Habo

Habo, wanda kuma aka sani da epistaxis, misali ne na zubar jini daga hanci .  Jini na iya gangara zuwa cikin ciki, kuma yana haifar da tashin zuciya da amai .  A lokutan da yayi  tsanani, jini na iya fitowa daga cikn hanci biyu. Kucik, Corry J.; Clenney, Timothy (2005-01-15). "Management of epistaxis". American Family Physician. 71 (2): 305–311. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 15686301 Bai cika faruwa ba, amma  zubda jini na iya saka karfin hawan jini ya ragu. Ferri, Fred F. (2013). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2014 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-323-08431-4.Hakanan jini na iya fitowa daga duct na nasolacrimal kuma ya fita daga ido. 

Abubuwan daka iya kawoshi sun hada da  sun haɗa da rauni, ciki har da sanya yatsa a cikin hanci, masu ba da jini, hawan jini, shan barasa, rashin lafiyar yanayi, yanayin bushewa . Tabassom, A; Cho, JJ (January 2020). "Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)". StatPearls. PMID 28613768habo ya kasu gida  biyu: na daya shine na  gaba, wanda ya fi kowane yawa ; da na baya, wanda ba shi da yawa amma ya fi tsanani.  Jinin na gaba gabaɗaya yana fitowa daga plexus Kiesselbach yayin da jini na baya gabaɗaya yana fitowa daga jijiya sphenopalatine . Tabassom, A; Cho, JJ (January 2020). "Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)". StatPearls. PMID 28613768Sakamakon ganewar asali shine ta hanyar kallo kai tsaye. 

kariya daga faruwar hakan  na iya haɗawa da amfani da jelly na man fetur a cikin hanci. Tabassom, A; Cho, JJ (January 2020). "Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)". StatPearls. PMID 28613768 Da farko, magani gabaɗaya shine aikace-aikacen matsa lamba na akalla mintuna biyar akan ƙasan rabin hanci. Joseph, Jonathan; Martinez-Devesa, Pablo; Bellorini, Jenny; Burton, Martin J (2018-12-31). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (12): CD004328. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004328.pub3. PMC 6517002. PMID 30596479 Idan wannan bai wadatar ba, ana iya amfani da tattarawar hanci .  Tranexamic acid kuma na iya taimakawa. Wackym, James B. Snow,... P. Ashley (2009). Ballenger's otorhinolaryngology : head and neck surgery (17th ed.). Shelton, Conn.: People's Medical Pub. House/B C Decker. p. 551. ISBN 9781550093377 Idan zubar jini ya ci gaba, ana ba da shawarar endoscopy . 

Kusan kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutane sun taba yin habo a  wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.  Kusan kashi 10% na jinin hanci suna da tsanani. Wilson, I. Dodd (1990). Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.). Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (3rd ed.). Boston:Jinin hanci ba kasafai yake yin kisa ba, wanda ya kai 4 kawai daga cikin miliyan 2.4 da suka mutu a Amurka a shekarar 1999.  Ciwon hanci ya fi shafar wadanda ke kasa da shekara 10 zuwa sama da 50. Krulewitz, NA; Fix, ML (February 2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. PMID 30454778. S2CID 242676103

 Abubuwan da ke kawo habo 
alt=|thumb|Jijiyoyin da suke kawo jini a hanci wanda sune ke saka habo
Habo na iya faruwa saboda dalilai da dama. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani sun haɗa da rauni daga tsokalar hanci, rauni wanda ya tsananta (kamar haɗarin abin hawa), ko shigar da wani abu a cikin hanci (mafi yawa a yara). Riordan-Eva, Paul (2000). Vaughan and Asbury's General Ophthalmology. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-07-137831-4.Dangantakar zafi na muhalli (ciki har da gine-gine masu zafi na tsakiya), cututtuka na hanyoyin iska, , mura, rhinitis ko abubuwan da zasu iya canzawar hanci  na iya haifar da kumburi da kaurarawar  na fata din dake  a cikin hanci, haifar da yiwuwar zubar  da jini daga hanci."Work Table I. Deaths from each cause by 5-year age groups, race and sex: US, 1999" (PDF). CDC. 2011. p. 1922. Retrieved 13 April 2020.

Yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar habo da suna iya warkewa da kansu sannan  kuma ba sa buƙatar kulawar likita.,  saidai kuma idan jini na hanci yana zowa bayan lokaci zuwa lokaci ko kuma bai amsa maganin gida ba,irin wannan yana  buƙatar bincike. An jera wasu daga cikin dalilan dake kawo habo kamar haka Svider, Peter; Arianpour, Khashayar; Mutchnick, Sean (June 2018). "Management of Epistaxis in Children and Adolescents". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 65 (3): 607–621. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.02.007. ISSN 0031-3955. PMID 29803286. S2CID 44125103 "Nosebleeds & Headaches: Do You Have Brain Cancer?". Advanced Neurosurgery Associates. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2020-12-14. Corry J. Kucik; Timothy Clenney (January 15, 2005). "Management of Epistaxis". American Family Physician. American Academy of Family Physicians. 71 (2): 305–311. PMID 15686301. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2010.

 Thrombocytopenia ( thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ).
 Cutar von Willebrand
 Hemophilia
 Cutar sankarar bargo
 HIV
 Ciwon hanta na yau da kullun -cirrhosis yana haifar da rashi na factor II, VII, IX, & X

 Abincin abinci 

 Sulfur dioxide (sulfur dioxide) E220 (a matsayin abinci mai kiyayewa da ake amfani dashi musamman a cikin giya, busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, da sauransu. )
 Sulfites a matsayin masu kiyaye abinci
 Salicylates da ke faruwa a cikin wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan 

 dalilin kumburi 

 granulomatosis tare da polyangiitis

 Tsarin lupus erythematosus 

 Magunguna 

 Anticoagulation ( warfarin, heparin, aspirin, da dai sauransu). )
 Magunguna masu lalacewa (musamman cocaine )
 Nasal sprays (musamman tsawaitawa ko rashin amfani da kwayoyin steroids na hanci)

 Dalilin ciwon daji 

 Squamous cell carcinoma
 Adenoid cystic carcinoma
 Melanoma
 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
 Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
 Zubar da hanci na iya zama alamar ciwon daji a yankin sinus, wanda ba kasafai ba ne, ko ciwace-ciwacen da ke farawa daga gindin kwakwalwa, kamar meningioma . Saboda wuri mai mahimmanci, zubar jinin hanci da ciwace-ciwacen daji ke haifarwa yawanci yana da alaƙa da wasu alamomi, kamar matsalolin ji ko hangen nesa. J. F. Lubianca Neto; F. D. Fuchs; S. R. Facco; M. Gus; L. Fasolo; R. Mafessoni; A. L. Gleissner (1999). "Is epistaxis evidence of end-organ damage in patients with hypertension?". Laryngoscope. 109 (7): 1111–1115. doi:10.1097/00005537-199907000-00019. PMID 10401851. S2CID 22724992

 Mai rauni 
 Nakasar jiki ( misali septal spurs)
 Ciwon kai (yawanci bugun fuska kamar naushi, wani lokacin yana rakiyar karayar hanci )
 Jiki na waje (kamar yatsu yayin ɗaukar hanci )
 Dijital rauni
 Barotrauma na kunne na tsakiya (kamar daga zuriya a cikin jirgin sama ko hawan hawan ruwa)
 Karyewar kashi na hanci
 Karya/katsewa
 Tiyata ( misali septoplasty da aikin endoscopic sinus tiyata )
 Jinin hanci na iya kasancewa saboda karyewar kasusuwan fuska wato maxilla da zygoma.Mai rauni
Jijiyoyin jini

 Hemorrhagic telangiectasia (cutar Osler-Weber-Rendu)
 Angioma
 Aneurysm na carotid artery

 Pathophysiology 
Mucosa na hanci yana dauke da wadataccen jini wanda zai iya rushewa cikin sauƙi kuma ya haifar da zubar jini. Fashewa na iya zama na kai tsaye ko kuma ya fara ta ta hanyar rauni. An ba da rahoton zubar da jini a cikin kashi 60% na yawan jama'a tare da mafi yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin waɗanda ba su kai shekaru goma ba da kuma sama da shekaru 50 kuma suna bayyana a cikin maza fiye da mata. 

 Manazarta