Asim bin Umar

Āṣim bn Umar ( ; c. 628 - 689) ya kasance dan Jamila bint Thabit da Umar bn al-Khattab ne, khalifan Rashidun na biyu.  Asim kuma ya kasance shahararren malamin Hadisi ne .

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
Asim ya kasance ɗan Umar bn al-Khattab babban Sahabin Annabi Muhammad ne, mahaifiyarsa kuma itama sahabiyar Annabi ce.

An haifi mahaifinsa Umar ne a Makka ga kabilar Banu Adi, wanda ke da alhakin yin sulhu a tsakanin kabilu.  Mahaifiyarsa Jamila diya ce ga Thabit bn Abi al-Aflah da Al-Shamus bint Abi Amir, wadanda dukkansu daga kabilar Amr bn Awf ne na kabilar Aws a Madina . Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 204. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, pp. 7, 235, 236. London/Ta-Ha Publishers. Dan uwanta Asim yana daga cikin wadanda suka yi yakin Badar . Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 362. Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 235. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarik al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1997). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam, p. 95. Albany: State University of New York Press. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarik al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Smith, G. R. (1994). Volume 14: The Conquest of Iran, pp. 100-101. Albany: State University of New York Press. But see Bukhari 4:52:281 and similar traditions, where Asim ibn Thabit is described as the "grandfather" of Jamila's son Asim. According to the biographical traditions, they should have been uncle and nephew.

Mahaifiyarsa Jamila tana daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara musulunta a Madina. Ita da mahaifiyarta suna daga cikin mata goma na farko da suka yi mubaya'a ga Muhammadu a shekara ta 622. Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 7. Da jin sunanta Asiya ("marasa biyayya") Muhammad ya sake mata suna: "A'a, ke Jamila ce" ("kyakkyawa"). Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 204.

Ta auri Umar bayan shekaru biyar, tsakanin watan Mayu shekarar 627 da Mayu 628. Tabari/Fishbein vol. 8 p. 95. Suna da ɗa guda Asim bn Umar. Malik ibn Anas. Al-Muwatta 37:6. Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 204. Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 236. Tabari/Fishbein vol. 8 p. 95. Tabari/Smith vol. 14 pp. 100-101. Wani lokaci Jamila ta nemi kuɗi a wurin Umar, kuma, kamar yadda ya zo ya kai ƙara wa Muhammad:

Jamila da Asim sun koma wajen danginta a unguwar Quba. Watarana Umar ya je Quba sai yaga Asim yana wasa a harabar masallaci. Ya dauke shi ya dora shi a kan abin hawan sa. Mahaifiyar Jamila Al-Shamus ta ga Umar ze tafi da jikanta sai ta taho ta yi zanga-zanga. Ba su yarda tsakanin su wa ya kamata ya rike Asim ba, sai suka kawo rigiman gaban Abubakar . A lokacin Abubakar ya ce: “Kada ku raba tsakanin ɗa da mahaifiyarsa,” Umar ya janye maganarsa, ya bar Jamila ta rike danta. Muwatta 37:6.

Daga baya Jamila ta auri Yazid bn Jariya, kuma sun haifi ɗa guda Abdulrahman. Tabari/Fishbein vol. 8 pp. 94-95. Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 236. Don haka, Asim yana da kanni na uwa daya uba daban daga mahaifiyarsa.

Asim yana dan shekara hudu a lokacin da Annabi ya rasu, kuma yana kusan shida ko bakwai a lokacin da khalifa Abubakar al-Siddiq ya rasu. Bayan rasuwar Abubakar (ya rasu a shekara ta 634) al'ummar musulmi sun amince da mahaifinsa a matsayin khalifa na gaba.

 Abubuwan da suka faru na zamani a rayuwarsa 
Mahaifinsa ya zama khalifa a shekara ta 634. A karkashin Umar, shugabanci ya fadada da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, yana mulkin daular Sasaniya da fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na Daular Rumawa. [21] mahaifinsa ya zama khalifan musulmi mafi karfi da tasiri a tarihi. Sai dai kuma a lokacin da ikon mulkin sa ya kai matuƙa, a shekara ta 644, wani bawan Farisa mai suna Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz ya kashe Umar. Ba a bayyana dalilansa na kashe shi ba. [22] Asim matashi ne sosai a lokacin mahaifinsa ya rasu.

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, al'ummar musulmi sun zabi Uthman, wanda ya yi mulki daga shekarar 644 har zuwa kashe shi a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni shekarar 656. Ali ne ya gaje Usman, wanda aka zaba a matsayin khalifa a shekara ta 656. Ya yi mulki har zuwa kashe shi a shekarar 661. Bayan rasuwar Ali, al’ummar musulmi sun zabi al-Hasan a matsayin khalifa, duk da haka ya sauka daga karagar mulki ya bar wa Mu’awiya bn Abi Sufyan gwamnan Sham, don kawo karshen yakin basasa da yarjejeniya. An san Mu'awiya I a matsayin sabon khalifa, wannan ya kawo karshen zamanin Rashidun da farkon zamanin Banu Umayyawa . Yazid ya gaje Mu'awiya na farko sai Mu'awiya na Biyu bayan haka sai Marwan na daya a shekarar 684 ya zama khalifa saboda mutuwar Mu'awiya na biyu. Khalifa Marwan yana fuskantar manyan rikicin siyasa, amma Umayyawa sun yi nasara a karkashinsa da dansa Abd al-Malik.

Asim ya rasu a farkon mulkin Umayyawa khalifa Abd al-Malik a shekara ta 689.

 Gado 
Asim ibn Umar daya ne daga cikin shahararrun Tabi'ai kuma daya daga cikin fitattun maruwaitan hadisi .

 Iyali 
Daga cikin ‘ya’yansa akwai:

 Hafs bn Asim, wanda a cikin Sahihul Bukhari kadai ya ruwaito hadisai goma sha daya.
 Umar bn Asim, yana da 'ya mace mai suna Ummu Miskin bint Umar. Tana da wani ‘yantaccan bawa mai suna “Abu Malik” 
 Ummu Asim Layla bint Asim, mahaifiyar Umar II, khalifan Umayyawa na takwas.

 Manazarta 

 Tushe