Harshen Arewacin Ndebele

Harshen Ndebele Mutum inndebele Mutane amaNdebele (prev. Matabele) Harshe isNdebele
Arewacin  Ndebele English:  Turanci : / ɛndə ˈbiːliː / ) , kuma ana kiransa Ndebele, isiNdebele saseNyakatho, Ndebele na Zimbabwe   ko North Ndebele,   hade da kalmar Matabele, shine yaren Bantu da mutanen Northern Ndebele ke magana wanda ke cikin rukunin harsunan Nguni .

Ndebele kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don yin nuni ga tarin al'adun Afirka daban-daban a Zimbabwe . Wataƙila ta hanyar tsoho ya zama 'harshe' (don rashin ingantaccen kalma)  Mzilikazi ke magana .  A matsayin harshe, ba ya kama da yaren Ndebele da ake magana da shi a kwaNdebele a Afirka ta Kudu ko da yake, kamar yawancin yarukan Nguni, za a raba wasu kalmomi. Da yawa daga cikin ƴan ƙasar da Matabele suka yi wa mulkin mallaka an haɗa su cikin masarautar Mzilikazi don ƙirƙirar sigar isiZulu. Mutanen Matebele na Zimbabwe sun fito ne daga mabiyan shugaban Zulu Mzilikazi (daya daga cikin manyan sarakunan Zulu na Sarki Shaka ), wanda ya bar masarautar Zulu a farkon karni na 19, lokacin Mfecane, ya isa Zimbabwe ta yau a 1839.

Ko da yake akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin nahawu, ƙamus da kalmomin shiga tsakanin Zulu da Northern Ndebele, harsunan biyu suna raba fiye da kashi 85% na ƙamus. Langa Khumalo, “Language Contact and Lexical Change: A Lexicographical Terminographical Interface in Zimbabwean Ndebele,” Lexikos 14, no. 108 (2004). Ga fitattun masana harsunan Nguni kamar Anthony Trevor Cope da Cyril Nyembezi, Northern Ndebele yare ne na Zulu. Ga wasu kamar Langa Khumalo, harshe ne. Bambance tsakanin harshe da yare ga nau'ikan harshe masu kama da juna yana da wuyar gaske, tare da yanke shawarar sau da yawa ba bisa ƙa'idodin harshe na haƙiƙa ba amma akan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, galibi ana siyasantar da su. Anthony Cope, “A Consolidated Classification of the Bantu Languages,” African Studies 30, nos. 3–4 1971): 213–36. Nyembezi, C.L.S., 1957.  D.K. Rycroft “Ndebele and Zulu: Some Phonetic and Tonal Comparisons,” Zambezia, no. 2 (1980): 109–28.

Arewacin Ndebele da Kudancin Ndebele (ko Transvaal Ndebele), wanda ake magana a Afirka ta Kudu, harsuna ne daban amma masu alaƙa da ɗanɗano na fahimtar juna, kodayake na farko yana da alaƙa da Zulu. Kudancin Ndebele, yayin da yake kiyaye tushen sa na Nguni, harsunan Sotho sun yi tasiri a kan su. 

 Fassarar sauti 

 Consonants 
+Northern Ndebele consonantsBilabialLabio-<br id="mwVA"><br>dentalDental/alveolarPost-<br id="mwWw"><br>alveolar/Palatal<b id="mwYA">Velar</b>GlottalcentrallateralNasalplain    depressed    Plosiveejective   voiced   aspirated   prenasalized   prenasalized (vd.)   Affricateejective   aspirated  voiced prenasalized ejective   prenasalized voiced Fricativeplain     voiced (depr.)    ( )( )voiced (non-depr.)  ( )prenasalized   prenasalized (vd.)   Sonorantplain    depressed   
Yawancin sautunan baƙar fata na iya haifar da baƙin ciki (ko numfashi) allophones. Alveolar consonants, t, d, da n, maiyuwa sun yi haƙoran haƙora na  . Consonants k da h na iya haifar da allophones na  kuma  .

Ndebele /t͡ʃ/ gabaɗaya yayi daidai da Zulu /ʃ/. D.K. Rycroft “Ndebele and Zulu: Some Phonetic and Tonal Comparisons,” Zambezia, no. 2 (1980): 109–28.

 Danna baƙaƙe 
+Northern Ndebele yana dannawa Denti-alveolar Bayan alveolar tsakiya na gefe Danna tenuis kǀ ⟨ c ⟩ k! ⟨ ⟩ kǁ ⟨ x ⟩ m kǀʰ ⟨ ch ⟩ k!ʰ ⟨ qh ⟩ kǁʰ ⟨ xh ⟩ tawayar ɡǀʱ ⟨ gc ⟩ ɡ!ʱ ⟨ gq ⟩ ɡǁʱ ⟨ gx ⟩ nasalized ŋǀ ⟨ nc ⟩ ŋ! ⟨ nq ⟩ ŋǁ ⟨ ⟩ nasalized (depr.) ŋǀʱ ⟨ ngc ⟩ ŋ!ʱ ⟨ ngq ⟩ ŋǁʱ ⟨ ngx ⟩
A Arewacin Ndebele, akwai baƙaƙe guda goma sha biyar .

Dannawa guda biyar da aka rubuta da c  ana yin su ta hanyar sanya gefen harshe a kan manyan haƙora na gaba da ƙuƙumma, tsakiyar harshen ya baci kuma ana ja da ƙarshen harshe a baya. Sakamakon sauti yana kama da sautin da ake amfani da shi a cikin Ingilishi don bayyana bacin rai. Shenk, J.R. A New Ndebele Grammar Wasu misalan su ne cina (ƙarshen), cela (tambaya). NorthernNdebele at blogspot.com

Dannawa guda biyar an rubuta da q  ana yin su ta hanyar ɗaga bayan harshe don taɓa lallausan ɓangarorin da kuma taɓa ƙusoshin da gefuna da gefen harshe. Tsakiyar harshe ya baci kuma an zare tip da sauri daga danko. Sakamakon sauti yana kama da "pop" da aka ji lokacin da sauri cire kwalabe daga kwalban. Shenk, J.R. A New Ndebele Grammar Wasu misalan sune qalisa (fara), qeda (gama). NorthernNdebele at blogspot.com

Matsa guda biyar da aka rubuta da x  ana yin ta ne ta hanyar sanya harshe ta yadda bayan harshen ya taɓa ɓacin rai mai laushi sannan kuma gefuna da gefen harshe suna taɓa ƙuƙumma. Daya gefen harshe yana da sauri janye daga gumi. Shenk, J.R. A New Ndebele Grammar Wasu misalan su ne xoxa (tattaunawa), ixoxo (frog). NorthernNdebele at blogspot.com

 Wasula 
Akwai wayoyi guda biyar, waɗanda aka rubuta da haruffan a, e, i, o, u .

 a suna  , kusan kamar uba; misali abantwana (yara)
 e ana kiransa  ko  , wani lokacin kamar e a kan gado; misali emoyeni (a cikin iska)
 ana furta min  , kamar ee in gani; misali siza (taimako)
 ana furta  ko  , wani lokacin kamar o a kashi; misali okhokho (kakanni)
 ana furta ku  , kamar oo in an jima; misali umuntu (mutum)

 Misalai 
Watanni a Arewa da Kudancin Ndebele
Turanci Northern Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Kudancin Ndebele (Afirka ta Kudu) Zulu (Afirka ta Kudu) Janairu uZibandlela uTjhirhweni uMasingane Fabrairu uhlolanja uMhlolanja uhlolanja Maris uBimbito untaka uNdasa Afrilu uMabasa uSihlabantangana Umbasa Mayu uNkwenkwezi uMrhayili UNhlab Yuni uhlangula uMgwengweni UNhlangulana Yuli uNtulikazi uVelabahlinze uNtulikazi Agusta uNcwabakazi uRhoboyi UNcwaba Satumba uMpandula uKhukhulamungu ku Mandulo Oktoba uMfumfu uSewula uMfumfu Nuwamba uLwazi uSinyikhaba uLwazi Disamba uMpalakazi uNobayeni uZibandlela

 Nahawu 
Nahawun Ndebele yayi kama da na Zulu, tare da wasu bambance-bambance. Arewacin Ndebele yare ne na Nguni kuma yana iya fahimtar juna tare da Swati da Xhosa, yana da sautunan danna sau da yawa kama na harsunan Kudancin Afirka wanda ya fi girma a Gabashin Cape.

 Sunaye 
Sunan Ndebele na Arewa ya ƙunshi sassa biyu masu mahimmanci, prefix da tushe. Yin amfani da prefixes, ana iya haɗa sunaye zuwa azuzuwan suna, waɗanda aka ƙidaya su a jere, don sauƙaƙe kwatanta da sauran harsunan Bantu .

Tebu mai zuwa yana ba da bayyani na azuzuwan suna na Ndebele na Arewa, wanda aka tsara bisa ga nau'i-nau'i-ɗaya-jam'i.
Class Mufuradi Jam'i 1/2 ku- 1 aba-, abi- 1 a/2a ku - o- 3/4 ku- 1 imi- 5/6 i-, ina- ama- 7/8 ni (i) zo (i) 9/10 in- iziN- 11/10 u-, ulu- 14 ubu-, ub-, utsh- 15 uku- 17 uku-
1 umu- yana maye gurbin um- kafin tsiron monosyllabic, misali umu ntu (mutum).

 Kalmomi 
Ana yiwa fi'ili alama tare da prefixes masu zuwa cikin yarjejeniya da ajin suna na jigo da abin:
Mutum/</br> Class Alamar magana Alamar abu Waka ta farko. ngi- -ngi- Waka ta 2. ku - -wu- 1st plur. si- -si- Na biyu plur. li- -li- 1 ku - -mu (ku) 2 ba- -ba- 3 ku - -mu (ku) 4 i- - yi- 5 li- -li- 6 a- -wa- 7 si- -si- 8 zi- -zi- 9 i- - yi- 10 zi- -zi- 11 lu - -lu- 14 bu- - ba- 15 ku- -ku- 17 ku- -ku- reflexive -zi-
Yayin da yarjejeniyar batu-fi'ili ya zama wajibi, alamar abu ba ta zama ba, kuma tana bayyana ne kawai lokacin da aka ba da abu a cikin jawabin.  Alamar abu tana maƙala kusa da tushen fi’ili idan ya faru (tare da waɗannan bayanan: A - ƙara wasali; 1 - prefix na aji 1, da sauransu; 1s - yarjejeniyar jigo na 1, da sauransu; FUT - gaba; 1o - aji. Alamar abu 1, da sauransu):

Akwai shaida daga Zulu cewa alamomin abu juyin halitta ne na ƙayyadaddun bayanai don zama alamomin yarjejeniya,  wanda kuma zai iya zama yanayin Northern Ndebele, idan aka yi la'akari da kamancen harshe tsakanin harsuna.

 Duba kuma 


 Matabele
 Zulu harshe
 Yaren Kudancin Ndebele
 Lardunan Zimbabwe
 Matabeleland North
 Matabeleland South
 Bulawayo

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 Northern Ndebele don Mafari
 Yi magana Ndebele
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