Honda Accord

Gabatarwa
Honda Accord , kuma aka sani da Honda Inspire  China ga wasu tsararraki, jerin motoci ne da Honda ke ƙerawa tun shekarar 1976, wanda aka fi sani da bambance bambancen sedan mai kofa huɗu, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun siyarwar motoci a kasar Amurka tun shekarar 1989. An yi amfani da farantin sunan Yarjejeniyar a kan motoci iri-iri a duk duniya, ciki har da coupes, kekunan tasha, hatchbacks da Honda Crosstour crossover.

Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi, Honda ya ba da nau'ikan nau'ikan jikin mota daban-daban da nau'ikan yarjejeniyar, kuma galibi motocin da ake siyar da su a ƙarƙashin sunan Yarjejeniyar a lokaci guda a yankuna daban-daban sun bambanta sosai. An yi muhawara a cikin shekarar 1976, a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin hatchback, kodayake wannan salon ya ƙare har zuwa shekarar 1989, yayin da aka faɗaɗa layin don haɗawa da sedan, coupe, da wagon. Ta hanyar yarjejeniyar ƙarni na shida a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s, ta samo asali zuwa matsakaicin abin hawa, tare da dandamali guda ɗaya amma tare da jiki daban-daban da ma'auni don ƙara fafatawa da abokan hamayyarta a kasuwannin duniya daban-daban. Don Yarjejeniyar ƙarni na takwas da aka fitar don kasuwar Arewacin Amurka a cikin shekarar 2007, Honda ta sake zaɓar don matsar da ƙirar ta ƙara girma da haɓaka girmansa.  Wannan ya tura sedan na Accord daga saman iyakar abin da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta ayyana a matsayin mota mai matsakaicin girma zuwa sama da ƙananan iyaka na cikakkiyar girman mota,  tare da coupe har yanzu ana ƙididdige shi a matsayin tsakiyar. - girman mota. A cikin shekarar 2012, sedan na ƙarni na tara, tare da ƙarami na waje, an sake rarraba shi azaman tsakiyar girman mota a   , faɗuwa kawai don jin kunyar "Babban Mota". Koyaya, sedan na ƙarni na goma, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan na waje iri ɗaya, ya dawo zuwa cikakkiyar girman mota tare da haɗin sararin ciki na    ; An dakatar da juyin mulkin a cikin shekarar 2017.

A cikin shekarar 1982, Yarjejeniyar ta zama mota ta farko daga wani masana'anta na Japan da aka kera a Amurka lokacin da aka fara samarwa a Marysville, Ohio a Gidan Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya na Honda's Marysville . Yarjejeniyar ta samu gagarumar nasara, musamman a Amurka, inda ita ce motar Japan da ta fi siyar da ita tsawon shekaru goma sha shida (1982-97), wacce ta kai matsayinta a cikin tallace-tallace a 1991 da 2001 tare da sayar da motoci kusan miliyan goma.  Gwaje-gwajen tituna da yawa, na baya da na yanzu, suna ƙididdige Yarjejeniyar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ababen hawa na duniya.  Yarjejeniyar ta kasance akan <i id="mwLw">Mota da Direba</i> 10 Mafi kyawun rikodin rikodin sau 37. 

A cikin 1989, Yarjejeniyar ita ce motar farko da aka sayar a ƙarƙashin alamar shigo da kaya don zama mafi kyawun siyarwa a Amurka.  Ya zuwa 2020, Yarjejeniyar ta sayar da fiye da raka'a miliyan 18. 

 Fage 
Honda, bayan kafa kanta a matsayin babbar masana'antar babura a shekarun 1950, ta fara kera motoci a 1963.  Honda ya gabatar da karamin motar sa N360, wanda ya dace da ƙayyadaddun motar Kei don kasuwar Japan, na shekara ta 1967. Motar tana da injin gaba mai juye-juye, shimfidar motar gaba (FF), wanda za a karbe shi don ƙirar N600 (1969), H1300 (1970) da Civic (1972).  Matsakaicin girman alkuki tsakanin minicars da ƙananan sedans, Civic ya ba da haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki da aiki tare da ƙirar sararin samaniya wanda ke da jan hankali nan da nan. Civic ya ba Honda nasarar kasuwa ta farko ta yin fafatawa tare da masu kera daidaitattun ƙananan motoci, waɗanda su ne ɓangaren haɓaka kamar yadda tallace-tallacen ƙananan motoci ya ragu kuma ya ragu a farkon 1970s, kuma babban tasirin su na farko a kasuwar fitarwa.  Injin Injiniya CVCC na Honda, wanda aka haɓaka tun 1970, an ƙara shi cikin Civic a cikin Disamba 1973. Yana da fa'idodin rashin buƙatar mai canza mai ko mai mara guba don biyan buƙatun fitar da hayaki na shekarun 1970s da farkon 1980s. 

Bayan da aka samu ƙaddamar da Civic, Honda ya fara kan haɓaka samfurin abokin tarayya mafi girma. Asalin manufar Honda don babbar mota, mafi shuru, mafi ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali ita ce sedan mai kofa huɗu da injin layi-shida na 2000cc, wanda aka tsara Project 653.  An fassara bayanin akan wannan aikin azaman zayyana mai yin gasa mai ƙarfi na V6 zuwa Ford Mustang,  duk da haka wanda ya bayyana ya zama fassarar ruɗani na ra'ayin ƙirar Project 653. Domin dalilai ciki har da sarrafa ci gaban halin kaka, leveraging da fasaha na su Civic, da kuma ikon daidaita samar da wuraren zuwa sabon model, Honda canza mayar da hankali ga gina a kan Civic ta nasara dabara a cikin wani ya fi girma kunshin, tsara Project 671.  An kammala ƙirar jikin sabon ƙirar a cikin faɗuwar 1973, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin fitowar Disamba 1975 na mujallar Mota Trend,  wanda ke nuna cewa aiki a ƙarƙashin Project 671 ya kasance yana ci gaba a cikin watannin da suka gabata. Duk da haka, ɗaya asusun na lokaci ya ba da rahoton cewa injiniyan injiniya a ƙarƙashin Project 671 ya fara aiki a 1974.  Har sai an samar da sabon samfurin, an yi ƙoƙarin injiniya mai zurfi don sanya injin CVCC ya yi shuru kuma ya fi dacewa da saurin tafiye-tafiye mafi girma, don tsaftace dakatarwa don ingantacciyar tafiya da kulawa, don haɓaka tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki wanda ya dace da ƙaramin mota mai nauyi, da kuma inganta amo damping a cikin jiki da firam. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje mai yawa kafin samarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri-iri, don tabbatar da dacewar Yarjejeniyar don amfani iri-iri za a yi amfani da samfurin fitarwa. 

Don sabon samfurin, Honda ya zaɓi sunan "Accord", yana nuna "sha'awar Honda don daidaituwa da jituwa tsakanin mutane, jama'a da mota."  Kamfanin Opel na Jamus ya yi rashin nasara ya kai karar Honda, yana mai cewa sunan ya yi kama da na Rekord . 

Siffar ƙarshe ta Yarjejeniyar, tare da dogon hanci da kuma shimfiɗar gidan coupe tare da gangaren hatchback na baya, ya kasance mai ma'ana da aka samo asali na ƙirar hatchback na Civic kuma ya ba da isasshen sarari don amfani da abubuwan da aka samu na Civic. Ya nuna kama da Volkswagen Scirocco, wanda aka gabatar a cikin Janairu 1974, wanda ya haifar da hasashe cewa an kwafi nau'in Yarjejeniyar daga Scirocco. Koyaya, an kammala fam ɗin yarjejeniyar watanni kafin gabatarwar Scirocco. 

 Zamanin farko (1976) 
An ƙaddamar da tsarin Honda Accord na farko a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1976, azaman hatchback mai kofa uku tare da , a 2,380 mm (93.7 a) wheelbase, da nauyin kusan 898–945 kg (1,980-2,083 lb) ku. Motocin kasuwar Japan sun kai 80 PS (59 kW) JIS (mai kama da SAE Gross), yayin da Turai da sauran kasuwannin fitarwa suka sami samfurin ba tare da kayan sarrafa hayaki ba; ya bayyana 80 PS (59 kW) kuma amma bisa ga ka'idar DIN mai tsanani. Ya kasance fadada dandamali na farko na Honda Civic a  dogo. Don bin ka'idodin tsauraran hayaki da aka kafa a Japan, an saka injin ɗin tare da fasahar CVCC ta Honda. Yarjejeniyar ta sayar da kyau saboda matsakaicin girmanta da kuma tattalin arzikin mai. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin sedan na Japan na farko da ke da fasali kamar kujerun zane, na'urar tachometer, masu goge baki, da rediyon AM/FM a matsayin kayan aiki na yau da kullun. A cikin 1978 an ƙara wani nau'in LX na hatchback wanda ya zo tare da kwandishan, agogon dijital, da tuƙin wuta. Har sai da Yarjejeniyar, da Prelude mai alaƙa, ba a samun tuƙin wutar lantarki ga motoci ƙasa da lita biyu.  Masu saye na Jafananci suna da alhakin ƙarin harajin hanya na shekara-shekara akan ƙaramin Civic, wanda ke da ƙaramin injin.

A ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1977 (shekara ɗaya daga baya a kasuwar Amurka), an ƙara sedan mai kofa huɗu a cikin jeri, kuma ƙarfin ya kai  lokacin da    An ƙara injin EF1 kuma a wasu kasuwanni an maye gurbinsu da   rukunin EK1, yana samar da  tare da GK-5 5-gudun transaxle, ko  tare da 2-gudun Hondamatic. A fasaha, sedan ba a canza daga hatchback, kuma wheelbase ya kasance iri ɗaya. Wannan ya haifar da tsayin daka na baya don dacewa da cikakken takalmin.  Rufin ya ɗan ɗan tsayi don samar da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali na cikin gida, kuma Accord Sedan ita ce Honda ta farko a Japan da aka ba da ita tare da ƙarin kayan tsakiya na Jafananci kamar ƙayatattun riguna da murfin kujera. Car Styling Quarterly #21, p. 56

A cikin kasuwar Amurka, ana samun sedan mai launuka uku: Livorno Beige mai rigar beige na ciki, Azurfa tare da rigar maroon ciki, ko ja mai duhu mai launin shuɗi. A cikin 1980 zaɓin zaɓi na zaɓi biyu na Semi-atomatik "Hondamatic" na shekarun baya ya zama akwatin gear mai sauri mai sauri ta atomatik (ba a yi amfani da transaxle mai sauri guda huɗu a cikin Yarjejeniyar ba har sai shekarar 1983). Sigar Arewacin Amurka sun ɗan sake fasalin datsa. Sauran canje-canjen sun haɗa da sababbin grilles da taillamps da madubai masu nisa waɗanda aka ƙara akan ƙirar kofa huɗu (chrome) da LX (baƙin filastik). An share alamun CVCC, amma tsarin shigar da CVCC ya kasance. A lokaci guda, injunan ƙayyadaddun bayanai na California sun sami shugaban bawul ɗin shaye-shaye mai tashar jiragen ruwa huɗu da na'urar juyawa. Wannan sigar injin EK1 ya yi daidai da injin High Altitude na jihar 1981 49, yana barin na'urar sarrafa jet ɗin iska wanda ya taimaka wajen kula da ingantaccen cakuda a mafi tsayi (sama da ƙafa 4000). Ƙarfin dawakai ya karu daga  don motoci masu sauri 5 da  don motoci na atomatik tare da tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu na 49-jihar zuwa , kamar sigar 1981-83.

A Arewacin Amurka, shekarar ƙirar 1981 kawai ta kawo sauye-sauye dalla-dalla kamar sabbin yadudduka da wasu sabbin haɗin launi.  An maye gurbin Livorno Beige (lambar No. Y-39) ta Oslo Ivory (No. YR-43). An daina launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kamar yadda ƙarfen tagulla ya kasance. A bit daga baya a cikin 1981, kuma SE 4-kofa model aka kara a karon farko, tare da Novillo fata kujerun da iko windows. Launin fenti shine NH-77M Glacier Gray tare da ciki mai launin toka. Hatchbacks samfurin tushe, tare da kofa huɗu, LX, da SE huɗu kofa, duk sun sami ƙaramin madubi na nesa na filastik baƙar fata iri ɗaya. An sake bitar tarin kayan aikin da galibin hotuna waɗanda suka maye gurbin fitilun faɗakarwa da alamun ma'auni. An sake fasalin mai canjin don samun ingantacciyar bazara don hana haɗin kai na baya da gangan, wanda ya maye gurbin kullin canjin bazara na motocin shekara ta 1976 zuwa 1980. Hakanan an gajarta ledar motsi da inci biyu, tare da diamita mafi girma, yana ba da damar amfani da kullin motsi na Honda daga baya, gami da kullin rectangular da aka yi amfani da shi akan duk 1986 da sabbin Yarjejeniyoyi.

Amurka ta ci Kamfanin Honda tarar dala miliyan 70 saboda gazawar sa ta kai rahotannin mace-macen da aka yi sakamakon hadurra

Gazawar Kamfanin Honda na kai rahoto ga hukumomi a Amurka ya sanya an ci tarar kamfanin dala miliyan 70. A cikin watan Nuwamba, kamfanin Honda ya amsa cewar bai bayar da rahoton hadurra 1,729 ba da suka hada da mace-mace da munanan raunuka a tsakanin watan Yuli na shekara ta 2003 da watan Yuni na shekara ta 2014. Kamfanin dai ya ce zai canza hanyoyin da yake aikawa da rahotanni na cikin gida.

Dukkan wadannan dai, dokokin Amurka sun amince a ci kamfani tara mai tsaurin gaske. Sakataren sufuri na Amurka Anthony Foxx ya fada a wata sanarwa da ya tura tare da tarar cewa kamfanin Honda da sauran kamfanonin kera motoci suna da alhakin da ya rataya a wuyan su na daukar nauyin kula da lafiyar jama'a, kuma babu wata hujja ta kuskure yin haka.