Split

Split wanda aka fi sani da suna Spalato a tarihi (daga Venetian: Spàlato, Italiyanci: Spalato mai suna [ˈspalato]; duba wasu sunaye), birni ne na biyu mafi girma na Croatia bayan babban birnin kasar Zagreb, birni mafi girma a Dalmatiya kuma birni mafi girma a gabar tekun Croatia. Ya ta'allaka ne a gabar gabashin Tekun Adriatic kuma an bazu a kan wata tsakiyar tsibiri da kewaye. Cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki ta cikin yanki da mashahurin wurin yawon buɗe ido, garin yana da alaƙa da tsibiran Adriatic da Apennine Peninsula. Fiye da masu yawon bude ido 900,000 suna ziyartar Split kowace shekara.

An kafa birnin a matsayin mulkin mallaka na Hellenanci na Aspálathos (Girkanci: Ἀσπάλαθος) a cikin karni na 3 ko na biyu KZ a gabar tekun Illyrian Dalmatae, kuma a cikin 305 AZ, ya zama wurin Fadar Sarkin Diocletian na Rome., Ya zama sanannen wurin zama a kusa da 650 lokacin da ya gaji tsohon babban birnin lardin Roman Dalmatia, Salona. Bayan buhu na Salona da Avars da Slavs, gagararre Palace na Diocletian aka zaunar da Roman 'yan gudun hijira. Raba ya zama birni na Byzantine. Daga baya ya zarce zuwa yankin Jamhuriyar Venice da Masarautar Croatia, tare da Rumawa suna riƙe da suzerainty na ƙima. 
Domin yawancin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Maɗaukaki da Marigayi, Split ya ji daɗin cin gashin kai a matsayin birni mai kyauta na jihohin Dalmatian, wanda aka kama a tsakiyar gwagwarmaya tsakanin Venice da Croatia don iko da garuruwan Dalmatian.

Venice daga ƙarshe ta yi nasara kuma a lokacin farkon zamani Split ya kasance birni na Venetian, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan shinge mai kewaye da yankin Ottoman. An ci nasarar ƙasar ta daga Ottomans a cikin Yaƙin Morean na 1699, kuma a cikin 1797, yayin da Venice ta faɗo hannun Napoleon, Yarjejeniyar Campo Formio ta mayar da birni ga masarautar Habsburg..<ref name="JWilkes">Wilkes, J., Diocletian's Palace, Split : Residence of a Retired Roman Emperor, 17. The name Aspálathos had referred to a white thorn common in the area. Thus, contrary to popular belief, the name Spalatum has nothing to do with the Latin word for palace, palatium.
 According to Wilkes, the erroneous etymology was notably due to Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. A shekarar 1805, Amincin Pressburg ya ƙara da shi zuwa Masarautar Napoleon na Italiya kuma a cikin 1806 an haɗa ta cikin Daular Faransa, ta zama wani yanki na Lardunan Illyrian a 1809. Bayan an mamaye shi a 1813, a ƙarshe an ba da ita ga Daular Austriya bayan ta biyo baya. Majalisar Vienna, inda birnin ya kasance wani yanki na Masarautar Dalmatiya ta Austriya har zuwa faduwar Austria-Hungary a 1918 da samuwar Yugoslavia. A yakin duniya na biyu, Italiya ta mamaye birnin, sannan 'yan Partisans suka 'yantar da shi bayan mulkin Italiya a 1943. Bayan haka Jamus ta sake mamaye shi, wanda ya ba shi ga 'yar tsana ta 'yantacciyar kasa ta Croatia. Yan Partisans sun sake 'yantar da birnin a cikin 1944, kuma an haɗa su cikin Yugoslavia mai ra'ayin gurguzu bayan yaƙi, a zaman jumhuriyar Croatia. A cikin 1991, Croatia ta balle daga Yugoslavia a cikin yakin 'yancin kai na Croatia.
Tarihin Suna
Sunan Aspálathos ko Spálathos na iya fitowa daga tsintsiya madaurinki ɗaya (Calicotome spinosa, ἀσπάλαθος a cikin Girkanci), kodayake tsintsiya ce ta Sipaniya mai alaƙa (Spartium junceum, σπάρτος) wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yankin.

Bayan cin nasarar Romawa, sunan ya zama Spalatum ko Aspalatum a cikin Latin, wanda a tsakiyar zamanai ya samo asali zuwa Aspalathum, Spalathum, Spalatrum da Spalatro a cikin yaren Dalmatian na yawan Romance na birni. Tun daga zamanin farko na zamani, a cikin wasiƙun wasiƙu na duniya da kuma a cikin duk takaddun hukuma na birni, sunan hukuma shine Latin Spalatum. Rubutun Venetian Spalato, ya zama hukuma a ƙarni na 18 a ƙarƙashin mulkin Venetian kuma har yanzu sunan birni ne a Italiyanci. Daga karni na 10 zuwa gaba, amfani da gida shine Spaleto, daga inda, ta hanyar mataki *Spəlētu- zuwa *Splětъ, ya zo da siffofin Kudancin Slavic: ekavian Splet, ijekavian Spljet da ikavian Split. A cikin karni na 19, biyo bayan yunkurin Illyrian da kuma amincewa da shi a hukumance ta Masarautar Habsburg, sunayen Croatian Split da Split sun zama sananne sosai, kafin Split ya maye gurbin Spljet a hukumance a 1910, ta hanyar yanke shawara na majalisar birni.

A da, ana tunanin sunan yana da alaƙa da Latin palatium 'sarauniya', mai nuni ga Fadar Diocletian. An samar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban, kamar ra'ayin cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga S. Palatium, gajeriyar Salonae Palatium. Kuskuren ƙa'idodin "sararin samaniya" sun kasance musamman saboda Sarkin Byzantine Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, kuma daga baya Thomas the Archdeacon ya ambace shi. Garin, duk da haka, ya girmi fadar a ƙarni da yawa.Split , Encyclopædia Britannica

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