Caribbean Hindustan

Caribbean Hindustani (  ) yaren Indo-Aryan ne wanda Indo-Caribbeans da ƴan ƙasashen Indo-Caribbean ke magana. Harshen koiné galibi ya dogara ne akan yarukan Bhojpuri da Awadhi .  Waɗannan yarukan Hindustani sune yaren da Indiyawa suka fi magana da su waɗanda suka zo ƙaura zuwa Caribbean daga Indiya a matsayin ƴan kwadago . Yana da alaƙa da Fiji Hindi da Bhojpuri-Hindustani da ake magana a Mauritius da Afirka ta Kudu .

Saboda yawancin mutane sun fito ne daga yankin Bhojpur a Bihar, Uttar Pradesh da Jharkhand, da yankin Awadh a Uttar Pradesh, Caribbean Hindustani sun fi rinjaye Bhojpuri, Awadhi da sauran yarukan Hindi - Bihari na Gabas . Hindustani ( Standard Hindi - Standard Urdu ) ita ma ta yi tasiri a harshen saboda zuwan fina-finan Bollywood, kiɗa, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai daga Indiya. Hakanan yana da ƙaramin tasiri daga Tamil da sauran harsunan Kudancin Asiya .  Har ila yau, harshen ya ari kalmomi da yawa daga Dutch da Ingilishi a cikin Suriname da Guyana, da Ingilishi da Faransanci a Trinidad da Tobago . Kalmomi da yawa na musamman ga Hindustani Caribbean an ƙirƙira su don samar da sabon yanayin da Indo-Caribbean ke rayuwa yanzu. Bayan gabatar da Standard Hindustani zuwa Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean da yawa sun ga Caribbean Hindustani a matsayin karyewar sigar Hindi, duk da haka saboda binciken ilimi daga baya an ga ya samo asali daga Bhojpuri, Awadhi, da sauran yaruka kuma a gaskiya ba haka bane. yare mai karye, amma harshensa na musamman ya samo asali ne daga yarukan Bhojpuri da Awadhi, ba yaren Khariboli ba kamar yadda Standard Hindi da Urdu suka yi, don haka aka bambanta. 

Indo-Caribbean suna magana da Hindustani na Caribbean a matsayin yare, ba tare da tushen addininsu ba. Ko da yake, 'yan Hindu sukan haɗa da ƙarin ƙamus da aka samo daga Sanskrit kuma musulmi suna haɗawa da ƙarin Farisa, Larabci, da ƙamus ɗin Turkic, kama da daidaitaccen rarraba Hindi-Urdu na harshen Hindustani . Lokacin da aka rubuta, 'yan Hindu suna amfani da rubutun Devanagari, yayin da wasu Musulmai sukan yi amfani da rubutun Perso-Larabci a cikin Nastaliq calligraphic hand bin haruffa Urdu ; a tarihi, an kuma yi amfani da rubutun Kaithi .  Koyaya, saboda raguwar harshe waɗannan rubutun ba a amfani da su sosai kuma galibi ana amfani da rubutun Latin saboda sabawa da sauƙi.

Chutney music, chutney soca, chutney parang, baithak gana, kiɗan gargajiya, kiɗan gargajiya, wasu waƙoƙin addinin Hindu, wasu waƙoƙin addini na musulmi, har ma da wasu waƙoƙin addinin Kiristanci na Indiya ana rera su a cikin Caribbean Hindustani, wani lokaci ana haɗa su da Ingilishi a cikin yankin Caribbean na Anglophone. ko Yaren mutanen Holland a cikin Suriname da Dutch Caribbean .

 Hindustani Guyana 
Caribbean Hindustani na Guyana ana kiranta da Guyanese Hindustani, Guyanese Bhojpuri, Puraniya Hindi, ko Aili Gaili . Wasu membobi ne ke magana a cikin al'ummar Indo-Guyanese 300,000, galibi daga tsofaffin zamani.  Yaren Hindustani na Nickerian- Berbician na Guyan Hindustani da Sarnami ana magana da shi a Gabashin Berbice-Corentyne a Guyana da gundumar Nickerie da ke makwabtaka da Suriname...

 Trinidadian Hindustani 
Bambancin da ake magana a cikin Trinidad da Tobago an san shi da Trinidadian Hindustani, Trinidadian Bhojpuri, Trinidadian Hindi, Indiya, Plantation Hindustani, ko Gaon ke Bolee (Maganar Kauye) .  Yawancin bakin hauren Indiya na farko sun yi magana da yarukan Bhojpuri da Awadhi, waɗanda daga baya suka zama Hindustani na Trinidadiya. A cikin 1935, fina-finan Indiya sun fara nunawa ga masu sauraro a Trinidad. Yawancin fina-finan Indiya sun kasance a cikin yaren Standard Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) kuma wannan gyare-gyaren Hindustani na Trinidadian dan kadan ta hanyar ƙara daidaitattun kalmomin Hindi da Urdu da ƙamus zuwa Hindustani na Trinidadian. Fina-finan Indiya kuma sun farfado da Hindustani tsakanin Indo-Trinidadiya da Tobagonians.  Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya da masu gidaje sun raina Hindustani da harsunan Indiyawa a Trinidad. Saboda haka, yawancin Indiyawan suna ganin ya zama yare mai karye wanda ke ajiye su cikin talauci da kuma ɗaure su a cikin filaye, kuma ba su ba da shi a matsayin yaren farko ba, amma a matsayin harshen gado, kamar yadda suka fi son Ingilishi a matsayin hanyar fita.  Kusan tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen 1960s harshen Indo-Trinidadian da Tobagonians sun canza daga Trinidadian Hindustani zuwa wani nau'in Turanci na Hindi. A yau Hindustani ta ci gaba ta hanyar nau'ikan kiɗan Indo-Trinidadiya da Tobagoniya kamar su, Bhajan, kiɗan gargajiya na Indiya, kiɗan gargajiya na Indiya, Filmi, Pichakaree, Chutney, Chutney soca, da Chutney parang . Ya zuwa 2003, akwai kusan 15,633 Indo-Trinidadian da Tobagonians waɗanda ke magana da Hindustani na Trinidadiya kuma har zuwa 2011, akwai kusan 10,000 waɗanda ke magana daidaitaccen Hindi. Yawancin Indo-Trinidadians da Tobagonians a yau suna magana da nau'in Hinglish wanda ya ƙunshi Turancin Trinidadian da Tobagonian wanda ke cike da ƙamus da ƙamus na Trinidadian Hindustani kuma yawancin Indo-Trinidadians da Tobagonians suna iya karanta jumloli ko addu'o'i a Hindustani a yau. Akwai wurare da yawa a cikin Trinidad da Tobago waɗanda ke da sunayen asalin Hindustani. Wasu jumloli da ƙamus sun ma shiga cikin babban yaren Ingilishi da Ingilishi na Creole na ƙasar.

Ba a koyar da Hindustani na Trinidadian a matsayin darasi ko kuma a yi amfani da ita azaman hanyar koyarwa a kowace makarantu. Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙarfafa ƙarnuka masu tasowa don koyon Turanci, raguwar amfani da Hindustani na Trinidadian a cikin iyalai kuma ya haɓaka, tare da yawancin Indo-Trinidadians suna amfani da kalmomin Hindu kawai lokacin magana game da abinci (musamman abincin Indo-Caribbean) ko wasu kayan gida. Harshen Hindustani kamar yadda ake koyarwa a jami'o'in Trinidad da Tobago shine Standard Hindi, tare da masu koyarwa 'yan asali ne ko kuma horar da su. 

Duk da haka, duk da raguwar yin amfani da Hindustani na Trinidadian, wasu kalmomi, musamman game da abinci da kayan gida, da kuma lakabi na iyali har zuwa wani matsayi an ci gaba da ba da su zuwa digiri daban-daban ga matasa na Indo-Trinidadians ta hanyar fallasa su. ta tsofaffin al'ummomi.       Ana bikin Ranar Hindi ta Duniya kowace shekara a ranar 10 ga Janairu tare da abubuwan da Majalisar Al'adun Indiya ta kasa, Gidauniyar Hindi Nidhi, Babban Hukumar Indiya, Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Al'adu ta Mahatma Gandhi, da Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha suka shirya. 

 Sarnami Hindustani 
Sarnami ko Sarnami Hindoestani ko Sarnami Hindustani ma'ana Surinamese Hindustani shine yare na uku mafi yawan magana a cikin Suriname bayan Yaren Holland da Sranan Tongo ( harshen harsuna biyu).  Ya haɓaka azaman haɗakar harsunan Bihari da Gabashin Hindi, musamman Bhojpuri, Awadhi, da – zuwa ƙarami - Magahi . Yawancin malamai sun yarda cewa Bhojpuri shine babban mai ba da gudummawa wajen samuwar Sarnami.  Yawanci ana magana da shi kuma a cikin Indo-Surinamese na Suriname (kimanin kashi 27% na yawan jama'a) don haka ba a ɗaukarsa a matsayin harshe na uku. Yayin da Sarnami galibi yaren sadarwa ne na yau da kullun, harshen al'adun gargajiya na al'umma shine Standard Hindi-Urdu a cikin ɗayan bambance-bambancen adabinsa: Hindi (Hindi na zamani) na Hindu, da Urdu ga Musulmai. Kwatankwacin yadda ake amfani da Patois na Jamaica ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ana ganin Jamaican Standard Turanci ko Ingilishi na Sarauniya a matsayin mafi daraja.  Baithak Gana shine shahararren nau'in kiɗan da aka rera a Sarnami Hindustani.

 Hindustani Nickerian-Berbician 
Nickerian-Berbician Hindustani, wanda kuma ake kira Nickerian Sarnami ko Berbician Hindustani, yare ne na musamman na Sarnami da Guyanese Bhojpuri-Hindustani wanda ya haɓaka a gundumar Nickerie a cikin Suriname da kuma gundumar Berbice da ke kusa da Berbice (yanzu Berbice-Corentyne ) a Guyana. a lokacin mulkin mallaka a karshen karni na 19 zuwa farkon karni na 20. Ko da yake Suriname's Nickerie da Guyana's Berbice suna cikin ƙasashe daban-daban da Kogin Courantyne ya raba, ƙungiyoyin zuriyar ma'aikatan Indiya waɗanda suka zauna a yankunan biyu sun kasance a matsayin al'ummar Indiya guda ɗaya da aure tsakanin Indiyawa daga Nickerie zuwa Indiyawa a Berbice da akasin haka sau da yawa ya faru. . Bambanci a tarihin 'yancin kai na mulkin mallaka da bayan mulkin mallaka a gundumomi biyu ya sa Indiyawa a Nickerie a Suriname suka sami damar adana yare, yayin da a Berbice a Guyana ya mutu sosai, duk da haka an shigar da kalmomi da jimloli da yawa a cikin yaren. Guyanese Turanci Creole na Berbice.  A yau sauran masu magana da harshen Hindustani na Guyana galibinsu masu magana da yaren Nickerian-Berbician saboda kwararowar mutanen Nicker a Berbice. Nickerian-Berbician Hindustani galibi ana fahimtar juna tare da Sarnami da ake magana a cikin sauran Suriname, kodayake akwai kalmomi da yawa daga Guyanese English Creole da Ingilishi . Nickerian-Berbician Hindustani suma suna iya fahimtar juna tare da Hindustani na Guyanese da ake magana a cikin sauran Guyana, amma ba kamar Suriname ba, Indiyawa a Guyana galibi sun ɗauki harshen Ingilishi na Guyana a matsayin harshensu na farko kuma tsofaffi, firistoci Hindu, da baƙi Indiya suna magana da shi galibi. daga Suriname.  

 Bincike da ƙoƙarin haɓakawa 
Motiall Rajvanshi Marhe daga Suriname, Peggy Mohan da Noor Kumar Mahabir daga Trinidad and Tobago, da Surendra Kumar Gambhir a Guyana ne suka gudanar da bincike na farko kan harshen.      Ƙoƙarin kiyaye harshen Caribbean Hindustani Inc. ke jagoranta Visham Bhimull, Sarnami Bol Inc. wanda Rajsingh Ramanjulu ke jagoranta a Suriname,  Karen Dass a Trinidad da Tobago, da Harry Hergash a Kanada wanda ya fito daga Guyana.      

 Duba kuma 

 Indo-Karibiyawa
 Fiji Hindi
 Girmama

 Bayanan kafa 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 


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