Harshen Swazi

Swazi ko siSwati yare ne na Bantu na ƙungiyar Nguni da ake magana a Eswatini (tsohon Swaziland) da Afirka ta Kudu da Mutanen Swati.  kiyasta yawan masu magana a yankin miliyan 4.7 ciki har da masu magana da harshe na farko da na biyu. Ana koyar da yaren a Eswatini da wasu makarantun Afirka ta Kudu a Mpumalanga, musamman tsoffin yankunan KaNgwane. Siswati yare ne na hukuma na Eswatini (tare da Turanci), kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna goma sha biyu na Afirka ta Kudu.

Kalmar hukuma ita ce "siSwati" tsakanin masu magana da harshen; a Turanci, Zulu, Ndebele ko Xhosa ana iya kiransa da Swazi . Siswati yana da alaƙa da sauran harsunan Tekela, kamar Phuthi da Northern Transvaal (Sumayela) Ndebele, amma kuma yana kusa da harsunan Zunda : Zulu, Southern Ndebele, Northern Ndebele, da Xhosa .

 Yaruka 
Siswati da ake magana da shi a cikin Eswatini ana iya raba shi zuwa yaruka huɗu masu dacewa da yankuna huɗu na ƙasar: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, da Shiselweni .

Siswati yana da aƙalla iri biyu: ma'auni, iri-iri masu daraja da ake magana da su a arewa, tsakiya da kudu maso yammacin ƙasar, da kuma nau'in da ba su da daraja da ake magana a wasu wurare.

A kudu mai nisa, musamman a garuruwa irin su Nhlangano da Hlatikhulu, isiZulu ya yi tasiri sosai akan yaren da ake magana da shi. Yawancin Swazis (jam'i emaSwati, liSwati guda ɗaya), gami da waɗanda ke kudu waɗanda ke jin wannan nau'in, ba sa ɗaukar shi a matsayin 'daidai' Swazi. Wannan shi ne abin da za a iya kira shi da yare na biyu a kasar. Adadin masu magana da Swazi a Afirka ta Kudu (musamman a lardin Mpumalanga, da kuma a cikin Soweto ) masu magana da harshen Eswatini Swazi suna la'akari da su don yin magana mara daidaitaccen nau'in harshe.

Ba kamar bambance-bambancen da ke kudancin Eswatini ba, nau'in Mpumalanga da alama ba su da tasiri daga Zulu, don haka ana ɗaukarsa kusa da daidaitaccen Swazi. Koyaya, ana iya bambanta wannan nau'in Mpumalanga ta hanyar innation daban-daban, kuma watakila nau'ikan sautin sauti daban-daban. Hanyoyin shigar da bayanai (da kuma hasashe na 'danniya') a cikin Mpumalanga Swazi galibi ana ɗaukar saɓani ga kunnen Swazi. Ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in Swazi na Afirka ta Kudu don nuna tasiri daga wasu harsunan Afirka ta Kudu da ake magana da su kusa da Swazi.

Wani fasali na daidaitaccen nau'in darajar Swazi (wanda ake magana a arewa da tsakiyar Eswatini) shine salon sarauta na sannu-sannu, faɗakarwa mai ƙarfi, wanda ake da'awar cewa yana jin daɗin jin daɗi ga masu sauraronsa.

 Fassarar sauti 

 Wasula 
+Wasalan Swazi Gaba Baya Kusa i u Tsakar ɛ ~ e ɔ ~ o Bude a

 Consonants 
Swazi ba ta bambanta tsakanin wuraren magana a cikin dannawa ba. Su ne hakori (kamar  ) ko kuma yana iya zama alveolar (kamar  ). Yana, duk da haka, ya bambanta biyar ko shida halaye na magana da phonation, ciki har da tenuis, apirated, murya, numfashi murya, hanci, da numfashi-muryar hanci. 
+Harshen Swazi Labial Dental /</br> Alveolar Na gefe Bayan-<br id="mwhA"><br><br><br></br> alveolar Velar Glottal a fili hanci a fili hanci Danna a fili ᵏǀ ᵑǀ m ᵏǀʰ ᵑǀʰ numfashi ᶢǀʱ ᵑǀʱ Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ~   M m pʼ tʼ kʼ~k̬m pʰ tʰ kʰnumfashi bʱ dʱ ɡʱ m ɓ  Haɗin kai mara murya  tsʼ ~ tsʰ tʃʼ kxʼ murya  dz dʒʱ  Ƙarfafawa mara murya f s ɬ ʃ h h̃ murya v z ɮ ʒ ɦ ɦ̃ Kusanci w l j
Baƙaƙe  kowanne yana da sauti biyu.  kuma  na iya faruwa duka a matsayin sautunan fitarwa,  kuma  , amma su gama-gari su ne  kuma  . Sautin  ya bambanta lokacin da a farkon mai tushe kamar  , kuma yawanci kamar  cikin kalmomi.   

 Sautin 
Swazi yana nuna sautunan saman sama guda uku: babba, tsakiya da ƙasa. Sautin ba a rubuta shi a daidaitaccen rubutun waƙa ba. A al'adance, manyan sautunan tsakiya da na tsakiya ne kawai ake ɗaukar su ta hanyar sauti, tare da ƙaramar sautin da aka tsara ta hanyar baƙar magana da ta gabata. Bradshaw (2003) duk da haka ya bayar da hujjar cewa duk sautunan guda uku sun kasance a asali.

Hanyoyin sauti da ke aiki da sauti sun haɗa da:

 Lokacin da tushe mai sautin mara girma ya karɓi prefix tare da babban sautin da ke ƙasa, wannan babban sautin yana motsawa zuwa gaban gaba (ko zuwa penult, lokacin da farkon antepenult ya zama abin damuwa).
 Yawa mai girma: duk sillabi tsakanin manyan sautuna biyu suna zama babba, muddin babu mai damuwa ya shiga tsakani. Wannan yana faruwa ba kawai kalma-ciki ba, har ma a kan iyakar kalma tsakanin kalma da abinta.

Baƙaƙen baƙin ciki duk abubuwan da aka bayyana su ne ban da  . Allophone  na  ya bayyana yana nuna halin damuwa ga wasu dokoki amma ba wasu ba. 

 Rubutun Rubutu 

 Wasula 

 a - [a]
 e - [e~e]
 ina - [i]
 o - [ɔ~o]
 ku - [ku]

 Consonants 

 b - [ɓ]
 bh - [ba]
 c - [ƙa]
 ch - [ᵏʰ]
 d - [dʱ]
 dl - [ƙa]
 dv - [dv]
 da - [dz]
 f - [f]
 g - [gʱ]
 gc - [ᶢƀʱ]
 h - [h]
 hh - [ɦ]
 hl - [ɬ]
 j - [dʒʱ]
 ku - [kʼ, k̬]
 ku - [k]
 kl - [k]
 l - [l]
 m - [m]
 mb - [mb]
 n - [n]
 nc - [ƙa]
 nch - [ᵑƀʰ]
 ndl - [ƙa]
 ng - [ŋ, ŋga]
 ngc - [ᵑƀʱ]
 nhl - [�]
 p - [ba]
 ph - [pʰ]
 q - [kʼ, k̬]
 s - [s]
 sh - [ʃ]
 t - [t']
 tf - [tf]
 ta - [tʰ]
 tj - [tʃʼ]
 ts - [tsʼ, tsʰ]
 v - [v]
 w - [w]
 da - [j]
 z - [z]
 zh - [ʒ] 

 Baƙaƙen labilised 

 dvw - [dvʷ]
 khw - [kʰʷ]
 lw - [lʷ]
 nkhw - [ᵑkʰʷ]
 ngw - [ᵑ(g)ʷ]
 sw - [sʷ]
 vw - [vʷ]

 Nahawu 

 Sunaye 
Sunan Swazi (  ) ya ƙunshi sassa biyu masu mahimmanci, prefix (  ) da kuma kara (  ). Yin amfani da prefixes, ana iya haɗa sunaye zuwa azuzuwan suna, waɗanda aka ƙidaya su a jere, don sauƙaƙe kwatanta da sauran harsunan Bantu .

Tebu mai zuwa yana ba da bayyani na azuzuwan suna Swazi, wanda aka tsara bisa ga nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i ɗaya.
Class Mufuradi Jam'i 1/2 um(u)-  ba-, ba- 1 a/2a Ø- bo- 3/4 um(u)- [lower-alpha 1] imi- 5/6 li- ema- 7/8 s(i)-  t (i)- [lower-alpha 2] 9/10 iN-  tiN- [lower-alpha 3] 11/10 ku, lw- tiN- [lower-alpha 3] 14 ba-, b-, tj- 15 ku- 17 ku-

 Kalmomi 
Verbs suna amfani da rafi masu zuwa don batun da abin:
Mutum/</br> Class Prefix Infix Waka ta farko. ngi- -ngi- Waka ta 2. ku - -wu- 1st plur. si- -si- Na biyu plur. ni- -ni- 1 ku - -mu (ku) 2 ba- -ba- 3 ku - -mu (ku) 4 i- - yi- 5 li- -li- 6 a- -wa- 7 si- -si- 8 ti- -ti- 9 i- - yi- 10 ti- -ti- 11 lu - -lu- 14 ba- - ba- 15 ku- -ku- 17 ku- -ku- reflexive -ti-

 Watanni 
ma'anar Watanni a Swazi/Swati:
Turanci Swazi/Swati Janairu nguBhimbidvwane Fabrairu yiNdlovana Maris yiNdlovulenkhulu Afrilu nguMabasa Mayu yiNkhwekhweti Yuni yiNhlaba Yuli nguKholwane Agusta iNgci Satumba ina Oktoba iMphala Nuwamba Lweti Disamba yiNgongoni

 Misalin rubutu 
Misalin rubutu mai zuwa shine Mataki na 1 na Yarjejeniyar Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya:

Bonkhe bantfu batalwa bakhululekile balingana ngalokufananako ngsitfunti nangemalungelo. Baphiwe ingcondvo nekucondza kanye nanembeza ngakoke bafanele batiphatse futsi baphatse nalabanye ngemoya webuzalwane. 

An haifi dukkan ’yan Adam ’yantattu kuma daidai suke da mutunci da hakki. Suna da hankali da lamiri kuma ya kamata su yi wa junanmu cikin ruhin ’yan’uwantaka. " 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 PanAfrican L10n shafi akan Swazi
 Tinanatelo ne Tibongo tema Swati

 Aikin fassara Software na Kyauta zuwa Swazi
 Buga Swazi na OpenOffice.org
 Mai duba rubutun Swazi don OpenOffice.org da Mozilla (na asali)
Category:Harsuna 
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba