Tierra helada

Tierra Helada (Mutanen Espanya "daskararren guri"), kuma aka sani da Tierra Nevada (Mutanen Espanya a  "ƙasar dusar ƙanƙara"),kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a Latin Amurka don komawa zuwa mafi girman wuraren da aka samu acikin tsaunukan Andes.

Tierra Helada ya ƙunshi ciyayi na montane da ciyayi, sunis, punas da páramos tsakanin layin bishiyar da layin dusar ƙanƙara. Kalmar tierra helada daidai ce ta mahangar yanayi, saboda ƙasarta ta kasance "daskararre", tana saman layin dusar ƙanƙara. A arewacin Andes, na karshen yana kan tsayin kusan 15,000 ft (ko kusan 4,500 m). Zech, W. and Hintermaier-Erhard, G. (2002); Böden der Welt – Ein Bildatlas, Heidelberg, p. 98.Christopher Salter, Joseph Hobbs, Jesse Wheeler and J. Trenton Kostbade (2005); Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. NY: Harcourt Brace. p.464-465.

Masanin yanki na Peruvian Javier Pulgar Vidal ( yanayin Altitudinal ) yayi amfani da tsaunuka masu zuwa:

  as the border between the tropical rainforest and the subtropical cloud forest
  m as the end of the subtropical cloud forest (Yunga fluvial)
  m as the tree line
  m as the puna endPulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de historia natural „Javier Prado", n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161.

 Duba kuma 

 Altitudinal zone
 Tsarin yanayi na Köppen
 Yankunan rayuwa na Peru
 Tierra caliente, iyakar ecoregion: 2,500 ft ko 1,000 m (Javier Pulgar Vidal)
 Tierra templada, iyakar ecoregion: 6,000 ft ko 2,300m (Javier Pulgar Vidal)
 Tierra fría, iyakar ecoregion, layin itace: 12,000 ft ko 3,500 m (Javier Pulgar Vidal)

 Manazarta