Archaeology na Nsukka

Nsukka yanki ne dake cikin jihar Enugu dake kudu maso gabashin Najeriya wanda ya jawo sha'awa ta musamman a fannin binciken kayan tarihi.Wannan yanki ya samar da misalan karfe, karafa,yumbu, da duwatsu wadanda suka taimaka wajen ci gaban kasar tsawon shekaru.A cikin yankin da ake kira Igboland,wanda Nsukka ke zaune,an san Alumona a matsayin wurin da ake aiki da ƙarfe,yayin da Opi,Obimo,Lejja,Orba,Nrobo,Onyohor,Ekwegbe,da Umundu ke da alaƙa da narkewar ƙarfe .

 Tarihin al'adu 
Onyohor,Ekwegbe,da Obimo, duk ana daukar su a matsayin wani yanki na tsohon yankin Nsukka,wanda kuma yanki ne na yankin kabilar da aka fi sani da Igboland. Wuraren narka na Onyohor da Ekwegbe tare sun zama iyakar kudancin yankin Nsukka,yayin da ake samun wurin da ake narka baƙin ƙarfe a Obimo a yammacin yankin.Waɗannan yankuna kaɗai sun ba da tabbacin cewa yankin Nsukka ya ƙunshi halaye na al'adu daban-daban bisa ga waɗannan garuruwan da ke cikin tudu.Hakazalika da sauran yankunan kasar Igbo,wuraren da aka ambata kowannensu yana da nasa tarihin da labaran asali.Wadannan labaran sun taso ne daga wurin da ake zaton asalin kabilar Ibo ne zuwa hijira da cudanya.
Tarihin baka na mutanen Onyohor na da'awar cewa kauyuka biyar da suka kafa garin,'ya'yan Elunyi Ugwunye ne,wanda ya kafa Onyohor.Itanyi, E. I.; Okonkwo, Emeka E. (2009). "A Preliminary Report On Recent Archaeological Field School On Iron Working Sites In Nsukka Plateau: Onyohor, Ekwegbe, and Obimo, Nigeria". International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences. 1: 263–272 – via Academic Excellence Society.A cewar wani Igwe Mathew Ukpabi,hijira ba ta faru a wannan yanki ba.Ga mutanen Ekwegbe,an yi ta cece-kuce bisa ’yan asali,amma kuma akwai yiwuwar hijira daga Aku da ta hannun Umma kafin isa Ekwegbe.Ekwegbe ya auri Nome na Ideke Aruona,don haka sunan,Ekwegbe Odike Arumona,wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga cikakken sunan yankin - Nsukka Asadu Ideke Alumona.Obimo a gefe guda,yana da nau'ikan tarihin sa waɗanda ke jingina zuwa ko dai tasirin Igala ko tasirin Eri-Nri.Abin da ya fi shahara shi ne cewa Attah na hawan Igala ya fi jin dadi daga mazaunan Obimo na farko.Wadannan al'ummomi sun kasance masu bin addini a al'ada da kuma tattalin arziki,sun kasance masu aikin gona,sun fi amfani da kayan aiki kamar gatari,farat, da adduna.Wadannan garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da juna a fili sun yi mu'amala da juna ta hanyar irin wannan ayyukan nasu, wadanda suka hada da ayyukan fasaha kamar saƙa,sassaƙa, yin kwando, da maƙera.

 Ƙarfe mai narkewa 
Aikin ƙarfe na ɗaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan da aka fara a Nahiyar Afirka.Tarihin waɗannan hanyoyin ba su da kyau a wakilta saboda ra'ayin Eurocentric cewa "'yan Afirka sun kasance abin da Turawa suka yi".Wannan a bayyane yake ba haka lamarin yake ba,domin wuraren da ke kama da tudun Nsukka suna da shaidar narkewar ƙarfe,nau’in ƙarfe na gama-gari,wanda aka samu a yankin.Itanyi, E. I.; Okonkwo, Emeka E. (2009). "A Preliminary Report On Recent Archaeological Field School On Iron Working Sites In Nsukka Plateau: Onyohor, Ekwegbe, and Obimo, Nigeria". International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences. 1: 263–272 – via Academic Excellence Society.Tabbacin waɗannan fasahohin yana zaune a wurare kamar Obimo,Onyohor,Ekwegbe,da Lejja.

An kamanta wannan al’ada da al’adar kirkire-kirkire a Najeriya.Daban-daban nau'ikan fasahohin narke ana samun su daga tanderun narke daban-daban,kamar tanderun kwanon rufi,murhu,da murhun murhu,wanda ke nuna yuwuwar ci gaban karin lokaci.Binciken binciken kayan tarihi a yankin Nsukka ya bankado wasu abubuwa da aka zabo da hannu kamar gutsutsutsun yumbu,gawayi,tarkacen karfe,bawo na dabino,da guntun karafa. Manya-manyan,ƙarin abubuwa masu banƙyama sun haɗa da nozzles tuyere, kafuwar gida, da slags na silindi.Kowanne daga cikin wadannan kasidu yana a wuraren Obimo,Onyohor,da Ekwegbe,wanda ke nuni da cewa mutanen farko sun yi amfani da wannan hanyar narka karfe.Itanyi, E. I.; Okonkwo, Emeka E. (2009). "A Preliminary Report On Recent Archaeological Field School On Iron Working Sites In Nsukka Plateau: Onyohor, Ekwegbe, and Obimo, Nigeria". International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences. 1: 263–272 – via Academic Excellence Society.

Akwai nau'ikan tanderu iri-iri da aka gama a sakamakon narkewar ƙarfe:murhun kubba,murhu,da tanda ko tanderun rami.Ramin tanderu shine salon da ya fi dadewa har zuwa yau a shiyyar Nsukka.Ana ɗaukar murhun murhun gida a matsayin ingantaccen sigar tanda na asali saboda ingantattun tsarin sa wanda ke ba da damar ci gaba da ci gaba zuwa yanayin zafi mai zafi.Tanderun murhu sun ƙunshi kayan aiki na ƙwanƙwasa wanda ke jan narkakken narke daga cikin tanderun zuwa cikin ramin slag.An yi amfani da wannan tanderu ta musamman daga mutanen Berom da kuma masarautar Sukur, wanda ke wakiltar juriyar al'adu ta la'akari da yadda wannan fasaha ta ɓace a wasu yankunan ƙasar.

 Samar da kayan aiki 
An yi amfani da albarkatun kamar dutse,yumbu,da ƙarfe a tarihi don yin farauta da ayyukan noma a ƙoƙarin samar da ingantattun kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da su a matsugunan mutane.Kayan aikin duwatsu sun yi tasiri a sassa da dama na Najeriya.Nau'ikan maɓalli guda biyu na kayan aikin dutse sune kayan aikin flake da kayan aikin gogewa.Okonkwo, Emeka E.; Ibeanu, A. M. (April 2016). "Nigeria's Archaeological Heritage: Resource Exploitation and Technology". SAGE Open. 6 (2): 215824401665111. doi:10.1177/2158244016651111. ISSN 2158-2440. S2CID 147944354.An yi amfani da kayan aikin tudu da yawa lokacin sarrafa fatu da zaruruwa don amfanin ɗan adam.Wataƙila an ƙirƙira kayan aikin gogewa sakamakon mafarauta suna son ƙarin ingantattun fasaha wanda ke ba da damar gogewa mara kyau. Waɗannan kayan aikin da aka goge sun ɗauki nau'in gatari,wuƙaƙe na ƙarfe,da faratiyoyi,kayan aikin da za a iya amfani da su da hannu kuma an fi aiwatar da su a cikin ayyukan farauta da noma.

Amfani da yumbu ko yumbu na da mahimmanci a rayuwar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar ƴan Najeriya tun daga karni na huɗu BC zuwa yanzu.An yi amfani da yumbu da kuma samar da tukwane don ayyuka kamar dafa abinci,adanawa,musamman na ibada ko bukukuwa.Okonkwo, Emeka E.; Ibeanu, A. M. (April 2016). "Nigeria's Archaeological Heritage: Resource Exploitation and Technology". SAGE Open. 6 (2): 215824401665111. doi:10.1177/2158244016651111. ISSN 2158-2440. S2CID 147944354.

An gano al'adun tukwane daban-daban a Najeriya tare da bincike daga wuraren da aka gano kayan tarihi a Daima, Ife,da Nok.Okonkwo, Emeka E.; Ibeanu, A. M. (April 2016). "Nigeria's Archaeological Heritage: Resource Exploitation and Technology". SAGE Open. 6 (2): 215824401665111. doi:10.1177/2158244016651111. ISSN 2158-2440. S2CID 147944354. Samar da tukwane ya haɗa da samun tukunya mafi girma tare da ƙwanƙolin tushe mai zagaye don ƙirar.Ana sanya dunƙule yumbu a matsakaici a kusa da tukunyar,yana ba da damar cikakken santsi da kauri.

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