Harshen Venda

Venda Mutum Mu venda Mutane Wallahi Harshe Tashi venda
Venḓa or Tshivenḓa is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa and Zimbabwe. It is mutanen Venda ko Vhavenḓa da ke arewacin lardin Limpopo na Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma wasu mutanen Lemba a Afirka ta Kudu ke magana.  Yaren Tshivenda yana da alaƙa da yaren Kalanga wanda ake magana a Kudancin Afirka.  A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, an kafa Bantustan na Venda don rufe masu magana da Venda na Afirka ta Kudu..

Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a na 2011, masu magana da Venda sun mayar da hankali a cikin yankuna masu zuwa: Makhado Local Municipality, tare da mutane 350,000; Karamar Hukumar Thulamela, tare da mutane 370,000; Karamar hukumar Musina, mai mutane 35,000; da Mutale Local Municipality, mai mutane 89,000. Adadin masu magana a gundumar Vhembe a halin yanzu ya kai 844,000. A lardin Gauteng, akwai masu magana da Venda 275,000. Kasa da 10,000 sun bazu a cikin sauran ƙasar - don jimlar yawan masu magana da Venda a Afirka ta Kudu a mutane miliyan 1.2 ko kuma kawai 2.2% na yawan jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya sa Venda ya zama yare mafi ƙanƙanta na biyu a Afirka ta Kudu, bayan Ndebele. harshe, wanda adadin masu magana da miliyan 1.1. Ba a fayyace kididdigar yawan al'ummar Venda a Zimbabwe ba amma a halin yanzu tana iya kaiwa kasa da rabin miliyan. Mutanen sun taru ne a Kudancin kasar amma kuma sun bazu zuwa wasu garuruwa da garuruwa. Haka kuma akwai adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu a makwabciyar kasar Afirka ta Kudu inda suke ma'aikatan bakin haure.

 Tsarin rubutu 
Harshen Venda yana amfani da haruffan Latin tare da ƙarin karin haruffa biyar. Akwai baƙaƙen hakori guda huɗu tare da lafazin da'ira a ƙasan harafin ( ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ ) da kuma wuce gona da iri na velar ṅ . Ana amfani da haruffa biyar don rubuta wasula bakwai. Haruffa C, J da Q ana amfani da su ne kawai don kalmomi da sunaye na waje.
Harafin Venda A a B b (C c) D d Ḓ ḓ E e F f G g H h I i (J j) K ku L l Ḽ ḽ M m N n Ṋ ṋ Ƙarfafawa O o P p (Q q) R r S s T t Ṱ Ṱ ku ku V v W w X x Yi y Z z
letter(s)value(s) in IPAnotesa, bbvbw or Varies by dialectddzdzhSimilar to English "j"dzwḓe, ffhgh, Pronounced  before e.hwij[j]In the word Jerusalemakkhkhwlḽm, M is syllabic , when the following syllable begins with m.n, N is syllabic when the following syllable begins with n.ngnynzṋṅṅwo, pphpfpfhrsshswtththsthshtstshtswtyṱṱhuvvhwxSimilar to the ch in Scottish loch.xwyzzhzw

 Unicode 
Karin haruffa suna da sunayen Unicode masu zuwa:

 Ḓ U+1E12 LATIN BABBAN WASIQA D TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 ḓ U+1E13 LATIN KARAMAR WASIKAR D T TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 Ḽ U+1E3C LATIN BABBAN WASIKAR L TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 ḽ U+1E3D LATIN KARAMAR WASIKAR L TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 U+1E44 LATIN BABBAN WASIQA N MAI DOT A SAMA.
 U+1E45 KARAMAR WASIKAR LATIN N MAI DOT A SAMA
 Ṋ U+1E4A LATIN BABBAN WASIQA N TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 U+1E4B LATIN KARAMAR WASIKAR N TARE DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 Ṱ U+1E70 LATIN BABBAN WASIQA T T DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.
 U+1E71 LATIN KARAMAR WASIQA T DA CIRCUMFLEX A KASA.

 Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo 
Tsarin rubutun sintu Isibheqe Sohlamvu/ Ditema tsa Dinoko, wanda aka sani da fasaha a Venda kamar yadda Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo, kuma ana amfani da shi don harshen Venda.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Ƙaunar "saki"none|thumb| [t̪ʼaːɽa] tala "jawo layi"none|thumb| [t'aːɽa]

 Fassarar sauti 
Venda ya bambanta hakori ṱ, ṱh, ḓ, ṋ, ḽ daga alveolar t, th, d, n, l da (kamar a Ewe ) labiodental f, v daga bilabial fh, vh (biyu na ƙarshe sun ɗan zagaye ). Babu dannawa. Kamar yadda a cikin wasu harsunan Afirka ta Kudu kamar Zulu, ph, ṱh, th, kh suna da sha'awar kuma "launi" yana tsayawa p, ṱ, t, da k ba su da ƙarfi .

 Wasula 
Akwai sautunan wasali guda biyar:
+ Gaba Baya Kusa i u Tsakar ɛ ɔ Bude a

 Consonants 
 Bilabial Labio-<br id="mwAlo"><br><br><br></br> hakori Dental Alveolar Palatal /</br> Bayan-<br id="mwAmM"><br><br><br></br> alveolar Velar Glottal a fili lab. dan uwa a fili sib. lab. dan uwa a fili lab. Nasal m mʲ ( ɱ ) n̪ n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ M /</br> Haɗin kai m pʼ pʷʼ pʲʼ p̪fʼ t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ tsʷʼ tʲʼ tʃʼ kʼ m pʰ pʷʰ pʲʰ  t̪ʰ tʰ    kʰ murya b bʷ bʲ b̪v d̪ d dz dzʷ dʲ dʒ ɡ Ƙarfafawa mara murya ɸ f s sʷ ʃ x h murya β v z zʷ ʒ  Kusanci l̪ l j w Rhotic murya r kada ɺ
Labiodental hanci  sauti yana bayyana a cikin sautin baƙar fata da aka riga aka shigar. Sautunan labiovelar suna faruwa azaman madadin sautunan labiopalatal kuma ana iya kiran su </link> . [4] Ƙarfafa na  yana faruwa bayan prefixes na hanci, mai yuwuwa  . Jeff Mielke, 2008. The emergence of distinctive features, p 139ff

 Sautuna 
Venda yana da ƙayyadadden sautin, HIGH, tare da kalmomin da ba su da alama suna da ƙaramin sautin. Sautin faɗuwar sauti yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin jeri na fiye da wasali ɗaya ko akan maɗaukakin sauti idan wasalin ya yi tsayi. Samfuran sautin sauti suna wanzuwa daban-daban daga baƙaƙe da wasulan kalma don haka sautunan kalmomi ne. Sautin Venda kuma yana bin ka'idar Meeussen : lokacin da kalmar da ta fara da babban sautin ta gabace ta da wannan babban sautin, sautin na farko ya ɓace. (Wato, ba za a iya samun manyan sautuna masu maɗaukaki biyu masu maƙwabtaka a cikin kalma ba, amma babban sautin yana yaɗuwa gabaɗaya zuwa maɗaukakin maɗaukakin maɗaukaki ("ƙananan" -tone). ) Akwai ƴan sifofi kaɗan kawai a cikin kalmomin Venda (babu sautin, sautin babban sautin guda ɗaya akan wasu harafi, manyan sautuna biyu waɗanda ba kusa da su ba), waɗanda ke aiki kamar haka:
Kalma Tsarin Bayan L Bayan H Bayanan kula tamana ---. tam: na tama: na Sautin mara alama (ƙananan) ana ɗaga shi bayan babban sautin. Wato sautin da ya gabata yana bazuwa. dukana -.-. H duwa:na duk: na Babban sautin da ya gabata yana bazuwa amma yana faɗuwa kafin babban sautin ƙarshe na ƙarshe. danana -. H.- dana:na dana: na Farar ya hau kan sigar tonic, kuma babban sautin da ba na gaba ba yana haɗuwa a ciki. phama -. H.- phapha:na pha:na madzhie H.- má:dzíè ma: dzhì Babban sautin farko yana bazuwa. Tare da babban sautin da ya gabata nan da nan, wannan sautin na farko ya ɓace.</br> (Sautin da ya gabata shima yana yadawa amma bai zuwa ba.) dakalo H. -.- daka:lò daka:lò kyau H.-.H kyau:la ku:la

 Manazarta 

 Sources 



 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 


 Jagoran nahawu na Tshivenḓa na Zach Gershkoff, US Peace Corps (2012).
 PanAfrican L10n shafi akan Venda
 Kamus na matasa kasahorow in Venda 

 Software 

 Archived Translate.org.za    Aikin fassara Kyauta da Buɗe Software zuwa duk yarukan hukuma na Afirka ta Kudu, gami da Venda