Tafkin Pepin

Tafkin Pepin (/ˈpɛpɪn/ PEP-in)  tafki ne na halitta a kan Kogin Mississippi a kan iyaka tsakanin Jihohin Amurka na Minnesota da Wisconsin . Tana cikin kwarin da aka sassaƙa ta hanyar fitowar babban tafkin glacial a ƙarshen Ice Age na ƙarshe. Tafkin ya samo asali ne lokacin da Mississippi, wanda ya gaji kogin glacial, ya kasance a wani bangare ta hanyar delta daga rafi mai gudana kuma ya bazu a fadin kwarin na dā. Pepin yanzu hanya ce ta ruwa, babbar hanya, da jigilar jirgin kasa. An san shi da wurin haihuwar tseren ruwa, yana karbar bakuncin ayyukan nishaɗi iri-iri.

 Yanayin ƙasa 
Tafkin Pepin yana da yanki na kimanin murabba'in kilomita 40 (100  da matsakaicin zurfin ƙafa 21 (6.4 ,  Ya kai kilomita 2 (3.2 km) da faɗin kilomita 22 (35 km) tsawo. Waters, The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota, p. 220.  Maiden Rock History". Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2011-12-20.

Yankin tafkin ya shimfiɗa daga Bay City, Wisconsin, a arewa, har zuwa Reads Landing, Minnesota, a kudu. Garuruwan Pepin, Maiden Rock, da Stockholm suna kan gefen Wisconsin, yayin da Frontenac State Park ke ɗaukar babban ɓangare na gefen Minnesota. Birni mafi girma a bakin tekun shine Lake City, Minnesota ."Lake Pepin Minnesota DNR" Waters, The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota, pp. 219-20.

Jirgin kasa na Kanada na Pacific yanzu ya mallaki tsohon babban layin Milwaukee Road a gefen Minnesota, kuma tsohon layin Burlington Northern na Burlington Route shine gefen tafkin a gefen Wisconsin. Dukansu tsoffin racetracks ne na manyan jiragen fasinja na masu su, kuma rails na CP har yanzu suna dauke da Amtrak's Empire Builder tsakanin Chicago da Pacific Northwest. Hanyoyin da ke gefen tafkin sune Hanyar Amurka ta 61 a gefen Minnesota, kuma a fadin tafkin Wisconsin State Highway 35 yana cikin ƙasa daga hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Dukansu suna National Scenic Byways da sassa na Great River Road.Porter, Cynthya (Feb 1, 2009). "Homecoming To Explore Roles Of American Indian Women". Winona Daily News reprinted at Diversity Foundation. Retrieved 21 Oct 2015.

Maiden Rock, a kan Tafkin Pepin, wani shafin ne da aka ce shi ne wurin da wata mace ta Dakota mai suna Winona ta tsallake zuwa mutuwarta.

 Ilimin ƙasa 
Tafkin Pepin yana zaune a kwarin da ruwan Kogin Glacial Warren ya zana, wanda ya zubar da Tafkin Agassiz a cikin ambaliyar ruwa a ƙarshen Ice Age na ƙarshe, kuma zuwa ƙarami daga Tafkin Duluth, ƙaramin tafkin glacial wanda ya shiga cikin kwarin yanzu na Kogin St. Croix. Lokacin da ruwan da ya narke a cikin guguwar ya sami wasu hanyoyin zuwa teku, Kogin Warren ya sami nasara da mafi ƙanƙanta Upper Mississippi, wanda ke zubar da karamin kwandon, kuma St. Croix ya zama kogi na yanzu. A cikin dogon lokaci, kwarin mai zurfi ya cika da turɓaya, ya samar da babban ambaliyar ruwa. A cikin wannan fili Tafkin Pepin ya samo asali ne a bayan wani delta wanda ya ƙunshi dattijo da aka ajiye a cikin tsohuwar tafkin da Kogin Chippewa ke kusa da al'ummar Wabasha ta yanzu a kudancin ƙarshen tafkin. Tafkin ya koma baya a bayan wannan madatsar ruwan har zuwa arewacin wurin Saint Paul. A cikin shekaru 10,000 tun lokacin da aka halicci tafkin, ci gaba da zama a ciki ,bn Tafkin Pepin ya sa ƙarshen sa ya yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasa kusan kilomita 80 (50 mi) zuwa wurin da yake yanzu a gabas (kogi a kudu) na Red Wing, Minnesota . Ojakangas, Minnesota's Geology, pp. 113-15; Waters, The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota, pp. 219-20.  
"Lake Pepin Legacy Alliance News". Archived from the original on 2011-05-09. Retrieved 2010-07-20. Kessler, Andrew C; Gupta, Satish C; Brown, Melinda K (2013). "Assessment of river bank erosion in Southern Minnesota rivers post European settlement". Geomorphology. 201: 312–322. Bibcode:2013Geomo.201..312K. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.006.
Gupta, Satish C.; Kessler, Andrew C. (2017). Bank Erosion in the Minnesota River Basin. Proceedings of the 6th Soil and Water Management 2017 Field days, Lamberton, MN.

 Muhalli 
Tsarin sedimentation yana ci gaba a cikin hanzari; ana ajiye barbashi da kogin ya ɗauka a saman ruwa lokacin da halin yanzu ya ragu inda kogin ya zubo cikin tafkin. Tsire-tsire na halitta na Pepin suna fuskantar barazanar waɗannan ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin, wanda ke jagorantar Lake Pepin Legacy Alliance don kiran abin da ya faru "jeji mai laushi". Wasu suna tunanin tafkin yana cikawa a cikin sau goma fiye da kafin mulkin mallaka, saboda yawancin ƙaruwa daga gonaki tare da Kogin Minnesota. Sauran bincike suna kula da tarin turɓaya daga jerin matakai daban-daban da rikitarwa, gami da zubar da ruwa mai yawa na banki daga bakin kogin kogin, sakamakon yanayin yankin, abun da ke ciki da dukiyar jiki na ƙasa, ƙuntatawar ambaliyar kogi da mutum, samun damar zuwa filayen ambaliyar ruwa da wuraren da ke da ruwa, da tilasta yin zurfafa zurfin tashoshin kogi. Bincike ya nuna cewa ana kara wadannan matakai saboda karuwar ruwan sama saboda canjin yanayi. Quimby, Mrs. Thomas Letter to Ms. Sackett. September 23, 1928 Manuscripts/Notebooks. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota Waters, The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota, p. 206
"Day-long excursion on Lake Pepin turns into one of the deadliest disasters on Upper Mississippi". ECM Publishers. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
 Samuelson, Water Ski Hall of Fame A Look Back... Archived 2018-12-17 at the Wayback Machine, Water Ski Hall of Fame.
Water Ski Days". Lake City Chamber of Commerce.

 Tarihin ɗan adam 
An fara kiran tafkin ne a taswirar New France da Guillaume Delisle ya yi bisa buƙatar Louis XIV na Faransa a cikin 1703. An sanya sunan tafkin ne ga Jean Pepin wanda ya zauna a bakin tekun a ƙarshen 1600s bayan ya bincika Great Lakes daga Boucherville.

Nicolas Perrot ya gina na farko na wasu wuraren kasuwanci na fata, Fort Saint Antoine, a cikin shekara ta 1686. A cikin 1727 René Boucher de La Perrière da Michel Guignas sun gina Fort Beauharnois a kan tafkin. A shekara ta 1730 dole ne a sake gina shi a ƙasa mafi girma.Quimby, Mrs. Thomas Letter to Ms. Sackett. September 23, 1928 Manuscripts/Notebooks. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Boucher shine shugaban soja kuma Uba Guignas ya kasance mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje ga Sioux.

A cikin karni na sha tara, an yi amfani da tafkin don jigilar sabbin bishiyoyi don masana'antar katako. An yanke katako a fadin tafkin, daga shekarun 1840 sau da yawa tare da taimakon jiragen ruwa don magance iska mai iska da kuma raƙuman ruwa a cikin tafkin. An tattara manyan rafts a Reads Landing a ƙarshen kudu, kuma an ja su zuwa ƙasa zuwa ma'adinai a Winona da St. Louis.Waters, The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota, p. 206.

A cikin 1890, shi ne wurin daya daga cikin mafi munin bala'in teku a kan Mississippi, wanda aka sani da Bala'in Sea Wing lokacin da jirgin ruwa na Sea Wing ya rushe a cikin mummunar guguwa, ya kashe mutane 98. A cikin 1922, ɗan asalin Lake City Ralph Samuelson ya kirkiro wasan tseren ruwa a kan tafkin, kuma an san Lake City da "wurin haihuwar tseren ruwa. " Birnin yana murna da bikin da ake kira Waterski Days a kowace shekara a karshen mako na ƙarshe a watan Yuni.Ralph Samuelson , Water Ski Hall of Fame.

 Al'adun gargajiya 
Pepin, Wisconsin, ita ce wurin haihuwar marubuciya Laura Ingalls Wilder .  A cikin Little House in the Big Woods, littafi na farko a cikin jerin Little House, mahaifin Laura ya ziyarci Lake Pepin a babi na farko  kuma iyalinta sun ziyarci tafkin a cikin babi na "Going to Town". Iyalin Laur a da  ymotar da aka rufe su sai suka haye tafkin Pepin mai daskarewa a cikin babi na "Going West", babi na farko na littafin na biyu, Little House on the Prairie ."Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum". Laura Ingalls Pepin, Wisconsin. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
"Laura Ingalls Wilder's birthplace" Ingalls Wilder, Laura (1953). Little House in the Big Woods. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060264307. OCLC 469503. Ingalls Wilder, Laura (7 February 2017). Little House on the Prairie. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062470744. OCLC 1023197044.

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