Kungiyar noma

A cikin wasanni, ƙungiyar gona, tsarin gona, ƙungiyar ciyarwa, kulab ɗin ciyarwa, ko kulab ɗin gandun daji gabaɗaya ƙungiya ce ko ƙungiyar da rawar da take takawa shine ba da gogewa da horarwa ga matasa 'yan wasa, tare da yarjejeniya cewa duk wani ɗan wasan da ya yi nasara zai iya ci gaba zuwa mafi girma. matakin a wani wuri da aka ba, yawanci a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da babban matakin iyaye. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan tsarin ta hanyoyi da yawa, na yau da kullun da kuma na yau da kullun. Ba za a ruɗe shi da ƙungiyar motsa jiki ba, wanda ke cika irin wannan manufar haɓakawa amma 'yan wasan da ke cikin rukunin 'yan wasan 'yan ƙungiyar iyaye ne.

 Ƙungiyoyin noma da aka kwangila 

 Kwallon Baseball 
A cikin Amurka da Kanada, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun  suna aiki tare da manyan takwarorinsu na gasar. Kodayake yawancin irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin mallakar sirri ne don haka suna iya canza alaƙa, waɗannan ƴan wasan da ke ƙarƙashin kwangilar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Major League suna ƙarƙashin ikon su na musamman, kuma za su ƙaura zuwa sabuwar ƙungiyar ta MLB. Ba duk 'yan wasan da ke cikin ƙaramin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ke ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da ƙungiyar MLB ba; duk da haka, kulab ɗin iyaye yana da keɓantaccen haƙƙi don "siyan" kwantiragin ɗan wasan da ba kwantiragi ba a ƙungiyarsa.

Ƙungiyoyin ƙananan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi yawanci suna dogara ne a cikin ƙananan garuruwa (ko da yake New York Mets suna da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a zahiri a wani wuri a cikin New York City), da kuma 'yan wasan da aka yi musu kwangila, sabanin manyan' yan wasan lig da aka aika zuwa ga. wannan matakin don gyarawa ko wasu ayyukan haɓaka ƙwararru, yawanci ana biyan su ƙasa da takwarorinsu na Manyan League.

Yawancin manyan ƴan wasan lig suna fara aikinsu ta hanyar haɓaka tsarin ƙaramar gasar, daga mafi ƙasƙanci (rookie) zuwa mafi girman (AAA), tare da keɓancewar da ba kasafai ake samun su ba yawanci waɗancan 'yan wasan ne da aka sanya hannu daga Baseball na Nippon Professional Baseball. Tun lokacin da aka kawar da Dokar Bonus, ƙananan ƙwararrun 'yan wasa ne kawai suka shiga cikin MLB, ciki har da John Olerud, Jim Abbott, da Dave Winfield. Tsarin ɗan wasa yana aiki da hanyarsa ta cikin ƙananan gasa ana kiransa da yawancin ƙungiyoyin MLB a matsayin "ci gaban ɗan wasa". Koyaya, ana kiran ƙananan ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa a kai a kai a matsayin "ƙungiyoyin gonaki" kuma rashin sa'ar babban ɗan wasan na mayar da shi ga ƙananan yara wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi da "noma".

Tsarin gona kamar yadda aka gane a yau an ƙirƙira shi ne ta Reshe Rickey, wanda - a matsayin manajan filin, babban manaja, da shugaban kulob - ya taimaka wajen gina daular St. Louis Cardinals a lokacin 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Lokacin da Rickey ya shiga ƙungiyar a cikin 1917, ƴan wasa yawanci manyan ƙungiyoyin lig suna siyan ƴan wasa daga masu zaman kansu, manyan ƙananan ƙungiyoyin lig.

Rickey, babban alkali mai hazaka, ya yi takaici lokacin da aka ba da 'yan wasa a matakin A da AA da ya amince ya saya don neman tayin da kungiyoyin masu zaman kansu suka sayar ga abokan hamayya. Tare da goyon bayan mai Cardinal Sam Breadon, Rickey ya tsara wani tsari wanda St. Louis zai saya da sarrafa nasa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi daga Class D zuwa Class AA (mafi girman matakin a lokacin), don haka ya ba su damar haɓaka ko rage 'yan wasa kamar yadda ya kamata. sun ci gaba, kuma suka "girma" nasu basira.

Bututun gwaninta ya fara ne a sansanonin gwaji da St. Louis scouts suka gudanar a ko'ina cikin Amurka "Daga yawa ya zo da inganci," Rickey sau ɗaya ya lura, kuma, a cikin shekarun 1930, tare da ƙungiyoyin gonaki na 40 da ke da alaƙa ko kuma masu alaƙa, Cardinals suna sarrafa makomar gaba. daruruwan 'yan wasa a kowace shekara. (Shafin ajiyar sai ya ɗaure 'yan wasa zuwa ƙungiyoyin su har abada.)

Cardinal din sun sami nasara a gasar League League guda tara da gasar zakarun duniya guda shida tsakanin shekarata 1926 zuwa 1946, suna tabbatar da ingancin tsarin tsarin gona. Tabbas, kulob na biyu da ya rungumi irin wannan tsarin, New York Yankees, sun yi amfani da shi don dorewar daularsu tun daga tsakiyar 1930s zuwa tsakiyar 1960s. Lokacin da Rickey ya koma Brooklyn Dodgers a matsayin shugaban kasa da kuma babban manaja a 1943, ya gina tsarin noma mai nasara sosai a can da kuma bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu. Ƙungiyoyin da suka yi watsi da tsarin noma a cikin 1930s da farkon 1940s (irin su Philadelphia A's da Phillies da kuma Sanatocin Washington) sun sami kansu a cikin mawuyacin lokaci.

Kasancewar ƙananan tsarin gasar yana faruwa ne saboda ikon MLB na haɗa wani juzu'in ajiya a cikin kwangilolinsa da ƙananan ƴan wasa, wanda ke baiwa ƙungiyar manyan lig ɗin haƙƙin keɓantaccen ɗan wasa koda bayan kwantiragin ya ƙare. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli na 1922, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Tarayya v. National League, an ba da wasan ƙwallon baseball kariya ta musamman daga dokokin hana amana. Duk da zuwan hukumar kyauta a cikin 1976, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suyi hasashen faduwar tsarin gona, har yanzu ya kasance mai ƙarfi na dabarun wasan ƙwallon kwando. Ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙaramar gasar na yanzu (tun bayan sake tsarawa na ƙarshe a cikin 2021), kowane ɗayan manyan ƙungiyoyin lig ɗin talatin suna da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi huɗu masu alaƙa.

 Hockey na kankara 
Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Hockey na Ƙasa suma suna da ƙungiyoyin gonakinsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Hockey ta Amurka (AHL). Misali, Cleveland Monsters sune ƙungiyar gona don Columbus Blue Jaket. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyin NHL suna da alaƙa a cikin ECHL, kodayake sharuɗɗan CBA na baya-bayan nan (wanda ya ƙare a cikin 2012) [yana buƙatar sabuntawa] ya hana 'yan wasan ECHL kiran su zuwa NHL ko tura su zuwa waccan gasar ba tare da an sanya su cikin AHL ba da farko. ; Don haka, ƙungiyoyin ECHL suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyar gonakin abokin tarayya na NHL a cikin AHL. Ko da yake wasu takardun hannun jari na NHL sun mallaki abokan haɗin gwiwarsu na AHL da/ko ECHL, yawancin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar mallakar AHL da ECHL, tare da alaƙa da ikon mallakar NHL ta hanyar kwangilar haɗin gwiwa.

Ba kamar wasan ƙwallon baseball ba, ba duk ƴan wasan da ke cikin jerin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin lig ɗin ƙungiyar NHL ce ta mallaka ba. Tsarin AHL ya gane nau'o'in kwangila guda biyu: kwangilar hanyoyi biyu (yawanci mafi yawan al'amuran NHL), wanda za'a iya aika 'yan wasa baya da baya tsakanin NHL da AHL a lokacin da suke so, da kuma kwangilar kwangila, wanda ke ɗaure mai kunnawa. ku AHL. Ƙungiyoyin NHL suna da haƙƙin yin shawarwari ga 'yan wasan AHL akan jerin sunayen kungiyoyin gonakinsu kuma suna iya haɓaka dan wasa zuwa kwangilar hanyoyi biyu idan suna so. Hakanan za'a iya saukar da 'yan wasa zuwa AHL ta tsarin waivers; idan wata kungiya ba ta da'awar dan wasa lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan hakki, ba a sanya shi a kulob din AHL na kungiyarsa ta baya.

 Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa 

 Ƙungiyoyin ciyarwa na ciki 
A yawancin kulake, za a sami ƙungiyoyin ciyar da abinci na ciki. Waɗannan ƙila su kasance ƙungiyoyin da aka iyakance shekaru, kamar ƙungiyar 'ƙasa da 18', ko kuma "Ƙungiyar". Misali, a wasan kwallon kafa na kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kungiyoyin kasa kuma suna gudanar da kungiyoyin matasa—duba kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ingila ‘yan kasa da shekara 21, misali.

A cikin Amurka, wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Major League a baya suna da ƙungiyoyin ajiya a cikin MLS Reserve League. Daga baya, ana buƙatar duk ƙungiyoyin da sunan suna don fitar da ƙungiyar ajiya ko wata alaƙa a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta United Soccer League - ko dai Gasar USL, wacce ta mamaye matakin na biyu na tsarin ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka, ko USL League One, ɗaya. na wasanni biyu da suka raba matsayi na uku. Ba a taɓa aiwatar da wannan buƙatu sosai ba. A cikin 2022, MLS za ta sake buɗe gasar ajiyar ta a matsayin MLS Next Pro, wanda ya mamaye matakin na uku tare da USL League One da Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa. Lokacin Pro na Farko na gaba zai ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 21, duk banda ɗaya daga cikinsu akwai ƙungiyoyin ajiya na MLS, tare da an cire yawancin su daga tsarin USL kafin kafa sabuwar gasar. Duk sauran bangarorin ajiyar MLS za a cire su daga tsarin USL bayan kakar 2022 don shiga Pro na gaba.[yana buƙatar sabuntawa]

A yawancin wasanni, waɗannan ƙungiyoyin masu ciyar da abinci za su fafata a wasannin nasu, kodayake a wasu lokuta suna fafatawa da wasu “cikakkun ƙungiyoyi” a matakin ƙasa.

A wasu ƙasashe, kamar New Zealand, ana shirya manyan ƙungiyoyi azaman ikon mallakar yanki, kuma ƙungiyoyin kulab ɗin cikin waɗannan yankuna sun zama kulab ɗin ciyarwa ta atomatik ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin yanki.

 Yarjejeniyar cikin gida da ta kan iyaka 
Haka kuma ya zama ruwan dare kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kulla yarjejeniya da wasu kungiyoyin da tun farko ba su da alaka da su. Haɗin kulob na ciyarwa/iyaye zai iya samun ayyuka da yawa, kuma yana da fa'ida sosai ga mai ciyarwa da kulab ɗin iyaye. Ga manyan kulake, an saba shirya yarjejeniya tare da ƙananan kulake a yankin. Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi za su iya ba da babbar ƙungiya (kulob din iyaye) tare da matasa masu basira, kuma uwar kulob din yana da damar da za su aika da matasan 'yan wasan su a matsayin aro ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ("don noma").

Baya ga haɗin kai na cikin gida, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ga ƙungiyoyi su sami kulake na ciyarwa a wasu yankuna na ƙasar ko a wasu ƙasashe, don samun ƙarin ilimi. Shahararrun kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na nahiyar turai suna yawan kulla yarjejeniya da wasu kungiyoyin saboda wannan dalili. AFC Ajax na da alaka alal misali da kungiyar Ajax Cape Town na Afirka ta Kudu, Manchester United na da alaka da kungiyar Wollongong Wolves ta Australia da ta Belgium Royal Antwerp, sai kuma FBK Kaunas na Lithuania sun ba da aro da yawa daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan su ga 'yan kasar Scotland. kungiyar iyaye Heart of Midlothian a cikin bege na kulla yarjejeniya a wani babban kulob a nan gaba. Samun kulob na ciyar da abinci a kasashe masu arziki, inda kwallon kafa ke kara samun suna a hankali, shi ma yana da fa'ida sosai. Kasashe irin su Amurka, Kanada, Japan, China da Koriya ta Kudu misali ne masu kyau. A madadin haka, wasu kungiyoyi a cikin Tarayyar Turai sun yi amfani da kungiyoyin ciyar da abinci don siyan 'yan wasan da ba EU ba sannan su ba da izinin zama a cikin wata ƙasa ta EU, don shawo kan ka'idodin biza, misali ƙungiyar Ingila Liverpool F.C. yana da yarjejeniya da KRC Genk na Belgium.

 Ƙungiyoyin gona mallakar ƙungiyar 

 Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka 
Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa ita ce daya tilo daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni hudu na kwararru a Arewacin Amurka wadanda ba su da tsarin noma a halin yanzu. Kusan dukkanin 'yan wasan tata ne daga kungiyar jeri na kasa (NCAA), wanda ya hana biyan kuɗi, amma tun da 2021 kuma tare da suna, hoto, & sness (nil) bin Kotun Koli yanke shawara a NCAA v. Alston, yanzu an ƙyale ɗalibai su ci gajiyar sunansu, siffarsu, da kamannin su. Tsarin tallafin karatu yana ba wa ɗalibai-'yan wasa ilimin kwaleji kyauta, ɗaki da allo har zuwa shekaru biyar. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin kwallon kafa na kwaleji da kuma NFL ya samo asali ne sakamakon ci gaban wasan kwallon kafa na Amurka, wanda (ba kamar sauran wasanni ba, wadanda suka kasance masu zaman kansu na farko) a kolejoji da jami'o'i. Sakamakon haka, 'yan wasan da ke shiga tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa gabaɗaya sun girme shekaru da yawa kuma sun fi ƙarfin jiki fiye da ƙwararrun 'yan wasa na farko a wasu wasannin, don haka rage buƙatar tsarin gona..

A cikin 1930s, Chicago Bears da New York Giants sun mallaki ƙungiyoyi a cikin {ungiyar {ungiyar {asar Amirka, wanda ya zama k'ananan k'ananan k'ananan k'wallo na farko a k'wallon k'wallo, kuma daga baya yayi k'ok'arin tsara tsarin ci gaba ko tsarin noma tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon ƙafa, amma. Yarjejeniyar ta kasance kasa da shekaru biyu, kuma an kawo karshen ta a shekarar 1947.

A cikin 1960s da 1970s, ƙungiyoyin NFL da yawa sun sami yarjejeniyoyin zaman kansu tare da wasu wasannin kamar su Atlantic Coast Football League, Midwest Football League, North Pacific Football League, Professional Football League of America da Midwest Professional Football League, don amfani da ƙungiyoyin su a matsayin kungiyoyin gona. , ko da yake ba masu mallakar NFL ba ne, amma duk waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun ƙare bayan kakar 1972. Gasar ƙaramar hukuma ta kwanan nan, NFL Turai, ta bambanta da yawancin ƙungiyoyin gonaki a cikin cewa an haɗa dukkan masu yiwuwa kuma an watse a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Turai shida, maimakon a sanya ƙungiyoyin juna.

Yawancin 'yan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arena (a tsakanin sauran wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida na Amurka) daga baya sun ci gaba zuwa NFL - tare da 'yan wasa sama da 100 waɗanda suka taka leda a wasannin biyu, amma babu kwangilar noma tsakanin kowace ƙungiya, a wani ɓangare saboda Ƙungiyar 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa. yana adawa da ra'ayin tsarin gonakin da ke da alaƙa a kan dalilin cewa 'yan wasansa za su kasance cikin haɗarin raunin da ba dole ba. A tsakiyar 2000s, yawancin masu NFL aƙalla ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na fagen fama, kamar Jerry Jones (Dallas), Arthur Blank (Atlanta), Bud Adams (Tennessee), Tom Benson (New Orleans), da Pat. Bowlen (Denver), amma da wuya ba su taɓa haɓaka ko rage kowane ɗan wasa tsakanin AFL da NFL ba, saboda wani ɓangare na bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin jadawalin wasan da salon wasa tsakanin ƙwallon ƙafa na waje da na gida. A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1999, NFL kuma ta saya, amma ba ta taɓa yin motsa jiki ba, zaɓi don siyan babbar sha'awa ga AFL. Duk masu mallakar NFL sun goyi baya daga gasar lokacin da aka yi fatara, an sayar da su kuma an sake tsara su. Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arena tana da nata na wasan ci gaba wanda aka sani da af2 daga 2000 zuwa 2009.

A cikin 2020 cikin jiki na XFL, ƙungiyar ta kafa ƙayyadaddun tsari tsakanin ƙwararru da ƙungiyar gona, abin da ta yi wa lakabi da "Team 9" tana aiki tare da 'yancin kai iri ɗaya kamar sauran ƙungiyoyi takwas, tare da nasu jerin gwano da ma'aikatan horarwa, Team 9. ba zai buga wani wasanni na rikodin rikodi ba kuma zai zama tafki na ƙwararrun 'yan wasa don sauran ƙungiyoyi takwas da za su kira idan sun sami rauni. An yi amfani da irin wannan tsarin ta NFL Turai. A cikin 2023 cikin jiki sun sanya hannu kan haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan ɗan wasa tare da Indoor Football League (IFL), tare da IFL tana aiki azaman ƙaramin lig na XFL's de facto.

A Kanada, wasanni tsakanin jami'o'i bai taba samun irin wannan matakin ba idan aka kwatanta da Amurka, musamman saboda wasan hockey da ya fi shahara a kasar. A cikin wasan hockey, Ƙungiyoyin Hockey na Ƙasa a tarihi sun yi watsi da wasanni tsakanin kolejoji don goyon bayan sauran nau'ikan haɓakar ɗan wasa. Koyaya, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada ta kafa kanta a matsayin babbar gasar duk da tattara kaso daga cikin kudaden shiga da NFL ta umarta. Don ɗaukar 'yan wasa masu ƙwarewa, da League zuwa babban abin dogaro kan tsare dokokin da suke daidai da' yan wasan NCAA-horar da masu ba da izini ga CFL, yayin da suka sami nasara sosai bambance-bambance don tabbatar da cewa gasar ba ta cikin gasa tare da NFL don ainihin nau'in 'yan wasa iri ɗaya. Bugu da kari, don kiyaye kebantaccen asalin Kanada na gasar, gasar tana aiwatar da takamaiman adadin 'yan wasan Kanada waɗanda dole ne su kasance cikin jerin sunayen duk ƙungiyoyin CFL.

 Kwallon kwando 
A al'adance, NBA ba ta da gasar noman gona ta yau da kullun, kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Nahiyar ta yi aiki a matsayin gasar ciyar da NBA a kai da kashe ta hanyar wanzuwarta. Ya dogara ne akan manyan NCAA don samar da 'yan wasan NBA, don haka ana kiran na karshen da sunan "masu ciyar da abinci". Tun daga 2001, NBA ta mallaki gabaɗayan gasar gona kai tsaye: NBA G League (tsohon NBA D-League). Kungiyar NBA G ta fara ne da kungiyoyi takwas a cikin kaka na 2001. A cikin Maris 2005, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya sanar da wani shiri na fadada gasar zuwa kungiyoyi goma sha biyar da kuma bunkasa shi a cikin tsarin noma na gaskiya na gaskiya, tare da kowace kungiya tana da alaƙa da ɗaya ko ɗaya. karin kungiyoyin NBA. Kodayake an gudanar da tsarin na 'yan shekaru, yawancin rookies a cikin NBA har yanzu an tsara su daga NCAA. A ƙarshen lokacin 2008-09 NBA, kashi 20 na 'yan wasan NBA sun shafe lokaci a gasar NBA D-League. A ƙarshen kakar 2016-17, 44% na 'yan wasa a cikin 2017 NBA playoffs suna da ɗan gogewa a cikin D-League. Kungiyar ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Gatorade a cikin 2017 don zama NBA G League.

 Ƙungiyoyin masu zaman kansu 
Wasu wasanni suna ba da izinin aiki na ƙungiyoyin ciyarwa masu zaman kansu. A cikin ƙwararrun kekuna, alal misali, ƙungiyoyin ciyarwa kamar Vendée U da Trek Livestrong, suna aiki azaman masu ciyar da Bouygues Télécom da Team RadioShack bi da bi, kuma suna gasa a matakan ƙasa da UCI ProTour. Yawancin ƙungiyoyin masu yin keke suna amfani da wannan tsari.

Irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin na iya zama ƙasa da ƙa'ida; a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila, alal misali, an haramta aikin ƙungiyar ciyar da abinci na waje. Koyaya, dangantaka ta yau da kullun na iya kasancewa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi don ba da damar raba manyan albarkatun kulake tare da ƙananan kulake, a madadin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin da ke ɗaukar matasa 'yan wasa aro. Wannan yana ba ƙungiyoyin biyu damar kiyaye keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu, kuma su fita daga tsarin idan ya cancanta. Irin wannan yarjejeniya ta wanzu tsakanin Preston North End da Holker Old Boys, misali [1]. A madadin, ƙungiyoyi na iya amfani da ƙungiyoyin da ke wasa a ƙasashen waje, musamman idan suna son bin ci gaban 'yan wasan da ba za su iya sanya hannu ba saboda ka'idojin izinin aiki. Da fatan za a duba Jerin ƙungiyoyin ciyarwa a ƙwallon ƙafa don cikakken jeri.

A cikin wasan ƙwallon kwando na Arewacin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suna wanzu a waje da ikon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa ko Major League Baseball kuma ba tare da wata yarjejeniya ta ci gaba ba, amma har yanzu yana iya kasancewa a matsayin wuraren da ba na yau da kullum don haɓakawa.ka.

 Gwagwarmayar ƙwararru 
Rashin kokawa yana amfani da tsarin gona wanda ya ba da damar kwarewar gwagwarmaya don haɓaka ƙwarewar su da samun ƙwarewar zobe a gaban masu sauraron yanki / ƙasa. Ana kiran waɗannan gabaɗaya "ƙungiyoyin gonaki" ko "yankunan ci gaba".

Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da WWE sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Duniya (1998); Power Pro Wrestling (1998-2000); Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Duniya (1999-2001); Memphis Championship Wrestling (2000–2001); Deep South Wrestling (2005-2007); Ƙungiyar kokawa ta Heartland (2001-2003), wanda kuma yanki ne na ci gaba don Kokawa ta Duniya; Kokawar Kwarin Ohio (2000-2008 don WWE; 2011-2013 da 2019-yanzu don Kokawa Tasiri); da Kokawa ta Florida (2007–2012).

A cikin 2012, WWE za ta sake buɗewa da sake fasalin NXT-jerin gasa na gaskiya wanda ke nuna gwanintar FCW da WWE "ribobi" ke ba da jagoranci - a matsayin alamar ci gaban cikin gida, tare da shirin sa na talabijin na mako-mako yana canzawa zuwa tsarin al'ada, kuma alamar kuma tana ɗaukar nauyi. al'amuran rayuwa daban-daban, da kuma haifar da reshen Burtaniya. A cikin wannan lokacin, NXT ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci don ingancin matches da labarun labarunsa, har zuwa lokacin da WWE ta fara inganta shi a matsayin alamar alama ta uku, kuma ta motsa jerin talabijin daga WWE Network zuwa Amurka Network don magance shirye-shirye. upstart All Elite Wrestling. Koyaya, a cikin 2021, WWE ta koma NXT zuwa wani dare na daban, kuma daga baya ya sake ƙaddamar da jerin da alama don komawa matsayin ci gaba..

 Tseren mota 
Ƙungiyoyin Formula One sau da yawa suna amfani da ƙwararrun direbobi daga ƙungiyoyi kamar gasar Formula Two na yanzu, tsohon GP2 da na Formula Two, inda mafi yawan zakarun Formula Two na yanzu sun kammala zuwa F1. Direbobi goma a kan grid na 2011 sun riga sun yi tsere a GP2

RB Formula One Team (kuma VCARB; tsohuwar Scuderia Toro Rosso, sannan Scuderia AlphaTauri) kuma yana aiki azaman ƙungiyar gona don Red Bull Racing. Dukansu mallakar kamfanin Red Bull ne na Austria, tare da VCARB na taimakawa wajen haɓaka motoci da direbobi don tseren Red Bull. Zakaran duniya sau hudu Sebastian Vettel ya tuka mota zuwa Toro Rosso daga 2007 zuwa 2008 kafin ya koma Red Bull a 2009, inda ya maye gurbin David Coulthard mai ritaya. Tun daga kakar 2014, kowane direban Red Bull ya kasance a cikin tawagar RB, ban da Sergio Perez.

 NASCAR 
NASCAR, babbar ƙungiyar tseren motoci ta hannun jari a Arewacin Amurka, tana da ɗimbin tsarin ci gaba na jerin abubuwan ci gaba, tare da matuƙar manufa ga direbobi kasancewar hawa a cikin babban matakin NASCAR Cup Series. Yawancin ƙungiyoyin gasar cin kofin suna da hannu a cikin aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin jerin jerin NASCAR guda biyu na ƙasa, ko dai masu tafiyar da motoci a cikin ƙaramin jerin ko kuma alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke gudana na musamman a cikin waɗannan jerin.

 Mataki na biyu na Xfinity Series shine babban filin tabbatar da yuwuwar direbobin Kofin, shugabannin ma'aikatan jirgin, injiniyoyi, da membobin jirgin ruwa. Yawancin tsere ana gudanar da su ne a karshen mako guda, kuma a waƙoƙi iri ɗaya, kamar yadda gasar cin kofin gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, da motocin Xfinity suka fi kama da motocin Kofin (ko da yake suna da wasu bambance-bambance, musamman injuna masu ƙarfi). 
 Jerin Masu Sana'a na Mataki na uku jerin tushen manyan motoci ne. Yawancin tsere ana gudanar da su tare da tseren Xfinity Series, tare da da yawa kuma suna hidima a matsayin abubuwan tallafi don tseren Gasar Cin Kofin. Ɗaliban direbobi ko injiniyoyi sun yi tsalle kai tsaye daga Jerin Motoci zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin; yawancin suna kashe aƙalla ɗan lokaci a cikin jerin Xfinity farko.

A ƙasa jerin ƙasa uku akwai jerin yanki da yawa. Ƙungiyoyin gasar cin kofin gabaɗaya ba sa shiga a waɗannan matakan, amma suna zazzage su don hazaka na gaba.

 Jerin ARCA Menards jerin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun motoci ce wacce ƙungiyar Racing Club of America (ARCA) ke gudanarwa, wacce NASCAR ta samu a cikin 2018. Jerin yana gudana akan waƙoƙi iri-iri, gami da waƙoƙin da ke ɗaukar abubuwan da suka faru a cikin NASCAR na ƙasa uku na ƙasa. jerin. Ko da kafin sayen, ARCA Racing Series yana da dangantaka mai tsawo tare da NASCAR a matsayin tsarin gona; motocinta sun dogara ne akan motocin gasar cin kofin ƙarni na baya, tare da ƙungiyoyi galibi suna siyan chassis da injuna waɗanda a baya ƙungiyoyin Cup Series ke amfani da su. Jerin ya ci gaba da amfani da chassis na baya-bayan nan "Generation 4" wanda Jerin Kofin ya yi amfani da shi har zuwa 2016, lokacin da jerin suka fara aiki a cikin wani sabon tsarin hadewa dangane da NASCAR na tsohon Generation 6 chassis. 
 Jerin Gabas na ARCA Menards da ARCA Menards Series West, waɗanda ke amfani da motocin haja tare da cikakkun ƙorafi kwatankwacin waɗanda ke cikin Tsarin Kofin da Xfinity. A baya an yi aiki da jerin abubuwan a ƙarƙashin tutar NASCAR har zuwa 2020, lokacin da aka matsar da shi ƙarƙashin ARCA. 
 Yawon shakatawa na Whelen Modified, yana aiki mafi yawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka, yana yin tseren motoci masu kafada da jikinsu kwatankwacin na sauran motocin NASCAR. 
 Jerin NASCAR Pinty's a Kanada da NASCAR PEAK Mexico Series a Mexico jerin na ƙasa ne a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, kuma suna amfani da motocin haja tare da cikakkun shinge. 

Matsayin shigarwa na tseren da aka amince da NASCAR shine Whelen All-American Series, gasa ga direbobi waɗanda ke gasa a tseren mako-mako a ƙananan waƙoƙi, sau da yawa ƙazantattun waƙoƙi, a duk faɗin Amurka da Kanada. Zakaran yanki da babban zakaran jerin gwanon gabaɗaya sun sami kambi.

 Kwallon ƙafa na cikin gida 
Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Premier Arena tsarin gona ne don Babban Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arena.

 Dubi kuma 

 Ginin dutse
 Jerin kungiyoyin masu ciyarwa a kwallon kafa
 Tanglewood Boys
 Kungiyar matasa
 Tsarin matasa

 Manazarta