Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Faransa

Mataimakin firaministan Faransa matsayi ne da ya kasance a wasu lokuta a cikin gwamnatin Faransa tsakanin 1871 zuwa 1958. An ba shi lakabin mataimakin shugaban majalisar ministocin (Faransanci: mataimakin shugaban kasa du Conseil des ministres), ko kuma mataimakin shugaban majalisar ministocin Faransa.  Majalisa a takaice.

Yana da kansa sinecure, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don ba da matsayi nan da nan bayan Firayim Minista ga wani muhimmin memba na gwamnati, daga baya har zuwa uku a lokaci guda, amma ba tare da takamaiman aiki ko iko ba, ko kowane rawar da aka zaba a matsayin mukaddashin Firayim Minista. Koyaya, a cikin 1871-1876 da 1940-1942, an yi amfani da shi a zahiri ga Firayim Minista na zahiri, kamar yadda shugaban ƙasa ya riƙe matsayin.

 A matsayinta na mataimakin 
Matsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista ya wanzu ne kawai a wasu lokuta a lokacin Jamhuriyar Na Uku (1870-1940, farawa ne kawai a cikin 1910s), Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar Faransa (1944-1946), da Jamhuriyar ta huɗu (1946-1958).

Amma ga duk sauran mambobin gwamnati, nadin, ko cirewa, a hukumance ne daga shugaban kasa, amma ya yi biyayya ga shawarar Firayim Minista.

Kodayake yana nuna matsayi mataimakin shugaban gwamnati, matsayin da kansa sinecure ne, wanda ya kawo matsayi bayan Firayim Minista (shugaban majalisar), amma ya zo ba tare da wani takamaiman aiki ko iko ba sai dai idan an shirya shi ta hanyar yanke shawara daban-daban, ko kuma wani rawar da aka zaba a matsayin mukaddashin Firayim Minista. Mai riƙewa wani lokaci yana aiki a matsayin Minista na takamaiman sashen gwamnati, kamar yadda Firayim Minista ya yi a ƙarshen Jamhuriyar ta Uku, amma in ba haka ba ya kasance babban Minista ba tare da fayil ba, tare da alhakin al'ada. Duk da haka an ba da alhakin kai tsaye ga mataimakin shugaban kasa a lokuta biyu, a cikin 1938-1940 lokacin da aka sanya Camille Chautemps a matsayin mai kula da daidaitawa na Ofishin Firayim Minista da aka kafa kwanan nan,  kuma a cikin 1951 lokacin da Guy Mollet ke kula da Majalisar Turai. Da farko akwai mai riƙewa ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda, yayin da matsayin Ministan jihar, wanda ya fi na ministoci na yau da kullun, ana iya ba da shi ga mambobi da yawa, tare da ko ba tare da fayil ba; duk da haka akwai har zuwa mataimakan shugaban kasa uku a cikin gwamnatoci na gaba.

Dangane da halin da ake ciki na siyasa, zai iya nuna matsayin mai riƙe, musamman idan ya kasance tsohon Firayim Minista, ko kuma matsayinsa na jagora ko wakilin wata muhimmiyar jam'iyya ta hadin gwiwar gwamnati, musamman ga ƙananan jam'iyyun biyu na tripartisme a 1946-1947. An riga an yi amfani da mukamai na ministocin jihar don wannan dalili tun daga karni na 19; mataimakan firaministan sun kasance sama da waɗannan lokacin da dukansu biyu suka wanzu a lokaci guda, suna ba da damar Firayim Minista ya tsara tsari mai mahimmanci na matsayi.

Mai riƙewa na farko shi ne Aristide Briand a shekara ta 1914, wanda René Viviani ya zaba a farkon yakin duniya na; yayin da gwamnati ta sauya daga Paris zuwa Bordeaux, wannan ya ba shi damar zama mataimakin Vivani, ko kuma ministocin kasashen waje da yaƙi, lokacin da suka zo suka tafi tsakanin biranen biyu.  Viviani kuma ita ce Firayim Minista na farko da ba ta riƙe takamaiman fayil don mayar da hankali kan daidaitawar kayan aikin jihar da ke fadadawa. §12–17 in particular. Na karshe shi ne Guy Mollet a shekarar 1958.

Har ila yau, akwai matsayi iri ɗaya a cikin Gwamnatin wucin gadi, Gwamnatin Tsaro ta Kasa (1870-1871), wacce ke da mataimakin shugaban kasa (Mataimakin shugaban Gwamnatin Tsaron Kasa).

 A matsayinta na shugaban gwamnati 
A cikin gajeren lokaci guda biyu, an yi amfani da taken ga shugaban gwamnati da kansa, saboda shugaban kasa ya rike mukamin Firayim Minista.

A farkon mulkin Vichy (1940-1944), Philippe Pétain, Firayim Minista na karshe na Jamhuriyar Na Uku wanda ya ayyana kansa shugaban kasar Faransa, ya sanya Pierre Laval babban minista lokacin da ya sake nada shi a matsayin mataimakinsa. [ƙananan alpha 4]Pétain ya sallami kuma ya maye gurbin Laval bayan 'yan watanni, amma daga bisani Hukumomin mamayewa na Jamus suka tilasta masa tunatar da shi tare da karuwar hakkoki a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1942, inda ya ba shi taken  (shugaban gwamnati), duk da cewa shi da kansa ya ci gaba da taken shugaban majalisar.

 Jerin 

 Holder and concurrent position Government Term of office Party colspan="7"  colspan="7"  70px Jules FavreMinister of Foreign Affairs National Defence 4September 1870 13February 1871 Moderate Republicans colspan="7"   colspan="7"  70px Aristide BriandMinister of Justice 2nd Viviani 26August 1914 29October 1915 PRS 70px René VivianiMinister of Justice 5th Briand 29October 1915 12December 1916 PRS colspan="7"  70px Joseph CaillauxMinister of Finance 10th Briand 23June 1926 23July 1926 Radical colspan="7"  70px Lucien HubertMinister of Justice 1st Tardieu 3November 1929 24February 1930 Radical colspan="7"  70px Paul Reynaud (1st)Minister of Justice and for the Control of Public Administrations 3rd Tardieu 20February 1932 3June 1932 AD colspan="7"  70px Albert DalimierMinister of Justice 1st Sarraut 26October 1933 24November 1933 Radical colspan="7"  70px Édouard Daladier (1st)Minister of National Defence and War 1st Blum 4June 1936 21June 1937 Radical 70px Léon Blum (1st) 3rd Chautemps 23June 1937 14January 1938 SFIO 70px Édouard Daladier (2nd–3rd)Minister of National Defence and War 4th Chautemps, 2nd Blum 18January 1938 8April 1938 Radical 70px Camille Chautemps (1st)In charge of coordination of the Office of the Prime Minister 3rd Daladier 10April 1938 20March 1940 Radical 70px Camille Chautemps (2nd)Minister of Coordination (of the Office of the Prime Minister) Reynaud 21March 1940 16June 1940 Radical 70px Philippe PétainMinister of State 18May 1940 Independent 70px Camille Chautemps (3rd)Minister of State Pétain 16June 1940 11July 1940 Radical 70px Pierre Laval (1st)Minister of State 23June 1940 Independent colspan="7"   colspan="7"  70px Francisque Gay Gouin 26January 1946 12June 1946 MRP 70px Maurice Thorez (1st) PCF 70px Félix Gouin 1st Bidault 24June 1946 28November 1946 SFIO 70px Maurice Thorez (2nd) PCF colspan="7"  70px Pierre-Henri Teitgen (1st)Minister of State (from 4May: in charge of the Civil Service and Administrative Reform) 1st Ramadier 22January 1947 21October 1947 MRP 70px Maurice Thorez (3rd)Minister of State 4May 1947 PCF colspan="7"  70px Pierre-Henri Teitgen (2nd) Marie 26July 1948 28August 1948 MRP 70px Léon Blum (2nd) SFIO 70px André Marie (1st) 2nd Schuman 5September 1948 11September 1948 Radical 70px André Marie (2nd)Minister of Justice 1st Queuille 11September 1948 13February 1949 Radical 70px Robert LecourtMinister of Justice 13February 1949  5October 1949 MRP  70px Henri Queuille (1st) 2nd Bidault 28October 1949 7February 1950 Radical 70px Jules MochMinister of the Interior SFIO 70px Henri Queuille (2nd)Minister of the Interior 3rd Bidault 7February 1950 24June 1950 Radical 70px Georges Bidault (1st) 2nd Queuille 2July 1950 4July 1950 MRP colspan="7"  70px Georges Bidault (2nd) 3rd Queuille 10March 1951 10July 1951 MRP 70px René Pleven UDSR 70px Guy Mollet (1st)In charge of the Council of Europe. SFIO 70px Georges Bidault (3rd)Minister of National Defence 2nd Pleven 11August 1951 7January 1952 MRP 70px René Mayer (2nd)Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs Radical 70px Georges Bidault (4th)Minister of National Defence 1st Faure 20January 1952 28February 1952 MRP 70px Henri Queuille (3rd)Minister of State Radical  colspan="7"  70px Henri Queuille (4th) Mayer 8January 1953 21May 1953 Radical  70px Paul Reynaud (2nd) Laniel 28June 1953 12June 1954 CNIP 70px Henri Queuille (5th) Radical  70px Pierre-Henri Teitgen (3rd) MRP colspan="7"  70px Guy Mollet (2nd) Pflimlin 15May 1958 28May 1958 SFIO 

 Tsarin da ya gabata da na baya 
Taron Majalisar Ministoci koyaushe shugaban kasa ne (sarkin sarakuna, sarki, shugaban kasa); lokacin da matsayin shugaban gwamnati ya fito a ƙarshen 1810s a ƙarƙashin Maidowa, an yi amfani da taken "shugaban" na wannan kungiya, saboda ya haɗa da alhakin shirya ajanda da kasuwancin da za a magance su. Wannan duk da haka ya kasance ne kawai ta hanyar yarjejeniya, kuma matsayin ko taron shugaban gwamnati ba shi da wanzuwar doka har zuwa shekarun 1870; wasu ministoci an dauke su na biyu a cikin umurni, amma ba a kira su mataimakin shugaban kasa ba.

A lokacin Daular Na Biyu (1852-1870), Napoleon III ya soke matsayin Firayim Minista, wanda ya jagoranci harkokin gwamnati da kansa, amma ministan jihar, wanda ya kasance na farko kuma yana kusa da Sarkin sarakuna, ya zama ana ganinsa a matsayin , musamman lokacin da yake magana da sunan Sarkin sarakunan a cikin muhimman harkokin majalisa.

Kodayake matsayin Firayim Minista ya zo cikin wanzuwar doka lokacin da ya sake fitowa a cikin shekarun 1870, ofishin bai bayyana a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Faransa ba kafin 1946; na mataimakin bai taɓa bayyana ba.

Matsayin  (watakila mataimakin firayim Minista) ba a taɓa ba da shi ba a ƙarƙashin Jamhuriyar Biyar (1958-yanzu). Kundin Tsarin Mulki kawai ya tanadi cewa Firayim Minista "yana iya ba da wasu daga cikin ikonsa ga ministoci" (mataki na 21). Nicolas Hulot, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan muhalli da sauyawa tare da matsayin ministan jihar a shekarar farko ta shugabancin Emmanuel Macron, ya daɗe yana kira ga matsayin mataimakin firaminista mai kula da muhalli, kuma ya ce Macron ya yi la'akari da ɗaukaka shi, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa zai zama "ba tsarin mulki ba". [ƙananan alpha 5]

 Duba kuma 

 Mataimakin Firayim Minista - Janar ra'ayi
 Mataimakin Shugaban Faransa - 1848-1852 Ofishin gwamnatin Faransa
 Jerin Firayim Ministocin Faransa

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