Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Sao Tome da Principe

Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka kan Ayyukan Ɗancin Dan Adam na São Tomé da Príncipe ya bayyana cewa gwamnati gabaɗaya tana girmama haƙƙin ɗan  ƴa na' yan ƙasa, duk da matsaloli a wasu yankuna.

São Tomé da Príncipe na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 11, na Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara da aka kiyasta "yanci" a cikin binciken Freedom in the World na 2006, wanda Freedom House ta buga a kowace shekara, ƙungiyar da ke goyon bayan dimokuradiyya wacce ke sa ido kan haƙƙin siyasa, 'yancin farar hula, da' yancin yada labarai a duniya. A kan sikelin daga 1 (mafi yawan kyauta) zuwa 7, (mafi ƙarancin kyauta), São Tomé ya sami 2, don haƙƙin siyasa da 'yancin jama'a.

 'Yancin siyasa. 
Daga samun 'yancin kai a 1975, har zuwa 1990, kasar ta kasance jam'iyya daya da ke da ƙuntataccen haƙƙin siyasa. A cikin 1990, 'yan ƙasa sun amince da kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya kafa dimokuradiyya ta jam'iyyun da yawa.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da zabuka tara na kasa a São Tomé da Príncipe: zabuka hudu na shugaban kasa (a 1991, 1996, 2001, da 2006), da biyar na Majalisar Dokoki (1991, 1994, 1998, 2002, da 2006). Dukkanin wadannan zabuka an gudanar da su ne gabaɗaya kyauta, adalci, da kuma bayyane ta masu sa ido na cikin gida da na duniya.￼

An gudanar da zabe a matakin kananan hukumomi a karo na farko a shekarar 1992. An ba Príncipe ikon cin gashin kansa a shekarar 1994, kuma an zabe shi majalisar yanki da gwamnati a shekarar 1995.

 Ƴancin jama'a. 
Ƴancin taro, ƙungiya, motsi, da addini an tabbatar da su ta hanyar kundin tsarin mulki kuma gwamnati tana girmama su gabaɗaya. Ana girmama 'yancin ilimi.

 Ƴanci na ƴan jarida. 
A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, "Dokar ta ba da ƴancin magana da na ƴan jarida, kuma gwamnati gabaɗaya tana girmama waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Har ila yau, ya lura cewa wasu 'yan jarida suna yin tantance kansu. "

Talabijin da rediyo suna aiki da jihar kuma babu tashoshin masu zaman kansu, saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki da kasuwa. Babu wata doka da ta hana kafa irin waɗannan tashoshin kuma duk jam'iyyun adawa suna da damar yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati, gami da akalla minti uku a kowane wata a talabijin. Jaridu da takardun adawa da ke sukar gwamnati suna yawo kyauta.￼

Kamfanin 'yan jarida na São Tomé an kiyasta su 'yanci' ta kungiyar Freedom House. A cikin Binciken 'Yancin Labarai na 2006, São Tomé ya kasance na 5, daga cikin kasashe 48, na Afirka ta Kudu dangane da' yancin' yan jarida kawai bayan Mali, Mauritius, Ghana, da Afirka ta Kudu.  An adana shi  

Freedom House ya bayyana halin da ake ciki na 'yancin' yan jarida na kasar kamar haka: "Kundin Tsarin Mulki na São Tomé ya tabbatar da' yancin' yan yada labarai kuma gwamnati tana da tarihin misali na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace. Littattafan da ke sukar manufofin hukuma suna yawo kyauta ba tare da an kama 'yan jarida ba, an ɗaure su, an azabtar da su ko kuma an tsananta musu. Koyaya, 'yan jarida suna yin kyakkyawan matakin tantance kansu, kuma galibi suna dogara da fitowar labarai na hukuma don rahotonsu wanda ke hana ci gaban aikin jarida na bincike. Rashin kudaden shiga na talla, fasaha, horar da kafofin watsa labarai da albashi mara kyau suma sun zama manyan nakasa ga 'yan jarida. "

Sauran shahararrun kungiyoyin 'yancin' yan jarida kamar su Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Cibiyar Harkokin Labarai ta Duniya (IPI), da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida (CPJ) ba su haɗa da São Tomé a cikin rahotannin shekara-shekara ba.

 Dokar Shari'a. 

 Tsarin shari'a da shari'a 
Wani bangare na shari'a mai zaman kansa, gami da Kotun Koli tare da mambobin da aka zaba, kuma suna da alhakin, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, an kafa ta hanyar raba gardama ta 1990, kan mulkin jam'iyyun da yawa. Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a kan gwamnati da shugaban kasa, amma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da ita. Tsarin kotun yana da yawa, ba shi da ma'aikata, ba shi na isasshen kuɗi, kuma yana fama da jinkiri mai tsawo a cikin shari'o'in sauraro.

Dokar ta ba da haƙƙin shari'ar jama'a mai kyau, haƙƙin daukaka kara, haƙƙin wakilcin shari'a, kuma, idan matalauta, haƙƙin lauyan da jihar ta nada. Ana zaton wadanda ake tuhuma ba su da laifi, suna da 'yancin fuskantar shaidu, da kuma gabatar da shaidu a madadin kansu. Koyaya, rashin isasshen albarkatun ya haifar da tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci kafin shari'a kuma ya hana bincike sosai a cikin shari'o'in aikata laifuka.

 Halin jami'an tsaro. 
Babu rahotanni cewa gwamnati ko jami'anta sun aikata kisan kai ko kisan kai ba bisa ka'ida ba, azabtarwa, ko ɓacewar siyasa.

 Yanayin kurkuku. 
An bayyana yanayin kurkuku a kasar a matsayin "mai tsanani, amma ba barazana ga rayuwa ba" a cikin rahoton ma'aikatar jihar. An bayar da rahoton cewa wuraren sun cika, kuma abinci bai isa ba. An tsare wasu fursunoni kafin a yi musu shari'a tare da fursunoni da aka yanke musu hukunci.

Gwamnati ta ba da izinin masu sa ido kan haƙƙin ɗan adam su ziyarci kurkuku.

 Hukuncin kisa. 
An soke hukuncin kisa a São Tomé da Príncipe a shekarar 1990. São Tomé da Príncipe sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Biyu ga Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa a ranar 10, ga Janairu, 2017.

 Cin hanci da rashawa. 
Cin hanci da rashawa na hukuma matsala ce mai tsanani. Ba a bincika São Tomé da Príncipe a cikin Ƙididdigar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Transparency International ta 2005.

 Nuna bambanci a cikin al'umma. 
Dokar ta samar da daidaito ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa ba tare da la'akari da jima'i ba, kabilanci, asalin launin fata, halin siyasa, imani, ko tabbacin falsafa, kuma yayin da gwamnati ke aiwatar da waɗannan tanadi, mata sun fuskanci nuna bambanci. Rikicin cikin gida akan mata ya faru, gami da fyade, amma ba a san girman matsalar ba. Kodayake mata suna da 'yancin yin amfani da shari'a - ciki har da ma'aurata da yawa sun ƙi kawo matakin shari'a ko kuma ba su san hakkinsu ba a karkashin doka. Hadisi ya hana mata yin rikice-rikice na cikin gida a waje da iyali.

Dokar ta tanadi cewa mata da maza suna da daidaitattun 'yancin siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa. Duk da yake mata da yawa suna da damar samun dama a ilimi, kasuwanci, da gwamnati, a aikace mata har yanzu suna fuskantar nuna bambanci na al'umma.

Rashin kula da yara bai yadu ba; duk da haka, akwai karancin kariya ga marayu da yara da aka watsar. Aikin yara matsala ce.

Babu rahotanni cewa an fataucin mutane zuwa, daga, ko a cikin kasar.

 Hakkin ma'aikaci. 
Hakkin shirya, yajin aiki, da ciniki gaba ɗaya an tabbatar da su kuma ana girmama su. Ƙungiyoyin kwadago kalilan ne, amma ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun yi amfani da shirin rarraba ƙasa na gwamnati don jawo hankalin ma'aikata. Saboda rawar da take takawa a matsayin babban ma'aikaci a bangaren albashi, gwamnati ta kasance babban mai magana da ma'aikata a kan dukkan batutuwa, gami da albashi. Yanayin aiki a yawancin gonakin koko na jihar suna da tsanani.

 Yanayin tarihi. 
Shafin da ke biyowa yana nuna ƙididdigar São Tomé da Príncipe tun 1975, a cikin rahotanni na Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke buga kowace shekara. Matsayi na 1 shine "kyauta"; 7, "ba kyauta ba".
 ShekaraƳancin SiyasaƳancin Jama'aMatsayiShugaban ƙasar Sao Tome and Principe  197555Sashin KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 197655Sashin KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 197765Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 197866Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 197966Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198066Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198166Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198266Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198377Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198477Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198577Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198677Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198777Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198867Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 198965Sashin da ba kyauta baManuel Pinto da Costa 199055Sashin kyataManuel Pinto da Costa 199123KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199223KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199312KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199412KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199512KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199612KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199712FreeMiguel Trovoada 199812KyautaMiguel Trovoada 199912KyautaMiguel Trovoada 200012KyautaMiguel Trovoada 200112KyautaFradique de Menezes 200212KyautaFradique de Menezes 200322KyautaFradique de Menezes 200422KyautaFradique de Menezes 200522KyautaFradique de Menezes 200622KyautaFradique de Menezes 200722KyautaFradique de Menezes 200822KyautaFradique de Menezes 200922KyautaFradique de Menezes 201022KyautaFradique de Menezes 201122KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 201222KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 201322KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 201422KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 201522KyautaManuel Pinto da Costa 201622KyautaEvaristo Carvalho 201722KyautaEvaristo Carvalho 201822KyautaEvaristo Carvalho 201922KyautaEvaristo Carvalho 202022KyautaEvaristo Carvalho 202122KyautaCarlos Vila Nova 202222KyautaCarlos Vila Nova

 Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya. 
Matsayin São Tomé da Príncipe game da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya kamar haka:
 Yarjejeniya Hukuma An gabatar Rattaba hannu Ratified Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Amurka1948-- International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19662000- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19661995- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19661995- First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19662000- Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity Majalisar Dinkin Duniya1968-- International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid Majalisar Dinkin Duniya1973-1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Majalisar Dinkin Duniya197919952003 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19842000- Convention on the Rights of the Child Majalisar Dinkin Duniya1989-1991 Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19892000-International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19902000- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Majalisar Dinkin Duniya19992000- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2000-- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2000-- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2006-- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2006-- International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2006-- Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2008-- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure Majalisar Dinkin Duniya2011--

 Bayani. 

 1.^ Lura cewa "Shekara" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Sabili da haka, bayanin shekarar da aka yi alama ta 2008, ya fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.
 2. ^ Ya zuwa Independence a ranar 12, ga Yuli 1975, da 1, ga Janairu shekaru bayan haka.
 3. ^ Rahoton 1982, ya rufe shekara ta 1981, da rabi na farko na 1982, kuma rahoton 1984, mai zuwa ya rufe rabi na biyu na 1982, da dukan 1983. Don sauƙaƙewa, an raba waɗannan rahotanni biyu na "shekara da rabi" zuwa rahotanni na tsawon shekaru uku ta hanyar interpolation.

 Manazarta. 

 Haɗin waje 

 2005 Rahoton 'Yancin Dan Adam a kan São Tomé da Príncipe - Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka
 'Yanci na faɗar albarkacin baki a São Tomé da Príncipe - IFEX
 Freedom in the World 2011 Rahoton An adana shi  , ta Freedom House
Category:Hakki
Category:Yancin dan Adam a Afrika
Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Afirka