Thales na Miletus

Thales of Miletus (/ˈθeɪliːz/ THAY-leez; Ancient Greek: Θαλῆς; ) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. Thales was one of the Seven Sages, founding figures of Ancient Greece.

Da farko a cikin tarihin tarihi na ƙarni na goma sha takwas,  mutane da yawa sun dauke shi a matsayin masanin falsafa na farko a cikin al'adar Girka, ya karya daga amfani da tatsuniyoyi don bayyana duniya kuma a maimakon haka ta amfani da falsafar halitta. Don haka ana kiransa na farko da ya shiga cikin lissafi, kimiyya, da tunani mai ma'ana.

Ra'ayin Thales cewa duk yanayi ya dogara ne akan kasancewar abu ɗaya, wanda ya yi la'akari da shi ruwa ne, yana da tasiri sosai tsakanin masana falsafa na zamaninsa. Thales ya yi tunanin Duniya ta yi iyo a kan ruwa.

A cikin ilmin lissafi, Thales shine sunan sunan Thales's theorem, kuma ana iya kiran intercept theorem a matsayin Thales' theorem. An ce Thales ya lissafa tsawo na pyramids da nisan jiragen ruwa daga bakin teku. A kimiyya, Thales masanin taurari ne wanda aka ruwaito ya yi hasashen yanayi da Hasken rana. Binciken matsayin tauraron Ursa Major kuma an danganta shi da Thales, da kuma lokutan solstices da equinoxes. Ya kuma kasance injiniya, wanda aka sani da barin sojojin Lydian su haye Kogin Halys. Plutarch ya rubuta cewa "a wannan lokacin, Thales kadai ya tayar da falsafar daga hasashe kawai zuwa aiki".

 Rayuwa 
Babban tushe game da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar Thales da aikinsa shine mai rubutun ra'ayi Diogenes Laërtius, a cikin aikinsa na ƙarni na uku na AD Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers .  Duk da yake shi ne kawai muke da shi, Diogenes ya rubuta wasu ƙarni takwas bayan mutuwar Thales kuma tushe sau da yawa suna dauke da "bayani mara aminci ko ma ƙirƙira".  An san Thales ya fito ne daga Miletus, wani birni na kasuwanci da aka kafa a bakin Kogin Maeander, kusa da Didim na zamani, Turkiyya.

Ba a san kwanakin rayuwar Thales ba, amma an kafa su ne ta hanyar wasu abubuwan da za a iya lissafawa da aka ambata a cikin tushe. A cewar masanin tarihi Herodotus, a rubuce a karni na 5 BC, Thales ya annabta hasken rana a cikin 585 BC. Da yake zaton acme (ko floruit) ya faru ne yana da shekaru 40, tarihin Apollodorus na Athens, wanda aka rubuta a cikin karni na 2 BC, saboda haka ya sanya haihuwar Thales game da shekara ta 625 BC.Frank N. Magill, The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 1, Routledge, 2003 

 Kayan da dangi 
Duk da yake yiwuwar ita ce Thales ya kasance kamar Girkanci kamar yawancin Milesians,  Herodotus ya bayyana Thales a matsayin "Fenisiya ta zuriya mai nisa".  Diogenes Laërtius ya yi nuni da Herodotus, Duris, da Democritus, wadanda duk sun yarda "cewa Thales dan Examyas ne da Cleobulina, kuma na Thelidae ne wadanda suke Phoenicians kuma daga cikin zuriyar Cadmus da Agenor" wadanda aka kore su daga Phoenicia kuma cewa Thales ya shiga cikin 'yan ƙasa a Miletus tare da Neleus.

.  EncyclopKoyaya, Friedrich Nietzsche da sauransu sun fassara wannan magana a matsayin ma'ana kawai cewa kakanninsa suna tafiya Cadmeians daga Beotia. Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa yana da asalin gauraye, saboda mahaifinsa yana da sunan Carian kuma mahaifiyarsa tana da sunan Helenanci. Diogenes Laërtius da alama ya kuma ambaci wani madadin labarin: "Yawancin marubuta, duk da haka, suna wakiltar shi a matsayin ainihin Milesian kuma na dangi mai daraja".  Encyclopedia Britannica (1952) ya kammala cewa Thales mai yiwuwa ɗan asalin Milesian ne na haihuwa mai daraja kuma tabbas shi Girkanci ne 

Diogenes ya ci gaba, ta hanyar isar da ƙarin rahotanni masu rikitarwa: wanda Thales ya yi aure kuma ko dai ya haifi ɗa (Cybisthus ko Cybisthon) ko kuma ya karbi dan uwansa mai suna; na biyu cewa bai taɓa yin aure ba, yana gaya wa mahaifiyarsa a matsayin saurayi cewa ya yi wuri sosai don yin aure, kuma a matsayin dattijo ya makara.  Plutarch ya riga ya gaya wa wannan sigar: Solon ya ziyarci Thales kuma ya tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa ya kasance marar aure; Thales ya amsa cewa ba ya son ra'ayin damuwa game da yara. Duk da haka, shekaru da yawa bayan haka, yana damuwa da iyali, ya karbi dan uwansa Cybisthus .

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