Cibiyar Sadarwar Yanayi ta Duniya

Cibiyar Sadarwar Yanar Gizo ta Duniya; (GHCN) saitin bayanai ne na zazzabi, hazo da bayanan matsa lamba, da Cibiyar Bayanan Yanayi ta ƙasa(NDCC), Jami'ar Jihar Arizona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanin Carbon Dioxide ke gudanarwa.

Ana tattara jimillar bayanan daga yawancin tashoshi masu cigaba da bada rahoto a saman duniya. Acikin 2012, akwai tashoshi 25,000 acikin ƙasashe da yankuna 180. Wasu misalan masu canjin sa ido sune jimlar hazo yau da kullun da matsakaicin zafin jiki. Abin lura ga wannan shine kashi 66% na tashoshin tashoshi suna bada rahoton hazo na yau da kullun.

Tunanin asali na aikace-aikacen bayanan GHCN-M shine don samar da nazarin yanayin yanayi don saitin bayanai waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun. Manufarsa ita ce ƙirƙirar saitin bayanan layi na duniya wanda za'a iya haɗa shi daga tashoshi a duk duniya.

Anyi amfani da wannan aikin sau da yawa azaman tushe don sake gina yanayin duniya da ya gabata, kuma anyi amfani da shi acikin sigogin baya na biyu daga cikin sanannun sake ginawa, waɗanda NCDC ta shirya, kuma NASA ta shirya a matsayin Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin Samaniya ta Goddard (GISS). saita yanayin zafi. Matsakaicin rikodin zafin jiki shine tsawon shekaru 60 tare da~1650 rikodin fiye da shekaru 100 da~220 mafi girma fiye da shekaru 150 (dangane da GHCN v2 acikin 2006). An tattara bayanan farko da aka haɗa acikin bayanan acikin 1697.

 Tarihi 
An haɓɓaka sigar farko ta hanyar sadarwa ta Tarihin Climatology ta Duniya a lokacin rani na 1992. Wannan sigar farko, wacce akafi sani da Shafin 1, haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin tashoshin bincike da bayanan da aka tsara dai-dai da shirin Rubuce-rubucen Yanayi na Duniya da Cibiyar Klimatology ta Duniya na wata-wata daga Cibiyar Binciken yanayi ta ƙasa. Acikin tashoshin, dukkanin su suna da aƙalla shekaru 10 na bayanai, 2/5 suna da fiye da shekaru 50 na bayanai, kuma 1/10 suna da shekaru 100 na bayanai. Sigar 1, ko fiye da aka fi sani da V1 shine tarin yanayin zafi na kowane wata daga tashoshi 6,000. Akwai, kamar na 2022, nau'ikan 3 na gaba na GHCN-M an ƙirƙira su kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.

 Taswira da bayanin 
GHCN yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da aka tattara na bayanan zafin jiki da akayi amfani da su don nazarin yanayin yanayi, kuma shine tushe na Rikodin Zazzabi na GISTEMP . Wannan taswira yana nuna ƙayyadaddun tashoshi 7,280 na zafin jiki acikin ƙasidar GHCN mai lamba ta tsawon rikodi. Shafukan da aka sabunta su sosai acikin bayanan (2,277) ana yiwa alama a matsayin "aiki" kuma annuna su cikin manyan alamomi, sauran rukunin yanar gizon ana yiwa alama "tarihi" kuma ana nuna su cikin ƙananan alamomi. A wasu lokuta, shafukan "tarihi" suna cigaba da tattara bayanai amma saboda ba da rahoto da jinkirin sarrafa bayanai (fiye da shekaru goma a wasu lokuta) basa taimakawa ga kimanta yanayin zafi na yanzu.

 Amfani 
Waɗannan sune kai tsaye, ma'auni na cikin-wuri waɗanda ba'a haɗasu ba ko bisa simintin ƙira. Wannan hoton yana nuna rikodin 3,832 fiye da shekaru 50, rikodin 1,656 fiye da shekaru 100, da kuma rikodin 226 fiye da shekaru 150. Rikodin mafi tsayi acikin tarin ya fara ne a Berlin acikin 1701 kuma har yanzu ana tattara shi a yau.

 Rashin amfani 
Kamar yadda ya tabbata daga wannan makirci, mafi yawan kayan aiki na duniya yana cikin Amurka, yayin da Antarctica shine yanki mafi ƙarancin kayan aiki. Yawancin sassan Afirka ba suda bayanan yanayin zafi na yanzu. Yawancin bayanai sun iyakance ga wuraren da mutane ke zama. Sassan tekun Pasifik da sauran tekuna sunfi keɓanta daga ƙayyadaddun tashoshi na zafin jiki, amma ana ƙara wannan ta hanyar masu sa kai masu lura da jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke rikodin bayanan zafin jiki yayin tafiye-tafiyensu na yau da kullun. Bayanan da aka yi rikodi na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin rashin daidaituwa, kamar ƙaura tasha, canji a aikin lura (misali daga lura da ma'aikata zuwa mai sarrafa bayanai ta atomatik) da canji acikin kayan aiki.

 GHCN – M Juyin Halitta 
Yayin da V1 ya kasance fitaccen tarin bayanan yanayi a cikin shekarun 1990s, kurakuran sa suna bayyana a hankali kuma nan da nan aka maye gurbinsu da Sigar 2 (V2). An saki V2 acikin 1997, cikin sauri ya maye gurbin sabon tsohon V1. Abubuwan haɓakawa sun haɗa da ingantattun labaran duniya; adadin tashoshi ya karu daga 6,000 zuwa 7280 tare da samar da sabbin na'urorin sarrafa bayanai. Waɗannan sun haɗa amma ba'a iyakance su ba don haɓaka sabbin bayanai, haɓaka ingantaccen inganci, da ƙarin saitin bayanai. V2 cikin sauri ya zama na gaba ga ƙungiyoyi kamar NASA, NOAA, da IPCC.Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N.; Gleason, Byron E.; Rennie, J. Jared; Lawrimore, Jay H. (2018-12-15). "The Global Historical Climatology Network Monthly Temperature Dataset, Version 4". Journal of Climate. 31 (24): 9835–9854. Bibcode:2018JCli...31.9835M. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0094.1. ISSN 0894-8755. S2CID 134797632. GHCN-M V2 ita ce mafi girman bayanan sa ido kan yanayin da aka saita tsawon shekaru 14. Harsai acikin 2011, an fitar da Version 3 (V3). Sigar 3 sabon salo ne kuma ingantacciyar sigar nau'ikan da suka gabata guda biyu tare da ƙarin sarrafawar inganci. Waɗannan abubuwan sarrafawa sun haɗada kawar da kwafin tarin bayanai da rage haɓakar homogenization.Menne, Matthew J.; Durre, Imke; Vose, Russell S.; Gleason, Byron E.; Houston, Tamara G. (2012-07-01). "An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily Database". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 29 (7): 897–910. Bibcode:2012JAtOT..29..897M. doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1. ISSN 0739-0572. S2CID 120956769. Sabuwar sigar da wacce ake amfani da ita a halin yanzu ana kiranta da V4, ko Shafin 4.V4 a halin yanzu yana da tashoshi 25,000 na ƙasa wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tattara bayanan yanayi na wata-wata da na yau da kullun a duniya. Manufar V4 ita ce haɗa bayanan da aka tattara a baya da aka tattara tare da waɗanda a halin yanzu ake rikodin su don ƙirƙirar ra'ayi mai yawa na canjin yanayi. Wannan kuma ya taimaka wajen kawar da batun homogenization wanda ba a warware a baya ba wanda ya addabi nau'ikan da suka gabata. Bugu da ƙari, V4 ya lissafta manyan batutuwan da suka gabata, kamar rashin tabbas, bambance-bambance acikin sikelin, da kuma haɗin kai da aka ambata a baya.

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 
Cibiyar Sadarwar Yanayi ta Duniya ta Duniya kowane wata (GHCNm)