Sensor

Na'urar firikwensin na'ura ce da ke samar da alamu fitarwa don manufar sanin wani abu na zahiri.

A cin mafi faɗin ma'anar, firikwensin shine na'ura, module, inji, ko tsarin ƙasa wanda ke gano abubuwan da suka faru ko canje-canje a cikin muhallinsa kuma yana aika bayanan zuwa wasu na'urorin lantarki, akai-akai na sarrafa kwamfuta.

Ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin abubuwan yau da kullun kamar maɓallan lif masu taɓawa ( tactile sensor ) da fitilu waɗanda suke dushewa ko haskakawa ta hanyar taɓa tushe, kuma a aikace-aikace marasa adadi waɗanda yawancin mutane ba su taɓa sani ba. Tare da ci gaba a cikin micromachinery da dandamali mai sauƙin amfani da microcontroller, amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun haɓaka fiye da filayen gargajiya na zafin jiki, matsa lamba da ma'aunin kwarara,  misali a cikin na'urori masu auna sigina MARG .

Ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin kamar potentiometers da masu iya ji da ƙarfi har yanzu. Aikace-aikacen su sun haɗa da masana'anta da injina, jiragen sama da sararin samaniya, motoci, magunguna, robotics da sauran fannonin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Akwai faffadan sauran na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke auna sinadarai da kaddarorin jiki na kayan, gami da firikwensin gani don auna ma'aunin refractive, firikwensin jijjiga don ma'aunin dankowar ruwa, da na'urori masu auna sinadarai na lantarki don lura da pH na ruwaye.

Hankalin firikwensin yana nuna yawan canjin kayan aikin sa lokacin da adadin shigarwar da yake auna ya canza. Misali, idan mercury a cikin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya motsa 1 cm lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza da 1 °C, hankalinsa shine 1 cm/°C (shine madaidaicin gangaren dy/dx yana ɗaukan siffa ta layi). Wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin kuma na iya shafar abin da suke aunawa; misali, ma'aunin zafin jiki na ɗaki da aka saka a cikin kofi mai zafi na ruwa yana sanyaya ruwan yayin da ruwan ke dumama ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Ana tsara na'urori masu auna firikwensin don yin ɗan ƙaramin tasiri akan abin da aka auna; yin firikwensin ƙarami sau da yawa yana inganta wannan kuma yana iya gabatar da wasu fa'idodi. 

Ci gaban fasaha yana ba da damar ƙarin na'urori masu auna firikwensin da za a kera su akan sikelin ƙwanƙwasa a matsayin microsensors ta amfani da fasahar MEMS . A mafi yawan lokuta, microsensor yana kaiwa lokacin aunawa da sauri sosai kuma mafi girman hankali idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin macroscopic .   Saboda karuwar buƙatun bayanai masu sauri, masu araha da aminci a duniyar yau, na'urori masu rahusa-mai rahusa da sauƙin amfani don sa ido na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko ma'aunin harbi guda- sun sami girma a kwanan nan. Yin amfani da wannan nau'in na'urori masu auna firikwensin, kowa zai iya samun mahimman bayanan nazari, a ko'ina kuma a kowane lokaci, ba tare da buƙatar sake daidaitawa da damuwa game da gurɓatawa ba. 

 Rarraba kurakuran ma'auni 
Kyakkyawan firikwensin yana yin biyayya da ƙa'idodi masu zuwa: 

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