Makarantar Ibadan

Makarantar tarihi ta Ibadan ita ce ta farko,kuma tsawon shekaru da yawa tana da rinjaye,al'adar hankali a cikin nazarin tarihin Najeriya .Ya samo asali ne a Jami'ar Ibadan,a Ibadan,Nigeria,a cikin 1950s,kuma ya kasance mai rinjaye har zuwa 1970s.Jami'ar Ibadan ita ce jami'a ta farko da aka bude a Najeriya,kuma malamanta sun kafa sassan tarihi a mafi yawan sauran jami'o'in Najeriya,inda suka yada tarihin tarihin Ibadan.Malamanta sun kuma rubuta litattafan da aka yi amfani da su a kowane mataki na tsarin ilimin Najeriya shekaru da yawa.Yawancin abubuwan da makarantar ta fitar ana ganin sun fi fitowa fili a cikin “Serial History Series”.

Nwaubani yayi gardamar cewa Kenneth Dike(1917–83)shine farkon masanin zamani mai goyon bayan tarihin Afirka.Littattafansa sun kasance ruwan sha a tarihin Afirka.Tare da PhD daga London a cikin 1940,Dike ya zama ɗan Afirka na farko da ya kammala horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tarihi na Yammacin Turai.A Kwalejin Jami’ar Ibadan,ya zama Farfesa na farko a Afirka a fannin tarihi kuma shugaban sashen tarihi.Ya taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Najeriya da kuma Taskar Tarihi ta Najeriya.Littafinsa Trade and Politics in Niger Delta 1830-1885 ya yi bayani ne akan siyasar tattalin arziki na karni na 19 a yankin Neja Delta. Ya mai da hankali kan al'amuran cikin gida na Afirka,musamman matakan kariya da al'ummomin delta suka dauka na hana shigar daular mulkin mallaka.Dike ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar makarantar Ibadan na tarihin Afirka kuma ya haɓaka amfani da shaidar baka ta masana tarihin Afirka.Ebere Nwaubani, "Kenneth Onwuka Dike, 'Trade And Politics,' and the Restoration of the African in History," History in Africa: A Journal of Method, 2000, Vol. 27, pp 229-248

Sauran manyan malaman makarantar Ibadan sun hada da Saburi Biobaku,Jacob Ade Ajayi, Adiele Afigbo,EA Ayandele,O.Ikime da Tekena Tamuno .Yawancin malaman kasashen waje,wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun zo koyarwa a Najeriya,kuma galibi ana danganta su da makarantar,ciki har da Michael Crowder,Abdullahi Smith,JB Webster,RJ Gavin,Robert Smith,da John D. Omer-Cooper.

Makarantar dai tana da kishin kasa a Najeriya a sarari kuma an yi ta ne don samar da asalin Najeriya ta hanyar bayyana daukakar tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka.Makarantar ta kasance al'ada sosai a cikin batunta,kasancewar ta keɓe ga tarihin siyasa wanda abokan aiki a Turai da Arewacin Amurka ke ƙi.Ya kasance na zamani sosai,duk da haka,a cikin hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su.An yi amfani da yawa ta tarihin baka kuma a duk makarantar ta ɗauki tsauraran matakan tsaka-tsaki don tattara bayanai.Hakan ya faru ne musamman bayan kafuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka wadda ta tattaro masana daga bangarori da dama.

An samu rashin jituwa tsakanin Makarantar Ibadan da 'yan Afirka a Biritaniya da Amurka.‘Yan Afirka sun ga cewa ya kamata malaman Najeriya su kasance masu kishin kasa kuma su kasa shiga harkokin siyasar yanzu. Duk da haka,ba a taba tambayar ingancin tsari da karatun malaman Ibadan ba.Akasin haka,malaman Afirka na makarantar Ibadan suna ganin jami'o'in Amurka da na Burtaniya a matsayin tushen mulkin mallaka.A sakamakon haka,masu kishin kasa sun yi watsi da Jaridar Tarihin Afirka ta Yamma don goyon bayan Mujallar cikin gida na kungiyar Tarihi ta Najeriya.

Makarantar Ibadan ta fara raguwa a cikin mahimmanci a shekarun 1970s. Yakin basasar Najeriya ya sa wasu ke tambayar ko a gaskiya Najeriya kasa ce dunkulalliyar kasa mai tarihin kasa.A lokaci guda kuma,makarantun kishiyoyi sun bunkasa. A Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya a Najeriya, an samu wata makarantar shari’a ta Musulunci wadda ta yi watsi da tsarin Turawan Yamma,inda ta amince da al’adar malamai ta Khalifancin Sakkwato da duniyar Musulunci.Daga wasu sassan Afirka, makarantar Neo-Marxist ta isa kuma ta sami magoya baya da yawa. Tarihin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki,da al'adu su ma sun fara girma cikin shahara.

A cikin 1980s guraben karatu na Najeriya gabaɗaya ya fara raguwa,kuma makarantar Ibadan ta yi tasiri sosai.Sarakunan sojan sun kalli jami’o’in da tsantsar shakku,kuma hakan ya sa ba a basu kudade ba.Yawancin manyan masu hankali sun kasance tare da ayyukan plum a cikin gudanarwa kuma sun bar makarantar kimiyya.Wasu kuma sun bar kasar gaba daya don samun ayyukan yi a jami’o’in kasashen Yamma.Tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin da aka samu a shekarun 1980 ma ya yi wa al’ummar masana illa matuka,musamman yadda aka yi tabarbarewar darajar kudin Najeriya.Wannan ya sanya gayyata malaman kasashen waje, biyan kuɗin mujallu, da halartar taron ƙasashen waje sun fi tsada.Yawancin mujallun cikin gida,ciki har da Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria,sun rushe kuma ba a buga su ba kawai,idan ma.
 Manazarta