Jeep CJ

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Gabatarwa
Jeep CJ jeri ne da kewayon ƙananan motocin buɗaɗɗen kashe hanya da ƙananan motoci masu ɗaukar hoto, waɗanda aka gina da kuma sayar da su ta hanyar incarnations da yawa na alamar motar Jeep daga 1945 zuwa 1986. 1945 Willys "Universal Jeep" ita ce motar farar hula ta farko da aka kera a duniya.
A cikin 1944, Willys-Overland, babban masana'anta na Jeep na Yaƙin Duniya na II, ya gina samfuran farko don sigar kasuwanci - CJ, gajere don "Jeep farar hula".  Zane-zanen juyin halitta ne kai tsaye daga jif ɗin yaƙi, amma mafi bayyananniyar canjin shine ƙara ƙofofin wutsiya, da kuma sake mayar da motar da ke gefe. Hakanan, ban da ƙara kayan more rayuwa na farar hula da zaɓuɓɓuka, gami da hasken doka, CJ yana buƙatar madaidaicin tuƙi fiye da na jeep ɗin yaƙi, saboda masu siyan karkara da aka yi niyya za su yi aiki tuƙuru da motocin, kuma suna tsammanin dorewa na shekaru, maimakon makonni kawai a lokacin. WW II.
Tun daga nan, duk CJ Jeeps a koyaushe suna da keɓaɓɓen jiki da firam, madaidaiciyar rayayyun ganyaye tare da maɓuɓɓugan ganye duka gaba da baya, ƙirar hanci mai murɗawa tare da fenders, da gilashin iska mai ninke, kuma ana iya tuka su ba tare da ƙofofi ba. Har ila yau, tare da ƴan bangaranci, suna da tsarin tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu na ɗan lokaci, tare da zaɓi na babba da ƙananan gearing, da buɗaɗɗen jikin jiki tare da filaye masu wuya ko taushi. Canje-canje kaɗan a cikin shekarun ƙira na 42 sune gabatarwar da aka yi na zagaye-fendered vs. faifan fendered jikin (1955 CJ-5), madaidaiciya-6 da injuna V8, akwatunan gear atomatik, da kuma tsarin tuƙi na 4 daban-daban. 1976 CJ-7 ya shimfiɗa ƙafar ƙafa ta inci 10 (25 cm), kuma an yi ƙofofi da abubuwan gama gari masu wuyar cirewa.

Bayan ci gaba da samarwa ta hanyar kewayon samfuran ƙira, da iyayen kamfanoni da yawa, layin Jeep CJ ya ƙare bisa hukuma bayan 1986. An gina fiye da miliyan 1.5 na CJ Jeeps, bayan sun ci gaba da irin salon jikinsu na tsawon shekaru 45 tun lokacin da Jeep ya fara bayyana.  Ana ɗauka da yawa a matsayin "Dokin Aiki na Amurka", an kwatanta CJs a matsayin "watakila abin hawa mai nasara mafi nasara da aka taɓa yi."  VP Joseph Cappy na Amurka Motors ya ce ƙarshen "samar da CJ zai nuna ƙarshen wani muhimmin lokaci a tarihin Jeep."  A cikin 1987, Jeep CJ-7 ya maye gurbin Jeep Wrangler na farko. Da yake kama da kama da hawa akan ƙafar ƙafa ɗaya kamar CJ-7, ya ɗauki wasu mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, gami da amfani da maɓuɓɓugan ganye .

Irin wannan samfurin DJ "Dispatcher" an gabatar dashi a cikin 1956 a matsayin sigar tuƙi mai ƙafa biyu tare da buɗaɗɗe, masana'anta, ko rufaffiyar jikin ƙarfe a duka hagu-da-dama na tuƙi don otal, wurin shakatawa, 'yan sanda, kuma daga baya Amurka Postal. Kasuwannin sabis .  

 CJ-1 
A cikin 1942, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta gwada MB. A shekara ta 1944, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin sun kasance da tabbaci cewa za a ci nasara a yakin, kuma yakin basasa ya yi kama da raguwa. Wannan ya ba Willys damar yin la'akari da kera Jeep don kasuwar farar hula bayan yakin. Takaddun bayanai ba su da yawa, amma a farkon 1944, Willys ya zama kamar ya sami lokaci don fara zana tsare-tsare, kuma samfura ɗaya ko biyu da aka yiwa lakabi da CJ (-1), na "Jeep farar hula", suna gudana a watan Mayu na waccan shekarar. Da alama an ƙirƙiri CJ na farko ta hanyar gyaggyarawa da sauri na MB na soja na yau da kullun, ƙara ƙofofin wutsiya, ƙaramin gearing, mashaya, da saman zane irin na farar hula. CJ na farko ya yi aiki azaman gwaji mai sauri-na-ra'ayi, kuma lokacin da ƙarin ƙirar ƙira ta samo asali, mai yiwuwa ya zama CJ-1 ta tsohuwa.  An kera su har sai da CJ-2s suka bayyana, kuma su ne Jeep na farko da aka gina tun daga tushe har zuwa farar hula.

Babu CJ-1 da aka gina da ya tsira, kuma ba a san adadin nawa aka yi ba. 

 CJ-2 
Kodayake an gina aƙalla 40, Willys-Overland CJ-2 bai kasance don siyar da siyarwa ba. CJ-2s, wanda kuma aka fi sani da "AgriJeeps",  sune samfuran ƙarni na biyu don samarwa farar hula Jeep na farko, kuma an yi amfani da su kawai don dalilai na gwaji. Kodayake ƙirar su ta dogara ne akan sojojin Willys MB kai tsaye, ta yin amfani da injin Willys Go Iblis iri ɗaya - ba wai kawai an cire su daga duk fasalulluka na soja ba, musamman hasken baƙar fata, amma kuma CJ-2s suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin sifofin jiki da gini. da Jeep na soja.  Suna da ƙofofin wutsiya, kashe wutar lantarki, gwamnonin injin ($28.65), Gunnell, John A. (1993). Standard Catalog of American Light-Duty Trucks. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-238-9. ginshiƙi-shift T90 watsawa, 5.38 gears, 2.43: 1 ƙananan ƙararrakin canja wuri, da bayanan kayan aikin direba. An sake fasalin rijiyoyin na baya ta yadda za a iya faɗaɗa kujeru, ingantawa, da matsar da su a baya, kuma an gwada sabbin ƙira mafi ƙarancin yanayi. Rabin saman zane tare da ƙofofin da aka yi birgima ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan ƙira da aka gwada kafin samarwa.  Injin L-head CJ-2 Go-Devil ya kasance iri ɗaya da na Jeep na lokacin yaƙi, amma ya yi amfani da tsarin carburetor na daban da kuma kunna wuta.

The CJ-2s were built in two main batches, but even within the two groups, each was a little different, as they evolved and were modified for various types of work. For instance a number of experimental combinations of powertrain components were tested. Earlier models were dubbed “pilot models” because they still had so many differences from the production Jeeps. They were painted olive-drab, and had brass “JEEP” badges on the windshield base, the hood sides, and the rear. Some CJ-2s also had an "AgriJeep" plaque fixed to the dash.[citation needed] Later models were stamped "JEEP" and were painted in a few civilian colors that translated into the "WILLYS" stamping and the colors that appeared on the first production CJ-2A Jeeps built from 1945. The spare tire was mounted forward of the passenger-side rear wheel on the earlier models and aft of the rear wheel on later ones. The CJ-2s were likely distributed to "agricultural stations" for evaluation purposes.

Daga cikin 40-45 CJ-2s da aka gina, jerin lambobin CJ2-03, CJ2-04, CJ2-06 (X30), CJ2-09 (X33), CJ2-11, CJ2-12, CJ2-14, CJ2-16, CJ2-26, CJ2-29, CJ2-32 (X56), CJ2-37 (X61), da CJ2-38 (X62)  sun tsira, kodayake wasu suna cikin mawuyacin hali.An  da CJ2-09.  

 CJ-2A 
Darussan da aka koya tare da CJ-2 sun haifar da haɓaka na farko na CJ mai cikakken samarwa, 1945-1949 Willys-Overland CJ-2A, ko Universal Jeep . An ba da alamar kasuwanci don "AGRIJEEP" a cikin Disamba 1944, amma ba a yi amfani da shi ba.  CJ-2A yayi kama da MB na wayewa tare da ƙofofin wutsiya da ƙafar ƙafa. Bambancin bambanci tsakanin MB da CJ-2A yana kwance a cikin grille na motocin biyu. Inda MB ɗin ke da fitilolin mota da grille mai ramuka tara, CJ-2A tana da fitilun fitilun fitillu masu girman gaske, wanda aka saka a cikin gasa mai ramuka bakwai. Duk da yake har yanzu ana ƙarfafa ta ta ingin L-134 Go-Devil abin dogaro, CJ-2A ya maye gurbin watsa T-84 na MB tare da naman sa T-90 mai sauri uku.

An fara samar da CJ-2A a ranar 17 ga Yuli 1945, tare da raba lokacin samarwa tare da MB - kusan 9000 ƙarin MBs an samar da su har zuwa Satumba 1945.  Yawancin farkon CJ-2As an samar dasu ta amfani da ragowar kayan aikin jeep na soja kamar tubalan injin, kuma a wasu lokuta, firam ɗin da aka gyara. Har zuwa serial no. 13453, an ɗora madaidaicin gatari na MB-style. Da zarar an yi amfani da su, CJ ya sami mafi ƙarfi samfurin Dana / Spicer 41.  Wani lokaci amfani da sassan MB ya kasance saboda yajin aiki a masu kaya, kamar Autolite. Tun da Willys ya samar da ƴan sassa a cikin gida kuma ya dogara kacokan akan masu kaya, yana da rauni ga yajin aiki. Abin baƙin ciki ga Willys, yajin ya kasance na kowa bayan yakin, kuma wannan yana iya ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin samarwa a cikin 1945 da farkon 1946.

Tun da CJ-2A an yi niyya da farko don noma, kiwo, da aikace-aikacen masana'antu, hannun jari CJ-2As kawai ya zo tare da wurin zama direba da madubin gefen direba, kuma akwai zaɓi iri-iri iri-iri, kamar: wurin zama na fasinja na gaba, kujerar baya., madubi na duba baya na tsakiya, saman zane, gaban wutar lantarki (PTO), baya PTO, bel ɗin bel ɗin motar, capstan winch, gwamna, daga baya na ruwa, garmar dusar ƙanƙara, walda, janareta, Gunnell, John A. (1993). Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-238-4. injin yanka, diski, gaba nauyi mai nauyi, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu nauyi, masu goge gilashin iska guda biyu (hannun CJ-2As an sanye su da injin goge hannu a gefen fasinja da injin goge goge a gefen direba), fitilolin wutsiya biyu (hannun CJ-2As yana da fitilar wutsiya akan direban. Gefe da mai haskakawa a gefen fasinja), radiyo mai zafi, masu gadin mota, hita, matakan gefe, da gadin goge goge.

An samar da CJ-2As a cikin haɗe-haɗe masu launi waɗanda a wasu hanyoyi ke wakiltar bege da alƙawarin Amurka bayan yaƙi. Dangane da manufar da aka yi niyya, haɗe-haɗe kuma sun yi kama da waɗanda shahararrun masana'antun kayan aikin gona suka yi amfani da su a lokacin. Daga 1945 zuwa tsakiyar 1946, CJ-2As suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin haɗin launi guda biyu: Pasture Green tare da ƙafafun rawaya na kaka da Harvest Tan tare da ƙafafun Rana. Ƙarin haɗin launi da aka ƙara a tsakiyar 1946 sune: Princeton Black tare da Harvard Red ko Sunset Red wheels, Michigan Yellow with Pasture Green, Sunset Red ko American Black wheels, Normandy Blue tare da Rawaya Rawaya ko Faɗuwar Rana, da Harvard Red tare da Rawaya na Autumn ko Amurka Black wheels. Abubuwan da ake kira Pasture Green da Harvest Tan an bar su daga baya a cikin 1946. An jefar da haɗin gwiwar Harvard Red a cikin 1947 kuma an maye gurbinsu da Picket Gray tare da ƙafafun Harvard Red, da Luzon Red tare da ƙafafun Universal Beige. A cikin 1948, an ƙara waɗannan haɗin launi: Emerald Green tare da ƙafafun Beige na Universal, Potomac Grey tare da Harvard Red ko American Black wheels. Domin 1949, an jefar da Picket Grey, Michigan Yellow, da Normandy Blue haɗuwa. Hakanan ana samun dam ɗin zaitun don samfuran fitarwa.

A farkon CJ-2As, an rufe kujerun gaba da vinyl zaitun-drab. Kusan tsakiyar 1947, Slate Grey vinyl ya zama samuwa don wasu haɗin launi. Daga baya, Barcelona Red aka kara zuwa ga mix.

An samar da jimlar 214,760 CJ-2As. Saboda amfani da sassan samar da sojoji akan farkon CJ-2As, da kuma sauye-sauye da yawa da aka yi yayin samar da farkon sa, masu dawo da masu tattarawa suna komawa zuwa CJ-2As har zuwa kusan serial no. 34,530 a matsayin "Farkon farar hula" kuma daga tsakiyar 1946 zuwa kusan tsakiyar 1947 a matsayin "Farkon farar hula". An yi ƙananan canje-canje ne kawai bayan ƙirar tsakiyar 1947. 

 CJ-3A 

An ƙaddamar da Willys-Overland CJ-3A a cikin 1949, kuma yana kan samarwa har zuwa 1953, lokacin da CJ-3B ya maye gurbinsa. Willys'  ne ya ƙarfafa shi L-134 Go-Iblis engine hudu-Silinda, tare da T-90 watsa da Dana 18 canja wurin akwati, Dana 25 gaban axle da Dana 41 ko 44 raya axle. Ya ƙunshi gilashin iska guda ɗaya tare da huɗa, da goge goge a ƙasa. CJ-3A ta dakatad da dakatarwar (leaf 10) don ɗaukar kayan aikin noma iri-iri da aka gina don abin hawa.  Wani bambanci kuma shine guntuwar rijiyar baya ( wheelwell daga saman gaban gaba zuwa bayan jikin shine  akan 3A idan aka kwatanta da  akan 2A) da kuma matsar da kujerar direba a baya.  Kamar yadda na 1951, an ba da Farm Jeep da Jeep Tractor version; na karshen ya kasance babu-kashi-kashi, don amfanin filin kawai, kuma yana dauke da tashin wuta . 

Gabaɗaya, an samar da 131,843 CJ-3As kafin jerin ya ƙare a 1953. Kimanin 550 na CJ3-As ne Mitsubishi ya tara a matsayin J1/J2 a ƙarshen 1952 da farkon 1953, na musamman ga hukumar 'yan sanda da gandun daji ta Japan. 

Jirgin sojan da aka samo daga CJ-3A shine Willys MC (ko M38), kuma ya fara haɗa motocin Ford da Willys na Yaƙin Duniya na II wanda ya fara a 1949.

 CJ-4 
Willys-Overland CJ-4 ko "X-151" an gina shi ne kawai azaman ra'ayi na gwaji a cikin 1950 ko 1951.  Ya yi amfani da sabon injin Hurricane na Willys kuma yana da  wheelbase . Bakin jikin CJ-4 ya kasance tsaka-tsaki zane tsakanin madaidaicin murfi daga CJ-3B da duk sabon salon jikin mai lankwasa na CJ-5. An ƙi ƙirar ƙirar kuma daga ƙarshe an sayar da motar ga wani ma'aikacin masana'anta. 

Shaidu sun bayyana, an yi la'akari da samfuran da aka samu da ake kira CJ-4M da CJ-4MA (XM170), a matsayin mafarin 1951 M38A1 da M170 na Jeeps na soja. Kodayake samfurin CJ-4M bazai kasance da gaske an gina shi ba,  samfurin motar motar asibiti mai shimfiɗa tare da rajista "CJ-4MA-01" ya kasance a cikin 2005. 
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