Yaren Tol

Tol (Tolpan), wanda aka fi sani da Jicaque na Gabas, Tolupan, da Torupan, kusan mutane kimanin 500 ne ke magana da shi a yankin La Montaña de la Flor a Sashen Francisco Morazán, Honduras.

 Sunan 
Masu magana da Tol suna kiran kansu da Tolpán, to amma ladinos suna kiran su Jicaques ko Turrupanes.

 Yankin da ya gabata 
An kuma yi magana da Tol a yawancin Sashen Yoro, amma an ruwaito 'yan masu magana ne kawai a cikin Kwarin Yoro a shekara ta 1974. 

An yi amfani da Tol daga Río Ulúa a yamma, zuwa Trujillo na zamani a gabas, da kuma Río Sulaco a cikin kudu. Wannan yanki ya haɗa da yankunan da ke kusa da El Progreso na zamani, La Ceiba, kuma mai yiwuwa ma San Pedro Sula. Yawancin Tolupan sun tsere daga Mutanen Espanya daga yankunan bakin teku a farkon shekarun 1800. Masu magana da Tol a La Montaña de la Flor sun tsere daga kwarin Yoro a shekara ta 1865 don kauce wa zama tilasta aiki ta hanyar gwamnan yankin (Campbell & Oltrogge 1980:206, Hagen 1943, Chapman 1978).

 Fasahar sauti 

 Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi 
BiyuwaAlveolarPalatalVelarGishiriPlosive / AfricateRashin lafiyafiliptt͡ɕkʔda ake nemaphtht͡ɕhkhfitarwapʼtʼt͡ɕʼkʼFricativeβshHancimnŋHanyar gefenlSemivowelwjj̈

 Sautin sautin 
A gabaTsakiyaKomawaKusaiƘariuTsakaninda kumaoBudea

 Harshen harshe 
Bayani mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan Haurholm-Larsen (2014). Haurholm-Larsen, Steffen. 2014. Exploring grammatical categories of Tol. Talk given at Workshop "State of the art of Mesoamerican linguistics". Leipzig.

 Tsarin mulki 
Tsarin asali na Tol shine SOV kuma harshe yana nuna tsari na ƙarshe na masu jefa ƙuri'a, watau kalmomi suna bin batun da abu, akwai postpositions maimakon prepositions, kuma haɗin kai ya bayyana a ƙarshen sassan da ke ƙasa.

 Juyawa 
Kalmomin da sunaye suna canzawa don mutum, lamba kuma, game da aikatau, lokaci, ta amfani da ma'anoni daban-daban na morpho-syntactic wanda sau da yawa yakan haɗa ma'anonin daban-daban (polyexponentiality). Waɗannan hanyoyin sun hada da, prefixing, suffixing da infixing, ablaut da matsa lamba da kuma amfani da sunayen masu zaman kansu. Ana kuma bayyana lokacin ta hanyar amfani da barbashi. Adadin yana da alama ne kawai a cikin jimloli masu suna tare da masu magana da rai. An kuma ba da wasu misalai a ƙasa.

 m-m-wayum 'mijinaw-y-ayúm 'majinka'woyúm 'mutuminmu' wayúm ' mijinta' wayúmi' wayúma 'mijinta'

 naphsü müskhé 'Ina shan ruwa'hiph üsü mu' 'kun sha ruwa'huph üsü mü 'kun sha ruwan'kuph üsü miskhékh 'mun sha ruwa'''nun üsü müskhé 'kun sha da ruwa'yuph üsü mińün 'sun sha ruwa'

Yawancin sunaye suna ɗaukar ɗaya daga cikin ƙayyadaddun guda uku: - (sV)  s, - (V) N, - (Ch) kh.

 wo-sís 'gida' (tushen: wa) 'Sith-im-ím 'avocado' (tishen: sith) khon-íkh 'gadin' (tutsi: Khan) 

Sunayen da ba sa ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun suna nufin sassan jiki da kalmomin dangi.

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba