Birch Island Run

Birch Island Run, rafi ne a cikin kasar Cameron  da  koma kasar Clinton County, Pennsylvania a Amurka . Yana da wani tributar y na West Branch Susquehanna River kuma yana da 7.2 miles (11.6  tsawo. Akwai wasu sassan kwal a cikin Birch Island Run, da kuma ma'adinin ƙarfe. An yi hakar ma'adinai a cikin ruwa. Rashin ruwa yana da murabba'in kilomita 15.3 a yankin kuma kusan dukkanin gandun daji ne. Kogin ya hada da Little Birch Island Run da Amos Branch . Sassan ruwa suna shafar ruwa na acid mine. Koyaya, kogin kogin yana zaune a cikin rafin.

 Hanyar da ake ciki 
Birch Island Run ya fara ne a Garin Grove, a cikin Cameron County. Yana gudana a ɗan gajeren nesa kudu maso gabas kafin ya fita daga Cameron County kuma ya shiga Clinton County. A cikin Clinton County, rafin ya shiga West Keating Township kuma ya ci gaba da kudu maso gabas ta hanyar gandun daji na jihar Sproul. Yana karɓar reshen Amos mai ba da gudummawa kusa da tsakiyar yankin West Keating Township. Yayin da rafin ke ci gaba da kudu maso gabas, kwarin yana ci gaba da zurfafawa. Yana gudana bayan ma'adanai da yawa kuma yana karɓar Little Birch Island Run a cikin mil 1.2 (1.9  daga bakinsa. Birch Island Run ya kwarara cikin West Branch Susquehanna River a kan iyaka tsakanin Clinton County da Center County, kusa da hanyar jirgin kasa ta Conrail.

 Haraji 
Wadanda aka ba da suna na Birch Island Run sun haɗa da Amos Branch da Little Birch Island run .  Har ila yau, akwai wasu magudanan da ba a san su ba zuwa rafin.

 Ilimin ruwa 
Rashin Manganese na yau da kullun a Birch Island Run shine fam 17.5 (7.9  shafin BIR01, wanda yake a wurin haɗuwa da Little Birch Island run da Birch Island running da fam 17.4 (7.9 kilo) a shafin yanar gizon BIR02, wanda ke kusa da bakin rafin. Nauyin acidity shine fam 948.5 (430.2  kowace rana a BIR01, fam 1,254.7 (569.1  kowace ƙasa a BIR0, da kuma fam 238.4 (108.1  a kowace rana a shafin BIR03, wanda yake a wurin haɗuwa da Amos Branch da Birch Island Run .  Adadin sulfates yana ƙasa da milligrams 20 a kowace lita a saman Birch Island Run. Koyaya, wani rafi da ba a san shi ba wanda ke fuskantar magudanar acid kuma yana da gudummawa na Little Birch Island Run yana da sulfate mai yawa na milligrams 255 a kowace lita. pH na wannan ba a san sunansa ba ya kasance daga 3.9 zuwa 4.2. A bakin Little Birch Island Run, sulfate taro shine 40 milligrams a kowace lita kuma taro a bakin Birch Island run shine 25 milligrames a kowace lita.

A kan Little Birch Island Run, a shafin LBIR01, wanda ke kusa da bakinsa, nauyin yau da kullun na aluminum shine fam 26.1 (11.8  kuma nauyin yau da kullum na manganese shine fam 21.2 (9.6 . Nauyin yau da kullun na acidity shine fam 955.1 (433.2  a LBIR01 da fam 124.9 (56.7  a shafin LBIR02.

Rashin Birch Island Run a inda ya haɗu da Amos Branch shine galan 1548 a minti daya. Rashin shi ne lita 5881.43 a minti daya a inda ya haɗu da Little Birch Island Run. A bakin Birch Island Run, fitarwa shine galan a minti daya.

A haɗuwar Amos Run da Birch Island Run, pH na ƙarshen ya kasance daga 4.9 zuwa 6.2 a cikin 2002, tare da matsakaicin 5.3. A wurin haɗuwa da Little Birch Island Run tare da Birch Island run, pH na ƙarshe ya kasance daga 4.7 zuwa 5.7, tare da matsakaicin 5.1. A bakin rafin, pH ya kasance daga 4.8 zuwa 5.5, tare da matsakaicin 5.1 .  A saman Birch Island Run, pH yana da ƙarancin halitta, sabanin kasancewa ƙasa saboda zubar da acid. Matsayin alkalinity na sassan sama na rafin yana da ƙasa.

Akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda biyu a cikin Birch Island Run. Dukansu suna fitowa cikin Little Birch Island Run a cikin mil 1.5 (2.4  daga bakinsa.

 Rashin ruwa 
Birch Island Run ruwa ruwa yafi yawa a kudu maso yammacin Clinton County. Koyaya, ƙaramin yanki yana cikin kudu maso gabashin Cameron County. Yawancin ruwa suna da gandun daji kuma suna da nisa daga ci gaba. A takamaiman, kashi 95% na ƙasar ruwa tana da gandun daji. Akwai wasu ma'adanai da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin ruwa, da kuma wasu wuraren zama tare da Keating Road. Hakanan akwai sansanoni a yankin.

Birch Island Run ruwa yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 15.3. Daga cikin wadannan, murabba'in kilomita 6.6 suna cikin ruwa na Little Birch Island Run. Ofishin Amos mai ba da gudummawa yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 2.3.

Gidajen daji na Jiha sun mamaye mafi yawan arewacin Birch Island Run. Yankunan Wasanni na Jiha sun mamaye wasu sassan kudancin ruwa. Yankunan hakar ma'adinai da aka watsar galibi suna cikin yankunan kudanci da gabashin ruwa.

 Yanayin ƙasa da ilimin ƙasa 
Tushen ruwa na Birch Island Run yana da tsawo na  . Bakin yana da tsawo na 800 feet (240 . Kogin yana cikin filin Appalachian .  Rashin ruwa yana cikin taswirar Snow Shoe Northwest USGS quadrant.

Akwai magungunan kwal da yawa a cikin Birch Island Run. An san su da Lower Kittanning, Middle Kittanning da Upper Kittanning. Yawancin duwatsu a cikin ruwa sun fito ne daga zamanin Pennsylvania ko Mississippi. Duwatsu daga zamanin Mississippian sun haɗa da Huntley Mountain Formation da Burgoon Sandstone . Duwatsu daga zamanin Pennsylvania sun haɗa da Tsarin Pottsville da Tsarin Allegheny .  Hakanan ana samun Ma'adinin ƙarfe a cikin ruwa.

Hanyar Clearfield-McIntyre tana cikin Birch Island Run. Yana gudana a arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma, yana wucewa ta haɗuwar Little Birch Island Run da Birch Island run. Gidan Chestnut Ridge-Wellsboro yana gudana kusa da asalin Birch Island Run . 

 Tarihi 
A cikin 1835, Samuel Grove ya ziyarci Birch Island Run na makonni da yawa. Ya nemi azurfa a yankin ba tare da nasara ba.

An haƙa wasu sassan Birch Island Run. An bayar da izini da yawa don hakar ma'adinai. Koyaya, babu wani hakar ma'adinai a cikin ruwa tun daga shekarun 1980. An tattauna TMDL don rafin a fili a Clearfield a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2004. 

A cikin shekara ta 2010, an halicci wani yanki na 135-acre na ciyawa a wani bangare a cikin Little Birch Island Run ruwa a matsayin mazaunin elk.

 Ilimin halittu 
Akwai kogin kogin da ke zaune a wasu rafi a cikin Birch Island Run, gami da Birch Island run kanta. A cikin 1915, an lura da jimlar 1000 na kogi a cikin rafin. Dukkanin koguna a cikin ruwa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin kifi na ruwan sanyi mai inganci. Kusan dukkanin nau'ikan kifi a cikin ruwa sune kogin kogin. Koyaya, an sami scuplins da yawa a cikin ƙananan rafin. An kuma lura da karamin bass a kusa da bakin rafin.

Mayflies da stoneflies sune macroinvertebrates da ake samu a Birch Island Run . 

 Dubi kuma 

 Jerin koguna na Pennsylvania

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba