Ganuwar Benin

Ganuwar Benin  (Edo: Iyanuwo), Wanda ake kira da ko kuma Benin Iya ko kuma Katangar Benin Jerin ayyukan ƙasa ne wanda ya zagaye Birnin Benin a Jihar Edo dake Najeriya. Wannan ganuwa tana da tarihi mai tsawo tare da hujjoin cewa sun wanzu tun kafin ƙirƙirar Masarautar Oba. Sun kunshi na birnin iya da kimanin  na iyas na karkara,mai yiwuwa ana amfani da su don raba filaye da kadarori,a yankin da ke kusa da Benin.An bayyana bangon birnin Benin da kewaye a matsayin "ayyukan kasa mafi girma da aka yi a duniya kafin zamanin injiniyoyi" ta littafin Guinness Book of Records. Wasu alkaluma sun nuna cewa watakila an gina katangar Benin ne a tsakanin karni na sha uku zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na sha biyar AZ wasu kuma na nuni da cewa an gina katangar Benin (a yankin Esan) a cikin karni na farko AZ. 

 Ginawa 
Ƙididdiga don gina ganuwar na farko tun daga ƙarni na farko AZ zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha biyar AZ. A cewar Connah,al'adar baka da asusun matafiya suna ba da shawarar ranar ginin 1450-1500 CE. An yi kiyasin cewa,idan aka ɗauki ranar aiki ta sa’o’i 10,ma’aikata 5,000 za su iya kammala bangon cikin kwanaki 97,ko kuma maza 2,421 a cikin kwanaki 200. Duk da haka,an soki waɗannan alkaluma saboda rashin yin la'akari da lokacin da za a ɗauka don hako ƙasa daga rami mai zurfi da kuma lokacin da za a ɗauka don tara ƙasa zuwa wani babban banki. 

 An ambaci farko a Turai 
Turawa sun san katangar birnin Benin tun kimanin shekara ta 1500,lokacin da wani ɗan ƙasar Portugal mai binciken Duarte Pacheco Pereira a taƙaice ya kwatanta ganuwar yayin tafiyarsa:

Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Graham Connah ya nuna cewa Pereira ya yi kuskure da bayaninsa da cewa babu bango.Connah ya ce, "[Pereira] ya yi la'akari da cewa bankin duniya ba bango ba ne a ma'anar Turai na zamaninsa."

Ƙarni daga baya,mai binciken ɗan ƙasar Holland Dierick Ruiters ya ba da wannan asusun a kusan 1600:Connah, Graham (June 1967). "New Light on the Benin City Walls". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 3 (4): 597–599. ISSN 0018-2540. JSTOR 41856902.

An gina ganuwar da rami da tsarin diks;ramin da aka tona don samar da wani tumatur na ciki tare da tono kasa da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da shingen waje.

Guda tarwatsewar ginin ya kasance a Edo,inda mafi yawansu mazauna yankin ke amfani da su don gine-gine. Abin da ya rage na bangon kansa yana ci gaba da rushewa don ci gaban ƙasa.

 Manazarta