HMS Hood

HMS Hood ( lamba mai lamba 51) ɗan  Jirgin yaƙin sojan ruwa ne na Royal Navy (RN). Hood shi ne na farko daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka tsara Admiral-class  s da za a gina a lokacin yakin duniya na farko . Tuni da ake ginawa a lokacin da yakin Jutland ya faru a tsakiyar 1916, yakin ya bayyana manyan kurakurai a cikin tsarinta duk da tsattsauran bita da aka yi kafin a kammala ta bayan shekaru hudu. A saboda wannan dalili, ita ce kawai jirgi na ajin ta da aka kammala, yayin da Admiralty ya yanke shawarar zai fi kyau a fara da tsaftataccen tsari a kan jiragen ruwa masu nasara, wanda ke kaiwa ga G-3 da ba a taɓa ginawa ba. Duk da bayyanar sabbin jiragen ruwa da na zamani, Hood ta kasance jirgin ruwan yaki mafi girma a duniya tsawon shekaru 20 bayan kaddamar da aikinta, kuma darajarta ta bayyana a cikin laƙabin da ake mata, "The Mighty Hood".

Hood ta shiga cikin atisayen nunin tuta da yawa tsakanin aikinta a 1920 da barkewar yaƙi a 1939, gami da atisayen horo a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum da kewayar duniya tare da Squadron na Musamman a 1923 da 1924. Ta kasance maƙwabta a cikin tekun Mediterrenean bayan barkewar yakin Italo na biyu a 1935. Lokacin da yakin basasa na Spain ya barke a shekara mai zuwa, an sanya Hood bisa hukuma zuwa Rukunin Rukunin Rum har sai ta koma Biritaniya a 1939 don gyarawa. A wannan lokacin, ci gaban da aka samu a cikin bindigogin sojan ruwa ya rage  Hood . An shirya yi mata wani babban gini a shekara ta 1941 don gyara waɗannan batutuwa, amma barkewar yakin duniya na biyu a watan Satumba na 1939 ya sa jirgin ya ci gaba da aiki ba tare da an inganta shi ba.

Lokacin da aka ayyana yaki da Jamus, Hood tana aiki a yankin da ke kusa da Iceland, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa masu zuwa tana farautar masu fafutuka na kasuwanci na Jamus da masu tsere tsakanin Iceland da Tekun Norway . Bayan ɗan taƙaitaccen gyaran tsarin tafiyar da ita, ta yi tafiya a matsayin tutar Force H, kuma ta shiga cikin halakar sojojin Faransa a Mers-el-Kebir . An canza shi zuwa Gidan Gidan Gida ba da daɗewa ba, an aika Hood zuwa Scapa Flow, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin yankin a matsayin masu rakiya kuma daga baya a matsayin kariya daga yuwuwar mamayewar Jamus .

A watan Mayun 1941, an umurci Hood da jirgin yakin Prince of Wales su shiga German battleship Bismarck da jirgin ruwa mai nauyi Prinz Eugen, wadanda ke kan hanyar zuwa Tekun Atlantika, inda za su kai hari kan ayarin motocin. A ranar 24 ga Mayu 1941, a farkon Yaƙin Denmark Strait, Hood ya buge da harsashi da yawa na Jamus, ya fashe, ya nutse tare da asarar duka 3 na ma'aikatanta na 1,418. Saboda rashin nasara da aka yi mata a bainar jama'a, asarar ta shafi halin Biritaniya.

Hukumar RN ta gudanar da bincike guda biyu kan dalilan da suka sa jirgin ya yi sauri. Na farko, wanda aka gudanar ba da daɗewa ba bayan asarar jirgin, ya  da cewa mujallar Hood aft ta fashe bayan da ɗaya daga cikin harsashi  Bismarck ya shiga cikin sulke na jirgin. An gudanar da bincike na biyu bayan korafin cewa hukumar ta farko ta kasa yin la’akari da wasu karin bayani, kamar fashewar guguwar jirgin. Ya kasance mai zurfi fiye da allon farko amma ya dace da ƙarshen hukumar ta farko. Duk da bayanin da aka yi a hukumance, wasu masana tarihi sun ci gaba da gaskata cewa guguwar ta yi sanadin asarar jirgin, yayin da wasu suka ba da shawarar fashewar bazata a cikin daya daga cikin harsashin bindigar jirgin da ya shiga cikin mujallar. Wasu masana tarihi sun mayar da hankali kan musabbabin fashewar mujallar. Gano tarkacen jirgin a shekara ta 2001 ya tabbatar da ƙarshen allunan biyu, ko da yake ba za a iya sanin ainihin dalilin da ya sa mujallun suka tarwatse ba, tun da fashewar wannan yanki na jirgin ya lalace.

 Zane da bayanin 
An ƙera jiragen yaƙin Admiral-class don mayar da martani ga Jamusanci Mackensen -class  s, waɗanda aka bayar da rahoton sun fi makamai da sulke fiye da na baya-bayan nan na jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya na Renown da CourageousJajircewa . An sake fasalin tsarin bayan Yaƙin Jutland don haɗa manyan sulke kuma an ajiye dukkan jiragen ruwa huɗu . An kammala Hood kawai, saboda jiragen suna da tsada sosai kuma suna buƙatar aiki da kayan da za a iya amfani da su don yin amfani da gine-ginen jiragen ruwa da ake bukata don maye gurbin wadanda suka rasa zuwa yakin U-boat na Jamus . Roberts 1997, pp. 60–61

Admirals sun fi na magabata na ajin Renown girma sosai. Kamar yadda aka kammala, Hood yana da tsayin duka , mafi girman katako na , da kuma daftarin  a zurfin kaya . Wannan ya kasance  tsayi da  ya fi na tsofaffin jiragen ruwa. Ta raba     a lodi da kuma  a zurfin kaya, sama da  fiye da tsofaffin jiragen ruwa. Jirgin yana da matsakaicin tsayin  a cikin nauyi mai zurfi, wanda ya rage girman jujjuyawar ta kuma ya mai da ita tsayayyen dandalin bindiga. Raven and Roberts, p. 67

Ƙarin sulke da aka ƙara yayin gini ya ƙaru daftarin ta da kusan  a cikin nauyi mai zurfi, wanda ya rage mata freeboard kuma ya sa ta jike sosai. Da cikakken gudu, ko kuma a cikin manyan tekuna, ruwa zai rinka kwararowa bisa kashin kwata na jirgin kuma sau da yawa yakan shiga cikin tarkace da wuraren zama ta hanyoyin samun iska. Taylor, pp. 92, 94 Wannan halayyar ta sa aka yi mata lakabi da "mafi girman jirgin ruwa a cikin ruwa". Taylor, p. 92 An daure damshin da ke daurewa, hade da rashin isashshen iskar da jirgin ke da shi, da yawan kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka a cikin jirgin. Taylor, p. 123 Kayan aikin jirgin ya bambanta sosai akan aikinta; a cikin 1919, an ba ta izini 1,433 maza a matsayin squadron flagship; a 1934, ta na da 81 jami'ai da 1,244 ratings a cikin jirgin. Taylor, p. 231

An yi amfani da Admirals ta hanyar injin tururi guda huɗu na Brown -Curtis, kowanne yana tuƙi tuƙi guda ɗaya ta amfani da tururi da 24 Yarrow boilers . An yi amfani da turbines na yaƙi don samar da    , wanda zai motsa jirgin a   , amma yayin gwajin teku a 1920, injin turbin  Hood ya ba da 151,280 shp (112,810 kW), wanda ya ba ta damar kaiwa  . Roberts 1997, pp. 76, 79, 80 Ta dauki isassun man fetur da zai ba ta kimani   na ruwa  a  . Raven and Roberts, p. 67
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