Jami'ar Fort Hare

Jami'ar Fort Hare jami'a ce ta jama'a a Alice, Eastern Cape, Afirka ta Kudu .

Ya kasance babban ma'aikatar ilimi mafi girma ga 'yan Afirka daga 1916 zuwa 1959 lokacin da ya ba da ilimin ilimi na Yamma ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, yana haifar da ƙwararrun Afirka. Tsoffin ɗaliban Fort Hare sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai da gwamnatocin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu.

A shekara ta 1959, tsarin wariyar launin fata ya haɗa jami'ar, amma yanzu tana cikin tsarin ilimi na Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launinariya. Ita ce alma mater na sanannun mutane ciki har da Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, da sauransu.

 Tarihi 
Asalinsa, Fort Hare wani sansanin soja ne na Burtaniya a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Mazauna Burtaniya da Xhosa na karni na 19. Wasu daga cikin rushewar sansanin har yanzu suna bayyane a yau, da kuma kaburbura na wasu daga cikin sojojin Burtaniya da suka mutu yayin aiki a can.

A cikin shekarun 1830, an gina Cibiyar Mishan ta Lovedale kusa da Fort Hare . : James Stewart, daya daga cikin shugabannin mishan, ya ba da shawarar a 1878 cewa ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar ma'aikata don ilimi mafi girma na ɗaliban baƙar fata.[1]: 419 Koyaya, bai rayu ba don ganin ra'ayinsa ya fara aiki [1]: 419 lokacin da, a 1916, aka kafa Fort Hare tare da Alexander Kerr a matsayin shugabanta na farko. D. D. T. Jabavu shine ma'aikacin baƙar fata na farko wanda ya ba da lacca a cikin yarukan Latin da Afirka.[1]: 419 Dangane da ka'idodin Kirista, kudaden sun kasance ƙasa kuma an tallafa musu sosai. Hakanan akwai tallafin karatu da yawa ga ɗalibai marasa galihu.

Fort Hare yana da ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin shekaru kafin ya zama jami'a da kansa. Da farko an kira shi Kwalejin 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu ko Kwalejin' Yan asalin Fort Hare  kuma an haɗa shi da Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu. Maaba, Brown Bavusile (2001). : Daga nan ya zama Kwalejin Jami'ar Fort Hare kuma yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Rhodes.[2]: 419 Tare da gabatar da wariyar launin fata, manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Afirka ta Kudu an ware su sosai tare da layin launin fata; baƙi a baya sun tafi aji tare da Indiyawa, masu launi da 'yan fararen ɗalibai. Daga 1953 makarantar ta zama wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimin Bantu, kuma tare da wucewar Dokar Gabatar da Gwamnatin Kai ta Bantu a 1959, an sanya shi ƙasa kuma an raba shi tare da launin fata da kabilanci, kuma an ƙarfafa koyarwa a cikin harsunan Afirka maimakon Turanci. Fort Hare ya zama jami'ar baƙar fata a cikin kansa a cikin 1970, wanda gwamnatin jihar ke sarrafawa sosai.[2] : 419 
Ya kasance babban ma'aikata a ilimi mafi girma ga baƙar fata na Afirka daga 1916 zuwa 1959. Ya ba da ilimin ilimi na Yammacin Turai ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, yana haifar da ƙwararrun baƙar fata na Afirka. Tsoffin jami'an Fort Hare sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai da gwamnatocin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu. Daga cikin wadanda suka yi karatu a Fort Hare wadanda daga baya suka zama shugabannin kasashensu sune Kenneth Kaunda, Seretse Khama, Yusuf Lule, Julius Nyerere, Robert Mugabe da Joshua Nkomo .
Manyan abokan adawar mulkin wariyar launin fata da suka halarci sun hada da Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki da Oliver Tambo na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka, Mangosuthu Buthelezi na Inkatha Freedom Party, Robert Sobukwe na Majalisar Dattijai ta Pan Africanist, da Desmond Tutu . Mandela, wanda ya yi karatun Latin da kimiyyar lissafi a can kusan shekaru biyu a cikin shekarun 1940, ya bar ma'aikatar sakamakon rikici da shugaban kwaleji. Daga baya ya rubuta a cikin tarihin kansa: "Ga matasa baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu kamar ni, Oxford ne da Cambridge, Harvard da Yale, duk sun rufa cikin ɗaya. "

Bayan karshen wariyar launin fata, Oliver Tambo ya zama shugaban jami'ar a shekarar 1991. A shekara ta 2005, an ba Jami'ar Fort Hare lambar yabo ta Order of the Baobab in Gold don "Hadin gwiwar musamman ga horar da Black ilimi da ci gaban jagoranci a nahiyar Afirka".

 Jami'ar 
Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Alice kusa da Kogin Tyhume . Yana cikin Lardin Gabashin Cape kimanin kilomita 50 a yammacin Garin Sarki William, a cikin yankin da aka sani da "mai zaman kansa" jihar Ciskei.  A cikin shekara ta 2011, harabar Alice tana da dalibai 6400. An gina harabar ta biyu a babban birnin lardin Gabashin Cape na Bhisho a cikin 1990 kuma tana karbar bakuncin 'yan dalibai ɗari, yayin da harabar a Gabashin London, wanda aka samu ta hanyar hadewa a cikin 2004, tana da dalibai 4300.

Jami'ar tana da fannoni biyar (Ilimi, Shari'a, Gudanarwa & Kasuwanci, Kimiyya & Aikin Gona, Kimiyya da Jama'a) dukansu suna ba da cancanta har zuwa matakin digiri.

 Shirye-shiryen dabarun 
Bayan wani lokaci na raguwa a cikin shekarun 1990, an nada Derrick Swarts mataimakin shugaban jami'a tare da aikin sake kafa jami'ar a kan tushe mai kyau.  Shirin da Swarts ya ƙaddamar shine shirin dabarun UFH na 2000. An tsara shirin ne don magance yanayin kudi na jami'ar da kuma ingancin ilimi a lokaci guda. An mayar da hankali ga jami'ar kuma saboda haka fannoni biyar sun kasance:

 Ilimi
 Kimiyya da noma
 Kimiyya ta zamantakewa da bil'adama
 Gudanarwa da kasuwanci
 Dokar

Ci gaba da rage mayar da hankali, an kafa cibiyoyi 14 don magance takamaiman batutuwa, kamar UNESCO Oliver Tambo Chair of Human Rights. Ta hanyar wurin da suke cibiyoyin suna da damar zuwa yankunan karkara marasa galihu, kuma saboda haka ana mai da hankali kan rawar da bincike ke takawa wajen inganta ingancin rayuwa da ci gaban tattalin arziki (kuma musamman samar da aiki mai ɗorewa). Daga cikin shirye-shiryen fadakarwa, Cibiyar Kwarewar Telkom tana kula da " dakin gwaje-gwaje mai rai" na makarantu huɗu a Dwesa a kan Wild Coast, waɗanda suka gabatar da dakunan gwaje-gaje na kwamfuta da damar intanet zuwa yankunan da har zuwa 2005 ba su da wutar lantarki.  Ayyukan da aka yi a Dwesa suna mai da hankali kan bincike kan Bayani da Sadarwa don Ci gaba (ICD).

Haɗakar da tsohon harabar Jami'ar Rhodes a Gabashin Landan a shekara ta 2004 ya ba jami'ar tushe na birni da tushe na bakin teku a karon farko. Ci gaban da ci gaba a wannan harabar sun kasance masu sauri. Ci gaban farko na sabuwar jami'ar da ke da yawa an jagoranta ta hanyar shirin shekaru uku; a halin yanzu jami'ar tana bin sabon "Tsarin dabarun 2009-2016", wanda aka shirya don ɗaukar ma'aikatar zuwa shekara ɗari.
Lokaci Mafi Girma Ilimi Matsayi 2024ShekaraMatsayi na Duniya20241201–1500

 Shahararrun ɗalibai 
SunanDoB - DoDBayaniDokta Maurice Robert Joseph Peters23 ga Yuli 1899 - 31 ga Agusta 1959Dokta na farko na Indiya ta Kudu, ya kammala karatun MBChB daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a 1926.Milner Langa Kabane18 Yuni 1900 - 1945Malami, Shugaban farko na asali a Kwalejin Lovedale, Dan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu, SA Bill of Rights majagaba: 1943.Republic of South Africa, The Presidency, National Orders Booklet, 2017.Africans Claims in South Africa, Alfred Bathini Xuma, 1943African Native College Calendar, Thirteenth year, 1928. Z. K. Matthews20 ga Oktoba 1901 - 11 ga Mayu 1968Ya koyar a Fort Hare daga 1936 zuwa 1959Archibald Campbell Jordan30 ga Oktoba 1906 - 20 ga Oktoba 1968Mawallafi, wanda ya fara nazarin AfirkaGovan Mbeki9 ga Yulin 1910 - 30 ga Agusta 2001Dan siyasa na Afirka ta KuduYusuf Lule10 Afrilu 1912 - 21 Janairu 1985Shugaban rikon kwarya na Uganda 1979Cedric Phatudi27 Mayu 1912 - 7 Oktoba 1987Tsohon Babban Ministan -" data-linkid="228" href="./Lebowa" id="mw4g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lebowa">Lebowa 1972-1987Kaiser Matanzima15 Yuni 1915 - 15 Yuni 2003Shugaban bantustan TranskeiMary Malahlela2 ga Mayu 1916 - 8 ga Mayu 1981Likita baƙar fata ta farko a Afirka ta KuduOliver Tambo27 ga Oktoba 1917 - 24 ga Afrilu 1993Mai fafutukar jam'iyyar African National Congress, an kore shi yayin da yake karatun digiri na biyuNelson Mandela18 ga Yulin 1918 - 5 ga Disamba 2013Tsohon Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu; an kore shi kuma daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Witwatersrand amma bai kammala karatu baCharles Njonjo23 Janairu 1920 - 2 Janairu 2022 Tsohon Babban Lauyan Kenya da Tsohon Ministan Shari'a a KenyaLionel Ngakane17 ga Yulin 1920 - 26 ga Nuwamba 2003Mai shirya fina-finai na Afirka ta KuduSeretse Khama1 ga Yulin 1921 - 13 ga Yulin 1980Shugaban farko na BotswanaJulius Nyerere19 ga Yulin 1922 - 14 ga Oktoba 1999Shugaban farko na TanzaniaHerbert Chitepo15 Yuni 1923 - 18 Maris 1975Shugaban ZANURobert Mugabe21 Fabrairu 1924 - 6 Satumba 2019Tsohon Shugaban Zimbabwe, ya halarci 1949-1951Kenneth Kaunda28 Afrilu 1924 - 17 Yuni 2021Shugaban farko na ZambiaCan Themba21 Yuni 1924 - 1968Marubucin Afirka ta Kudu kuma daya daga cikin "Drum Boys" wanda ya yi aiki ga Drum (mujallar ga baƙar fata na biraneRobert Sobukwe5 Disamba 1924 - 27 Fabrairu 1978Wanda ya kafa Majalisar Pan AfricanistTaron Pan AfricanistAlfred Nzo19 Yuni 1925 - 13 Janairu 2000Dan siyasa na Afirka ta KuduMunyua Waiyaki12 Disamba 1926 - 26 Afrilu 2017Tsohon Ministan Harkokin Waje na KenyaAllan Hendrickse22 ga Oktoba 1927 - 16 ga Maris 2005Dan siyasa, mai wa'azi, kuma malamiMangosuthu Buthelezi27 ga Agusta 1928 - 9 ga Satumba 2023Shugaban Jam'iyyar Inkatha Freedom, bai taba kammala karatu ba amma ya koma Jami'ar Natal. Shugaba na KwaZulu Bantustan a cikin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta KuduLeepile Moshweu Taunyane14 Disamba 1928 - 30 Oktoba 2013Rayuwa Shugaban Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Firimiya, Shugaban Kungiyar Malamai ta Afirka ta KuduDesmond Tutu7 ga Oktoba 1931 - 26 ga Disamba 2021Archbishop Emeritus, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya na Afirka ta Kudu, Chaplain a Fort Hare a 1967-1969. Frank Mdlalose29 Nuwamba 1931 - 4 Afrilu 2021Firayim Minista na farko na KwaZulu-NatalFirayim Minista na KwaZulu-NatalFabian Defu Ribeiro19 Yuni 1933 - 1 Disamba 1986Likitan Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fataIvy Matsepe-Casaburri18 Satumba 1937 - 6 Afrilu 2009Ministan Sadarwa, Afirka ta KuduManto Tshabalala-Msimang9 ga Oktoba 1940 - 16 ga Disamba 2009Ministan Lafiya na Afirka ta KuduChris Hani28 Yuni 1942 - 10 Afrilu 1993Shugaba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu - An kore shi, daga baya ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar RhodesMai hikima Nkuhlu5 Fabrairu 1944 -Mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga tsohon shugaban kasar Thabo Mbeki, Shugaban NEPADMakhenkesi Arnold Stofile27 Disamba 1944 - 15 Agusta 2016tsohon Ministan Wasanni na Afirka ta KuduSam Nolutshungu15 ga Afrilu 1945 - 12 ga Agusta 1997Masanin Afirka ta KuduNyameko Barney Pityana7 ga Agusta 1945 -lauya da masanin tauhidi, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Afirka ta KuduSabelo Phama31 Maris 1949 - 9 Fabrairu 1994Dan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu kuma Sakataren Tsaro a Majalisar Dinkin DuniyaBulelani Ngcuka2 ga Mayu 1954 -Tsohon Darakta na Shari'a na Afirka ta KuduDaraktan Masu Shari'a na Jama'aLoyiso Nongxa22 ga Oktoba 1954 -Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar WitwatersrandThandi Ndlovu1954/1955 - 24 ga Janairu 2019Likitan likitan Afirka ta Kudu kuma 'yar kasuwaYusufu Diescho10 Afrilu 1955 -Mawallafin NamibiyaJohn Hlophe1 ga Janairu 1959 -Alkalin Shugaban Babban Kotun Lardin CapeZara Thruster15 ga Yulin 1977 -Patenting nerve regeneration fili "18-MĆ" cire daga tushen Alepidea amatymbica shukaDokta Mgwebi SnailKwando na Mgwebi12 ga Oktoba 1952 -Masanin tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, ɗan siyasa Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) da MawallafiWandile Sihlobo16 ga Oktoba 1990Masanin tattalin arzikin noma na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban karkara na gwamnatiArchie Mafeje30 Maris 1936-28 Maris 2007Masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma mai fafutuka wanda ke da hannu a cikin MafejeMafeje Affair
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba