Harshen Tuamotuan

Tuamotuan, Pa ʻ umotu or Paumotu (Tuamotuan: ReTemplate:Okinao PaTemplate:Okinaumotu ) ko Reko PaTemplate:Okinaumotu ) yaren Polynesia ne wanda mutane 4,000 ke magana a cikin tsibiran Tuamotu, tare da ƙarin masu magana 2,000 a Tahiti

Harafin Pa'umotu ya dogara ne akan rubutun Latin. 

 Game da harshe 

 Tarihi da al'adu 
Mutanen Pa'umotu a yau suna kiran tsibirinsu Tuamotu yayin da suke kiran kansu da harshensu a matsayin Pa'umotu (ko Paumotu). Pa'umotu yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna shida na Polynesia da ake magana da su a cikin Faransanci Polynesia, sauran harsuna biyar sune Tahitian, Marquesan, Mangarevan, Rapa, da Austral . 

Tasirin ziyarar farko a Turai ba ta da wani tasiri a siyasance. Harshen, duk da haka, yaren Tahitian ya shafe shi a ƙarshe, wanda fadada Turai ya shafe shi. Zuwan ƴan mishan na Turai a ƙarni na 19 kuma ya haifar da lamuni, gami da ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙamus na sabon bangaskiyar Pa'umotu, da fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa Pa'umotu. 

Addinin asali na Tuamtus ya ƙunshi bautar wani babban halitta, Kiho-Tumu ko Kiho. An adana kuma an fassara waƙoƙin addini waɗanda ke bayyana halayen Kiho da yadda ya halicci duniya. 

A cikin 'yan lokutan baya-bayan nan, Tuamotus sune wurin gwajin makaman nukiliya na Faransa akan atolls na Moruroa da Fangataufa .

 Rabewa 
Paumotu memba ne na ƙungiyar Polynesian na harsunan Oceanic, ita kanta rukuni ne na dangin Austronesia . 

Wasu tasirin kasashen waje suna nan. 

 Yaduwar yanki 
Ana magana da Pa'umotu a cikin manyan tsibirai na Tuamotu, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai fiye da ƙananan tsibirai 60. Yawancin mazaunan dā sun ƙaura zuwa Tahiti, wanda hakan ya sa harshen ya ragu. 

A cikin 1970s, akwai adadin Pa'umotu da ke zaune a Laie, O'ahu, Hawai'i, da kuma wasu wurare a tsibirin O'ahu. An ba da rahoton cewa wasu suna zaune a California da Florida. Akwai kuma mutane da dama da ke zaune a New Zealand da aka ruwaito Pa'umotu, ko da yake sun fito daga Tahiti. 

 Yaruka 
Pa'umotu yana da yaruka bakwai ko yankunan harshe: suna rufe Parata, Vahitu, Maraga, Fagatau, Tapuhoe, Napuka da Mihiro. See Charpentier & François (2015).  Mutanen Pa'umotu na asali ƴan ƙauyuka ne, suna ƙaura daga wannan atom zuwa wani kuma ta haka ne suke ƙirƙirar yaruka iri-iri.  ’Yan asalin ƙasar suna kiran wannan ɗabi’ar makiyaya a matsayin  , daga tushen kalmomin  (ma'ana 'yawo'),  (ma'ana 'tafi') da  (ma'ana 'rashin takurawa'). 

Pa'umotu yayi kama da na Tahiti, kuma yawan Tahitian ya shafi Pa'umotu.  See Charpentier & François (2015). Da farko saboda rinjayen siyasa da tattalin arziƙin Tahiti a yankin, yawancin Pa'umotu (musamman waɗanda suka fito daga yammacin turai) suna harsuna biyu, suna magana da Pa'umotu da Tahitian.  Matasa da yawa Pa'umotu da ke zaune a kan atolls kusa da Tahiti suna jin yaren Tahiti kawai kuma ba su da Pa'umotu.

Misali shi ne yadda Pa'umotu ke amfani da sautin murfi kamar k ko g, wanda a cikin Tahitian-Pa'umotu (haɗuwar harsuna) ya zama tasha. Misali, kalmar 'shark' a cikin Pa'umotu  ce , amma a cikin haɗakar harsunan biyu ya zama  . Haka abin yake da kalmomi irin su  /  da  /  . 

Waɗannan bambance-bambancen yare suna haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Tsohon Pa'umotu" da "Sabon Pa'umotu". Yawancin ƙananan Pa'umotu ba su gane wasu kalmomi da kakanninsu suka yi amfani da su ba, kamar kalmar  don 'ruwan sama'.Ƙananan Pa'umotu [ ] <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">da</span> kalmar  don 'ruwan sama' a cikin Pa'umotu na zamani.

 Muhimmanci 
A cewar UNESCO, Pa`umotu "tabbas yana cikin haɗari "  Hakika, tun kafin shekarun 1960, yawancin mazauna tsibirin Tuamotu sun yi ƙaura zuwa Tahiti don neman ilimi ko damar aiki; See Charpentier & François (2015). wannan jirgin na karkara ya ba da gudummawa sosai wajen raunana Pa'umotu, wanda wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi da " harshe mai mutuwa ". 

Tun daga shekarun 1950, harshen da ake amfani da shi wajen ilimi a Polynesia na Faransa shine Faransanci. Ba a koyar da ɗan Tahiti ko Pa'umotu a makarantu. 

Hukumar da ta keɓe, mai suna  tana kula da harshen Pa'umotu., ko Kāruru vānaga . Présentation de l’académie Pa’umotu - Kāruru vānaga . An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 2008, “Arrêté n° 1910 CM du 23 décembre 2008 portant création de l’académie pa’umotu”. yana bin tsarin Académie tahitienne . L’académie pa’umotu, “reconnaissance d’un peuple”, La Dépêche de Tahiti, 23 Dec 2008.

 Nahawu 
Babu tsarin nahawu da aka buga akan yaren Pa'umotu. Kalmomin Tahitian-Pa'umotu na yanzu suna dogara ne akan Littafi Mai Tsarki na Tahiti da fassarar Tahiti na Littafin Mormon. 

Samfuran tushe don kwatancen Pa'umotu-Turanci shine al'adun Kiho-Tumu, wanda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin addini na Pa'umotu da fassarar turanci. 

 Ilimin sauti 
+Consonants Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal Nasal m n ŋ ⟨ g ⟩ M p t k ʔ ⟨ ` ⟩ Ƙarfafawa f v h Rhotic r
Ana samun tasha glottal a cikin ɗimbin kalmomin lamunin Tahiti . Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin bambance-bambancen kyauta tare da  da  a cikin wasu kalmomi da aka raba tsakanin Pa'umotu da Tahitian. Za a iya samun tasha mai ɗorewa a farkon kalmomin farko guda ɗaya. Kuki (1973), p. 104
+Wasula  Gaba Tsakiya Baya Babban i u Tsakar e o Kuki (1973), p. 103 Ƙananan a
Gajerun wasula sun bambanta da dogayen wasali da tsayin wasali don haka sauti ne. Wasu nau'i-nau'i na wasali da ba iri ɗaya ba sun bayyana a cikin Pu'amotu, kuma ana fassara dogayen wasula a matsayin nau'i-nau'i na wasula iri ɗaya kuma an rubuta su ta hanyar ninka wasulan a kowane hali.  A cikin matsayi mara ƙarfi, za a iya rasa bambanci tsakanin dogon da gajere. Matsayin damuwa yana da tsinkaya. Danniya na farko yana kan wasali na gaba kafin juncture, tare da dogayen wasulan da ke kirga wasula biyu da masu saurara da ba a kirga su a matsayin wasulan. Daya daga cikin kowane wasali biyu ko uku yana damuwa.. wato, mafi ƙarancin yanki don sanya damuwa shine wasula biyu, kuma matsakaicin shine uku. Idan aka danne dogon wasali, damuwa ya kan sauka kan gaba dayan wasalin, ba tare da la’akari da wane irin mora ba ne, sai dai idan dogon wasali ya zama na karshe. Babu fiye da wasali/mora mara nauyi da zai iya faruwa a jere, amma, idan na farkon wasula biyu ya yi tsayi, babu damuwa a tsakaninsu. Ba za a iya nanata nau'ikan ɗan gajeren wasali ɗaya ba. Kuki (1973), p. 104–105, 108–112.

 Kalmomi 
A zahiri, ana iya ganin kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin sauran harsunan Polynesia a cikin ƙamus na Pa'umotu. 'Mace', alal misali, banza  , kusa da Hawaiian da Maori  . Wani misali kuma shine 'abu', wanda a cikin Pa'umotu  ne , kuma iri ɗaya ne a Samoan da Maori.

Masu magana da harshen Pa'umotu suna amfani da saurin magana da gangan, jinkirin magana, da salon magana na yau da kullun. Suna amfani da damuwa na jimla, wanda zai iya zama sautin sauti ko morphemic, da damuwa na farko, wanda ba sautin sauti ba. 

 Bayanan kula da nassoshi 

 Magana 

 Kara karantawa 




 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Taswirar Harshe na Faransanci Polynesia, yana nuna yaruka daban-daban na Pa'umotu (daga Charpentier &amp; François' <i id="mwAdQ">Linguistic Atlas na Faransa Polynesia</i> ).
 Katunan fihirisar sunayen tsirrai da dabbobi a cikin Pu'amotu da aka adana tare da Kaipuleohone ( PA1-020, PA1-021 )
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba