Yan Najeriya a Amurka

Amurkawa ne da suka fito daga zuriyar Najeriya . Adadin bakin haure na Najeriya da ke zaune a Amurka yana karuwa cikin sauri, wanda ya karu daga karamin adadin 1980 na 25,000.https://data.census.gov/table?q=PEOPLE+REPORTING+ANCESTRY&t=Ancestry&d=ACS+1-Year+Estimates+Detailed+Tables&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B04006&hidePreview=false  Binciken Al’ummar Amurka na 2022 (ACS) ya kiyasta cewa mazauna Amurka 712,294 ‘yan asalin Najeriya ne.https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/RAD-Nigeria.pdf  ACS ta 2019 ta kara kiyasin cewa kusan 392,811 daga cikin wadannan (85%) an haife su a Najeriya .
Yawancin Amurkawa Najeriya, kamar ’yan Najeriya na Burtaniya, galibinsu sun fito ne daga kudancin Najeriya, sabanin rabin arewacin kasar Musulunci
Tarihi
Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantic (karni na 17 - 1808)

Mutanen farko da suka fito daga kasar Najeriya ta zamani da suka isa kasar Amurka ta zamani da karfi aka kawo su a matsayin bayi .  Wadannan bayin Allah ba a kiran su ‘yan Najeriya amma kasashen kabilunsu sun san su saboda Najeriya ba kasa ce ba sai a farkon shekarun 1900, bayan an kawo karshen cinikin bayi. Calabar da Badagry ( Tsibirin Gberefu ), Najeriya, sun zama manyan wuraren fitar da bayi daga Afirka zuwa Amurka a cikin karni na 17 da 18. Yawancin jiragen bayi da ke zuwa wannan tashar jiragen ruwa na Ingilishi ne.  Yawancin bayin Bight na Biafra – yawancinsu sun fito ne daga yankin Ibo - an yi safarar su zuwa Virginia . Bayan shekaru 400 a Amurka da kuma rashin takardun shaida saboda bautar, 'yan Afirka na yawancin lokuta sun kasa gano kakanninsu zuwa wasu ƙabilun ko yankuna na Afirka. Kamar Amurkawa na wasu asali, a wannan lokacin yawancin Amurkawa na Afirka suna da kakanni na kabilanci iri-iri. Yawancin mutanen da aka sace daga Najeriya sun kasance Igbo ko Yarbawa .  Sauran kabilu irin su Fulani da Edo su ma an kame su aka kai su yankunan da suke cikin sabuwar duniya. An fi fitar da Igbo zuwa Marylandhttps://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01108.x  da Virginia .http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/7.htm  Sun ƙunshi yawancin ƴan Afirka da aka bautar a Virginia a cikin ƙarni na 18: daga cikin ƴan Afirka 37,000 da aka yi safararsu zuwa Virginia daga Calabar a ƙarni na sha takwas, 30,000 Ibo ne.https://books.google.com/books?id=Tt6BCT-9yEgC&pg=PA39  A cikin karni na gaba, an kai mutanen Ibo tare da mazauna da suka ƙaura zuwa Kentucky . A cewar wasu masana tarihi, Igbo kuma sun hada da yawancin bayi a Maryland.  Wannan kungiya ta kasance da yawan tawaye da kashe kai, yayin da jama'a suka yi tsayin daka da yaki da bautar da su. An kuma shigo da 'yan Najeriya da dama daga kabilar Igbo zuwa Amurka a karshen shekarun 1960 a matsayin 'yan gudun hijirar yaki a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya .
Wasu kabilun Najeriya, irin su Yarbawa, da wasu kabilun Arewacin Najeriya, suna da alamomin al'ada na al'ada, irin su tattoo da zane-zane. Waɗannan za su iya taimaka wa wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi da kuma bautar da ya tsere don gano wasu ’yan kabilarsu, amma mutane kaɗan ne da aka bautar suka sami nasarar tserewa daga yankunan. A cikin ’yan mulkin mallaka, bayi sun yi ƙoƙari su hana al’adun kabilanci. Har ila yau, sun hada jama'a daga kabilu daban-daban, domin a yi musu wahalar sadarwa da hada kai wajen tawaye. 
Shugaban kasar Amurka Thomas Jefferson ya haramta cinikin bayi a Atlantika a hukumance a shekara ta 1808, duk da cewa an ci gaba da safarar wasu 'yan Afirka da ake bautar da su cikin kasar ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma cibiyar bautar ta ci gaba har zuwa yakin basasar Amurka .

Hijira na zamani (1960 zuwa yanzu)

Tun farko dai ’yan ci-rani na zamani na Najeriya sun kasance masu sha’awar neman ilimi a makarantun gaba da digiri na biyu a Amurka.https://web.archive.org/web/20090525112805/http://www.usefoundation.org/view/29 A shekarun 1960 da 1970 bayan yakin basasar Najeriya, gwamnatin Najeriya ta dauki nauyin karatun daliban Najeriya da ke halartar jami'o'in Amurka. A yayin da hakan ke faruwa, an yi juyin mulkin soji da dama, tare da ‘yan gajeruwar mulkin farar hula. Wannan rashin zaman lafiya ya sa kwararrun ‘yan Najeriya da dama suka yi hijira, musamman likitoci da lauyoyi da malaman jami’o’i, wadanda ke da wuya su dawo Najeriya.
A cikin shekarun 1980, yawan 'yan Najeriya sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka.https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=12372  Wannan hijirar dai ta samo asali ne sakamakon matsalolin siyasa da tattalin arziki da gwamnatocin mulkin sojan da suka kira kai Janar Ibrahim Babangida da Sani Abacha suka ta’azzara . Sauran ƴan gudun hijirar sun ƙunshi ƴan gudun hijira da dama, suna gudun hijira saboda zaluncin addini, rigingimun siyasa marasa iyaka da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci, tunanin Nijeriya a matsayin ƙasa mai faɗuwa, ko don kawai inganta rayuwar kansu da iyalansu (Ogbuagu, 2013). Ficewar da aka fi sani da ita ta faru tsakanin ƙwararrun ƴan Najeriya da masu matsakaicin matsayi waɗanda, tare da 'ya'yansu, suka yi amfani da damar ilimi da kuma damar yin aiki a Amurka .
Wannan ƙaura ya ba da gudummawa ga " ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa " na albarkatun Najeriya don cutar da makomarta. Tun bayan bullowar dimokuradiyyar jam’iyyu da dama a watan Maris na 1999, tsohon shugaban Najeriya Olusegun Obasanjo ya yi kira da yawa musamman ga matasa kwararrun ‘yan Najeriya da ke Amurka da su dawo Najeriya domin su taimaka wajen sake gina kasar. Yunkurin Obasanjo ya haifar da mabambantan sakamako, yayin da wasu masu son ci-rani ke ganin har yanzu yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin Najeriya ba shi da tabbas (Ogbuagu, 2013b).
Tun daga 1980, kiyasin yawan ƴan Najeriya haifaffen ƙasashen waje ya ƙaru daga 25,000 zuwa 392,811 a 2019.

Ilimin zamantakewa
Ilimi 

A binciken da Jami’ar Rice ta yi, ‘yan Najeriya ‘yan Najeriya ne suka fi kowa ilimi a Amurkahttp://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/891.htmlhttps://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/nigeria-multiple-forms-mobility-africas-demographic-giant
Dangane da Binciken Al'ummar Amurka na 2008-2012 da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Amurka ta gudanar, kashi 61.4% na Amurkawa 'yan Najeriya masu shekaru 25 ko sama da haka suna da digiri ko sama da haka, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 28.5% na yawan jama'ar Amurka.  Cibiyar Harkokin Hijira ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 29% na Amurkawa na Najeriya suna da digiri na biyu, PhD, ko kuma babban digiri na ƙwararru (idan aka kwatanta da kashi 11% na yawan jama'ar Amurka gabaɗaya).  Har ila yau, an san Amirkawa na Nijeriya da gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ga likitanci, kimiyya, fasaha, fasaha, da kuma adabi .Al'adun Najeriya sun dade suna jaddada ilimi, suna mai da hankali kan neman ƙwararrun ilimi a matsayin hanyar samun tsaro ta kuɗi .  Misalan 'yan Najeriya na Amurka a fannin ilimi sun hada da Akintunde Akinwande, Oyekunle Olukotun, Jacob Olupona da Dehlia Umunna, farfesa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Jami'ar Stanford da Jami'ar Harvard bi da bi. Shahararrun misalai na baya-bayan nan sun hada da ImeIme Umana, bakar fata ta farko da aka zaba shugabar Harvard Law Review,  Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar kungiyar kasuwanci ta duniya (WTO),  da Tanitoluwa . Adewumi, wani yaro dan gudun hijira mara gida wanda ya ci gaba da zama dan wasan dara .      Misalan 'yan Najeriya na Amurka a cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labaru sun hada da Dr. Bennet Omalu, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim din 2015 Concussion,  da Emmanuel Acho, mai watsa shiri na mako-mako mai fafutuka yanar gizo Tattaunawa mara dadi tare da Baƙar fata . 
Kaso mai yawa na bakar fata a manyan jami'o'i masu zaɓe su ne baƙi ko yaran baƙi. Jami'ar Harvard, alal misali, ta kiyasta cewa fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙungiyar ɗaliban baƙar fata ta ƙunshi baƙi na baya-bayan nan ko kuma 'ya'yansu, ko kuma sun kasance na ƙabilun mahaifa.  Sauran manyan jami'o'i, ciki har da Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Rice, Duke da Berkeley, sun ba da rahoton irin wannan tsari.  Sakamakon haka, akwai tambaya game da ko shirye-shiryen ayyuka na tabbatar sun isa ga ainihin maƙasudinsu: Baƙin Amurkawa waɗanda zuriyar bayin Amurka ne da tarihin nuna wariya a Amurka.
Dangane da rahoton Buɗe Doors na 2021, manyan cibiyoyi biyar na Amurka waɗanda ke da yawan ɗalibai na zuriyar Najeriya (ba tare da wani tsari na musamman ba) sune Jami'ar Kudancin Texas, Jami'ar Houston, Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, Jami'ar North Texas, da Houston Community Kwalejin .   A cewar rahoton Budaddiyar kofofin Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya ta 2017, dalibai 11,710 daga Najeriya sun yi karatu a Amurka a shekarar karatu ta 2016-17, kasa ta 12 mafi girma ta asali kuma mafi girma a kowace kasa ta Afirka. 
Kudin shiga
A cikin 2018, Amurkawa 'yan Najeriya sun sami matsakaicin kudin shiga na gida na $68,658 - sama da dala 61,937 ga duk gidajen Amurka gaba daya.  A shekarar 2012, Amurkawa ‘yan Najeriya suna fama da talauci da kashi 12.8%, kasa da na Amurka na kasa da kashi 14.9% kuma kasa da jimillar talaucin Amurkawa na Afirka da ya kai kashi 27.2%.

Dangantaka da sauran bakaken fata Amurkawa

A cikin 2017, masanin ilimin zamantakewa Onoso Imoagene ya yi iƙirarin cewa ƙarni na biyu na Amurkawa na Najeriya suna ƙirƙirar “ƙabilar Najeriya na waje” maimakon haɗawa da al'adun Amurkan Afirka na yau da kullun, sabanin abin da ya kamata a yi annabta ta hanyar ka'idar assimilation .  Ƙayyadadden bincike na zamantakewa ya nuna cewa Amurkawa na Najeriya na iya samun kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da 'yan sandan Amurka idan aka kwatanta da sauran baki.  Jaridar Marshall Project and Prison Legal News ta ruwaito cewa Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Texas na daukar ‘yan Najeriya da yawa aiki a matsayin masu gadi a gidajen yarin Texas, inda wani kaso mai tsoka na fursunonin bakar fata ne.

1. Maryland 31,263
2. New York 29,619
3. California 23,302
4. Jojiya 19,182
5. Illinois 15,389
6. New Jersey 14,780
7. Florida 8,274
8. Massachusetts 6,661
9. Pennsylvania 6,371
10. North Carolina 3,561

Kabilan Amurkawa na Najeriya

Igbo yan Amurka

Ibo Amurkawa mutane ne a Amurka waɗanda ke da alaƙar ƙabilar Igbo daban-daban waɗanda a yanzu suna kiran Amurka babban wurin zama (kuma suna iya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka). Mutane da yawa sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka sakamakon yakin Biafra (1967-1970).

Yarbawa yan Amurka

Yarbawa Amurkawa ne Amurkawa ‘ yan asalin Yarbawa . Mutanen Yoruba  ƙabila ce da ta samo asali daga kudu maso yammacin Najeriya da kuma kudancin Benin a yammacin Afirka . Yarabawa na farko da suka isa Amurka an shigo da su ne a matsayin bayi daga Najeriya da Benin a lokacin cinikin bayi na Atlantic . Wannan ƙabila ta bayi ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan asalin ƴan Najeriya na yanzu waɗanda suka isa Amurka tare da Igbos. Bugu da kari, bayin 'yan asalin kasar Benin na yanzu sun fito ne daga al'ummomi irin su Nago (Rukunin Yarabawa, duk da cewa Mutanen Espanya ne ke fitar da su, a lokacin da Louisiana ta kasance Mutanen Espanya), Ewe, Fon da Gen. Yawancin bayi da aka shigo da su zuwa Amurka ta zamani daga Benin an sayar da su. Sarkin Dahomey, a cikin Whydah.

Fulani da Hausawa yan Amurka

Bafulatani da Hausawa Ba’amurke mutane ne a Amurka da ke da al’adu daban-daban daga kabilun Fulani da Hausawa kuma yanzu suna kiran Amurka gida. Yawancin suna jin Hausa, Fulfulde da Ingilishi sosai da Larabci a matakai daban-daban. Bakin fulani na farko ya iso ne sakamakon cinikin bayin Atlantika. Bafulatani da Hausawa na baya-bayan nan sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka a shekarun 1990s. Yanzu sun kasance kaso mai yawa na al'ummar musulmi a fadin Amurka.

Manazarta

Category:Yan Najeriya mazauna Amurka