Marianne Williams

Marianne Williams, tare da surukarta Jane Williams, ta kasance malami ne na farko a New Zealand. Sun kafa makarantu ga yara Māori da manya da kuma ilimantar da yara na Church Missionary Society (CMS) a Bay of Islands, New Zealand .  Matan Māori sun kira ta Mata Wiremu (Uwar Williams). 

 Rayuwa ta farko 
Marianne Williams, mai suna Marianne Coldham, an haife ta ne a Yorkshire, Ingila a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1793. Marianne ita ce 'yar fari ta Wright da Anne Coldham . Wright Coldham da Thomas Williams (surukin Marianne) sun kasance masu sutura a Nottingham, kuma dukansu Sheriffs ne. Iyalin sun koma Nottingham daga Norwich. Mahaifinta, Wright Coldham, ya kasance memba mai aiki na Presbyterian High Pavement Chapel a Nottingham .  Wright Coldham ya sami karbuwa a matsayin Burgess na Nottingham a cikin 1796;  a matsayin Sheriff na Nottingham a cikin 1798;  kuma a matsayin Magajin garin Nottingham. : mw-Ref 3;">[3] A shekara ta 1810 Anne Coldham ta mutu kuma tana da shekaru 16 Marianne ta ɗauki nauyin tayar da 'yan uwanta mata uku, Sarah, Maria da Anne, suna kula da kakarta makaho Mrs Temple, gudanar da gidan magajin gari kuma suna aiki a matsayin Lady Mayoress a abubuwan da suka faru. A shekara ta 1815 Wright Coldham ya mutu.Letters from the Bay of Islands p. 3 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)

Marianne da Henry Williams sun yi aure a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1818 da dan uwan Henry da surukinsa, Rev. Edward Marsh, memba na Church Missionary Society.Letters from the Bay of Islands p. 3 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)

Marianne da Henry sun raba bangaskiyar Kirista kuma sun shiga Church Missionary Society (CMS), tare da yanke shawara a ƙarshe cewa Henry zai zama minista da kuma mishan na CMS a Bay of Islands, New Zealand. A cikin wata wasika zuwa ga Kwamitin CMS na 6 ga Agusta 1822, Henry ya ce game da Marianne: "ba ta bi ni kawai a matsayin matata ba, amma a matsayin abokin taimako a cikin aikin".Sarah Marianne Williams. 'Williams, Marianne - Biography', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand in Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (DNZB)

 Shekaru na farko a cikin Bay of Islands 
A ranar 11 ga Satumba 1822 Henry da Marianne da yara uku sun shiga cikin Lord Sidmouth, jirgin ruwa mai laifi wanda ke dauke da mata masu laifi zuwa Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia . 

Bayan ɗan gajeren zama tare da Rev. Samuel Marsden, ya bi su a cikin jirgin Brampton daga Sydney zuwa Bay of Islands, New Zealand inda suka isa Kerikeri a ranar 7 ga Agusta 1823. Letters from the Bay of Islands (7 August 1823) p. 54 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)

CMS tana da manufa da aka kafa a Kerikeri inda suka zauna yayin da Henry da sauran mambobin CMS suka gina kantin sayar da allon da katako da kuma hutun Raupo a bakin rairayin bakin teku na Paihia. A ranar 15 ga Satumba 1823 iyalin suka koma cikin hutun raupo, wanda Marianne ta bayyana a matsayin yana da bayyanar ƙudan zuma. A cikin 1830 an gina wani gida mai mahimmanci ta amfani da lath da plaster.Letters from the Bay of Islands (3 September 1830) p. 192, (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)

An kawo kaji, ducks, awaki da doki daga Sydney. Ba da daɗewa ba aka noma lambu. Ana noma abinci ko shigo da shi a kan jiragen ruwa masu yawa daga Sydney. Ana iya siyar da naman alade da Kūmara daga Māori, duk da haka a farkon kwanakin bindigogi sune abin musayar da Māori ke so su yi ciniki, amma Henry Williams ya ki cinikin bindigogi. An hana samar da naman alade da sauran abinci a cikin ƙoƙari na matsawa Henry ya sayar da bindigogi don abinci.Rogers, Lawrence M., (1973) Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams, Pegasus Press pp. 60 & 75-76Letters from the Bay of Islands  (11 February 1824) p. 82 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)

 Tsaro na manufa ta shugabannin Ngāpuhi 
Mambobin aikin suna ƙarƙashin kariya na Hongi Hika, rangatira (shugaban) da kuma shugaban yaƙi na Ngāpuhi iwi (ƙabilar). Mai karewa na gaba na aikin Paihia shine shugaban Te Koki da matarsa Ana Hamu, wata mace mai matsayi kuma mai mallakar ƙasar da aikin ya mamaye a Paihia  

A cikin 1827 Hongi Hika ya jagoranci Ngāpuhi a kan kabilun a Whangaroa wanda ya haifar da damuwa tsakanin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje saboda suna tsoron za a kama su cikin fada.Letters from the Bay of Islands (14 Dec 1826) p. 121, (11-19 Jan 1827) p. 123-131 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004) Tsoron masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje ya karu lokacin da wasu daga cikin mayaƙan Hongi Hika, waɗanda suka aikata ba bisa ka'idodinsa ba, suka kwace kuma suka ƙone aikin Wesleyan a Whangaroa.Journal of William Williams, (1 March 1827) p.89 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2011) A lokacin rikici daya daga cikin mayaƙansa ya harbe Hongi Hika a kirji, wanda ya haifar da mishaneri suna tsoron cewa za su sha wahala idan wani muru ya faru bayan mutuwarsa (harin da aka kai saboda girmamawa ga wani shugaban da ya mutu). Journal of William Williams, (1 March 1827) p. 89 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2011) A ranar 6 ga Maris 1828 Hongi Hika ya shafe lokutan karshe "yana gargadi mabiyansa su kasance masu jaruntaka, kuma su kori duk wani karfi, duk da haka, wanda zai iya zuwa musu - yana gaya musu wannan shine duk utu, ko gamsuwa, wanda yake so".Journal of James Stack, Wesleyan missionary (and later CMS missionary), (12 March 1828) p. 99 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2011)

Mutuwar Tiki, ɗan Pōmare I (wanda ake kira Whetoi)  da kuma mutuwar Te Whareumu a cikin 1828 ya jefa Hokianga cikin yanayin rashin tabbas yayin da sauran shugabannin Ngāpuhi suka yi muhawara game da abin da ake buƙata. An nemi Henry ya yi sulhu tsakanin mayakan. Kamar yadda shugabannin Ngāpuhi ba sa so su kara fada, an cimma matsaya ta zaman lafiya.

A cikin 1830 akwai yaƙi, a Kororareka (Russell), wanda ake kira Yakin 'Yan Mata,   wanda kuma ya sa masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje su ji tsoron za a kama su cikin yaƙi.online at NZETCSmith, S. Percy – Maori Wars of the Nineteenth Century. Christchurch 1910Letters from the Bay of Islands (12–17 March 1829) p. 139-41 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)

Duk da yake akwai rashin fahimta da muhawara tsakanin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da Ngāpuhi, ba a taɓa yin barazanar aikin CMS ba.

 Aikin Paihia 
Ayyukan mishan na Henry Williams da yunkurinsa na yin aiki a matsayin mai zaman lafiya a cikin rikice-rikicen kabilanci sun nuna cewa ya shafe watanni a lokaci yana tafiya ta Arewacin tsibirin New Zealand. Marianne ta raba nauyin aiki tare da surukarta, Jane Williams, tare suka kula da ilimantar da iyalansu. Tare da Jane Williams, Marianne ta kafa makarantar kwana ga 'yan mata Māori;  kuma ta ba da darussan ga' ya'yan mishaneri na CMS da safe tare da makarantu ga yara Māori da manya da rana. Letters from the Bay of Islands (16 October 1826) p. 112 (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004)Letters from the Bay of Islands (6 Nov 1826) pp. 116 & 133 (Caroline Fitzgerald 2004) An kafa makarantu a cikin al'ummomin da ke cikin ƙasa daga Bay of Islands . Marianne ta horar da kuma kula da malamai, wadanda suka hada da matan sauran mishaneri na CMS, 'ya'yanta mata, 'yan uwanta ko surukan mata na gaba. A cikin 1832 Marianne da Janes Williams, tare da Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Fairburn, da Mrs. Puckey, sun ci gaba da kula da Makarantar 'Yan Mata, da kuma Makarantar Yara a Paihia.

Ayyukan cikin gida na Marianne sun wuce iyalinta kuma sun haɗa da baƙi Māori da Pākehā zuwa aikin tare da ba da taimako ga wasu membobin CMS a Paihia, Kerikeri da Waimate North.Rogers, Lawrence M., (1973) Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams, Pegasus PressLetters from the Bay of Islands (Caroline Fitzgerald, 2004) Marianne da Henry suna da 'ya'ya goma sha ɗaya:Evans 1992, p. 19
alt=Gravestones of Henry and Marianne Williams, Holy Trinity Church, Pakaraka|right|thumb|400x400px|Kabarin Henry da Marianne Williams, Ikilisiyar Triniti Mai Tsarki, Pakaraka

 Edward Marsh (2 ga Nuwamba 1818 - 11 ga Oktoba 1909). Ya auri Jane Davis, 'yar mishan na CMS Revd Richard Davis.
 Marianne (28 Afrilu 1820 - 25 Nuwamba 1919). Mai wa'azi na CMS mai suna Revd Christopher Pearson Davies . 
 Samuel (17 Janairu 1822 - 14 Maris 1907).  Ya auri Mary Williams, 'yar William da Jane Williams.
 Henry (Harry)  (10 Nuwamba 1823 - 6 Disamba 1907). Ya auri Jane Elizabeth Williams (kuma 'yar William da Jane).
 Thomas Coldham Williams (18 ga Yuli 1825 - 19 ga Mayu 1912). Ya auri Annie Palmer Beetham, 'yar William Beetham.
 John William (6 ga Afrilu 1827 - 27 ga Afrilu 1904). Ya auri Sarah Busby, 'yar James Busby.
 Sarah (26 ga Fabrairu 1829 - 5 ga Afrilu 1866). Ya auri Thomas Bidulph Hutton.
 Catherine (Kate) (24 Fabrairu 1831 - 8 Janairu 1902). Ya auri Revd Octavius Hadfield .
 Caroline Elizabeth (13 Nuwamba 1832 - 20 Janairu 1916). Ya auri Samuel Blomfield Ludbrook.
 Lydia Jane (2 Disamba 1834 - 28 Nuwamba 1891). Ya auri Hugh Carleton.
 Joseph Marsden (5 Maris 1837 - 30 Maris 1892).

 Rayuwa a Pakaraka 
Henry da Marianne sun koma Pakaraka lokacin da Henry ya ki ya koma baya a cikin gardama tare da Gwamna George Grey game da yawan ƙasar da Henry ya samu don samar da 'ya'yansa. A cikin wannan gardamar Bishop Selwyn ya goyi bayan Grey, kuma a cikin 1849 CMS ta yanke shawarar korar Henry daga aiki. Koyaya, a cikin 1854 an sake dawo da Henry zuwa CMS biyo bayan wakilci ga CMS ta Gwamna Grey, Bishop Selwyn da magoya bayan Henry Williams.

Henry da Marianne sun zauna a cikin gidan da aka sani da The Retreat, wanda har yanzu yana tsaye a Pakaraka.see: the website  of the Henry and William Williams Memorial Museum Trust

Marianne Williams ta mutu a Pakaraka, New Zealand, a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1879 kuma an binne ta a cikin filin Cocin Triniti Mai Tsarki a Pakaraka kusa da kabarin Henry Williams .

 Littattafai da tushe 


  (1874) - The life of Henry Williams, Archdeacon of Waimate, Volume I. Auckland NZ.  Online available from Early New Zealand Books (ENZB).
  (1877) - The life of Henry Williams, Archdeacon of Waimate, Volume II. Auckland NZ.  Online available from Early New Zealand Books (ENZB).
 Evans, Rex D. (compiler) (1992) Faith and farming Te huarahi ki te ora; The Legacy of Henry Williams and William Williams. Published by Evagean Publishing, 266 Shaw Road, Titirangi, Auckland NZ. ISBN 0-908951-16-7 (soft cover),  (hard cover),  (leather bound)
 Fitzgerald, Caroline (2004) Letters from the Bay of Islands,  Sutton Publishing Limited, United Kingdom;  (Hardcover). Penguin Books, New Zealand, (Paperback) 
 Fitzgerald, Caroline (2011) Te Wiremu - Henry Williams: Early Years in the North, Huia Publishers, New Zealand 
 Gillies, Iain and John (1998) East Coast Pioneers. A Williams Family Portrait; A Legacy of Land, Love and Partnership. Published by The Gisborne Herald Co. Ltd, Gladstone Road, Gisborne NZ. ISBN 0-473-05118-4
 Mitcalfe, Barry (1963) Nine New Zealanders. Christchurch : Whitcombe and Tombs. The chapter 'Angry peacemaker: Henry Williams – A missionary's courage wins Maori converts' (p. 32 - 36)
 Rogers, Lawrence M., (1973) Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams, Pegasus Press
 Williams, William (1867) – Christianity among the New Zealanders. London. Online available from Archive.org.
 Williams, W. The Turanga journals, 1840–1850. Ed. F. Porter. Wellington, 1974 Online available from ENZB
 Woods, S. M. Marianne Williams, Christchurch, 1977

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Haɗin waje 

 Henry Williams kwafin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi akan Tarihin New Zealand a kan layi.
 Jaridu na Farko na Henry Williams; Babban Mishan a New Zealand na Church Missionary Society (1826-40) . Lawrence M. Rogers ne ya shirya shi. Pegasus Press, Christchurch 1961, a NZETC
 NZETC.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-209643.html#image-gallery" id="mwAg8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">wasu zane-zane da Henry Williams ya yi a NZETC
 Halin Henry Williams wanda Hugh Carleton ya bayyana (1874) - Rayuwar Henry Williams
 Sarah Marianne Williams 'Williams, Marianne - Biography', daga Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . Te Ara - Encyclopedia na New Zealand a cikin Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (DNZB)  
 Robin Fisher 'Williams, Henry - Biography', daga Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . Te Ara - Encyclopedia na New Zealand  a cikin Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (DNZB)  

 Runbun hotona 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba