Harshen Gourmanche

Gourmanché (Goulmacema, Gourma, Gourmantche, Gulimancema, Gulmancema, Gurma, Gourmanchéma) harshe ne na mutanen Gurma . Ita ce mafi girma ta yawan masu magana na rukunin Gurma na harsunan Oti-Volta, wanda ya haɗa da sauran yaren Moba da yaren Konkomba . Shi ne babban harshe na gabacin Burkina Faso, a kusa da babban birnin Gurma na gargajiya Fada N'Gourma ; Har ila yau ana magana da shi a yankunan arewacin Togo, Benin, Nijar, Ghana da Najeriya .

 Fassarar sauti 

 Consonants 
 Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labio-<br id="mwKA"><br><br><br></br> maras kyau Glottal Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋ͡m M mara murya p t c k k͡p murya b d ɟ ɡ ɡ͡b Mai sassautawa f s( h ) Na gefe l Kusanci j w

 /h/ yana faruwa ne kadan. 

 Wasula 
 Gaba Tsakiya Baya Kusa i u Kusa-kusa ɪ ʊ Kusa-tsakiyar e ə o Bude-tsakiyar ɛ ɔ Bude a

 Tsarin rubutu 
Harafin Gourmanche  a b c d e f g gb h i j k kp l m n ŋ ŋm ñ o p s t ku y

 Nahawu 
Kamar duk kusancinsa da maƙwabta, Gourmanché harshe ne mai sauti; yana bambanta high, tsakiya, da ƙananan sautuna. A cikin daidaitaccen rubutun alamomin cj suna wakiltar tasha; suna da ɗan kama da Turanci "ch" da "j" bi da bi.

Gourmanché yana adana mafi yawan tsarin tsarin jinsi na nahawu na suna na dangin Nijar da Kongo, tare da azuzuwan takwas da yarjejeniya akai-akai na karin magana, dalla-dalla da lambobi. Kamar yadda yake da sauran harsunan Gur, azuzuwan suna suna da alamar suffixes (ba prefixes ba, kamar a Bantu); Karin bayanan sun zo cikin nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya/jam'i don ƙidayar sunaye, misali tibu "itace", tiidi "itatuwa" kuma ba a haɗa su don yawan sunaye, misali ñima "ruwa", soama "jini", gulimancema "harshen Gourmanché."

An ce Gourmanché wani lokaci yana da prefixes na suna da ƙari, yarda a cikin aji. Duk da haka, waɗannan “prefixes” a haƙiƙa ɓangarorin ɓarkewa ne masu aiki irin na labarin. An rubuta su a matsayin kalmomi daban-daban a cikin daidaitattun kalmomi: bu tibu "a/bishiyar", i tiidi "(the) bishiyoyi", mi ñima "(the) ruwa", kuma an bar su, misali, lokacin da sunan ya kasance. wanda ya gabace shi ko ya bi kuli “kowace”; haka u nuu, "hannu", ki biga "yaro", o joa "mutum" amma mis o joa muubi o biga nuu "mutumin yana rike da hannun yaronsa"; o nilo "mutum" amma nilo kuli "kowane mutum."

Gourmanché fi'ili ba su yarda da batutuwa ko inflect for tense amma kamar yadda tare da kusan duk Oti-Volta harsuna, sun karkata ga al'amari (cikakke vs imperfective.) Tsarin yana da rikitarwa kuma maras tabbas, tare da siffofin da ba su da kyau sun bambanta da cikakke ta hanyar ƙari ko faduwa. daban-daban suffixes, da/ko sautuna canje-canje. 

Harshen shine SVO. Masu mallaka suna gaba da kawunansu. Gourmanché ya raba tare da wasu harsunan Oti-Volta halayen da sifofin ke haɗawa akai-akai tare da sunayen kawunansu; sunan yana gabatowa a matsayin tsintsiya madaurinki daya, sannan kuma mai sifa, wanda ke dauke da karin sunan ajin da ya dace da jinsi da adadin kai: yankpaalo "makiyayi", yankpaaŋamo "makiyayi mai kyau."

 Lexicography 
Akwai ƙamus na Gourmanché-Faransa na gaskiya Dictionnaire bilingue Gulmancéma-Français, Benoît Bendi Ouoba, Sous-Commission Nationale du Gulmancéma, BP 167 Fada N'Gourma. amma babu cikakken nahawu mai sauƙi.

 Adabi 
Akwai cikakkiyar fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki. 

 Sunayen dabbobi 
Sunayen kwadi na Gumancéma da Mooré da makamancinsu na Ingilishi (kusan duk nau'in kwadi ana cinye su azaman abinci): 
GulmancémaMooréScientific nameEnglishTiarli moangaPoond yougaAfrixalus vittigerSpiny Reed FrogPouang piégaPoond yougaAfrixalus weidholziWeidholz's Banana FrogPouand boaniPoond sablgaAmietophrynus maculatusHallowell's ToadPouand koulougouPoond sablgaAmietophrynus regularisEgyptian ToadPouand gnoualiPoond miougouAmietophrynus xerosDesert ToadGnissolopouandiKossoilhg poondréBufo pentoniShaata Gardens ToadPouandi napoualéYoondéHemisus marmoratusShovel-nosed frogTiarloSouansgaHildebrandtia ornataBudgett's Burrowing FrogLouandi moaliLouangaHoplobatrachus occipitalisAfrican tiger frogTiarli pienoBoulwéoogoHylarana galamensisYellow-striped FrogPouand piégaPouand yougaHyperolius concolorHallowell's Sedge FrogTiarli moangaPouand yougaHyperolius nitidulusTiarli bouangaPoondr zembouangaKassina cassinoidesPouand bouanliPoond bougdiKassina fuscaPale Running FrogTiarli bouangaPoondr zembouangaKassina senegalensisSenegal Kassin's FrogPouand koulougouPoond sablgaLeptopelis bufonidesGround Tree FrogGnissolopoangaPoond yougaLeptopelis viridisSavannah Tree FrogPatanpouandiLouang sablgaPhrynobatrachus calcaratusBoutry River FrogPouand bouangaLouong sablgaPhrynobatrachus francisciPouand bouangaBoulwéoogoPhrynobatrachus gutturosusGuttural Puddle FrogBatiarloBoulonboukouPhrynobatrachus latifronsAccra River FrogThialondoBoulghin louangaPhrynobatrachus natalensisNatal River FrogPouang moangaPoond wiiléPhrynomantis micropsRed Rubber FrogFoipoandoMouonghin souansgaPtychadena bibroniBroad-banded Grass FrogTiarli BouangaBouonghin souansgaPtychadena mascareniensisMascarene Grassland FrogPouand piègaBiihrin souangaPtychadena oxyrhynchusSharp-nosed Rocket FrogTiarli moangaPoughin souansgaPtychadena pumilioLittle Rocket FrogPouandi gnoanliLouang sablgaPtychadena schillukorumSchilluk Ridged FrogTiarli gnoiarlingaTampou souansgaPtychadena telliniiCentral Grassland FrogTiarli gnoanrgaBiihrin souansgaPtychadena tournieriTournier's Rocket FrogPouand gourouBoulonboukouPtychadena trinodisDakar Grassland FrogPouandi koulougouBoulonboukouPyxicephalus edulisEdible FrogPouandi boualiPoondréTomopterna cryptotisCryptic sand frogLouand boaniLouang boudiXenopus muelleriSavanna Clawed Frog

 Nassoshi 
Category:Harsuna