Omdurman

Omdurmán (   ) babban birni ne a ƙasar Sudan. Shi ne birni na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a cikin ƙasar, birnin yana a Jihar Khartoum. Omdurman yana gefen yammacin kogin Nilu, kishiya da arewa maso yammacin babban birnin ƙasar Khartoum. Yana kan kogin Nilu kuma yana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar hanya, tare da kogin Nilu yana habɓaka sufuri har ma da ƙari.

 Asalin suna 
Sunan Omdurman (Umm Durman) a zahiri yana fassara da "Mahaifiyar Durman", amma ba a san ko wacece ita ba.

 Tarihi 
Bayan da aka kewaye birnin Khartoum, sai kuma ginin kabarin Mahadi bayan mutuwarsa daga cutar typhus, birnin ya girma cikin sauri. Duk da haka, a yakin Omdurman a shekarar 1898 (wanda a zahiri ya faru a ƙauyen Kerreri na kusa), Lord Kitchener ya ci nasara a kan sojojin Mahdist . A shekara mai zuwa ne sojojin Birtaniya suka fatattaki Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Khalifa a matsayin yakin Ummu Diwaykarat ; tabbatar da ikon Birtaniya a kan Sudan.

A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1898, sojojin Birtaniya na mutane dubu ashirin da suka hako rijiyoyi sanye da sabbin makamai, bindigogi Maxim da bindigogi na Martini-Henry karkashin jagorancin Janar Horatio Herbert Kitchener suka mamaye Sudan . A yakin Omdurman, Sojojin Birtaniyya sun fuskanci 'yan kare Sudan da suka kunshi 'yan kabilar sahara sama da 52,000 wadanda ba su da makami; cikin sa'o'i biyar aka kawo karshen yakin. Masu tsaron Sudan sun samu raunuka da dama, inda aka kashe akalla 10,000. Akasin haka, an sami asarar rayuka fiye da ɗari huɗu a ɓangaren Biritaniya inda sojojin Birtaniyya arba'in da takwas suka rasa rayukansu. Daga nan sai Janar Kitchener ya ci gaba da ba da umarnin a tozarta kabarin Mahdi kuma a cikin kalaman Winston Churchill, "an dauke kan Mahdi a cikin gwangwanin kananzir a matsayin ganima". 

Kitchener ya mayar da Khartoum a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar, kuma daga shekarar 1899 zuwa 1956 Sudan ta kasance karkashin mulkin Birtaniya da Masar tare. Ko da yake akasarin garin ya ruguje a yakin, an gyara kabarin Mahdi tare da gyarawa.

A ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2008, kungiyar 'yan tawayen Darfur ta Justice and Equality Movement ta shiga cikin birnin inda suka yi kazamin fada da sojojin gwamnatin Sudan. Manufarsu ita ce hambarar da gwamnatin Omar Hassan al-Bashir.Curfew in capital as Sudanese army clash near Khartoum with Darfur rebels  - Sudan Tribune 2008-05-10 Sudanese rebels 'reach Khartoum'  - BBC News 2008-05-10PHOTOS: Sudan capital after today's attack from Darfur JEM  - Sudan Tribune 2008-05-10

A lokacin rikicin Sudan na 2023 yakin Omdurman ya barke.

 Taswira 

 Unguwannin 

 Ombada

 Yanayi 
Omdurman yana da yanayi mai zafi mai zafi, tare da watannin bazara kawai ana ganin hazo. Matsakaicin birnin yana da ɗan sama da 155 millimetres (6.1 in) na hazo a kowace shekara. Dangane da yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara, birnin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya mafi zafi. Yanayin zafi akai-akai ya wuce 40 °C (104 °F) a tsakiyar lokacin rani.

Matsakaicin zafinsa na shekara-shekara shine , tare da watanni shida na shekara ana ganin matsakaicin  yanayin zafi na kowane wata na akalla  . Bugu da ƙari, a duk tsawon shekara, babu wani matsakaicin  yanayin zafi da ya faɗi ƙasa  . A cikin watannin Janairu da Fabrairu, yayin da yanayin zafin rana gaba ɗaya yana da zafi sosai, dare yana da ɗan sanyi sosai, tare da matsakaicin ƙarancin zafi sama da  .

 Alkaluma 
Shekara Yawan jama'a 1909 (Kidayar jama'a)  42,779 1941 116,196 1956 113,600 1973 299,399 1983 526,284 1993 1,271,403 2007 Kiyasin 2,127,802 2008 2,395,159 2010 2,577,780

 Ilimi 
Jami'o'in jama'a sune: a 

 Jami'ar Karari
 Omdurman Islamic University
 Jami'ar Al-Qur'ani Mai Girma da Kimiyyar Musulunci

Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu sune:

 Ahfad University for Women
 Omdurman Ahlia University
 Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha - Omdurman

 Filin jirgin sama 
Filin jirgin saman Khartoum yana hidimar Omdurman.

 Sabon Filin Jirgin Sama na Khartoum 
A cewar jami'an Sudan, a shekara ta 2005 an samar da wani sabon filin jirgin sama mai nisan 30 miles (50 km) kudu da Omdurman. Ana iya cewa yana cikin iyakokin Omdurman da ba a bayyana ba, an kiyasta cewa za a kammala aikin nan da shekara ta 2012 tare da kiyasin kasafin dala miliyan 530. An fara ginin a cikin shekarar 2019 amma har zuwa shekarar 2021 an dakatar da shi.

 Nassoshi 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 



Category:Sudan
Category:Biranen Afirka