Harshen Malay

Harshen yana da yawa, watau, an daidaita nau'ikansa da yawa a matsayin harshen ƙasa (bahasafundsaan ko bahasa nasional) na jihohin kasashe da yawa tare da sunayen hukuma daban-daban: a Malaysia, an sanya shi a matsayin ko dai  ("Malaysian") ko kuma ("Harshe na Malay"); a Indonesia, an sanya wani nau'ikan ƙa'ikan ƙa-ida mai zaman kansa da ake kira Bahasa ("Indonesia") zuwa yankunan Indiya da kuma Yammacin Malay (Malay)  Yammacin yankin Malay) inda aka ƙuntata zuwa Yammacin Yammacin Indiyawan Yammacin "Malay" da Yammacin" ( ; , Jawi: ) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is Malayalso spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people (including 260 million as "Indonesian") across Maritime Southeast Asia.  Harshen Malay yana ƙarewa saboda yaren Swahili.

Malay na gargajiya, wanda kuma ake kira Kotun Malay, shine ma'auni na wallafe-wallafen Malacca da Johor Sultanates kafin mulkin mallaka don haka ana kiran yaren Malacca, Johor ko Riau Malay (ko haɗuwa daban-daban na waɗancan sunayen) don rarrabe shi daga sauran Harsunan Malay. A cewar Ethnologue 16, da yawa daga cikin nau'ikan Malayic da suke lissafawa a halin yanzu a matsayin harsuna daban-daban, gami da nau'ikan  na Malay Peninsular, suna da alaƙa da daidaitattun Malay cewa suna iya tabbatar da cewa yare ne. Har ila yau, akwai harsunan Malay da yawa da ke da alaƙa da harshen da aka samo daga Malay na gargajiya da Makassar Malay, wanda ya zama harshe mai gauraye.

 Asalin 
Masa ilimin harsuna na tarihi na Malay sun yarda da yiwuwar asalin Malayic ya kasance a yammacin Borneo. Wani nau'in da aka sani da Proto-Malayic an yi magana a Borneo aƙalla daga 1000 KZ, an yi jayayya da shi a matsayin harshen kakannin dukkan Harsunan Malay na gaba. , Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, zuriyar yaren Proto-Austronesian, ya fara raguwa aƙalla 2000 KZ, mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon fadada Mutanen Austronesian zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya daga tsibirin Taiwan.

 Tarihi 
Tarihin harshen Malay za a iya raba shi zuwa lokuta biyar: Tsohon Malay, Lokacin Canji, Malay na gargajiya, Malay na zamani da Malay na zamani. Tsohon Malay  yi imanin cewa shi ne ainihin kakannin Malay na gargajiya.

Tsohon Malay ya rinjayi Sanskrit, harshen gargajiya na Indiya. Ana iya samun kalmomin aro na Sanskrit a cikin ƙamus na Tsohon Malay. An samo rubutun dutse na farko da aka sani a cikin Tsohon Malay a Sumatra, Indonesia, an rubuta shi a cikin Nau'ikan Pallava na haruffa na Grantha  kuma an rubuta shi ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu 683. An san shi da Rubutun Kedukan Bukit, ɗan Holland M. Batenburg ne ya gano shi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1920 a Kedukan Bukita, Kudancin Sumatra, a bakin kogin Tatang, wani yanki na Kogin Musi. Yana da karamin dutse na  in).
Manazarta
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