Harshen Moloko

Moloko (Məlokwo) harshe ne na Afro-Asiatic da ake magana da shi a arewacin Kamaru . 

Baka da ke cikin haɗari ko dai yare ne ko kuma yare mai alaƙa. 

Melokwo (masu magana da magana 8,500)  bisa ga al'ada suna zaune a cikin Moloko massif, wani yanki da ke keɓe a cikin fili, gabashin tsaunin Mandara, tsakanin Kogin Mayo-Mangafé da Kogin Mayo-Ranéo . Suna zaune a ƙauyen Mokyo da kewayen Makalingay Canton, Tokombéré arrondissement, sashen Mayo-Sava . 

Dangane da tarihin baka na yankin, al’ummomin Moloko sun kunshi kabilu daban-daban guda uku, maimakon guda daya. A lokacin mamayar Fulani a karni na 19, wadannan kungiyoyi sun nemi mafaka a kusa da dutsen Moloko, inda a karshe za su zo su yi yare daya. "Baka: a highly endangered language or northern Cameroon" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2021-04-05.

 Amfani da harshen Moloko, hulɗar harshe, da yawan harsuna 
Ƙananan masu magana da Moloko suna magana da harshe ɗaya kawai . Yawancin za su yi magana da wasu harsuna uku zuwa biyar . Wadanda ke da shekaru da yawa na ilimi kuma suna jin Faransanci . Maza sukan auri mata daga rukunin harsunan maƙwabta, don haka iyalai na iya zama masu harsuna da yawa, amma yaren da ake magana a gida sau da yawa yaren uba ne. Abokai sukan canza yare lokacin magana, watakila lokacin magana a wurare daban-daban, amma kuma kawai don haɗin gwiwa. Ana iya yin ciniki a kasuwa cikin harshen ciniki, amma mutane sun fi son yin ciniki cikin yaren mai siyarwa idan zai yiwu. Ƙwararren harshe a Moloko yana cikin haɗari ne kawai a cikin al'ummomin da Moloko ba shine yaren da ya fi girma ba, musamman a birane kamar Maroua ko Yaoundé . A cikin birane, yara suna girma a yankunan da akwai harsuna dabam-dabam, don haka suna jin Fulfulde . A irin waɗannan wurare, akwai haɗarin cewa Moloko zai ɓace a cikin ƙarni na gaba. In ba haka ba, inda mutanen Melokwo suka taru, amfani da harshen Moloko yana da ƙarfi a kowane rukunin shekaru da kuma kowane fanni na rayuwar iyali. 

 Ilimin sauti 

 Wasula 
Akwai wasali guda ɗaya mai tushe a cikin Moloko, /a/, tare da tsinkayen fage guda huɗu. Ana buƙatar shigar, ko epenthesis, na schwa, /ə/, don tarwatsa gungu na baƙaƙe waɗanda ba su da wasali. Wannan sautin epenthetic yana ba da lissafin ƙarin yuwuwar fahimtar saman guda shida. 

Matsayin epentetic, game da ko ya kamata a yi la'akari da nasa wasalin, ana jayayya. Wasu nazarce-nazarcen suna ɗaukar epentetic a matsayin wasalinsa na musamman, don haka ya mai da Moloko tsarin wasali biyu. 

Fahimtar sautin sautin biyun na iya bambanta dangane da abubuwa da yawa: tawaya, labialization (tagaye), ɓacin rai, ko kusanci ga wasu baƙaƙe. Kowane sautin waya da makamantansu an jera su a ƙasa. 

 /a/
 [a] (Babu bambanci)
 [ɔ] (Rounded)
 [ɛ] (Lafiya)
 [a] (Lokacin da yake kusa da [j])
 [a] (Lokacin da yake kusa da [w])
 [œ] (Lokacin da ke kusa da maƙallan labialized ko /j/)
 /ə/
 [ə] (Babu bambanci)
 [ʊ] (Rounded)
 [ɪ] (Lafiya)
 [i] (Lokacin da ke kusa da [j])
 [u] (Lokacin da yake kusa da [w])
 [ø] (Lokacin da ke kusa da madaidaicin labialized velar ko /j/)

 Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi 
Duk da cewa akwai wasula guda 32 a Moloko
+Wayoyin Moloko  Labial Alveolar Palatal Wuta / Glottal a fili sib. a fili lab . Nasal m n ( ŋ ) M / Haɗin kai mara murya p t ts ( tʃ ) k ku murya b d dz ( dʒ ) g gʷ prenasal . ᵐb d z ( ʒ ) ᵑg ᵑgʷ m ɓ ɗ Ƙarfafawa mara murya f Ƙaddamarwa s ( ʃ ) murya v Ɗa z ( ʒ ) h h Kusanci l j w Kaɗa ⱱ Ɗa 
Ana lura da allophone a cikin bakan gizo, alveolar sibilants / sz ts dz ⁿz/ za a iya gane sibilants postalveolar [ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ ⁿʒ], alveolar hanci /n/ an gane a matsayin velar [ŋ] kalma-ƙarshe. Glottal fricative /h/ na iya gane shi a matsayin velar [x] amma abin da aka yi la'akari da shi /hʷ/ bai bayyana an gane shi azaman velar [xʷ]

 Ilimin Halitta 

 Sunan Morphology 
Ana sanya sunaye na Moloko a shugaban jumlar suna.  Ba a sami alamomi a cikin yanayin halittar Moloko ba. Madadin haka, ana nuna alamomi ta hanyar tsari na kalma da kuma amfani da alamomi a cikin fi'ili da adpositions (gabatarwa da matsayi). 

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba