Dogon harsuna

Dangantaka ta waje 

Shaidar da ke danganta Dogon da dangin Nijar-Congo galibi lambobi ne da wasu mahimman kalmomi. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban, suna sanya su tare da Gur, Mande, ko kuma a matsayin reshe mai zaman kansa, na karshe yanzu shine hanyar da aka fi so. Harsunan Dogon suna nuna raguwa kadan na tsarin aji na yawancin Nijar-Congo, wanda ke jagorantar masana harsuna don kammala cewa mai yiwuwa sun rabu da Nijar-Kongo da wuri.  [citation needed

Harsunan Bamana da Fula sun yi tasiri sosai a kan Dogon, saboda dangantakarsu ta al'adu da ƙasa.

Blench, Roger. 2015. Was there a now-vanished branch of Nilo-Saharan on the Dogon Plateau? Evidence from substrate vocabulary in Bangime and Dogon. In Mother Tongue, Issue 20, 2015: In Memory of Harold Crane Fleming (1926–2015).Blench (2015) ya yi hasashen cewa harsunan Bangime da Dogon na iya samun tushe daga reshe "ya bace" na Nilo-Saharan wanda ya rabu da wuri daga Proto-Nilo-Sacharan, kuma yana kiran wannan reshe "Plateau".

 Rarrabawar ciki 
Harsunan Dogon kananan dangin harsuna ne da ke da alaka da juna wadanda Mutanen Dogon na Mali ke magana kuma suna iya kasancewa cikin Iyalin Nijar-Congo da aka tsara. Akwai kusan masu magana da 600,000 na harsuna goma sha biyu. Su harsuna ne na sauti, kuma mafi yawansu, kamar Dogul, suna da sautuna biyu, amma wasu, kamar Donno So, suna da uku. Tsarin kalmomin su na asali shine batun-abu-kalma.

Harshen Dogon da aka fi nazarin shi ne harshen escarpment Toro So na Sanga, saboda karatun Marcel Griaule a can kuma saboda an zabi Toro So a matsayin daya daga cikin harsuna goma sha uku na kasar Mali. Yana da fahimtar juna tare da wasu nau'ikan tsaunuka. Koyaya, harsunan filayen - Tene Ka, Tomo Ka, da Jamsay, waɗanda ba a fahimta da Toro don haka - suna da ƙarin masu magana.

Harshen Bangime ( Ba géŋri mɛ), wasu suna ɗaukarsa reshe ne mai banbanci na Dogon kuma wasu suna iya ware harshe (Blench 2005b). 

 Calame-Griaule (1956) 
Calame-Griaule ya bayyana cewa shi ne na farko da ya yi aiki da nau'ikan Dogon daban-daban. Calame-Griaule (1956) ya rarraba harsuna kamar haka, tare da masauki da aka ba su ga harsunan da aka gano tun daga lokacin (an ruwaito sabbin harsunan Dogon a karshen shekara ta 2005), ko kuma tun daga lokacin an nuna cewa suna da fahimtar juna (kamar yadda Hochstetler ya tabbatar da yarukan tsaunuka). Harsunan da aka saba amfani da su guda biyu suna da alamomi.

 Filayen Dogon: Jamsai,* Tego, Filayen Yamma (magana: Togo kã, Tengu kã, Tomo kã) 
 Escarpment Dogon (magana: Yanayi na baya,* Tommo don h, Donno sɔ aka Kamma sɔ)  
 Yammacin Dogon: Duleri, Mombo, Ampari-Penange; Budu
 Arewacin Filayen Dogon: Bondum, Dogul
 Yanda
 Nanga: Naŋa, Bankan Tey (Walo), Ben Tey
 Tebul

Douyon da Blench (2005) sun ba da rahoton ƙarin iri-iri, wanda har yanzu ba a rarraba shi ba:

 Ana Tiŋa.

Blench ya lura cewa adadi mai yawa a kan sunaye yana nuna cewa Budu ya fi kusa da Mombo, don haka an hada shi a matsayin West Dogon a sama. Ya kuma lura cewa Walo-Kumbe yayi kama da Naŋa; Hochstetler yana zargin cewa yana iya zama Naŋa. Ana iya raba kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan harsuna tare da Yanda. Wadannan duk ba a san su sosai ba.

Glottolog 4.3 Glottolog 4.3. ya hada rarrabuwa daga Moran & Prokić (2013) da Hochstetler (2004). Moran & Prokić (2013) suna jayayya game da rabuwa ta gabas zuwa yamma a cikin Dogon, tare da Yanda Dom Dogon, Tebul Ure Dogon, da Najamba-Kindige a matsayin asalin yarukan Dogon na yamma waɗanda suka zama masu kama da yarukan Dogons na gabashin saboda hulɗa mai zurfi.

 Yammacin Yamma
 Yammacin Dogon
 Ampari Dogon
 Bunoge Dogon
 Mombo Dogon
 Penange Dogon
 Tiranige Diga Dogon
 Arewacin Filayen Dogon
 Dogul Dom Dogon
 Yanda-Bondum-Tebul
 Najamba-Kindige: Bondum Dom, Kindige, Najamba
 Tebul Ure Dogon
 Yanda-Ana
 Ana Tinga Dogon
 Yanda Dom Dogon
 Yankin Gabas
 Dogon mai tsawo
 Donno Don Dogon
 Tommo So Dogon
 Toro So Dogon: Ibi So, Ireli, Sangha So, Yorno So, Youga So
 Nangan Dogon
 Bankan Tey Dogon
 Ben Tey Dogon
 Nanga Dogon
 Filayen Dogon
 Jamsay Dogon: Bama, Domno, Gono, Guru, Perge Tegu
 Toro Tegu Dogon
 Yammacin Filayen Dogon
 Tengou-Togo Dogon: Gimri Kan, Tengu Kan, Tenu Kan, Togo Kan, Woru Kan
 Tomo Kan Dogon

Kwatanta kalmomin kamus na asali na yarukan Dogon, Heath, Jeffrey; McPherson, Laura; Prokhorov, Kirill; Moran, Steven. 2015. Dogon Comparative Wordlist . Unpublished Manuscript. tare da Bangime: Heath, Jeffrey. 2013. Bangime and Dogon Comparative Wordlists. m.s.
HarsheWurin da yakeidokunnehancihakoraharshebakijinikasusuwaitaceruwacin abincisunanYorno-SoBayyanawa:SuguwaSinanciɛ̌nnɛ́nɛ́, nɛ́̌ːKafin nan, kafin nanìllîːkǐːnáːdǐːKaːBohyToro TeguTabiYa yi la'akari da cewaSurguruCibiyarYa yi amfani da shiYa kasanceKaneŋCiyawanaː, X naníYa fi haka haruffaìsǒŋBen TeyBeniRashin lafiyaindaYanayiHarshen da aka yi amfani da shiHalãmdɛːmǒː, m̀bǒːGoro.CIRNYYYYnáː, nàː-dûmNishina:Rashin amfaniRashin jin daɗi:Yanda DomYandaYa ce,YanayinKìnzàAn haife shiSnowmdàƘaddamarwa, MBOYa kamata a yi amfani da shiMannaSai dai, sai dai, sai kumacikiʔə́ñɛ́ ~ ʔəñɛ́-lìa cikinJamsayDouentzaRashin lafiyaSunuda'irarBirni da aka yi amfani da shiSnowKaːSnowynCIRInáːníːRashin amfani da shi:bónPerge TeguPerguéBayyanawaSunugunniKírnéBirni da aka yi amfani da shiHanyar da za a yi amfani da itaKaːSnowmMursarnáːníːRashin amfani da shi:sórnúGurúKiriBayyanawaBa zato ba tsammaniKírnéBirni da aka yi amfani da shiSnowKaːSnowynMursarAyyukaníːRashin amfani da shi:bónNangaYana tafiyaBayyanawaYanayi mai sunakírnêN'auka, k'aukaSannu a hankalinɔ̌ːGonduguMursardeː, nàː dueːNishina:GiraːN'aurar da ke cikinBankan-TeyWaloBayyanawaSunuda'irarYaro da kumaKalmominmbǔːGoro.Mutanen da ke cikinnàː-dûmNishina:Rashin amfaniNashin kansaNajambaKubewel-AdiaYa ce ya cesúnùː ~ súnìːkìnjâː ~ kìnjɛ̂ːìnɔ̌ː ~ ìnɛ̌ːnɛ̌ndɔː ~ nɛ̌̀ːìbí-ŋgé ~ ìbíCön-ge ~ Cönkìná-ŋgó ~ kìnáda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai sunaíŋgé ~ íŋgé, ínjé ~ ínjékwɛ́inèn ~ inènTommo-SoTongo-TongoBayyanawaSuguuluKenuTun da farkoA bayyane yakeKafin, kafinYa kasance mai suna "Ill".Ɗan nanAlamarSai daiJiki mai mahimmanciBoiTogo-KanKoporo-penBayyanawaSurgurukírníGudanar da shiSnowKyantakaSnowNursarnáːdíːñíː ~ ñíːBayan aikiMomboSonghoGirmaGishiri na cikiSinancia cikinNewderRashin saurin saurin saGen: gegàːwněːTiningingingFarawa:Fushiːa cikinRashin karfiHeath, Jeffrey. 2013. Bangime and Dogon Comparative Wordlists. m.s.ɡìrétaŋàsuperby-rìn n n'a da kumanóɔ́ n ʒɛ́ríArewaKainnò́rɛ́dwàà, dwàɛ̀Mutanen da ke cikiRana ce (màá) níì

 Lambobin 
Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban: 
Harshe12345678910Dogulu Dom (1) TunaninAn haife shiyana tafiya a wurinKafinN'aurarƙuƙwalwarSa'ad da aka yi amfani da shiSanyenTuùwɔ́Ƙananan abubuwaDogul Dom Dogon (2) ƊaukiSnowTaanduRashin jituwaba haka ba nekuloiSunanciSeeletuwɔZaben da ya shafiTommo So Dogontií (ka a matsayin mai gyara) haihuwartàndúSashin saukaN'adda kumakúlóySa'ad da aka yiɡáɡíràTuwwɔ́ƘanananDonno Don Dogontí (don ƙidaya), túruYana da alaƙatàːnuZuwalamba / nnɔkúlóy / kuleiSa'ad da aka yiɡàɡaraTuño / tuɡɔƘananan abubuwaJamsay Dogonkalɛ̌y / lɛ́ytǎːn / tàːnnǎyn / nàyn *Sai dai idan ya yi haka neKúróytabbatacceɡáːràláːrúwà / láːrwàƘarshenToro So Dogon (1) Bayani (don ƙidaya), túrúKalmominYa kasance a cikinNajiNunifockúlòjSa'ad da aka yi amfani da shiɡááràTuwɔ́ƘarshenToro So Dogon (2) tíírú (don ƙidaya), túrúKa karantaTun daga wannan lokacinna'urarNuckovikinkúlóíSa'aɡáɡáTuwɔ́LeluToro Tegu DogonkaHar ila yau,tǎːlíAn kafa shi ne a lokacin da aka kafa shi.Sai dai:kúréysonɡáːràlaːraYa kasance mai sauƙiBankan Tey DogonKa samujǒjtàːníNãgidanNummǔjnA cikin shekaruSignɔjnɡáːràjkaiːsúmƘananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyinBen Tey DogonKa yi amfani da shi:Bayyanawatànúːda aka sani da shiNumǔynTun da daɗewaSunaninɡáːràyt.sǐmƘarshenMombo DogonOshina: Oshina / Oshina (a ƙidaya) nɛ́ːŋɡátandːndìKafin nanƙira: ƙirakúléynsɔ́ːlìwatan SatumbarDukkanin haka:Ƙarshen haskeNajamba-KindigeƘarƙashinnôːjtàːndîːcajiNumîːkúlèjswɛ̂jsáːɡìːtwâjFiraiNanga DogonKafin nanYa kasance a cikintàːndǐːArewaNãmǐːkúrêSunayenɡáːrɛ̀t.sǐːƘananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyinTogo Kan Dogon (1) kaiRodiTa'an, ta'anSashin sautinNúnenKurewaSa'ad da aka yi amfani da shiSihailaTuwaƘarshenTogo Kan Dogon (2) kaiRashin jituwatannnáɲìma'auniKúlènSa'ad da aka yi amfani da shiYana dakai kaLamiYanda Dom DogonKa samu:nɔː / a'aindaAbin da ya faruNnuƙuƙwalwaSwɛ́ːSaːɡètwâːka yi amfani da shi

 Dubi kuma 

 Harsunan Mali
 Jerin kalmomin Dogon (Wiktionary) 

 Bayani 

 Bayanan da aka ambata 

 Bendor-Samuel, John & Olsen, Elizabeth J. & White, Ann R. (1989) 'Dogon', a cikin Bendor- Samuel & Rhonda L. Hartell (eds.) Harsunan Nijar-Congo: Rarrabawa da bayanin dangin harshe mafi girma na Afirka (shafi na 169-177).  Lanham, Maryland: Jami'ar Jami'ar Amurka.
 Bertho, J. (1953) 'Matsayin yarukan Dogon na dutsen Bandiagara tsakanin sauran kungiyoyin harsuna na yankin Sudan,' Bulletin de l'IFAN, 15, 405-441.
 [Inda Aka Dauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Binciken harsunan Dogon a Mali: Bayani". OGMIOS: Jaridar Gidauniyar Harsuna Masu Hadari. 3.02 (26): 14–15. An samo shi a 2011-06-30..
 Blench, Roger (2005b) 'Baŋgi me, wani harshe na ba a san shi ba a Arewacin Mali', OGMIOS: Newsletter of Foundation for Endangered Languages, 3.02 (# 26), 15-16.  (ra'ayi tare da jerin kalmomi) 
 Calame-Griaule, Geneviève (1956) Harsunan Dogon. Afirka, 26 (1), 62-72.
 Calame-Griaule, Geneviève (1968) Dictionnaire Dogon Dialecte tɔrɔ: Harshe da wayewa. Paris: Klincksieck: Paris.
 Heath, Jeffrey (2008) A grammar of Jamsay . Berlin/New York: Tumar Gruyter.


 Plungian, Vladimir Aleksandrovič (1995) Dogon (Harsunan kayan duniya vol. 64). München: LINCOM Turai
 Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger-Congo', a cikin Heine, Bernd da Nurse, Derek (eds) Harsunan Afirka - Gabatarwa. Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press, shafi na 11-42. 

 Haɗin waje 

 Dogon da Bangime Harsuna
 Shafin yanar gizon ilimin harshe na Dogon
 Harsunan Dogon akan Rogerblench.info (ya haɗa da bayanan harshe da hotuna) 
 Harsunan Dogon da Harsuna An (sic) Cikakken Bayani na Bayani Abbie Hantgan (2007) 
Category:Harsunan Mali
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba