Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa

Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa (1804 – 1863/4), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Dan Tafa, masanin tarihi ne, masanin tauhidi, falsafa, mawaki kuma masanin fikihu daga khalifancin Sokoto. An dauke shi a matsayin "mafi ilimi" a zamaninsa.: 101-102 Ya kasance kwararre mai ilimi wanda ya zurfafa a fannonin ilimi daban-daban,amma ya yi suna musamman wajen rubuce-rubucensa na tarihi da na falsafa.:221  : 221 

Dan Tafa ya rayu ne a lokacin da ake fama da tashin hankali a kasar Hausa,inda ya shaida jihadin Sokoto da kuma kafa Daular Sakkwato daga baya .Bayan rasuwar shugabanni uku masu neman sauyi, Usman,Abdullahi,da Muhammad Bello,Dan Tafa ya zama wanda ake nema ruwa a jallo saboda hikima da kwarewarsa a kan al'amuran tarihi,Musulunci,da jagoranci.Ya taka rawar gani a fannin ilimi ta hanyar gudanar da wata cibiya ta ilimi a Salame wadda ta jawo malamai daga sassa daban-daban na yammacin Afirka musamman daga Timbuktu.

 Suna 
Sheikh Dan Tafa,wanda asalinsa sunansa Abd Al-Qadir ibn al-Mustafa,an yi masa laqabi da“Dan Tafa,”wanda ke fassara zuwa “ɗan Tafa” a harshen Hausa .An samo wannan sunan ne daga sunan mahaifinsa Mustafa,an taqaita shi zuwa Tafa.Mahaifinsa Mustafa mutum ne mai daraja da ilimi a unguwarsu,don haka ake kiransa da Mallam Tafa,inda ake kiransa da “Mallam” a harshen Hausa.

 Rayuwa 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Dan Tafa a shekara ta 1804 a Fankaaji,wani kauye a Gobir, kafin hijirar da ta zama farkon juyin juya halin Sakkwato. : 139 hijrah ta samu jinkiri saboda haihuwarsa.Mahaifiyarsa,Khadijah,ita ce babbar 'yar Usman dan Fodio,jagoran juyin juya halin Musulunci.Khadijah ba wai babbar malamin addinin Musulunci ba ce kawai,har ma ta kasance kwararriyar marubuci,wadda ta yi rubuce-rubuce sama da shida kuma ta fassara <i id="mwLQ">Mukhtasar Khalil</i> zuwa Fulfulde.Ta taka rawar gani wajen ilimantar da matan gidan Fodia,kuma ‘yar uwarta Nana Asma’u tana daya daga cikin fitattun dalibanta. : 27 

Mahaifin Dan Tafa,Sheikh Mustafa ibn Muhammad,wanda aka fi sani da Mallam Tafa,malami ne kuma marubuci wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen bawa ga Shehu Usman . : 19 Ya rike mukamin Amir al-kutaab (shugaban malamai)kuma ma’aikacin laburare a cikin kabilar Fodiawa ya kuma raka Shehu wajen yawon wa’azi a fadin kasar Hausa kafin jihadi.Lokacin da Usman ya zama Amirul Muminin al’ummar Musulmi,Malam Tafa ya zama babban sakatarensa kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zabar halifa na gaba,musamman ma Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar Atiku a 1842. : 83 Babban malamin Mallam Tafa kuma mai ba shi shawara shi ne Abdullahi dan Fodio,wanda ya karfafa masa gwiwar kafa cibiyar ilimi. Sarkin Musulmi Bello ya ba shi fili a kusa da Sakkwato,wanda aka fi sani da Dama, inda ya kafa cibiyar da ta jawo hankulan dalibai daga ko'ina cikin halifanci .Mallam Tafa ya ja ragamar wannan cibiya har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1856.: 28-30 Bayan rasuwarsa Dan Tafa ya karbi ragamar kula da wannan cibiya kuma shahararta ta ci gaba da bunkasa.Malamai daga har zuwa Timbuktu akai-akai suna tafiya don ziyartar wannan cibiya a cikin karni na sha tara. : 140 

 Ilimin farko 
Duk iyayensa sun kafa harsashin fahimtar addinin Musulunci ta hanyar zama malamansa na farko.Mahaifinsa Malam Tafa ya kara habaka iliminsa ta hanyar karantar da shi darussa daban-daban da suka hada da fiqhu (ilimin fikihu),lughat (ilimin harshe),tafsiri (tafsirin Al-Qur'ani),da kuma tarihi .Dukkan wadannan batutuwa an mika su ga Mallam Tafa daga wajen mai ba shi shawara,Abdullahi dan Fodio.Yayin da yake ci gaba a karatunsa,ilimin Dan Tafa ya fadada har ya hada da abubuwan da suka ci gaba na addini.Kawunsa,Muhammad Sanbu,ya koya masa Sufanci,gnosis,da sauran ilimomin esoteric,yana ba shi zurfin fahimtar al'amura na ruhaniya.: 30-31 

Bugu da kari,kawun Dan Tafa,Muhammad Mudi dan Laima,ya koya masa ilimin firamare,wanda ya kunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar likitanci,lissafi,da ilmin taurari .Kawun nasa ya kara fallasa shi ga falsafar, kimiyyar dandalin sihiri (al-awfaq),da kuma cikakkiyar fahimtar kimiyyar siyasa. : 31-32 

 Manazarta