Trani

Trani  wata tashar ruwa ce ta Apulia, da ke  Kudancin Italiya, akan Tekun Adriatic, ta na da nisan   ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa yamma-arewa maso yammacin  birnin  Bari . Yana daya daga cikin manyan biranen lardin Barletta-Andria-Trani .

 Tarihi Tashan jirgin 

 Dubawa 
Birnin Turenum ya bayyana a karon farko a cikin  , kwafi na ƙarni na 13 na tsohuwar hanyar tafiya ta Romawa. Sunan, wanda kuma aka rubuta Tirenum, shi ne na gwarzon Girka Diomedes . Daga baya Lombards da Rumawa suka mamaye birnin. Da farko wasu labarai na ƙauyuka a cikin Trani, duk da haka, sun samo asali ne kawai a ƙarni na 9.

Shekaru mafi bunƙasa na Trani shine karni na 11, lokacin da ya zama wurin gani na bishop a madadin Canosa, Saracens ya lalata su. Tashar jiragen ruwa, an sanya shi da kyau don Crusades, sannan ya haɓaka sosai, ya zama mafi mahimmanci a kan Tekun Adriatic . A cikin shekara ta 1063 Trani ya ba da Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris, wanda shine "mafi tsufa da ya tsira daga dokokin teku na Latin West". Paul Oldfield, City and Community in Norman Italy (Oxford: 2009), 247. Har ila yau, akwai jama'ar Yahudawa a Trani, waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin kariya daga sarki har sai da aka ba da ita ga Archbishop Samarus a zamanin mulkin Henry na shida a ƙarshen karni na 12. A wannan lokacin da yawa manyan iyalai daga manyan Jamhuriyar Maritime na Italiya ( Amalfi, Pisa, Genova da Venice ) sun kafa kansu a Trani. Trani, bi da bi, ya kula da karamin jakada a Venice daga karni na 12. Kasancewar wasu ofisoshin jakadanci a yawancin cibiyoyin arewacin Turai, har ma a Ingila da Netherlands, yana nuna kasuwancin Trani da mahimmancin siyasa a tsakiyar zamanai. Sarkin sarakuna Frederick II ya gina katafaren katafaren gini a Trani. A karkashin mulkinsa, a farkon karni na 13, birnin ya kai matsayi mafi girma na arziki da wadata.

An sami ɗan ci gaban tattalin arziki a ƙarni na sha tara, kuma ya zuwa 1881 yawan jama'a ya kai 25,647. Trani a wannan lokacin ya kasance muhimmin wurin ciniki don giya, 'ya'yan itatuwa da hatsi. The Century Cyclopaedia of Names, coordinated by Benjamin E Smith and published by the De Vinne Press, New York 1894 (Page 1005)

 Tarihin Yahudawa 
Benjamin na Tudela ya ziyarci Trani a kusan shekara ta 1159, bayan wannan ziyarar ya tarar da iyalai Yahudawa 200 da ke zaune a wurin.  A karni na 12, Trani ya riga ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin Yahudawa na Kudancin Italiya, kuma shine wurin haifuwar ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai na zamanin da na Italiya: Rabbi Isaiah ben Mali di Trani (c. 1180 – 1250), mashahuri kuma sananne. mai tafsiri da halacci . An haifi Babban Malamin Talmudist Musa ben Joseph di Trani (1505–1585) a Tassalunikawa, shekaru uku bayan danginsa sun gudu daga Trani saboda tsananta wa Yahudawa .

Trani ya shiga rikici a ƙarƙashin mulkin Anjou da Aragonese (ƙarni na 14-16), yayin da aka tsananta wa ɓangaren Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na Dominican. Joshua Starr, "The Mass Conversion of Jews in Southern Italy (1290–1293)" Speculum 21.2 (April 1946), pp. 203-211, A ƙarƙashin Gidan Bourbon, duk da haka, Trani ya dawo da wani ƙaƙƙarfan ƙawa, godiya ga ingantaccen yanayin tattalin arzikin Kudancin Italiya da kuma gina gine-gine masu ban sha'awa. Trani ya kasance babban birnin lardin har zuwa zamanin Napoleon, lokacin da Joachim Murat ya hana shi wannan matsayi don goyon bayan Bari . A cikin 1799, haka ma, sojojin Faransa sun tayar da kisan kiyashi na al'ummar Trani, kamar yadda ta yi biyayya ga Jamhuriyar Neapolitan .

Majami'ar Scolanova ta tsira kuma, bayan ƙarni da yawa a matsayin coci, an sake keɓewa azaman majami'a. Jerusalem Post, 24 August 2006, Jewish again in Trani, By Ari Z. Zivotofsky and Ari Greenspan  Cocin Sant'Anna wani tsohon majami'a ne na zamani.

 elimin  kasa 
yana kusa da  Adriatic Coast, tsakanin Barletta da Bisceglie, Trani iyaka da Municipalities Andria, Barletta, Bisceglie da Corato, a cikin lardin Bari . 

 Hutunan  gani 
Trani ya yi hasarar tsohuwar ganuwarta da katangar birni, amma an maido da katangar karni na 13 sosai a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya da wurin wasan kwaikwayo kuma a buɗe ga jama'a. Wasu tituna a ciki da wajen yankin Ghetto sun kasance kamar yadda suke a zamanin da, kuma da yawa daga cikin gidajen suna nuna ko kaɗan na kayan ado na Norman . 

Babban cocin shine Trani Cathedral, sadaukarwa ga Saint Nicholas the Pilgrim, Girkanci wanda ya mutu a Trani a 1094 yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa aikin hajji zuwa Roma, kuma wasu shekaru bayan haka Urban II ya ba da izini. Ya ta'allaka ne akan wani buɗaɗɗen wuri kusa da teku, kuma an tsarkake shi, kafin cikawarsa, a cikin 1143. Basilica ce tare da apses uku, wanda aka gina a cikin halayyar farar farar ƙasa na gida. Har ila yau, yana da babban crypt da hasumiya mai girma, wanda aka gina a cikin 1230-1239 ta hanyar gine-gine wanda sunansa ya bayyana a kan ambo a cikin babban cocin Bitonto, Nicolaus Sacerdos. Yana da baka a ƙarƙashinsa, ana goyan bayansa a gefen bangon cocin, wani bangare kuma akan wani katon ginshiƙi. An ƙawata mashigin mashigar tashar Romanesque da kyau, ta hanyar nuna tasirin Larabawa ; Ƙofofin tagulla, wanda Barisanus na Trani ya kashe a 1175, suna cikin mafi kyawun lokacinsu a Kudancin Italiya . Comparable doors by Barisanus are at Ravello and Monreale.  Babban ginshiƙai a cikin crypt sune kyawawan misalai na Romanesque. Ciki na babban cocin ya kasance an sabunta shi sosai,  amma crypt ɗin ya kasance kama da asalin kuma ya kasance sanannen wurin ajiyar kayan tarihi, wanda jikin shahidi St. Febronia na Nisibis . Har yanzu mutum na iya jin daɗin ƙaƙƙarfan kayan abinci na ƙarni na goma sha takwas da wani zane mai ban mamaki wanda ke nuna Saint a gidan kayan tarihi na Diocesan.

Kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa akwai Gidan Gothic na Doges na Venice, wanda yanzu ake amfani da shi azaman makarantar hauza . Cocin Ognissanti wanda a wani mataki shine dakin ibada na wani asibitin Knights Templar yana da taimako na Romanesque na Sanarwa akan kofa. San Giacomo da San Francesco kuma suna da facade na Romanesque; na karshen, tare da Sant'Andrea, suna da gidaje na Byzantine . 

 Gwamnati 

 Tattalin Arziki 
Yankin Trani yana samar da ruwan inabi mai kyau,da koma  Moscato di Trani; da ɓaurensa, da man zaitun, da almond, da hatsi kuma kayan ciniki ne masu riba. 

 Mutane 

 Manfred, Sarkin Sicily kuma ɗan Frederick II, wanda ya auri Helena Ducas a nan a 1259.
 Giovanni Bovio, masanin falsafa kuma ɗan siyasa
 Antonio Piccinni, mai zane, an haife shi a 1846 kuma ya mutu a 1920
 Rosalino Cellamare, mawaƙa
 Emilio Covelli, anarchist kuma mai ra'ayin gurguzu
 Leone di Lernia, mawaƙa
 Jennie George, ɗan siyasan Australiya kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren Australiya
 Domenico Sarro, mawaki
 Riccardo Scamarcio, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
 Rabbi Isaiah ben Mali di Trani (c. 1180 – 1250), fitaccen mai sharhi kuma mai ikon halak.

 Duba kuma 

 US Calcio Trani
 Trani tashar jirgin kasa
 Dialoghi di Trani

 manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Yanar Gizo na hukuma 
 Portal Trani 



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