Grace Ogot

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Grace Emily Ogot (née Akinyi; 15 Mayu 1930 - 18 Maris 2015) marubuciya ce ta Kenya, ma'aikaciyar jinya, ƴar jarida, ƴar siyasa kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya. Tare da Charity Waciuma ita ce marubuciya 'yar Kenya ta farko da aka buga.  Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan majalisar dokokin Kenya na farko kuma ta zama mataimakiyar minista. ￼

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Ogot Grace Emily Akinyi ga dangin Kirista a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1930  a Asembo, a gundumar Nyanza, Kenya - ƙauyen da ke da yawan jama'ar kabilar Luo mafi rinjaye Kirista.  Mahaifinta, Joseph Nyanduga, yana daya daga cikin mazaje na farko a kauyen Asembo da suka samu ilimin Yamma. Ya koma Cocin Anglican da wuri, kuma ya koyar a Makarantar ’Yan Mata ta Ng’iya ta Cocin Missionary Society.  Daga wurin mahaifinta, ta koyi labarun Tsohon Alkawari kuma daga wurin kakarta ne Ogot ta koyi tatsuniyoyi na gargajiya na yankin inda daga baya za ta zana wahayi. ￼

Tarihin Grace Ogot yana da ban sha'awa sosai.  Ogot ta halarci makarantar ’yan mata ta Ng’iya da makarantar sakandare ta Butere a tsawon kuruciyarta. Daga 1949 zuwa 1953, ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin horar da ma'aikatan jinya da ke Uganda . Daga baya ta yi aiki a London, Ingila, a asibitin St. Thomas na iyaye mata da jarirai. Ta koma African reno English. 

Baya ga kwarewarta a fannin kiwon lafiya, Ogot ta sami gogewa a fannoni daban-daban, tana aiki da Sashen Waje na BBC a matsayin marubucin rubutun kuma mai shela kan shirin London Calling East and Central Africa, Bernth Lindfors, "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1979, in World Literature Written in English 18(1) 57–68. yana gudanar da fitaccen shirin rediyo a cikin Luo . harshe, yana aiki a matsayin jami'in ci gaban al'umma a gundumar Kisumu kuma a matsayin jami'in hulda da jama'a na Kamfanin Air India na Gabashin Afirka. 

A cikin 1975, Ogot ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Kenya a babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Daga baya, a cikin 1976, ta zama memba na tawagar Kenya zuwa UNESCO . A wannan shekarar, ta shugabanci kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Kenya. Mike Kuria, ed. Talking Gender: Conversations with Kenyan Women Writers, 2003. PJ-Kenya, p. 71. A shekarar 1983 ta zama daya daga cikin tsirarun mata da suka yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa kuma mace daya tilo mataimakiyar minista a majalisar ministocin shugaba Daniel Arap Moi . 

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
A cikin 1969, Grace Ogot ta auri farfesa a tarihi Bethwell Allan Ogot, Luo daga Gem Location, kuma daga baya ta zama mahaifiyar 'ya'ya hudu. Za'a haɗu da haɓakarta na ba da labari da sha'awar mijinta ga al'adar baka da tarihin al'ummar Luo a cikin aikinta na rubutu.  Ogot ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Maris 2015. Joseph Muraya, "Ex-Assistant Minister and author Grace Ogot dies", Capital News, 18 March 2015.

 Aiki 

 Sana'ar rubutu 
A cikin 1968, Grace Ogot ta karanta gajeriyar labarinta mai suna "Shekarar Sadaukarwa" a wani taro kan Adabin Afirka a Jami'ar Makerere da ke Uganda. Bayan gano cewa babu wani aiki da aka gabatar ko aka nuna daga marubutan Afirka ta Gabas, Ogot ta sami kwarin guiwar buga ayyukanta, Bernth Lindfors "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1981
, in World Literature Written in English 18(1), p. 58. wanda daga baya ta yi duka a cikin yaren Luo da Ingilishi. "Shekarar Sadaukarwa" ta fito a buga a matsayin aikin farko da Ogot ya buga Dubem Okafor, Meditations on African Literature, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001, p. 103. a cikin mujallar Afirka ta Black Orpheus a 1963. Sarah Constantakis, ed. "Overview: The Rain Came", in Short Stories for Students. Volume 34. 2012. Detroit: Gale. A cikin 1964, an buga gajeriyar labarinta mai suna "Ruwa ta zo" a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin Labarun Afirka na Zamani, Modern African Stories, ed. Ellis A. Comey and Ezekiel Mphahlele (London: Faber & Faber, 1964). wanda Es'kia Mphahlele ta haɗa, wanda ya shirya taron da aka ambata a baya kan Adabin Afirka a Jami'ar Makerere da ke Uganda. 1962. "Ruwa ta zo" sigar "Shekarar Sadaukarwa" da aka sake yin aiki amma an gajarta sosai kuma tare da farkon da ƙarewa daban. Har ila yau, a cikin 1964, an buga gajeren labarin "Ward Nine" a cikin mujallar Transition . Peter Benson, Black Orpheus, Transition and Modern Cultural Awakening in Africa, University of California Press, 1986, p. 127.

Littafin labari na farko na Ogot The Land Alkawari, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1930s, an buga shi a cikin 1966 kuma ya mai da hankali kan ƙaura na Luo da matsalolin da ke tasowa ta hanyar ƙaura. Manyan jaruman ta sun yi hijira daga Nyanza zuwa arewacin Tanzaniya, don neman ƙasa mai albarka da wadata. Labarin ya kuma mayar da hankali kan jigogi na ƙiyayyar kabilanci, son abin duniya, da ra'ayin gargajiya na mace da aikin mata. "The Promised Land" , African Books Collective. 1968 aka ga bugu na Land Without Thunder, tarin gajerun labarai da aka saita a tsohuwar Luoland. Bayanin Ogot, kayan aikin adabi, da labaran labarai a cikin Land Without Thunder suna ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da al'adun Luo a Gabashin Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka. Sauran ayyukanta sun haɗa da Bride mai ban mamaki, mai karatun digiri, ɗayan mace da tsibirin Hawaye.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]

Yawancin labaranta sun yi daidai da yanayin tafkin Victoria da kuma al'adun mutanen Luo. Ɗayan jigon da ya fito daga cikin ayyukan Ogot shine mahimmancin tarihin Luo na gargajiya, tatsuniyoyi, da al'adun baka. Wannan jigon yana kan gaba a cikin shirin "Rain ya zo", labarin da kakarta ke da alaka da Ogot a lokacin kuruciyarta, inda dole ne a sadaukar da 'yar sarki don kawo ruwan sama. Sarah Constantakis, ed. "Overview: The Rain Came", in Short Stories for Students. Volume 34. 2012. Detroit: Gale. Margaret Busby, Daughters of Africa, London: Vintage, 1993, pp.365–371. Bugu da ƙari, gajerun labarun Ogot sun haɗa jigogi da ra'ayoyi na gargajiya da na zamani, suna nuna rikice-rikice da haɗuwa da ke tsakanin tsofaffin hanyoyin tunani da sababbin. A cikin Ƙasar Alkawari, babban hali, Ochola, ya fadi a ƙarƙashin rashin lafiya mai ban mamaki wanda ba za a iya warkewa ta hanyar taimakon likita ba. A ƙarshe, ya juya wurin wani mai magani don ya warke. Ogot ya bayyana irin wannan tsarin tunani a matsayin misali na haɗakar fahimtar al'ada da na zamani, "Yawancin labaran da na ba da su sun dogara ne akan rayuwar yau da kullum ... Kuma a ƙarshe, lokacin da Coci ya kasa kuma asibiti ya kasa, wadannan A kullum mutane za su shiga cikin wani abu da suka amince da shi, wani abu na al'adarsu, yana iya zama mana kamar camfi ne kawai, amma wadanda suka yi imani da shi za su warke. magunguna na zamani da na gargajiya suna tare”. Bernth Lindfors "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1979, in World Literature Written in English 18(1), pp. 60–62.

Wani jigo da ke bayyana a cikin ayyukan Ogot shi ne na mace da matsayin mace. A cikin labaran nata, Ogot ta nuna sha'awar al'amuran iyali, inda ta bayyana matsayin mata na gargajiya da na zamani da mata ke bi, musamman a cikin yanayin aure da al'adun Kiristanci. Gloria Chukukere, Gender Voices and Choices: Redefining Women in Contemporary African Fiction,
Fourth Dimension Publishing Co., 1995, pp. 60–62. Ana iya ganin irin wannan girmamawa a Ƙasar Alkawari, inda ra'ayoyin biyu na iyaye mata a matsayin masu kare 'ya'yansu da kuma manyan dangantakar miji da matar ubanni suna da yawa. Nici Nelson, "Representations of men and women, city and town in Kenyan novels of the 1970s and 1980s", in African Languages and Cultures, January 1996, 9(2): pp. 145–168. Masu suka irin su Maryse Condé sun ba da shawarar cewa yadda Ogot ya jaddada mahimmancin matsayin mace na aure, da kuma yadda ta nuna mata a matsayin al'ada, ya haifar da sautin ubangida a cikin labarunta. Chukukere, Gender Voices and Choices (1995), p. 218. Duk da haka, wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa matan da ke cikin ayyukan Ogot suma suna nuna ƙarfi da mutunci, kamar yadda yake a cikin "Kwandon Babu", inda bajintar babbar mace, Aloo, ya bambanta da gazawar halayen maza. Ko da yake ta haihu da ikirari da kanta, Aloo ta shawo kan wani yanayi mai hatsarin gaske da maciji, yayin da mutanen ke cikin firgita. Sai bayan ta tsawata wa mazajen da kunya, suka taso su halaka maciji. Grace Ify Achufusi, "Conceptions of Ideal Womanhood: The Example of Bessie Head and Grace Ogot", in Neohelicon, 2005 19(2): p. 95. A cikin gajerun labarai na Ogot, matan da aka zayyana galibi suna da azancin aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin "Rain ya zo", kuma ayyukanta a kai a kai suna jaddada bukatar fahimtar dangantaka tsakanin maza da mata. O. R. Dathorne. African Literature in the Twentieth Century, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1974, pp. 130–131.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai na Kenya, yayin da Kenya ke ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka, Ogot ta fuskanci matsaloli a ƙoƙarinta na farko na buga labaranta: "Na tuna ɗaukar wasu gajerun labarai na zuwa ga manaja [na Ofishin adabi na Gabashin Afirka], ciki har da Wanda daga baya aka buga a cikin Black Orpheus, sun kasa fahimtar yadda mace Kirista za ta iya rubuta irin waɗannan labaran, da hadayu da sadaukarwa, magungunan gargajiya da duka, maimakon rubuta game da Ceto da Kiristanci. daga mawallafin ‘yan mulkin mallaka waɗanda watakila suna tsoron fitar da marubuta masu tsattsauran ra’ayi masu sukar tsarin mulkin mallaka”. Bernth Lindfors "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1979, in World Literature Written in English 18(1), pp. 60–62.

Lee Nichols ya yi hira da ita a cikin 1974 don watsa shirye-shiryen rediyon Muryar Amurka da aka watsa tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1979 (Selson rediyon Muryar Amurka Tattaunawa da Marubutan Afirka, lamba 23). Laburaren Majalisa yana da kwafin kaset ɗin watsa shirye-shirye da ainihin hirar da ba a gyara ba. Rubutun watsa shirye-shiryen ya bayyana a cikin littafin 1981 Tattaunawa da Marubuta na Afirka . Conversations with African Writers (Washington, D.C.: Voice of America, 1981), p. 207–216.

Littattafai uku da ita ta buga bayan mutuwa, mijinta ne ya kaddamar a cikin 2018. John Oywa, "Author Grace Ogot won’t keep her pen down, even in death", Standard Digital, 11 March 2018.

 Labarai 
Daga tarin Library of Congress, Washington, DC:

 Aloo kod Apul-Apul (1981), in Luo.
 Ber wat (1981), in Luo.
 The Graduate, Nairobi: Uzima Press, 1980.
 Tsibirin Hawaye (gajerun labarai), Nairobi: Uzima Press, 1980.
 Ƙasa Ba Tare da Tsawa ba; gajerun labarai, Nairobi: Gidan Buga na Gabashin Afirka, 1968.
 Miaha (a Luo), 1983; Okoth Okombo ya fassara a matsayin Bride mai ban mamaki (1989)
 Sauran Matar: Zaɓaɓɓen Gajerun Labarai, Nairobi: Transafrica, 1976.
 Ƙasar Alkawari: labari, Nairobi: Gidan Buga na Gabashin Afirka, 1966.
 Amarya mai ban mamaki, wanda aka fassara daga Dholuo (wanda aka buga shi a matsayin Miaha, 1983) ta Okoth Okombo; Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya, 1989. ISBN 9966-46-865-X
 Simbi Nyaima - Lake that Sank (2018)
 The Royal Bead (2018)
 Gimbiya Nyilaak (2018)

 Duba kuma 

 Mutanen Luo na Kenya da Tanzaniya

 Nassoshi 

Category:Matattun 2015
Category:Kenya
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