Ibn al-Haytham

Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham ( Latinized as Alhazen  suna   ;  ) masani ne na lissafi, masanin ilmin taurari, kuma masanin kimiyyar Physics na Musulunci daga Iraki ta yau. Also Alhacen, Avennathan, Avenetan, etc.; the identity of "Alhazen" with Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "was identified towards the end of the 19th century".    For the description of his main fields, see e.g.  ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") ,  ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."),  ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.") Wanda ake kiranshi da 
a matsayin Baban fasahar gani ta zamani (kyamar) ani",    ya ba da gudummawa sosakan abinda ya shafi in gani da hangen nesa musamman. Babban littafin sa mai suna Kitāb al-Manāẓir ( Larabci : , "Littafin Optics"), wanda aka rubuta a lokacin 1011-1021, wanda aka buga shi a cikin bugun Latin. : "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the  Ishaku Newton, Johannes Kepler, Christian Huygens, da Galileo Galilei sun yi ta ambaton ayyukan Alhazen a lokacin juyin juya halin kimiyya.

Ibn al-Haytham shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana yadda za'a ƙirƙira kyamara wadda za'a iya hangowa daga nesa,  kuma ya yi jayayya cewa hangen nesa yana faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana mai nuni da abubuwan da aka lura cewa abin da ke tattare da shi ne kuma abin da ya shafi kwarewar mutum.  Ya kuma bayyana ka'idar mafi ƙarancin lokaci don hango wanda daga baya zai zama an ɗauka.  Ya ba da  gudummawa mai girma ga catoptrics da dioptrics ta hanyar nazarin tunani, refraction da yanayin hotuna da aka tattara ta hanyar haske. Ibn al-Haytham ya kasance farkon ma'abocin ra'ayin cewa dole ne a goyi bayan hasashen ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa tabbatattun hanyoyin da za a iya tabbatar da su ko kuma dalilai na lissafi - farkon majagaba a cikin hanyar kimiyya ƙarni biyar kafin masana kimiyya na Renaissance, Haq, Syed (2009).  G. J. Toomer.    Wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin "masanin kimiyya na farko na duniya". Har ila yau ya kasance mai ilimin lissafi, yayi rubutu akan falsafa, tiyoloji da likitanci. Roshdi Rashed, Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrical Methods and the Philosophy of Mathematics: A History of Arabic Sciences and Mathematics, Volume 5, Routledge (2017), p. 635
An haife shi a Basra, ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa na hazakarsa a babban birnin Fatimid na Alkahira kuma ya samu rayuwarsa wajen rubuta littafai daban-daban da koyar da mutane. According to Al-Qifti.  Ibn al-Haytham wani lokaci ana kiran sa al-Basri bayan wurin haihuwarsa,  ko al-Miṣri ("Basaraken").  Disputed: . An yi wa Al-Haytham laƙabi da " Ptolemy na Biyu" na Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi Noted by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi (c. 1097–1169), and by da kuma "Mai ilimin lissafi" na John Peckham . :"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"." Ibn al-Haytham ya share fagen ilimin zamani na kimiyyar gani da ido (wato ta yadda za'a iya ɗaukar hoto).  a taƙaice shine mutum na farko da ya ƙirƙira kyamara, ko kuma ya tabbatar da samuwar kyamara.

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