Yaren Mono (California)

Mono (/ˈmOʊnOʊ/ MOH-noh) yare ne na asalin ƙasar Amirka na ƙungiyar Numic na yarukan Uto-Aztecan, harshen kakannin Mutanen Mono. Mono ya ƙunshi yaruka biyu, Gabas da Yamma. Ana amfani "Mono." Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley. 2009-2010 (retrieved 6 May 2010) sunan "Monachi" ne don ambaton Yammacin Mono da "Owens Valley Paiute" don ambaton Gabashin Mono. A cikin 1925, Alfred Kroeber ya kiyasta cewa Mono yana da masu magana 3,000 zuwa 4,000. Hinton, 30, tsofaffi 37 ne kawai suka yi magana da Mono a matsayin yarensu na farko. UNESCO ta rarraba shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai. Ana magana da shi a kudancin Sierra Nevada, da Mono Basin, da kuma Owens Valley na tsakiyar gabashin California. Mono yana Sheldon Klein. 1959. Comparative Mono-Kawaiisu. International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 25, No. 4 (Oct., 1959), pp. 233-238 alaƙa da Arewacin Paiute; waɗannan biyun an rarraba su a matsayin ƙungiyar Yammacin reshen Numic na Iyalin yaren Uto-Aztecan.  [2]

 Yammacin Mono 
Adadin masu magana da 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin 1994 ya kasance daga 37 zuwa 41. Yawancin masu magana sun fito ne daga Northfork Rancheria da al'ummar Auberry. Big Sandy Rancheria Hinton, 30 Dunlap suna da masu magana daga 12 zuwa 14. Northfork Mono suna haɓaka ƙamus, kuma duka biyu da Big Sandy Rancheria suna ba da darussan harshe. Duk Miller 101 yake ba duka ba ne gaba ɗaya, kusan mambobi 100 na Northfork suna da "wasu umarni na harshe". [1] A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Lamb ya tattara ƙamus da ƙamus na Northforki Mono. Hinton, 31 Loether, Christopher. 1993. "Nɨ-ɨ-mɨna Ahubiya: Western Mono Song Genres". Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 15, No. 1 (1993), pp. 48-57Loether, Christopher. 1998. "Yokuts and Miwok Loan Words in Western Mono" in The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright. Jane H. Hill, P. J. Mistry, Lyle Campbell (eds). Walter de Gruyter, 1998 Mono Paul V. Kroskrity and Gregory A. Reinhardt. 1985. On Spanish Loans in Western Mono International Journal of American Linguistics Vol. 51, No. 2 (Apr., 1985), pp. 231-237 Yamma yana da kalmomin aro na Mutanen Espanya da suka fara ne a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Mutanenaniya na California, [1] da kuma kalmomin aro daga Yokuts da Miwok. II

 Owens Valley Paiute 
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, kimanin mutane 50 ne suka yi magana da harshen Owens Valley Paiute, wanda aka fi sani da Eastern Mono . Hinton, 30 Akwai darussan harshe Hinton, 31 al'ada kuma mawaƙa suna riƙe da waƙoƙin harshe na asali. Miller, 98 harshe Sydney Lamb ya yi nazarin wannan harshe a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma ya ba da shawarar sunan Paviotso, amma ba a karɓa sosai ba. 
The Handbook of Indians of California, by A. L. Kroeber (1919) says that the Owens Valley Paiutes Are Northern Paiute or Mono/Bannock.

 Fonoems 

 Sautin sautin 
gabatsakiyabayaBabbaiƘariuBa-High bada kumaao

 Hakanan ana rarraba tsawon sautin daidai tsakanin yarukan.

 Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi 
Da ke ƙasa an ba da lissafin sauti na Northfork Western Mono da Owens Valley Paiute kamar yadda Lamb (1958) da Liljeblad & Fowler (1986) suka gabatar.
+'anar Yammacin Mono [1]BiyuwaCoronalPalatalVelarRashin ƙarfiGishirifiliLab.filiLab.HancimnPlosiveptkkwqqwʔRashin lafiyatsFricativesxhSemivoweljw

+'anar Gabas ta Tsakiya [1]BiyuwaCoronalPalatalVelarGishirifiliLab.HancimnŋŋwPlosiveptkkwʔRashin lafiyatstʃFricativeshSemivoweljw

 Sautunan da aka yi da su na plosives, hanci da fricatives suma ana rarraba su daidai.

 Ƙaddamarwa 
Lamb (1958) ya kuma bayyana siffofi huɗu na sama da wanda ya ba da matsayi na sauti.

 Yanayin Yanayi 
Mono yare ne mai haɗuwa, wanda kalmomi ke amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don dalilai daban-daban tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka haɗa tare.

 Dubi kuma 

 Labaran gargajiya na Mono

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Tushen 

 Hinton, Leanne. Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages . Berkeley: Littattafan Heyday, 1994.   ISBN 0-930588-62-2. 
 Miller, Wick R. "Harsunan Lissafi. " Littafin Indiyawan Arewacin Amurka: Great Basin, Volume 11. Washington, DC: Cibiyar Smithsonian, 1986.   ISBN 978-0-16-004581-3. 



 Ƙarin karantawa 





 Sabunta harshe 





 Haɗin waje 


 Bayani game da yaren Mono a Binciken California da Sauran Harsunan Indiya

 Albarkatun OLAC a ciki da kuma game da harshen Mono
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba