Ilimi a Uganda

Tsarin ilimi a Uganda yana da tsarin shekaru 7 na ilimin firamare, shekaru 6 na karatun sakandare (an raba zuwa shekaru 4 na ƙananan sakandare da 2 na makarantar sakandare), da shekaru 3 zuwa 5 na karatun gaba da sakandare .  Ana gudanar da ilimi a Uganda cikin Ingilishi . Duk cikin matakan da ke cikin tsarin ilimi, ana koyar da su kuma ana tantance su cikin Ingilishi. Gwamnatin Uganda ta amince da ilimi a matsayin babban hakki na dan Adam kuma tana ci gaba da kokarin samar da ilimin firamare kyauta ga dukkan yara a kasar. Koyaya, batutuwan da suka shafi kudade, horar da malamai, mazauna karkara, da rashin isassun kayan aiki suna ci gaba da hana ci gaban ci gaban ilimi a Uganda.  'Yan mata a Uganda ana nuna musu wariya sosai ta fuskar ilimi; suna fuskantar tarnaki masu tsauri a lokacin da suke kokarin neman ilimi wanda hakan ya sa al’ummar mata ba su da hakki, duk da kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na ganin ta toshe wannan gibin. 

 Ilimi na farko 
Tsarin ilimi na yanzu, wanda aka fi sani da Universal Primary Education (UPE), ya wanzu tun 1997, kuma gabatar da shi ya samo asali ne na mulkin demokraɗiyya da zaɓen buɗe ido, saboda ana samun goyon bayan jama'a na ilimi kyauta.  Duk da ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓakawa na yin rajista, al'amurran da suka shafi kudade da ƙungiya sun ci gaba da addabar UPE.   A shekarar 1999 akwai yara miliyan shida da suka sami ilimin firamare, inda a shekarar 1986 miliyan biyu ne kawai. Lambobi sun sami haɓaka a 1997 lokacin da aka ba da ilimin firamare kyauta ga yara huɗu kowane iyali. Ba duk daliban da suka kammala karatun firamare ne ke zuwa makarantar sakandare ba.  Wannan ya danganta ne da cin nasarar Jarrabawar Firamare (PLE).

Uganda na daya daga cikin kasashe masu tasowa na gabashin Afirka, tana iyaka da Tanzaniya, Rwanda, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Sudan ta Kudu, da Kenya . Tana da fadin  kuma yana da mutane 26,404,543. "CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Uganda", Central Intelligence Agency of the United States, 1 January 2003 A cewar CIA World Fact Book 2004, fiye da kashi 80 cikin 100 na al'ummarta mazauna karkara ne kuma kashi 35% na mutanen suna rayuwa ƙasa da talauci.  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana halin da kasar Uganda ke ciki a halin yanzu tare da gwamnatinta da ke fama da rashin kwanciyar hankali a matsayin "mafi girman matsalar jin kai a duniya." 
A cikin 1997 gwamnatin Uganda ta gabatar da shirin Ilimin Firamare na Duniya (UPE) don inganta yin rajista da samun nasara a makarantun firamare.  Da farko an fahimci cewa za a ba da ilimi kyauta ga yara hudu a kowane iyali, amma shirin ba ya yin aiki bisa ka'idojinsa saboda sarkar tsarin iyalai na Uganda. Yawancin iyalai na Uganda suna da yara fiye da hudu kuma gidaje sun fara tura kowane yaro, wanda ya haifar da karuwar yawan daliban shiga makarantun firamare.  Saboda halin da ake ciki, shugaba Museveni ya sanar da cewa UPE a bude take ga dukkan yaran iyalai (Omona 74). Lokacin da aka aiwatar da sabuwar manufar, makarantu sun sami ɗimbin ɗumbin ɗalibai kuma buƙatun kayan koyo, malamai, da ababen more rayuwa sun zama ƙalubale ga tsarin ilimi.  Ngaka ya bayar da hujjar cewa UPE ta haifar da sakamako mai tsada, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga rashin ingantaccen ilimi ba, ƙarancin nasarar ɗalibi, malaman da ba a horar da su, ingantattun kayan more rayuwa da saitunan aji.  Shirin Auna Haƙƙin Dan Adam ya baiwa Uganda maki 92.3% na shiga makarantar firamare.

Uganda tana da shekaru bakwai na karatun firamare kuma shekarun doka don shiga makaranta shine shida.  Bisa kididdigar da ma'aikatar ilimi da wasanni (MoES) ta yi, yawan shiga makarantu ya karu daga miliyan uku zuwa miliyan 5.3 a shekarar 1997 kuma adadin ya karu da sauri zuwa miliyan bakwai a shekarar 2004.  Ko da yake an yi la'akari da karuwar yawan ɗaliban a matsayin abu mai kyau, akwai malamai 125,883 kawai, wanda ya zarce UPE ya buƙaci rabon ɗalibai da malamai na 1:40.  Yawan almajirai yana sa muhallin koyo ya zama ɓatanci yayin da ya zama da wahala a ji malami da koyarwa. A cewar Arbeiter da Hartley, azuzuwan suna tsakanin ɗalibai 70 zuwa 150 kuma akwai karatun fiye da shekaru a duk makarantu. Moyi ya bayyana batun yawancin azuzuwan da ke da shekarun da bai dace ba kamar yadda aka yi la’akari da su a lokacin yin rajista ko kuma maimaita maki, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin ingancin ilimi.  Misali, “Aji na uku ya hada da daliban da ke tsakanin shekara bakwai zuwa sha shida kuma a aji shida akwai daliban da suka kai shekaru goma sha tara. " 

 Ilimin sakandare 
Akwai bambanci sosai tsakanin adadin shiga makarantun firamare da sakandare a Uganda. Kididdiga ta shekarar 2004 ta nuna cewa ga kowane dalibai goma da suka yi rajista a makarantun firamare, daya ne kawai ke shiga makarantar sakandare.   Shirin Auna Hakkokin Dan Adam ya baiwa Uganda maki 36%. Tsarin tsarin ilimin sakandare na Uganda ya biyo bayan tsarin ilimi na tsohuwar mulkin mallaka, Birtaniya. An raba shi zuwa matakin Talakawa da Na gaba.

Karamar sakandire ta kunshi shekaru 4 na makaranta a karshensu dalibai suna yin jarrabawar matakin farko (O-level) a cikin darussa akalla 8 tare da mafi girman darussa 10. Sakandare ta ƙunshi shekaru 2 na karatu a ƙarshe wanda ɗalibai za su yi jarrabawar Advanced-Level (A-level) a cikin darussa akalla 3.  

Yanzu haka Cibiyar Bunkasa Manhaja ta Kasa tana duba tsarin karatun kananan Sakandare, kuma ana sa ran fitar da wani sabon manhaja a shekarar 2014 ko 2015.

Makarantun fasaha na shekaru uku sun ba da madadin makarantar sakandare. Madadin waɗanda suka kammala karatun sakandare sun haɗa da: Cibiyoyin fasaha na shekaru 2-3; Kwalejojin Malamai na Firamare na shekara 2 (PTC); Kwalejojin Horar da Sashen (DTCs) da Makarantun Sakandare; ciki har da:

 Makarantar sakandare ta Manafwa Mbale, gaurayawan rana da hawan (s1 zuwa s6)
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Kitante Hill - Makarantar rana ta hade
 Makarantar Sakandare na Seeta - Makarantar kwana ta gauraya (S1 zuwa S6)
 St Mary's Secondary School Kitende
 Maryhill High School - Makarantar 'yan mata ta kwana a Mbarara (S.1 zuwa S.6)
 Kwalejin Trinity Nabbingo- Makarantar 'yan mata. (S.1 zuwa S.6)
 St. Mary's College Kisubi - Duk makarantar kwana na yaro
 Kwalejin Dutsen Saint Mary's Namagunga - Makarantar kwana ta 'ya mace (S1 zuwa S6)
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Kibuli - Hadaddiyar rana da makarantar kwana (S1 zuwa S6)
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Bugema Adventist - Makarantun allo mai hade (S1 zuwa S6)
 Kwalejin King's Budo - Makarantar kwana ta gauraya (S1 zuwa S6)
 Gayaza High School - Makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata (S1 zuwa S6) - Makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata mafi girma
 Canza Cibiyar Ilimi (Secondary, Kasangati ) - Makarantar Sakandare Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kirista, Gauraye
 Makarantar Sakandaren Shahidai ta Uganda Namugongo - Makarantar allo mai hade
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Mengo - Makarantar rana gauraya
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Ndejje - Makarantar kwana (S1 zuwa S6)
 Makarantar Ntare
 Yesu Akwagala high school-Kalungu Masaka. gauraye rana da hawan
 Nabulali High School
 Kwalejin St. Henry Kitovu
 St. Kizito SS Kabowa - Mixed day and boarding school (S1 zuwa S6)
 Makarantar Kolejin Makerere
 Kwalejin Comboni
 Kinaawa High School-mugongo - makarantar hade
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Jamus Uganda 
 Kolejin Kiira Butiki - Makarantar kwana ta Boys a Jinja (S1 zuwa S6) wacce aka kafa a 1959
 Kwalejin Ebony Luwero - Mixed day da makarantar kwana (S1 zuwa S6)
 Wurin zama na Makarantar Sakandare Hikima- Duk-yarinya rana da makarantar kwana (S1 zuwa S6) 
 Kwalejin Sseguku Hill- Duk-yarinya da makarantar kwana (S1 zuwa S6) 
 Mackay Memorial College Mixed day da makarantar kwana dake Nateete (S1 zuwa S6)
 Makarantar Sakandare ta Garin Serere  - Kirista mai zaman kansa "O" da "A" Matsayin Haɗin Rana da Makarantar kwana
 St.Lawrence Group Of Schools.

 Makarantun duniya 
+Makarantun duniya a Uganda Suna Wuri Yawan jama'a kafa Acacia International School  Aga Khan High School  Makarantar Kirista ta Bethel International  Delhi Public School International  Galaxy International School of Uganda  Seven Hills International School  Taibah International School  Hana International School Uganda  Heritage International School  International School of Uganda Kampala Makarantar Duniya ta Rainbow Kampala Kampala International School Kampala Harvest International School  Kirista International School  Kwalejin Vienna Namugongo  Namugongo

 Ilimin gaba da sakandare 
Ko da yake dalibai 60,000 zuwa 70,000 a Uganda suna barin makarantar sakandare a kowace shekara, sun cancanci zuwa manyan makarantu, kawai kashi 35 cikin 100 (25,000) ne kawai ke iya samun gurbi a ƙananan makarantu. Yawancin dalibai suna zuwa jami'o'i, na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu. Jami'ar Makerere da ke Kampala na da kusan rabin yawan daliban jami'o'in Uganda. Sauran ana rarraba su a tsakanin jami'o'i masu zaman kansu fiye da 30 da ƙananan cibiyoyin da ba na jami'a ba. Jami'o'in da aka amince da su a Uganda sun haɗa da:

 Jami'o'in gwamnati 

 Busitema University
 Jami'ar Gulu
 Jami'ar Kabale
 Jami'ar Kyamago
 Jami'ar Makerere
 Mbarara University of Science &amp; Technology
 Jami'ar Muni
 Jami'ar Soroti
 Jami'ar Lira
 Mukwaya Johns University in Uganda

 Jami'o'i masu alaka da addini 

 Jami'ar Littafi Mai Tsarki ta Afirka
 Jami'ar Sabunta Afirka, Buloba
 All Saints University
 Ankole Western University
 Bishop Stuart University
 Jami'ar Bugema
 Jami'ar Busoga
 Jami'ar Musulunci a Uganda
 Kumi University
 LivingStone International University
 Jami'ar Kirista ta Ndejje
 Jami'ar Kirista ta Uganda
 Jami'ar Shuhada ta Uganda
 Uganda Pentecostal University
 Metropolitan International University
 Jami'ar Kisubi (UNIK)

 Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu 

 Jami'ar Duniya ta Gabashin Afirka
 Jami'ar Karkara ta Afirka
 Jami'ar Cavendish Uganda
 Jami'ar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Duniya
 Kayiwa University
 Muteesa I Royal University
 Jami'ar Kampala
 Jami'ar ISBAT
 Kampala International University
 Dutsen Jami'ar Wata
 Muteesa I Royal University
 Jami'ar Nkumba
 Royal Open University
 St. Augustine International University
 Jami'ar St. Lawrence
 Jami'ar Fasaha da Gudanarwa ta Uganda
 Jami'ar Victoria
 Jami'ar Nile

 Ilimin sana'a da fasaha 
Ilimin Sana'a da Fasaha wani bangare ne na tsarin ilimi a Uganda. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta jagoranci kokarin tallafawa wannan nau'i na ilimi ta hanyar reshen UNESCO na Cibiyar Ilimin Fasaha da Koyarwa ta Duniya (TVET). A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "an ayyana aikin TVET na Uganda a matsayin tabbatar da cewa daidaikun mutane da kamfanoni sun sami kwarewar da suke bukata don bunkasa yawan aiki da samun kudin shiga." UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training. "World TVET Database Uganda." UNESCO, 2014. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen TVET sun bambanta a cikin sarƙaƙƙiya da iyawa. Wasu suna ba wa masu sana'a ko horo matakin fasaha wanda zai maye gurbin daidaitattun hanyoyin karatun sakandare, yayin da wasu shirye-shiryen TVET ke ba da ilimin digiri na injiniya ga ɗaliban da ke neman ilimi a matakin sakandare ko na gaba. 

 Shirye-shiryen karatun karatu 
Ƙungiyoyin karatu na farko sun kasance suna da taimako da jagoranci na Yammacin Turai kuma tun daga lokacin sun ba da hanya ga mafi girman tsarin kula da ilimin manya da matasa a Uganda. Wannan sauyin ya biyo bayan fahimtar shugabanni a kasashen yammaci da kuma Uganda cewa karatun boko da turanci musamman, ba wani harsashi na azurfa ba ne na warware matsalolin tattalin arzikin Uganda.  Yawancin ayyukan karatu suna gudana ne ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke aiki a matakin ƙananan hukumomi tare da gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙauye. Akwai babban buƙatu ga waɗannan shirye-shiryen, kuma ƙimar dawowarsu, gamsuwarsu,  da riƙe karatun karatu ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun sun yi yawa. The World Bank. "Adult Literacy Programs in Uganda." The World Bank, 2001. Duk da haka, waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna fuskantar ƙalubale masu girma da suka haɗa da rashin kuɗi, rashin jin daɗin jama'a, da rashin jin daɗin karatun karatu da adabi.  

 Bayan rikici Arewacin Uganda 
Ilimi yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar sauyi bayan rikici a Arewacin Uganda (duba Rikici a Arewacin Uganda ), saboda yana taimakawa haɓaka damar mutane don kuɓuta daga tarzoma da wahala.  An ƙaddamar da Ilimin Firamare na Duniya na Uganda (UPE) a ƙarƙashin takardar farar takarda ta gwamnatin Uganda ta 1992 don cimma ci gaban ɗan adam ta hanyar samar da albarkatun da kowane yaro zai iya shiga kuma ya ci gaba da zama a makaranta har zuwa makarantar sakandare, tabbatar da ilimi mai araha, da rage talauci ta hanyar samarwa daidaikun mutane abubuwan asali. basira.  Ilimin Firamare na Duniya (UPE) na Uganda ya haifar da yawan masu shiga Jami'a a Arewacin Uganda, amma ilimi yana da ƙarancin inganci kuma ɗalibai kaɗan a zahiri sun kammala makarantar firamare. Akwai rashin isassun kayan aiki; Misali a cikin makarantun firamare 238 da ke Pader, 47 har yanzu suna karkashin bishiya, karancin masaukin malamai na haifar da rashin zuwa makaranta da kuma a wasu yankunan matsakaicin malamin firamare da dalibai ya kai 1:200. 

Tun daga shekara ta 2006, lokacin da rikicin Arewacin Uganda ya ƙare, tsarin ilimi yana buƙatar goyon baya mai ɗorewa, kuma ya taka rawa wajen farfadowa da sulhu bayan yakin.  Tare da tsarin karatun ilimi, ana buƙatar malamai a wannan yanki su jagoranci, tallafawa, da kuma zama abin koyi ga ɗalibai. Shirye-shiryen da masu ba da tallafi na kasa da kasa suka samu nasara a arewacin Uganda sun biya kudaden horar da malamai na makarantun sakandare don tabbatar da cewa yara sun ci gaba da karatu kuma ana koyar da su isassun abubuwan da ke haifar da mafi yawan maki a jarrabawar kasa.  Shirin gwamnati mai nasara ya samar da mataimakan azuzuwan malamai wadanda suka maida hankalinsu ga daliban da suka fadi a baya. Ya inganta ingantaccen sakamakon koyo na waɗannan ɗalibai. 

Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa kammala karatun sakandare ya zama dole don a ba wa mutum damar da ta dace don tsira daga talauci, saboda ayyukan yi da samun kudin shiga ga wadanda suka kammala makarantun firamare kadai ya yi daidai da wadanda ba su halarta ba kwata-kwata. Bayan rikici Arewacin Uganda yana da matsaloli na musamman kamar yadda malamai ke da wuyar samu. Rikicin ya haifar da bacewar tsararraki da kansu ba tare da isassun ilimi ba kuma har yanzu malamai daga wasu yankuna na cikin damuwa game da tsaro a yankin. Yawancin ’yan uwa da suka rasa rayukansu a lokacin rikicin da tilasta musu hijira daga gidajensu sun kawo cikas ga rayuwarsu da al’ummominsu, lamarin da ya kai ga rasa kwanciyar hankali da tsarin tallafi.  Ana buƙatar ƙarin tallafi ga yara a makarantu don sake gina babbar asarar tsarin tallafi, don samar da dabarun rayuwa, da samun wanda suke jin aminci da kwanciyar hankali zuwa bayan shekaru na rashin kwanciyar hankali. Masanan sun ce bunkasa ilimi zai baiwa kowane yaro damar girma a muhallin da aka ba su damar ba da gudummawa cikin walwala, cikin aminci, da cikakkiyar damar rayuwar su da ta sauran al’ummarsu. 

 Ilimin mata 
Bambance-bambancen karatu da rashin daidaito na ilimi sune babban abin da ke haifar da rashin daidaiton jinsi. Halartar makaranta mata a kowane mataki na al'umma a Uganda bai kai na maza ba.  Ana iya danganta hakan ga talauci, rashin isassun ababen more rayuwa, matsalolin zamantakewa, da farkon haihuwa.  Wadannan shingaye suna ci gaba da wanzuwa a tsawon rayuwar mace, saboda wani kalubalen da mata manya ke fuskanta a fannin ilimin karatu a Uganda shine rayuwar gida.  Wani rahoton Bankin Duniya ya gano cewa babban abin da ke hana halartar azuzuwan karatun manya shi ne mazan da ke hana matansu halartar. The World Bank. "Adult Literacy Programs in Uganda." The World Bank, 2001. Bisa kididdigar da Majalisar dinkin duniya ta yi na ilimantar da ‘yan mata, har yanzu yawan karatun yara kanana ya ragu da na samari da kashi biyar cikin dari, kuma kusan rabin dukkan ‘yan matan Uganda suna aure kafin su kai shekara 18.  Bincike ya nuna cewa yawan aure da ciki kafin shekaru 18 ya ragu da kusan kashi 7% lokacin da 'yan mata suka sami karin shekara na ilimi. 

Tun daga shekarar 1997, UPE ta yi niyyar samar da daidaiton ilimi ga dukkan yaran kasar, musamman ga wadanda ke yankunan karkara, masu fama da talauci. Ya sami sakamako mai cike da cece-kuce, amma gabaɗaya shirin UPE ya sami nasarar ba da izinin yin rajista mai yawa, musamman tsakanin 'yan mata. Duk da haka, babu wani haske kan ko akwai ainihin abubuwan da suka shafi wariyar jinsi da suka shafi ko yaran suna zuwa makaranta; an lura cewa shigar yara mata ya danganta ne da shekarun su da kuma matakin karatun mahaifiyarsu. Su kuma samari, matakin karatun mahaifinsu ko mahaifiyarsu bai shafe su ba.  Uganda ta samu maki .517 akan ma'aunin daidaiton jinsi na shirin ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kamar yadda rahoton ci gaban bil'adama ya ruwaito.  Wannan ma'auni yana kimanta daidaiton mata ta fuskoki daban-daban da suka haɗa da: lafiya, ƙarfafawa, da samun damar shiga kasuwar aiki. 

Kasar Uganda ta aiwatar da tsarin koyar da ‘ya’ya mata na kasa (NSGE) domin samar da daidaito a fannin ilimi ga mata da ‘ya’ya mata tare da nuna wasu matsaloli daban-daban da ke hana su samun ilimi, musamman karatun sakandare.  Daga ƙarshe, tsarin NSGE ya fi karkata don gano waɗannan shingen maimakon ba da haske don taimakawa shawo kan waɗannan cikas kamar wuri, haila, nauyin gida da ɗabi'a gabaɗaya a cikin yankin makaranta. 

Haila wani shamaki ne da ‘yan mata ke fuskanta na hana su zuwa makaranta. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, nasarar da aka samu a makarantun Ugandan sun haɗa da rarraba na'urori masu tsafta da za a sake amfani da su.  Wannan yana ba wa 'yan mata kwarin gwiwar zuwa makaranta ba tare da hana hailarsu ba. Samar da mahimman albarkatu kamar santsin tsafta yana tabbatar da ingantacciyar rayuwa kuma yana ƙarfafa ma'anar mutunci da kima. 

A cikin 2007 gwamnati ta aiwatar da Ilimin Sakandare na Duniya (USE) tare da bincike da ke nuna cewa yawan shiga makarantun sakandare na 'yan mata ya karu kusan kashi 49%.  Wannan manufar ita ce mafi fa'ida ga 'yan matan gidaje masu fama da talauci waɗanda in ba haka ba da ba za su sami damar zuwa ba saboda kudade da kuma imanin gaba ɗaya cewa karatun sakandaren maza yana haifar da fa'ida fiye da 'yan mata.  Akwai ƴan bayanai don ƙara yawan yin rajista baya ga manufofin USE kamar rahoto mara kyau ko kuskuren shigar ɗalibai, yawan yawan jama'a, da sabbin makarantu da ake ginawa ko haɗa su cikin manufofin USE.  Bugu da ƙari, aikin gabaɗaya tun lokacin da ake amfani da USE ya ragu a cikin makarantu, saboda malamai suna aiki a cikin yanayi mafi muni kuma ɗalibai ba su da himma, musamman ma yadda iyayensu suka ga ilimi gaba ɗaya a cikin mulkin gwamnati yayin da manufofin yana nufin haɗa ɗimbin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo don tallafawa ilimin yara. 

Gwamnati ta yi yunƙurin manufofi daban-daban da aka yi niyya a kan ilimin manya, tare da rashin daidaituwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: Shirin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararru (FAL), Shirin Ƙarfafa Mata (WEP), da Shirin Ƙwararren Ƙwararru na Ƙasa (NALSIP).   Wasu sakamakon sun tabbatar da cewa waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun inganta yanayin rayuwar mata, saboda sun ƙara yin tasiri a cikin yanke shawara, haɓaka tattalin arziki, inganta girman kai, da sanin hakkokinsu a cikin al'umma.  Duk da haka, waɗannan sakamakon ba su yadu ba; mata da yawa ba sa yin rajistar waɗannan shirye-shirye, musamman na yankunan karkara na Uganda. Matan da suka zaɓi yin rajista sau da yawa suna da ƙarancin halarta ko kuma yawan waɗanda suka fice. 

 Magana 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba