UEFA Champions League

Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA (wanda aka fi sani da UEFA Champions League, wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin UCL, ko kuma wani lokacin, UEFA CL) gasa ce ta shekara-shekara ta Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Turai, suna yanke shawarar masu cin nasara ta hanyar zagaye na rukuni don samun cancanta ga tsarin ƙwararrun ƙafa biyu, da ƙwararrun kafa ɗaya. Ita ce gasar kulob din da aka fi kallo a duniya kuma ta uku da aka fi kallon gasar kwallon kafa gabaɗaya, bayan gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA da gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA. Yana daya daga cikin manyan wasannin kwallon kafa a duniya kuma babbar gasa ce a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai, wacce 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa suka buga (kuma, ga wasu kasashe, daya ko fiye da masu tseren) na kungiyoyinsu na kasa.

An gabatar da shi a shekarar 1955 a matsayin Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens (Faransanci don Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens), kuma an fi sani da Kofin Turai, da farko gasar cin kofin kai tsaye ce da ke buɗewa kawai ga zakarun Turai na cikin gida, tare da wanda ya ci nasara an lasafta shi a matsayin zakaran kulob din Turai. Gasar ta ɗauki sunan ta na yanzu a cikin 1992, ta ƙara wani mataki na rukuni a cikin 1991 kuma ta ba da damar masu shiga da yawa daga wasu ƙasashe tun lokacin 1997-98.  Tun daga wannan lokacin an kara fadada shi kuma, yayin da yawancin wasannin Turai na kasa zasu iya shiga gasar zakarunsu kawai, wasannin da suka fi karfi yanzu suna samar da kungiyoyi hudu. Kungiyoyin da suka gama gaba a layi a gasar zakarun kasa, ba tare da sun cancanci gasar zakaruna ba, sun cancance shiga gasar UEFA Europa League ta biyu, kuma tun daga 2021, don gasar UEFA Europa Conference ta uku.

A cikin tsarin da yake yanzu, gasar zakarun Turai ta fara ne a ƙarshen Yuni tare da zagaye na farko, zagaye uku na cancanta da zagaye, duk an buga su a kan kafafu biyu. Kungiyoyin shida da suka tsira sun shiga matakin rukuni, sun shiga kungiyoyi 26 da suka cancanci a gaba. Kungiyoyin 32 an zana su cikin rukuni takwas na ƙungiyoyi huɗu kuma suna wasa da juna a cikin Tsarin zagaye biyu. Wadanda suka lashe gasar rukuni takwas da kuma wadanda suka ci gaba da cin nasara guda takwas sun ci gaba zuwa matakin knockout wanda ya ƙare da wasan karshe a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Wanda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta atomatik ya cancanci gasar zakarurorin Turai ta shekara mai zuwa, gasar cin kofin UEFA Super Cup, da kuma gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA.

Kungiyoyin Mutanen Espanya suna da mafi yawan nasarori (19 wins), sannan Ingila (15 wins) da Italiya (12 wins). Ingila tana da mafi yawan kungiyoyin da suka lashe, tare da kungiyoyi shida da suka lashe taken. Kungiyoyi 23 ne suka lashe gasar, 13 daga cikinsu sun lashe ta fiye da sau ɗaya, kuma takwas sun sami nasarar kare sunayensu. Real Madrid ita ce kulob din da ta fi cin nasara a tarihin gasar, bayan ta lashe ta sau 14, kuma ita ce kawai kulob din ta lashe ta ta sau biyar a jere (bugawa biyar na farko) da kuma biyar daga cikin goma da suka gabata. Kungiyar daya ce kawai ta lashe dukkan wasanninsu a gasar daya a kan hanyar zuwa nasarar gasar: Bayern Munich a kakar 2019-20. Manchester City ita ce zakarun Turai na yanzu, bayan da ta doke Inter Milan 1-0 a wasan karshe na 2023 don taken farko.

Tarihi

+ WinnersEuropean Cup / UEFA Champions League Season  Winners European Cup 1955–56  Real Madrid 1956–57  Real Madrid  1957–58  Real Madrid  1958–59  Real Madrid  1959–60  Real Madrid  1960–61  Benfica 1961–62  Benfica  1962–63  Milan 1963–64  Inter Milan 1964–65  Inter Milan  1965–66  Real Madrid  1966–67  Celtic 1967–68  Manchester United 1968–69  Milan  1969–70  Feyenoord 1970–71  Ajax 1971–72  Ajax  1972–73  Ajax  1973–74  Bayern Munich 1974–75  Bayern Munich  1975–76  Bayern Munich  1976–77  Liverpool 1977–78  Liverpool  1978–79  Nottingham Forest 1979–80  Nottingham Forest  1980–81  Liverpool  1981–82  Aston Villa 1982–83  Hamburger SV 1983–84  Liverpool  1984–85  Juventus 1985–86  Steaua București 1986–87  Porto 1987–88  PSV Eindhoven 1988–89  Milan  1989–90  Milan  1990–91  Red Star Belgrade 1991–92  Barcelona UEFA Champions League 1992–93  Marseille 1993–94  Milan  1994–95  Ajax  1995–96  Juventus  1996–97  Borussia Dortmund 1997–98  Real Madrid  1998–99  Manchester United  1999–2000  Real Madrid  2000–01  Bayern Munich  2001–02  Real Madrid  2002–03  Milan  2003–04  Porto  2004–05  Liverpool  2005–06  Barcelona  2006–07  Milan  2007–08  Manchester United  2008–09  Barcelona  2009–10  Inter Milan  2010–11  Barcelona  2011–12  Chelsea 2012–13  Bayern Munich  2013–14  Real Madrid  2014–15  Barcelona  2015–16  Real Madrid  2016–17  Real Madrid  2017–18  Real Madrid  2018–19  Liverpool  2019–20  Bayern Munich  2020–21   Chelsea  2021–22   Real Madrid  2022–23  Manchester City

Lokaci na farko da zakarun Turai biyu suka hadu shi ne a cikin abin da ake kira Gasar Cin Kofin Zuciya ta 1895, lokacin da zakarar Ingila Sunderland ta doke zakarun Scotland Hearts 5-3. Gasar farko ta Turai ita ce Kofin Gwagwarmaya, gasa tsakanin kungiyoyi a Daular Austro-Hungary.  Shekaru uku bayan haka, a cikin 1900, zakarun Belgium, Netherlands da Switzerland, waɗanda su ne kawai wasannin da ke cikin nahiyar Turai a lokacin, sun shiga cikin Coupe Van der Straeten Ponthoz, don haka jaridu na cikin gida sun kira su "zakarun kulob din nahiyar".

Kofin Mitropa, gasar da aka tsara bayan Kofin Gwagwarmaya, an kirkireshi ne a 1927, ra'ayin Austrian Hugo Meisl, kuma ya buga tsakanin kungiyoyin Turai ta Tsakiya. A cikin 1930, Coupe des Nations (French: Nations Cup Kofin Kasashe), ƙoƙari na farko na ƙirƙirar kofin ga kungiyoyin zakarun Turai, an buga shi kuma an shirya shi ne ta kulob din Servette na Switzerland. An gudanar da shi a Geneva, ya haɗu da zakara goma daga ko'ina cikin nahiyar. Újpest na Hungary ne ya lashe gasar.[2] Al'ummomin Latin Turai sun haɗu don kafa Kofin Latin a shekara ta 1949.

Bayan karbar rahotanni daga 'yan jaridarsa game da nasarar da ta samu a Gasar Zakarun Kudancin Amurka ta 1948, Gabriel Hanot, editan L'Équipe, ya fara ba da shawarar kirkirar gasar cin kofin nahiyar. A cikin tambayoyin, Jacques Ferran (daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Kofin Zakarun Turai, tare da Gabriel Hanot), ya ce gasar zakarun Kudancin Amurka ita ce wahayi zuwa gasar zakarar Turai.  Bayan Stan Cullis ya ayyana Wolverhampton Wanderers "Champions of the World" bayan nasarar da aka samu a wasannin sada zumunci a cikin shekarun 1950, musamman Budapest Honvéd FC">nasarar sada zumunci 3-2 a kan Budapest Honvéd, Hanot a ƙarshe ya sami nasarar shawo kan UEFA don aiwatar da irin wannan gasa. An haife shi a birnin Paris a shekarar 1955 a matsayin Kofin Kungiyoyin Zakarun Turai.

Kofin Turai na farko ya faru ne a lokacin kakar 1955-56. Kungiyoyi goma sha shida sun halarci (wasu ta hanyar gayyata): AC Milan (Italiya), AGF Aarhus (Denmark), Anderlecht (Belgium), Djurgården (Sweden), Gwardia Warszawa (Poland), Hibernian (Scotland), Partizan (Yugoslavia), PSV Eindhoven (Netherlands), Rapid Wien (Austria), Real Madrid (Spain), Rot-Weiss Essen (West Germany), Saar" id="mwAp8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1. FC Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken (Saar), Servette (Switzerland), Sporting CP (Portugal), Reims Lobog (Faransa) [1] da Vör).[2]

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