Kogin Osun

Kogin Ọsun wani lokaci, amma ba kasafai ake rubuta shi Oshun kogi ne da ke bi ta kudu ta Jahar Osun a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya zuwa gabar Legas da Tekun Atlantika Gulf of Guinea. Yana daya daga cikin koguna da dama da aka danganta a tatsuniyar gida cewa mata ne da suka rikide zuwa ruwa mai gudana bayan wani lamari mai ban tsoro ya tsorata su ko ya fusata suhttps://theconversation.com/nigerias-sacred-osun-river-supports-millions-of-people-but-pollution-is-making-it-unsafe-191152.

Sunan kogin ne bayan Oshun ko Oshun, daya daga cikin mafi shahara da girmama Orishashttps://books.google.com.ng/books?id=9h5KDRfZ-JgC&q=oshun+&pg=PA35&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=oshun&f=false. Bikin gargajiya na shekara-shekara da ake gudanarwa a dakin ibadar Shun da ke kusa da kogin Ọṣun da ke Osogbo ya zama sanannen yawon bude ido da yawon bude ido, inda ya ja hankalin jama’a daga ko’ina a Najeriya da kuma kasashen ketare zuwa bikin shekara-shekara a watan Agusta. Osun na daya daga cikin alloli na kogi a kasar Yarbawa, ta yi fice wajen samar da bukatun jama'a. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan ̣Sango, allahn Yarbawa na tsawa. Osun 'yar asalin Igede-Ekiti ce, hedkwatar karamar hukumar Irepodun/Ifelodun, jihar Ekiti, Najeriya saboda haka babban tushenta a Igede-Ekiti. Osun, yaro na uku a auren da aka yi tsakanin Ake (mafarauci kuma basarake daga Ile-Ife) da Erindo (matar Ake) wanda kuma zai kara haihuwar wasu 'ya'ya goma sha biyar da suka hada da shahararren Rivers Ogbese da Elemi. Yayin da Ogbese ya kasance sanannen tambarin tsohuwar Afrikola, kogin Elemi ya ci gaba da ƙawata kyawawan ƙasarmu. Osun, matar Alafin Sango ta biyu, ta koma kogi bayan ta sha kashi a takarar wanda ya gaji mahaifinsu, Ake. A wancan zamani, kiraye-kiraye shi ne mafi girman makamin yaki saboda haka, mafi wayo kuma mafi girman wanda ke dauke da ranar. Sunan garina, "Igede" ya samo asali ne daga "Ogede" - ma'ana incantation kuma a ƙarshe ya zama "Igede" ta hanyar ba da izini. Don haka, “Ilè Ògèdè ko Igede na nufin ƙasar ƙwazo. Igede-Ekiti gida ne da koguna sama da goma sha shida kuma ba a tabbatar da hakan ba ta wani ko wasu takardu cewa babu kogi da ke ratsawa zuwa Igede-Ekiti daga ko’ina, koguna suna kwarara daga Igede-Ekiti zuwa wasu garuruwa da wurare. Ubangijin kogin ya sami damar ba da jarirai bakarare kuma ya canza rayuwar mutane da yawahttps://books.google.com.ng/books?id=b7KbLLjzuRgC&q=Osun+River+Goddess&pg=PA132&redir_esc=y. Haka kuma an sami labaran ƙagaggun labarai da yawa game da baiwar Allah Osun, misali, Shegun Coker da la’anannen haikali na Kolawole Michael, 2008.https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=XIx0TjQb8yEC&q=Osun+River&pg=PA10&redir_esc=y. A cikin 2018, kwatsam kwatsam kogin ya fara canza launi da bincike ta Urban Alert (wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta) ta bayyana cewa ayyukan hakar zinare masu lasisi ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba tare da ka'ida ba a babban matakin shine tushen dalilin.https://www.thecable.ng/investigation-how-illegal-mining-fuels-poverty-river-pollution-sacred-grove-desecration-in-osun/amp. Ayyukan wadannan masu hakar ma'adinai sun gurbata kogin da manyan karafa, wanda hakan ke barazana ga kogin da kuma Alfarmar Osun Osogbo.

 Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove 
Babban dajin Osun Sacred Grove, da ke wajen birnin Osogbo, na daya daga cikin ragowar dajin farko na farko a kudancin Najeriya. Wanda ake yi wa kallon gidan baiwar Allahn haihuwa Osun, daya daga cikin manyan alloli na Yarabawa, filin kurmi da magudanar ruwa yana cike da wuraren tsafi da wuraren ibada, sassaka-tsalle da ayyukan fasaha don girmama Osun da sauran ababen bauta. Tsarkakakken kurmi, wanda yanzu ake ganin alama ce ta ainihi ga dukan mutanen Yarbawa, mai yiwuwa shi ne na ƙarshe a al'adar Yarbawa. Yana ba da shaida ga al'adar kafa tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi a wajen duk ƙauyukahttps://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1118/. 

 Taƙaitaccen kira 
Karni da suka wuce akwai tsattsarkan kurmi a kasar Yarbawa: kowane gari yana da daya. Yawancin waɗannan kurruka yanzu an yi watsi da su ko kuma sun ragu zuwa ƙananan yankuna. Osun-Osogbo, a tsakiyar Osogbo, babban birnin jihar Osun, an kafa shi kimanin shekaru 400 da suka gabata a yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, mai tazarar kilomita 250 daga Legas shine mafi girman kurmi mai tsarki da ya wanzu kuma wanda har yanzu ake girmamawa. Babban dajin Osun Tsarkakakken Grove na daga cikin ragowar manyan dazuzzukan kudancin Najeriya. Ta cikin dajin yana nufin kogin Osun, wurin zama na ruhaniya na allahn kogin Osun. A cikin dajin akwai wuraren ibada arba'in, sassaka-tsalle da ayyukan fasaha da aka gina don girmama Osun da sauran gumakan Yarabawa, da yawa an ƙirƙira su a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata, fadoji biyu, wurare masu tsarki guda biyar da wuraren ibada guda tara waɗanda aka rataye a bakin kogin tare da naɗaɗɗen limamai da limamai da kuma wuraren ibada. malaman addini.

Sabuwar fasahar da aka girka a cikin kurmi ta kuma banbanta ta da sauran kurmi: A yanzu Osogbo ta sha bamban wajen samar da wani katafaren sassa na sassa na karni na 20 da aka yi domin karfafa alakar da ke tsakanin jama’a da ‘yan kabilar Yarbawa, da kuma yadda garuruwan Yarbawa suka danganta kafuwarsu. da girma ga ruhohin daji. Maido da kurmin da masu fasaha suka yi ya bai wa kurmin muhimmanci: ya zama wuri mai tsarki ga daukacin kasar Yarabawa kuma alama ce ta ainihi ga babban yankin Yarbawa. Grove wuri ne na addini mai aiki inda ake yin ibada ta yau da kullun, mako-mako da kowane wata. Bugu da kari, bikin muzahara na shekara-shekara na sake kulla alaka ta sufa tsakanin baiwar Allah da mutanen garin na faruwa ne duk shekara sama da kwanaki goma sha biyu a watan Yuli da Agusta kuma ta haka ne ake raya al'adun kabilar Yarbawa. Har ila yau, Grove wani kantin magani ne na ganyaye wanda ke ɗauke da nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 400, wasu endemic, waɗanda sama da nau'ikan 200 an san su don amfani da magani.

Ma'auni (ii): Ci gaban Harkar Sabbin Mawaƙa Masu Tsarkaka da shigar Suzanne Wenger, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ɗan ƙasar Ostiriya, cikin al'ummar Yarbawa sun tabbatar da cewa sun kasance musayar ra'ayi mai kyau wanda ya farfado da tsattsarkan Grove Osun. 

Ma'auni (iii): Osun Tsarkakakken Grove shine mafi girma kuma watakila shine kawai abin da ya rage na wani al'amari da ya taɓa yaɗuwa wanda ya saba da kowane yanki na Yarbawa. Yanzu yana wakiltar tsattsarkan Grooves na Yarbawa da kuma yadda suke nuna ilimin sararin samaniyar Yarabawa. Ma'auni (vi): Kurmin Osun wani mahimmin bayani ne na tsarin duban Yarbawa da tsarin sararin samaniya; Bikinsa na shekara-shekara yana da rayayye da haɓaka ra'ayi ga imanin Yarbawa game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane, mai mulkinsu da allahn Osun.

 Mutunci 
Dukiyar ta ƙunshi kusan ɗaukacin kurmi mai tsarki da kuma duk abin da aka maido a cikin shekaru arba'in kafin a rubuta shi. Wasu daga cikin sassa na baya-bayan nan suna da rauni ga rashin kulawa akai-akai wanda aka ba da kayansu - siminti, ƙarfe da laka - na iya haifar da matsalolin kiyayewa masu wahala da tsada.

Grove kuma yana da rauni ga wuce gona da iri da matsin lamba wanda zai iya lalata daidaito tsakanin al'amuran halitta da mutanen da suka wajaba don kiyaye halaye na ruhaniya na rukunin yanar gizon.

 Gaskiya 
Sahihancin Kurmi yana da alaƙa da ƙimarsa a matsayin wuri mai tsarki. Za a iya ci gaba da ƙarfafa ɗabi'ar tsarki na wurare idan ana mutunta wannan tsarki sosai. A cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata sabbin sassaka sassaka a cikin Kurmi sun yi tasiri na ƙarfafa halaye na musamman na Kurmi tare da mayar masa da halayensa na ruhaniya waɗanda ke cike da darajar al'adu.

A sa'i daya kuma sabbin sassaka na daga cikin dogon tarihi da ke ci gaba da yin al'adar sassaka da aka kirkira don nuna ilmin sararin samaniyar Yarbawa. Kodayake tsarin su yana nuna sabon salon tafiya, ba a ƙirƙiri ayyukan ba don ɗaukaka masu fasaha amma ta hanyar girman girmansu da siffofi masu ban tsoro don sake tabbatar da tsarkin Grove. Sabbin sassaƙaƙen sun cimma manufarsu kuma a halin yanzu Kurmin yana da fa'ida fiye da na gida a matsayin wuri mai tsarki ga Yarbawa.

 Kariya da buƙatun gudanarwa 
An fara ayyana Grove a matsayin abin tunawa na ƙasa a cikin 1965. An gyara wannan sunan na asali kuma an faɗaɗa shi a cikin 1992 don kare dukkanin hectare 75. Tsarin al’adun Nijeriya na 1988 ya bayyana cewa ‘Jahar za ta adana a matsayin abubuwan tarihi na tsofaffin ganuwar da kofofi, wurare, fadoji, wuraren ibada, gine-ginen jama’a, inganta gine-gine masu mahimmancin tarihi da manyan sassaka’. A karkashin dokar amfani da filaye ta shekarar 1990 gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta baiwa gwamnatin jihar Osun rikon kwarya.

Grove yana da ingantaccen tsarin gudanarwa wanda ya shafi lokacin 2004 - 2009 wanda duk masu ruwa da tsaki suka amince da shi kuma rukunin yana jin daɗin tsarin gudanarwa na haɗin gwiwa. Gwamnatin Tarayya tana gudanar da wurin ne ta hannun manajan wurin hukumar kula da gidajen tarihi da tarihi na kasa kamar yadda dokar ta 77 ta shekarar 1979 ta ba da izini. Hakazalika gwamnatin jihar Osun tana bayar da gudunmawar kariya da kula da shi ta hanyar kananan hukumomi da ma’aikatu da Parastatals, wadanda kuma aka basu dama. ta dokar jihar don sarrafa abubuwan tarihi na jihar. 

Ana gudanar da ayyuka na gargajiya da al'adun gargajiya ta hanyar Ataoja (Sarki) da majalisarsa - Majalisar Al'adun Osogbo. Akwai ayyuka na gargajiya da aka yi amfani da su don kare wurin daga kowace irin barazana kamar dokokin gargajiya, tatsuniyoyi, haramun da al'adu da ke hana mutane kamun kifi, farauta, farauta, sare bishiyoyi da noma.

Masu bautar gargajiya da masu sadaukarwa suna kula da gadon da ba a taɓa gani ba ta hanyar ruhi, bauta da alama. Akwai kwamitin gudanarwa wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki, waɗanda ke aiwatar da manufofi, ayyuka da ayyuka don ci gaban dawwamammen wurin. Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove kuma wani bangare ne na babban tsarin raya yawon bude ido na kasa da aka kafa tare da Hukumar Kula da Yawon shakatawa ta Duniya (WTO) da Hukumar Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP). Bukin Osun Osogbo da ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara zai bukaci a kula da shi sosai ta yadda wurin ba zai sake fuskantar illar yawon bude ido a lokacin bikin ba.

Har ila yau, Grove zai zama abin koyi na al'adun Afirka da ke kiyaye kyawawan dabi'u da ma'auni na mutanen Osogbo musamman, da kuma dukan mutanen Yarbawa. A matsayin abin alfahari a gare su, Kurmin zai kasance gadon gado mai albarka wanda ke da alamomin gargajiya da kuma ingantacciyar hanyar isar da addinan gargajiya, da tsarin ilimin 'yan asalin, ga mutanen Afirka a ƙasashen waje.https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1118/

 Gurbacewa 
Kogin wanda ya ratsa jihohi biyar a yankin kafin ya kwarara zuwa mashigin tekun Guinea, a baya-bayan nan ya gurbace sakamakon ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na kauyukan da ke kusa. Kogin ya fuskanci gurbacewar roba, da gurbacewar karafa sakamakon hako zinare ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma gurbatar sharar da mutane ke yi.https://theconversation.com/nigerias-sacred-osun-river-supports-millions-of-people-but-pollution-is-making-it-unsafe-191152 Aikin hakar ma’adinai ya fi yawa a Najeriya. Yayin da wasu masu sana'a suka ƙware akan ajiyar kuɗi kuma suna amfani da kayan aikin haske kamar shebur, wasu, waɗanda ƙananan ƴan kasuwa ke goyan bayansu, suna amfani da kayan aiki masu nauyi kamar masu tonawa. Mazauna Osun sun gano wasu ‘yan China da ke marawa baya wadanda suka hada jami’an tsaro da makamai tare da yin aiki a boye. Akwai wuraren hakar ma'adinai da yawa da aka bazu a gefen kogin da magudanan ruwa. Sai dai kuma Osun ita ce wurin da ake hakar gwal na kasuwanci daya tilo a Najeriya.Gwamnatin Osun ta shawarci masu yawon bude ido da masu kishin kasa da maziyartan zuwa babban bikin Osun Osogbo da kada su sha ruwa daga kogin Osun saboda gurbatar yanayi.https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/9/2/photos-the-pollution-of-nigerias-sacred-osun-riverhttps://www.africanews.com/2022/08/29/nigeria-the-osun-sacred-river-highly-polluted-by-toxic-metals/https://dailytrust.com/cry-me-a-river-how-gold-polluted-nigerias-sacred-osun-river/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/548204-osun-osogbo-festival-govt-warns-devotees-tourists-against-drinking-from-river.html?tztc=1

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