Kawar da carbon na Biochar

Kawar da carbon na Biochar; (BCR) (wanda kuma ake kira Pyrogenic carbon kama da ajiya) fasaha ce mara kyau. Ya ƙunshi samar da biochar ta hanyar pyrolysis na ragowar biomass da aikace-aikacen biochar na gaba acikin ƙasa ko kayan ɗorewa (misali siminti, kwalta). Carbon dioxide da shuke-shuken da ake amfani da su don samar da biochar ke sarrafa shi ana adana shi tsawon daruruwan shekaru, wanda ke haifar da nutsewar carbon.

 Ma'anarsa 
alt=A man working biochar into soil in a greenhouse|thumb| Biochar ya yi amfani da ƙasa a cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike a Namibiya
Kalmar tana nufin al'adar samar da biochar daga biomass mai ɗorewa da kuma tabbatar da cewa an adana shi na dogon lokaci. Manufar ita ce yin amfani da tsarin photosynthesis, ta hanyar da tsire-tsire ke cire CO2 daga yanayin yayin girma. Wannan carbon dioxide yana dai-daitawa acikin biochar yayin aikin samarwa kuma ana iya adana shi har tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru.

A kimiyance, ana kiran wannan tsari a matsayin Pyrogenic Carbon Capture and Storage (PyCCS). Kalmar Biochar Carbon Removal (BCR) ta fara gabatar da itane ta Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Turai (EBI) acikin 2023 kuma tun daga cibiyoyi da masana daban-daban suka karbe su.

Bayan rarrabuwar carbon, aikace-aikacen biochar yana da fa'idodi daban-daban, kamar haɓɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da tushen halittu, ingantaccen amfani da ruwa da ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

 Samar da Biochar 
Ana samar da Biochar ta hanyar tsarin pyrolisis. Biomass (misali sauran kayan shuka daga gyaran gyare-gyare ko aikin noma), an rage zuwa ƙarami ana mai zafi zuwa tsakanin 350°C da 900°C ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin iskar oxygen. Wannan yana haifar da ingantaccen biochar da samfuran (bio-man, pyrogas). Don haɓɓaka yuwuwar ajiyar carbon, galibi ana amfani da waɗannan fasahohin biochar waɗanda ke rage konewa da guje wa asarar pyrogas cikin yanayi.Schmidt, Hans-Peter; Anca-Couce, Andrés; Hagemann, Nikolas; Werner, Constanze; Gerten, Dieter; Lucht, Wolfgang; Kammann, Claudia (April 2019). "Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage". GCB Bioenergy. 11 (4): 573–591. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12553.

 Adana 
Ana ɗaukar cirewar carbon na Biochar a matsayin fasaha mara kyau da ake aiwatarwa cikin sauri kuma mai amfani da ƙima don ƙanƙanta kayan masarufi kamar manoma, da kuma taimakawa haɓakar karkara a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Don haka ya faɗi cikin nau'in fasahar kawar da carbon dioxide (CDR). Wannan yana daga cikin wasu da aka nuna acikin takaddun jagora na yunƙurin Manufofin Kimiyyar Kimiyya.

Matsayin da aka saita carbon dioxide da adana shi, ya dogara da tsarin samar da biochar da aikace-aikacen da ke gaba. Idan aka samar a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, kashi 97%, na jimillar carbon acikin biochar carbon ne mai jujjuyawa, watau carbon wanda ke da kwanciyar hankali mara iyaka. Wannan yana nuna cewa biochar na iya samun dawwama sosai dangane da ajiyar carbon dioxide.

Akwai aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda ake ɗauka don adana CO<sub id="mwOA">2</sub> na dogon lokaci:

 Aikace-aikacen ƙasa
 Ƙara don kayan gini
 Additive a cikin kwalta
 Ƙara a cikin robobi, takarda da yadi

 Matsayin kuɗaɗen yanayi 
Ana ƙara ganin Ciwowar Carbon Carbon a matsayin fasaha mara kyau mai ƙyalƙyali wanda ya dace da kashewa da kasuwannin carbon. Kasuwanci acikin kiredit na BCR har yanzu yana iyakance ga ƴan ƙaramin adadin masu kaya da masu laifin kiredit. Acikin 2022, daga cikin kididdigar cire carbon dioxide 592,969 da aka saya akan kasuwar carbon ta son rai, 40% sun dogara ne akan ayyukan kawar da carbon.

 Pyrogenic carbon kama da ajiya 
PyCCS wata fasaha ce da ake samarwa na sarrafa iskar carbon da za ta iya rage sauyin yanayi yayin inganta haifuwar ƙasa. An tattauna shi azaman fasaha mai ban sha'awa don kawar da iskar gas.

 Ƙa'ida 
Ka'idar PyCCS ita ce kwayar halitta (misali bishiyoyi) tana kawar da CO2 daga sararin samaniya yayin girma ta hanyar photosynthesis. Ana girbe wannan biomass kuma an yi pyrolyzed (duba ƙasa), tare da wani yanki na carbon dioxide da aka ɗaure acikin biomass ana kama shi acikin ƙasa, bayan an rage shi zuwa gabobin carbon da viscous (garwaƙi ). Gas ɗin mai ƙonewa, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin juzu'i a cikin pyrolysis, ana tattarawa kuma ana amfani dashi azaman mai; carbon dioxide da ake samarwa lokacin da ake konewa ana kama shi a gargajiyance.

 Fasaha 
Pyrolysis acikin mahallin kama carbon da ajiya an bayyana shi ta Werner et al. (2018) a matsayin "maganin thermal na biomass a 350 ° C-900 ° C a cikin yanayin rashin iskar oxygen. Ana samar da manyan samfuran carbonaceous guda uku yayin wannan tsari, waɗanda za'a iya adana su daga baya ta hanyoyi daban-daban don samar da [mara kyau watsi]: ingantaccen biochar azaman gyaran ƙasa, ruwa mai pyrolytic (bio-man) wanda aka zub da shi a cikin ma'ajiyar burbushin mai, da dindindin. pyrogas (mamaye su da iskar gas CO, H2 da CH4) waɗanda za a iya canjawa wuri a matsayin CO2 zuwa ma'ajiyar yanayin ƙasa bayan konewa."

A cikin ƙananan yanayi na iskar oxygen, canjin thermal-chemical na kayan halitta (ciki har da biomass ) yana samar da nau'i-nau'i guda biyu, da ake kira gases pyrolytic (pyrogases), da kuma samfurori na carbonaceous co-products, suna biochar . Yayin da pyrogases galibi suna tattarawa cikin mai-ruwa mai ruwa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tushen makamashi, an gabatar da biochar azaman kayan aiki don sarrafa carbon a cikin ƙasa.Criscuoli, Irene; Alberti, Giorgio; Baronti, Silvia; Favilli, Filippo; Martinez, Cristina; Calzolari, Costanza; Pusceddu, Emanuela; Rumpel, Cornelia; Viola, Roberto (2014-03-10). "Carbon Sequestration and Fertility after Centennial Time Scale Incorporation of Charcoal into Soil". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91114. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991114C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091114. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3948733. PMID 24614647.

Da zarar an gauraye cikin ƙasa, biochar, wanda ba shi da sauƙi ga remineralization zuwa CO2 da CH4 fiye da wadanda ba pyrogenic biomass ba, gutsuttsura cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da nano-barbashi waɗanda za'a iya jigilar su zuwa zurfin ƙasa, ruwan ƙasa, ko wasu sassa. wanda ke kara kare shi daga lalacewa. Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa carbon pyrogenic yana da kwanciyar hankali fiye da shekaru ɗari.Criscuoli, Irene; Alberti, Giorgio; Baronti, Silvia; Favilli, Filippo; Martinez, Cristina; Calzolari, Costanza; Pusceddu, Emanuela; Rumpel, Cornelia; Viola, Roberto (2014-03-10). "Carbon Sequestration and Fertility after Centennial Time Scale Incorporation of Charcoal into Soil". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91114. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991114C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091114. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3948733. PMID 24614647.

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