Samar da koko a Najeriya

Samar da Kako yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Cocoa ita ce babbar fitar da kayan gona a kasar kuma Najeriya a halin yanzu ita ce ta huɗu mafi girma a duniya mai samar da koko, bayan Ivory Coast, Indonesia da Ghana,  kuma ta uku mafi girma, bayan IIvoire Coast da Ghana.  Amfanin gona ya kasance babban mai cinikin kasashen waje ga Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 kuma a cikin 1970 kasar ta kasance ta biyu mafi girma a duniya amma bayan saka hannun jari a bangaren mai a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980, rabon Najeriya na fitarwa a duniya ya ragu. A cikin shekara ta 2010, samar da koko ya kai kashi 0.3% na GDP na noma. Matsakaicin samar da wake a Najeriya tsakanin 2000 da 2010 ya kasance tan 389,272 a kowace shekara  wanda ya tashi daga tan 170,000 da aka samar a 1999. 

 Tarihi 
Gidajen koko na farko a Najeriya sun kasance a Bonny da Calabar a cikin shekarun 1870 amma yankin bai dace da noma ba. A cikin 1880, an kafa gonar koko a Legas kuma daga baya, an kafa wasu gonaki a Agege da Ota. Daga gonaki a Agege da Ota bayanai da aka yada zuwa yankin Yoruba game da noma koko, bayan haka, dasa itacen ya fadada a Yammacin Najeriya. Manoma a ƙasar Ibadan da Egba sun fara gwaji tare da dasa koko a cikin gandun daji da ba a noma ba a cikin 1890 kuma waɗanda ke cikin Ilesha sun fara a kusa da 1896. Shuka koko daga baya ya bazu zuwa Okeigbo da Ondo Town a cikin Jihar Ondo, Ife da Gbongan a cikin Jihirar Osun da kuma a ƙasar Ekiti.Berry. P. 44 Kafin 1950, akwai manyan nau'ikan koko guda biyu da aka dasa a Najeriya. Babban shine Amelonado cacao wanda aka shigo da shi daga saman Kogin Amazon a Brazil. Na biyu ya kasance nau'i ne daban-daban daga Trinidad. Kwayoyin Amelonado kore ne amma suna juya rawaya lokacin da suka nuna amma nau'ikan Trinidad ja ne.Berry, S. (1975). Cocoa, custom, and socio-economic change in rural Western Nigeria. Oxford: Clarendon Press. P. 54

 Noma da kasuwanci 
Cocoa yana bunƙasa a yankunan da ba su wuce digiri 20 ba a arewa ko kudu na ma'auni.Ofori-Boateng, K., & Insah, B. (2014). The impact of climate change on cocoa production in west africa. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(3), 296 Bishiyoyi suna amsawa da kyau a yankunan da ke da zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma rarraba ruwan sama. A Najeriya, ana shuka itacen koko daga shuke-shuke waɗanda aka haifa a wuraren kula da yara, lokacin da shuke-huke suka kai tsawo na 3 cm ana dasa su a nesa da mita 3 zuwa 4.  Yawancin ƙananan manoma ne ke noma koko a gonakin gona na kusan hekta 2 yayin da fitarwa ta mamaye wasu kamfanoni.

A tarihi ana tallata samar da koko na Najeriya ta hanyar monopsony ta allon tallace-tallace da gwamnati ta kirkira. A cikin shekarun 1980s Bankin Duniya da Asusun Kuɗi na Duniya sun shawarci Najeriya da ta sassaucin bangaren saboda allon talla ba su da tasiri. A shekara ta 1986, Najeriya ta rushe allon tallace-tallace kuma ta ba da damar sayar da koko da kasuwanci. Koyaya, cinikayya ba ta samar da sakamakon da ake tsammani ba, ban da haka, tsofaffin bishiyoyi da gonaki, ƙananan amfanin gona, tsarin samarwa mara daidaituwa, cututtukan cututtuka, harin annoba da ƙananan kayan aikin gona sun ba da gudummawa ga masana'antar koko. A halin yanzu, manoma suna sayar da kayayyakinsu kai tsaye ta hanyar hadin gwiwa ko wakilin sayen lasisi wanda hakan ke sayar da shi ga kamfanonin fitarwa.

Manyan jihohin da ke samar da koko sune Ondo, Cross River, Ogun, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Delta, Osun da Oyo.

 Manazarta