shiga cikin Cibiyar Kirista .  Baya ga goyon bayanta ga fursunonin siyasa, an san ta da bincike da bayar da shawarwari game da dokokin wariyar launin fata, 'yancin zubar da ciki, da kuma Kamfen Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ƙarshe .   An kama ta a lokuta da yawa, ciki har da a matsayin shaida a gaban Hukumar Schlebusch ta 1972 da kuma mai rarrabawa, tare da Reverend David Russell, na wani rahoto mai cike da takaddama na 1977 kan zaluncin 'yan sanda a Nyanga . 

A ƙarshen 1977, Cleminshaw da mijinta suna hutu a Amurka da Biritaniya lokacin da aka kashe ɗan gwagwarmaya ɗan Afirka ta Kudu Steve Biko a tsare 'yan sanda; Cleminshaw ya yi jawabi ga masu sauraro a kasashen biyu don wayar da kan jama'a game da mace-mace a tsare a Afirka ta Kudu .  A cikin 1981, an yanke mata hukuncin mallakar haramtaccen tarin rubutun Biko, Na rubuta abin da nake so ; ta yi wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a kurkukun Pollsmoor kafin a soke hukuncin da aka yanke mata. 

Bayan kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata, Cleminshaw ya shiga cikin rukunin Aiki mai zaman kansa kan ramuwa da kuma faffadan kamfen na ramuwa ga wadanda aka ci zarafin dan Adam na zamanin wariyar launin fata .  A shekara ta 2003, ta shaida wa jaridar Mail &amp; Guardian cewa ta yi adawa da a yi wa masu irin wannan cin zarafi afuwa gaba daya, tana mai cewa, "Wataƙila da a gurfanar da mu a gaban kuliya irin ta Nuremberg, kuma a gurfanar da masu laifin a gaban kotu". 

 Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa 
A cikin 1950s, ta auri Harry Cleminshaw, wanda ya riga ya rasu. Sun haifi 'ya'ya da jikoki.  Wani babban tiyatar baya ya raunana ta a wani bangare bayan 1982,  amma ta ci gaba da fafutuka da kuma buga abubuwan tunawa da kanta na shigar da ta yi a cikin yaki da ‘yan sanda, zaluncin ‘yan sanda, da yakin neman zubar da ciki. 

Ta zauna a Newlands, Cape Town har lokacin da ta tsufa, ta ƙaura don zama tare da ɗanta da surukanta.  Ta rasu a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2011 bayan doguwar jinya..

 Girmamawa 
A cikin 2002,  Cleminshaw ta karɓi Jagorar Kimiyyar Jama'a ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Cape Town saboda gudummawarta ga bayar da shawarwarin haƙƙin ɗan adam.  A cikin 2010, shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Jacob Zuma ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Luthuli a Azurfa "saboda kyakkyawar gudunmawar da ta bayar wajen gwagwarmayar samar da daidaito, adalci da dimokuradiyya,".

 Magana 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Dot Cleminshaw Tarin Takardu a Jami'ar Cape Town Libraries
Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011