Alice Coomaraswamy

Q Ratan Devi Coomaraswamy(an haife shi Alice Ethel Richardson;1889-Yuli 15,1958)yayi aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan mataki na Ratan Devī.Take nadi kidan Indiya kuma ta kasance mai yin wakokin Hindu da wakoki,ta kuma tafi yawon shakatawa a Biritaniya da Amurka.Martin Clayton ya bayyana Alice a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan matan da aka manta da su game da kiɗa a cikin Daular Biritaniya.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Alice Ethel Richardson a watan Oktoba 1889 a Sheffield,Ingila,ga George Richardson da Sarah Faulkner. 

A cikin 1907 Alice ta ziyarci abokinta Philip Mairet,wanda ke cikin rukuni ɗaya na masu fasaha kamar masanin tarihin fasaha Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy da matarsa,masaƙa da rini Ethel Coomaraswamy.A shekara ta gaba,ta fara dangantaka da Ananda.Ethel ba ta haifi magaji ba,kuma mijinta yana son ɗa.Bai boye al'amarinsa ba,daga karshe kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata ya dauki abokin tarayya na biyu.Ethel ta yi mamakin wannan shawarar kuma ta bar gidan aure.

Alice ta auri Coomaraswamy a 1913 a St Pancras, London.A lokaci guda za su haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Narada Coomaraswamy da Rohini Coomaraswamy.Tare suka tafi Indiya kuma suka zauna a cikin jirgin ruwa na gida a Srinagar a Kashmir.Alice Richardson , Making Britain, Open University, Retrieved 17 October 2015Coomaraswamy ya karanci zanen Rajput yayin da Alice ta karanci wakokin Indiya tare da Abdul Rahim na Kapurthala.Lokacin da suka dawo Ingila,Alice ta yi waƙar Indiya a ƙarƙashin sunan mataki Ratan Devi l.LTa yi nasara kuma ta zagaya Biritaniya inda za ta rera waka bayan jawabin gabatarwa da mijinta ya yi.

A cikin 1913 ta buga Waƙoƙi Talatin daga Punjab da Kashmir,waɗanda aka haɗa tare da mijinta. Littafin ya ba da alamar kida don waƙoƙi talatin kuma ya haɗa da gabatarwar Bengal polymath Rabindranath Tagore,wanda ya yi farin ciki sosai game da waƙar Alice.Baya ga latsawa,ta kuma sami kyakkyawan bita daga mawaki Percy Grainger,marubucin wasan kwaikwayo George Bernard Shaw da mawallafin WB Yeats.

A cikin 1916 Alice ta yi ciki a sakamakon, a cewar mai sihiri da mai sihiri Aleister Crowley, ya shiga cikin al'adun sihiri na jima'i . Crowley ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarin sihiri don ƙirƙirar "ciki mai lafiya"; ciki ya zo ya ƙare a cikin zubar da ciki.  Alice da mijinta sun kasance a Amurka a cikin 1917 inda a karkashin sunan Ratan Devi ta kammala yawon shakatawa.  Yayin da suke wurin, an gayyaci Coomaraswamy don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan'uwan bincike kan fasahar Indiya a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts na Boston a 1917. A cewar Crowley,Alice ta roke shi ya dawo da ita amma ya ce zai yi hakan ne kawai idan ta bar mijinta. Alice ta ƙi yin hakan. Abin da aka sani shi ne Crowley ya rubuta labari ga The International wanda ya hada da wani hali mai suna "Haramzada Swami" inda Haramzada ke nufin "bastard" a Hindustani.

 Ayyuka 

 Wakoki Talatin Daga Punjab da Kashmir, Ratan Devi ne ya rubuta tare da Gabatarwa da Fassara daga Ananda-Kentish Coomarswamy da Gabatarwa ta Rabindranath Tagore(London,Old Bourne Press 1913).

 Nassoshi