Yaren Sheng slang

Sheng cant Swahili da Ingilishi, watakila wani gauraye harshe ko creole, wanda ya samo asali ne daga cikin birane matasa na Nairobi, Kenya, kuma yawancin harsunan da ake magana a can sun rinjaye shi. Duk da yake da farko yare ne na matasa na birane, ya bazu a cikin zamantakewar al'umma da kuma ƙasa zuwa makwabta Tanzania da Uganda.

 Etimology da tarihi 
Kalmar "h">S" Eng ƙirƙira ta ne daga harsuna biyu waɗanda galibi aka samo daga: Swahili da Ingilishi. An h "h" daga tsakiyar "Swahili" saboda "Seng" zai yi kama da baƙon abu. Lambert, James.  fara rubuta kalmar ne a shekarar 1965.

Ya samo asali ne a farkon shekarun 1950 a yankin Eastlands na Nairobi (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "ƙauye", "ghetto" ko "ƙauyen gari"), Sheng yanzu ana jin sa a tsakanin direbobin Matatu / kayan aiki a duk yankin, da kuma a cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai. Yawancin kalmomin Sheng ana gabatar da su a cikin al'ummomi da makarantu daban-daban kuma masu fasahar kiɗa waɗanda suka haɗa su a cikin kalmomin su, saboda haka saurin ci gaba. Ana iya ɗauka cewa ita ce yaren farko na yawancin 'yan Kenya a cikin birane.

Kamar duk wani karin magana, matasa ne ke amfani da Sheng kuma yana daga cikin al'adun gargajiya a Kenya. Har ila yau, yana canzawa da sauri, yayin da ake motsa kalmomi cikin da kuma fita daga amfani da maganganu. Ya sami amfani mai yawa tsakanin masu fasahar hip hop kamar Kalamashaka da G.rongi a yankin Great Lakes na Afirka a cikin '90s, duka manyan da "ƙasa" (wanda kiɗan sa ya taimaka wajen yada harshe da kuma ba da gudummawa ga sauye-sauye ko sauye-shirye a cikin ƙamus na Sheng), da kuma tsakanin kusan dukkanin ɗaliban jami'a da makarantar sakandare, ba koyaushe ba a haɗa har sai Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kenya ya lura da hauhawar a cikin aji da bambancin. Masu gabatar da rediyo John Karani, Jeff Mwangemi da Prince Otach, da sauransu, sun kai shi ga al'ada ta hanyar gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na farko ta amfani da kalmomin Sheng a watsa shirye-shirye na kasa. A shekara ta 2010 kusan kowane shirin watsa labarai yana da wani nau'i na sheng shi.

Kodayake harshe, haɗin kai, da yawancin ƙamus sun samo asali ne daga Swahili, Sheng ya ranta daga harsunan wasu manyan kabilun Kenya, gami da Luhya, Gikuyu, Luo da Kamba. Ana kuma aro kalmomi daga harsunan da ba harshe na gida ba ko Ingilishi - kamar kalmar Sheng morgen "safiya" - kalmar Sheng da aka yi amfani da ita a wasu yankuna tare da irin wannan ma'anar a cikin Jamusanci.

Kalmomin Sheng na iya bambanta sosai a cikin yankuna daban-daban na Kenya da kuma yankin Great Lakes na Afirka, har ma tsakanin unguwanni a Nairobi. Matasa da yawa da ke zaune a babban birnin sau da yawa suna amfani da yaren a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun maimakon Swahili ko Ingilishi.

Yawancin Gen Z da Millennials suna sauƙin daidaitawa da wasu bambance-bambance na Sheng kamar Shembeteng, Shengilo da Shengtezo.

Amfani da dandamali na kafofin sada zumunta kamar TikTok sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Sheng.

 Sheng a cikin wallafe-wallafen 
Rubuce-rubucen amfani da Sheng a cikin wallafe-wallafen har yanzu ƙaramin abu ne. Wasu waƙoƙi a cikin mujallar wallafe-wallafen Afirka Kwani? an buga su a cikin Sheng, amma littafi na farko kuma kawai a cikin wannan harshe shine "Lafudhi hip hop poetry in Sheng" (2015), wanda G rongi ya rubuta.

 Misali na ƙamus 
ShengTuranci (ma'anar) nyukasandardungaTufafingashawankakugurabarin, barin gidajebugawawawaidhalokaciMNAI, RASRastafarianjariri, barbimutumin da ba ya magana da Sheng, mutumin da ya fito daga arzikiNgori, nomamatsalabonga (-gah), Roroa, zoza, banja, temaMaganabonga maviMagana ta yi maganaSai daibincikedoniyalidigagawasan kwaikwayoSanintafi, gudusetokawakiltarmbwaknitsalle-tsalleperembatambayadaiso, ra'ayiDuniya ((doong-gi-ah), gawia, chapia, vutiabuga (kira wani) A lokacin da aka fara amfani da shibabu girmamawa ga hakan (kada ku gane hakan) Riva, zabelabarinzama mai ban sha'awaku ji daɗiDamma, Dimbuacin abincikunshin, sandarrayuwa (wani wuri) ndeng'a, thwau, bunde, mchuma, mtoo, ridhe, fee, tokabindiga, bindigakeroma, demoabincichapaa, munde, mundez, niado, ganji, doe, keroma, cheddar / chedaz, dau, mkwanja, makwarkwar, chengkudidon haka, kioo, exsoo, ja, osshillings ɗarifinje, chuani, pachas, hamusini, nichshillings hamsinmbao, blue, mbalushillings ashirinashuu, takalma, kindee, ikongo, das, tejashillings gomaRagewasayangovo, kobole, guokoshillings biyarƊauki, ƙwai, jillshillings ɗari biyupunch, jirongoshillings ɗari biyarthao, jii (kamar harafin G), kapaa, ngiri, ngwanye, ndovu, azar, K, muti, brambadubu daya shillingsfala, mwere (mweh-reh), dwanzi, zuzuWawaye, wawaOcha, Moshatha, Shaggzsama da ƙasa, gida / yankiSai dai, sai dai, sai kuma, sai daia cikin rikici, matsalaLabariMutumin da ya yi tauriOposh, momo, fatso, bazuMutumin da ya yi ƙiba1 GBMutumin da ke da fataƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwasanyiIngiza njeve, gwayatsorata, tsorataKanjojami'in majalisa na garichapochapatingodhawando a karkashin kasamsee, mzing' kizee, mdhii, mguys, mzeiya, mtunguyaz, mzaee, morioMutum, mutumDame, mresh, supuu, msupa, manzi, bakin teku (sho-reh; daga "shawty"), msusu, mroro, mshee, totoh, yeng, mdenge, nyegz, ngusyarinya, yarinyabuda, mzae, arinzu, mzingubaYa yi amfani da shimai wuya (mai wahala) Zii, babu wani abu, yi, naha'alissafi, mat, jive, jav, buu, nganyaMatatungwai, Tire (Tea-Reh), kithuke, vela, Numba, ƙanshi, shashi, kenti, mashashola, kindukulubhangMsudimai cin amana, mai ba da labarideree, kigonyi, vanderedirebankonkodi, makanga, manumber, bayardireban bas / matatufegi, ma'aikaci, ngale, fuakasigariMzaeiyayeKarao, gova, sanse, dabba, afande, gova'yan sandaKasuwanci, hao, mbanyu, tushe, digs, guba, ndakigida, gidaMatha, mathe, mthama, masa, mondhresmace, uwaMoboch, ChinaboMa'aikaciyar gidaMbota, wochiagogombwenya, da kuma blazerrigardhafuLissafiMadda su, Madda suMai arzikimsoto, mbleina, mai wahala, mai saurin gudutalakawaKawai, Kawai, Chupritafi fatara / zama matalautaBiya, BAmai kyaumzing, fathe, mbuyu, buda, arinzu,ubamasa, mathe, mnyaka, mokoro, moda, mthama, mondhresuwandauomutum tare da
Zuriyar MaasaiMagoya bayanmutum mai asalin IngilishiMchinkumutum mai asalin kasar SinGakimutum ne na al'ummar KisiiRashin saukamutum ne na kabilar Kikuyu ta Kenya ko kuma Bantu gabaɗayaMkao, mcambodia, mndulimutum ne na kabilar Kamba ta Kenyamjaka, mjze, mjaksusmutum ne na kabilar Luo ta KenyaMbirishwani mutum ne na kabilar Giriama ta Kenyamlunjemutum ne na kabilar Luhya ta KenyaMkalemutum ne na kabilar Kalenjin ta KenyaArges, walalo, oriamutum ne na kabilun Somaliya na KenyaKaseenamiji daga kabilar Kamba ta KenyaBaite (mai suna vaite) namiji daga kabilun Meru na KenyaMuraanamiji daga kabilar Kuria ta KenyaNare (-reh)  wuta, gasaYarjejeniya, moti, murenga, dingamotaSoto (ng-gah-tah), ngede (ng-geh-deh), iroriman feturNguenos, ngwex, mwewe, ngwetes, ngokoskazaRodhiwandonjumu, njuti, ndula, magwanda, manduleng', chujatakalmaPoa, wazi, wabe, fiti, chonjosanyiubao, maido, kidaleyunwaGidauniyarbirniUaganiswautaveve, mbachu, shamba, mogoka, jabamiraakuber (-beh-r), kubz, goma sha biyu, mungich, mungiki (tauna) tabamburungokayachapa, donje, kiatu, forbes, kiraka, kubeatmummunan abufyatmahaukaci
Jarabawar Teo -Chipo, Chibaz, Jagora, Vangakwakwalwafika, Ishia, jikata, sepazuwa wani wuriKirindi, mbogitaron jama'aigiyar ƙasaɗaurin wuyannyondetsuntsayeDushkurciya / kurciyaMavi, mafi, shonde, shoi, shostefaeceswankawankaYanayi ((moh-day), odijo), ƙiyayyamalamiGida, Mtaabirni, gari, tituna, unguwachuomhanyar da za a biomoka, kukafunga,ku kasance masu arzikimzii/nomamai wuya / mara kyaumajuu, mayolo, chambele, farovaYammacin duniya / kasashen wajemlami, myurofari, CaucasianMtiaji, msororaji, mrazimutum ne mai wayo, tattletalekauzi, thegi, gondi, dingo, obe (), gwangiɓarawo, ɗan fashi, ɗan fashin, ɗan fadinauyi, githaalokaciMshikaji, bf, gfsaurayi / budurwaPasuka, Rarukadariyakarokota, goma sha biyu, kufinyilia, kutunaKu yi barci, ku yi barcinyaku, waka, washa, gwezere, Madagascar,abin sha (alcohol) kalesa, saurin gudu, tembezatafiya mai nisateibarasaTensir, mtamboRediyo / tsarin kiɗa ko wayarNangos, digitzAdadinN.B. Kalmomi a cikin ƙuƙwalwa a cikin shafi na Sheng suna nuna yadda ake furta kalmar.

 Misalan 
ShengKiswahili na yau da kullun (fassara) Turanci na yau da kullun (fassara) Umekemba gazo, radar ko fom zimekalas hadi msoto imeramba mayenx viudu.Imechapishwa magazetini ya riga ya zama tare da Wa kazi imeathiri ya zama tareJaridu sun tabbatar da cewa rashin aiki ya shafi lafiyar kwakwalwar matasa.Muizokala nikupeleke na mtara za gishagiKaribia niku kamar haka tun daga yanzuKa zo ka nuna maka yadda za ka tsira a nan.Uyo Arif ako na za ovyoYa gudu daga gare yaji yaji yaƙi.Abokinka yana son yin ban dariya!Wannan ya faru da kuma karkatar da kai!Toka humu darasani maana mwalimu akija atakuadhibu!.Ka gudu daga wannan aji saboda lokacin da malamin ya zo za a hukunta ka!Sun kasance sunaye ne, sunaye ne!Koma ya wuce da kuma wani nau'i na gaba, watakuibiaKa guji wannan hanyar tana cike da 'yan fashi da za su sace daga gare ka!Tangu Kama akanjwe anajiskia skari, lafiya!Kama alipo pata pesa, kawancen kuringaBayan ya karbi kudi Kama ya yi alfahari!Amulia har zuwa dhenga ya nich nijipin, niko kidale, mzing!Ninunulie githeri ya hamsini ta nan kuma nanShin za ku iya ganin ni shillings hamsin don sayen abinci?  (an ambaci takamaiman abincin masara da wake da aka dafa amma ainihin ma'anar ita ce farashin abin da ake la'akari da abu mafi arha a cikin kiosk na abinci) Huu msee ko magana!Ya gudu ne daga Mutuwa.Wannan mutumin wawa ne!Idan aka haɗa Chuani?Shin wani niƙa shilingi hamsini?Za ka iya ba ni shillings hamsin?Acha kubonga mavi mdhii.Sai dai ya yi amfani da shi.Ka daina magana, ɗan'uwa.Udingo ya nuna cewa ya nuna cewa shi ne ya nuna cewa yana da kyau, yana da kyau.Ufisadi da wa wa wa wa da wa da wa wa da da wa da kuma wa da waCin hanci da rashawa shine babban dalilin da ya sa yake shiga da waje da kotuna saboda zargin cin hanci da kullun na gwamnati.Ukivuta fegi utajiletea noma.Ukivuta tun daga yanzu.Idan ka sha sigari za ka shiga cikin matsala.Ku yi amfani da mace mai suna amechapa!Yule mangichana ana sura mbaya.Wannan yarinyar ba ta da kyau!Ma'anar da ba ta da kyau.Maisha ko Mawi kawai.Rayuwa mutum ne mai wahala.Kuja utugawie a nan kuma shugaban.A lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi.Ku zo ku raba burodi tare da mu.Budake alishikwa na makarao.Babake alikamatwa a cikin 'yan sanda.'Yan sanda sun kama mahaifinsa.Aliibiwa mbota na mboch.Aliibiwa saa na mjakazi.Uwargidansa ta sace agogo.Aliona magondi akaingiza njeve.Aliona mhuni akahisiYa firgita lokacin da ya ga wasu 'yan fashi.Niko mbioni Niko a cikin rago. Ina cikin gaggawa.Budake ko mzii.Babake ko mkali.Mahaifinsa yana da ƙarfi / mugunta.Walibambwa Na masanse, wakikwaria gova kuchocha.Walitiwa kizimbani bood ya kulalamikia bei ya vitu.An kama su bayan sun nuna rashin amincewa da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.Mokoro aliniwai rwabe nikamchekie ka kwota.Mamangu alinipa shilingi mia mbili nikamnunulie kilo мино ya nyama.Mahaifiyata ta ba ni shillings 200 don su je su sayi kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na nama.Alirauka gware ndo ahate mat za kwenda moshatha.Aliamka ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "Matu".Ya farka da wuri don kada ya rasa Matatu zuwa gidansa na karkara.

 Dubi kuma 

 Engsh
 Turanci na Kenya

 Manazarta 

 Ƙarin wallafe-wallafen 

 Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. da Ken Osinde . 1997. Sheng da Engsh: ci gaban lambobin da aka haɗu tsakanin matasa na birane a Kenya. Jaridar Duniya ta Sociology of Language 125 (Matsalar Harshen Harshen A Afirka ta Kudu), shafi na 45-63. 
 Barasa, Sandra Nekesa, da Maarten Mous. "Engsh, yaren matasa na tsakiya na Kenya daidai da Sheng. " Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, no. 1 (2017): 48-74.
 Beck, Rose Marie. 2015. "Sheng: wani birni iri-iri na Swahili a Kenya." Ayyukan Harshen Matasa a Afirka da Bayan, Nico Nassenstein da Andrea Hollington, (eds.) 51-79. Berlin: daga Gruyter
 Bosire, Mokaya 2009. Me ya sa kalmar Sheng ta zama ta musamman? Yin amfani da kalmomi a cikin harsuna masu gauraye. A cikin AkinloyeOjo & Lioba Moshi (Eds), Zaɓuɓɓukan Ayyuka na Taron Shekara-shekara na 39 kan Harshen Afirka, 77-85.
 Bosire, Mokaya 2006. Harsuna masu haɗuwa: Shari'ar Sheng . A cikin Olaoba F. Arasanyin & Michael A.Pemberton (Eds). Zaɓuɓɓukan Ayyuka na Taron Shekara-shekara na 36 kan ilimin harshe na Afirka, 185-193.
 Erastus, Fridah Kanana, da Ellen Hurst-Harosh. Misalai na ƙauyuka da birane a Sheng (Kenya) da Tsotsitaal (Afirka ta Kudu) . [Hasiya]
 [Hasiya] Sheng ƙamus.Buga na uku. Nairobi: Masu wallafa Ginseng.
 Fink, Teresa Kathleen. 2005. Halin da ake yi wa harsuna a Nairobi. Rashin jituwa. Jami'ar Pittsburgh.
 Githinji, Bitrus. 2005. Sheng da bambance-bambance: Ginawa da tattaunawar asalin da aka tsara. Rubuce-rubucen PhD, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan.
 Githinji, Bitrus. 2006. Bazes da Shibboleths: Bambancin Magana da Shaidar Sheng Speakers a Nairobi. Jaridar Nordic ta Nazarin Afirka 15 (4): 443-472.
 Githiora, Chege. 2002. Sheng: yaren tsara, yaren Swahili ko Creole mai tasowa? Jaridar Nazarin Al'adu ta Afirka Volume 15, Number 2, shafi na 159-181. 
 Githiora, Chege J. Sheng: tasowa na yaren Swahili na Kenya. [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
 Kanana Erastus, Fridah, da Hilda Kebeya. "Ayyuka na harshe na birane da na matasa a cikin sabbin kafofin watsa labarai: Harsunan matasa na Afirka: Sabbin kafofin watsa labarai, zane-zane da ci gaban zamantakewar harshe (2018): 15-52.
 [Hasiya] 2004. Ingancin fahimta: Abin da ya faru na Sheng a Kenya. Pragmatics 14 (1): 55-68.
 Kariuki, Annah, Fridah Erastus Kanana, da Hildah Kebeya. "Ci gaban da amfani da Sheng a cikin tallace-tallace a cikin kasuwancin da aka zaɓa a Kenya". Journal of African Cultural Studies 27, no. 2 (2015): 229-246.
 Kaviti, Lillian. "Daga Stigma zuwa Matsayi-Sheng da Engsh a cikin Yankin Harshe da Littattafai na Kenya". Matatu 46 (2015): 223ff.
 Kießling, Roland & Maarten Mous. 2004. Harsunan Matasa na Birane a Afirka. Anthropological Linguistics 46 (3): 303-341
 Sarki'ei, Kitula, da John Kobia. "Lugha Kama Kitambulisho: Changamoto ya Sheng Nchini Kenya". Nordic Journal of African Studies 16, No. 3 (2007).
 Kioko, Eric. "Mutane-mutane na yanki da 'ƙabilar' rajistar Sheng. " Ayyukan yaren matasa a Afirka da bayan (2015): 119-148.
 Mazrui, Alamin 1995. Slang da Codeswitching: Shari'ar Sheng a Kenya. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42: 168-179.
 [Hasiya] 2002. Trilingual Codeswitching a Kenya - Shaida daga Ekegusii, Kiswahili, Turanci da Sheng. Rubuce-rubucen Doctoral, Universität Hamburg .
 Momanyi, Clara. "Sakamako na'Sheng'in Koyarwar Kiswahili a Makarantu na Kenya". Journal of Pan African Studies (2009).
 Mous, Maarten, da Sandra Barasa. "Kenya: Sheng da Engsh. " A cikin Harshe na Tattaunawa da Canjin Harshe, shafuffuka na 105-124.  [Hasiya]
 Mutiga, Jayne. "Sakamako na harshe ya bazu a kan ilimin mutane: Shari'ar Sheng'in Kenya". Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa 4, no. 1 (2013): 1-15.
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 2005. A kan Lexicalization a cikin Sheng. Jaridar Nordic ta Nazarin Afirka 14 (3): 334-355.
 Samper, David. 2002. Magana da Sheng: Matsayin Harshe na Halitta a cikin Gina Gaskiya da Al'adun Matasa a Nairobi Kenya. PhD Dissertation, Jami'ar Pennsylvania.
 [Hasiya] 1987. Sheng: wasu bincike na farko a cikin harshen titin Nairobi da ya fito kwanan nan. Jaridar Anthropological Society 18 (1): 125-136.
 [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 2015. "Wasu maganganu game da fannoni na waka na Sheng". Global Repertoires and Urban Fluidity. Bayanan Duniya da Gudun Birane. Harsunan Matasa a Afirka, Nico Nassenstein da Andrea Hollington, (eds.) 227-256. Berlin: daga Gruyter

 Haɗin waje 

 Sheng - Ƙamus da Mai Fassara
 Talking Sheng: Matsayin harshe mai haɗuwa a cikin gina ainihi da al'adun matasa a Nairobi, Kenya
 Harsunan Afirka - Sheng - Turanci-Sheng/Sheng-Ingilishi lexicon