Ƙirar Ƙanƙarar Mass Balance Inter-Comparison Exercise

The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE) wani haɗin gwiwar kimiyya ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ke ƙoƙarin inganta ƙididdiga na gudummawar takardar ƙanƙara na Antarctic da Greenland don haɓɓaka matakin teku da buga bayanai da nazari game da waɗannan batutuwa. An kafa IMBIE acikin 2011 kuma haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai (ESA) da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Amurka (NASA) na Amurka, kuma tana bada gudummawa ga rahoton kimantawa na Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC). IMBIE ta haifar da ingantacciyar kwarin gwiwa kan auna ma'aunin ma'aunin kankara da gudummawar matakin teku na duniya. Alt URL Alt URL An sami cigaba ta hanyar haɗin ƙididdiga na rashin daidaituwar takardar ƙanƙara da aka haɓɓaka daga fasahar tauraron dan adam mai zaman kanta na altimetry, gravimetry da hanyar shigar da bayanai. Cigaba, IMBIE yana ba da tsari don tantance ma'auni mai yawa na kankara, kuma yana da maƙasudi bayyananne don faɗaɗa sa hannu don baiwa al'ummar kimiyya gaba ɗaya su shiga.

 Sakamako 

 IMBIE 2012 
Aikin IMBIE ya samar da kimantawa na farko na ma'aunin ƙanƙara acikin 2012 a matsayin gudummawa kai tsaye ga rahoton kimantawa ta biyar na Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi.Shepherd, A.; Ivins, E. R.; A, G.; Barletta, V. R.; Bentley, M. J.; Bettadpur, S.; Briggs, K. H.; Bromwich, D. H.; Forsberg, R.; Galin, N.; Horwath, M. (November 30, 2012). "A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance". Science. 338 (6111): 1183–1189. Bibcode:2012Sci...338.1183S. doi:10.1126/science.1228102. hdl:2060/20140006608. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23197528. S2CID 32653236.IMBIE 2012 ya haɗada ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta masana kimiyya 47 da ke zaune a cibiyoyi 26 daban-daban, kuma Andrew Shepherd da Erik Ivins ne suka jagoranci su. Acikin binciken shekaru 19 (1992 - 2011), an kiyasta matsakaicin daidaitattun ma'auni na kankara na Antarctic da Greenland ya zama -71 ± 53 da -152 ± 49 Gt yr-1, bi da bi, kuma jimlar asarar kankara ya daidaita da hauhawar duniya a matakin teku na 11.1 ± 3.8 mm. Binciken yankunan kankara na kankara da aka nuna cewa Greenland, Yammacin Antarctic da Antarctic Peninsula duk sun rasa nauyi tsakanin 1992 da 2011, yayin da kankara na Gabashin Antarctic ya sami karamin girma. Yankin kankara na Greenland shine mafi girma kuma ya kai kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na asarar kankara a lokacin binciken. A cikin Antarctica, mafi girman asarar ya faru a Yammacin Antarctic Ice Sheet. Koyaya, duk da mamaye kashi 4% kawai na jimlar yankin kankara, yankin Antarctic ya kai kusan kashi 25% na asarar Antarctic.

 IMBIE 2018 (Antarctica) 
Acikin 2018 aikin IMBIE ya samar da ingantaccen ƙima na asarar ƙanƙara a Antarctica, tare da haɗa binciken tauraron dan adam 24 wanda masana kimiyya 84 suka samar daga ƙungiyoyin duniya 44.Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; Rignot, Eric; Smith, Ben; van den Broeke, Michiel; Velicogna, Isabella; Whitehouse, Pippa; Briggs, Kate; Joughin, Ian; Krinner, Gerhard; Nowicki, Sophie (June 2018). "Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017". Nature. 558 (7709): 219–222. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..219I. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y. hdl:2268/225208. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 29899482. S2CID 49188002. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Alt URLAcikin wannan kimantawa, aikin IMBIE ya ba da rahoton cewa tsakanin 1992 da 2017 Antarctica sun rasa tan biliyan 2720±1390 na kankara,dai-dai da ƙaruwar matakan teku na duniya da 7.6 ± 3.9 mm. Kafin shekara ta 2012, Antarctica ta yi asarar kankara a matsakaicin adadin tan biliyan 76 a kowace shekara - 0.2 mm kowace shekara gudummawar zuwa hawan teku.Dukda haka, tun daga lokacin an sami karuwa mai kaifi, sau uku - tsakanin 2012 da 2017 Antarctica tana asarar tan biliyan 219 na kankara a kowace shekara, 0.6 mm a kowace shekara gudunmawar matakin teku.  Kusan duk ƙanƙarar da ta ɓace daga Antarctica ta samo asali ne ta hanyar ɗumamar tekuna da ke narkar da glaciers ɗinsu, wanda ke sasu sauri. Kwatanta da hasashen hawan teku da aka bayar a rahoton kima na biyar na kwamitin gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi ya bayyana cewa asarar ƙanƙara ta Antarctic tana bin mafi munin yanayin ɗumamar yanayi, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin 10. cm na matakin teku ya tashi da 2100.

 IMBIE 2020 (Greenland) 
Acikin 2020 aikin IMBIE ya samar da sabunta ƙima na asarar ƙanƙara a Greenland, tareda haɗa binciken tauraron ɗan adam 26 wanda masana kimiyya 96 suka samar daga ƙungiyoyin duniya 50.Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; Rignot, Eric; Smith, Ben; van den Broeke, Michiel; Velicogna, Isabella; Whitehouse, Pippa; Briggs, Kate; Joughin, Ian; Krinner, Gerhard; Nowicki, Sophie (March 2020). "Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018". Nature. 579 (7798): 233–239. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31822019. S2CID 209316760. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Alt URLSakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa Greenland tayi asarar tan biliyan 3902 ± 342 na ƙanƙara tun 1992 - wanda ya isa ya tura matakan tekun duniya sama da 10.8 ± 0.9 millimeters.Adadin asarar ƙanƙara ya karu daga tan biliyan 34 a kowace shekara a cikin shekarun 1990 zuwa tan biliyan 234 a kowace shekara acikin shekaru goma da suka gabata - ƙaruwa sau bakwai cikin shekaru talatin. Tawagar ta kuma yi amfani da nau'ikan yanayi na yanki don nuna cewa rabin asarar kankara na faruwa ne sakamakon narkewar saman yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi.Sauran rabin ya kasance saboda karuwar glacier kwarara, wanda ya haifar da hauhawar yanayin teku. Asarar ƙanƙara ta kai tan biliyan 345 a kowace shekara a shekara ta 2011 - sau goma na adadin shekarun 1990 - a lokacin tsananin narkewar saman. Ko da yake yawan asarar ƙanƙara ya ragu zuwa matsakaicin tan biliyan 206 a kowace shekara tun daga lokacin, wannan ya ragu sau bakwai fiye da asarar ƙanƙara a shekarun 1990 kuma baya haɗada duk shekarar 2019, wanda zai'iya haifar da wani sabon matsayi saboda yaɗuwar narkewar bazara. Kwatanta da hasashen hawan teku da aka bayar a rahoton kima na biyar na kwamitin gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi ya bayyana cewa asarar kankara na Greenland yana bin mafi munin yanayin dumamar yanayi, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin 7. cm na matakin teku ya tashi da 2100.

Idan aka hada duka zanen kankara, yawan asarar kankara ya karu da kashi shida cikin shekaru talatin kacal, daga tan biliyan 81 a kowace shekara a shekarun 1990 zuwa tan biliyan 475 a kowace shekara a cikin 2010s. Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; Rignot, Eric; Smith, Ben; van den Broeke, Michiel; Velicogna, Isabella; Whitehouse, Pippa; Briggs, Kate; Joughin, Ian; Krinner, Gerhard; Nowicki, Sophie (June 2018). "Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017". Nature. 558 (7709): 219–222. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..219I. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y. hdl:2268/225208. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 29899482. S2CID 49188002. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Alt URL Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; Rignot, Eric; Smith, Ben; van den Broeke, Michiel; Velicogna, Isabella; Whitehouse, Pippa; Briggs, Kate; Joughin, Ian; Krinner, Gerhard; Nowicki, Sophie (March 2020). "Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018". Nature. 579 (7798): 233–239. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31822019. S2CID 209316760. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Alt URL Wannan yana nufin cewa igiyoyin kankara na polar a yanzu sune ke da alhakin kashi uku na duk hawan teku. 

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 Yanar Gizo: imbie.org