Warshu

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Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa'id al-Qutbi, wanda aka fi sani da Warsh (110-197AH), ya kasance jigo a tarihin karatun Alkur'ani (qira'at), hanyoyin karatun Alkur'ani. Tare da Qalun, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu watsa shirye-shiryen farko guda biyu na hanyar karanta littafin Nafi' al-Madani. Tare, salon su shine mafi yawan nau'in karatun kur'ani a cikin masallatai na Afirka da ke wajen Masar,  kuma sun shahara a Yemen  da Darfur duk da sauran Sudan suna bin hanyar Hafsi .  Hanyar Warsh da takwaransa Qalun kuma ita ce mafi shaharar hanyar karatun Al-Andalus .  Yawancin Musxafs da aka buga a yau a Arewacin Afirka da Yammacin Afirka suna bin karatun Warshu.

 Karatun Warsh 
Warsh 'an Naafi' yana daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin karatun Alkur'ani . Karatun Al-Qur'ani wanda aka fi sani da Larabci da Qira'at, ana gudanar da shi ne karkashin ka'idojin Ilimin Tajwidi .  Ana danganta shi ga Imam Warsh wanda shi kuma ya samu daga malaminsa Nafi'ul Madani wanda yana daya daga cikin masu watsa karatuttukan bakwai. Karatun Warsh 'an Naafi' na daya daga cikin manya-manyan hadisai biyu na tilawa. Na biyu kuma shine Hafsu 'Asim .

 Tarihi 
An haifi Imam Warsh (110-197AH) Uthman Ibn Sa'id al-Qutbi a Masar. Malaminsa Naafi'u ne yake kiransa da Warsh, wani sinadarin madara ne, saboda launin fata ne.  Ya koyi karatunsa daga Naafi'u a Madina . Bayan ya kammala karatunsa ya koma kasar Masar inda ya zama babban mai karatun Alqur'ani. Nasser, Shady Hekmat. The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Problem of Tawatur and the Emergence of Shawadhdh. Leiden: Brill, 2013, p. 154

A karni na 10, malamin musulmi Ibn Mujahid ya tsara karatun Alqur'ani guda bakwai da suka hada da Warsh 'an Naafi'. Koyaya, watsawar Asim da Warsh kawai ya rage tasiri.  Karatun Warsh 'an Naafi' ya yadu a Arewacin Afirka, saboda shi ne mafificin karatun Imam Malik bn Anas, wanda mazhabar Malikiyya ta fi yawa a wannan yanki na duniya. A zamanin da, shi ne babban karatun kur'ani a Iberia na Musulunci . Wasarwar Warsh 'an Naafi' tana wakiltar al'adar karatun Madina.

 Kwatanta karatun Warsh da Hafsu 
Karatun Alqur'ani na Warsh 'an Naafi' ya sha banban da Hafs 'an Asim a rubuce-rubucen rubutu . Yawancin bambance-bambance ba su shafar ma'anar. Amma duk da haka a wasu lokuta bambance-bambancen suna canza ma'anar ayar. A cikin aya ta 2:184 Hafs ya karanta ayar da cewa ya zama “... fansa [madaidaicin] ciyar da miskini...". A gefe guda kuma, Warsh yana karanta shi “... fansa [madaidaicin] ciyar da talakawa...” A.Brockett, Studies in Two Transmission of the Qur'an, doctorate thesis, University of St. Andrews,Scotland, 1984, p.138 Sauran bambance-bambancen da suka wuce rubutun rubutu sun haɗa da. :
رواية ورش عن نافع رواية حفص عن عاصم Ḥafs Warsh Babi da Aya يَعْمَلُونَ تَعْمَلُونَ ka yi suna yi Al-Baqara 2:85 وًأَوْصّى وَوَصَّى wajabta umarni Al-Baqara 2:132 سَارِعُوا وَسَارِعُوا Kuma ku gaggauta zuwa Gaggauta zuwa Al'imran 3:133 مَا تَنَزَّلُ مَا نُنَزِّلُ ba mu saukar... ba sa sauka... Al-Hijr 15:8 ku قَالَ Yace ka ce! Al-Anbiya' 21:4 كَثِيرًا كَبِيرًا mai girma masu yawa Al-Ahzab 33:68 بِمَا فَبِمَا to shine me shi ne me Suratul Shura 42:30 نُدْخِلْهُ يُدْخِلْهُ ya sa shi shiga mu sa shi shiga Al-Fatḥ 48:17
Wani babban bambanci tsakanin karatun Alqur'ani da Hafsi da Warsh shi ne faxin kalmomin. Kur'ani na zamani suna da alamomin yare (wanda aka sani da Tashkil) kuma a wasu lokuta furta kalmar daban na iya nuna ma'ana daban-daban. Ga wasu misalai:
رواية ورش عن نافع رواية حفص عن عاصم Ḥafs Warsh Babi da Aya مَلِكِ مَالِكِ Mai shi Sarki Al-Fatiha Q1 :4 (Q1:3 in Warsh) يٌكذبُونَ يَكْذِبُونَ karya suke yi An ƙaryata su (ko) sun ƙaryata Al-Baqara Q2 :10 (Q2:9 in Warsh) قُتِلَ قَاتَلَ Kuma da yawa annabi ya yi yaki Kuma an kashe Annabi dayawa Al'imran Q3 :146 سَاحِرَانِ سِحْرَانِ biyu aikin sihiri biyu masu sihiri Al-Qasas Q28 :48

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Category:Larabawa
Category:Musulmai