Mutanen Luba

Kabilar Luba ko Baluba wata ƙungiya ce ta kabilanci da ta fito daga yankin kudu ta tsakiya na Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango . https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC Yawancin su suna zaune a wannan ƙasa, galibi suna zaune a Katanga, Kasaï, Kasaï-Oriental, Kasaï-Central, Lomami da Maniema . Baluba ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi ko dangi da yawa

Baluba ya bunƙasa al'umma da al'adu a kusan shekaru 400 AZ, daga baya suka haɓaka al'umma mai tsari a cikin Upemba  da ake kira Baluba a cikin hadakar Katanga .https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC   Al’ummar Luba ta kunshi ma’aikatan hakar ma’adinai, masu sana’a, ma’aikatan katako, masu sana’ar tukwane, masu sana’a,https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C da masu sana’o’i daban-daban.   Sun sami nasarar dangi na tsawon lokaci, amma wannan ya haifar da raguwar su a hankali tare da daulolin Portugal da Omani da suka jagoranci ko kuma suka rinjayi mamayewa .

Tarihi
Shaidun archaeological sun nuna cewa Baluba suna da ƙauyuka a kusa da tafkuna da marshes na damuwa na Upemba a karni na 5 AZ.  Shaidar da ke nuna ci gaban al'ummar Iron Age ta fito ne daga shafuka da yawa. An tsara jerin shaidun Kamilambian, Kisalian da Kabambian daga ƙarni na 5 zuwa 14, wanda ke nuna tsayayyen al'adun Luba tsawon ƙarni da yawa.   Daga cikin waɗannan, zamanin Kisalian (ƙarni na 8 zuwa 11) an samo tukwane da kayan aiki.  Abubuwan da aka gano tun kafin karni na 8 ta hanyoyin zamani na zamani sune abubuwa na ƙarfe ko tukwane, sa'an nan abubuwan jan karfe sun bayyana.http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm

Binciken binciken kayan tarihi ya nuna cewa al'ummar Luba na zaune ne a kauyuka, a cikin gidajen da aka yi da ciyayi da kwalabe, a kusa da gabar koguna da tafkuna masu yawa da aka samu a cikin Upemba Depression na Afirka ta Tsakiya.  Wannan Bacin rai a tarihi ya kasance ambaliya daga kwararar ruwa daga tsaunukan kudancin Shaba na wasu sassan shekara, jikunan ruwansa cike da tsibiran papyrus da ciyayi masu iyo, yankin ya bushe bayan damina ta kare. A matsayinsu na al’umma, al’ummar Luba sun gina madatsun ruwa da ruwa mai tsayi da tsayin daka 6 zuwa 8 ta hanyar amfani da laka, papyrus da sauran ciyayi, don inganta yanayin kasa mai dausayi na noma da kifaye a lokacin rani mai tsayi. 

Wadannan kayayyaki sun jawo sha'awa da bukatu daga kabilu masu nisa, wanda ya haifar da damar kasuwanci da 'yan kasuwa a tsakanin mutanen Luba. Wannan ciniki da duk wani aiki na tattalin arziki a kauyukan mutanen Luba suna da tsarin haraji, inda ake ba da wani kaso na farauta, kifi ko amfanin gona ga shugaban zuri'a ko mutanen da ke tsaron iyakokin. Waɗannan iyakoki ne na halitta, kamar waɗanda ruwan tafkin Upemba suka ƙirƙira, inda za su ratsa tashoshi da gadoji da ake buƙata. Ta haka ne aka sarrafa da kuma sanya harajin shi
Masarautar Luba
Kusan 1500, watakila a baya, mutanen Luba sun fara hadewa zuwa kasa daya, hade, wacce masana tarihi a yanzu suke kira daular Luba ko daular Luba .  Masarautar ta girma kuma ta zama mafi nagartaccen lokaci, ta kai kololuwarta tsakanin karni na 18 zuwa 19.   "...[I] hadewa cikin gaba gaba na fadada iyakokin kasuwancin kasa da kasa ya raba daular" tare da ci gaban cinikin bayi da hauren giwa na karni na 19 daga Belgium da shugabannin Larabawa-Swahili kamar Tippu Tip da Msiri, in ji Thomas Reefe.  

Shahararren tsarin zamantakewar zamantakewar daular Luba shine karbe iko biyu, daya na Balopwe (sarautar gado) da kuma wani majalisar sarakuna ko dattawa. Wadannan sun samar da kwanciyar hankali na gwamnati ta hanyar daidaita juna, lokacin da aka sami sabani na gado daga mutuwa ko wasu dalilai. Mutanen Lunda da ke makwabtaka da wasu kabilun ne suka amince da wannan ra'ayi.

Ba a fayyace ci gaban daular Luba da kuma yadda rayuwar mutanen Luba ke ciki ba.   Wannan wani bangare ne saboda al'ummar Luba al'ada ce ta baki gaba daya inda ilimi da rubuce-rubuce ke rike da baki ba tare da amfani da rubutu ba. Rubutun harshen Luba, mai suna kiLuba, an ƙirƙira shi ne a ƙarni na 19; don haka, an samo bayanan farko game da Daular Luba daga takardun kasashen waje.  Rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta daga baya sun nuna cewa mutanen Luba sun ƙirƙiro nagartattun al'adun adabi a kewayen tunaninsu na nagarta da mugunta, kuma sun haɗa waɗannan ra'ayoyin da ra'ayoyinsu na addini cikin tatsuniyoyinsu game da ɗabi'a da mutane masu iko.  Misali, wani tatsuniya yana da alaƙa da sarakuna biyu, ɗaya ana kiransa sarkin jajayen Nkongolo Mwamba, ɗayan kuma ana kiransa sarkin baƙar fata Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe . Bisa ga tarihin baka na mutanen Luba.

Addini
Na al`adu
Addinin addinin gargajiya na mutanen Luba sun haɗa da ra'ayin Shakapanga ko Mahaliccin Duniya, Leza ko Mafifici, duniyar halitta da kuma duniyar sama.  Duniyar allahntaka ita ce inda Bankambo (ruhohin kakanni) da Bavidye (sauran ruhohi) suka rayu,https://www.jstor.org/stable/4185640 da abin da mutum ya shiga lahira idan mutum ya yi rayuwa Mwikadilo Muyampe (rayuwar da'a).  Addinan Luba sun yarda da yiwuwar tarayya tsakanin rayayyu da matattu. https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&pg=PA356

Na kirista
Turawan mulkin mallaka da suka zo da mulkin mallaka na Beljiyam ne suka shigar da addinin Kiristanci ga mutanen Luba. Wasu daga cikin wa annan mishan, irin su William Burton, sun gudanar da bincike na kabilanci, inda suka fara da bincike mai tsauri da kuma koyar da mutanen Luba.

Turawan mulkin mallaka da suka zo da mulkin mallaka na Beljiyam ne suka shigar da addinin Kiristanci ga mutanen Luba. Wasu daga cikin wa annan mishan, irin su William Burton, sun gudanar da bincike na kabilanci, inda suka fara da bincike mai tsauri da kuma koyar da mutanen Luba.

Na Musulunci

A cewar wata majiya ta 2011, kimanin kashi 12% na Luba mabiya addinin Islama ne. Musulunci ya yadu a tsakanin Luba a cikin karni na 19 da na 20 saboda karuwar cudanya da Swahili . 

Al`adu
Mutanen Luba sun kasance suna taruwa a kauyukan kan titi guda, tare da gidaje masu rufin ciyayi guda hudu a gefen titin wadanda galibi ke da nasaba. Gidajen sun kasance a cikin savanna da dazuzzuka. Sun yi farauta, suna kamun kifi a cikin ruwa mai yawa kusa da su, suna tattara abinci irin su 'ya'yan itatuwa na daji kuma sun ƙware a noma. A zamanin yau, suna girma rogo, masara, kiwon dabbobi. Wasu Luba suna sassaƙa itace kuma suna samar da kayan aikin hannu.
Manazarta
Category:Kabilu a Afrika
Category:Kabilu