Yaren Rusyn

Rusyn ( / ˈr uːsɪn / ; [  Carpathian Rusyn     ; Pannonian Rusyn     )   harshen Slavic na Gabas ne wanda Rusyns ke magana a sassan Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, kuma an rubuta shi cikin rubutun Cyrillic .  A cikin al'umma, harshen kuma ana magana da shi ta tsohuwar kalmar jama'a, руснацькый язык       ,   ko kuma kawai ake magana a kai a matsayin magana hanyarmu ( Carpathian Rusyn     ).  Yawancin masu magana suna zaune a yankin da aka sani da Carpathian Ruthenia wanda ya taso daga Transcarpathia, zuwa yamma zuwa gabashin Slovakia da kudu maso gabashin Poland.  Hakanan akwai tsibiri mai girma na Pannonian Rusyn a cikin Vojvodina, Serbia,  da kuma ƴan ƙasashen waje na Rusyn a duk faɗin duniya.   Bisa ga Yarjejeniya ta Turai don Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan Ƙananan, Rusyn an amince da shi a matsayin harshen tsirarun kariya ta Bosnia da Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Poland (a matsayin Lemko), Serbia, da Slovakia . 

A cikin yaren Ingilishi, kalmar Rusyn ta amince da ita a hukumance ta ISO .  Wasu sunaye kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don yin nuni ga yare, galibi waɗanda aka samo daga exonyms kamar Ruthenian ko Ruthene ( UK : / r ʊ ˈθ iːn /, US : / r uː ˈ θ iːn / ),  waɗanda ke da ƙarin ma'anoni na gabaɗaya, don haka (ta hanyar ƙara sifofin yanki) an ƙirƙiri wasu takamaiman nadi, kamar: Carpathian Ruthenian/Ruthene ko Carpatho-Ruthenian/Ruthene. 

Rarraba Rusyn a matsayin harshe ko yare shine tushen jayayya.  Czech, Slovak, da Hungarian, da Amurkawa da wasu masana harsuna na Poland da Serbia suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani harshe na musamman Bernard Comrie, "Slavic Languages," International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992, Oxford, Vol 3), pp. 452–456. [ bukatar sabuntawa ] (tare da lambar ta ISO 639-3 ), yayin da sauran malamai (a cikin Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, da Romania) suna ɗaukar shi azaman yare na Ukrainian . George Y. Shevelov, "Ukrainian," The Slavonic Languages, ed.  [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]



 Rabewa 
Rarraba harshen Rusyn a tarihi ya kasance duka biyun a cikin yare da kuma siyasa. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da tambayoyi da yawa tsakanin masana ilimin harshe, game da rabe-raben yarukan Slavic na Gabas da ake magana a yankunan arewa maso gabas (Carpathian) na Masarautar Hungary, da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Masarautar Galicia da Lodomeria . Daga waɗancan tambayoyin, manyan ka'idoji guda uku ne suka fito: 

 Wasu masana harsuna sun yi iƙirarin cewa yarukan Slavic na Gabas na yankin Carpathian ya kamata a rarraba su a matsayin takamaiman nau'in yaren Rasha .
 Wasu masanan harshe sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan ya kamata a lasafta su azaman nau'in yaren yamma na musamman na Ukrainian .
 Ƙungiya ta uku ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan sun ƙayyadad da su don a gane su a matsayin yaren Slavic na Gabas.

Duk da wadannan rigingimun na harshe, kalmomin hukuma da Masarautar Austro-Hungary ta yi amfani da su da ke mulkin yankin Carpathian sun kasance ba su canza ba. Ga hukumomin jihar Austro-Hungary, gaba dayan kungiyar harshen Slavic ta Gabas da ke cikin iyakokin Masarautar an rarraba su da harshen Ruthenian ( German   , Hungarian   ), kalmar archaic da exonymic wanda ya kasance ana amfani dashi har zuwa 1918. 

 Rarraba yanki 
Dangane da rabe-raben yanki, harshen Rusyn yana wakilta ta takamaiman gungu guda biyu: na farko ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Carpathian Rusyn ko Carpatho-Rusyn, kuma na biyu yana wakiltar Pannonian Rusyn . 
Manazarta
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