Yaƙin Thapsus

Yakin Thapsus wani soja ne da ya gudana a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 46 BC kusa da Thapsus (a Tunisiya ta zamani). Dakarun na Optimates, karkashin,Jagorancin Quintus Caecilius Metellus Scipio, sun sha kaye a hannun sojojin Julius Kaisar .  An bi shi ba da daɗewa ba bayan kashe kansa na Scipio da abokinsa, Cato the Younger, Sarkin Numidian Juba, da ɗan uwansa na Roma Marcus Petreius.https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/seljuks/coins/c504?show=design

 Gabatarwaa shiekara ta 49 BC, the last civil war of the Roman Republic was initiated after Julius Caesar, who saw that his political enemies in Rome were looking to arrest and prosecute him, defied senatorial orders to disband his army following the conclusion of hostilities in Gaul. He crossed over the Rubicon river with the 13th Legion, a clear violation of Roman Law, and marched to Rome. The Optimates fled to Greece under the command of Pompey since they  had not organised an army and were incapable of defending the city of Rome itself against Caesar. Led by Caesar, the Populares followed, but were greatly outnumbered and defeated in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Still outnumbered, Caesar recovered and went on to decisively defeat the Optimates under Pompey at Pharsalus. Pompey then fled to Egypt, where to Caesar's consternation, Pompey was assassinated. The remaining Optimates, not ready to give up fighting, regrouped in the African provinces of Mauretania. Their leaders were Marcus Cato (the younger) and Caecilius Metellus Scipio. Other key figures from the nobility in the resistance were Titus Labienus, Publius Attius Varus, Lucius Afranius, Marcus Petreius and the brothers Sextus and Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey's sons). King Juba I of Numidia was a valuable local ally. After the pacification of the Eastern provinces, and a short visit to Rome, Caesar followed his opponents to Africa.http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/alp-arslan-saljuq-sultan 
 Kamfen na Afirka wanda ya kai Thapsus 
Kaisar ya tara runduna shida a kusa da Lilybaeum a Sicily. Wasu runduna huɗu suna kan hanyarsu daga Roma. The veteran VII, VIII, IX and X. Duk da yanayin da yake da nisa da mafi kyaun Kaisar ya hau runduna shida ya tashi zuwa Afirka. Ya isa gabar tekun Afirka a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, inda ya sauka kusa da Hadrumetum, amma hadari ya warwatsa motocinsa wanda ya bar shi da sojoji 3000 kawai da kuma dawakai 150. Hadrumetum yana da wani kakkarfan Garison na Mafi Kyau a ƙarƙashin Gaius Considius Longus da Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso . Kaisar ya yi sansani a kudancin birnin kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin shawarwari da Considius, amma Babban Kwamandan ya ƙi karanta saƙonsa. Kaisar ya kai hare-hare da dama a kan birnin, amma ya gano ba shi da mutanen ko kayan da zai kai shi. Sa’ad da ‘yan leƙen asirinsa suka ba da rahoton cewa gungun mayaƙan maƙiya suna kan hanya sai ya yanke shawarar zuwa kudu. Sojojin dawakai na abokan gaba, galibin sojojin haske na Numidian, sun tursasa sojojinsa har zuwa Ruspina ; sun yi ƙoƙari su lika sojojin Kaisar a wurin, suka kewaye shi, sa'an nan kuma suka lalatar da mutanensa kuma suka halaka sojojinsa kamar yadda suka yi wa Curio . Kaisar ya kasance mafi kyawun kwamandan kwamanda fiye da Curio kuma ya ci gaba da yin amfani da sojojinsa don kiyaye Numidians a bay yayin da sojojinsa suka tafi Ruspina. A ranar 29 ga Disamba Kaisar ya isa Ruspina.

 Ruspina 
Kaisar ya sanya Ruspina tushen aikinsa. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, ya ɗauki wasu daga cikin mutanensa ya wuce zuwa Leptis inda wasu tarwatsewar jigilar sa suka haɗa shi suna kawo abubuwan ƙarfafawa da ake buƙata. Ranar 4 ga Janairu, Kaisar ya tashi daga Ruspina a kan balaguron neman abinci. Ya fita da rabin karfinsa; Sojoji 9000 a cikin runduna 30 na rashin ƙarfi. Lokacin da 'yan leƙen asirinsa suka ba da rahoton abokan gaba suna nan kusa, ya umarci sojojin dawakinsa da maharba su haɗa shi daga Ruspina. Kaisar sannan ya jira Sojojin Mafi Kyau. An gwabza yaki ; The Optimates, karkashin jagorancin Petreius da Labienus, kusan sun shawo kan karfin Kaisar, amma a karshe Kaisar ya iya fitar da mutanensa ya koma Ruspina. "Labienus and Petreius, Scipio's lieutenants, attacked him, defeated him badly, […] Petreius, thinking that he had made a thorough test of the army and that he could conquer whenever he liked, drew off his forces, saying to those around him, 'Let us not deprive our general, Scipio, of the victory.' In the rest of the battle it appeared to be a matter of Caesar's luck that the victorious enemy abandoned the field when they might have won." Appian, Civil Wars, 95, cf.

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