Tebessa

Tébessa ko Tebessa (  Tibissa, Tbessa ko Tibesti ), Theveste na gargajiya, babban birnin lardin Tébessa ne a arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya . Tana da wuraren tarihi da dama, mafi mahimmanci shine bangon da ya kewaye birnin da ƙofofinsa. An kuma san birnin da kafet ɗin Aljeriya na gargajiya. Tébessa gida ce ga mutane sama da 190,000 a cikin 2007.

 Suna 
Tebessa,rubuta  a cikin Faransanci, tsohuwar Helenawa an san su da  (  ) ko  ( , 'Ƙofofi ɗari'). An yi wannan Latin a matsayin Theveste .

 Tarihi 
A zamanin da,Theveste ya kafa wani ɓangare na daular Roma.

Bayan kafuwar Daular Rum,rundunar ta 3 ga Augustan ta kasance a Theveste kafin a tura ta zuwa Lambaesis.Daga baya Theveste ya zama mulkin mallaka na Romawa,mai yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin Trajan a farkon karni na 2.A lokacin Trajan birni ne mai bunƙasa tare da mazauna kusan 30,000.Rushewar da ke rayuwa a cikin Tebessa na yau suna da wadatuwa da yawa a cikin tsoffin abubuwan tarihi,daga cikinsu akwai babban baƙon nasara na Caracalla,haikalin Roman,da Basilica na Kirista na ƙarni na 4.

Akwai ambaton majalisa da masu ba da taimako suka yi a wurin.Daga cikin tsarkaka akwai bishop Lucius,wanda ya taimaka a Majalisar Carthage ta 256 kuma ya mutu a matsayin shahidi bayan shekaru biyu;Maximilianus,ya yi shahada a ranar 12 ga Maris 295;da Crispina,ya yi shahada a ranar 5 ga Disamba 304.Wasu daga cikin sauran bishop din an san su: Romulus a cikin 349;Urbicus a cikin 411; Felix ya kori da Vandals a cikin 484; Palladius da aka ambata a cikin wani rubutu.

A cikin ƙarni na 4th da 5th,Theveste ya kasance babban wurin Manichaeism kuma.A watan Yuni na shekara ta 1918, an gano wani codex na Latin na ganye 26 da Manichaeans suka rubuta a cikin wani kogo kusa da birnin.Bayan wata daya, Henri Omont ya sami sauran ganyen farko guda 13.Dukan littafin yanzu ana kiransa da Tebessa codex kuma ana ajiye shi a Cologne.Markus Stein ne ya gyara shi.

Patrician Solomon ya sake gina Theveste a farkon mulkin Justinian I.Sulemanu ya gina kabarinsa a Theveste,wanda har yanzu akwai.

A karni na 7,mamayar musulmi ta rage wa Theveste muhimmanci amma bai halaka ta gaba daya ba.A cikin karni na 11,Banu Hilal,ƙabilar Larabawa da ke zaune tsakanin kogin Nilu da Bahar Maliya,sun zauna a Tripolitania,Tunisia,da Constantinois(yankin da ke kusa da Constantine da Tebessa).

A cikin karni na 16,daular Ottoman ta kafa wani karamin sansanin Janissaries a Tebessa.

A cikin 1851,Faransawa sun mamaye garin.Ya zama babban birnin lardinsa, sannan yanki ne na sashen Constantine a Aljeriya.Daga baya,an mayar da yankinta zuwa sashen Bône.Bayan Aljeriya ta sami 'yancin kai,ta zama babban birnin lardinta mai suna.

 Babban abubuwan gani 

 Arch na Caracalla,Bakin nasara na Romawa(AD 214).
 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Roman
 Haikali na Minerva(farkon karni na 3 AD),tare da ganuwar da aka yi wa ado da mosaics.
 Amphitheater(karni na 4 AD)
 Rago na Basilica na St.Crispina (karni na 4 AD),ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a Afirka. Berbers ne suka lalata shi a wani yanki,kuma a cikin 535 Janar na Rumawa Sulemanu ya sake gina shi.Tana da ɗakunan karatu,wuraren baftisma, catacombs,da lambuna,da shimfidar shimfidar wuri.
 Ganuwar Byzantine(ƙarni na 6), wanda aka fi sani da "Banganu Sulemanu"kuma hasumiya mai murabba'i goma sha uku ke gefenta.
 Archaeological gidan kayan gargajiya.

 Yanayi 
Tébessa tana da yanayi mara kyau( Köppen weather classification BSk),tare da zafi,bushewar lokacin rani da sanyi, ɗan sanyin sanyi.

 Sufuri 
An haɗa Tébessa ta hanya da jirgin ƙasa tare da sauran sassan Aljeriya da Tunisiya.Filin jirgin saman Tébessa ne ke ba da shi don jigilar jiragen sama.
Hotuna

 Nassoshi 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki 

 Stein (M.)(ed.Manichaica Latina 3.1. Codex Thevestinus(Papyrologica Coloniensia juzu'in 27/3.1.) Paderborn,Munich,Vienna da Zurich:Ferdinand Schöngh, 2004, Pp. xx + 328.
 Stein(M.)(ed.Manichaica Latina 3.2. Codex Thevestinus(Papyrologica Coloniensia juzu'in 27/3.2. )Paderborn,Munich,Vienna da Zurich:Ferdinand Schöngh,2006,Pp. vi + 81,rashin lafiya.

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 


 Official site of Tebessa
 Acta Maximiliani Martyris
 Page with photos of ancient ruins  

Category:Biranen Aljeriya