Jacquie Sturm

Jacqueline Cecilia Sturm (sunanta na haihuwa Te Kare Papuni, kuma aka santa da Jacquie Baxter ; 17 Mayu 1927 - 30 Disamban shekarar 2009)mawaƙiya ce ta New Zealand,marubuci ɗan labari kuma marubuci.Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan Māori na farko da suka kammala karatun digiri na farko a jami'a,a Kwalejin Jami'ar Victoria,sannan kuma Masters of Arts a Falsafa. Ita kuma ita ce marubuciyar Māori ta farko da aka buga aikinta a cikin littafin tarihin Turanci.An buga gajerun labarunta a cikin tarin tarin yawa da mujallu na ɗalibai a cikin 1950s da farkon 1960s,kuma a cikin 1983 ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen mata ta buga tarin gajerun labarunta a matsayin The House of the Talking Cat.Ta ci gaba da rubuta gajerun labarai da waƙoƙi da kyau a farkon 2000s,kuma ana ɗaukarta a yau a matsayin majagaba na adabin New Zealand .

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Sturm a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1927 a Opunake,Taranaki,New Zealand.Sunan haihuwarta Te Kare Papuni. Mahaifinta,John Raymond Papuni,wani ɓangare ne na Whakatōhea iwi daga Ōpōtiki a yankin Bay of Plenty,kuma mahaifiyarta,Mary Kingsley Harrison, 'yar Moewaka Tautokai ce,'yar riƙon sarkin Taranaki Wiremu Kingi Moki Te Matakatea,kuma Te Whare Matangi Harrison,kane ga marubucin marubucin Ingilishi Charles Kingsley.

Mahaifiyar Sturm ta rasu ne sakamakon ciwon jini jim kadan bayan haihuwar ta.Mahaifinta ya ɗauki ƙanwarta Evadne ya koma Bay of Plenty don danginsa su yi renonsa,amma kakar mahaifiyar Sturm Tautokai ta dage akan renon ta a Taranaki.Tautokai ta yi rashin lafiya lokacin da Sturm ke da shekaru hudu kuma ya yi imanin cewa tana mutuwa,don haka Sturm ya sami reno daga wata ma'aikaciyar jinya a gida da mijinta,Ethel da Bert Sturm, waɗanda suka sake mata suna Jacqueline Cecilia Sturm kuma suka karbe ta a 1941.Ethel shi ne Pākehā, yayin da Bert shi ne Ngāti Kahungunu da Ngāti Porou,kuma mai sayar da kayan lambu.Dukansu sun kasance a ƙarshen 50s / farkon 60s a lokacin tallafi kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata guda biyu.Sturm ya Kuma girma tare da su a cikin yanayin Pākehā,kuma ya rubuta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa game da tunaninta na rashin wuri ko rayuwa tsakanin duniyoyi.Ta waka "A Loco Parentis" tuna yadda Sturms "... dasa,renon / horar da,pruned,grafted ni / Sai kawai a sami 'yan qasar shuka / Za ko da yaushe dan kasa zama".

Sturm ya fara rubuta waƙa yana da shekaru 11,yayin da yake murmurewa daga abin da zai iya zama zazzabi na rheumatic kuma yana zaune a Pukerua Bay.Ta yi fice a makaranta a fannin ilimi da wasanni,ta zama dux na makaranta kuma zakaran wasan ninkaya na makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Napier.A ƙarshen kuruciyarta,ta ziyarci al'ummomin Māori a cikin Urewera da Bay of Plenty,inda mahaifinta ya fito,kuma bayan wannan ƙwarewar tana da burin zama likita.Reverend Manuhuia Bennett(daga baya Bishop na Aotearoa )ya gamsu da nasarorin da ta samu a fannin ilimi kuma ya taimaka sosai wajen ƙarfafa iyayenta su ba ta damar shiga Jami'ar Otago.  

 Jami'a da aure 
A cikin shekarar 1946,Sturm ya fara karatu a Jami'ar Otago; ita kadai ce macen Māori a harabar jami’ar.   Shirinta na farko shine karatun likitanci, amma duk da samun maki mai karfi, ta yi rashin samun shiga makarantar likitanci da kyar saboda ka'idojin shigar da sojojin da suka dawo daga yakin duniya na biyu .  Don haka ta fara karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha, da farko da nufin sake gwadawa don shiga makarantar likitanci,amma ta yanke shawarar yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ɗan adam.Sturm ya buga waƙarta ta farko a cikin mujallar ɗalibi Critic,kuma ta kasance mai tsere a cikin gasar waƙa ta shekara-shekara zuwa wani matashin mawaƙin New Zealand, James K.Baxter. Ra'ayinta na farko game da Baxter shine cewa shi "mutum ne mai kama da dopey,ba ra'ayina na mawaƙi ba,amma yana da murya mai ban mamaki kuma ya san yadda ake amfani da ita". 

A ƙarshen shekarar 1947 Sturm ya koma Kwalejin Jami'ar Canterbury da ke Christchurch don nazarin ilimin ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin sanannen masanin ilimin zamantakewa Ivan Sutherland. A wannan lokacin ita da Baxter suna cikin dangantaka kuma ya koma Christchurch tare da ita.Daga baya Sturm ya tuno da rashin damuwa lokacin da ya shigo lectures dinta.Ya sha fama da shaye-shaye a wannan lokacin kuma halayensa sun kasance marasa kuskure.Baxter ya zama editan adabi na mujallar dalibi <i id="mwfQ">Canta</i>,amma bai buga wakoki da Sturm ya rubuta ba,kuma Bill Pearson ne ya buga wakokinta na farko a cikin mujallar lokacin da ya karbi ragamar daga Baxter a 1948.

Lokacin da Sturm da Baxter suka fara magana game da aure a ƙarshen shekarar 1948,duka rukunin iyayen sun yi ƙoƙarin hana su,ganin cewa sun kasance 21 da 22 ne kawai. Duk da wannan adawar iyaye,Sturm da Baxter sun yi aure a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1948 a Cathedral na St John the Evangelist,Napier,sannan suka koma Wellington. 

A cikin shekarar 1949,Sturm ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Jami'ar Victoria tare da Bachelor of Arts, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matan Māori na farko da suka kammala digiri na farko na jami'a.   A wannan shekarar ta haifi ita da 'yar Baxter,Hilary.  Mahaifin Hilary shine mai zane Colin McCahon.A cikin 1952,Sturm ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Jami'ar Victoria tare da Masters of Arts in Philosophy,ɗaya daga cikin digiri na farko na masters da aka baiwa mace Maori.Kundin karatunta,"Halayen Ƙasa ta New Zealand Kamar Yadda Aka Misalta a cikin Marubuta New Zealand Uku",an yaba da matsayinta na musamman,kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta farko . A wannan shekarar,Sturm da Baxter sun haifi ɗa,John.

 1950 zuwa 1970 
A farkon shekarun 1950,Sturm ta fara rubuta gajerun labarai,wani bangare don bambanta rubuce-rubucen nata da wakokin mijinta. Don irin waɗannan dalilai,ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan JC Sturm maimakon amfani da sunan aurenta.Gajeren labarinta na farko,"The Old Coat",an buga shi a cikin mujallar Lissafi a cikin 1954.A shekara mai zuwa,an buga "Ga Duk Waliyai" a cikin mujallar Te Ao Hou / Sabuwar Duniya.Ta bayyana akai-akai a cikin mujallun biyu ta cikin shekarar 1950s da 1960s,kuma a cikin shekarar 1966 CK Stead ya zaɓi "Ga Duk Waliyai" don haɗawa a cikin gajerun labarai na New Zealand da Jami'ar Oxford ta buga.Ita ce marubuciyar Māori ta farko wacce aka zaɓi aikinta don tarihin tarihin New Zealand.Abokin Oxford zuwa Adabin New Zealand ta ce game da aikinta: Millar, Paul; McLeod, Aorewa (2006). "Sturm, J.C.". In Robinson, Roger; Wattie, Nelson (eds.). The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-1917-3519-6. OCLC 865265749. Retrieved 5 November 2020.

Category:Mutuwan 2009
Category:Haifaffun 1927