Mutanen Chewa

Chewa (ko AChewa) ƙabilar Bantu ne da ake samu a Malawi, Zambia da kaɗan a Mozambique. Chewa suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da mutane a yankunan da ke kewaye kamar Tumbuka da Nsenga. A tarihi kuma suna da alaƙa da Bemba, waɗanda suke da asali iri ɗaya da su a Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo. Kamar yadda yake da Nsenga da Tumbuka, wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na yankin Chewa ya zo ƙarƙashin rinjayar Ngoni, waɗanda suka fito daga Zulu ko Natal / Transvaal. Madadin suna, galibi ana amfani dashi tare da Chewa, shine Nyaja. Sunan harshensu Chichewa . A duniya baki daya, Chewa an fi saninsu da abin rufe fuska da kuma kungiyoyin sirri, da ake kira Nyau, da kuma dabarun noma.

Chewa (kamar Nyanja, Tumbuka, Senga, Nsenga, Mang'anja ) ragowar mutanen Maravi (Malawi) ne ko daular.https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nya/

Akwai manyan dangin Chewa guda biyu, Phiri da Banda,  masu yawan mutane miliyan 1.5.https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nya/  Phiri suna da alaƙa da sarakuna da sarakuna, Banda tare da masu warkarwa da masu sihiri.
Tarihi
Ana iya fassara bayanan baka na Chewa zuwa ga asalin garin Malambo, wani yanki a yankin Luba na Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, daga inda suka yi hijira zuwa arewacin Zambiya, sannan kudu da gabas zuwa tsaunukan Malawi . Wannan sulhu ya faru ne wani lokaci kafin ƙarshen ƙarni na farko. Bayan sun ci ƙasar daga sauran al'ummar Bantu, sun sake taru a Choma, wurin da ke da alaƙa da wani dutse a arewacin Malawi, da kuma tudu na arewa maso gabashin Zambiya

Wannan shine ɗayan fassarori daban-daban na farkon bayanan baka na Chewa. An kafa daular Chewa ta farko a wani lokaci kafin ko bayan 1480, kuma zuwa karni na 16 an yi tsarin gwamnati guda biyu, daya daga dangin Banda a Mankhamba (kusa da Nthakakataka ), ɗayan kuma dangin Phiri a Manthimba . Phiri suna da alaƙa da dutsen Kaphirintiwa na Malawi.

Zuwa karni na 17, lokacin da aka hade kasar 'Malawi', ' yan Fotigal sun dan yi hulda da Chewa. Ko da yake Portuguese ba su kai ga zuciyar masarautar ba, akwai cikakkun bayanan tuntuɓar juna tsakanin 1608 zuwa 1667. A shekara ta 1750, daular 'Malawi' da dama sun karfafa matsayinsu a sassa daban-daban na tsakiyar Malawi; duk da haka, Chewa, sun yi nasarar bambance kansu da maƙwabtansu ta hanyar harshe, ta hanyar samun alamun tattoo na musamman (mphini), da kuma mallakar tsarin addini bisa ga ƙungiyoyin asiri na nyau. A lokacin mulkin mallaka Ofishin Burtaniya da na Fotigal sun mayar da da yawa zuwa Kiristanci amma aƙalla kashi biyar (20%) na Chewa Musulmai ne a yau. Duk da tasirin Kiristanci da Islama da yawa Chewa har yanzu suna riƙe da tsarin imani na kakanninsu. 
Al`adu
Mata suna da matsayi na musamman a cikin al'ummar Chewa da imani. An gane su a matsayin masu sake haifar da zuriya (Bele), wanda shine dangin dangi na mutane masu dangantaka da kakanni daya. A matsayin al'ummar matrilineal, haƙƙin mallaka da ƙasa ana gado ta hanyar uwa. Bele yana nufin "ya sauko daga nono daya". 'Ya'yan uwa ɗaya ko mace ( Lubele la achite ) sun kasance dangin masu dogara ko Mbumba. Ana kiran ’yan’uwan iyaye mata Nkhoswe, su ne masu kula da zuriyarsu, kuma su ne masu jagoranci ga ’ya’yansu mata.

Lokacin da aka sayar da amfanin gona, kuɗin da ake samu daga siyarwar na matar gidanhttp://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/ 

Wani hakimi (Mfumu) ne ya jagoranci ƙauyen, matsayin da kowane ɗan ƙauye mai ɗabi'a zai iya buri. Hakiman kauye da matan shugabanni sun kasance karkashin sarakunan yanki (Mwini Dziko), wadanda da kansu suke karkashin Sarakunan Sarakuna. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana nufin biyan haraji akai-akai, da kuma shirye-shiryen wadata maza a lokacin yaƙi.

Girman yawan jama'a
Yawan mutanen kabilar Chewa ya kai miliyan 9, wanda ya zarce yawancin kabilun yankin. Kabilar Chewa ita ce mafi girma a yankin. Yawan haihuwa na mutanen Chewa shine 4.7, sama da sau biyu fiye da matakin maye gurbin a 2.1. Jeka shafin Demographics na Malawi don ganin adadin sauran kabilu

Manazarta


Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Tola Akindipe, George Kondowe, Learn Chichewa on Mofeko
Chichewa Discover Bible Guides
Pre-colonial migrations and agricultural change on the western side of lake Malawi, professor Kings Phiri
Chewa Religion
Court Layouts, including Chewa Paramount Chief Undi's court
Category:Kabilu a Afrika
Category:Kabilu