Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya

Associationungiyar internationale des femmes ( AIF ; Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya ) wata ƙungiya ce ta ɗan gajeren lokaci na mata da kuma zaman lafiya da ke Geneva wadda ke aiki tsakanin 1868 da 1872. Ya bukaci cikakken daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. Wannan ya kasance tsattsauran ra'ayi ga yawancin mata a lokacin.

 Kungiya 
Asalin ƙungiyar ƙila za a iya samo asali ga shawarar 1854 ta ƴan matan Sweden Fredrika Bremer don ƙungiyar mata kaɗai ta sadaukar da zaman lafiya.  'Yar mata ta Swiss Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin (1826-99) ta kasance mai aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Aminci da 'Yanci ta Duniya lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1867, ta zama memba na kwamitin tsakiya kuma ta gyara mujallar League's Les États-Unis d'Europe .  A ranar 8 ga Maris 1868 mujallar ta buga shawarar Goegg don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar mata ta duniya dangane da gasar.  Wannan ya zama Ƙungiyar Internationale des Femmes (AIF). 

Gidauniyar AIF da na Eugénie Niboyet 's Feminist and Pacifist mako-mako La Paix des Deux Mondes alama ce ta farkon gano mata masu aikin zaman lafiya.  A cewar masanin tarihi Sandi Cooper, Goegg yana mayar da martani ga karuwar sojojin Prussia kuma yana nufin, "sake karatun iyaye mata don hana wani tsarar yara maza da aka horar da su girmama gumakan karya na daukaka kasa ta hanyar cin nasara na soja. 

AIF ita ce kungiyar mata ta farko ta kasa da kasa. Ya shafi zaɓen mata da ilimin boko.  Kungiyar ta bukaci "daidaituwa a cikin albashi, a koyarwa, a cikin iyali, da kuma a cikin doka".  Katin memba na AIF da aka ba Matilde Bajer na Copenhagen a watan Disamba 1870 ya bayyana cewa burinsa shine, "Don yin aiki don ci gaban ɗabi'a da ilimi na mace, don inganta matsayinta a hankali a cikin al'umma ta hanyar kira ga 'yancin ɗan adam, jama'a, tattalin arziki da siyasa." 

 Tarihi 
Matsayin ƙungiyar ya wuce gona da iri ga mata masu matsakaicin matsayi, don haka adadin membobin ya kasance kaɗan.  Yaƙin Franco-Prussian na 1870 ya rushe ayyukan ƙungiyar, amma Goegg ya sake farfado da shi a ƙarshen 1870.  Ƙungiyar ta sami ɗaukar hoto na duniya a cikin wallafe-wallafen pacifist da wallafe-wallafen mata, irin su mujallar Woman, edita kuma ta buga a Italiya ta Alaide Gualberta Beccari .  Duk da haka, kungiyar ta kasa samar da tushe mai karfi na kungiya.  A shekara ta 1872 an kalli AIF tare da tuhuma, tun da kalmar "International" tana da alaƙa da Kamfanin Paris . An kuma raba mambobi game da shugabancin Goegg. 

A watan Yunin 1872 aka fitar da sanarwar da ta bukaci yin taro a gidan Julie von May von Rued a Bern don shirya wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai suna Solidarité: Association pour la défense des droits de la femme (Solidarity: Association for Defence of Women's Rights). Wadanda suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar sun hada da Caroline de Barrau ta Faransa, Josephine Butler ta Ingila, Christine Lazzati ta Milan da kuma 'yar Jamus mata Rosalie Schönwasser, Marianne Menzzer da Julie Kühne.  Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin kuma ta kasance mai himma a cikin wannan ƙungiyar. 

 Manazarta 

 Tushe 

Rukuni:Ƙungiyoyi da hukumomi da suka rushe a 1872
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba