Afrobeat

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Afrobeat (wanda aka fi sani da Afrofunk) nau'Irin kiɗa ne na Najeriya wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da salon kiɗa na Yammacin Afirka daga galibi Najeriya kamar gargajiya na Yoruba da Igbo da kuma rayuwa mai girma tare da tasirin funk, jazz, da rai na Amurka. Tare Grass, Randall F. "Fela AnikulaThe Art of an Afrobeat Rebel". The Drama Review: TDR. MIT Press. 30: 131–148. mayar da hankali kan muryoyin murya, rikitarwa masu rikitarwa, da murya. Wannan salon ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 1960s daga dan wasan Najeriya da kuma jagoran ƙungiyar Fela Kuti, wanda aka fi sani da fadada salon a ciki da waje da Najeriya.  lokacin da ya shahara, an kira shi daya daga cikin "masu kalubalantar kiɗa da masu ban sha'awa" a Afirka. Grass, Randall F. "Fela AnikulaThe Art of an Afrobeat Rebel". The Drama Review: TDR. MIT Press. 30: 131–148. 

Ya bambanta da Afrobeat shine Afrobeats, haɗuwa da sautunan da suka samo asali a Yammacin Afirka a karni na 21.  yana gida tasiri daban-daban kuma haɗuwa ce mai ban sha'awa na nau'o'i kamar hip hop, house, jùjú, ndombolo, R&amp;B, soca, da Dancehall. Wadannan nau''in biyu, ko da yake sau da yawa ana haɗa su, ba daidai ba ne kamar yadda Afrobeat kawai haɗin afrobeats ne. 

alt=Seun Kuti during an Afrobeat performance|thumb|264x264px|Seun Kuti a lokacin wasan kwaikwayon Afrobeat 

 Tarihi 
Afrobeat ya samo asali ne a Najeriya a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 ta hanyar Fela Anikulapo Kuti, (an haife shi Olufela Olusegun Oludotun) wanda, tare da mawaƙa Tony Allen, ya gwada da kiɗa daban-daban na zamani na wannan lokacin. Afrobeat ya sami rinjaye ta hanyar haɗuwa da nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar highlife, fuji, da jùjú,  da kuma al'adun murya na Yoruba, rhythm, da kayan kida.   ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Kuti ya bar Legas don yin karatu a ƙasashen waje a Makarantar Kiɗa ta London inda ya ɗauki darussan piano, Da kuma murya kuma an fallasa shi ga jazz . Grass, Randall F. "Fela AnikulaThe Art of an Afrobeat Rebel". The Drama Review: TDR. MIT Press. 30: 131–148.Fela Kuti ya koma Legas kuma ya buga wasan jazz mai girma, duk da haka, ba tare da nasarar kasuwanci ba.Grass, Randall F. "Fela AnikulaThe Art of an Afrobeat Rebel". The Drama Review: TDR. MIT Press. 30: 131–148. A shekara ta 1969, Kuti da ƙungiyarsa sun tafi tafiya zuwa Amurka kuma sun sadu da wata mace mai suna Sandra Smith, mawaƙa kuma tsohon Black Panther.  Smith (wanda yanzu aka sani da Sandra Izsadore ko Sandra Akanke Isidore) ta gabatar da Kuti ga rubuce-rubuce da yawa na masu gwagwarmaya kamar Martin Luther King Jr., Angela Davis, Jesse Jackson, da kuma babban tasirinsa, Malcolm X.

Kamar yadda Kuti ke da sha'awar siyasar Afirka ta Amirka, Smith zai sanya shi aikinsa ya sanar da Kuti game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu. A sakamakon haka, Kuti za ta cika ta da al'adun Afirka. Tun lokacin da Kuti ya zauna a gidan Smith kuma ya shafe lokaci mai yawa tare da ita, sai ya fara sake kimanta nau'in kiɗansa. Wannan shine lokacin da Kuti ya fahimci cewa ba ya buga kiɗa na Afirka.  wannan rana zuwa gaba, Kuti ya canza sauti da saƙon da ke bayan kiɗansa.

Da ya isa Najeriya, Kuti ya kuma canza sunan kungiyarsa zuwa " Africa '70 ". Sabuwar sautin ta fito ne daga wani kulob da ya kafa mai suna Afrika Shrine . Kungiyar ta ci gaba da zama na tsawon shekaru biyar a Afrika Shrine daga 1970 zuwa 1975 yayin da Afrobeat ta samu ci gaba a tsakanin matasan Najeriya.  Wani mai tasiri , wani mawaki dan Najeriya ne da ke yawon shakatawa daga Paris, Faransa, tare da makadansa na Matumbo a cikin 1970s.
An haifi sunan ne daga wani yunkuri na rarrabe kiɗan Fela Kuti daga kiɗan rai na masu fasahar Amurka kamar James Brown . 

Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin waƙoƙinsa da Lagbaja sune jituwa da rhythms na Najeriya, suna ɗaukar abubuwa daban-daban da haɗuwa, sabuntawa, da inganta su. Siyasa tana da mahimmanci ga Afrobeat, saboda Kuti ta amfani da sukar zamantakewa don shirya hanyar canji. Za'a iya bayyana saƙonsa a matsayin rikici da rikici, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin siyasa na yawancin ƙasashen Afirka a cikin shekarun 1970s, da yawa daga cikinsu suna hulɗa da rashin adalci na siyasa da cin hanci da rashawa na soja yayin da suke murmurewa daga sauyawa daga gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka zuwa ƙaddamar da kai. Yayin da jinsi ya bazu a duk nahiyar Afirka, ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun ɗauki salon. Rubuce-rubucen waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da waƙoƙinsu ba a ji su ba ko kuma an fitar da su a waje da ƙasashe na asali amma yanzu ana iya samun su da yawa a kan kundin tarawa da CD daga shagunan rikodin ƙwararru. []

 Tasiri 
Yawancin mawaƙa na jazz sun janyo hankalin nau'in ƙanshi na Afrobeat. Daga Roy Ayers a cikin shekarun 1970 zuwa Randy Weston a cikin shekarun 1990, an sami haɗin gwiwa wanda ya haifar da kundin kamar Afirka: Cibiyar Duniya ta Roy Ayers, wanda aka saki a kan lakabin Polydore a 1981. A cikin 1994, Branford Marsalis, dan wasan jazz na Amurka, ya haɗa da samfurori na Fela "Beasts of No Nation" a cikin kundin Buckshot LeFonque.
Afrobeat  kuma yi tasiri sosai ga wasu muhimman masu samar da zamani da mawaƙa, kamar Brian Eno da David Byrne, waɗanda suka yaba da Fela Kuti a matsayin muhimmiyar tasiri. Dukansu sun yi aiki a kan Talking Heads 'yan wasan 1980 mai suna Remain in Light, wanda ya kawo tasirin polyrhythmic Afrobeat ga kiɗa na Yamma. Sabuwar ƙarni na DJs da mawaƙa na shekarun 2000 waɗanda suka ƙaunaci kayan Kuti da sauran sakonni masu ban sha'awa sun yi tattarawa da remixes na waɗannan rikodin, don haka sake gabatar da nau'in ga sababbin tsararraki na masu sauraro da magoya bayan Afro-pop da groove.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da farkon shekarun 2000, wani karamin Afrobeat ya fara ne a Brooklyn, New York, tare da ayyukan da suka hada da Antibalas, The Daktaris da Kokolo Afrobeat Orchestra. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wasu masu zane-zane kamar Zongo Junction sun zo wurin. Sauran mutane da yawa sun ambaci Afrobeat a matsayin tasiri kamar ƙungiyoyin Daptone Records-da ke kusa da su The Budos Band da El Michels Affair . Sashe na ƙaho na Antibalas sun kasance mawaƙa baƙi a talabijin a kan kundin Rediyo na 2008 Dear Science, da kuma kundin Burtaniya na Foals na 2008 Antidotes . Ƙarin misalai sune Val Veneto, Rediyo Bantu, Tam Tam Afrobeat, Combo Makabro, Marabunta Orquesta, Minga!, Antropofonica, Guanabana Afrobeat Orchestra, El Gran Capitan, Morbo da Mambo, Luka Afrobeat Orquesta ko NikiLauda. Ana iya samun wasu tasirin Afrobeat a cikin kiɗa na Vampire Weekend da Paul Simon . A cikin 2020, an zabi Antibalas don kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Kundin Kiɗa na Duniya. 

Masu zane-zane na Afrobeat na shekarun 2000 da yanzu, suna ci gaba da bin sawun Fela Kuti. Wasu misalai na waɗannan masu zane-zane sune 'ya'yansa  Femi Kuti da Seun Kuti,  Franck Biyong &amp; Massak (daga Kamaru), London Afrobeat Collective (daga London, Burtaniya), Segun Damisa & Afro-beat Crusaders, Shaolin Afronauts (daga Adelaide, Australia), Newen Afrobeat (daga Santiago, Chile), Eddy Taylor & the Heartphones (daga Cologne, Jamus), Bantucrew, Albinoid Afrobeat / Alboni Underground Orchestra (daga Berlin), Afrobat, Afrobat / Alboroy), Afrobet, Afrobet; Afrobat (daga Berlin, Afrobot; Afrobet), Afrobot, Afroby; Afrobot / Alboroat; Afroby, Afrobus Underbybybyby, Afrobes; Afrobus underbybyby Underbyby, West, West, Afrob, West (System, Afrobate, West, Berlin), Afroy; Afroy)    Mai zane-zane na Namibiya EES (Eric Sell) ya haɗa Afrobeat tare da reggae da Kwaito.

A shekara ta 2009, lakabin kiɗa na Knitting Factory Records (KFR) ya samar da kiɗa na BroadwayFela! Labarin ya nuna "ƙarfin zuciya da ƙwarewar kiɗa mai ban mamaki" na Kuti tare da labarin rayuwarsa. Nunin yana da zabuka 11 na Tony, yana karɓar uku don Mafi Kyawun Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawan, Mafi Kyawun Sauti da Mafi Kyawun Choreography. Fela! ya kasance a Broadway na tsawon watanni 15 kuma sanannun mutane kamar Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter da Will da Jada Pinkett-Smith ne suka samar da shi. An lura da shahararrun mutane da yawa suna halartar wasan kwaikwayon, ciki har da Denzel Washington, Madonna, Sting, Spike Lee (wanda ya gan shi sau takwas), Kofi Annan, da Michelle Obama. Michelle Williams, tsohuwar mawaƙan ƙungiyar 'yan mata Destiny's Child, an jefa ta a matsayin rawar Sandra Izsadore . 

Fela Kuti sun samo asali  daga mawaƙa daban-daban na hip-hop kamar su Missy Elliott, J. Cole, Kanye West, da kuma wasu shahararrun ayyukan kamar Beyonce.
"Festival de Afrobeat Independiente" (FAI) yana faruwa akai-akai a Buenos Aires, inda ƙungiyoyin yanki da kuma sanannun ayyukan Afrobeat ke aiki.

 Dubi kuma 

 Afrobeats
 Afroswing
 <i id="mw3A">Rashin jituwa</i> (album) 
 Waƙoƙin Latin

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Ƙarin karantawa 

 Afrobeat (BBC archived page)
 Fela Kuti coined Afrobeat in Accra out of hate for James Brown – Prof John Collins
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