Daidaitaccen yanayin nasarar

Daidaitaccen yanayi (alama: atm )nauura matsa lamba ce da aka ayyana a matsayin 101325 Pa . Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi azaman matsi na tunani ko daidaitaccen matsi . Yana da kusan daidai da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin yanayi a matakin teku.https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/nemo1998/education/pressure.html

 Tarihi 
An kwatanta daidaitaccen yanayi a asali azaman matsin lamba da ginshiƙin mercury na 760 mm ya yi a  da daidaitaccen nauyi ( g n = 9.80665 m/s 2 ).Resnick, Robert; Halliday, David (1960). Physics for Students of Science and Engineering Part 1. New York: Wiley. p. 364. An yi amfani da shi azaman yanayin tunani don kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai, kuma yana cikin ma'anar ma'aunin zafin jiki na Celsius, wanda ya ayyana  a matsayin wurin tafasar ruwa a wannan matsi. A cikin shekarar 1954, Babban Taro na 10 akan Ma'auni da Ma'auni (CGPM) ya karɓi daidaitaccen yanayi don amfanin gabaɗaya kuma ya tabbatar da ma'anarsa na kasancewa dai-dai da 1013 250 dynes a kowace murabba'in santimita ( 101325) . ba ).  Wannan ya ayyana matsi ta hanyar da ta kasance mai zaman kanta daga kaddarorin kowane abu na musamman. Bugu da ƙari, CGPM ya lura cewa an sami wasu rashin fahimta cewa ma'anar da ta gabata (daga 9th CGPM) "ya jagoranci wasu masana kimiyya suyi imani cewa wannan ma'anar daidaitattun yanayi yana aiki ne kawai don ingantaccen aiki a cikin thermometry ." https://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cg/cgpm/10-1954/resolution-4

A cikin ilmin sunadarai da kuma a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, matsin lamba da ake magana a kai a daidaitaccen zafin jiki da matsa lamba ya kasance  kafin 1982, amma matakan sun bambanta; a cikin 1982, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ya ba da shawarar cewa don dalilai na tantance kaddarorin abubuwa na zahiri, matsa lamba daidai ya kamata ya zama daidai  .  IUPAC.org, Gold Book, Standard Pressure

 Raka'a matsi da daidaitattun dai-daito 
A matsa lamba na 1 Atm kuma za a iya bayyana kamar haka:

 ≡ 101325 pascals (Pa)
 ≡ 1.01325 bar
 ≈ 1.033 kgf /cm 2
 ≈ 1.033 fasaha yanayi
 ≈ 10.33 m H 2 O, 4 °C This is the customarily accepted value for cm–H2O, 4 °C. It is precisely the product of 1 kg-force per square centimeter (one technical atmosphere) times 1.013 25 (bar/atmosphere) divided by 0.980 665 (one gram-force). It is not accepted practice to define the value for water column based on a true physical realization of water (which would be 99.997 495% of this value because the true maximum density of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water is 0.999 974 95 kg/L at 3.984 °C). Also, this "physical realization" would still ignore the 8.285 cm–H2O reduction that would actually occur in a true physical realization due to the vapor pressure over water at 3.984 °C.

 ≈ 760 mmHg, 0 °C, ƙarƙashin bita yayin da ƙarin ma'aunin ma'auni na mercury ke samuwa This is the customarily accepted value for cm–H2O, 4 °C. It is precisely the product of 1 kg-force per square centimeter (one technical atmosphere) times 1.013 25 (bar/atmosphere) divided by 0.980 665 (one gram-force). It is not accepted practice to define the value for water column based on a true physical realization of water (which would be 99.997 495% of this value because the true maximum density of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water is 0.999 974 95 kg/L at 3.984 °C). Also, this "physical realization" would still ignore the 8.285 cm–H2O reduction that would actually occur in a true physical realization due to the vapor pressure over water at 3.984 °C. NIST value of 13.595 078(5) g/mL assumed for the density of Hg at 0 °C
 ≡ 760 torr (Torr) Torr and mm-Hg, 0°C are often taken to be identical. For most practical purposes (to 5 significant digits), they are interchangeable.
 ≈ 29.92 inHg, 0 °C, ƙarƙashin bita yayin da ƙarin ma'aunin ma'auni na mercury ke samuwa NIST value of 13.595 078(5) g/mL assumed for the density of Hg at 0 °C 

 ≈ 406.782 a cikin H 2 O, 4 ° C This is the customarily accepted value for cm–H2O, 4 °C. It is precisely the product of 1 kg-force per square centimeter (one technical atmosphere) times 1.013 25 (bar/atmosphere) divided by 0.980 665 (one gram-force). It is not accepted practice to define the value for water column based on a true physical realization of water (which would be 99.997 495% of this value because the true maximum density of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water is 0.999 974 95 kg/L at 3.984 °C). Also, this "physical realization" would still ignore the 8.285 cm–H2O reduction that would actually occur in a true physical realization due to the vapor pressure over water at 3.984 °C.
 ≈ 14.6959 fam-ƙarfi a kowane inci murabba'i (lbf/a cikin 2 )
 ≈ 2116 .22 fam-ƙarfi a kowace ƙafar murabba'in (lbf/ft 2 )
 = 1 ata (yanayin cikakke).

Ana amfani da naúrar ata a wuri na atm don nuna jimlar matsa lamba na tsarin, idan aka kwatanta da vacuum. https://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cg/cgpm/10-1954/resolution-4 Misali, matsa lamba na karkashin ruwa na 3 ata yana nufin cewa wannan matsa lamba ya ƙunshi 1 atom na iska kuma don haka 2 atm saboda ruwa.

 Bayanan kula 
Wannan ita ce ƙimar da aka saba yarda da ita don cm-H2O, 4 °C. Yana da daidai samfurin 1 kg-ƙarfi a kowace murabba'in santimita (yanayin fasaha ɗaya) sau 1.013 25 (bar / yanayi) zuwa kashi 0.980 665 (ƙarfin gram ɗaya). Ba a yarda da aikin ba don ayyana ƙimar ginshiƙin ruwa dangane da ainihin fahimtar ruwa ta zahiri (wanda zai zama 99.997 495% na wannan ƙimar saboda ainihin matsakaicin ƙimar Vienna Standard Mean Water Water shine 0.999 974 95 kg/L a 3.984). °C). Hakanan, wannan "ganewar jiki" har yanzu zai yi watsi da raguwar 8.285 cm–H2O wanda zai faru a zahiri a zahirin zahirin zahiri saboda matsa lamba akan ruwa a 3.984 °C. Ƙimar NIST na 13.595 078(5) g/mL da aka ɗauka don yawan Hg a 0 °C Torr da mm-Hg, 0°C galibi ana ɗauka su zama iri ɗaya. Don yawancin dalilai masu amfani (zuwa mahimman lambobi 5), ana iya musanya su.

 Duba kuma 

 Standard temperature and pressure
 Atmospheric pressure
 International Standard Atmosphere

 Manazarta