Yaren afenmai

Afenmai (Afemai), Yekhee, ko Iyekhe, harshen Edoid ne da mutanen Afenmai ake magana dashi a Jihar Edo, Najeriya . Ba duk masu magana da yare ne suka san sunan Yekhee ba; wasu suna amfani da sunan gunduman Etsako .

A baya sunan da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ke amfani dashi shine Kukuruku, wanda ake zaton bayan kukan yaki "ku-ku-ruku",  yanzu ana daukar sa a matsayin wulakanci. 

Afenmai ba a saba gani ba a cikin rahotannin yana da muryar da ba ta da murya a matsayin "tsayi" daidai da "lalacin" murya ta famfo  (kwatanta  'hat' da  'louse' Laver (1994) Principles of Phonetics, p. 263. ), ko da yake shi ne sauran kwatancin an siffanta shi kawai a matsayin mai ɓarna kuma an yi nazari a matsayin "lalashi" daidai da "tsayi" mara murya  . Elimelech (1976) "A Tonal Grammar of Etsako", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 35 

Etsako, yaren Edo da kansa, yana da nasa yarukan waɗanda aka raba su zuwa yaren Iyekhe da Agbelọ, tare da yaren Iyekhe wanda akafi yin magana dashi.

 Fassarar sauti 
Wasulan sune  . Dogayen wasulan da yawan diphthong a cikin harshe an samo su ne daga jerin gajerun wasulan, galibinin su daga elision na zaɓi na  .

Afenmai yana da tsarin rikitaccen tsarin sauye-sauye na morphotonemic dangane da sautunan murya guda biyu, babba da kasa. A matakin saman akwai sautuna daban-daban guda biyar: babba, ƙasa, faɗuwa, tashi da tsakiya. Sautin tsakiya shine sakamakon saukar babban sautin bayan ƙaramin sautin. Sautunan kwane-kwane (fadowa da tashi) ko dai suna faruwa ne akan dogayen wasula ko diphthongs, daga jeri mai tsayi + ƙasa ko ƙasa + sama, ko kuma akan gajerun wasulan da aka samar daga ƙanƙantar irin wannan dogon wasali ko diphthong. Sautunan tashi ba sabon abu bane, saboda ana iya maye gurbinsu da babba, ƙasa ko tsakiyar. Elimelech (1976) "A Tonal Grammar of Etsako", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 35 

Consonants na yaren Ekpheli sune:
BL LD D Av PA Ve LV m m n (ɲ) bp t (ː) d kː ɡː k͡pː k͡p ɡ͡bː ɡ͡b  ts dz (tʃ dʒ)  fv (ː) θ s (ʃ) x zo ʋ l j w  Ɗa
An yi nazarin baƙaƙen da aka yi wa alama da dadewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da 'tense' ko 'fortis' kuma an haɗa su tare da abokan hulɗar 'lak' ko 'lenis', kodayake babu wani tushe na phonological don haɗa baƙaƙen 'dogayen' tare, ko don Haɗa su da baƙaƙe na 'gajerun'. Matsalolin da aka bayyana sune  , wanda ya ninka girman  amma in ba haka ba iri ɗaya ne a cikin spectrogram.  Hakanan suna da tsayin  sau biyu . Duk da haka, alveolar  ya dan fi tsayi fiye da hakori  , kuma yayin  ya fi  , wanda za'a sa ran ga ɓacin rai idan aka kwatanta da kusanta. Elimelech (1976) "A Tonal Grammar of Etsako", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 35 

Baƙaƙen postalveolar su ne allophone na alveolars kafin  da wani wasali, inda  in ba haka ba zai zama  , kamar yadda yake cikin  'zama karama'. Bugu da kari,  na zaɓi ya zama  kafin guda  , kamar yadda yake cikin  'alade' (  ). Sauran baƙaƙen alveolar ba su da wannan bambance-bambancen, sai dai idan an samar da yanayi mai tsawo a cikin kalma mai fa'ida:  'kaguwa' (  a cikin hanyar ambato) >  'kaguwar sarki' (  ). (Sautunan da aka rubuta tare da ⟨ ʃ ʒ ɲ ⟩ na iya kasancewa kusa da  .)

Baya ga  , waɗannan baƙaƙe sun bayyana a duk yarukan Afenmai da Elimelek ya bincika (1976).  ba ya cikin yaren Uzairue, ana maye gurbinsa da  , kuma yana da wuya a yawancin sauran yaruka.  suna fricativized zuwa  a cikin yarukan Aviele da Kudancin Uneme.  an koma zuwa  a yawancin sauran yarukan, kamar a cikin  ' hula'. Elimelech (1976) "A Tonal Grammar of Etsako", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 35 

 Rubutun Rubutu 
ABC CH DE E FG GB GH GW IJK KH KP KPH KW LM MH N NW NY O Ọ PRS SH T TH TS UV VH WY Z.

 Kalmomi 
Kalmomin Etsako sun haɗa da:
Etsako Turanci Mu! Sannu da aikatawa Abe! /Duba! Hello (Yaya yake?) Ya somi/O chi Yana da kyau. (Martani) Na gaba Barka da safiya Na ẹlẹ (Martani) Agbelọ Barka da safiya Agbe (Martani) Menene ze? Da fatan kuna lafiya. Eli Ee Kuna jin? Shin kun yi barci lafiya? A kwai Muna godiya Moo ota / Oviẹna / Togi Barka da rana Moo ogode / Obugala Barka da yamma O ki akọ / O kila akhuɛ Barka da dare (har gobe) Ku ku Barka da warhaka O ki idegbe Har sai daga baya Läkhia / Guè khia Tafi lafiya. R'elo ku egbe A kula.
Kalmomin Etsako gama gari suna nuna bambance-bambancen yare tsakanin Iyekhe da Agbelo:
Turanci Iyek Agbelo ina zuwa nace Ina bale Ina ku ke? Obo ku ya? Obo ku? Ina za ku? Obo ku? Obo ku ya? Me kuke so? Me ku ke? Me kake so? Wannan dan uwana ne Iyɔkpa mɛ ki ọna Inyɔguo m kh' ọna Ina jin yunwa Osami ò gbe mɛ Okiami o aa gbe mɛ

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Cibiyar Binciken Harshen Etsako (ELRDC) 

Category:Harsunan Nijeriya
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba