Harsuna Talodi-Heiban

Harsunan Talodi–Heiban Reshe ne da aka tsara na dangin Nijar–Congo, wanda ake magana a tsaunin Nuba na Sudan . Harsunan Talodi da Heiban ana tsammanin suna da alaƙa da Dimmendaal, Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842. kodayake Glottolog 4.4 bai yarda da haɗin kai na Talodi – Heiban ba yana jiran ƙarin shaida. 

 Rarraba 
Roger Blench (2016) ya lura cewa rassan Talodi da Heiban suna da kamanceceniya da yawa, amma kaɗan kamanceceniya. Blench (2016) ya ɗauki Talodi da Heiban a matsayin kowannensu dabam, rassan Nijar da Kongo masu zaman kansu waɗanda daga baya suka haɗu saboda hulɗar juna.

Talodi da Heiban kowannensu ya kafa rukuni na reshen Kordofanian Niger–Congo wanda Joseph Greenberg ya kafa (1963); Ana kuma kiran Talodi Talodi-Masakin, kuma ana kiran Heiban Koalib ko Koalib–Moro. Roger Blench ya lura cewa iyalai Talodi da Heiban suna da tsarin tsarin suna na Atlantic-Congo core na Niger-Congo, amma harsunan Katla (wani reshe na Kordofanian) ba su da alamar samun irin wannan tsarin. yayin da harsunan Kadu da wasu daga cikin yarukan Rashad da alama sun sami azuzuwan suna a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sprachbund , maimakon sun gaji su. Ya ƙarasa da cewa harsunan Kordofanian ba su kafa ƙungiyar asali ba, amma Talodi–Heiban ita ce ginshiƙi na Nijar – Kongo, yayin da Katla da Rashad suka zama reshe na gefe (ko watakila rassa) tare da layin Mande . Harsunan Kadu na iya zama Nilo-Saharan .


 † = bacewa

Lafoda (Tegem), wani lokacin ana rarrabe shi azaman harshen Talodit, yana da ƙungiyar da aka samu daban-daban tare da sauran reshen Nijar-Congo.

 Norton & Alaki (2015) 
Norton & Alaki (2015: 76, 126)Norton, Russell, and Thomas Kuku Alaki. 2015. The Talodi Languages: A Comparative-Historical Analysis. Occasional papers in the study of Sudanese languages 11:31-161. classify the Talodi languages as follows. Proto-Talodi, Proto-Lumun-Torona, and Proto-Narrow Talodi have also been reconstructed by Norton & Alaki (2015).

 Dangantaka 
Wasiku na lexical tsakanin Proto-Heiban da Proto-Talodi bisa ga Blench (2016): Blench, Roger. 2016. Do Heiban and Talodi form a genetic group and how are they related to Niger-Congo?.
Gloss Proto-Heiban Proto-Talodi ciki *k-aaRi / ɲ- * Ca[a] rәk / kә- bushewa *Ø-undu/k- *Øandu[k] / t~k kunne *k-ɛɛni / ɲ- *k-ɛ[ɛ]nu / Ø- wuta *iga *t̪-ɪ[ɪ]k / ḷ- bayarwa *N-d̪ɛ-d̪í *N-d̪í hanji *t̪-y / n̪-u *ku[u]k/n- ji *g-ani/n- * g-eenu / w- rami *li-buŋul / ŋu- *t-ʊbʊ / n- kaho *l-uba / ŋ- *t~C-uubʊk / n~m- gefen hagu *t̪-agur *Ø-ʊgʊlɛ / C- suna *C-iriɲ *k-әḷәŋaŋ / N~Ø- ja *uud̪i *adu ja * k-ʊʊrɪ * ɗã igiya * d̪-aar / ŋw- *t̪-ɔ[ɔ]ḷәk / ḷ- karami *-itti(ɲ) *ɔt̪t̪ɛ(ŋ) tauraro *l-ʊrʊm / ŋ- *C-ɔ[ɔ] d̪ɔt̪ / m dutse *k-adɔl / y- *p-әd̪ɔk / m harshe * d̪-iŋgәla / r- *t̪-ʊlәŋɛ / ḷ- hakori *l-iŋgat / y- *C-әɲi[t] / k- reshe *k-ibɔ / ʧ- *k-ʊbɪ / Ø-
Kwatanta prefix na aji tsakanin Proto-Heiban da Proto-Talodi bisa ga Blench (2016): Blench, Roger. 2016. Do Heiban and Talodi form a genetic group and how are they related to Niger-Congo?.
Sunan class Proto-Heiban Proto-Talodi Mutane *kʷ,gʷ-/l- *p,b-/Ø- Bishiyoyi da shuke-shuke *k,g/y- *p-/k- Abubuwa masu zagaye, sassan jiki masu mahimmanci *li-/ŋʷ- * ʧ-/m- sassan jiki masu kamanceceniya *l-/j- * ʧ-/k- Dogayen abubuwa masu bakin ciki, abubuwa masu bushewa ð-/r- *t/n Ƙananan abubuwa, dabbobi *ŋ-, t-/ɲ- *ŋ-/ɲ- Ruwan ruwa *ŋ- *ŋ- Abubuwan da ba a iya lissafawa, [kura, ciyawa] *k- *t-

 Duba kuma 

 Mutane da sunan Heiban Nuba
 Mutane da sunan Talodi
 Jerin abubuwan sake gina Proto-Talodi (Wiktionary)
 Jerin abubuwan sake gina Proto-Heiban (Wiktionary)

 Bayanan kula 

 Roger Blench. Ba a buga ba. Kordofanian da Nijar–Congo: sabbin kuma sabbin shedar kamus .
 Roger Blench, 2011, Ya kamata a raba Kordofanian? , Taron Nuba Hills, Leiden
 Blench, Roger. 2016. Shin Heiban da Talodi sun kafa rukunin kwayoyin halitta kuma yaya suke da alaka da Nijar-Congo? .