Esturine acidification

Esturine acidification yana faruwa lokacin da ma'aunin pH na ruwa acikin yanayin yanayin tekun teku, musamman na estuaries, ya ragu. Ruwa, gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar tsaka tsaki akan ma'aunin pH, dai-dai gwargwado dai-dai tsakanin alkalinity da acidity. Yayin da acidification na teku ke faruwa saboda cigaba da raguwa acikin pH na duniya ta teku, wanda ya haifar da shayarwar carbon dioxide (CO2) daga sararin samaniya,  canjin pH acikin estuaries ya fi rikitarwa fiye da acikin buɗaɗɗen teku saboda kai tsaye. tasiri daga guguwar ƙasa, tasirin ɗan adam, da yanayin halin yanzu na bakin teku. Acikin teku, motsi da motsi na iska yana ba da damar carbon dioxide (CO2) don haɗuwa da ruwa (H2O) samar da carbonic acid (H2 CO3). Ta hanyar motsin igiyar ruwa wannan haɗin sinadari yana gauraye, yana ba da damar cigaba da raguwa na haɗin gwiwa, a ƙarshe ya zama carbonate (CO3)wanda shine asali kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da harsashi ga halittun teku, da kwayoyin hydron guda biyu. Wannan yana haifar da yuwuwar barazanar acidic tun lokacin da hydron ions ke haɗe kai tsaye tare da kowane Tsarin Lewis don samar da haɗin acidic.Ana kiran wannan a matsayin amsawar rage oxidation.

Asalin lissafin sinadarai kamar haka:

 CO 2 + H 2 O ⇌ H 2 CO
 3⇌ HCO 3 + H + ⇌ CO 3 + 2 H +

Lokacin da aka canza wannan tsari na sha a cikin wani yanki, duk da haka, acidity yana ƙaruwa kawai saboda girman dangi. Ruwan teku yana ƙidaya don ɗaukar kashi 30-40 na duk CO 2 da ke fitarwa zuwa sararin samaniya amma duk da haka, saboda girman girmansa, ya kasance mai juriya.  Estuaries - kasancewa ƙanƙanta ta ƙara, kariya daga motsin igiyar ruwa, da waɗanda abin ya shafa ga tasirin ɗan adam lokacin da yake cikin birni - ba sa tallafawa gaurayawan ruwa da sauri, don haka yana hana rushewar asali.  Lokacin da aka haɗa wannan tare da CO 2 daga tasirin ɗan adam kamar hayaƙin mota ko takin mai magani, iskar shaka yana faruwa da sauri saboda yawan ion hydron da ƙarin cation, ƙara yawan abin da ya faru da tsawon lokacin acidification.  Yayin da acidity na matakan ruwa na estuarine ke ci gaba da jujjuyawa, nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ke amfani da estuaries azaman wuraren gandun daji sun ga raguwar matakan haifuwa. 

 Dalilan m pH 

 Ruwan ruwa mai gudana 
An ayyana mashigin ruwa a matsayin "mashigin ruwa inda igiyar ruwa ta hadu da ruwan kogi". Matsakaicin pH na estuaries yana da matukar muni saboda kwararar ruwa daga koguna da ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma yawan aiki na farko (wanda ya tsananta ta hanyar lodin kayan abinci) da haɓakar bakin teku. Ruwa mai tsabta daga koguna yawanci yana da ƙarancin pH fiye da ruwan teku (~ 7 idan aka kwatanta da ~ 8). Canje-canje na yanayi da na shekara-shekara a cikin kwararar kogin shiga wani yanki na iya canza pH ta raka'a gabaɗaya. 

 Photosynthesis da numfashi 
Samar da farko (girman shuka) yana canza pH a kullum, yanayi, da kuma shekara-shekara. Alokacin photosynthesis, an cire carbon dioxide daga ruwa, ƙara pH. Kwayoyin halitta suna sakin carbon dioxide yayin numfashi. Wannan yana haifar da sake zagayowar yau da kullun na karuwar pH a lokacin hasken rana da raguwar pH a cikin dare, lokacin da numfashi ya mamaye. Hakazalika, pH yafi girma a lokacin hunturu lokacin da kiwo ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da yawan aiki.

 Mai sheki 
Yawancin wuraren cin abinci suna fuskantar lodin kayan abinci daga magudanar ruwa mai ɗauke da datti ko taki, na halitta ko na wucin gadi. Ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki na iya haɓɓaka aikin farko da kuma canza ma'auni tsakanin yawan aiki na farko da numfashi. Wannan tsari na iya canza pH ta raka'a gaba ɗaya a cikin ɗakin. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna da wahala a auna canjin gaba ɗaya acikin pH mai alaƙa da haɓɓakar matakan carbon dioxide na yanayi.Wannan yana haifar da canji a pH ta dukkan raka'a acikin estuary. Wannan yasa yayi wuya a auna yawan canjin pH, da kuma ƙara yawan matakan carbon dioxide na yanayi.

 Currents 
Yankunan da ke da haɓɓakar bakin teku irinsu yammacin gabar tekun Arewacin Amurka sun sami ƙaruwa acikin acidification saboda ƙarin zurfin ruwa mai ƙazanta zuwa cikin gaɓar. Wannan na iya yin illa ga rayuwa na ƙididdiga kwayoyin halitta saboda kwayoyin halitta sun fi wahala lokacin ƙirƙira da kiyaye harsashi na calcium carbonate.Feely, R. A.; Sabine, C. L.; Lee, K; Berelson, W; Kleypas, J; Fabry, V. J.; Millero, F. J. (2004). "Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans". Science. 305 (5682): 362–6. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..362F. doi:10.1126/science.1097329. PMID 15256664. S2CID 31054160.

 Tasiri kan rayuwar ruwa 
Yayin da pH na tsarin ruwa ya ragu, yana haifar da calcium carbonate (CaCO3) don rabu da Feely, R. A.; Sabine, C. L.; Lee, K; Berelson, W; Kleypas, J; Fabry, V. J.; Millero, F. J. (2004). "Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans". Science. 305 (5682): 362–6. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..362F. doi:10.1126/science.1097329. PMID 15256664. S2CID 31054160. don cigaba acikin ma'auni na sinadarai. Calcium carbonate yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige kwayoyin halitta irinsu shellfish, murjani, da coccolithophores (nau'in phytoplankton). Acidification kuma yana cutar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta acikin muhalli. Waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ko dai suna ba wa ɗan adam tushen abinci kai tsaye ko kuma suna tallafawa tsarin muhalli mai mahimmanci ga ɗan adam.

 Bincike 
Ana nazarin acidification na Esturine don fahimtar ilimin halitta, sinadarai, da abubuwan jiki waɗanda ke shafar pH acikin estuaries.

 Manazarta