Te Ua Haumēne

Te Ua Haumēne ya kasance shugaban addinin Māori na New Zealand a cikin shekarun 1860. Ya kafa ƙungiyar Pai Mārire, wacce ta zama mai ƙiyayya kuma ta shiga cikin rikice-rikicen soja da gwamnatin New Zealand a lokacin Yaƙin Taranaki na Biyu da Yakin Gabashin Cape .

 Rayuwa ta farko 
An haife shi a Waiaua, Kudancin Taranaki, a farkon shekarun 1820, Te Ua na cikin Taranaki iwi (ƙabilar). Mahaifinsa Tūtawake ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar ɗansa kuma an kama Te Ua, tare da mahaifiyarsa Paihaka, a lokacin wani hari na shekarar 1826 da Waikato iwi ya shirya. A matsayin bayi, masu kama su sun kai su Kawhia. Akwai kasancewar Kirista a yankin, kuma an koya wa Te Ua karatu da rubutu kuma ya yi nazarin Sabon Alkawari. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan John Whiteley, mai wa'azi na Wesleyan, ya kafa tashar mishan a Kāwhia, an yi wa Te Ua baftisma a matsayin Horopāpera, fassarar sunan Zirubababel. An kuma san shi da Horopāpera Tūwhakaroro a wannan lokacin.

Te Ua ya koma Taranaki a 1840, ya shiga aikin Wesleyan a Waimate . A cikin shekarun 1850 ya kasance mai goyon bayan Kīngitanga (Māori King Movement) kuma ya shiga cikin yunkurin sayar da ƙasa, yana nuna rashin amincewa da mallakar ƙasar Māori a cikin Taranaki. Ya yi yaƙi da gwamnati a Yaƙin Taranaki na farko, yana aiki a matsayin malamin mayaƙan Māori.

 Tushen Pai Mārire 
A shekara ta 1861, Te Ua Runa kula da wani rūnanga (majalisa) a Matakaha, wanda aka ba shi aikin kare iyakar ƙasar a ƙarƙashin yankin Tāwhiao, Sarkin Māori. Kashewa a ranar 1 ga Satumban shekarar 1862 na jirgin ruwa na Lord Worsley a Te Namu, wanda shine ƙasar Kingite, an dauke shi a matsayin laifi, aikin da ya ba da izinin mutuwa. Te Ua yana son a dawo da kayayyakin daga jirgin zuwa New Plymouth. Maimakon haka, an sace su. Da yake damuwa da tashin hankali tsakanin aiwatar da dokar Kingite da tallafawa ƙaunar Kirista, Te Ua ya Sarki wahayi bayan 'yan kwanaki. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa babban mala'ika Jibra'ilu ya yi shelar kwanakin ƙarshe kamar yadda aka annabta a Littafin Ru'ya ta Yohanna kuma an zaba shi, Te Ua, a matsayin annabin Allah. An umarce shi da ya hambarar da ikon masu mulkin mallaka don mutanen Māori su iya dawo da hakkinsu na ƙasar.

Te Ua ya fara kafa coci da rubuta addu'o'i da koyarwar bangaskiyarsa, wanda ya kira Pai Mārire kuma ya ɗauki Kiristanci ba tare da koyarwar masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje ba. Wani muhimmin bangare shi ne pai Marire (alheri da zaman lafiya) kuma yawancin koyarwarsa sun samo asali ne daga misalai na Yesu. Ya kira cocinsa hau, don girmama hau (iska) dauke da niu (labaran labarai) ga mabiyansa. Wani muhimmin al'ada shine ƙirƙirar sanduna da aka ɗaure da igiyoyi da tutoci, wanda yayin da suke fashewa cikin iska, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da saƙonni. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kammala abin da ya kira Ua Rongopai (bisharar Ua), littafi na addu'o'insa da bishara. Shi da kansa ya ɗauki sunan Haumēne (Windman). 

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 Rikici 
Hauhau ya shiga rikici da gwamnati a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1864, lokacin da mabiyan Te Ua suka yi kwanton bauna kuma suka kashe sojoji da yawa a Ahuahu, a Taranaki. An yanke kawunan gawarwakin kuma Te Ua ya mallaki kawunan, wanda aka adana, yana la'akari da su alama ce ta nasarar nagarta akan mugunta. Daga baya mabiyan Pai Mārire suka ɗauki shugabannin a duk faɗin ƙasar yayin da suke yada bisharar Te Ua. Jerin rikice-rikice tsakanin mabiyan Hauhau, karkashin jagorancin manyan mambobin addinin Te Ua, da sojojin gwamnati sun biyo baya. Wadannan sun haifar da cin nasara, wanda Te Ua ya sanya wa mabiyansa ba tare da bin umarninsa ba.  Binney, Judith. "Te Ua Haumēne – Pai Mārire and Hauhau". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry of Culture & Heritage. Retrieved 22 May 2021.

A halin yanzu, Te Ua, wanda ke zaune a Pākaraka, kusa da Kogin Waitōtara, ya ba da shawara don zaman lafiya kuma ya nemi sulhu, yana rubutu tare da jami'an gwamnati da masu mulkin mallaka. Sarkin Māori ya zama mai bin Te Ua, kuma ya ziyarce shi. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarin tashin hankali tare da gwamnati, wanda ƙungiyar Kīngitanga ta yi barazana. Wani batun kuma shine tashin hankali tsakanin iwi yayin da Pai Mārire ya fadada; wasu sun ga shi a matsayin barazana ga 'yancin kansu a cikin Māoridom. Gwamnati ta goyi bayan waɗancan ƙungiyoyin da ke adawa da Pai Mārire . 

A ƙarshen shekara, an aika babban shugaban Hauhau, Kereopa Te Rau zuwa Gabashin Cape don samun goyon baya ga Pai Mārire daga cikin Ngāti Porou iwi na Tūranga. Koyaya, ya yi watsi da umarninsa na ci gaba cikin salama, Kereopa a maimakon haka ya yi fushi da a dauki mataki a kan masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje yayin da yake tafiya a fadin Tsibirin Arewa. Wannan ya ƙare a kisan Reverend Carl Völkner, mai goyon bayan gwamnati, a Ōpōtiki a ranar 2 ga Maris 1865. Wannan ya haifar da fushi mai yawa tsakanin masu mulkin mallaka kuma bayan wannan taron, Hauhau ya zama kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana duk wani Māori mai adawa da gwamnati. Ngāti Porou, wanda ya haɗa kai da gwamnati, ya aika da sojoji don yaƙi da mabiyan Hauhau masu tayar da kayar baya a yankin. Wannan ya haifar da rikici wanda ya ci gaba, har zuwa 1872.

Te Ua ya fahimci cewa rikici da gwamnati ba zai iya ci gaba ba kuma ya fara tattaunawa da jami'ai don kawo karshen shi. Wadannan ba su yi nasara ba a fuskar yiwuwar fansa ta hanyar kwace ƙasa, wanda kawai ya karfafa ƙudurin tsayayya da gwamnati. Har ila yau, akwai barazanar gabatar da sojojin gwamnati a cikin Taranaki. A cikin wannan lokacin, Te Ua ya ci gaba da yin wa'azi, yana ba da shawara ga haƙƙin Māori don ƙasar da ba a sayar da ita ba tukuna. Addininsa ya ci gaba da fadada, yana samun mabiya kuma an tsarkake sabbin annabawa a ƙarshen shekara ta 1865. 

 Rayuwa ta baya 
A watan Fabrairun 1866 Te Ua ya mika wuya ga Manjo Janar Trevor Chute, yana jagorantar balaguron gwamnati zuwa Taranaki don manufar murkushe masu adawa da Māori a yankin. An tsare shi a gidan yari a Tsibirin Kawau, inda Gwamnan New Zealand, Sir George Grey, ke da gidansa. An kammala tsare shi a watan Yuni kuma an ba shi izinin komawa Taranaki, inda ya karfafa wa Māori na yankin su daina ayyukan adawa da gwamnati. Ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1866 a Ōeo . Dalilin mutuwar na iya zama tarin fuka.

 Kyauta 
Pai Mārire ya ci gaba da rinjayar ƙungiyar Kīngitana kuma Tāwhiao, wanda Te Ua ya yi masa baftisma a 1864, ya tabbatar da cewa an yada koyarwarsa a duk faɗin Ƙasar Sarki. Tītokowaru, shugaban yaki a Taranaki, wani ne wanda koyarwar Te Ua ta rinjayi shi, kuma ya haɗu da abubuwa na Pai Mārire cikin addininsa.Binney, Judith. "Te Ua Haumēne – Pai Mārire and Hauhau". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry of Culture & Heritage. Retrieved 22 May 2021.

 Bayani 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba