Fihirisar Rashin Daidaiton Jinsi

Ma'anar rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi ( GII ) shine ma'auni don auna bambancin jinsi wanda aka gabatar a cikin Rahoton Cigaban Bil'adama na shekarar 2010 na 20th bugu na Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP). A cewar UNDP, wannan ma'auni wani tsari ne na kididdige asarar nasarorin da aka samu a cikin ƙasa sakamakon rashin daidaiton jinsi . Yana amfani da girma uku don auna farashin damar: lafiyar haihuwa, ƙarfafawa, da shiga kasuwar aiki . An gabatar da sabon fihirisar a matsayin ma'aunin gwaji don magance gazawar abubuwan da suka gabata, Ma'aunin Ci gaban Jinsi (GDI) da Ma'aunin Ƙarfafa Ƙwararru (GEM), dukansu an gabatar da su a cikin Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na 1995.

 Asalin 
Yayin da fahimtar duniya game da mahimmancin kawar da rashin daidaiton jinsi ke ƙaruwa, an gabatar da Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Jinsi (GDI) da Ƙarfafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (GEM) a cikin Rahoton Ci Gaban Dan Adam na 1995. GDI da GEM sun zama fihirisa na farko don auna rashin daidaiton jinsi na duniya don Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. GDI da GEM sun fuskanci zargi da yawa saboda iyakokin hanyoyinsu da iyakoki. Bardhan, K., and Klasen, S.(1999).UNDP's Gender-Related Indices: A Critical Review, World Development, 27:6, pp.985-1010 

Beneria da Permanyer sun bayyana cewa GDI da GEM ba ma'auni ba ne na rashin daidaiton jinsi a ciki da na kansu. GDI wani ma'auni ne mai haɗaka wanda ke auna ci gaba a cikin ƙasa sannan kuma ya gyara rashin dai-daituwar jinsi; da GEM matakan damar da mata ke da su don samun hanyoyin samun iko a cikin tattalin arziki, siyasa, da yanke shawara. Dukansu biyun Beneria da Permanyer da'awar ba daidai ba ne a cikin ɗaukar rashin daidaiton jinsi. Beneria, L., Permanyer, I.,(2010).The Measurement of Socio-economic Gender Inequality Revisited, Development and Change, 41:3, pp.375-399 A cewar hukumar ta UNDP, an soki GDI saboda rashin iya auna daidaiton daidaiton jinsi saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da su na da alaka da ma'aunin ci gaban bil'adama (HDI), wani ma'aunin ci gaban dan Adam da UNDP ke amfani da shi. United Nations Development Programme,(2011).Gender Inequality Index FAQ

Don haka, bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin HDI da GDI sun kasance ƙananan suna haifar da ma'anar cewa bambancin jinsi ba shi da mahimmanci ga ci gaban ɗan adam. UNDP ta kuma yi iƙirarin cewa duka GDI da GEM ana sukar su ne saboda matakan samun kuɗin shiga sun kasance sun mamaye sashin samun kudin shiga, wanda ya haifar da ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi ba su iya samun maki mai yawa, ko da a lokuta da matakan rashin daidaiton jinsi na iya kasancewa. ya kasa. Alamomin GEM sun tabbatar sun fi dacewa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba fiye da ƙasashe masu ƙasa da ci gaba . Tare da karuwar nuna damuwa game da daidaito tsakanin jinsi na duniya, mahalarta taron tattalin arzikin duniya a shekara ta 2007, da sauransu, sun fahimci cewa ci gaban mata wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ya shafi ci gaban kasashe. Ferrant, G., (2010). The Gender Inequalities Index (GII) as a New Way to Measure Gender Inequalities in Developing Countries, SciencesNew York, pp.106-112

Tun daga shekara ta 2006, Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Duniya tana amfani da Ƙididdigar Gender Gap Index (GGI) a cikin Rahoton Gap na Duniya na Gender, wanda ya sanya kasashe bisa ga gibin jinsinsu, a wani yunƙuri na ganin an fi dacewa da bambancin jinsi. Hausmann, R., Tyson, L.D., Zahidi, S., (2006). "The Global Gender Gap Report 2006", World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland Beneria da Permanyer sun soki GGI saboda kawai ɗaukar rashin daidaito a wasu al'amuran rayuwar mata don haka sun mai da shi ma'aunin rashin daidaiton jinsi. Beneria, L., Permanyer, I.,(2010).The Measurement of Socio-economic Gender Inequality Revisited, Development and Change, 41:3, pp.375-399

Idan aka yi la’akari da yawan sukar da GDI da GEM ke fuskanta, UNDP na ganin cewa waɗannan alkalumman ba su cika bambance-bambancen da mata ke fuskanta ba. A yunƙurin sake fasalin GDI da GEM, UNDP ta gabatar da ma'aunin rashin daidaiton jinsi (GII) a cikin Rahoton Ci gaban Bil Adama na 2010. United Nations Development Programme,(2011).Gender Inequality Index FAQ Sabuwar fihirisa wani ma'auni ne mai haɗe-haɗe wanda, a cewar UNDP, yana ɗaukar asarar nasarorin da aka samu sakamakon rashin daidaiton jinsi ta amfani da matakai uku: lafiyar haihuwa, ƙarfafawa, da shiga kasuwannin aiki. GII bai haɗa da matakan samun kudin shiga a matsayin sashi ba, wanda shine ɗayan mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da cece-kuce na GDI da GEM. Har ila yau, baya ba da damar samun manyan nasarori a cikin wani girma don rama ƙarancin nasara a wani. 

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