Bertha Louise Douglass

Bertha Louise Douglass (Janairu 26, 1895 - Fabrairu 29, 1980) 'yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a Ba'amurkiya ce kuma lauya wacce ita ce Ba'amurkiya ta biyu da aka shigar da ita Barr Jihar Virginia.   

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
An haifi Bertha L. Douglass a cikin shekarar 1895 a Norfolk, Virginia, 'yar John H. Douglass da Margaret Anne Cornick Douglass. Ta halarci makarantun gwamnati kuma ta sauke karatu daga Norfolk Mission College a shekarar 1915. 

 Sana'a 

 Doka 
A cikin shekarar 1917, Douglass ta fara aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na John Eugene Diggs, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan lauyoyin Afirka na Norfolk. Douglass ta zama Notary Public na Virginia a cikin shekarar 1919. 

Douglass ta yi rajista a Makarantar Koyarwa ta Amurka a cikin shekarar 1922. Ta ci jarrabawar Bar a shekara ta 1926, kuma ta zama mace ta biyu Ba'amurkiya da ta amince da yin aikin lauya a Virginia, kuma mace ta farko bakar fata a Norfolk.    Bayan zama lauya, Douglass ta fara aiki a matsayin lauya a kamfanin lauya na Diggs. A cikin aikin, ta ƙware a cikin dokokin farar hula, wasiyya, da shari'o'in fansho na tarayya. 

A cikin shekarar 1930s, Douglass ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Bar Association of Norfolk County. A cikin shekarar 1940s, Douglass ta yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban Virginia na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Mata ta Ƙasa. Douglass  kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na kungiyar Bar Association of Old Dominion. 

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Douglass ta kasance mai aikin sa kai tare da baƙar fata Norfolk Auxiliary na Red Cross Motor Corps. Newby-Alexander, Cassandra (2015). "Bertha Louise Douglass (26 January 1895-29 February 1980) Biography". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved 2023-10-31.

A cikin shekarar 1949, Douglass ya buɗe ofishin lauya.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara ga ƙungiyar Norfolk Association of Real Estate Brokers, ƙungiyar da ta yi aiki don yaƙar wariyar wariyar gidaje ga iyalan Amurkawa na Afirka. A waje da aikinta na doka, Douglass itace mai shi kuma mai kula da Kamfanin Eureka Real Estate Company daga shekarun 1944 zuwa 1974. Ta yi ritaya daga aikin lauya a ƙarshen shekarun 1970s. Mazurowski, Maura (October 14, 2019). "Women attorneys saluted as part of Virginia's history" (PDF). Virginia Lawyers Weekly.

 Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama 
A cikin shekarar 1940s, Douglass ta ƙarfafa matan Amurka na Afirka su yi rajista don jefa ƙuri'a, kuma ta kasance memba na Negro Women's Democratic Club na Norfolk. Ta kuma taimaka wa matan Amurkawa 'yan Afirka da biyan harajin zaɓe. Bayan shekara ta 1955 Brown v. Board of Education ruling, Douglass ta kasance mai rattaba hannu kan takardar koke ga Babban Taro na Virginia da Gwamna Thomas B. Stanley don raba makarantun jama'a na Virginia. Newby-Alexander, Cassandra (2015). "Bertha Louise Douglass (26 January 1895-29 February 1980) Biography". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved 2023-10-31.

A cikin shekarar 1961, Douglass ya taimaka wajen shirya zama a manyan shaguna uku a Virginia. Ta yi aiki tare da NAACP don tallafawa ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na ware manyan shagunan. Newby-Alexander, Cassandra (2015). "Bertha Louise Douglass (26 January 1895-29 February 1980) Biography". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved 2023-10-31.

 Mutuwa da Martaba 
Douglass ta mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu, 1980, kuma an haɗa ta a makabartar Calvary a Norfolk. Newby-Alexander, Cassandra (2015). "Bertha Louise Douglass (26 January 1895-29 February 1980) Biography". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved 2023-10-31. Sunanta yana cikin bangon girmamawa na Mata na Virginia a babban birnin jihar a Richmond. Mazurowski, Maura (October 14, 2019). "Women attorneys saluted as part of Virginia's history" (PDF). Virginia Lawyers Weekly.

 Manazarta 

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