Kasuwa gama gari na Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka

Kasuwar gama-gari na Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka ( COMESA ) wata al'umma ce ta tattalin arziƙi a Afirka da ke da ƙasashe ashirin da ɗaya daga Tunisiya zuwa Eswatini. An kafa COMESA a cikin Disamba 1994, wanda ya maye gurbin Yankin Ciniki na Farko wanda ya wanzu tun 1981. Kasashe tara daga cikin mambobin sun kafa yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci a shekara ta 2000 ( Djibouti, Masar, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Sudan, Zambia da Zimbabwe ), tare da Rwanda da Burundi sun shiga FTA a 2004, Comoros da Libya a 2006, Seychelles a 2009 da Tunisia da Somalia a 2018.

COMESA na daya daga cikin ginshikan Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Afrika.

A shekara ta 2008, COMESA ta amince da faɗaɗa yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci da suka hada da mambobin wasu ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na Afirka guda biyu, kungiyar ƙasashen gabashin Afirka (EAC) da Ƙungiyar raya ƙasashen kudancin Afirka (SADC). COMESA kuma tana la'akari da tsarin biza gama gari don haɓaka yawon buɗe ido.

 Memba 

 Membobin yanzu 
Ƙasa An shiga  Ƙasashen kahon AfirkaDjibouti 21 ga Disamba, 1981 Eritrea 1994 Habasha 21 ga Disamba, 1981 Somaliya 21 ga Disamba 1981 (PTA) / 19 Yuli 2018 (COMESA)  Kasashen Arewacin Afirka Masar 6 Janairu 1999 Libya 3 ga Yuni 2005 10th COMESA summit, as Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya Sudan 21 ga Disamba, 1981 Tunisiya 18 ga Yuli 2018  Tekun Indiya Comoros 21 ga Disamba, 1981 Madagascar " Mauritius " Seychelles 2001 Manyan Tafkunan Afirka Burundi 21 ga Disamba, 1981 Kenya " Malawi " Rwanda " Uganda " Kudancin Afirka Eswatini 21 ga Disamba 1981 As Swaziland Zambiya " Zimbabwe " Afirka ta Tsakiya Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo 21 ga Disamba 1981 As Zaire

 Tsoffin membobin 
Ƙasa Hagu 1997 Mozambique 1997 Tanzaniya 2 ga Satumba 2000 Namibiya 2 Mayu 2004 Angola 2007 Self-suspension:

 Gabobi 
Bisa ga yarjejeniyoyin, gabobin masu zuwa suna da ikon yanke shawara:

 Hukumar ta COMESA, ta ƙunshi shugabannin ƙasashe ko gwamnatoci kuma ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ta COMESA. Hukumar tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban da aka zaba na tsawon lokaci da aka amince; Shugaban na yanzu daga Nuwamba 2021 shine Shugaban Masar Fattah El Sisi. Hukuma tana da alhakin jagorancin manufofin gabaɗaya da kuma kula da ɗaukacin ayyukan gudanarwa na COMESA. Hukumar ta COMESA na yin taro sau ɗaya a shekara a taron koli da ake gudanarwa a ƙasashe mambobi daban-daban. Gwamnati mai masaukin baki da Sakatariyar COMESA suna da alhakin haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyar su. Yayin da kasar mai masaukin baki ke karbar shugabancin hukumar na wannan shekara, ana iya gudanar da wani babban taro bisa bukatar kowane memba na hukumar; muddin kashi daya bisa uku na mambobin Hukumar sun goyi bayan irin wannan bukata. Ana gudanar da tarukan Hukuma ne a rufaffiyar zama kuma yawanci ana yanke shawara ta hanyar yarjejeniya. Dole ne shugabannin zaman su fitar da sanarwa, tare da rubuta duk wani hukunci da aka yanke. Waɗannan umarni da hukunce-hukuncen da Hukuma suka dauka suna da alaka da dukkan kasashe mambobin ƙungiyar da sauran sassan da aka yi musu jawabi.
 Majalisar Ministoci ta COMESA
 Hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Kolin COMESA na da fifiko kan duk wani hukuncin kotunan ƙasa. Kotunan shari'a na iya karɓar kararraki ba kawai daga ƙasashe memba ba, har ma daga ƴan ƙasa da na shari'a, a kan majalisa don tantance haƙƙin kowane mataki game da umarni, ƙa'ida ko shawarar da aka yanke. Ana kuma ba wa mutane izinin a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar su kai ƙarar wata ƙasa a Kotun COMESA; halalcin da ke ƙarƙashin yerjejeniyar kowace doka, ƙa'idar umarni, ko shawarar irin wannan ƙasa memba.

A yayin da wata kotu ta ƙasa ke nazarin aikace-aikace ko fassarar yarjejeniyar, tana iya neman ra'ayin kotuna game da lamarin. Idan kotun ƙasa kotu ce da ba a daukaka kara ko gyara daga gare ta, to ana bukatar kotu ta mika tambayar ga kotun COMESA. Magani na ƙasa dole ne ya kare kafin mutum ya kawo wani batu a COMESA CJ. Kotun ta COMESA na da hurumin kararrakin da ma’aikatan COMESA da wasu kamfanoni suka kawo kan COMESA ko cibiyoyinta. Haka kuma za ta iya aiki a matsayin kotun sauraron korafe-korafen duk wani lamari da ya taso daga kwangilar da COMESA ko wata cibiya ta ke. Haka kuma Kotun na iya yanke hukunci kan duk wata takaddama tsakanin ƙasashe mambobin da suka amince su gabatar da takaddamar a gabanta. Ba kamar Dokar Kotun Duniya ba, yarjejeniyar ba ta bayyana tushen dokokin da Kotun za ta yi amfani da su ba. Yarjejeniyar da duk wata doka ta COMESA da aka bayar, za su sanya dokar farko da za a yi amfani da su, amma dokar birni da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma za a iya tantance su ta hanyar Kotun.￼

Yayin da hukumcin kotun ta COMESA ya ba da hanyoyi da yawa don ƙirƙirar daidaitattun fassarar yarjejeniyar, babu wani takamaiman tanadin hanyar da za a sasanta rigingimu tsakanin cibiyoyin Kasuwa. Ba a bai wa Kotun ikon fassara dokokin sauran cibiyoyin COMESA ba. A ƙarshe, Yarjejeniyar ba ta fayyace cewa Kotu za ta sami hurumin shari'a kan lamuran 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin yanayin al'umma ba.

Saboda hukunce-hukuncen kotun, taron na takwas na ministocin shari’a da manyan lauyoyi ya ba da shawarar ga majalisar ministoci da hukumar da a gyara yarjejeniyar ta yadda za a samar da bangarori biyu a kotun, wato kotun matakin farko da na ɗaukaka ƙara. Rarraba. An amince da shawarar kuma an fadada Kotun a watan Yunin 2005 tare da nada alkalai bakwai a kotun matakin farko da Alƙalai biyar a sashin daukaka kara. Daga nan aka dakatar da aikin kotun har sai an nada alkalan sashin ɗaukaka ƙara sannan aka zayyana dokokin kotun da ke sashin ɗaukaka ƙara aka kuma amince da su. A lokacin wannan gyara na Kotun, Kotun da ta kasance mai cikakken 'yancin kanta ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon sake duba duk wani Dokar Kotun da Ministocin Shari'a da Atoni-Janar suka gabatar. An kafa kotun a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar 1994, ba a nada rukunin farko na alkalai ba sai 1998.

Ba kamar sauran kotunan yankin Afirka ba, Kotun ta COMESA na ci gaba da karɓar kararraki. Sai dai saboda rashin kudi kotun ba ta iya sauraron dukkan shari'o'inta a wasu lokuta. Ana ba da Kuɗaɗe ne kawai na zama ɗaya na Kotun a kowace shekara, waɗannan sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga tarin shari'o'i. Tabbas koma bayan shari'o'in zai karu tare da ci gaban da ake samu a takaddamar kasuwanci a yankin.

 Kwamitin Gwamnonin Babban Bankuna

Ƙananan gabobin manufofin suna ba da shawarwari ga abubuwan da ke sama:

 Kwamitin tsakanin gwamnatoci
 Kwamitocin fasaha goma sha biyu
 Kwamitin Tuntuɓar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci da sauran Ƙungiyoyin Masu Sha'awa
 Sakatariyar COMESA

Sauran cibiyoyin COMESA da aka kirkira don inganta ci gaba sune:

 Bankin PTA (Bakin Ciniki da Gabas da Kudancin Afirka) a Bujumbura, Burundi
 Gidan share fage na COMESA a Harare, Zimbabwe
 Ƙungiyar COMESA ta Bankunan Kasuwanci a Harare, Zimbabwe
 Cibiyar fata ta COMESA a Addis Ababa, Habasha
 Kamfanin Sake Assurance na COMESA (ZEP-RE) a Nairobi, Kenya
 Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Yanki a Alkahira, Masar
 Aikin COMTEL, da nufin samar da kayayyakin sadarwa na yanki

 Kwatanta da sauran ƙungiyoyin yanki 

 Manazarta 

 Nassoshi 

Category:Afrika