Huzama Habayeb

Huzama Habayeb (Arabic) marubuciya ce na Palasdinawa, Mai bada labari, marubuciya, mai fassara, kuma mawakiya wanda ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa kamar Mahmoud Seif Eddin Al-Erani Award for Short Stories, Jerusalem Festival of Youth Innovation in Short Stories, da Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Kuwait a shekara ta 1987 tareda digiri na farko afannin Ingilishi da wallafe-wallafen, tabi aikin jarida, koyarwa, da fassara kafin tafara rubutu a matsayin marubuciyar da aka buga. Ita memba ce aduka Ƙungiyar Marubutan Jordan da Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Larabawa .  

 Rayuwarta ta sirri 
An haifi Habayeb a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1965, a Kuwait, inda ta girma kuma tayi karatu. Ta sami B.A. a cikin Harshen Ingilishi da Littattafai daga Jami'ar Kuwait a shekara ta  1987. Yakin Gulf wanda ya ɓarke 'yan shekaru bayan kammala karatunta, Habayeb - tare da danginta - sun koma Jordan kuma sun zauna a can shekaru da yawa kafin ta koma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, inda take zaune a halin yanzu.

 Aikin yinta 
Kafin rubuce-rubuce ya zama ainihin sana'arta, Habayeb tayi aiki a fannoni daban-daban. Tafara aikin jarida a Kuwait kuma tayi aiki a matsayin malama da mai fassara bayan ta koma Jordan. Amma har ma bayan samun karbuwa a matsayin fitacciyar marubuciya, tazaɓi ta kasance a cikin fannonin aikin jarida da fassara. Ta fassara littattafan Ingilishi da yawa zuwa Larabci.

 Ayyukan rubuce-rubucenta 
Rubutun Habayeb galibi fiction ne, kodayake ta kuma rubuta wadanda ba fiction ba. Manyan nau'ikan wallafe-wallafen guda uku data wallafa sun hada da shayari, gajerun labaru, da litattafai.

 Waƙoƙinta 
Kodayake an san Habayeb amatsayin marubuciya, farkonta ta kasance tare da shayari - musamman, aya kyauta. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1990, an wallafa tarin waƙoƙi goma sha huɗu na Habayeb - a ƙarƙashin taken "Images" - a cikin fitowar 23 na mujallar An-Naqid, mujallar dake London wacce ta rufeta.

Mafi shahararren aikin waka na Habayeb shine tarin shayari da ake kira "Begging," wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Buga [AIRP] tabuga a shekara ta 2009, wanda shine gidan bugawa wanda ya buga mafi yawan ayyukanta. Tasamu tarin ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga masu sukar. Jaridar Al Ghad, a cikin wata kasida da aka buga a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2009, ta yaba da sabon fitowar Habayeb kuma ta kammala da cewa "ta hanyar wannan rubuce-rubucen-daban na ita, Huzama Habayeb bata neman sanar da wani bangare na kwarewarta, ta hanyar tafiya zuwa ga shayari bayan rubuta gajerun labaru da litattafai da kuma fita da karfi a duk abubuwan da suka damu da matar da ke kusa da ita, wanda keson haifar da kalmomi masu haske, don rubuta wani bangare ne kawai ceto mai ban tsoro a nan ba.

Wadannan sune fassarar wani sashi daga tarin "Begging":

 Gajerun labarunta 

Mafi kyautatuwan gajeru  labaran Wanda shine taƙaitaccen labari, wandaya ƙare shekara ta  a 1992 lokacinda ta sami lambar yabota farko ta rubuce-rubuce: Bikin Urushalima na Innovation a cikin gajerun Labarai don tarin gajerun labaran na farkorko, "Mutumin da ke Magana" (الرَّجُل يَتَكرَّر)  wanda AIRP ta buga  . Shekaru biyu bayan haka - bayan da aka buga tarin gajeren labaruntana biyu, "The Faraway Apples" (التُفَّاحات البَعيدَة) a cikin 1shekara ta 994 ta Gidan wallafe-wallafen Al-Karmel - Ƙungiyar Marubutan Jordan ta a Habayeb lambar yabo ta gajeren labarin a biyu, Mahmoud Seif Eddin Al-Erani Award .  

A cikin shekara ta 1997, wanda AIRP ta bugaga a, Habayeb ta fitar da tarin gajeren labarinta na uku: "A Form of Absence" (شَكْلٌِما,) wanda shine "maɓallin juyawa" a cikin Habayeb's "writing technique, " kamar yada ta ce da kata a cikin wani shirin talabijin na al'adu da aka watsa a Al Jazeera a ranar watan 4 ga Mayshekara ta u, shekara ta 2004. Ta bayyana cewa duk halayen mta a cikin labarun daban-daban na iya zama mutum ɗaya; duk waɗannan mutane un ji kamar dai "na mace daya ne," wanda shine daliln s ya sa "masu sukar da yawa suka ga a cikin wannan tarin tsakiya ko iri don littafi" 

"Sweeter Night" (لَيْلٌ أحْلَى,) wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2002 - kuma ta AIRP - itace ta huɗu kuma ta ƙarshe da aka bugata Habayeb kafin tayi canji zuwa littafi. Tarin ya haifar da karin ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu sukar. Wani bita da aka buga a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 2002, acikin Al-Hayat, jaridar dake Landan, ya yaba da tarin yana cewa "yana tono wuraren da labarun ta saba amfani dasu, amma tonowa a cikin wannan sabon tarin ya fi zurfi,yafi wadata kuma yafi ƙarfin zuciya fiye da yadda ya taɓa kasancewa. Bugu da ƙari, labaran nan - dangane da labarun da fasaha na harshe - sun fi fermented kuma suna da hangen nesa da kayan aiki a lokaci guda. "

 Littattafai 
Bayan tarin gajerun labarai guda huɗu, Habayeb ta rubuta littafinta na farko, "The Origin of Love" (أصْل الهَوَى,) wanda AIRP tabuga a shekara ta 2007.  Littafin ya haifar da rikice-rikice saboda yawan abubuwan da keciki, masu girman kai, jima'i a ciki; wanda aka gabatar ta hanyar nunawa da bayyanawa. Wannan abun ciki yasa aka dakatar da littafin a Jordan, inda aka buga shi, a kan umarnin da Ma'aikatar Labarai da Littattafai ta yi. A cikin shirin da tashar talabijin ta Norway NRK2 ta watsa, Habayeb tayi magana game da yaren jima'i da lalata da take amfani dashi a wasu lokuta a cikin rubuce-rubucenta tana jaddada cewa "dole ne mu sanya
as
a shi yadda yake".

Lokacin da aka tambaye ta awata hira da jaridar Al Ghad a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008, game da ra'ayinta game da shawarar haramtacciyar doka, Habayeb tace "magana ta kafofin watsa labarai tana nuna goyon bayan 'yancin jama'a - kuma a samansu 'yancin magana da rubutu - amma gaskiyar tace akwai rashin haƙuri na ilimi; da ƙuduri' da kuma ƙaddamar da hankali kan hankali 

iyakance 'don' yanci, kwace alkawari, kuma ya haifar da abo a kan hakikanin' yan jarda ba ta hanyar haramtacciya ba' al' yan jaridu ba.

Halin da aka yi game da "Asalin Ƙauna" (أصْلُ الهَوَى,) ya kasance mai kyau sosai. Mawallafin litattafai kuma mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Palasdinawa, Waleed Abu Bakr, ya rubuta wani muhimmin labarin game da littafin a watan Agustan shekara ta 2007, inda ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani labari mai mahimmanci dangane da dabarun bada labari ko mahimmancin batutuwan da yake magancesu. " Ya kuma kara dacewa "dukkanin da aka tsara da kyau, al'amuran jima'i masu yawa ba kawai suna da niyya ba - wanda wani abune mai karatu zai iya ji batare da wani tuhuma ba saboda rashin jima'i ba a cikin nau'i ba - amma don cimma daidaito tsakanin jinsi".

Kuma acikin labarinta a ranar 14 ga watan  Fabrairu, shekara ta 2007, jaridar Asharq Al-Awsat ta ce "Huzama Habyeb ya rubuta wani labari na siyasa ba tare da rubuta wasika ɗaya a siyasa ba; kuma daga nan ne kyawawan abubuwan wannan rubutun suka fito; rubutun da aka nutsar dashi a cikin jarabawar jiki da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar yau da kullun na maza waɗanda marubucin bai bayyana siffofin waje ba. "Wannan labarin ya ƙare ta hanyar yabon hanyar Habayeb ta harshe: "Dole ne mai mahimmanci dake nuna alamar da ke nunawa da ke nuna tasirin Palasdinawa, wanda ya fitowa daga ƙamus mai kyau, wanda ya zama mai kyau wanda ya fitoda ƙamus mai suna".

Shekaru hudu bayan littafinta na farko, littafin Habayeb na biyu "Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci" (قَبْلَ أن تَنامَ المَلِكَة) an bugashi. Littafin, tare da yabo mai mahimmanci da kuma kasancewa "tsalle mai yawa" acikin rubuce-rubucenta, ya sami nasarar da aka samu bisa ga Goodreads.com. A cikin wani shirin talabijin da aka watsa a tashar talabijin ta Sharjah a ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2013, Huzama Habayeb ta bayyana cewa "wannan labari - a cikin labarin, tsarin ba da labari; kuma ba tare da wani rarrabuwa ko wani la'akari da fassarar ko mahimmancin fassarar ba - labarin mace ce dake gaya wa 'yarta labarin dake shirin karatu a kasashen waje" 

Sabry Hafez, sanannen marubucin Masar kuma mai sukar, ya bayyana "Kafin Sarauniya Falls Asleep" (قَبْلَ تَنامَ المَلِكَة) a matsayin "wani labari mai mahimmanci, watakila mafi mahimmanci, littafin Palasdinawa na ƙarni na biyuna marubutan Falasdinu bayan manyan litattafan Palasdinu da Ghassan Kanafani, Emile Habibi, da Jabra Ibrahim Jabra suka yibarci a cikin wannan hali mai zurfin ɗan adam; kuma tabada yarda da irin wannan hali bata yarda ba ta yardawar Palasdinuwar .

Wannan labari, wanda ke magana game da rikice-rikicen Palasdinawa, shine "littafin Palasdinawa mafi ƙarfin zuciya da wata mace ta rubuta wanda ta kalubalanta da gaskiya, da taurin kaida kai tsaye ta bayyana abin da matar ke haifar dashi a lokacin wahalar ƙaura, " a cewar jaridar Falasdinu, Assafir .  Littafin ya kasance daga cikin jerin "Littattafan Shekara ta 2012" na The Guardian, kamar yadda Ahdaf Soueif ya zaba. Mai sukar Mohammed Baradah, a cikin wata kasida a cikin jaridar Al Hayat, ya yaba da Habayeb ta "kyakkyawan, fasahar da harshe mai yawa; iyawar bayyanawa; da kuma ban dariya".

Waleed Abu Bakr ya bayyana shi a matsayin wani labari na "mahaifiyar da ta wuce gona da iri. " Ya kammala cewa "marubucin yana da ra'ayin asarar - wanda ke mamaye yanayin wannan littafin - kuma tana wakiltar dalilin tsammanin a ciki; don haka tana kusantar abinda take nema tunda daɗewa; kuma tayi ƙoƙari ta rubuta game da rayuwa yayin da tayi ƙoƙari don rayuwa; kuma a lokuta biyu ta cancanci girmamawa" 

A cikin "Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci" (قَبْلَ أنْ تَنامَ المَلِكَة,) a cewar jaridar Al Ghad, "Habayeb tazana shafuka masu ƙaya da damuwa waɗanda ke cike da ciwo da damuwa game da manufar asarar ga mace wacce ke ƙoƙarin yin tambaya game da ƙauna, kusantar rayuwa a cikin mafi ƙarancin matakin mutum da cin nasara gaba ɗaya, ta bayyana ma'anar da ita ba ta kwatancin wanzuwar kanta, kuma yana rokon gida; a matsayin yiwuwar mahaifiyarta ta hanyar gayawa kowace mace wannan labarin.

Wadannan sune fassarar Turanci na wani sashi da aka karɓa daga "Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci" (قَبْلَ أنْ تَنامَ المَلِكَة):

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, kuma ta hanyar AIRP, Huzama Habayeb ta sami littafinta na uku da aka buga. Littafin, wanda ake kira "Velvet" (مُخْمَل), ya nuna yanayin sansanonin Palasdinawa ba tareda neman gafara ba, mai zurfi, mai gaskiya. Yana nuna sansanin Palasdinawa a cikin siffarsa kuma yana fallasa gaskiyar da ba ataɓa bayyanawa ba, ba tareda wani kayan ado ko rufewa da abin daya fi dacewa da Palasdinawa. Yana magance matsalolin "al'umma, tattalin arziki, harma da al'adu" da damuwa ba tare da ka'idojin ɗabi'a ba, guje wa manufofi masu banƙyama da ka'idodin da aka saba amfani da su. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Naguib Mahfouz ta 2017 don wallafe-wallafen.

"Velvet" (مُخْمَل) tana nuna wani abu mai ban mamaki na mace ta gaskiya, ta hanyar babban hali wanda sunansa shine "Hawwa" (daidai da "Haw" acikin harshen Ingilishi,) kamar yadda Habayeb ke amfani da wannan mutum mai ban sha'awa don rufe rayuwa a cikin sansanonin Palasdinawa; yana nuna nau'o'i daban-daban, jin dadi, da ji. Labari ne na wata mace mai ban mamaki wacce ke gwagwarmaya don tsira da ƙauna, tana farfado da kanta aduk lokacin data rushe, kuma tana cika burinta ta hanyar juriya duk da al'ummartada batada tausayi da ke murkushe ta.

Wannan labari wuri ne inda soyayya, ƙyamar, ƙetare da runguma suka haɗu; haɓaka wani yanayi na mummunar gaskiyar ta hanyar labari mai ban sha'awa wanda ke nuna lokutan da ke ban sha'a da ban tsoro da kuma ainihin mutane, na nama da jini, tare da jiye-jiye na idiosyncratic Habayeb ba tare da jinkiri baya bayyana.

Wadannan sune fassarar Turanci na wani sashi da aka karɓa daga "Velvet" (مُخْمَل):


 Ba tatsuniyoyi ba 
A duk rayuwarta, Habayeb ta rubuta wa jaridu da mujallu da yawa na yau da kullun da na lokaci-lokaci kamar su Al Ra'i, Ad-Dustour, Doha Magazine, Al-Qafilah Magazine, da Dubai Al-Thakafiya, mujallar kowane wata inda take da nata shafi a halin yanzu. Habayeb ta yi magana game da batutuwa da yawa a cikin abubuwan da bana almara ba - siyasa, adabi, batutuwan zamantakewa, fasaha, ilimin ɗan adam da abubuwan da suka faru.

Duk da kasancewa marubucin Larabawa wanda aka rubuta dukkan tarihin da aka buga a Larabci, Habayeb ta sami nasarar bunkasa sunanta a duniya ta hanyar shiga cikin al'adu da yawa da suka faru a waje da Larabawa, da kuma fassara wasu sassanta zuwa Turanci. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2011, Habayeb ta shiga cikin "Ganin Falasdinu;" wani al'adu, taron wallafe-wallafen game da wallafe-walaren Falasdinu da aka gudanar a Oslo. Taron ya hada da tarurruka na tattaunawa da karatu tare da marubutan Palasdinawa da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai Habayeb .  Ta kuma shiga cikin wani taron al'adu wanda Jami'ar Hankuk ta Nazarin Kasashen Waje ta shirya a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, inda ta - tare da wasu marubuta biyu  batada lacca game da nuna bambanci wanda Palasdinawa a cikin jihohin Larabawa ke ƙarƙashinsa.

Wasu daga cikin labarun Habayeb an fassara su cikin Turanci, wanda ya taimaka wa muryarta ta wallafe-wallafen ta kai ga yawancin masu karatu a duk duniya. Mujallar da ke Landan Banipal ta buga abubuwa da yawa da Habayeb ta fassara zuwa Turanci kamar gajeren labarin "Sweeter Night" (لَيلٌ أحلْى) daga tarin da sunan iri ɗaya, da kuma babi na goma sha biyu na littafin "Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci" (قَبْلَ أنْ تَامَنََََ).

Ta kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa a cikin "Qissat," wani tarihin gajerun labaru da mata marubutana Palasdinawa suka rubuta wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2006. Labarin Habayeb shine "Thread Snaps" (خَيْطٌ يَنْقَطِع) daga tarin gajerun labarai na huɗu, "Sweeter Night" (لَيْلٌ أحْلَى).

 Tasirin siyasa 
A kusan kowane aikin Huzama Habayeb, ko littafi ne ko ɗan gajeren labari, akwai cikakkiyar bin asalinsa na Palasdinawa; kuma wannan yana bayyane a cikin litattafansa biyu na farko da kuma kisan labaran daga tarin ta huɗu. Ta kuma nuna cewa ta hanyar fassarorin ta, yayin da take zabar littattafan da abubuwan da keciki ke nuna rikicin Palasdinawa da manufofi marasa adalci da Isra'ila ke yi da kuma shafar Palasdinawa, kamar The Wandering Who? ta Gilad Atzmon, wanda ta fassara zuwa Larabci kuma an buga shi a wannan nau'in a watan Yunin shekara ta 2013.   

Babban abin da Habayeb tafi shahara dangane da kalubalantar addinin Zionism, duk da haka, kamfen ne da ta kaddamar dashi game da buga wani tarihin gajerun labaru daga mata na Gabas ta Tsakiya saboda hada labarun marubutan Isra'ila. Habayeb da farko ta amince da ba da gudummawa ga tarihin, amma ta janye ta bayan ta san cewa an haɗa gudummawar marubutan Isra'ila biyu a cikin tarihin; sannan ta tuntubi duk sauran marubutan Larabawa kuma ta shawo kansu su bi jagorancinta. Kamfen ɗin ya ci nasara, yayin da yawancin marubutan suka janye rubuce-rubucen su, wanda ya tilasta Jami'ar Texas a Austin - ma'aikatar da ke karɓar aikin - don soke tarihin. Habayeb ta tabbatar da ayyukanta a cikin wani edita da aka buga a cikin Gulf News a ranar 25 ga Mayu, shekara ta 2012, tana cewa "Bazan iya yarda ba, ta hanyar ɗabi'a da ɗabi'aa, cewa za a raba muryata daidai da marubutan da ke nuna muryar mai cin zarafi. "

Matsayin Habayeb, kokarin daba a daina ba, da kuma jaruntaka mutane da yawa a duniyar Larabawa sun yaba da su; kuma ta sami goyon baya da yabo da yawa daga kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban na Larabci.

 Bayanan littattafai 
Wadannan sune jerin dukkan ayyukan Habayeb da aka buga; kuma duk an rubuta su da Larabci:

 "Mutumin da ke maimaitawa" (الرَّجُل الذي يَتَكرَّر) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta 1992 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Buga.
 "The Faraway Apples" (التُفَّاحات البَعِيدَة) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta 1994 ta Al-Karmel Publishing House.
 "A Form of Absence" (شَكْلٌِما) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta  1997 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa.
 "Sweeter Night" (لَيْلٌ أحْلَى) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta  2002 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa.
 "The Origin of Love (أصْلُ الهَوَى) Wani littafi da aka buga a shekara ta2007 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa.
 "Begging" (اسْتِجْداء) Tarin shayari da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa.
 "Daga Bayan Windows" (مِنْ وَراء النَّوافِذ) Tarihin gajerun labaru da Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Palasdinawa ta buga a shekara ta 2010.
 "Kafin Sarauniya ta yi barci" (قَبْلَ أن تَنامَ المَلِكَة) Wani littafi da Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa ta buga a shekara ta 2011.
 "Velvet" (مُخْمَل) Wani littafi da aka buga a cikin shekara ta  2016 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa.  

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane
Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba