Sankofa (fim)

Sankofa ( Amharic : Sankofa) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 1993 na Habasha wanda Haile Gerima ya jagoranta wanda ya shafi cinikin bayi na Atlantic . Labarin ya ƙunshi Oyafunmike Ogunlano, Kofi Ghanaba, Mutabaruka, Alexandra Duah, da Afemo Omilami . Kalmar Sankofa ta samo ma'anarta ne daga yaren Akan na Ghana wanda ke nufin "koma, nema, da samun hikima, iko da bege," a cewar Dr. Anna Julia Cooper.Special Issue Editor Introduction Sankofa The Deed of Memory". Phylon. 51 (1). 2014. ISSN 0031-8906. Kalmar Sankofa ta jaddada muhimmancin kada mutum ya yi nisa daga abin da ya gabata domin samun ci gaba a nan gaba. A cikin fim ]in, wani tsuntsu ne ya nuna Sankofa da rerawa oida wa walwar wa walwa na. Fim ɗin Gerima ya nuna mahimmancin rashin sa mutanen Afirka su yi nisa daga tushensu na Afirka. Gerima ya yi amfani da tafiya na halin Mona don nuna yadda fahimtar Afirka game da ainihi ya haɗa da gane tushen mutum da kuma "komawa ga tushen mutum" (Gerima).

 Makirci 
Fim ɗin ya fara ne da wani tsoho na Divine Drummer, Sankofa (wanda Kofi Ghanaba ya buga), yana wasa Fontomfrom ganguna yana rera kalmar "Ruhuwar matattu, tashi." Wannan ita ce hanyar sadarwarsa da kakanni na ƙasar Afirka, musamman Ghana. Busa ganguna yana da mahimmanci wajen kawo ruhun kakanninsa, waɗanda suka mutu a lokacin Maafa komawa gida. Labarin ya ci gaba da nunawa Mona (Oyafunmike Ogunlano), wani samfurin Ba-Amurke na zamani a cikin wani zaman hoto a gabar tekun Ghana . 

Za a yi zaman ne a Cape Coast Castle inda ta yi ta murzawa a ƙasa yayin da mai daukar hoto ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi tunanin tana jima'i da kyamara.  Mona ba ta da masaniya game da tarihin masana'antun bayi na Afirka ta Yamma kamar cinikin bayi na Cape Coast Castle  saboda an katse ta daga tushen Afirka na dogon lokaci. A yayin da Mona ke kan gabar tekun modeling, ta ci karo da wani dattijo mai ban mamaki Sankofa wanda ke buga ganguna a farkon fim din.Kandé, Sylvie; Karaganis, Joe (1998). "Look Homeward, Angel: Maroons and Mulattos in Haile Gerima's 'Sankofa'". Research in African Literatures. 29 (2): 128–146. JSTOR 3820726.

Sankofa ya ci gaba da tunatar da Mona don tunawa da abin da ta gabata kuma yana dagewa cewa Cape Coast Castle, tsohuwar masana'antar bayi, wuri ne mai tsarki, yayin da yake haɗa ruhin bayin Afirka waɗanda aka kama cikin sarƙoƙi daga Cape Coast zuwa Amurka.  Ya yi yunkurin hana masu yawon bude ido shiga wannan mashahuran masana'antar bayi.  Lokacin da Mona ta shiga masana'antar bayi, an dawo da ita a lokacin inda ƴan Afirka da yawa bayi suke kewaye da ita. Mona ta yi ƙoƙari ta kare daga masana'antar bayi kuma masu sayar da bayi na Turai sun same ta da ta yi ƙoƙarin yin tunani da'awar cewa ta sami 'yanci. Masu fataucin bayi ba su kula da ikirarin Mona na jan ta zuwa wuta inda suka tube rigarta, kuma suka yi mata da karfe mai zafi.https://articles.latimes.com/1995-05-12/entertainment/ca-65304_1_sankofa-indictment-powerful

Daga nan sai Mona ta dauki rayuwar wata baiwar gida mai suna Shola "domin ta yi rayuwar kakanninta bayi."  Ana kai ta zuwa gonar Lafayette a Kudancin Amurka inda ta fuskanci cin zarafi daga ubangidanta kuma galibi ana yi mata fyade. A kan shukar, Shola ta ci karo da Nunu (Alexandra Duah), wani ɗan ƙasa haifaffen Afirka wanda ya tuna da "tsofaffin hanyoyin" kuma an siffanta shi a matsayin "bawa mai ƙarfi mai uwa da tunani mai tawaye";  Noble Ali ( Afemo Omilami ), shugaba mai raba biyayya tsakanin iyayengijinsa da bayinsa kuma wanda yake matukar son Nunu kuma ya ki barin wani abu ya same ta; da Shango ( Mutabaruka ), wani bawan Indiya ta yamma mai tawaye wanda aka sayar wa Lafeytes bayan an dauke shi a matsayin mai tayar da hankali kuma wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama masoyin Shola.https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/08/movies/review-film-reliving-a-past-of-slavery.html

Sunan Shango sunan allahn Yarbawa na tsawa da walƙiya, kuma yana nuna aminci ga ’yan uwansa bayi har ya kai ga kasada ransa. Akwai lokatai da yawa inda ya sami kansa cikin matsala don ƙoƙarin yin yaƙi a madadin wani bawa.  Sau da yawa yakan yi taurin kai kamar ƙoƙarin sa Shola ta kashe mai kula da guba ko kuma ya yanke ƙwai don fushi. Da aka tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa ba kawai zai gudu daga gonar ba, sai ya ce saboda ba zai iya barin ’yan uwansa bayi ba. Dukansu Nunu da Shango suna adawa da kuma tawaye ga tsarin bayi ta hanyar yin duk abin da za su iya don samun 'yanci. Shola ta shaida Nunu da Shango suna shiga cikin ƙungiyar sirri da ke yin taro da daddare kuma suna da membobin da suka ƙunshi bayi daga gonar Lafayette da sauran gonaki. Da farko Shola ta yi ikirarin cewa ba za ta iya shiga kungiyar asiri ba saboda imanin Kirista.  Bayin al'umma gaba ɗaya sun yanke shawarar aiwatar da tawaye wanda ya bar gungun raƙuman sukari cikin toka.

Nunu ta shiga rikici da ɗanta mai suna Joe, wanda wani bature ne ya haife shi wanda ya yi wa Nunu fyade a cikin jirgin bawa. An mai da Joe (Nick Medley) bawa na kai kuma sau da yawa yakan hori wasu bayi domin ya sa maigidansa farin ciki. Joe gaba daya ya yi watsi da asalinsa na Afirka kuma yana ɗaukar kansa a matsayin ɗan fari Kirista.  Uba Raphel (Reginald Carter) wanda ya koya wa Joe cewa 'yan Afirka a kan shuka, ciki har da mahaifiyarsa, masu bautar shaidan ne kuma Joe ya kasa gane su.  Joe ya ƙare ya kashe mahaifiyarsa, Nunu, saboda ya yi imanin cewa ta mallaki. Daga baya ya gane cewa abin da ya yi yana damun kai kuma ba shi da dalilin yafewa kansa. Bayan mutuwar Nunu, wasu sun yi imanin cewa ta iya komawa gida bisa fikafikan tsuntsu, ma'ana cewa a ƙarshe burinta na komawa Afirka ya cika.

A tsawon fim din, Shola a hankali ta rikide daga zama bawa mai biyayya zuwa wanda ke samun rudani na tawaye bayan da Shango ya ba shi tsuntsun Sankofa.  Tsuntsun ya taba zama na mahaifin Shango kuma Shango ya yanke shawarar mika wa Shola bayan an yi mata bulala saboda yunkurin guduwa. Sakamakon jajircewar Nunu da Shango na bijire wa tsarin, Shola ta hada kai da su wajen yakar ubangidanta a wata tawaye inda ta ramawa farar fata wanda ya yi mata fyade ta kuma kashe shi.https://www.academia.edu/12591456 Bayan gwaje-gwajenta, Shola ta koma yanzu a matsayin Mona, tana sane da tushen Afirka.https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5buof_le-film-sankofa-pt-1_shortfilms An gaishe ta da wata mace wadda ta ce "Yarona, barka da dawowa" kuma ta wuce mai daukar hoto wanda ke nuna alamar mulkin mallaka da kuma yammacin Turai .  Mona a yanzu ta waye kuma ta burge da sautin wakokin Sankofa da gangunansa na Afirka. Ta shiga cikin gungun bakaken fata wadanda suma suka koyi ainihin abin da Sankofa yake nufi kuma suna sake haduwa da tushensu. Nunu ya fito daga gidan bayi yayin da Mona ke cikin hayyacinta tana zubar da hawayen murna. A halin yanzu, Sankofa the Divine Drummer yana buga gangunansa, yana rera: "Ruhun matattu, tashi ka mallaki ruhun sata na waɗanda aka sace a Afirka." Fim  ya ƙare da wani tsuntsu da ya tashi sama a sararin sama yana nuna 'yantar da waɗanda suka sami ainihin ma'anar kalmar "Sankofa" kuma suka sake haɗawa da abubuwan da suka gabata.

 Yin wasan kwaikwayo 

 Sankofa, Kofi Ghanaba
 Mona/Shola, Oyafunmike Ogunlano
 Nunu, Alexandra Duah
 Joe, Nick Medley
 Shango, Mutabaruka
 Afemo Omilami
 Reggie Carter
 Mzuri
 Jimmy Lee Savage
 Hasinatu Kamara
 Jim Faircloth
 Stanley Michelson
 John A. Mason
 Louise Reid
 Dokta Roger
 Alditz McKenzie
 Crispin Rigby
 Maxwell Parris
 Hossana Ghanaba

 Mahimman liyafar 
Sankofa ya lashe babbar kyauta a bikin fina-finan Afirka da aka yi a Italiya da kuma mafi kyawun fina-finai a bikin FESPACO na Pan-African Film Festival a Burkina Faso. 

Har ila yau, an jera fim ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Fina-Finai Masu Mahimmanci 500 don Haɓaka Babban ɗanɗano a Cinema ta furofesoshi na Nazarin Fina-finai a Jami'ar Harvard, a ƙarƙashin taken "fina-finai mafi mahimmanci a tarihin cinema na duniya, 1980-2000." 

"Fim din ya samu karbuwa sosai daga masu kallo, wanda ya burge ni sosai kamar yadda na ji a cikin wannan fitaccen wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon sa'o'i biyu." (William Beik, Yuli 1994)https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=15171 

"Fim din Haile Gerima na waka da cikakken bayani yana daukar masu sauraronsa a cikin rayuwar jarumar ta da tunaninta yayin da ake fuskantar kalubale da kuma canza dabi'arta. Babu wani mai kallo da zai iya guje wa tambayoyi marasa dadi da fim din ya haifar." 

"Gerima haifaffen Habasha, wanda aka fi sani da "Bush Mama" - hotonsa na 1976 na wata mata matalauta da ke zaune a Watts - ya kawo salo na musamman da kuma sau da yawa mai sauƙi amma mai iko na matsakaicin sa don fuskantar mummunar bautar da ta. dagewar mahimmanci, watakila kamar yadda babu wani ɗan fim da yake da shi." 

" Sankofa (1993) wani labari ne mai ban sha'awa na tarihi game da Maafa, Holocaust na Afirka. Wannan fim mai wadata yana kwatanta bautar da aka yi daga ra'ayin cewa yawancin Baƙar fata an hana su, tarihin su. Ya bincika jigogi na asarar ainihi da fahimtar launin fata; girmamawa da kuma komawa ga tushen kakanninmu, da kuma fahimtar alakar da ke tsakanin mutanen zuriyar Afirka da ke rayuwa a ko'ina cikin duniya."https://www.proquest.com/openview/cc605c53fa691780b831385288e441dd/1

"A bayyane yake, Gerima ya yi niyya ga Sankofa don faɗaɗa iyakokin wakilcin Baƙar fata ta hanyoyin da suka haɗa da hotuna daban-daban, na gaske, da ƙarfafawa kuma, bi da bi, ba da damar masu sauraron Baƙar fata su ga kansu a cikin sababbin hanyoyin da aka sake su daga manyan hotuna."https://islandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/dcislandora%3A52

 Nadin sarauta 
An zabi fim din don kyautar zinare a bikin 43rd na Berlin International Film Festival .http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1993/02_programm_1993/02_Programm_1993.html 

 Sake sakewa 
A cikin 2021, ARRAY ya sake sarrafa fim ɗin a cikin 4K tare da iyakancewar wasan wasan kwaikwayo tare da fitarwa akan Netflix a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2021.https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/news/haile-gerimas-sankofa-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2021/ Yana da farkon sake fitowar LA a DuVernay's Array Creative Campus.[ 

 Duba kuma 

 Futurism na Afirka
 Jerin fina-finan da ke nuna bauta
 Afrofuturism a cikin fim

 Kara karantawa 

 Pamela Woolford, PDF  "Bautar Yin Fim: Tattaunawa da Haile Gerima" Sauyi, Na 64. (1994), pp. 90-104.

 Nassoshi 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Sankofa Official Site
 Sankofa 
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba
Category:Fina-finai