Harshen Marathi

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Harsunan Indiyawa, gami da Marathi, waɗanda ke cikin dangin harshen Indo-Aryan an samo su daga farkon nau'ikan Prakrit. Marathi ɗaya ne daga cikin yaruka da yawa waɗanda suka ƙara saukowa daga yankin Maharashtri Prakrit. Ƙarin canje-canje ya haifar da samuwar Apabhraṃśa wanda tsohon Marath ya biyo baya manyan yarukan Marathi sune Standard Marathi da yaren Varhadi.

Marathi yana bambanta nau'ikan 'mu' masu haɗaka da keɓantacce kuma yana da tsarin nau'ikan jinsi guda uku, waɗanda ke fasalta neuter ban da na namiji da na mata. A cikin phonology, ya bambanta apico-alveolar da alveopalatal affricates da alveolar tare da retroflex laterals ([l] da [ɭ] (Haruffa Marathi ल da ळ bi da bi).

 Daular Marathi 
Marathi ya sami shahara tare da hawan daular Maratha tun daga zamanin Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. A cikin kotunsa, Shivaji Maharaj ya maye gurbin Farisa, yaren kotun gama-gari a yankin, da Marathi. Harshen Marathi da ake amfani da shi a cikin takaddun gudanarwa shima ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Yayin da a cikin 1630, 80% na ƙamus na Farisa ne, ya ragu zuwa 37% ta 1677.https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&q=Afanasy+Nikitin+bahamani&pg=PR12

 Nahawu 
Ba kamar sauran harsunan Indo-Aryan ba, Marathi ya kiyaye nau'ikan nahawu guda uku: na namiji, na mace da kuma tsaka tsaki. Tsarin kalma na farko na Marathi shine jigo-abu-fi'ili[98] Marathi yana bin tsarin rarrabuwar kawuna na yarjejeniyar fi'ili da alamar shari'a: yana da ma'ana a cikin gine-gine tare da ko dai ingantattun fi'ili masu canzawa ko kuma tare da na wajibi ("ya kamata", "samu". zuwa") kuma nadiri ne a wani wuri.[99] Wani sabon salo na Marathi, idan aka kwatanta da sauran yarukan Indo-Turai, shine yana nuna mu da keɓaɓɓu, gama gari ga harsunan Austroasiatic da Dravidian. Sauran kamanceceniya da Dravidian sun haɗa da yin amfani da yawa na gine-gine na haɗin gwiwa[97] da kuma zuwa wani ɗan lokaci amfani da karin suna na anaphoric guda biyu swətah da apəṇ.

Manazarta