Guam

Guam (Chamorro: Guåhan) Tsibiri ne a cikin Micronesia a cikin Tekun Pasifik kuma yanki ne na Amurka. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani yanki ne na Amurka kuma ƴan ƙasar Guam ƴan ƙasar Amurka ne.  Guam ba ƙasa ce mai cin gashin kanta ba, amma kamar duk yankuna na Amurka da ke da yawan jama'a, tana jin daɗin ƴancin kai fiye da jihohin Amurka.  Mutanen Chamorro su ne mutanen ƙasar Guam.  Babban birnin Guam shine birnin Hagåtña kuma birni mafi girma shine Dededo.  Guam yana da mahimman sansanonin Sojojin Sama da na ruwa na Amurka, waɗanda suka mamaye wani babban yanki na yankin ƙasar Guam. Guam kuma sanannen wurin yawon bude ido ne.

Guam yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu na Amurka inda ake amfani da tsarin awo bisa hukuma kuma yana da rinjaye.  (Daya kuma ita ce Puerto Rico, wadda ita ma yankin Spain ne. An gabatar da tsarin awo ga yankuna biyu, kafin su zama yankunan Amurka.)

 Tarihi 
Guam yana ɗaya daga cikin tsibiran farko a Tekun Pasifik da Turawa suka ziyarta.  A cikin shekara ta 1521, yayin da yake jagorantar balaguron Sipaniya, Ferdinand Magellan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin Turawa na farko da suka taka ƙafar Guam.  Daga nan, Guam ya zama wani muhimmin sashe na hanyar kasuwanci da jiragen ruwan Sipaniya mai suna Manila Galleon ke bi, wanda ke tafiya tsakanin Mexico da Philippines kowace shekara.  Kuma a cikin shekara ta 1668, Spain ta karɓi Guam a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yankunanta.  A wannan lokacin, ƴan ƙasar sun haɗa al'adun Mutanen Espanya da yawa.

A cikin shekara ta 1898, Yaƙin Mutanen Espanya-Amurka, Spain ta rasa yawancin yankunanta zuwa Amurka ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Paris, gami da Guam, Cuba, Philippines, da Puerto Rico.  Guam ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai mahimmanci saboda dabarun wurin jigilar kayayyaki, kuma daga baya don balaguron iska a cikin Pacific.  A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Japan ta mamaye Guam a cikin shekara ta 1941 na tsawon watanni 31, amma ba da jimawa ba ta rasa yankin ga Amurka.  Mutanen Chamorro sun bazu a cikin Guam da Arewacin Mariana Islands - wanda kuma yanki ne na Amurka.  Duk da haka, mutanen Chamorro daga tsibirin Mariana ta Arewa ba su shiga cikin yankin da kyau ba saboda sun kasance a karkashin mamayar Japan kusan shekaru 30.

A cikin shekara ta 1950, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da wata doka don haɗa mutanen Guam a matsayin ƴan ƙasar Amurka. 

A cikin watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Koriya ta Arewa ta yi gargadin cewa za ta iya harba makamai masu linzami masu cin dogon zango a cikin ruwa tsakanin mil 18 zuwa 24 (kilomita 29 zuwa 38) daga Guam, biyo bayan musayar barazana[1][2] tsakanin gwamnatocin Koriya ta Arewa da  Amurka.

 Kuɗi 
Kudin Guam shine dalar Amurka.  Guam yana samun mafi yawan kuɗin sa daga gwamnatin Amurka.  Yawancin wadannan kudaden ana kashe su ne a sansanonin sojoji, amma akwai kuma tallafin da gwamnatin tarayya ke baiwa gwamnatin Guam don shirye-shirye daban-daban.  Saboda yanki ne kawai, harajin shiga na tarayya da mazauna Guam ke biya ana ba gwamnatin Guam don ayyukanta.

Guam wuri ne da ake nema bayan tafiya.  Kusan duk waɗannan baƙi sun fito ne daga Japan.  Masu yawon bude ido na Japan suna son Guam saboda yana kusa da Japan fiye da sauran wuraren Amurka.  Guam yana da otal-otal da yawa da sauran wuraren jin daɗi don mutane su ziyarta.  Tumon Bay shine babban bakin teku na Guam.  Tana da kyawawan yashi da yawa, kuma ruwan yana da kifaye da yawa.  Tumon yana zama birni mai yawan aiki.

Yawan masu ziyara zuwa Guam ya ragu sosai saboda koma bayan tattalin arziki a yawancin sassan Asiya, wanda kuma shine sanadin rasa ayyukan yi a Guam.

 Ƙasa da ruwa 
Guam yana da fadin murabba'in mil 212 (kilomita 549) babba.  A bangaren arewa, yana da fili mai fili na murjani da dutsen farar ƙasa.  Yankin kudu yana da duwatsu.  A kewayen tsibirin akwai murjani reef.

Guam yana kusa da mashigin Marianas, wanda shine mafi zurfin ɓangaren duniya da kuma ƙarƙashin ruwa.  Wani lokaci yana samun girgizar ƙasa, wasu daga cikinsu suna da ƙarfi sosai.

Guam tsibiri ne mai zafi.  Yawancin lokaci yana da dumi da rigar kuma zafin jiki baya canzawa sosai.  Daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuli ya bushe, amma sauran shekara ana damina.  Wani lokaci Guam yana da guguwa mai ƙarfi da haɗari a cikin Oktoba da Nuwamba.

 Manazarta 

 Sauran shafukan yanar gizo 

Guampedia, Guam's Online Encyclopedia
The Insular Empire: America in the Mariana Islands, PBS documentary film & website
Official Portal for the Island of Guam 
U.S. Census Bureau: Island Areas Census 2000
Portals to the World: Guam from the U.S. Library of Congress
KUAM TV/AM/FM 
War in the Pacific – Liberation of Guam
Maps – Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
Military: Naval Air Station, Agana (Tiyan) (closed). GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
 Goetzfridt, Nicholas J. (2011) Guahan: A Bibliographic History. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press 
NOAA's National Weather Service - Guam
Guam -Citizendium

Category:Amurka
Category:Tsibiri
Category:Ƙasashen Amurka
Category:Ƙasashe