Ka'idojin Kasa da Kasa kan Aikace-aikacen 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Kula da Hanyoyin Sadarwa

Ka'idojin kasa da kasa kan aikace-aikacen 'yancin ɗan adam don sa ido kan hanyoyin sadarwa (wanda kuma ake kira "Ka'idodin Mahimmanci da Daidaituwa" ko kawai "Ka'idodi") takarda ce da aka ƙaddamar a hukumance a Majalisar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Geneva a cikin Satumba 2013 ta Gidauniyar Lantarki ta Gidauniyar Frontier. NECESSARY & PROPORTIONATE: International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, at Background History, May 2014 wanda ke ƙoƙarin "bayyana yadda dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam ke aiki a cikin yanayin dijital na yanzu". International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, at Preface, May 2014 Sa ido kan hanyoyin sadarwa (wato, yawan sa ido kan hanyoyin sadarwa ) yana cin karo da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam na duniya, musamman na sirri . Sakamakon haka, sa ido kan sadarwa na iya faruwa ne kawai lokacin da doka ta tsara don cimma halaltacciyar manufa, kuma daidai da manufar da ake amfani da ita. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 29; General Comment No. 27, Adopted by The Human Rights Committee Under Article 40, Paragraph 4, Of The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9, November 2, 1999 "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism," 2009, A/HRC/17/34. Frank La Rue, "Report of the Special Rapporteur to the Human Rights Council on the implications of States' surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression", 2013, A.HRC.23.40 EN

Takardar ta ƙunshi ka'idoji 13 da aka ɓullo da su don samar da ƙungiyoyin al'umma, masana'antu, gwamnatoci, da sauransu tare da tsari don tantance ko dokokin sa ido na yanzu da shawarwari ko ƙa'idodi sun ci karo da dokar 'yancin ɗan adam ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Government Guide on the International Principles on the application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance

 Tarihi 
Ƙaddamar da ƙa'idodin ya faru ne sakamakon taron da aka yi tsakanin ƙwararru sama da 40 a cikin sirri da tsaro a Brussels, Oktoba  2012. Bayan shawarwarin farko, an yi taro na biyu a Rio de Janeiro a watan Disamba shekarar 2012 tare da halartar Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman . UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Frank La Rue, A/HRC/23/40, at para 10 Tattaunawar duniya ta biyo baya ta hanyar kiran taro kowane wata tsakanin Janairu da Mayu 2013.  An kammala tsara tsarin, karkashin jagorancin Access Now, EFF da Privacy International, tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama, Lauyoyin Laifuka, Masu kare hakkin Dan Adam da masu kare sirrin sirri an kammala kuma an buga su a karon farko a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2013 akan layi a www.necessaryandproportionate.org. EFF, Necessary and Proportionate, article 19, May 2014 at 1

A watan Satumban shekarar 2013 ne aka kaddamar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 24 a birnin Geneva a hukumance.

Ƙungiyoyi sama da 400 sun karɓi ƙa'idodin a duniya yanzu. Amincewar duniya ta buƙaci sauye-sauyen rubutu na zahiri a cikin harshen takaddar don dalilai na fassara . Wannan ya faru tsakanin Maris da Mayu 2014. International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, at Insert, May 2014

Tasiri da niyya na ka'idodin sun kasance iri ɗaya, kuma an ƙaddamar da sigar ƙarshe da iko na takaddar a watan Mayu 2014. International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance at Insert, May 2014

 Taimakon Siyasa Kafin Buga Ka'idoji 
Fitar da farko ya biyo bayan rahoton da wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da ra’ayi ya bayar a watan Afrilun 2013, wanda ya yi nuni da yadda jahohin kasar ke gudanar da bincike a kan harkokin sadarwa, inda ya bayyana cewa irin wannan sa ido yana matukar durkusar da ‘yan kasa na jin dadin rayuwa ta sirri, da fadin albarkacin bakinsu. kuma su more sauran muhimman hakkokinsu na dan Adam. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression 10 April 2013

A cikin Yuli 2013 Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya jaddada mahimmancin amfani da ka'idojin 'yancin ɗan adam da kiyaye dimokuradiyya don sa ido da ayyukan tabbatar da doka: "Yayin da damuwa game da tsaron ƙasa da ayyukan aikata laifuka na iya ba da hujjar keɓancewar kuma kunkuntar yin amfani da sa ido. shirye-shirye, sa ido ba tare da isassun kariya ba don kare haƙƙin sirri, haƙiƙa yana haɗarin yin mummunan tasiri kan jin daɗin haƙƙin ɗan adam da yancin ɗan adam." 

 Manufar 
Manufar ka'idodin ita ce samar da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, jihohi, kotuna, ƙungiyoyin majalisu da hukumomi, masana'antu da sauransu tare da tsari don tantance ko dokokin sa ido na yanzu ko waɗanda aka gabatar sun bi Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya. 

Damuwar ita ce, an kawar da mahimman kariyar sirri tare da ci gaban fasaha, don haka ana buƙatar tallafi mai ƙarfi a wasu yankuna don ɗaga haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa zuwa ma'auni waɗanda suka haɓaka tun kafin zamanin dijital. EFF, Necessary and Proportionate, article 19, May 2014 at 2

 Ka'idoji 
Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen takaddun da ke ɗauke da ƙa'idodi. Duk abin da ke ƙasa tushe ne daga ainihin takaddar kanta, sai dai inda aka lura. International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, May 2014

 Preamble 
Gabatar da daftarin aiki ya gane cewa Sa ido kan Sadarwa yana tsoma baki tare da Haƙƙin sirri, don haka za a iya amfani da shi kawai lokacin da doka ta tsara, wanda ya zama dole don cimma halaltacciyar manufa, kuma daidai da manufar da ake bi. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 29; General Comment No. 27, Adopted by The Human Rights Committee Under Article 40, Paragraph 4, Of The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9, November 2, 1999 "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism," 2009, A/HRC/17/34. Frank La Rue, "Report of the Special Rapporteur to the Human Rights Council on the implications of States' surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression", 2013, A.HRC.23.40 EN Ra'ayin daftarin aiki shine cewa dokokin kare hakkin dan adam da ake da su ba su ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha ba. Gabatarwar ta bayyana cewa barazanar waɗannan haƙƙoƙin haɗe da haɓakar shaharar yin amfani da abun ciki na sadarwa da metadata waɗanda jihohi ba sa sanya “isasshen hani kan yadda jihohi za su iya amfani da su daga baya”. International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, Preamble, May 2014 

 Iyakar Aikace-aikacen 
Don samun madaidaicin iyaka da manufar aikace-aikacen takardar, ana buƙatar karantawa da fassara shi azaman wani ɓangare na babban tsari maimakon a matsayin ƙa'idodin mutum ɗaya. Aiwatar da wannan daftarin aiki shine a yi amfani da su duka a cikin jihohi da kuma wasu yankuna, ba tare da la'akari da manufa ba.

Shi ne neman kariya ga mutum daga jihar, kuma ya ce akwai wajibcin jihohi don kare daidaikun mutane daga wadanda ba na jiha ba . International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, at Scope of Application, May 2014

Takardar ta bayyana cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi amfani da ƙa'idodin ta wannan hanyar ba, wata ƙasa mai sa ido kan harkokin sadarwa ba za ta iya cika haƙƙin ɗan Adam na ƙasa da ƙasa ba. An bayyana ka'idodin don "bayyana ayyuka da wajibai na Jihohi lokacin da suke sa ido kan Sadarwa". International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, at Scope of Application, May 2014

 Canza Ma'anoni da Fasaha 
Wannan sashe na takardar an keɓe shi ne don fassarar wasu sharuɗɗan da aka samo a cikin takaddar, kuma yana nuna cewa wasu ma'anoni na shari'a da aka yi amfani da su ba su ci gaba da tafiya daidai da canjin fasaha ba, kuma suna buƙatar maimaitawa. Ka'idojin sun bayyana cewa saboda karuwar ikon sa ido na sadarwa, tsarin doka da ke akwai wanda a halin yanzu ya bambanta tsakanin 'abun ciki' da 'marasa abun ciki' bai dace ba, kuma kariya daga kowane nau'in sa ido ya kamata a ba da fifiko mafi girma na doka. .

 Ka'idoji 

 Shari'a 
Duk wani iyaka da aka sanya akan Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya dole ne doka ta tsara shi. Ya kamata a ba da isasshiyar sanarwa idan wata doka da aka tsara za ta iyakance ɗayan waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Yakamata dokar ta fito karara, kuma a yi mata bita-da-kulli na lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar da cewa ta yi tasiri idan aka yi la’akari da saurin ci gaban fasaha.

 Halalcin Manufar 
Hukumomin jihohi da aka ba da izini kawai su yi amfani da sa ido na sadarwa idan ya cancanta a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya . Duk wani yanayi da ake nuna wariya bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba.

 Larura 
Dokokin sa ido yakamata su iyakance ga waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don cimma halaltacciyar manufa, ko kuma inda akwai hanyoyi da yawa amma Sa ido kan Sadarwa shine hanya mafi ƙarancin kutse akan Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya. Dole ne a ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gwamnati International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance, at Principle of Necessity, May 2014

 Wadata 
Duk wani sa ido na sadarwa da doka ta ba da izini dole ne ya dace da haƙƙin haƙƙin manufar da yake cikawa.

 Daidaituwa 
Ana ɗaukar Sa ido kan Sadarwa a matsayin babban kutse, don haka dole ne a yi la'akari da hankali da tsananin yanayin. Ya kamata jihar ta kafa abubuwa masu zuwa kafin gudanar da sa ido kan sadarwa:

 Akwai babban damar aikata manyan laifuka ko takamaiman barazana
 Akwai babban yiwuwar cewa za a sami shaidar da ta dace.
 Sauran fasahohin da ba su da ƙarfi sun ƙare, kamar yadda sa ido kan sadarwa shine mafi ƙarancin kutse.
 Bayanan da aka tattara za a keɓe ga waɗanda suka dace kawai
 Za a dawo da bayanan da suka wuce gona da iri
 Takaitacciyar hukuma za ta yi amfani da bayanan da aka samu don manufar da aka ba hukumar
 Hukumomin da ake buƙata don amfani da sa ido na sadarwa ba zai lalata manufar haƙƙin keɓantawa ko wasu ƴancin yanci ba.

 Ingantacciyar Hukumar Shari'a 
Hukumar da ke tabbatar da ingancin sa ido na sadarwa dole ne ta kasance mai zaman kanta daga waɗanda ke gudanar da sa ido, kuma ta kasance masu cancanta yayin yanke waɗannan yanke shawara.

 Tsari Tsari 
Cewa kowa yana da hakkin ya yi adalci da sauraron jama'a cikin lokaci mai ma'ana ta hukumar shari'a da ta cancanta. Ana iya amfani da tsarin da ya dace tare da " daidaitaccen tsari " da " adalci na dabi'a " European Convention for Human Rights, Article 6(1) The American Convention on Human Rights, Article 8

 Sanarwa mai amfani 
Ya kamata a ba wa waɗannan batutuwa na Sa ido kan Sadarwa damar ƙalubalantar shawarar lokacin da aka yanke shawarar sa ido. Abubuwan da aka gabatar don tallafawa aikace-aikacen yakamata su kasance don waɗannan batutuwa. Ana karɓar jinkiri a cikin sanarwar inda sanarwar za ta kawo cikas ga manufar sa ido na sadarwa da izini daga ƙwararrun hukumomin shari'a.

 Bayyana gaskiya 
Bayani game da amfani da adadin Sa ido na Sadarwa yakamata a samu ga waɗanda suka nema. Ya kamata jihohi su baiwa mai buƙatun bayanan da ya ishe su tabbatar da yanayin buƙatun da kuma tantance girman duka buƙatun da waɗanda abin ya shafa. Hakanan ya kamata a buga bayanan buƙatun sadarwar da aka bincika.

 Sa idon Jama'a 
Ya kamata jihohi su kafa matsayi mai zaman kansa don sa ido kan yadda ake amfani da Sa ido kan Sadarwa da tabbatar da gaskiya da rikon amana. Mutanen da ke wannan matsayi za su sami isasshen ikon yin amfani da duk bayanan da suka dace, don tantance ko jihar na yin amfani da haƙƙinta na halal, don tantance ko jihar ta cika ayyukanta na gaskiya, da kuma yanke shawarar jama'a. zuwa halalcin wadancan ayyuka. Takardun a wannan misalin ya yi nuni ga Tsangwamar Kwamishinan Sadarwa na Burtaniya a matsayin misali na irin wannan tsarin sa ido mai zaman kansa. 

 Mutuncin sadarwa da tsarin 
Kada jihohi su buƙaci waɗannan masu ba da sabis ko masu siyar da software/hardware don gina ikon sa ido/sa ido a cikin tsarin su. Mutane suna da 'yancin bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da sunansu ba. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression 10 April 2013

 Kare don Haɗin gwiwar Ƙasashen Duniya 
Inda wata jiha ta shiga yarjejeniya ta taimakon shari'a (MLAT) ko wata yarjejeniyoyin hukunce-hukunce da yawa inda hukunce-hukuncen shari'a fiye da ɗaya suka mamaye, dokokin da suka shafi sune waɗanda ke da babban matakin kariya ga mutum. MLAT's kuma yakamata ya kasance a bayyane, samuwa a bainar jama'a kuma yana ƙarƙashin garantin adalci na tsari.

 Kare kariya daga shiga ba bisa doka ba da haƙƙin samun ingantacciyar magani 
Ya kamata a hana sa ido na sadarwa ta wasu kamfanoni tare da isassun hukumci. Yakamata a samar da kariya ga masu busa busa . Duk wani bayanin da aka samu ta hanyar da bai dace da waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba ya kamata a yarda da shi azaman shaida. Da zarar an yi amfani da bayanan da aka tattara ta hanyar sa ido na sadarwa don manufar da aka tattara su, to sai a lalata su ko kuma a mayar da su cikin gaggawa.

 Martani 
A cikin Oktoba 2013, an haɓaka ƙa'idodin a cikin ɗan gajeren fayil ɗin da aka gabatar a gaban Rukunin Bita na Shugaban ƙasa akan Fasahar Fasaha da Sadarwa. Suna da'awar cewa "A cikin duniyar da ta fi ƙarfin fasaha, ba a ƙara sani ba ko bambanci tsakanin "data-data" da sauran bayanai yana ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa."  

Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya da Fasaha ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke nuni da cin karo da juna tsakanin ka'idoji da shawarar 9 ga Disamba, 2013 da kungiyoyin fasaha irin su AOL, Apple, Facebook, Google, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Twitter, da Yahoo! . 

Yanzu, ƙa'idodin suna da ƙungiyoyi sama da 400 daga ko'ina cikin duniya waɗanda ke tallafawa ƙa'idodin tare da masana sama da 40, Malamai da manyan mutane daga ƙasashe sama da 17, da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai ko jam'iyyun siyasa 6 daga ƙasashe 5. List of Signatories

Yanzu ana amfani da ƙa'idodin a matsayin abin koyi don sake fasalin dokokin sa ido da manufofin a duk duniya da kuma samar da ma'auni don auna ko ayyukan sa ido na Jiha sun bi Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya. 13 International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communication Surveillance


 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Mabukata da Ƙa'idodin Ma'auni na hukuma
 Cikakken rubutu na ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa kan Aiwatar da Haƙƙin Dan Adam zuwa Sa ido kan Sadarwa

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba

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