Braille na Ghana

Ana amfani da haruffan braille da yawa a Ghana. Don Ingilishi, an karɓi Haɗin Kan Turanci Braille . An rubuta wasu harsuna huɗu da makafi: Akan (Twi), Ga, Ewe, da Dagaare . Dukkan haruffa guda uku sun dogara ne akan ainihin ƙimar haruffan rubutun hannu na ainihin haruffan Latin:

Kwatankwacin kwatancen haruffan da suka wuce waɗannan an kwatanta su a ƙasa. Turanci ana amfani da alamar rubutu a cikin Ghana da (bisa ga UNESCO 2013) Togo.

Ba a yin amfani da Braille sosai a Ghana don kowane harshe sai Ingilishi. Koyaya, akwai wasu tsofaffin wallafe-wallafe a cikin waɗannan haruffan rubutun hannu.

 Akan (Twi) Braille 

Akan yana da karin wasu haruffa guda ɗaya. ⠪ ɔ ana iya sa ran daga ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya / Afirka ; ⠻ ɛ na musamman ga Ghana.
ɔɛ

 Ga and Dagaare Braille 

Ga da Dagaare sun ƙara wasiƙa ta uku, ⠬ ŋ .
ɔɛŋ

 Ewe Braille 

Ewe yana ƙara ƙarin baƙaƙe da yawa: ⠫ ɖ, ⠹ ƒ, ⠣ ɣ, ⠮ ʋ .
ɔɛŋɖƒɣʋ
Ɓ da ɣ sune ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya/Afirka (duba kuma Braille na Najeriya ); ƒ da ʋ sun fito ne daga sautunan Ingilishi th, mafi kusanci a cikin wannan harshe bayan f da v .

 Braille don harsunan Togo 
Ewe shine yaren farko na Togo, kuma ana amfani da shi a Togo tare da aikin makafi iri ɗaya kamar na Ghana. UNESCO (2013 [1990]) ta ba da rahoton ƙarin wasu haruffan Togo da yawa waɗanda ba ta iya tabbatarwa ba, amma waɗanda aka tsara su tare da harsunan Ghana; Babu shakka suna amfani da ayyukan Ewe na Ghana:

 Bassar da Konkomba an rubuta su da asali na mawallafi da Ewe ŋ, ɔ .
 Kabiye ya ɖ ɛ ɣ ɩ ŋ ɔ ʊ . Haruffa ɩ da ʊ suna bin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma sun yi daidai da ⠔ ị da ⠳ cikin Igbo Braille . (Unesco ta bayar da rahoton cewa ana musanya kimar maƙarƙashiya u/ʊ daga al'ada, mai yuwuwar kuskuren kwafi. ) Sauran haruffa suna kamar a Ewe.
 Moba ya na ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ, tare ⠔ ɩ kamar a Kabiye.
 Tem ya ɖɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ, kamar a Kabiye.

Bugu da ƙari, UNESCO ta ba da rahoton cewa harsunan Togo daban-daban suna da ⠡ don wasulan hanci, ⠸ don sauti mai girma, ⠘ don sautin tsakiya, da ⠰ don ƙananan sautin.

Dukkan waɗannan harsuna biyar ana magana da su a Ghana da kuma Togo, amma Unesco ba ta ba da rahoton cewa an mayar da su zuwa makafi a can ba.

 Nassoshi 

Category:Rubutu