Seymour Stedman

Seymour "Stedy" Stedman (Yuli 4, 1871 - Yuli 9, 1948) Ba'amurke ne daga Chicago wanda ya tashi daga makiyayi kuma mai kula da tsaro ya zama fitaccen lauyan 'yancin ɗan adam kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Socialist Party of America . An fi tunawa da shi a matsayin dan takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa na 1920 na jam'iyyar Socialist Party of America, lokacin da ya yi takara a kan tikitin da Eugene V. Debs ya jagoranta.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Shekarun farko 
An haifi Seymour Stedman a Hartford, Connecticut, a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1871, ɗan iyayen Anglo-Saxon na kabila tare da kakanni tun lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka . Alexander Trachtenberg (gen. ed.), A Political Guide for the Workers, 1920. Chicago: Socialist Party of the United States, 1920; p. 15. Matsalolin kudi sun tilastawa dangin Stedman ƙaura zuwa yamma, suna zama a Solomon, Kansas, inda mummunan yanayin yanayi ya tilastawa iyalin ci gaba da talauci.  Matashi Seymour an tilasta masa barin makaranta a aji na uku don daukar aikin kiwon tumaki kan dala $5 a wata a matsayin hanyar taimaka wa danginsa su samu biyan bukata. 

Iyalin Stedman sun koma Chicago a 1881 kuma Seymour ya ɗauki aiki don kamfanin masana'antu, yana aiki a matsayin ɗan manzo mai sanye da kayan aiki. Alexander Trachtenberg (gen. ed.), A Political Guide for the Workers, 1920. Chicago: Socialist Party of the United States, 1920; p. 15. Daga baya Stedman ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai kula da wani kamfani na Chicago, aikin da ya ba shi isasshen lokacin karatu. A lokacin karatunsa, ya fara sha'awar ra'ayoyin siyasa a karon farko kuma ya yi ta muhawara kan matsalolin duniya tare da abokai.  A matsayin sakamakon karatunsa da tattaunawarsa, Stedman ya zama mai bin tsarin haraji guda daya wanda Henry George ya yi kira, shirin gyarawa a lokacin a cikin shahararrun mutane. 

A 1889 Stedman ya yanke shawarar cewa yana so ya zama lauya. Alexander Trachtenberg (gen. ed.), A Political Guide for the Workers, 1920. Chicago: Socialist Party of the United States, 1920; p. 15. Ya je wajen shugaban Makarantar Koyon Shari’a na Jami’ar Arewa maso Yamma ya gaya masa abin da yake so, ya yarda cewa ya yi karatun boko na shekaru uku kacal.  Bayan ya gasa matasa na tsawon sa'a guda don sanin matakin iya karatu da basirar Stedman, shugaban ya hakura ya shigar da Stedman jami'a.  Stedman ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai kula da rana kuma ya halarci laccocin jami'a da yamma. Trachtenberg, p. 16. A ƙarshe an shigar da shi zuwa Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois a cikin 1891. 

 Sana'ar siyasa 
A shekara ta 1890 Stedman wanda ya riga ya yanke shawarar cewa yana so ya zama mai magana da yawun jama'a a madadin Jam'iyyar Democrat . Trachtenberg, p. 16. Ya yaba da kwarewarsa wajen yin magana a gaban jama'a, inda ya kware a kan batutuwan da suka shafi dokokin haraji .  Ci gabansa a matsayin ɗan siyasan Demokraɗiyya mai fafutuka ya zo ƙarshe a cikin 1894, duk da haka, lokacin da babban yajin aiki na Ƙungiyar Railway na Amurka ta Eugene V. Debs, wanda ke tsakiya a Chicago wanda Stedman ya goyi bayan a matsayin mai magana da yawun jama'a na ƙungiyar. ta umarnin shari'a da sojojin tarayya da Shugaba Grover Cleveland ya aika zuwa cikin Illinois.  Stedman ya bar sahun jam'iyyar Democrat don nuna rashin amincewa da wannan babban mataki na shugaban Demokradiyar. 

Bayan yajin aikin da aka sha kashi, Gene Debs ya kasance a kurkuku na tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Woodstock a Chicago, inda ya juya zuwa ga koyaswar zamantakewa ta gidan kurkuku na editan jaridar Milwaukee Victor L. Berger . Stedman ba zai yi nisa a bayan shugaban ƙungiyar ba, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin Jam'iyyar Jama'a a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. [2] Ya kasance farkon mai ba da bashi ga Shugaban Amurka, yana taimakawa wajen kafa "Central EV Debs Club" a Chicago a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1896, kuma taron an zabe shi shugaban sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙarfafawa.

An zabi Stedman a babban taron kasa na Jam'iyyar Jama'a na 1896, wanda aka gudanar a St. Louis, inda ya yi yunƙurin fara motsi tsakanin wakilai don tsara Gene Debs a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa na ƙungiyar don Shugaban Amurka . Trachtenberg, pp. 16–17. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wakilai 1300 da suka taru sun rattaba hannu kan takardar koke na neman Debs wanda Stedman ya zagaya. Trachtenberg, p. 17. Ƙoƙarinsa na ɗan gajeren lokaci ne ta hanyar yaudarar magoya bayan William Jennings Bryan, duk da haka, lokacin da aka rufe fitilun gas a kan taron.  Kashegari an karanta wata sanarwa ta Debs ga taron da ke nuna cewa ba shi da sha'awar tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa kuma an gama shirin, ya bar Stedman ya goyi bayan Bryan a yakin 1896. 

A cikin 1897 Victor Berger ya yanke shawarar yin aiki don canza tsarin dimokuradiyya na Amurka, ƙungiyar da aka kafa tare da manufar gina mulkin gurguzu a wasu jihohin yammacin Amurka zuwa jam'iyyar siyasa mai cikakken iko. Ya tara Debs, Stedman, da sauransu don wannan dalili, wanda ya kai ga ƙarshe a babban taron ƙungiyar na Yuni 1898. Trachtenberg, p. 17. Yaƙin kan babbar tambaya ta mulkin mallaka da ayyukan siyasa masu zaman kansu sun sami nasara a hannun ƙungiyar masu mulkin mallaka ta hanyar jefa kuri'a na 53 zuwa 37, Trachtenberg, p. 18. sakamakon da ya sa Berger, Debs, Stedman, da masu ra'ayinsu suka toshe taron kuma suka kafa. sabuwar kungiyar siyasa ta nasu - Social Democratic Party of America (SDP). 

Stedman ya kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na SDP daga 1898. Lokacin da bayan muhawara mai yawa da kungiyar ta hade da wata kungiya mai suna Gabas karkashin jagorancin Henry Slobodin da Morris Hillquit don kafa jam'iyyar Socialist Party of America (SPA) a 1901, Sedman ya zama memba na kafa wannan kungiyar kuma. Trachtenberg, p. 18.

An ba da sunan Stedman don nadawa ga Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka a taron SPA na 1908 a Chicago, amma ya bi Benjamin Hanford don girmamawa, ya rasa ta hanyar kuri'a na 106 zuwa 46. Trachtenberg, p. 18. A cikin 1912, an zaɓi Stedman a Majalisar Wakilai ta Illinois a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wakilai uku daga gundumar 13th tare da ɗan takarar Republican Benton Kleeman da ɗan takarar Progressive Elmer Schnackenberg . Ya kasance dan takarar Socialist na Shugaban Majalisar Wakilai na Illinois a Babban Taro na 48th.  A shekara ta 1914, Stedman ya yi rashin nasara, inda ya kammala na biyar na 'yan takara biyar don kujeru uku. 

A cikin 1915 Stedman shine ɗan takararsu na Magajin garin Chicago kuma a 1920 don mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Amurka, yana gudana akan tikitin da Eugene V. Debs ke jagoranta. A lokacin yakin duniya na daya Stedman ya kasance fitaccen mai kare abokan adawar yaki da aka tuhume shi da laifin tayar da zaune tsaye, musamman Rose Pastor Stokes .

A lokacin sanannen lokacin farko na ƙarshen 1930s, Stedman ɗan ɗan lokaci ne memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka . 

 Mutuwa 
Seymour Stedman ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1948, a Chicago, Illinois.

 Manazarta 

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