Ilimi a Zambia

Ƙananan ilimi a Zambia an raba shi zuwa matakai uku kuma waɗannan sune: firamare, ƙaramin sakandare da sakandare. Ilimi mafi girma a Zambia ya inganta a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda karuwar jami'o'i da kwalejoji masu zaman kansu. Jami'ar da ta fi girma ita ce Jami'ar Jama'a ta Zambia  wacce ke cikin babban birnin Lusaka tare da babbar hanyar gabas kuma tana karbar bakuncin ɗalibai da yawa na cikin gida da na duniya. Jami'ar Copperbelt ita ce jami'ar jama'a ta biyu mafi girma kuma tana cikin lardin Copperbelt na Zambia a Kitwe, kuma jami'ar gwamnati mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Jami'ar Mulungushi, tare da babban harabarta 26 km arewacin Kabwe. Akwai wasu ƙananan jami'o'i da yawa, na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ciki har da: Jami'ar Texila ta Amurka, Jami'ar Zambia Open, Jami'an Turai Jami'ar Zambiya Katolika, Jami'in Cavendish, Jami'a Adventist ta Zambia, Jami'iyyar Northrise, Jami'aren Lusaka, Kwalejin Jami'ar Woodlands, Kwalejijin Jami'an Copperstone, Jami'er Barotseland, Jami'akar Afirka, Jami'o'ar Bayanai da Sadarwa, Jami'irantar Kwame Nkrumah, Jami'war Tsaro, Jami'antar Tsaro, Jama'ar Rusangu, Jami'aron Nazarin Robert Makasa, Jami'i na Nazarin Lissafi da Zauren Kula da Kiwon Lafiya kuma akwai Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafi daban-daban da ke ba da Cibiyar Nazari da ke ba

 Ilimi na Yara (ECE), Ilimi na Firamare da na Sakandare 
Ilimi na Firamare a Zambia shine tushe na kowane wanda ya shiga makaranta, yana tafiya daga aji 1 - 7 tare da dalibai sannan ana sa ran su wuce jarrabawar da Majalisar jarrabawa ta Zambia ta kafa  a ƙarshen shekara ta makaranta ta 7. Makarantu na firamare sun bazu a duk sassan kasar. Zambia tana da kusan Gundumomi 110. Makarantun firamare mallakar gwamnati ne, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da al'ummomi. Malamai suna aiki a can da son rai ko don ƙananan tallafi, sai dai idan waɗannan makarantun suna tallafawa ta hanyar agaji. Wasu makarantun al'umma suna cajin kuɗi mai yawa kuma suna kama da makarantun masu zaman kansu masu ƙarancin kuɗi, amma mafi yawansu suna da arha sosai kuma suna kula da ɗaliban da makarantar karamar hukuma ke da nisa sosai ko kuma suna sanya farashi mai mahimmanci kamar kayan aiki.

Baya ga wasu manyan makarantu masu zaman kansu, makarantun Zambiya suna da karancin kayan aiki kuma ka'idodin ilimi suna da ƙarancin gaske.

Makaranta ta fada cikin matakan da suka biyo baya:

 ECE, makarantar sakandare da karɓar baƙi
 Firamare, maki 1-7
 Junior Secondary, maki 8-9
 Babban sakandare, maki 10-12

Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, za ku iya shiga makarantar sakandare kai tsaye (Makarantun sakandare suna ba da ilimi daga aji 8-12) - abin takaici akwai yankuna a Zambia waɗanda ba su da makarantun sakandare. An yi ƙoƙari kuma suna da makarantu na asali. A al'ada, maki 8-9 sun kasance wani ɓangare na makarantar asali. Wannan ya ba da damar ɗalibai su iya shiga makarantar sakandare don ci gaba da karatunsu har zuwa aji na 9, kuma suna ba da makarantun firamare ƙarin kuɗin shiga (kamar yadda ake ba da izinin makarantun gwamnati su cajin kuɗi ga lambuna 8 da 9).A yankunan karkara wasu dalibai suna tafiya mai nisa don samun damar ilimin firamare kuma wannan ya kasance rashin amfani a cikin gwagwarmayar ilimantar da tsara mai zuwa.

 Tsarin ilimi 
Tsarin Ilimi a Zambia yana da matakai huɗu:

 Matakin Ilimi na Yara 

 Makarantar sakandare.
 Karɓar baƙi.  (babu jarrabawar kasa.) 

 Matsayi na farko 

 Grade 1 zuwa 7.
 Ilimi a wannan matakin kyauta ne a duk makarantun gwamnati.  (Jarabawar Kasa.) 

 Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior 

 Grade 8 zuwa 9.
 A ka'ida kyauta amma buƙatu da yawa

 Babban Makarantar Sakandare 

 Grade 10 zuwa 12.
 Ilimi a wannan matakin kyauta ne a duk makarantun gwamnati kuma suna ba da tallafi ga makarantun da aka taimaka tun daga shekarar 2022.
 Tsarin ilimi na GCSE.
 ASAT a aji na 9

 Ilimi mafi girma 
A Zambia, akwai jami'o'in gwamnati guda uku da makarantun fasaha da yawa waɗanda ke ba da ilimi mafi girma. Ma'aikatar Fasahar Kimiyya da Horar da Kwarewa (MSTVT) a Zambia an kuma bunkasa ta a 1992 don inganta ci gaba a fannonin fasaha. Hanyoyin ilimi bayan makarantar sakandare suna da iyaka a Zambia. Bayan makarantar sakandare, ɗalibai galibi suna karatu a kwalejoji daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar. Yawancin lokaci duk suna zaɓar ɗalibai bisa ga iyawa; gasa don wurare tana da ƙarfi. 

Gabatar da kudade a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ya sa ba za a iya samun ilimi a matakin jami'a ga wasu ba, kodayake gwamnati ta ba da tallafin gwamnati. Jami'ar Copperbelt ta buɗe a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ta karɓi mafi yawan tsohon shafin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zambia a Kitwe.   Har ila yau, akwai kwalejojin horar da malamai da yawa da ke ba da shirye-shiryen horar da shekaru biyu, yayin da asibitocin mishan a duk faɗin ƙasar ke ba da horo mai karɓa a duniya ga ma'aikatan jinya. Makarantu da yawa na Kirista suna ba da horo na matakin seminary.

Akwai manyan jami'o'i uku da wasu da yawa:

 Jami'ar Zambia (UNZA) 
 Jami'ar Copperbelt (CBU) 
 Jami'ar Mulungushi (MU) 
 Jami'ar Texila ta Amurka Zambia (TAU) 
 Jami'ar DMI St. Eugene (DMISEU) 
 Jami'ar Lusaka (UNILUS) 
 Jami'ar Rusangu (RU) 
 Jami'ar Cavendish Zambia (CUZ) 
 Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Lusaka Apex (LAMU) 
 Jami'ar Zambia Open (ZOU) 
 Kwalejin Jami'ar Woodlands
 Jami'ar Kwame Nkrumah (KWANU) 
 Jami'ar Afirka (UOA) 
 Jami'ar Barotseland
 Jami'ar Bayanai da Sadarwa (ICU) 
 Jami'ar Mukuni (MU) 
 Jami'ar Eden
 Jami'ar Ilimi ta Kwalejin Kitwe
 Jami'ar Bincike ta Afirka (ARU) 

Ƙarin Cibiyoyin Ilimi Mafi Girma:

Baya ga wannan jami'o'i da kwalejoji, kasar tana da ɗayan tsofaffin kwalejoji da ke ba da ilimi mai nisa. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tsakiya ta Zambia (ZACODE) da ta kasance a baya Kwalejin Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa tun 1963. Kwalejin ta fara ne daga Kwalejin Evelyn Hone sannan ta sauya daga Lusaka zuwa Luanshya. Kolejin ya kasance yana da masu koyo 30,000 da amfanin gona na yanzu na shugabannin a cibiyoyi daban-daban sun amfana daga kayan da kwalejin ta samar kuma ya ci gaba da samarwa. Kolejoji da jami'o'i da ke ba da ilimi na nesa dole ne su shiga kwalejin don taimaka musu inganta kayan nesa da ake bayarwa don su zama masu hulɗa.

 Cibiyar Gudanar da Gwamnati ta Kasa (NIPA) 
 Kwalejin Fasaha ta Arewa (NORTEC) 
 Kwalejin Ci Gaban albarkatun Halitta (NRDC) 
 Kwalejin Evelyn Hone 
 Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'a 
 Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Ngoma Dolce 
 Jami'ar Northrise 
 Makarantar Horar da Nursing ta Chikankata 
 Ayyukan Ba da Shawara na Kabsy 
 Jami'ar Afirka

Kungiyoyin agaji da yawa suna tallafawa makarantu da dalibai a Zambia don kammala karatunsu. Brighter Futures Zambia ta rufe kudaden marayu da yara masu rauni a Monze, Lardin Kudancin. Cibiyar Tasirin tana aiki da makarantu 10 a Lardin Gabashin Zambia ta amfani da sabon tsarin e-learning. Asusun Cecily yana tallafawa darussan makaranta na yara sama da 11,000 (kamar Yuni 2010). CAF helps Cecily's Fund to support children orphaned by AIDS, Charities Aid Foundation. Retrieved 8 June 2010. Har ila yau, aikin agaji yana ba da cikakken kuɗin Makarantar Jama'a ta Bwafano a Lusaka. Sauran kungiyoyin agaji sun hada da Camfed da Bakashana wadanda ke tallafawa mata da 'yan mata a Zambia don kammala makaranta. Makarantar Taimako ta Sun-spring   tana ba da kusan ilimi kyauta ga yara marasa galihu a garin Ng'ombe a wajen Lusaka. 

 Taimako daga kungiyoyin agaji 
Kungiyoyin agaji da yawa suna tallafawa makarantu da dalibai a Zambia don kammala karatunsu. Sun-spring Charity School tana ba da ilimi na asali kyauta ga Marayu da Yara masu rauni, Brighter Futures Zambia suna rufe kuɗin marayu da yara masu rauni a Monze, Lardin Kudancin. Cibiyar Tasirin tana aiki da makarantu 10 a Lardin Gabashin Zambia ta amfani da sabon tsarin e-learning. Asusun Cecily yana tallafawa darussan makaranta na yara sama da 11,000 (kamar Yuni 2010). CAF helps Cecily's Fund to support children orphaned by AIDS, Charities Aid Foundation. Retrieved 8 June 2010. Har ila yau, aikin agaji yana ba da cikakken kuɗin Makarantar Jama'a ta Bwafano a Lusaka. Sauran kungiyoyin agaji sun hada da Camfed, Bakashana, da Insaka wadanda ke tallafawa mata da 'yan mata a Zambia don kammala makaranta. A ƙarshe, Makarantun FVL daga Appleton, Wisconsin suna haɗin gwiwa tare da Makarantun Lutheran a Lusaka kuma sun ba da sama da $ 60,000 don gina ɗakunan abinci, samar da abinci, da siyan kayan makaranta.

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Haɗin waje 

 Kididdigar Ilimi da Ingancin Ilimi a Zambia, Kudancin da Gabashin Afirka Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) 
 Educationzambia.com - Injin Ilimi
 TheZambian.com - Makarantu
 https://education.stateuniversity.com/shafuffuka/1698/Zambia-EDUCATIONAL-SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.html
 https://www.zaqa.gov.zm/mafi girman ilimi-cibiyoyin/  An adana shi