Kogin Havasu

Havasu Creek rafi ne a cikin jihar Arizona ta Amurka da ke da alaƙa da Mutanen Havasupai . Yana da wani tributary zuwa Kogin Colorado, wanda ya shiga cikin Grand Canyon.

 Hanyar gudana da siffofi 
Havasu Creek ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a cikin Kogin Colorado a cikin Grand Canyon National Park .  Rashin ruwa na Havasu Creek yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 3,000 (7,800 ). Ya haɗa da garin Williams, Arizona, da ƙauyen Grand Canyon.

Havasu Creek ya fara sama da bangon canyon a matsayin karamin dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama. Wannan ruwa yana kan filayen da ke sama da canyon na kimanin kilomita 50 (kilomita 80) har sai ya shiga Cataract Canyon (wanda aka fi sani da Havasu Canyon). Daga nan sai ya kai Havasu Springs, inda wani tushe na karkashin kasa ke ciyar da rafin. Ana iya samun damar wannan maɓuɓɓugar ta hanyar tafiya sama lokacin da aka fara haɗuwa da rafin. Yawan zafin ruwa ya bambanta daga ƙananan shekaru saba'in a lokacin rabin shekara mai zafi, zuwa tsakiyar shekaru hamsin a cikin hunturu.   An san kogin sosai da launin shudi-kore da kuma tsarin travertine na musamman. Wannan ya faru ne saboda adadi mai yawa na calcium carbonate a cikin ruwa wanda ya samar da dutse mai laushi wanda ke layi da rafin kuma yana nuna launi sosai. Wannan kuma yana ba da rafin wani abu mai ban sha'awa, saboda yana canzawa koyaushe. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda duk wani abu da ya fada cikin rafin ya zama ma'adinai da sauri, yana haifar da sababbin tsari da canza kwararar ruwa. Wannan ya sa rafin bai taɓa kama da haka ba daga shekara ɗaya zuwa wani. Kogin yana gudana ta ƙauyen Supai, kuma a ƙarshe yana gudana cikin Kogin Colorado.

 Ruwan ruwa 

 Ruwan Navajo 
Har zuwa ambaliyar ruwa ta watan Agusta na shekara ta 2008, Navajo Falls ita ce ta farko da ta fi dacewa a cikin canyon. An sanya musu suna ne bayan wani tsohon shugaban Supai. Tana da nisan kilomita 1.25 (2  daga Supai kuma ana samun damar daga hanyar da ke gefen hagu (gefen dama lokacin da ake tafiya sama) na babban hanyar. Wannan hanyar gefen tana kaiwa ga rafin, inda akwai gada mai laushi da ke haye rafin. Hanyar ta dawo cikin bishiyoyi, inda babban tafkin da faduwar suka kasance. Wannan tafkin ya shahara ne saboda ɓoyewa da sauƙin yin iyo. Ruwan ya kasance kusan   tsawo kuma ya kunshi nau'ikan ruwa daban-daban, babban wanda ke gefen dama inda ruwa ya rushe dutsen canyon. A gefen hagu na babban bututun akwai wasu ƙananan waɗanda suka fi tsayi kuma sun fi tsaye. Akwai wasu wurare da za su iya yin tsalle daga dutse, kodayake ya zama dole a yi taka tsantsan.

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, ambaliyar ruwa ta wuce Navajo Falls gaba daya. A cewar The New York Times:

Duk da wannan rahoto na farko, shafin yanar gizon har yanzu yana nan; yaduwar laka kawai ta sake hanyar Havasu Creek.Havasupai Falls net: Navajo Falls

 Faduwar ƙafa hamsin 
Wannan faduwar ruwa, wanda kuma ake kira Upper Navajo Falls, ya zama sananne a cikin ambaliyar ruwa ta 2008 da ta wuce Navajo Falls. Ruwan yana da kimanin mita 50 (15  tsayi kuma ya fada cikin tafkin dutse.

Asalin da aka sani da Supai Falls, wannan faduwar ruwa ta kasance mafi yawan faduwar da ba ta da kwanciyar hankali a Havasu Canyon tun 1885, ta ɓace kuma ta sake bayyana sau da yawa. Kwanan nan sake bayyana ne a cikin 1970.

 Ƙananan Ruwan Navajo 
Wannan faduwar ruwa, wanda kuma ake kira Rock Falls, ambaliyar ruwa ta 2008 ce ta kirkireshi, kimanin kilomita 0.15 (240  a ƙasa da Fiftyfoot Falls. Kogin ya faɗi kusan ƙafa 30 (10  a cikin rami.Havasupai Falls net: Lower Navajo Falls

 Havasu Falls 
Havasu Falls (Havasupai: Havasuw Hagjahgeevma ) ita ce ta uku a cikin kwarin. Tana a 36°15′18′′N 112°41′52′′W / 36.25500°N 112.69778°W / 36.45500; -112.69778. (   daga Supai) kuma ana samun damar daga hanya a gefen dama (gefen hagu lokacin da ake tafiya sama) na babban hanyar. Hanyar gefen tana kaiwa a kan karamin tudu kuma tana sauka cikin babban tafkin. Havasu shine mafi shahara kuma mafi yawan ziyarta daga dukkan faduwar. Ruwan ya kunshi babban bututun da ke faɗuwa a kan dutsen tsaye mai tsayi 100 (  (saboda babban ma'adinai na ruwa, faduwar suna canzawa koyaushe kuma wani lokacin suna fashewa cikin magudanar ruwa guda biyu) a cikin babban tafki.

An san faduwar ne saboda tafkunan su na halitta, waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar ma'adinai, kodayake yawancin waɗannan tafkunan sun lalace kuma / ko sun lalace a farkon shekarun 1990 ta hanyar manyan ambaliyar ruwa da ta wanke yankin. An gina wani karamin madatsar ruwa da mutum ya yi don taimakawa wajen dawo da tafkuna da kuma adana abin da ya rage. Akwai teburin biki da yawa a gefen kogin kuma yana da sauƙin ƙetare ta hanyar bin gefen tafkuna. Yana yiwuwa a yi iyo a bayan faduwar kuma a shiga wani karamin dutse a bayansa.

Kafin ambaliyar 1910, ana kiran faduwar "Bridal Veil Falls" saboda sun fadi daga dukkan faɗin tsaunuka masu bushewa a arewa da kudu na faduwar yanzu.

 Mooney Falls 
Mooney Falls ita ce babbar ruwa ta huɗu a cikin canyon. An sanya masa suna ne bayan D. W. "James" Mooney, mai hakar ma'adinai, wanda a cikin 1882 - a cewar sahabbansa - ya yanke shawarar hakar ma a yankin kusa da Havasu Falls don ma'adanai. Kungiyar ta yanke shawarar gwada Mooney Falls. Ɗaya daga cikin sahabbansa ya ji rauni, don haka James Mooney ya yanke shawarar ƙoƙarin hawa faduwar tare da abokinsa da aka ɗaure a bayansa, kuma daga baya ya fadi ya mutu. Falls suna da nisan kilomita 2.25 (3.6) daga Supai, bayan sansanin. Hanyar tana kaiwa saman faduwar, inda akwai wurin kallo / hoto wanda ke kallon bangon canyon mai mita 210 (64  wanda faduwar ruwa ta fadi. Don samun damar zuwa kasan faduwar da tafkinsa, ana buƙatar saukowa mai tsayi da haɗari. Ana buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai don ɓangaren da ke biyowa; an fallasa shi sosai kuma bai kamata a gwada shi ba lokacin da yanayin da / ko yanayin bai dace ba.

Hanyar da ke ƙasa tana gefen hagu (yana kallon ƙasa), sama da bangon canyon. Rabin farko na hanyar yana da matsakaici kawai har sai an kai ƙofar ƙaramin hanyar / kogo. A wannan lokacin hanyar ta zama da wahala sosai kuma tana da haɗari sosai. Ƙananan hanyar tana da girma sosai ga matsakaicin ɗan adam, kuma tana kaiwa ga ƙaramin buɗewa inda aka shiga wani hanyar. A ƙarshen hanyar ta biyu hanyar ta zama hawan dutse mai tsayi wanda yayi kama da saukowa da tsani. Sandan da aka sanya da dabarun, hannaye, da tsani suna taimakawa wajen hawa.

Rashin hazo daga faduwar sau da yawa yana sa dutsen ya zame, kuma hawa yana da wahala saboda dole ne ya wuce mutane da ke tafiya a wata hanya. Tafkin shine mafi girma daga cikin uku, kuma wasu mutane suna tsalle daga ƙananan dutsen zuwa cikin tafkin. Yana yiwuwa ga masu iyo masu ƙarfi su yi iyo zuwa hagu na faduwar zuwa bango na dutse sannan zuwa wani karamin kogo wanda ke sama da layin ruwa, kimanin mita 15-20 (5 zuwa 6) daga faduwar. Wani tsibiri ya raba tafkin zuwa rafi biyu.

 Beaver Falls 

Beaver Falls shine karo na biyar na faduwa, kodayake mutane da yawa suna da'awar cewa ba faduwar ruwa ba ce, amma kawai saitin ƙananan faduwa da ke kusa da juna. Ruwan yana da kusan kilomita 6 (10  daga Supai, kuma sune mafi wuya a samu. Bayan saukowa zuwa Mooney Falls, hanyar da ake gani tana kaiwa ƙasa.

Kimanin kilomita 0.25 (400  ƙasa, wani karamin rafi yana ciyarwa cikin rafin, a gefen dutsen, yadda ya kamata ya samar da wurin wanka. Hanyar tana kaiwa dama zuwa ga rafin, sannan komawa zuwa Mooney Falls don isa ga wannan karamin ruwa.

Na gaba 3-4 mi (5-6  suna da nisa kuma suna da tsayi. Hanyar ba koyaushe take da sauƙin bi ba kuma tana buƙatar ƙetare kogin da yawa. A wani lokaci, bayan babban itacen dabino, wanda ba a san shi ba, an sanya igiya don hawa bango na dutse don ci gaba da ratsa hanyar zuwa cikin canyon. Wannan yanzu an maye gurbinsa da tsani mai sauƙin tafiya.

Da ke ƙasa, dutse mai laushi / slide yana ba da damar zuwa Beaver Falls. Sauƙin samun dama yana ci gaba, kafin hanyar ta juya arewa don ci gaba da gangaren. Rarraba kogin sun doke hanyar zuwa gefen inda suke tsalle. Juyawa sama daga nan, yana yiwuwa a hankali a kai ga gado na rafi kuma a bi shi zuwa sama zuwa faduwar. Ruwa a nan ƙananan ne, amma har yanzu suna ba da kyau ga yin iyo.

Beaver Falls ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai. Yana da tsawo na kimanin ƙafa hamsin a cikin faduwa ɗaya, a mahaɗar Beaver Canyon da Havasu Canyon. Babban ambaliyar ruwa na Janairu 1910 ya lalata shi, ya bar faduwar a kan dutsen dutse kamar yadda suke a yau. Rotted cottonwood logs kusa da da sama junction nuna yadda high ruwa tashi a lokacin wannan ambaliyar.

 Sauran magudanan ruwa 
Ambaliyar ruwa tana canza bayyanar wasu magudanan ruwa kuma tana sa wasu su bayyana kuma su ɓace. Navajo Falls (sama) yana daya daga cikin irin wannan misali.

 Haɗuwa 
Kogin yana gudana zuwa Kogin Colorado daga Beaver Falls . Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don isa kogin, gami da komawa kan bututun ruwa zuwa hanyar da ci gaba da sauka. Tafiyar kilomita 3 (kilomita 5) tana da tsawo, tana da wahala,  tana da tsauri, kuma tana ba da shawara ne kawai ga masu hawan dutse. Kogin ya ƙare a wurin haɗuwa, inda akwai wasu wuraren sansani. Wannan wuri kuma sananne ne ga masu tsalle-tsalle na kogi don tsayawa da kuma kaiwa kan canyon.

 Ambaliyar ruwa 
Ambaliyar ruwa ta zama ruwan dare tare da Havasu Creek. Wani rahoto na gwamnati ya lissafa "ambaliyar ruwa ta tarihi" 14 daga 1899 zuwa 1993. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ambaliyar ta faru a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2008, lokacin da madatsar ruwan Redlands a kan Havasu Creek ta fashe bayan kwanaki na ruwan sama mai yawa. Barazanar ambaliyar ruwa ga rayuwar ɗan adam ta sa hukumomin yankin su kwashe ƙauyen. Ma'aikatan ceto sun kai kimanin mutane 400 zuwa aminci. An wuce Navajo Falls a cikin ambaliyar, Fiftyfoot Falls ya zama sananne, kuma an kafa Lower Navajo Falls.  

 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo 

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