Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya

Kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ita ce rubutacciyar doka koli ta Tarayyar Najeriya .   Najeriya tana da kundin tsarin mulki da yawa. A halin yanzu an kafa tsarin da yake a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1999 kuma ya kaddamar da Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta hudu . 

 Kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya 
Tsarin Nijeriya da tsarinta, sun kasance gadon mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya .  Tana da ƙungiyoyin harsuna sama da 374 masu al'adu da al'adu daban-daban. Eyene Okpanachi, Eyene and Garba, Ali. Federalism and constitutional change in Nigeria, 7(1) Federal Governance 3 (2010). Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2022. Wannan bambance-bambancen ya ba da gudummawa ga Najeriya ta kasance "kasashen da ya fi rarrabuwar kawuna a duniya" tare da cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa.   Hakan ya sa Najeriya ta sha yunkurin kafa tsarin mulki mai inganci. Waɗannan yunƙurin sun haɗa da mulkin farar hula da na soja, tsarin tarayya na tsakiya da na tsakiya, tsarin shugaban ƙasa da na majalisa, da sauran cibiyoyin siyasa. 

Wata Order a Council ta kafa kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na farko a lokacin mulkin mallaka a lokacin da kasar ke mulkin mallaka . Waɗannan kundin tsarin mulki sun haɗa da Tsarin Mulki na Clifford na 1922, Tsarin Mulki na Richards na 1946, Tsarin Mulki na Macpherson na 1951, da Tsarin Mulki na Lyttleton na 1954. Nigeria (Constitution) Order in Council, 1954, Statutory Instrument 1954 No. 1146 (1954). Archived from the original on 30 March 2022. Accessed 30 March 2022. Suberu, Rotimi (2019). "Nigeria's Permanent Constitutional Transition: Military Rule, Civilian Instability and "True Federalism" in a Deeply Divided Society" (PDF). Occasional Papers Series. Forum of Federations: 3–4. eISSN 1922-5598. ISSN 1922-558X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2022. Nigeria (Legislative Council) Order in Council, The London Gazette No. 32838, p. 4505 (29 June 1922). Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

 Tsarin Mulkin Richards 
Westminster ta amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya a 1946.  An kira shi Tsarin Mulki na Richards bayan Gwamna-Janar Sir Arthur Richards, wanda ke da alhakin tsara shi. Duk da cewa ta bar iko mai inganci a hannun Gwamna-Janar da Majalisar Zartaswa da ya nada, ta kuma kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta fadada da ke da ikon yin shawara kan al'amuran da suka shafi kasar. Har ila yau, ta samar da Majalisun Dokoki guda uku na yanki don yin la'akari da tambayoyin gida tare da ba da shawara ga laftanar gwamnoni.

Tsarin mulkin Richards ya amince da bambancin ƙasar ta hanyar gabatar da ƙa'idar tarayya tare da ikon yanki. Ko da yake yana da haƙiƙa wajen tantance halin da ake ciki a Najeriya, kundin tsarin mulkin Richards ya ƙara ƙarfafa yanki maimakon ƙarfafa haɗin kai na siyasa . An dakatar da shi a cikin 1950 akan kiran neman yancin kai.

 Tsarin mulki na Macpherson 
Wani taron ‘yan majalisa a Ibadan a shekarar 1950 ya tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An yi masa lakabi da Tsarin Mulki na Macpherson bayan Gwamna-Janar John Stuart Macpherson mai ci. Ya fara aiki a shekara mai zuwa, a 1951. 

Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Macpherson ya tanadi 'yancin cin gashin kai na yanki da ƙungiyar tarayya, tare da samar da gwamnatin tsakiya tare da Majalisar Ministoci. Hakan ya karfafa shigar siyasa da ayyukan jam’iyya a matakin kasa. Duk da haka, gwamnatocin yankin suna da faffadan ikon majalisa wanda sabuwar majalisar wakilai ta tarayya mai kujeru 185 ba za ta iya kwacewa ba. Sakamakon haka, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Macpherson ya inganta yankin yanki sosai.

 Tsarin mulkin Lyttleton 
An kira sake fasalin tsarin mulki na gaba da Tsarin Mulki na Lyttleton bayan Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos . An kafa shi a cikin 1954 kuma ya tabbatar da ka'idar tarayya. Hakan ya share fagen samun ‘yancin kai daga kasar Birtaniya.

 1960 tsarin mulkin ƴancin kai 
Majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta kafa kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na farko a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta. Ya fara aiki ne bayan samun ‘yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 1960. A karkashin wannan tsarin mulkin, Najeriya ta rike Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu a matsayin shugabar kasa, Sarauniyar Najeriya . Nnamdi Azikiwe ya wakilci sarauniya a matsayin Gwamna-Janar. 

 tsarin mulkina 1963 
Kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya mai cin gashin kansa na biyu ya soke tsarin sarauta ya kafa Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta farko .  Ya fara aiki ne a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 1963, wato cika shekaru uku da samun ƴancin kai. Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama shugaban Najeriya na farko . Kundin tsarin mulkin 1963 ya dogara ne akan tsarin Westminster . An yi amfani da shi har zuwa juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a 1966 wanda ya hambarar da hukumomin dimokaradiyyar Najeriya. 

 tsarin mulkina 1979 
Kundin tsarin mulkin 1979 ya kafa jamhuriyar Najeriya ta biyu . Ta yi watsi da tsarin Westminster don goyon bayan tsarin shugabancin Amurka irin na Amurka tare da zaɓe kai tsaye.  Domin kaucewa kutsawa cikin Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta farko, kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1979 ya wajabta wa jam’iyyun siyasa rajista a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na jihohin.  Bugu da kari, ta kafa majalisar zartaswar Najeriya, inda kowace jiha ke da akalla mamba daya.  Wannan ya ba da "halayen tarayya" ga al'umma. 

 tsarin mulkin 1993 
Kundin tsarin mulkin 1993 ya kafa jamhuriyar Najeriya ta uku . Wannan kundin tsarin mulkin ya kamata ya mayar da mulkin dimokuradiyya ga Najeriya amma ba a taba aiwatar da shi sosai ba. Sojoji ne ke rike da kasar har zuwa shekarar 1999.  

 Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Najeriya 
Kundin tsarin mulkin 1999 ya kafa jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, tarayya mai mulkin dimokradiyya.  Nigeria Const. § 2. Ya kasance yana aiki a yau. 

Kundin tsarin mulkin 1999 ya bayyana babban birnin kasar, jihohi 36 da manyan biranen su, da kuma kananan hukumomi 774 a cikin Najeriya. Nigeria Const. § 3(6). Nigeria Const. § 3(4). Nigeria Const. § 3(1). Nigeria Const. § 3(3). Ita ce ta kafa sassan gwamnati da na majalisa da zartaswa da na shari’a tare da ba da cikakken bayani kan ayyukansu da raba madafun iko tsakanin rassa da gwamnatocin tarayya da na jihohi.   Ikon majalisar dokokin Najeriya na hannun Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ne mai zauruka biyu: Majalisar Dattawa da ta Wakilai. Nigeria Const. § 4(1). Kundin tsarin mulki ya bai wa Majalisar Dokoki ikon kafa dokoki don " zaman lafiya, oda da kuma kyakkyawan gwamnatin tarayya".

Bugu da kari, kundin tsarin mulkin ya zayyana muhimman hakkokin mutum, da suka hada da rayuwa, yanci, mutunci, kebantawa, yancin fadin albarkacin baki, yancin addini, da tsaro daga bauta, tashin hankali, wariya, da kuma hidimar tilastawa aikin soja.   Har ila yau, yana bayyana haƙƙin mutum na yin shari'a a kan kari kuma na gaskiya idan an kama shi da kuma zato ba shi da laifi .  'Yan Najeriya kuma suna da 'yancin mallakar filaye, ' yancin yin taro, da 'yancin walwala . 

Kundin tsarin mulki ya kuma kare dokoki hudu: Dokar Amfani da Filaye, Dokar Hukumomin Tsaro ta Kasa, Dokar Hidima ta Kasa, da Dokar Hukumar Korafe-korafen Jama'a.  A watan Janairun 2011, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya rattaba hannu kan gyare-gyare guda biyu ga kundin tsarin mulkin, wanda shine gyara na farko tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da shi a shekarar 1999. 

 Nassoshi 

Category:Najeriya
Category:Tarihin Najeriya
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba