Hakkin yanayi a Ecuador

Tare da karɓar sabon kundin tsarin mulki a cikin na 2008 a ƙarƙashin shugaban kasar Rafael Correa, Ecuador ta zama ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ta adana jerin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙi da kuma sanar da ƙarin bayani game da waɗannan haƙƙin. Mataki na 10 da 71-74 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ecuador sun amince da haƙƙin da ba za a iya cirewa ba na yanayin halittu don wanzuwa da bunƙasa, suna ba mutane ikon yin korafi a madadin yanayi, kuma suna buƙatar gwamnati ta magance keta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.

Sumac kawsay, a cikin Mutanen Espanya, ma'ana "rayuwa mai kyau", wanda ya samo asali ne daga cosmovisión (ko ra'ayi na duniya) na mutanen Quechua na Andes, ya bayyana hanyar rayuwa da ke da al'umma, daidaitaccen muhalli da al'adu. Manufar tana da alaƙa da al'adar ilimin shari'a da siyasa da ke ba da shawarar matsayin doka ga yanayin halitta.Stone CD, Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects. Southern California Law Review 1972;45:450; W Kaufmann, Los Altos, 1974 p 8 Hanyar haƙƙin ita ce raguwa daga tsarin tsarin kula da muhalli na gargajiya, wanda ke ɗaukar yanayi a matsayin dukiya.

'Yancin Yanayi na Ecuador ya ƙunshi ka'idodin rayuwa na asali, yana ba Pachamama haƙƙin tsarin mulki don karewa da dawo da mahallinta.

 Tarihi da mahallin 
Shugaba Rafael Correa ya shiga ofis a watan Janairun 2007 tare da taimakon La Revolución Ciudadana (The Citizens' Revolution) yana alkawarin sabuwar Ecuador mai adawa da 'yanci. Kasar da za ta haɗa kai da daidaita dangantakar da ta lalace tsakanin jihar, tattalin arziki, al'umma, da mahimman albarkatun ta. Da yake shi ne shugaban kasa na takwas a cikin shekaru 10, Correa ya yi kira ga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki don ƙirƙirar sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Ecuador.

Ecuador ta dogara sosai da kudaden shiga da aka samu daga amfani da albarkatun kasa. Babban fitarwa na kasar, mai mai, yana wakiltar kashi 29% na GDP na Ecuador, yana zuwa tare da jimlar darajar dala biliyan 5.63. Wannan ya sa kasar ta sha wahala daga mummunar lalacewar gandun daji a cikin Amazon, gurbataccen ruwa da kuma yaduwar cututtuka.

Ecuador kuma gida ce ga akalla kabilun 'yan asalin ƙasar guda takwas, mafi yawansu suna zaune a cikin Amazon, waɗanda suka sha wahala daga mummunan tasirin muhalli na hakar mai. Bayan shekaru da yawa na mummunar yanayin tattalin arziki da muhalli, tashin hankali daga al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar daban-daban, waɗanda suka sami kansu suna karɓar ƙaramin tallafi daga jihar, yayin da a lokaci guda kamfanonin mai ke ci gaba da mamaye ƙasarsu, sun jawo hankali ga damuwarsu.Arsel, Murat 2012. Between 'Marx and Markets'? The State, The 'Left Turn' And Nature In Ecuador. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) 103(2):150-163. Bayan an cire su daga tsarin siyasa a tarihi, kungiyoyin 'yan asalin, musamman damuwa game da mummunar lalacewar muhalli na kasuwancin hakar ruwa da Canjin yanayi na duniya, sun fara ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da nufin ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin ci gaba wanda zai kare muhalli da daidaita dangantakarsa da mutane. CONAIE (National Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador), babbar ƙungiya ta ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke mai da hankali kan adalci na zamantakewa ta fara yin kira ga sabon kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya haɗa da amincewa da ƙungiyoyin' yan asalin ƙasar, yarensu, al'adunsu, tarihi, da haƙƙin ƙasa, da kuma ainihin ra'ayoyinsu na sumak kawsay da Pachamama (Turanci: "Uwar Halitta"). Becker, Marc. 2011 Correa, Indigenous Movements, and the Writing of a New Constitution in Ecuador. Latin American Perspectives 38(1):47-62.

Tattalin arzikin, wanda ya dogara da fitar da albarkatun kasa na kasar, galibi mai, yana haifar da rikici a kan yanayin kasar, yankin da ke da bambancin halittu da al'adu masu mahimmanci.Arsel, Murat 2012. Between 'Marx and Markets'? The State, The 'Left Turn' And Nature In Ecuador. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) 103(2):150-163. Rikicin tattalin arzikin duniya na shekara ta 2008 ya nuna raunin tattalin arziki mai zurfi, kuma ya haifar da wani lokaci na rikice-rikicen siyasa a kasar wanda ya nuna bukatar sabuwar gwamnati da ta hada kai wacce ta ƙunshi tsarin ci gaban bayan mai, bayan-neoliberal.Becker, Marc. 2011 Correa, Indigenous Movements, and the Writing of a New Constitution in Ecuador. Latin American Perspectives 38(1):47-62.Acosta, Alberto, Eduardo Gudynas, Esperanza Martínez, and Joseph H. Vogel
2009. Leaving the Oil in the Ground: A Political, Economic, and Ecological Initiative in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Americas Program Policy Report. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2006, zaben mai ra'ayin hagu Rafael Correa, wanda ya gudu a kan wani dandalin adawa da 'yanci, ya nuna fitowar sabon zamanin siyasa ga Ecuador.

 Ci gaba 

 Rayuwa mai kyau / Rayuwa mai daɗi 
Buen vivir ("Rayuwa mai kyau") ya fito ne a matsayin martani ga dabarun gargajiya don ci gaba da mummunan tasirin muhalli, zamantakewa, ko tattalin arziki. Sumak kawsay, ma'ana cikakken rayuwa kuma yana nuna rayuwa cikin jituwa tare da wasu mutane da yanayi. Buen Vivir ya sami sabon shahara, yana yaduwa a ko'ina cikin sassan Kudancin Amurka kuma yana tasowa a matsayin ra'ayi na al'adu da yawa. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya tsara Buen Vivir a matsayin saiti na haƙƙoƙi, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine haƙƙin yanayi.Gudynas, Eduardo. 2011. Buen Vivir: Today's Tomorrow Development 54(4):441-447. Dangane da tabbatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin, Buen Vivir yana canza dangantakar da ke tsakanin yanayi da mutane zuwa ra'ayi mai yawa, yana kawar da rabuwa tsakanin yanayi da al'umma.SENPLADES. 2009 National Plan for Good Living. Electronic document, http://plan2009.senplades.gob.ec/web/en/presentation , accessed May, 2012.

A cikin al'ummomin Andean a Latin Amurka ci gaban an bayyana shi ta hanyar ra'ayin sumak kawsay, kalmar Quechua don "buen vivir", an gabatar da ita azaman madadin ra'ayi na ci gaba kuma an haɗa ta cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Ecuador. Yana nuna ci gaban hadin gwiwa wanda ke da alaƙa da mutum a cikin mahallin al'ummomin zamantakewa da al'adu da kuma yanayin sa na halitta. An samo asali ne daga tsarin imani na asali na Quechua, ra'ayin ya haɗa da sukar yammacin tsarin ci gaba mai rinjaye don ba da madadin tsarin da ya danganci jituwa tsakanin mutane gami da yanayin halitta.

 Ra'ayin 
Hakkin yanayi ba sabon ra'ayi ba ne. An yaba wa Christopher Stone da yawa tare da ƙirƙirar aikinsa na farko da aka rubuta. A cikin sanannen littafinsa, "Should Trees Have Standing?", Stone CD, Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects. Southern California Law Review 1972;45:450; W Kaufmann, Los Altos, 1974 p 8 Stone ya gabatar da shari'ar don ba da halayen shari'a da haƙƙoƙi a kan muhalli. Kamar yadda Stone ya bayyana, abu na halitta zai "yi da darajar da aka amince da ita ta doka da kuma mutunci a cikin kansa, kuma ba kawai don zama hanyar amfanin mu ba". Ya kuma nuna cewa kamar yadda "koguna da gandun daji" ba su da ikon yin magana da kansu, ko kamfanoni, ko jihohi, jarirai, kananan hukumomi da jami'o'i. "Lokalai suna magana a madadin su, kamar yadda suke yi wa talakawa da matsalolin shari'a".

Mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma Shugaban Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, Alberto Acosta ya buga Nature a matsayin Batun 'Yancin  wanda ya fara jawo hankali ga ra'ayin ga jama'a da gwamnati. Acosta ya ayyana haƙƙin yanayi a matsayin ra'ayi na ci gaba na tarihi. Ya kwatanta shi da lokacin da ba a yi la'akari da mata a matsayin batutuwa ba har sai sun zama batutuwa na haƙƙoƙi - don haka yanayi ba ya kama da abin da za a iya ganewa a cikin samun matsayi na haƙƙoƙin har sai an kawo ra'ayin kuma an fahimci shi. Batun haƙƙoƙi gaba ɗaya ba za a iya canzawa ba sai dai idan an sanya ra'ayin a cikin hangen nesa kuma a zahiri ya zama batun da za a iya jayayya, mai gamsarwa, ko kuma kawai mai iya magana.

 Rubuce-rubuce 
Shugaba Rafael Correa ya hada da kiran Majalisar Tsarin Mulki a cikin yakin neman zabe na 2006. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2007, sama da kashi 80% na 'yan Ecuador sun kada kuri'a don kiran sabon taro, godiya ga goyon bayan' yan asalin ƙasar. Kungiyoyin 'yan asalin sun kasance suna matsa lamba don sabon kundin tsarin mulki, wanda ya fi dacewa da shekaru, sabili da haka suna da hannu sosai a cikin tsarin rubuce-rubuce. Alberto Acosta, wanda aka zaba a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar, ya yi alkawarin yin taron ya fi hadawa da kuma hada damuwar 'yan asalin cikin kundin tsarin mulki. A ƙarshe, an zabi wasu wakilan 'yan asalin ƙasar zuwa taron.Becker, Marc. 2011 Correa, Indigenous Movements, and the Writing of a New Constitution in Ecuador. Latin American Perspectives 38(1):47-62. Don ƙirƙirar kundin tsarin mulki bisa ga ka'idodin Buen Vivir, Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, tare da shawarar Pachamama Alliance, ta nemi taimakon Asusun Tsaro na Muhalli na Al'umma (CELDF) don tsara harshe don sabbin tanadi na kundin tsarin mulki wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da 'Yancin Halitta. Musamman lauyoyin Amurka Mari Margil (mataimakin darektan) da Thomas Linzey (babban darektan), an nemi su yi amfani da kwarewarsu don taimakawa kungiyoyin muhalli na Ecuador su tsara gyare-gyare. Ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin sun taka rawar gani a cikin tsarin rubuce-rubuce. Fundación Pachamama, tare da shugabannin CONAIE, sun sadu da membobin majalisa don gabatar da ra'ayoyinsu don kundin tsarin mulki da samun goyon baya. An kuma kaddamar da kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da ka'idojin sabon kundin tsarin mulki da haƙƙin yanayi don sanar da samun tallafi daga jama'a.Fundación Pachamama (FP). 2011 "Recognizing Rights for Nature in the Ecuadorian Constitution" 

An gudanar da teburin zagaye da yawa don tattauna yiwuwar ƙara haƙƙin yanayi ga kundin tsarin mulki. Wani muhimmin gardama zai zama na yarda da shawarwari. Al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar da wasu mambobin Majalisar Tsarin Mulki sun ba da shawarar haƙƙin yarda, ma'ana suna son haƙƙin bayyane don adawa ko amincewa da ayyukan ci gaba, yayin da gwamnati ta yi adawa da inganta shawarwari kawai. A ƙarshe, matsayin gwamnati ya yi nasara kuma Mataki na 408 ya tabbatar da cewa duk albarkatun kasa mallakar jihar ne. Jiha na iya yanke shawarar amfani da duk wani albarkatun kasa da ta gane yana da muhimmancin kasa, kawai muddin ta tuntubi al'ummomin da abin ya shafa, ba tare da wani wajibi ga yarjejeniya ba.

Mambobin majalisa Guillem Humberto da Ortiz Alfredo sun yi gwagwarmaya don ƙirƙirar Mai ba da shawara ga Pachamama. Wannan zai maye gurbin Ministan Muhalli, wanda aka gan shi bai dace ba, kuma zai yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da haƙƙin yanayi. A ƙarshe, ba a ƙara mai ba da izini na Yanayi a cikin sabon kundin tsarin mulki ba.

A ƙarshe akwai dalilai da yawa na son 'Yancin Halitta. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kungiyoyin 'yan asalin, musamman mambobi hudu na Pachakutik a cikin Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, sun ba da shawara don haƙƙin shari'a na hanyar rayuwar al'ummominsu. Wani abu mara gaskiya zai kasance wanda Rafael Esteves, memba na 'yancin jama'a ya kwatanta. Ya ce an san shi sosai cewa za su kasance na farko da za su ba da haƙƙin doka a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin su, gaskiyar wannan kawai shine abin da ya sa wasu mambobi su yarda da wucewa.

 Samun tallafi 
A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2008, tare da kuri'u 91 daga cikin 130, Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta amince da Mataki na 10 don hadawa cikin sabon kundin tsarin mulki. A ranar 7 ga Yuni, an gabatar da harshen Mataki na 71 zuwa 74, wanda ke tattara 'Yancin Yanayi, kuma an yi muhawara, kafin a sami amincewa don shigar da shi cikin kundin tsarin mulki.

A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2008, an gudanar da raba gardama don jefa kuri'a kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki, inda kashi 65% na masu jefa kuri'ar suka amince da amincewar kundin tsarin mulki.Smith, Gar. 2009, "In Ecuador, Trees Now Have Rights", Earth Island Journal 23(4):15-15.

 Labaran 'Yancin Halitta 
Ana samun labaran da ke ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Title II: Hakki a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Ecuador wanda aka buga a cikin Official Register a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2008.

 Babi na Ɗaya: Ka'idojin tilasta haƙƙin mallaka 
Mataki na 10. Mutane, al'ummomi, mutane, kasashe da al'ummomin suna da haƙƙoƙi kuma za su ji daɗin haƙƙoƙin da aka tabbatar musu a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki da kayan aiki na duniya.Halitta za ta kasance batun waɗancan haƙƙoƙin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya amince da su.

 Babi na Bakwai: Hakkin Halitta 
Mataki na 71. Yanayi, ko Pacha Mama, inda ake haihuwar rayuwa kuma tana faruwa, tana da haƙƙin girmamawa ga wanzuwarta da kuma kula da sake farfado da rayuwarta, tsari, ayyuka da hanyoyin juyin halitta.Dukkanin mutane, al'ummomi, mutane da al'ummomin na iya kiran hukumomin gwamnati da su tilasta haƙƙin yanayi. Don aiwatar da fassara waɗannan haƙƙoƙin, za a kiyaye ka'idodin da aka tsara a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, kamar yadda ya dace.Jiha za ta ba da ƙarfafawa ga mutane na halitta da ƙungiyoyin shari'a da al'ummomi don kare yanayi da inganta girmamawa ga duk abubuwan da suka ƙunshi tsarin halittu.

Mataki na 72. Halitta tana da damar dawo da ita. Wannan maidowa zai kasance ban da wajibin Jiha da mutane na halitta ko ƙungiyoyin shari'a don biyan mutane da al'ummomin da suka dogara da tsarin halitta da ya shafi.A cikin waɗannan lokuta na mummunar tasiri ko na dindindin na muhalli, gami da waɗanda suka haifar da amfani da albarkatun kasa marasa sabuntawa, Jiha za ta kafa hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri don cimma maidowa kuma za ta ɗauki isasshen matakai don kawarwa ko rage mummunan tasirin muhalli.

Mataki na 73. Jiha za ta yi amfani da matakan kariya da ƙuntatawa akan ayyukan da zasu iya haifar da halaka jinsuna, lalacewar yanayin halittu da canji na dindindin na sake zagayowar halitta.An haramta gabatar da kwayoyin halitta da kayan kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya canza dukiyar kwayar halitta ta al'umma.

Mataki na 74. Mutane, al'ummomi, mutane, da al'ummomin za su sami damar amfana daga muhalli da dukiyar halitta da ke ba su damar jin daɗin hanyar rayuwa mai kyau.Ayyukan muhalli ba za su kasance ƙarƙashin cinikayya ba; samar da su, isar da su, amfani da su da ci gaba za a tsara su ta Gwamnati."2008 Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. Political Database of the Americas (PDBA)".

 Falsafa 
Tsarin Ecuador na 'Yancin Yanayi yana da mahimmanci saboda shi ne shari'ar farko inda aka gabatar da wannan ra'ayi a matakin kasa. Labaran sun tsara tsarin haƙƙin da ya amince da Yanayi, ko Pachamama, a matsayin mai haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙi wanda ke da ƙima a cikin kansa, ban da amfani da ɗan adam. Wannan ya bambanta da tsarin gargajiya wanda ke ganin yanayi a matsayin dukiya, yana ba masu mallakar ƙasa damar lalata ko lalata yanayin halittu wanda ya dogara da ƙasarsu. Hanyar da aka tsara a cikin 'Yancin Yanayi ta fadada kan dokokin da suka gabata don tsarawa da kiyayewa ta hanyar fahimtar cewa yanayi yana da hakki na asali da ba za a iya cirewa ba a matsayin mai mahimmanci a ciki da kansa. Har ila yau, tsarin yana ba da alhakin lalacewar muhalli kuma yana riƙe da gwamnati da alhakina don biyan duk wani lalacewar. Bugu da ƙari, idan an keta haƙƙin yanayin halittu, yana ba mutane ikon yin korafi a madadin yanayin halittu don tabbatar da cewa ba a rushe bukatunsu ga bukatun mutane ko kamfanoni ba.Acosta, Alberto, Eduardo Gudynas, Esperanza Martínez, and Joseph H. Vogel
2009. Leaving the Oil in the Ground: A Political, Economic, and Ecological Initiative in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Americas Program Policy Report.

Haɗakar da 'Yancin Yanayi kuma ya sa kundin tsarin mulki ya fi dimokuradiyya da hadawa, saboda yana nuna ra'ayin' yan asalin Yanayi a matsayin uwa wanda dole ne a girmama shi kuma a yi bikin. Wannan shi ne kundin tsarin mulki na farko wanda ya haɗa da ra'ayoyin asalin sumak kawsay da Pachamama, da kuma amincewa da yawan ƙasashe na Ecuador. Wannan yana da muhimmancin gaske don amincewa da kungiyoyin 'yan asalin da kuma haƙƙinsu na adana ƙasarsu da al'adunsu. Haɗin haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da haƙƙin yanayi zai ba da damar ingantaccen kariya ga al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar.

An kara sanya 'yancin yanayi a cikin Sabuntawa na Kasa don Rayuwa Mai Kyau, wanda ya nuna tabbatar da' yancin yanayi da ingantaccen yanayi mai ɗorewa a matsayin daya daga cikin manufofinsa goma sha biyu. Manufofin da ke ƙarƙashin manufar sun haɗa da manufofi don adanawa da sarrafa bambancin halittu, rarraba matrix na makamashi na ƙasa tare da hanyoyin sabuntawa, hanawa, sarrafawa da rage lalacewar muhalli, inganta daidaitawa da rage canjin yanayi, da kuma haɗa tsarin muhalli a duk manufofin jama'a.

 Daga anthropocentric zuwa ecocentric 
Dokokin muhalli da ke cikin Anthropocene an tsara su ne don amfanin ɗan adam. Dokokin kare muhalli an saita su ne don lafiyar ɗan adam da lafiyar ɗan adam. Ana ganin yanayi a matsayin dukiya ga mutane.

An ba da Anthropocene ga mutane masu daraja. A cikin tarihi, a bayyane yake cewa gwamnati da mutane masu iko sun ƙayyade bambanci. "Kamar mata, masu luwadi da wadanda ba fararen fata ba, mutane 'sun damu' da yanayi ta hanyar ba da dama ga doka da haƙƙoƙin da ke rarrabe tsakanin batun da abu. "

Ecuador ta dauki mataki game da kundin tsarin mulki mai tasiri, yana ba da yanayi na doka, haƙƙin tsarin mulki. Wannan yana nufin cewa Ecuador ta amince da yanayi, ko Pachamama, a matsayin mai iyawa kuma ya cancanci mai riƙe da dama wanda ya yi daidai da mutane. Har ila yau, 'Yancin Yanayi yana canza dangantakar da ke tsakanin yanayi da mutane ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa yanayi ba abu ba ne kawai.Mychalejko, Cyril. 2008 Ecuador's Constitution Gives Rights to Nature. Philadelphia Independent Media Center. Ta hanyar sanya yanayin halittu daidai da mutane, an watsar da tunanin mutane a matsayin iyayengiji ko kuma a matsayin daban daga yanayi.Gudynas, Eduardo. 2011. Buen Vivir: Today's Tomorrow Development 54(4):441-447. Maimakon haka, wannan tsarin yana murna da yanayi kuma ya fahimci cewa mutane suna cikinta.Arsel, Murat 2012. Between 'Marx and Markets'? The State, The 'Left Turn' And Nature In Ecuador. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) 103(2):150-163. Mutane da yawa sun yi tunanin wannan wani ɓangare ne na ci gaba kuma sun danganta shi da wasu misalai na ci gaba kamar haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi da haƙƙin mata.  [<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]

 Sakamakon da aiwatarwa 

 Tasirin Shari'a 
An yi amfani da 'Yancin Yanayi ga rikice-rikice na shari'a da yawa kuma an yi la'akari da su a cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaban gwamnati.

 Wheeler c. Darakta na Babban Lauyan Jihar Loja 
Wheeler c. Darakta na Procuraduria Janar Del Estado de Loja shine shari'ar farko a tarihi don tabbatar da 'Yancin Yanayi. An shigar da karar ne a kan karamar hukumar da ke kusa da Rio Vilcabamba a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, wadanda ke da alhakin aikin fadada hanya wanda ya zubar da tarkace a cikin kogi, ya rage faɗin sa kuma ta haka ne ya ninka saurin sa. An kuma yi aikin ba tare da kammala kimanta tasirin muhalli ba ko yardar mazauna yankin. Irin waɗannan mazauna biyu ne suka gabatar da karar, suna mai da hankali kan keta haƙƙin yanayi, maimakon haƙƙin mallaka, saboda lalacewar da aka yi wa kogi. Shari'ar tana da mahimmanci saboda kotun ta bayyana cewa haƙƙin yanayi zai mamaye wasu haƙƙin tsarin mulki idan sun kasance cikin rikici da juna, suna kafa muhimmiyar misali. Har ila yau, shari'ar ta tabbatar da cewa nauyin tabbatarwa don nuna cewa babu lalacewa ya kasance tare da wanda ake tuhuma. Kodayake an ba masu shigar da kara nasara a kotu, ba a aiwatar da hukuncin ba, saboda karamar hukuma ta yi jinkirin bin umarnin da aka ba da umarni.Daly, Erin. 2012, "Ecuadorian Exemplar: The First Ever Vindications of Constitutional Rights" , Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 21(1): 63-66.

 Jamhuriyar Ecuador Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, Hukumar Biodiversity da albarkatun halitta 
A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, bayan hukuncin da aka yanke a kan shari'ar Wheeler, gwamnatin Ecuador ta shigar da kara game da ayyukan hakar zinariya ba bisa ka'ida ba a arewacin Ecuador, a cikin gundumomin San Lorenzo da Eloy Alfaro masu nisa. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai sun keta haƙƙin yanayi, waɗanda aka yi jayayya da gurɓata koguna da ke kusa. Wannan shari'ar ta bambanta da ta baya saboda gwamnati ce ke magance take hakkin kare hakkin yanayi. An kuma tilasta shi da sauri, yayin da aka ba da umarnin aikin soja don lalata injunan da aka yi amfani da su don hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an aiwatar da su.

 Yasuni ITT shirin 
Shirin Yasuni-Ishpingo, Tambococha, da Tiputini (ITT), yana nufin hanyar ajiyar mai a cikin Yankin Yankin Yammacin Yammacin Yasuni, shine shirin ci gaban farko na bayan mai wanda ya fahimci cewa fa'idodin da aka samu daga Amazon sun fi fa'idodin tattalin arziki daga hakar mai. Manufar shirin don haka shine kare bambancin halittu na yankin, wanda UNESCO ta ayyana ajiyar bambancin halittukan halittu, ta hanyar adana ajiyar mai a ƙasa, don biyan diyya daga al'ummar duniya don akalla rabin fa'idar da aka tsara Ecuador za ta samu daga fitar da mai (kimanin dala biliyan 3.5). Za a yi amfani da waɗannan kudade don tallafawa wasu shirye-shiryen tattalin arziki don rage talauci da haɓaka ɓangaren makamashi mai sabuntawa. Muhimmancin adana mai a yankin ITT a cikin ƙasa an yi jayayya da muhimmancin kasa da kasa don rage tasirin canjin yanayi na duniya ta hanyar hana hayakin CO2 da lalacewar muhalli na cikin gida da hakar zai haifar. Hakkin Yanayi da sauran sassan sabon kundin tsarin mulki sun kuma sanya kariya ga wurin shakatawa ya zama wajibi ne na doka, saboda cirewa zai zama keta haƙƙin yanayi.Acosta, Alberto, Eduardo Gudynas, Esperanza Martínez, and Joseph H. Vogel
2009. Leaving the Oil in the Ground: A Political, Economic, and Ecological Initiative in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Americas Program Policy Report. Kodayake da farko akwai wasu matsaloli da ke haifar da alhakin kasa da kasa don tallafawa shirin, musamman tare da kundin tsarin mulki na kasa da ke buƙatar wannan doka, a ƙarshe a watan Agustan 2 Ecuador ta zo da tsari tare da UNDP don tallafawa aikin ta hanyar fitowar Takaddun Tabbacin Tabbacin Yarjejeniyar Yasuní, yana nuna adadin hayaki na CO2 da aka guje da darajar kuɗin su, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin Tsarin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai.Arsel, Murat 2012. Between 'Marx and Markets'? The State, The 'Left Turn' And Nature In Ecuador. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) 103(2):150-163.

 Itacen Cedars 
A cikin 2021, a cikin wani hukunci mai mahimmanci, kotun kundin tsarin mulki ta Ecuador ta yanke shawarar cewa izinin hakar ma'adinai don shirye-shiryen hakar jan ƙarfe da zinariya a cikin gandun daji mai kariya a Los Cedros, zai cutar da bambancin halittu kuma ya keta haƙƙin yanayi, kuma zai zama ba bisa ka'ida ba.

 Halin da aka yi 

 Yabo 
Amincewa da 'Yancin Yanayi ta Ecuador ya sami yabo a duniya daga kasashe da yawa waɗanda ke ganin wannan a matsayin hanyar juyin juya hali don tsara yanayin da kuma hanyar da Ecuador za ta wuce tattalin arzikin da ya gabata. An dauki matakai don karɓar manufar haƙƙin halittu ko ana ɗaukar su a sassa daban-daban na duniya, gami da Bolivia, Turkiyya, Nepal, da kuma kananan hukumomi daban-daban a Amurka. A cikin shekara ta 2010, Bolivia ta karɓi Dokar 'Yancin Uwar Duniya don amincewa da haƙƙin yanayi a matakin ƙasa. Kotun Tsarin Mulki da Kotun Koli na Colombia sun amince da haƙƙin kogin Atrato da tsarin halittu na Amazon a cikin 2016 da 2018, bi da bi.

 Tattaunawa 
Tattaunawar 'Yancin Yanayi gabaɗaya sun haɗa da hanyoyin aiwatar da tanadin. Ɗaya daga cikin zargi shi ne cewa kodayake kundin tsarin mulki ya kafa ƙa'idodi masu ƙarfi ga muhalli, ya kuma ba jihar ikon sassauta waɗannan ƙa'idodun idan aka same su da amfanin ƙasa.Arsel, Murat 2012. Between 'Marx and Markets'? The State, The 'Left Turn' And Nature In Ecuador. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) 103(2):150-163. Sabili da haka, yawancin tilasta haƙƙin yanayin halittu ya dogara da nufin gwamnati, ko kuma ɗan ƙasa mai aiki.Becker, Marc. 2011 Correa, Indigenous Movements, and the Writing of a New Constitution in Ecuador. Latin American Perspectives 38(1):47-62. Kungiyoyin 'yan asalin sun kuma nuna rashin gamsuwa cewa kundin tsarin mulki bai bai baiwa al'ummomin yankin ikon veto a kan ayyukan da suka shafi ƙasarsu ba. Gyaran kawai suna buƙatar tuntuɓar ayyukan, maimakon yarda al'ummomin da ke kewaye da su, wanda zai iya lalata ikon su na tabbatar da haƙƙin yanayi.Mychalejko, Cyril. 2008 Ecuador's Constitution Gives Rights to Nature. Philadelphia Independent Media Center. Har ila yau, akwai damuwa cewa 'Yancin Yanayi na iya shafar saka hannun jari kai tsaye na kasashen waje tunda kamfanoni ba za su so su bi ƙa'idodin da suka fi tsananin ba. A gefe guda, mutane suna da shakku game da gwamnatin Correa don har yanzu suna amincewa da ayyukan da kamfanonin hakar kayayyaki na kasashen waje suka saba wa 'Yancin Yanayi. Wannan shakku ya fito ne daga tarihin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin Ecuador. Kazalika da gaskiyar cewa Correa tana rufe duk wata ƙungiya ta muhalli da ke tsaye don 'Yancin Yanayi kamar Accion Ecologica (AE) da kuma Majalisar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Ƙasashen da Mutanen Ecuador (CODENPE). 

Akwai zargi da yawa a kan rubutun kansa na 'Yancin Halitta, musamman kan abubuwan da ke ciki da tsarin su. Wasu suna jayayya game da gardama ko rikice-rikice na labarai da rashin matsayi tsakanin su. Babu kyakkyawar fahimta ko haƙƙin tsarin mulki na ɗan adam ko haƙƙin kundin tsarin mulki na yanayi yana da iko. Wani abu kuma zai zama rashin tabbas na rubutun wanda ya bar abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa ba tare da takamaiman ma'anar ba. Ecuador ba ta bayyana "la naturaleza" ko "Pachamama" ba, wanda ya sa girman kungiyoyin da ke ciki ba a bayyane suke ba. Har ila yau, yana barin tambaya kan wanda aka ba shi matsayin shari'a don wakiltar yanayi, da kuma wanda zai aiwatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Tare da waɗannan layin, ba a bayyana girman kariya ko gyara ba.

 Tushen 
 Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu dagaabun ciki kyautaaiki.  An ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. Rubutun da aka karɓa dagaSake tunani game da Ilimi. Zuwa ga Kyakkyawan Duniya? __hau____hau____hau__, shafi na 32, UNESCO.  

 manazarta 

 Ƙarin karantawa 

 Rühs, N.; Jones, A (2016) Aiwatar da Shari'ar Duniya ta hanyar Hakkin Tsarin Mulki na Yanayi na Yanayi, 8, 174.
 Tabios Hillebrecht, A. L.; Berros, M. V. Shin Halitta Za Ta sami Hakki?  Ra'ayoyin Shari'a da Siyasa RCC: Canje-canje a cikin Muhalli da Al'umma 2017, No. 6. doi.org/10.5282/rcc/8164.

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba