Arewacin Sotho

Sotho Mutum Mopedi Mutane Bapedi Harshe Sepedi
Sepedi, wanda a da ake kira Sesotho sa Lebowa a matsayin yare na hukuma ga mahaifar Lebowa a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, rukuni ne na yaren Sotho-Tswana da ake magana a cikin lardunan arewa maso gabashin Afirka ta Kudu . Ana kiransa da yawa a cikin daidaitaccen tsari  a matsayin Pedi ko Sepedi kuma yana riƙe da matsayin harshen hukuma a Afirka ta Kudu.  

Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2011, shi ne yaren farko na mutane sama da miliyan 4.6 (9.1%), wanda ya sa ya zama yare na 5 mafi yawan magana a Afirka ta Kudu. Yaren Sepedi yawanci ana magana da shi a cikin lardunan Mpumalanga, Gauteng da Limpopo . 

 Matsayin Harshen hukuma 

 Sepedi vs Arewacin Sotho 
A cewar Babi na 1, Sashe na 6 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu, Sepedi na ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma 12 na Afirka ta Kudu.  An yi gagarumin muhawara game da ko ya kamata a yi amfani da Arewacin Sotho maimakon Pedi.  Tsarin Ingilishi na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ya lissafa Sepedi a matsayin harshen hukuma, yayin da Sepedi ko Arewacin Sotho na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ya lissafa Sesotho sa Lebowa a matsayin harshen Afirka ta Kudu na hukuma. 

 Manufar Harshen Afirka ta Kudu 
Manufar Harshen Turanci na Afirka ta Kudu yana nufin harsunan hukuma goma sha ɗaya na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin

kayyade a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu: 

(watau Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, da Ingilishi).

 Suna 
Harshen rubutaccen harshen Arewacin Sotho ya dogara ne akan yaren Sepedi. Masu wa’azin bishara sun yi nazarin wannan yare a hankali kuma sun fara haɓaka rubutun a cikin 1860 ta Alexander Merensky, Grutzner, da Gerlachshoop.  Wannan daga baya ya samar da tsarin rubutu na gama gari don nau'ikan harsuna 20 ko fiye na harsunan Sotho-Tswana da ake magana da su a cikin tsohon Transvaal, sannan kuma ya taimaka wajen yin amfani da "Sepedi" a matsayin kalmar laima ga dukan dangin harshe. Duk da haka, akwai rashin amincewa da wannan synecdoche daga sauran masu magana da yaren Sotho na Arewa, kamar masu magana da yaren Lobedu na Modjadji .[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]

 Sauran nau'ikan Arewacin Sotho 
Ana iya rarraba Arewacin Sotho zuwa Highveld -Sotho, wanda ya ƙunshi kwatankwacin bakin haure na baya-bayan nan galibi daga sassan yammaci da kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma Lowveld -Sotho, wanda ya ƙunshi haɗakar baƙi daga arewacin Afirka ta Kudu da mazaunan Sotho na tsawon lokaci. tsaye. Kamar sauran mutanen Sotho-Tswana, ana kiran harsunansu da sunan dabbobin da ake kira totemic kuma, wani lokacin, ta hanyar musanya ko hada waɗannan da sunayen shahararrun sarakuna. [ <span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (October 2019)">bincike na asali?</span> ]

 Highveld-Sotho 
Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi yaruka masu zuwa:

 Bapedi
 Bapedi Marota (a cikin kunkuntar hankali)
 Marota Mamone
 Marota Mohlatsi
 Batau Bapedi (Matlebjane, Masemola, Marishane, Batau ba Manganeng - Nkadimeng Kgaphola, Nchabeleng, Mogashoa, Phaahla, Sloane, Mashegoana, Mphanama)
 Phokwane
 Bakone
 Kone (Ga-Matlala)
 Dikgale
 Baphuthi
 Baroka
 Bakgaga (Mphahlele, Maake, da Mothapo)
 Chuene
 Mathabata
 Maserumule
 Tlou (Ga-Molepo)
 Thobejane (Ga-Mafefe)
 Batlokwa ,
 Batlokwa Ba Letebe
 Makgoba
 Batlou
 Bahananwa (Ga-Mmalebogo)
 Moremi
 Motlhatlhana
 Babarwa
 Mamabolo
 Bamongatane
 Bakwena ba Moletjie (Moloto)
 Batlhaloga
 Bahwaduba, BaGaMagale, da dai sauransu

 Lowveld-Sotho 
Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi Lobedu, Narene, Phalaborwa (Malatji), Mogoboya, Kone, Kgaga, Pulana, Pai, Ramafalo, Mohale da Kutswe.

 Rabewa 
Arewacin Sotho yana ɗaya daga cikin yaren Sotho na dangin Bantu . Kodayake Arewacin Sotho ya raba sunan Sotho tare da Kudancin Sotho, ƙungiyoyin biyu ba su da alaƙa da juna fiye da yadda suke da Setswana.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">1</span> ]  Arewacin Sotho kuma yana da alaƙa da Setswana, sheKgalagari da siLozi . Yaren daidaitaccen yare ne, yana haɗa nau'o'in iri ko yaruka daban-daban. Arewacin Sotho kuma mutanen Mohlala ke magana.

Yawancin masu magana da Khelobedu suna koyon yaren Sepedi ne kawai a makaranta, irin su Sepedi shine yaren su na biyu ko na uku. Khelobedu harshe ne da aka rubuta. Lobedu yana magana da yawancin mutane a cikin Greater Tzaneen, Greater Letaba, da BaPhalaborwa gundumomi, da kuma ƴan tsiraru a gundumar Greater Giyani, da kuma a lardin Limpopo da garin Tembisa a Gauteng . Ana kiran masu magana da shi da Balobedu .

Sepulana ( also sePulane ) yana wanzuwa cikin sigar da ba a rubuta ba kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na daidaitaccen Arewacin Sotho. Ana magana da Sepulana a yankin Bushbuckridge ta mutanen MaPulana . (

 Tsarin rubutu 
An rubuta Sepedi a cikin haruffan Latin. Ana amfani da harafin š don wakiltar sautin [ </link> ] ("sh" ana amfani dashi a cikin trigraph "tsh" don wakiltar sautin ts da ake so). Za a iya ƙara lafazin dawafi a cikin haruffa e da o don bambance sautuka daban-daban, amma galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin littattafan bincike na harshe. Wasu prefixes na kalmomi, musamman a cikin fi’ili, an rubuta su dabam daga tushe. 

 Fassarar sauti 

 Wasula 
+Wasalan Arewacin Sotho Gaba Baya Kusa   Kusa-tsakiyar   Bude-tsakiyar   Bude 

 Consonants 
+Consonants na Arewacin Sotho Labial Alveolar Bayan-<br id="mw2w"><br><br><br></br> alveolar Velar Glottal a fili pre palatal alveolar a fili na gefe Nasal m n ɲ ŋ M m pʼ   tʼ tˡʼ kʼ m pʰ   tʰ tˡʰ kʰ Haɗin kai m tsʼ tʃʼm tsʰ tʃʰ kxʰ Ƙarfafawa mara murya f   s ɬ ʃ h ~ ɦ murya β   ʒ ɣ Rhotic r ɺ  Kusanci w l j
A cikin mahadi na hanci, sautin baƙon hanci na farko ana gane shi azaman syllabic. Kalmomi irin su nthuše "taimaka min", ana furta su da  . /n/ kuma ana iya furta shi da  bin baƙar fata. 

Ire-iren garuruwa na Arewacin Sotho, irin su Pretoria Sotho (ainihin asalin Tswana ), sun sami dannawa a cikin ci gaba da aiwatar da irin waɗannan sautunan da ke yaɗuwa daga harsunan Nguni . 

 Kalmomi 
Wasu misalan kalmomi da jimloli na Sepedi:
EnglishSepediWelcomeKamogelo (noun) / Amogela (verb)Good dayDumela (singular) / Dumelang (plural) / Thobela and Re a lotšha (to elders)How are you?O kae? (singular) Le kae? (plural, also used for elders)I am fineKe gona.I am fine too, thank youLe nna ke gona, ke a leboga.Thank youKe a leboga (I thank you) / Re a leboga (we thank you)Good luckMahlatseHave a safe journeyO be le leeto le le bolokegilegoGood bye!Šala gabotse (singular)/ Šalang gabotse (plural, also used for elders)(keep well) / Sepela gabotse(singular)/Sepelang gabotse (plural, also used for elders)(go well)I am looking for a jobKe nyaka mošomôNo smokingGa go kgogwe (/folwe)No entranceGa go tsenweBeware of the steps!Hlokomela disetepese!Beware!Hlokomela!Congratulations on your birthdayMahlatse letšatšing la gago la matswaloSeasons greetingsDitumedišo tša Sehla sa MaikhutšoMerry ChristmasMahlogonolo a KeresemoseMerry Christmas and Happy New YearMahlogonolo a Keresemose le ngwaga wo moswa wo monateExpressionGontsha sa mafahlengyesee/eyanoaowapleasehlethank youke a lebogahelpthušang/thušodangerkotsiemergencytšhoganetšoexcuse mentshwareleI am sorryKe maswabiI love youKe a go rataQuestions / sentencesDipotšišo / mafokoDo you accept (money/credit cards/traveler's cheques)?O amogela (singular) / Le
amogela ( tshelete/.../...)?How much is this?Ke bokae e?I want ...Ke nyaka...What are you doing?O dira eng?What is the time?Ke nako mang?Where are you going?O ya kae?NumbersDinomoro1tee2pedi3tharo4nne5hlano6tshela7šupa8seswai9senyane10lesome11lesometee12lesomepedi13lesometharo14lesomenne15lesomehlano20masomepedi21masomepedi-tee22masomepedi-pedi50masomehlano100lekgolo1000seketeDays of the weekMatšatši a bekeSundayLamorenaMondayMošupologoTuesdayLabobediWednesdayLaboraroThursdayLaboneFridayLabohlanoSaturdayMokibeloMonths of the yearDikgwedi tša ngwagaJanuaryPherekgongFebruaryDibokwaneMarchTlhakolaAprilMoranangMayMopitloJuneNgwatobosegoJulyPhuphuAugustPhatoSeptemberLewediOctoberDiphalaneNovemberDibatselaDecemberMantholeComputers and Internet termsDidirishwa tsa khomphutha le Inthanetecomputersebaledi / khomphutarae-mailimeilee-mail addressaterese ya imeileInternetInthaneteInternet cafékhefi ya Inthanetewebsiteweposaetewebsite addressaterese ya weposaeteRainPulaTo understandGo kwešišaReed PipesDinakaDrumsMeropaHornLenakaColoursMebalaRed/OrangeHubeduBrownTsothoGreenTalamorogoBlueTalalerataBlackNtshoWhitešweuYellowSerolwanaGoldGautaGreyPududuPaleSehla or TshehlaSilverSilifere

 Misalin rubutu 
Sanarwar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya Temana 1
Batho ka moka ba belegwe ba lokologile le gona ba na le seriti sa go lekana le ditokelo. Ba filwe monagano le letswalo mme ba swanetše go swarana ka moya wa bana ba mpa.

Temana 2
Mang le mang o swanetše ke ditokelo le ditokologo ka moka tše go boletšwego ka tšona ka mo Boikanong bjo, ntle le kgethollo ya mohuta wo mongwe le wo mongwe bjalo ka morafe, mmala, bong, polelo, bodumedi, dipolitiki goba ka kgopolo, botšo go ya ka setšhaba goba maemo, diphahlo, matswalo goba maemo a mangwe le a mangwe.

Go feta fao, ga go kgethollo yeo e swanetšego go dirwa go ya ka maemo a dipolitiki, tokelo ya boahlodi, goba maemo a ditšhabatšhaba goba lefelo leo motho a dulago go lona, goba ke naga ye e ipušago, trasete, naga ya go se ipuše goba se sengwe le se sengwe seo se ka fokotšago maemo a go ikemela ga naga ya gabo.

 Duba kuma 

 Mutanen Pedi
 Lebowa
 Sekhukhuneland

 Bayanan kula 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Northern Sotho
 Online Northern Sotho – English dictionary
 Online Northern Sotho explanatory dictionary
 Pan South African Language Board
 Audio files in Pedi at Wikimedia Commons

 Software 

 Mai duba haruffa don OpenOffice.org da Mozilla, OpenOffice.org, Mozilla Firefox web-browser, da Mozilla Thunderbird email shirin a Arewacin Sotho
 Translate.org.za Project don fassara Software na Kyauta da Buɗewa zuwa duk harsunan hukuma na Afirka ta Kudu ciki har da Arewacin Sotho
 Allon madannai tare da ƙarin haruffan Sotho na Arewa
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba