Yaren Sikkimese

Harshen  wanda kuma ake kira Sikkimesi, Bhutia, ko Drenjongké (Tibet_script" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tibetan script" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Tibet: 9111111), _transliteration" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie: 'bras ljongs ska, THL: dren jong ke, "Rice Valley language"), "Lost Syllables and Tone Contour in Dzongkha (Bhutan)" in David Bradley, Eguénie J.A. Henderson and Martine Mazaudon, eds, Prosodic analysis and Asian linguistics: to honour R. K. Sprigg, 115-136; Pacific Linguistics, C-104, 1988 Dranjoke, Denjongka, Denzongpeke da Denzongke, na cikin Harsunan Tibeto-Burman. Har zuwa 1975 Sikkimese ba harshen rubutu ba ne. Bay samun Jihar Indiya an gabatar da harshen a matsayin batun makaranta a Sikkim kuma an haɓaka rubutun harshe.

 Rubutun 

An rubuta Sikkimese ta amfani da Rubutun Sambhota da Zhang Yeshe De Script, wanda ya gaji daga Tibet na gargajiya. Harshen Sikkimese da ƙamus sun bambanta sosai daga Classical Tibetan, duk da haka. SIL International ta bayyana tsarin rubuce-rubucen Sikkimese a matsayin "style na Bodhi".  cewar SIL, kashi 68% na Sikkimese Bhutia sun iya karatu da rubutu a rubutun Tibet a shekara ta 2001

 Tarihin rubuce-rubucen Sikkimese 
Sikkimese  cikin dangin yaren Sino-Tibetic, kuma musamman, an rarraba shi azaman yaren Tibet, wanda ya fito ne daga Tsohon Tibet. Ga mafi yawan wanzuwar yaren Sikkimese yare ne na baki, kuma ba har zuwa 1975 ba lokacin da Sikkim ya zama wani ɓangare na Indiya cewa an haɓaka harshen rubutu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Classical Tibetan shine yanayin farko don rubuce-rubuce. Bayan zama jihar Indiya, Sikkimese na ɗaya daga cikin yarukan 'yan tsiraru da yawa a yankin da za a koyar da su a makarantu a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. A sakamakon wannan, an kirkiro wani rubutu, yana karɓar gyare-gyaren rubutun Tibet. Abubuwan wallafe-wallafen farko sune littattafan makaranta  aka fassara daga Tibet, kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa za a rubuta ayyukan asali, gami da litattafai, shayari, da wasan kwaikwayo. Duk da yake jimlar adadin marubutan Sikkimese sun kai kusan 30, ana ci gaba da amfani da harshen a kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban. Ya zuwa 2021, a halin yanzu akwai jarida mai aiki, tare da wata takarda da ke da shirin sake fara bugawa. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata an buga ƙamus da yawa.  ƙarshe, "Kwamitin Ci gaban Gidan yanar gizon Hutia" yana shirin ƙaddamar da shafin yanar gizon bayanai game da harshe da mutane a nan gaba.

 Sikkim da maƙwabtanta 
Masu magana da Sikkimese na iya fahimtar wasu Dzongkha, tare da kamanceceniya na 65% tsakanin harsuna biyu. Idan aka kwatanta, Standard Tibetan, duk da haka, yana da kashi 42% kawai na kama da juna.  ila yau, yarukan Yolmowa da Tamang da ke makwabtaka sun rinjayi Sikkimese har zuwa wani mataki.

Sabo fiye da ƙarni na kusanci da masu magana da Nepali da Tibet, yawancin masu magana da Sikkimese suna amfani da waɗannan harsuna a rayuwar yau da kullun.

 Harsuna 
Harsuna galibi suna iya fahimtar juna a cikin Sikkimese kamar yadda yawancin bambance-bambance da ke akwai ƙananan ne.  daga cikin manyan bambance-bambance, duk da haka, shine rashin girmamawa a wasu ƙauyukan Arewa, wanda aka tattauna dalla-dalla a cikin wani sashi daban a ƙasa. Hakanan yana faruwa a cikin waɗannan ƙauyuka shine mafi girman bambance-bambance na yare a cikin furci da ƙamus. A yankin Bhutan mafi kusa da Sikkim, masu magana da ba na Sikkimese ba za su iya fahimtar nau'ikan Arewacin Sikkim da sauƙi fiye da yadda za su iya amfani da nau'ikan daga Yammacin Sikkam. Wani imani  na gida cewa mutanen da ke cikin waɗannan ƙauyukan Arewa sun samo asali ne daga wannan yanki a Bhutan.

 Fasahar sauti 

 Gabatarwa na Phonology 
Sikkimese yana da jimlar wasula takwas da ƙwayoyin 43 a cikin kayan aikinsa. Kalmomi a cikin Sikkimese an raba su zuwa manyan ko ƙananan rajista duk bisa ga ingancin murya da farar. Ana iya yin hasashen rajistar kalmomin Sikkimese mafi yawan lokuta bisa ga sautin farawa amma hanci da ruwa ba su da tabbas. Saboda rashin tabbas  wasu rajistar Sikkimese da rashin bambanci tsakanin muryar modal da numfashi, ana ɗaukar Sikkimense a matsayin harshe mai sautin duk da cewa sautin kansa ba ya samar da nauyin aiki kamar sauran harsuna waɗanda kuma ake la'akari da su.

Manazarta 
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba