Donetsk

Yuzivka (Hughesovka), Stalin, da Stalino, birni ne na masana'antu a gabashin Ukraine da ke kan kogin Kalmius a yankin Donetsk, wanda a halin yanzu Rasha ke mamaye da shi a matsayin babban birnin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk. An kiyasta yawan jama'a a 901,645 (kididdigar 2022) a cikin babban birni, tare da sama da miliyan 2 a cikin babban birni (2011). Bisa ga kidayar jama'a a shekara ta 2001, Donetsk ita ce birni na biyar mafi girma a Ukraine.A tsarin mulki, Donetsk ta kasance cibiyar yankin Donetsk, yayin da a tarihi, ita ce babban birnin da ba na hukuma ba kuma birni mafi girma na yankin Donets Basin (Donbas) mafi girma na tattalin arziki da al'adu. Donetsk yana kusa da wani babban birni, Makiivka, kuma tare da sauran garuruwan da ke kewaye da su sun zama babban balaguron birni da kewaye a yankin. Donetsk ya kasance babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki, masana'antu da kimiyya na Ukraine tare da babban taro na masana'antu masu nauyi da ƙwararrun ma'aikata. Yawaitar manyan masana'antu (mafi rinjayen samar da karfe, masana'antar sinadarai, da hakar ma'adinan kwal) sun kaddara yanayin kalubalen da ke cikin birnin. A cikin 2012, rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya sanya Donetsk a cikin biranen da suka fi saurin raguwar jama'a a duniya.Asalin mazaunin kudancin yankin Turai na daular Rasha an fara ambaton Aleksandrovka a cikin 1779, lokacin mulkin Empress Catherine the Great. A cikin 1869, dan kasuwa na Welsh John Hughes ya kafa masana'antar karfe da ma'adinan kwal da yawa a yankin, kuma ana kiran garin Hughesovka ko Yuzovka  don sanin rawar da ya taka ("Yuz" kasancewar harshen Rashanci na Hughes). A zamanin Soviet, masana'antar karafa ta birni ta fadada. A 1924, Yuzovka aka sake masa suna Stalin. A 1929, Stalin aka sake masa suna Stalino, kuma a 1932, birnin ya zama cibiyar na Donetsk yankin. An sake masa suna Donetsk a 1961, birnin a yau ya kasance cibiyar hakar kwal da masana'antar karafa. Tun a watan Afrilun 2014, Donetsk da yankunanta na daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da ake gwabza fada a yakin Rasha da Ukraine, yayin da dakarun 'yan aware masu goyon bayan Rasha ke fafatawa da dakarun sojin Ukraine domin mamaye birnin da yankunan da ke kewaye. A duk tsawon yakin, dakarun 'yan aware masu goyon bayan Rasha ne ke gudanar da birnin Donetsk a matsayin cibiyar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk (DPR), tare da yankunan da ke kusa da yankin Donetsk sun rabu tsakanin bangarorin biyu. Filin jirgin saman Donetsk ya zama cibiyar yaki a cikin 2014 tare da yaki kusan shekara guda. Tun daga Oktoba 2022, Rasha tana da cikakken ikon birnin, tare da sojojin Ukraine da na Rasha har yanzu suna fafatawa a kusa da birnin.
manazarta
https://web.archive.org/web/20200203233626/https://www.lexico.com/definition/donetsk
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster
https://web.archive.org/web/20060109012020/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/