Sviatoslav I

Sviatoslav ko kuma Svyatoslav I Igorevich (;  – 972) ya kasance yariman Kiev daga 945 har zuwa mutuwar shi a 972. Ya yi fice da jajircewarsa na kamfe a gabas da kudu, wanda ya janyo rushewar manyan Kasashen Iko guda biyu na Turai, Khazaria da kuma  Daukar Bulgaria ta Farko. Ya mamaye yarukan Gashin Slavic, yayi nasara akan Alans kuma ya farmaki Volga Bulgars,Khazarian state and its role in the history of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus A.P. Novoseltsev, Moscow, Nauka, 1990.  kuma a wasu lokutan ya hada gwiwa tare da Pechenegs da kuma Magyars (mutanen Hungariya).

 Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Igor a 945, mahaifiyar Sviatoslav Olga ta yi mulki a matsayin mai rikon kwarya na Kiev har zuwa 962. [1] [2] [3] Sarautarsa ta tsawon shekaru goma a kan Kievan Rus' ta kasance alama ce ta fadada cikin kwarin Kogin Volga, da tsaunukan Pontic, da Balkans, wanda ya kai shi ga sassaƙa wa kansa babbar jiha a Turai.  shekara ta 969, ya koma kujerarsa zuwa Pereyaslavets a kan Danube. [1] [2]  A 970, ya nada 'ya'yansa maza Yaropolk da Oleg a matsayin sarakuna na Kiev da Drelinia, yayin da ya nada Vladimir, ɗansa wanda  mai masa hidima a gidansa kuma bawansa Malusha, a matsayin yarima na Novgorod.
Dangane da sauya addinin mahaifiyar sa zuwa Kiristanci, Sviatoslav ya cigaba da bauta a matsayin mara addini na tsawon rayuwarsa. A sanadiyar mutuwarsa na ba zato ta harin kwanton bauna, ba’a samu daman hade garuruwan sa da ya mamaye ba a matsayin daula guda, haka zalika a dalilin rashin samar da tsayayyen magaji ya janyo matsanancin rikici  a tsakanin ‘ya’yan sa, wanda ya janyo mutuwar  Yaropolk da Oleg, a yayin da  Vladimir ya zamo sarki.

 Suna 
Tarihin ainihin tatsuniya ya shigar da cewa Sviatoslav a matsayin mai mulki na farko na Kievan Rus' tare da sunan asali na Slavic, sabanin magabatansa, waɗanda sunayensu suna da tsohuwar asalin Norse. Elena Rydzevskaya. Ancient Russia and Scandinavia in the 9th–14th centuries Moscow: Nauka, 1978. Pp. 203Anna Litvina. Fyodor Uspensky. The choice of the name of the Russian princes in the X-XVI centuries. Dynastic history through the prism of anthroponymy. – Moscow, 2006 .-- 904 p. – 1000 copies. – ISBN 5-85759-339-5. – P. 41. malamai suna ganin sunan Sviatoslav, wanda ya ƙunshi tushen Slavic mai nufin "tsarki" da "ɗaukaka", a matsayin ƙaddamarwa yayin da aka hada ta da sunan magabatansa Oleg da Rurik, See  (Moscow, 1970). amma masu bincike na zamani suna tambaya game da yiwuwar irin wannan fassarar sunaye daga yare ɗaya zuwa wani.

A cikin karni na 10  Sarkin Gabashin Roma  Constantine VII a cikin harshen Helenanci De Administrando Imperio ("A kan Mulkin Daular") sun rubuta sunansa a matsayin Σφενδοσθ актуος ("Sfendostlabos").

 Kuruciya da halayensa 
Kusan babu wani abu  da aka sani game da yarintar Sviatoslav da tasowar sa, wanda ya kwashe yana mulki a Novgorod. Mahaifin Sviatoslav, Igor, wanda Drevlians  suka kashe shi a  kusan alif 945, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Olga, ta yi mulki a matsayin mai mulki a Kiev har sai Sviatoslav ya  balaga (kimanin 963). If Olga was indeed born in 879, as the Primary Chronicle seems to imply, she should have been about 65 at the time of Sviatoslav's birth. There are clearly some problems with chronology. Primary Chronicle entry for 968 Varangian mai suna Asmud ne ya koyar da Sviatoslav. Al’adar daukar malamai na Varangian ga 'ya'yan sarakuna masu mulki ya cigaba har zuwa karni na 11. Sviatoslav ya bayyana ba shi da haƙuri ga gudanarwa. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Primary Chronicle, p. 84. Ya shafe rayuwarsa tare da druzhina (kimanin, "kamfani") a cikin yaƙi na dindindin da jihohin da ke  makwabtaka da su.

A cewar Tarihin Asali, bai ɗauki kaya ko hajoji a  tafiye-tafiyensa ba, kuma bai dafa nama ba, amma yakan yanka sashin  jikin doki, wasa, ko naman sa don cinyewa bayan ya gasa shi a kan garwashi. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Primary Chronicle, p. 84. Kuma har ila yau, ba shi da lema, face lullubewa yake da bargon doki kuma ya sa kujerar doki a matsayin matashin kai, kuma duka ma'aikatansa sun yi haka.
Leo the Deacon ya bayyana bayyana sigar  Sviatoslav a bude, wanda shi da kansa ya halarci taron Sviatoslav tare da John I Tzimiskes. Dangane da labarin Deacon, Sviatoslav mutum ne mai idanu masu haske mai matsakaicin tsayi amma mai ƙarfin hali, ya fi ƙarfin Tzimiskes. Yana  da gemu mai laushi kuma yana da gashin baki mai buzo,  da kuma saje a matsayin alamar daraja. Ya fi son yin ado da fari, kuma an nuna cewa tufafinsa sun fi tsabta fiye da na mutanensa, kodayake yana abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya da mayaƙansa. Vernadsky 276–277. The sidelock is reminiscent of Turkic hairstyles and practices and was later mimicked by Cossacks. sa babban zoben zinariya guda ɗaya dauke da carbuncle da lu'ulu'u biyu.

 Manazarta