Littafin Goan

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Littafin Goan Goan tana da yawan jama'a kusan kimanin miliyan 1.4 da yanki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 3,700 (mil 1,430 sq. miles). Ga ƙaramin yanki, yana da ayyukan ɗab'i mai yawa, mai yiyuwa a wani ɓangare saboda mutanensa suna rubutu a cikin yaruka da yawa—watakila har 13—da kuma saboda ɗimbin ƴan ƙasashen waje da ƴan gudun hijira na Goans da suka zauna a duk faɗin duniya.

Daga cikin fitattun marubutan sa akwai Laxmanrao Sardessai (1904–1986) da R.V. Pandit (1917–1990), dukansu sun rubuta waƙoƙi da larabci a cikin Marathi, Konkani, da Fotigal; Shenoi Goembab (1877-1946), wanda rubutun Konkani ya taimaka wajen kafa Konkani a matsayin harshen adabi na zamani; Ravindra Kelekar (1925–2010), wanda ya rubuta wasu daga cikin manyan adabin Konkani na karni na ashirin; da Pundalik Naik (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), wanda littafinsa na 1977 Achev shine littafin Konkani na farko da aka fassara zuwa Turanci.

 Tarihi 


Goa shi ne wuri na farko a Asiya don samun injin bugu, wanda Jesuits suka kawo a 1556. Kusan duk littattafan Goan kafin lokacin an san cewa Portuguese sun lalata su a lokacin shigar da Inquisition. Da kyar za a iya lamunce sarakunan Portugal na Goa da rikodi na adabin Goan. Don haka, Goa ya yi doguwar soyayya tare da rubutacciyar kalma da bugu, ko da yake ci gaban ya kasance a hankali, kuma yana fuskantar matsaloli kamar hutun harshe da tantancewa.

Peter Nazareth ya nuna cewa Goans ya rubuta a cikin harsuna goma sha uku, wanda manyan daga cikinsu sune Konkani, Marathi, Turanci da Fotigal. Nazarat ta kwatanta Goans a matsayin 'dillalan al'adu':

Goans suna sasantawa tsakanin al'adu, Goans suna rayuwa tsakanin al'adu daban-daban, Goans matafiya ne daga wani yanki na duniya zuwa wani. Wannan, a ganina, ya faru lokacin da Gabas da Yamma suka hadu a Goans a karkashin matsin lamba tare da cin nasara na Portuguese. Tun daga wannan lokacin, amfanin mu ga duniya, a duk inda muke, shine mu iya fahimtar al'adu daban-daban kuma mu taimaka wa mutane daga al'adu daban-daban su fahimci juna. Lalacewar ita ce idan ba mu yi aiki a kai ba, za mu iya kawo karshen rashin sanin ko mu waye.

Rubutun adabi a Goa ya fara samun tsari a ƙarƙashin mulkin Portuguese da tasirinsa, wanda ke da alaƙa da Farfaɗowar Farko na ƙarni na goma sha tara, wanda ya ga sake dawo da manema labarai zuwa Goa, tare da faɗaɗa ilimin Portuguese. Littattafai na harshen Portuguese, kamar A Biblioteca de Goa (1839), O Enciclopédico (1841-1842), O Compilador (1843-1847), O Gabinete Literário das Fontainhas (1846-1848), A revista Ilustrativa (1848), 1857-1866) da kuma O Arquivo Portugués Oriental (1857-1866)', tare da Júlio Gonçalves's Ilustraçao Goana (1864-1866), yayin da sau da yawa ba su daɗe ba, sun ba da sabon ra'ayi ba kawai don yada littattafan Turai ba (ko dai a cikin Portuguese). ko a cikin fassarar), amma ya ba da damar girma ga Goans don buga rubuce-rubucen adabi da na ilimi.Paul Melo e Castro. Lengthening Shadows. 2 vols. Saligão, India: Goa, 1556, 2016. I pp. 9–10 (quoting p. 9).

Littafin farko da wani Goan ya buga shine Os Brahamanes (The Brahmans) na Francisco Luis Gomes, wanda aka buga a 1866.

Daga baya a karni na sha tara, rubutun yare ya fara fitowa da karfi, misali a Konkani, yaren gida da ake magana da shi. Marubucin Goan Shenoi Goembab (1877-1946) shine tushen haɓaka adabin Konkani na zamani. Harshen hukuma na yankin tun 1987, Konkani yanzu ana karatunsa a makarantu. Adabi na Konkani ya fito tare da saurin haɓakar adabin Marathi, wanda Goan R.V. Pandit ya kasance fitaccen mai magana. S. M. Tadkodkar, wanda jami'ar Goa ta ba shi digirin digirgir na digirin digirgir a kan Anant Kaakaba Priolkar, ya kara da cewa yayin da harshen Kannadd na lardin Karnataka ke mamaye al'adun Goan, harshen Marathi da al'adar Goans sun karbe shi. Yanzu, Marathi ya rungumi Goans kuma ba zai bar su ba, da son rai. Ana buga mafi girman adabi a Marathi. Akwai jaridun Marathi guda 8 da aka buga daga Goa. Shahararru daga cikinsu akwai Dianik Gomantak, Tarun Bharat, Lokamat, Navaprabha, Pudhari, Goadoot. Lokmat na Marathi na yau da kullun yana da mafi girman wurare dabam dabam (50000+) a tsakanin duk jaridu.

A ƙarshen karni na sha tara, hulɗa da yawa da ƙaura zuwa Indiya da Birtaniyya ke mulkin mallaka kuma sun ƙarfafa rubutun Goan na Ingilishi, tare da fursunoni na farko ciki har da Joseph Furtado. Edward D'Lima, wanda ya yi digirinsa na digiri a kan marubucin Goan Armando Menezes, ya yi jayayya cewa Goan rubutun a cikin Ingilishi ya koma ƙarshen karni na sha tara, lokacin da Goans ke ƙaura daga wannan mulkin mallaka na Portuguese don neman ayyuka a cikin Ingilishi mai girma. -masu magana da turawan mulkin mallaka na turawan ingila. Turanci shine watakila yaren adabin da ya fi tasiri a Goa: 'yawan ƙirƙira ya kunno kai a cikin adabin Goan a cikin Ingilishi tun 2000 a cikin almara da almara, wasan kwaikwayo da shayari'.Ben Antao, 'Goan Literature in English', Muse India, 64 (November–December 2015), .

 Marubuta Goan 
Bayan Turanci, Konkani da Marathi, Goans, musamman na ƙarni na baya, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga rubuce-rubuce a cikin Fotigal.
SunaKwanan wataBabban harshe(s)Babban tsariBayaniBen Antao1935-TuranciAlmaraWalfrido Antão1950s-1980sFotigalKananan LabaraiCarmo AzavedoFotigalAn lura don Daga Tip na Alkalami (Ao Bico da Pena).Alexandre Moniz BarbosaTuranciSilviano C. BarbosaTuranciAlamraLittafinsa Dare na shida ya ɗauke ku daga rayuwar almara ta musamman a cikin Goa na Portuguese a cikin 1950s har zuwa Toronto, Kanada.Adeodato Barreto1905-37FotigalWakaFloriano BarretoUday BhembréKonkanikananan LabaraiAlfredo BragançaFotigalWakaLuís de Menezes Bragança1878–1938FotigalDan JaridaJosé Rangel1930–2004FotigalWaka Har ila yau, mai mallakar ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun injinan bugu na Goa da gidajen wallafe-wallafen Tipografia Rangel.Mário da Silva CoelhoFotigalWakaJosé da Silva Coelho1889–1944FotigalKananan LabaraiGoa mafi kyawun marubucin almara na harshen Portuguese.Alvaro da Costa FotigalDan JaridaSuneeta Peres Da Costa1976-TuranciAlmaraMarubuciya 'yar Australiya ce ta zuriyar Goan, an lura da ita don aikinta na gida.Amadeo Prazeres da CostaFotigalDan JaridaFrancisco João "GIP" da Costa1859–1900FotigalKananan LabaraiOrlando Costa1929–2006FotigalWaka da RubutuMaria Aurora CoutoTuranciAlmaraJoao da Veiga Coutinho1918–2015TuranciAn lura don Wani nau'in Rashi: Rayuwa a cikin Inuwar Tarihi.Nandita da CunhaTuranciAlmaraAnanta Rau Sar Dessai 1910FotigalWakaFitaccen marubucin Fotigal na Goa a tsakiyar karni na ashirin.Vimala Devi (pseudonym of Teresa de Almeida)1932-Portuguese, Catalan, EsperantoFitaccen mai sukar adabi na Lusophone Goan kuma babban marubuci.Paulino Dias1874–1919Sonia Faleiro1977-TuranciAgostinho Fernandes1932–2015FotigalRubutuMawallafin mabuɗin labari bayan samun yancin kai, Bodki (1962).Caridade Damaciano Fernandes1904–1948KonkaniRubutuMawallafin almara na farko a Konkani.Joseph Furtado1872–1947Turanci,
FotigalWakaPhilip FurtadoShenoi Goembab1877–1946KonkaniFassaran Wakoki António (J. Anthony) GomesTuranciWakaMawallafin waƙa na New York: hangen nesa daga Grymes Hill da kuma wani littafi mai ban sha'awa, The Sting of Peppercorns, wanda Goa 1556 ya buga, Mirrored Reflection (tarin wakoki) wanda Goa 1556 & Fundacao Oriente ya buga, 2013.Francisco Luis Gomes1829–1869FotigalMawallafin marubucin Goan na farko.Olivinho Gomes1943–2009Konkani, 
Fotigal
,TuranciWaka, Da rubutuJúlio Gonçalves1846–1896FotigalKananan LabaraiMariano GraciasRavindra Kelekar1925–2010KonkaniAlamaraAmita Kanekar1965-TuranciRubutuViolet Dias Lannoy1925–1973TuranciKananan rubutuLino Leitão1930–2008TuranciKananan Labaraitushen a Arewacin AmurkaFanchu Loyola1891–1973FotigalDan JaridaDaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar 'yancin kai na Goa.Lambert Mascarenhas 1914–2021TuranciMargaret MascarenhasTuranciAlmaraTelo Mascarenhas1899–1979FotigalDan JaridaDamodar Mauzo1944-KonkaniAlmaraNascimento Mendonça1884–1927FotigalTa hanyar Mythical Ayodhya.Armando Menezes1902–1983Dom Morães1938–2004TuranciWakaPundalik Naik1952-KonkaniMarubuciYa rubuta novel Konkani na farko da za a fassara shi zuwa Turanci.Peter Nazareth1940-TuranciAlmaraWani marubucin Goan daga Uganda, wanda aka lura da shi don labari The General Is Up tare da sukar wallafe-wallafe.Alberto de Noronha1920–2006FotigalFassaraCarmo NoronhaFotigalAyyuka sun haɗa da Contracorrente (Panjim, Goa: 1991) da Escalvando na Belga (Panjim. Goa: 1993).Frederick Noronha1963TuranciDan JaridaLeslie de NoronhaTuranciAlmaraEpitácio Pais1928–2009FotigalKananan LabaraiR. V. Pandit 1917–1990Marathi, Konkani, 
FotigalWakaMafi yawansu sun yi bikin ne saboda ɗimbin ayyukan waƙarsa a Konkani.Prakash S. PariekarFotigalVasco Pinho1942-Floriano PintoFotigalWakaJerry Pinto1966-TuranciWakaVictor Rangel Ribeiro1925-TuranciAlmaraLeopoldo da RochaFotigalMawallafin Casa Grande e Outras Recordações de um velho Goês (Lisbon: Vega, 2008).Maria Elsa da Rocha1924–2007FotigalKananan LabaraiAlberto de Meneses Rodrigues1904–1971FotigalAlmaraAugusto do Rosário Rodrigues1910-?1999FotigalKananan LabaraiAbhay SardesaiFassara WakaManohar Sardesai FotigalWakaLaxmanrao Sardessai 1904–1986Marathi, Konkani, 
FotigalWakaAna ɗaukar ɗayan mafi kyawun marubutan Marathi na Goa.Melanie Silgardo1956-WakaFrank Simoes1937–2002TuranciYada Labarai da JaridsCarmo D'SouzaTuranciAlmaraMawallafin Identity na Angela's Goan, Portugal A cikin Neman Identity da sauran littattafai. A cikin lacca na baya-bayan nan, D'Souza da kansa ya bibiyi hotunan 'yan asalin, da tasirin Portuguese akan rubutun Goan.Eunice De Souza 1940–2017TuranciWakaMumbai na asali.S. M. Tadkodkar class="wikitable"Turanci, Konkani, Marathi 
|Bincike Akan Waka
|Mawallafin Goan Kirista Marathi Vilapika A Lokacin Karni na 17 (2010); Farfesa da Shugaban, Sashen Koyarwar Karatu da Bincike a Marathi, Jami'ar Goa.
|}

 Albarkatu don da game da marubutan Goan 

 Goa Archives
 Fundação Oriente, ƙungiyar al'adun Portuguese na tushen Panjim, wanda ya taimaka wa wasu marubuta da ƙananan tallafi na 'yan dubun rupees.
 Laburare na Jami'ar Goa: Tana da tarin tarin yawa a cikin yarukan Konkani, Marathi, Ingilishi, Fotigal, Faransanci. Yana da tsoffin rubuce-rubucen hannu, microfilms da kwafi na ƙarni na 17 a Goa.
 Laburaren Tsakiyar Jihar Goa, wanda Gwamnatin Goa ke tafiyar da shi, shine ɗakin karatu mafi tsufa a Kudancin Asiya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan ajiya da aka buga da suka shafi harsunan Goan da adabi tun ƙarni na sha bakwai.

 Goa Arts and Literary Festival 
Goa Arts and Literary Festival (GALF) biki ne mara riba wanda masu sa kai suka shirya. An gudanar da bugu na farko na GALF a cikin 2010. Bikin na kwanaki uku yana da muhawara, laccoci da tattaunawa kan fasaha, kiɗa, daukar hoto, jawo manyan masu sauraro daga ko'ina cikin duniya a Cibiyar Goa ta Duniya, Dona Paula.

Bibliography
COSTA, Aleixo Manuel da. Dicionário de literatura goesa. Instituto Cultural de Macau, Fundação Oriente, 3 v., 1997.
DEVI, Vimala, & SEABRA, Manuel de. A literatura indo-portuguesa. Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, 2 v., 1971.
NAZARETH, Peter (ed.). "Goan Literature: A Modern Reader", Journal of South Asian Literature Winter-Spring 1983.

Manazarta

"Goan Literature: A Modern Reader", Journal of South Asian Literature Winter-Spring 1983

Translated in Manohar Shetty's Ferry Crossing

 Duba 

 Konkani language
 Konkani words from other languages

 Mahadan Waje 
Goabooks site
Archive of Goan Writing in Portuguese

Category:Indian literature
Category:Culture of Goa
Category:Konkani