Miriam Chaszczewacki

Miriam Chaszczewacki ko Miriam Chaszczewacka (1924-1942) wata yarinya Bayahudiya ce da ta mutu tana da shekara sha takwas, wacce aka yi wa kisan kiyashi, wacce a shekarar dubu ɗaya da dari tara da talatin da tara ta fara rubuta littafin diary game da rayuwarta a Radomsko ghetto, diary wanda ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba. kafin ta mutu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu.

 Ganowa da buga mujallar 
Malamar Miriam, Stefania Heilbrunn, ta koma Radomsko, Poland, bayan yakin duniya na biyu . Yayin da ta ziyarci makabartar birnin, ta hadu da wata mata 'yar kasar Poland wacce ta mika mata ambulan da aka rufe tana cewa : « Ɗana ya ce in ba ka. Je ne sais rien.  da ganye. A cikin ambulan, Stefania Heilbrunn ta sami littafin rubutu tare da rubutun hannu da ta gane a matsayin na tsohuwar ɗalibarta, Miriam Chaszczewacki. Stefania Heilbrunn ya ɗauki littafin rubutu zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya buga abubuwan da ke ciki  .

Asali, an rubuta jaridar a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland . An buga sassan jaridar a cikin Ibrananci, Yiddish, Yaren mutanen Poland, Turanci da Jamusanci. An ba Yad Vashem ainihin littafin rubutu.

 Tarihin Rayuwar ta 
Mahaifiyar Maryamu, Sarah Lavit Zelber, an haife ta a cikin dangin Hasidic, malami ne na kindergarten kuma mai jama'a. An haifi mahaifin Maryamu, David תמונתו ופרק לזכרו בספר יזכור ליהדות רדומסקו page 460 a Ukraine . Ya buɗe makarantar Yahudawa a Radomsko inda yake koyar da Ibrananci. Wannan makarantar tana aiki a cikin ghetto. An haifi ɗan'uwan Maryamu, Nahum, a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da tara Children of Dust and Heaven, page 98 . Miriam daliba ce ta sakandare kuma memba ce a kungiyar matasan sahyoniyawan lokacin da yakin ya barke. An kwatanta ta a matsayin yarinya mai daɗi, mai hankali, haziƙi, kuma haziƙi wadda ke karatun Ibrananci a makarantar mahaifinta נערה בגיטו, page 4. A wani labarin kuma, an kwatanta ta a matsayin matashiya mai kunya, soyayya da  .

An kashe mahaifin Miriam da ɗan'uwanta a cikin ghetto da Jamusawa suka yi. An kashe mahaifin, David, saboda ya ki shiga jirgin  . An binne ɗan’uwan, Nahum a wani kabari da ke cikin makabartar  .

 Haɗin jarida 
Littafin ya fara da wani babi na gabatarwa wanda ke bayyana abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin lokacin rani na shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da tara da mamayar Radomsko da Jamusawa suka yi a watan Satumba 1939. Sashi na biyu na diary ya ƙunshi sassa 27, wanda aka kwanan watan Afrilu 21, 1941, yana kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru na yakin da kuma rayuwar ghetto tare da asusun na al'ada na motsin zuciyar matashi.

 Mutuwar ta 
Shigar da littafin diary na ƙarshe tare da rubutun hannun Miriam shine ranar bakwai ga Oktoba, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu, lokacin da Maryamu take ’yar shekara 18. Tsakanin Oktoba 9 zuwa 12, 1942, an aika kusan mazauna Getto 14,000 zuwa cibiyar kawar da Treblinka .

A shafi na ƙarshe na littafin ya bayyana shigarwa a cikin wani rubutu na daban, babba, mai yiwuwa na ɗan sandan Poland, ɗan matar da ta ba Stefania Heilbrunn littafin rubutu. :A cikin ɗaya daga cikin shigarwar diary na ƙarshe, kusan wata ɗaya kafin mutuwarta, Miriam ta rubuta:

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