Kore

Green shine launi (kore) tsakanin cyan da rawaya akan bakan da ake iya gani. Haske ne ke fitar da shi wanda ke da babban tsayin daka na kusan 495570 nm. A cikin tsarin launi masu rarrafe, ana amfani da su a cikin zane-zane da bugu na launi, an halicce shi ta hanyar haduwa da rawaya da cyan; a cikin samfurin launi na RGB, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kan talabijin da allon kwamfuta, yana daya daga cikin additives na farko launuka, tare da ja da blue, wadanda aka haɗe a cikin haduwa daban-daban don kirkirar duk sauran launuka. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi girma mai ba da gudummawa ga kore a yanayi shine chlorophyll, sinadaran da tsire-tsire ke yin photosynthesis ta hanyar canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin sinadarai. Halittu da yawa sun saba da yanayin korensu ta hanyar daukar koren launi da kansu a matsayin kamanni . Ma'adanai da yawa suna da launin kore, ciki har da emerald, wanda yake launin kore ta hanyar abun ciki na chromium .

A zamanin Turai na zamani da na zamani, kore shine launi da ake dangantawa da dukiya, 'yan kasuwa, masu banki, da dan kasa, yayin da aka kebe ja don masu sarauta. Don haka, kayan ado na Mona Lisa na Leonardo da Vinci da kuma benci a cikin House of Commons na Burtaniya suna da kore yayin da wadanda ke cikin House of Lords suke ja.  Hakanan yana da dogon al'adar tarihi azaman launi na Ireland da al'adun Gaelic . Ita ce kalar Musulunci mai tarihi, tana wakiltar ciyawar Aljanna . Kalar tutar Muhammadu ce, kuma tana cikin tutocin kusan dukkan kasashen Musulunci. 

A binciken da aka yi a kasashen Amurka da Turai da Musulunci, launin kore shi ne launin da aka fi dangantawa da yanayi, rayuwa, lafiya, matasa, bazara, bege, da hassada .  A cikin Tarayyar Turai da Amurka, kore kuma wani lokaci ana danganta shi da guba da rashin lafiya,  amma a cikin Sin da yawancin Asiya, gungiyoyi suna da kyau sosai, a matsayin alamar haihuwa da farin ciki.  Saboda haɗin kai da yanayi, shine launi na motsi na muhalli . Kungiyoyin siyasa masu fafutukar kare muhalli da tabbatar da adalci a cikin al'umma sun bayyana kansu a matsayin wani bangare na Green Movement, wasu na kiran kansu jam'iyyun Green . Wannan ya haifar da irin wannan kamfen a cikin talla, kamar yadda kamfanoni suka siyar da samfuran kore, ko abokantaka na muhalli . Green kuma shine launi na gargajiya na aminci da izini; Hasken kore yana nufin ci gaba, katin koren yana ba da izinin zama na dindindin a Amurka.

 Etymology da ma'anar harshe 
Kalmar kore ta fito ne daga kalmar Ingilishi ta Tsakiya da Tsohon Turanci Grene, wanda, kamar kalmar Jamusanci grün, yana da tushe iri daya da kalmomin ciyawa da girma . Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, The World Publishing Company, New York, 1964. Ya fito ne daga Common Germanic * Gronja -, wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin Old Norse grænn, Tsohon Babban Jamus gruoni (amma ba a tabbatar da shi a Gabashin Jamus ba), daga karshe daga tushen PIE * ghre- "don girma", da tushen-cognate tare da ciyawa . da girma . Amfani da kalmar farko da aka yi rikodi a matsayin kalmar launi a cikin Tsohon Turanci kwanakin zuwa ca. AD 700. Maerz and Paul (1930). A Dictionary of Color New York: McGraw-Hill p. 196

Har ila yau, Latin tare da viridis yana da ainihin kalmar da ake amfani da ita don "kore". Mai alaqa da virere "don girma" da kuma " bazara ", ya haifar da kalmomi a cikin yarukan Romance da yawa, fassarar Faransanci, verde na Italiyanci (da Turanci vert, verdure da dai sauransu. ).  Hakanan yaren Slavic tare da zelenъ . Tsohon Girkanci kuma yana da kalma don rawaya, koɗaɗɗen kore - χλωρός, chloros (cf. launi na chlorine), cognate tare da χλοερός "verdant" da χλόη " chloe, koren sabon girma".

Don haka, harsunan da aka ambata a sama (Jamus, Romance, Slavic, Greek) suna da tsoffin kalmomi na "kore" wadanda aka samo daga kalmomi don sabo, tsire-tsire masu tsiro. Duk da haka, kwatancen harshe ya bayyana a sarari cewa wadannan sharudan an kirkira su ne da kansu, cikin dan shekarun da suka wuce, kuma babu wata ma'anar Proto-Indo-Turai ko kalmar "kore". Alal misali, Slavic zelenъ yana hade da Sanskrit hari "rawaya, ocher, zinariya".  Har ila yau , Harsunan Turkic suna da jašɨl "kore" ko "koren rawaya", idan aka kwatanta da kalmar Mongolian don " makiyaya". 

 Harsuna inda kore da shuɗi launi ɗaya ne 
A wasu harsuna, ciki har da tsohon Sinanci, Thai, tsohon Jafananci, da Vietnamese, kalma daya na iya nufin ko dai shudi ko kore. Paul Kay and Luisa Maffi, "Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons", American Anthropologist, March 1999  Halin Sinanci青(lafazin qīng a cikin Mandarin, ao a cikin Jafananci, da Thanh a cikin Sino-Vietnamese ) yana da ma'anar da ke rufe duka shudi da kore; blue da kore a al'adance ana daukar inuwar "青". A cikin karin sharuddan zamani, sune藍( lán, a cikin Mandarin) da綠( lǜ, a cikin Mandarin) bi da bi. Har ila yau, Jafananci yana da kalmomi guda biyu wadanda ke nufin musamman ga launin kore,緑( midori, wanda ya samo asali ne daga kalmar fi'ili na Jafananci midoru "zama cikin leaf, don bunkasa" dangane da bishiyoyi) da グリーン ( guriin, wanda aka samo daga kalmar Ingilishi "kore"). Duk da haka, a Japan, ko da yake fitilu na zirga-zirga suna da launi iri daya kamar sauran kasashe, an kwatanta hasken kore ta amfani da kalma daya kamar blue, aoi, saboda ana daukar kore a matsayin inuwa na aoi; Hakazalika, koren bambance-bambancen wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari irin su koren apples, koren shiso (sai dai jajayen tuffa da ja shiso) za a siffanta su da kalmar aoi . Vietnamese yana amfani da kalma daya don duka shudi da kore, xanh, tare da bambance-bambancen kamar xanh da trời (azure, lit. "sky blue"), lam (blue), da lục (kore; kuma xanh lá cây, lit. "leaf kore").

"Green" a cikin harsunan Turai na zamani yayi daidai da kusan 520-570 nm, amma yawancin harsunan tarihi da wadanda ba na Turai ba suna yin wasu zabubbuka, misali ta amfani da kalma don kewayon ca. 450-530 nm ("blue/kore") da wani don ca. 530-590 nm ("kore/rawaya").A  kalmomi masu launi a cikin harsunan duniya, ana samun kore ne kawai a matsayin nau'i daban a cikin harsunan da ke da cikakkiyar kewayon launuka shida (fari, baki, ja, kore, rawaya, da shudi), ko da wuya a cikin tsarin da launuka biyar (fari, ja, rawaya, kore, da baki/blue).   Wadannan harsunan sun gabatar da karin kamus don nuna "kore", amma wadannan sharuddan ana iya gane su a matsayin tallafi na baya-bayan nan wadanda ba su cikin ka'idodin launi na asali (kamar ma'anar sifa ta Ingilishi kasancewar asalin ba kalmar launi bane amma sunan 'ya'yan itace). Don haka, kalmar Thai เขียว kheīyw, baya ga ma'anar "kore", kuma tana nufin "daraja" da "mai kamshi" kuma tana rike da wasu gungiyoyi marasa dadi. 

A cikin Jafananci na zamani, kalmar kore shine緑, yayin da tsohuwar kalmar "blue/kore", blue  yanzu tana nufin "blue". Amma a wasu mahallin, kore har yanzu ana kiransa 青, kamar yadda yake cikin blue  shudi  da blue  shudi , yana nuna rashin bambancin launin shudi-kore a cikin tsohuwar Jafananci (mafi daidai, da Kalmomin launi na Jafananci na gargajiya sun hada wasu tabarau na kore tare da shudi, wasu kuma tare da sautunan rawaya).

 A kimiyya 
alt=sRGB rendering of the spectrum of visible light|center|240x240px| Ma'anar sRGB na bakan haske na bayyane Launi Yawanci</br> ( THZ ) Tsawon tsayi</br> ( nm ) 668-789 380-450 610-668 450-490 575-610 490-520 526-575 520-570 508-526 570-590 484-508 590-620 400-484 620-770

 Launi mai launi da launi 
A cikin na'urorin gani, tsinkayen kore yana haifar da haske wanda ke da nau'ikan bakan da makamashi ke mamaye da tsayin daka na kusan 495-570 nm ku . Hankalin idon dan adam mai duhu ya fi girma a kusan 507 nm, launin shudi-kore, yayin da idon da ya dace da haske ya fi dacewa da 555 nm, rawaya-kore; wadannan su ne kololuwar wurare na sanda da mazugi (scotopic da hoto, bi da bi) ayyukan haske . 

Hankalin kore (wanda ke adawa da jajayen da ke samar da dayan hanyoyin adawa a cikin hangen nesa na dan adam) yana haifar da haske wanda ke haifar da kwayoyin mazugi na M mazugi a cikin ido fiye da L cones mai tsayi mai tsayi. Haske wanda ke haifar da wannan amsa kore fiye da launin rawaya ko shudi na sauran tsarin abokin adawar launi ana kiransa kore. Tushen hasken koren yawanci yana da rarraba wutar lantarki da makamashi ke mamaye shi tare da tsayin daka na kusan 487-570 nm. 

Manazarta

Category:Webarchive template wayback links
Category:Launin
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba