Sanda Kura

Shehu Umar Sanda ibn Ibrahim Kura al-Kanemi shi ne Shehun Borno daga shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da biyu 1922 zuwa 1937.Shi dan Shehu Ibrahim Kura ne na Borno kuma dan uwan Shehu Abubakar Garbai.Herbert Richmond Palmer, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.

 Mulkin Farko 
A cikin shekara ta 1893,an kori daular al-Kanemi daga Bornu kuma mai bincike na Sudan Rabih az-Zubayr ya bar shi daga mulki.Daular ta yi mulkin Bornu kusan karni daga 1810.Bayan rasuwar Shehu Kiari da Rabih ya yi a shekara ta 1894,‘yan daular sun yi gudun hijira a duk fadin yankin.Wasu sun gudu zuwa Masarautar Kano,wasu kuma zuwa Damagaram,wasu kuma sun buya a cikin babban birnin jihar Borno. Umar Sanda Kura ne ke jagorantar kungiyar a Damagaram wanda shi ne mafi girma kuma mafi muhimmanci.A farkon watan Fabrairun 1898,Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya ba da rahoton gano Umar Sanda tare da mabiyansa su 670 a kan iyakar Damagaram da Kano suna neman taimakonsu kan Rabih.Turawan Ingila da suke kokarin ba Rabih hadin kai a maimakon haka suka yi biris da bukatarsa.Daga baya dan’uwansa Abubakar Garbai ya hada shi da wani lokaci a karshen 1898. 

 Yakin Kousséri 
Umar Sanda a hukumance ya bukaci Faransawa su gane shi a matsayin sarkin Bornu kuma su taimake shi a kan Rabih lokacin da ya hadu da balaguron Foureau-Lamy a Begra.Faransawa sun amince da bukatarsa yayin da suka yi tunanin cewa ciniki ne mai kyau bayan sun shaida irin mutuntawa da kaunar da mutanen Bornu suke yi wa Sanda Kura.A cewar Foureau,dukkan jiga-jigan yankin na birnin Begra sun zo ne domin maraba da balaguron Faransa,inda suka kawo kayan abinci tare da bayyana fatan Faransawa za su yi nasara wajen kawo karshen mulkin Rabih. An san Sanda Kura a matsayin Shehun Bornu a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1900 a gaban dimbin jama'a.

A watan Afrilun 1900,Faransawa sun tattara sojojinsu a Kanem suna shirin yin tattaki zuwa Dikwa don fuskantar Rabih amma jami'in Emile Gentil ya gane cewa Dikwa yana cikin "Borno Jamus" maimakon "Borno Faransanci" wanda ke nufin tafiya zuwa Dikwa yana nufin cin zarafi na kasa da kasa.al'ada.Domin samun dalilin da ya sa a shari'a Gentil ya samu Gwarang Sarkin Bagirmi ya rubuta wa Shehu Sanda Kura wasika yana neman a taimaka masa kan zaluncin Rabih a Bagirmi .Daga nan aka umurci Shehu da ya mayar da martani yana mai yarda da damuwarsa a matsayin halas.Daga nan ya baiwa Gwarang izinin hada karfi da karfe da abokansa a Bornu domin duk su kai farmaki kan Rabih a Dikwa.Da wannan dalili na shari'a ne Faransawa tare da sojojin Shehu da na Gwarang suka kai hari kan Rabih suka kashe shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilun 1900 a Kusseri .

Shehu Sanda Kura ya dora kansa a Dikwa.Faransawa sun bukaci Shehu ya biya dalar Amurka 30,000 na Mariya Theresa a matsayin biyan “ayyukan su”. Shehu Kura,ko dai don godiya ko tsoro, ya aika da wakilai a duk fadin Bornu domin su tattara kudaden da aka nema.Bafaranshe ya ci gaba da neman Shehu ya kori Larabawan Shuwa da ke yammacin tafkin Chadi zuwa cikin Kanem.Ana hasashen cewa Shehu ya yi zafi a kan Shuwa,wadanda da yawansu sun koma Rabih a 1893 kuma ko bayan rasuwarsa ya gwammace ya goyi bayan dansa Fadl-Allah a matsayin sarkin Bornu maimakon Umar Sanda Kura. Amma duk da wannan daci,Shehu ya fahimci muhimmancin Shuwa ga Bornu domin sun mallaki dukiya da shanu masu tarin yawa.Don haka Shehu ya ki korar Shuwa.Sai Faransawa suka mayar da martani,suka janye “Amman Sanda” a matsayin Shehu,suka kuma amince da dan uwansa Abubakar Garbai “mai saukin kai”.Daga nan sai aka yi wa Umar Sanda gudun hijira zuwa Kongo a watan Oktoba 1900 da Faransawa. 

Manazarta