San Diego

San Diego birni ne a bakin Tekun Pacific a Kudancin California wanda ke kusa da iyakar Mexico da Amurka.  Tare da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 1.3. birnin shine na takwas mafi yawan jama'awa a Amurka kuma na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a jihar California bayan Los Angeles. Birnin shine wurin zama na San Diego County, wanda ke da yawan kusan mutane miliyan 3.3 a shekarar 2021. San Diego an san shi da sauƙin yanayi na shekara-shekara na Bahar Rum, rairayin bakin teku da wuraren shakatawa masu yawa, doguwar alakarsa da Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka, da kuma fitowar kwanan nan a matsayin cibiyar kiwon lafiya da ci gaban Fasahar halittu.

A tarihi gida ne ga 'yan asalin Kumeyaay, San Diego an kira shi wurin haihuwar California, saboda shi ne shafin farko da Turawa suka ziyarta kuma suka zauna a kan abin da ke yanzu Yammacin Yammacin Amurka. Bayan sauka a San Diego Bay a cikin 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo ya yi ikirarin yankin ga Spain, ya zama tushen zama na Alta California shekaru 200 bayan haka. Presidio da Ofishin Jakadancin San Diego de Alcalá, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1769, sun kafa mazaunin Turai na farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu California. A shekara ta 1821, San Diego ya zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar Daular Mexico, wanda aka sake fasalinsa a matsayin Jamhuriyar Mexico ta farko shekaru biyu bayan haka. Amurka ta ci California a 1848 bayan Yaƙin Mexico da Amurka kuma an shigar da ita cikin ƙungiyar a matsayin jihar a 1850.

Babban injunan tattalin arziki na San Diego sune ayyukan soja da tsaro, yawon bude ido, cinikayya ta duniya, bincike, da masana'antu. Birnin yana da jami'o'i da yawa, ciki har da UC San Diego, Jami'ar Jihar San Diego, da Jami'ar San Diego. San Diego ita ce cibiyar tattalin arziki ta San Diego-Tijuana conurbation, yanki na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Yammacin Yamma, gida ga kimanin mutane miliyan 5 tun daga shekarar 2022. Babbar ƙetare kan iyaka tsakanin San Diego da Tijuana, San Ysidro Port of Entry, ita ce ƙetare iyakar ƙasa mafi yawan jama'a a duniya a waje da Asiya (na huɗu mafi yawan jama'a gaba ɗaya). titin jirgin sama birnin, Filin jirgin sama na San Diego, shine filin jirgin sama mafi yawan jama'a a duniya.

Suna
Ana iya gano sunan San Diego zuwa karni na 16 lokacin da mai binciken Mutanen Espanya Sebastián Vizcaíno ya ba da shi a yankin a shekara ta 1602. Ya ba da sunan bayin da kewayen yankin "San Diego de Alcalá" don girmama Saint Didacus na Alcalá.

Tarihi
An kafa abin da ake kira rukunin San Dieguito a yankin akalla shekaru 9,000 da suka gabata. Wataƙila Kumeyaay ya samo asali ne ta al'ada daga wannan hadaddun ko kuma ya yi ƙaura zuwa yankin kusan 1000 CE Masanin ilimin archaeologist Malcolm Rogers ya ɗauka cewa al'adun farko na San Diego sun bambanta da Kumeyaay, duk da haka ana jayayya da wannan da'awar, tare da wasu suna lura cewa ba ta da al'ada. juyin halitta. Daga baya Rogers ya sake kimanta da'awarsa, duk da haka sun yi tasiri wajen tsara labarin tarihin farkon tarihin San Diego.
Kumeyaay sun kafa ƙauyuka da suka warwatse a duk faɗin yankin, gami da ƙauyen Kosa'aay wanda ƙauyen kumeyaay ne wanda mazaunin San Diego na gaba zai fito daga Tsohon Birni yau. Garin Kosa'aay ya kunshi iyalai talatin zuwa arba'in da ke zaune a cikin gine-ginen gidaje masu kama da dala kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai laushi ta goyi bayan ta daga tuddai.
Zamanin Mutanen Spain
Mutumin Turai na farko da ya ziyarci yankin shi ne mai binciken Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, wanda ke tafiya a ƙarƙashin tutar Castile amma mai yiwuwa An haife shi a Portugal. Da yake tafiya a kan jirgin ruwansa na San Salvador daga Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo ya yi ikirarin bayin ga Daular Mutanen Espanya a 1542, kuma ya ba da sunan shafin "San Miguel". A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1602, an aika Sebastián Vizcaíno don tsara taswirar bakin tekun California. Da ya isa kan jirginsa na San Diego, Vizcaíno ya bincika tashar jiragen ruwa da abin da ke yanzu Mission Bay da Point Loma kuma ya ba da sunan yankin ga Katolika Saint Didacus, Mutanen Espanya wanda aka fi sani da San Diego de Alcalá. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1602, Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, memba na balaguron Vizcaíno, ne ya gudanar da hidimar addini ta farko a Alta California, don bikin ranar biki na San Diego.

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