Yanayin ruwan sama na tropical cyclone

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An haɓaka yanayin ruwan sama na cyclone mai zafi don tantance halayen ruwan sama na guguwar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da yanayin ruwan samam na cyclone don taimakawa hasashen tasirin guguwar na yanzu ko mai zuwa. Matsayin tasirin ruwan sama na cyclone na wurare masu zafi ya dogara ne akan saurin motsi, girman guguwa, da matakin jurar iska a tsaye. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da guguwa mai zafi ke haifarwa shine ruwan sama mai yawa. Manya-manyan, jinkirin motsi, da cyclones na wurare masu zafi waɗanda ba sa bushewa suna haifar da ruwan sama mafi girma. Ƙarfin guguwar yanayi ba ta da wani tasiri a kan yuwuwarta ta samun ruwan sama a kan ƙasa, amma aunawar tauraron dan adam a cikin shekaru da dama da suka wuce ya nuna cewa guguwar da ke da zafi na haifar da ruwan sama sosai a kan ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa daga guguwa mai zafi ya kasance babban sanadin mace-mace, musamman a wuraren da ke kwance.

 Hasashen aukuwar ambaliyar ruwa 
Yayin da ambaliyar ruwa ta zama ruwan dare ga guguwa mai zafi, akwai abubuwan da ke haifar da yawan ruwan sama daga guguwa mai zafi. Jinkirin motsi, kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin Hurricane Danny (1997) da Hurricane Wilma, na iya haifar da yawan ruwan sama. Kasancewar tsaunuka / tsaunuka kusa da bakin teku, kamar fadin yawancin Mexico, Haiti, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Amurka ta tsakiya, Madagascar, Réunion, China, da Japan suna yin girman girman ruwan sama saboda tilasta hawan hawan dutse. Strong babba matakin tilasta daga wani trough motsi ta hanyar Westerlies da kuma hade sanyi gaban, kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin Hurricane Floyd, na iya haifar da high yawa ko da daga tsarin motsi a wani talakawan gaba motsi. Guguwar iska mafi girma tana sauke ruwan sama yayin da suke hazo a wuri ɗaya na dogon lokaci fiye da matsakaita ko ƙananan cyclones na wurare masu zafi. Haɗin waɗannan abubuwa biyu na iya zama gurgunta musamman, kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin Hurricane Mitch a Amurka ta Tsakiya . http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/hurricanes.shtm A cikin lokacin 2005, ambaliya mai alaƙa da jinkirin tafiya guguwar Stan ta haifar da mutuwar 1,662-2,000. 

 Gabaɗaya rarraba tsakanin guguwar yanayi mai zafi 
Isaac Cline shi ne na farko da ya fara gudanar da bincike kan rarraba ruwan sama a kusa da guguwar yanayi a farkon shekarun 1900. Ya gano cewa ruwan sama ya fi girma a gaban cibiyar (ko ido) fiye da bayan wucewar cibiyar, tare da mafi girman kaso na fadowa a cikin kwata na gaba na dama. Uba Viñes na Cuba ya gano cewa wasu guguwa na wurare masu zafi suna da mafi girman adadin ruwan sama a cikin kwata na baya a cikin rukunin horo (mara motsi). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Ray_Tannehill A al'ada, yayin da guguwa mai zafi ke ƙaruwa, yawan ruwan sama ya fi ta'azzara a tsakiyarta. E.B. Rodgers and R.F. Adler. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics as Determined from a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. Ana samun ruwan sama ya fi nauyi a cikin tsakiyar cyclone na wurare masu zafi, ko ya kasance bangon ido ko na tsakiya mai yawa, a cikin madaidaicin digiri na cibiyar, tare da ƙarancin kuɗi nesa da cibiyar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Riehl Yawancin ruwan sama a cikin cyclones na wurare masu zafi yana maida hankali ne a cikin radius na gale-force (iska. Corene J. Matyas. Relating Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Patterns to Storm Size. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Ruwan sama ya fi zama ruwan dare a kusa da tsakiyar cyclones na wurare masu zafi na dare. A cikin ƙasa, makada na waje sun fi aiki yayin dumama rana, waɗanda za su iya yin aiki don taƙaita shigowa cikin tsakiyar guguwar. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa rabin ruwan sama a cikin guguwa mai zafi yana da tsari a yanayi. David M. Roth. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Presentation (July 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Riehl ya haɓaka taswirar dama a cikin 1954 ta amfani da ma'auni na yanayi wanda ke ɗaukar radiyo mai nisan , guguwa mai ma'ana daidai gwargwado, kuma baya la'akari da tasirin yanayi ko juzu'in iska a tsaye. Adadin gida zai iya wuce wannan ginshiƙi da kashi biyu saboda yanayin ƙasa. Tsayar da iska tana ƙoƙarin rage adadin da ke ƙasa da abin da aka nuna akan tebur.

 Dangantaka da girman guguwa 
Manyan guguwa na wurare masu zafi suna da garkuwar ruwan sama mafi girma, wanda zai iya haifar da yawan ruwan sama mai nisa daga tsakiyar guguwar. Corene J. Matyas. Relating Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Patterns to Storm Size. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Wannan yana faruwa gabaɗaya saboda tsayin lokacin da ruwan sama ya faɗi a kowane wuri a cikin babban tsari, idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin tsari. Wasu daga cikin bambance-bambancen da ake gani game da ruwan sama tsakanin manya da kanana guguwa zai iya zama ƙarar samfurin ruwan sama a cikin babban guguwa mai zafi idan aka kwatanta da na ƙanƙaramar guguwa; a wasu kalmomi, bambancin zai iya zama sakamakon matsalar ƙididdiga.

 Slow/looping motsi akan girman ruwan sama 
Guguwa da suka yi tafiya sannu a hankali, ko madauki, a cikin kwanaki masu yawa suna haifar da mafi girman adadin ruwan sama ga ƙasashe da yawa. Riehl ya ƙididdige cewa  na ruwan sama a kowace rana ana iya sa ran tsakanin rabin digiri, ko , na tsakiyar babban guguwar yanayi mai zafi. Yawancin cyclones masu zafi suna ci gaba a motsi na gaba na 10 kulli, wanda zai iyakance tsawon lokacin wannan ruwan sama mai yawa zuwa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yini, wanda zai haifar da kusan  na ruwan sama. Wannan zai zama gaskiya akan ruwa, tsakanin  na bakin tekun, Russell Pfost. Tropical Cyclone Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting. Retrieved on 2007-02-25. da siffofi na waje. Yayin da guguwar iska ta yi nisa a cikin kasa kuma ta katse shi daga samar da dumi da danshi (teku), ruwan sama ya yi yawa daga guguwa mai zafi kuma ragowar su na raguwa da sauri. [9]

 Tsayewar iska mai ƙarfi akan garkuwar ruwan sama 
Tsayar da iska ta tsaye tana tilasta yanayin ruwan sama a kusa da guguwar yanayi mai zafi ya zama asymmetric, tare da yawancin hazo yana faɗowa zuwa hagu da saukar iskar juzu'i, ko ƙasa ƙasa. Ma'ana, tsatsauran ra'ayi na kudu maso yamma yana tilasta yawancin ruwan sama daga arewa-maso-gabashin cibiyar. Shuyi S. Chen, John A. Knaff, and Frank D. Marks, Jr. Effects of Vertical Wind Shear and Storm Motion on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Asymmetries Deduced from TRMM. Retrieved on 2007-03-28. Idan iska ya yi ƙarfi sosai, yawancin ruwan sama zai ƙaura daga cibiyar da ke kaiwa ga abin da aka sani da cibiyar zagayawa mai fallasa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, yuwuwar samun ruwan sama tare da guguwar yanayi mai zafi zai ragu sosai.

 Tasirin hulɗa tare da iyakoki na gaba / babban matakin 
Yayin da guguwar iska mai zafi ke mu'amala tare da tudun ruwa na matakin sama da na gaba da ke da alaƙa, ana ganin wani yanki na musamman na hazo tare da gaba da axis na babban matakin tudun ruwa. Irin wannan hulɗar na iya haifar da bayyanar da ruwan sama mafi girma yana faɗowa tare da hagu na hanyar guguwar iska mai zafi, tare da hazo mai ɗaukar ɗaruruwan mil ko kilomita ƙasa daga guguwar na wurare masu zafi. Norman. W. Junker. Hurricanes and extreme rainfall. Retrieved on 2006-02-13. Ƙarfin babban titin da ke ɗaukar guguwar na wurare masu zafi, mafi mahimmancin canjin waƙa a cikin rabon ruwan sama ya kasance. David M. Roth. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Presentation (July 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-19.

 Duwatsu 
Danshi iska ya tilastawa gangaren tsaunukan bakin teku da sarƙoƙin tsaunuka na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi fiye da na bakin teku. Wannan ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya na iya haifar da zabtarewar kasa, wanda har yanzu yana haifar da hasarar rayuka kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin guguwar Mitch a Amurka ta tsakiya. 

 Rarraba duniya 
A duniya baki daya, ruwan sama na guguwa mai zafi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a arewacin kogin sama fiye da na kudanci. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda yadda aka saba rarraba guguwa na wurare masu zafi na shekara-shekara, kamar yadda tsakanin rabin da kashi biyu bisa uku na duk guguwar yanayi ke tasowa a arewacin yankin equator. Ruwan sama yana mai da hankali kusa da layi na 15 a cikin duka sassan biyu, tare da ƙarancin ɗigon ruwa da aka gani tare da latitude a fadin arewacin kogin, saboda tsananin ruwan dumin da ake gani a wannan duniyar wanda ke ba da damar cyclones na wurare masu zafi su kasance na wurare masu zafi a yanayi a manyan latitudes fiye da kudu. equator. Whipple, Addison (1982). Storm. Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books. p. 54. ISBN 0-8094-4312-0. A kudancin kogin, tasirin ruwan sama zai zama ruwan dare tsakanin Janairu da Maris, yayin da arewacin equator, tasirin ruwan sama mai zafi na iska ya fi yawa tsakanin Yuni da Nuwamba. David M. Roth. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Presentation (July 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Japan na samun sama da rabin ruwan sama daga guguwa.http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Deadliest_Costliest.shtml

 Kididdigar yawan ruwan sama na guguwar cyclone na Amurka 
Tsakanin 1970 da 2004, ambaliya ta cikin ƙasa ta haifar da mafi yawan asarar rayuka masu nasaba da guguwar cyclone a Amurka . http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/inland_flood.shtml Wannan ƙididdiga ta canza a cikin 2005, lokacin da tasirin Hurricane Katrina shi kaɗai ya canza yanayin mafi muni na cyclones na wurare masu zafi ya koma hawan guguwa, wanda a tarihi ya kasance mafi muni na ƙaƙƙarfan cyclones na wurare masu zafi.  A matsakaita, guguwa mai zafi guda biyar na aƙalla ƙarfin damuwa na wurare masu zafi suna haifar da ruwan sama a duk faɗin Amurka a kowace shekara, suna ba da gudummawar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ruwan sama na shekara zuwa kudu maso gabashin Amurka. Yayin da yawancin waɗannan guguwa ke tasowa a cikin Tekun Atlantika, wasu tsare-tsare ko ragowarsu suna tafiya ta Mexico daga Tekun Gabashin Pacific. Matsakaicin jimlar yawan ruwan sama don guguwar yanayi mai zafi da ta shafi ƙasan 48 daga Tekun Atlantika kusan , tare da kashi 70-75 na guguwar gaba ɗaya ta faɗo cikin sa'o'i 24. An ga mafi girman ma'ana a lokacin Hurricane Harvey a cikin 2017, lokacin da  ya fadi a kudu maso gabashin Texas.http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcrainfall.html

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