Aristoxenus

Aristoxenus na Tarentum (; haihuwa  375, ku. 335 BC) wani masanin falsafa ne na Peripatetic, kuma dalibin Aristotle. Yawancin rubuce-rubucensa, waɗanda suka yi magana akan falsafa, kyawawan ɗabi'u da waka, sun ɓace, amma ɗaya daga cikin rubutun wakarsa, Elements of Harmony (Girkanci: Ἁρμονικὰ στοιχεῖα; Latin : Elementa harmonica, ya tsira amma ba duka ba da kuma wasu sassa da suka shafi amshi da metre. . Wakar Elements shine babban tushen ilimin mu na yanzu akan tsofaffin wakokin kasar Girka. "Aristoxenus of Tarentum" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 593.

 Rayuwa 
An haifi Aristoxenus a Tarentum (Apulia a yau, kudancin Italiya), kuma ɗa ne ga ƙwararren mawaƙi mai suna Spintharus (ko kuma Mnesias). Suda, Aristoxenos; Aelian, H. A. ii. 11. Ya koyi kiɗa daga mahaifinsa, kuma tun lokacin da Lamprus na Erythrae da Xenophilus, almajiran Pythagoras sun koyar da shi, a ƙarshe ya zama almajirin Aristotle, Aulus Gellius, iv. 11; Cicero, Tusc. Disp. i. 18 wanda ya bayyana ya yi fice acikin nau'ikan karatunsa. A cewar Suda, Suda, Aristoxenos ya zagi Aristotle bayan mutuwarsa, saboda Aristotle ya nada Theophrastus a matsayin shugaban makarantar Peripatetic na gaba, matsayin da Aristoxenus da kansa ya yi sha'awar samun manyan nasarori a matsayinsa na almajirin Aristotle. Wannan labarin, duk da haka, ya saba wa Aristocles, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa kawai ya ambaci Aristotle tare da girmamawa mafi girma. Babu wani abu da aka sani game da rayuwarsa bayan lokacin tafiyar Aristotle, baya ga sharhi akan Elementa Harmonica game da ayyukansa. Aristocles ap. Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica xv. 2

 Bayanin ayyukansa 
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An ce rubuce-rubucensa sun ƙunshi littattafai ɗari huɗu da hamsin da uku, Suda, Aristoxenos kuma sun yi magana game da falsafa, ɗabi'a da wakoki. Ko da yake shekarunsa na ƙarshe sun kasance a makarantar Peripatetic, kuma yayi fatan ya gaji Aristotle bayan mutuwarsa, Aristoxenus ya horu sosai daga  Pythagoreanism, kuma ya kasance mabiyin Aristotle ne kawai saboda Aristotle ya kasance mabiyin Plato da Pythagoras. Don haka, kamar yadda Sophie Gibson ya gaya mana,  "Tasirin falsafa iri-iri" akan Aristoxenus sun haɗa da tasowa a babban birnin Pythagorean Taras (Tarentum), gida kuma ga daliban Pythagoreans guda biyu, Archytas da Philolaus, da mahaifinsa mawakin (Pythagorean), wanda ya cusa wa dansa. Gibson ya gaya mana cewa, bayan tasirin mahaifinsa:

 Sauran ayyuka 
Littafin Wehrli yana gabatar da shaidun da suka tsira na ayyukansa tare da lakabi masu zuwa (ba tare da tabbacin wurare da dama ba ):

 Rayuwar Pythagoras (Πυθαγόρου βίος): fr. 11 Wehrli
 Kan Pythagoras da almajiransa (Περὶ Πυθαγόρου καὶ τῶν γνωρίμων αὐτοῦ): fr. 14 Wehrli
 Akan rayuwar Pythagorean (Περὶ τοῦ Πυθαγορικοῦ βίου): fr. 31 Wehrli
 Pythagorean maxims ko Pythagorean negations (Πυθαγορικαὶ ἀποφάσεις): fr. 34 Wuri
 Al'adun ilimi ko Dokokin ilimi (Παιδευτικοὶ νόμοι): fr. 42-43 Wehrli
 Dokokin Siyasa (Πολιτικοὶ νόμοι): fr. 44-45 Wehrli
 Halin Mantinean (Μαντινέων ἔθη): fr. 45, I, layi na 1–9 Wehrli
 Yabon Mantineans (Μαντινέων ἐγκώμιον): fr. 45, I, layi na 10–12 Wehrli
 Rayuwar Architas (Ἀρχύτα βίος ): fr. 47-50 Wehrli
 Rayuwar Socrates (Σωκράτους βίος ): fr. 54 Wuri
 Rayuwar Plato (Πλάτωνος βίος): fr. 64 Wuri
 A kan tonoi (Περὶ τόνων): taƙaitaccen zance a cikin sharhin Porphyry akan Ptolemy's <i id="mwxA">Harmonics</i>, shafi na. 78 Düring (ba Wehrli ya gyara ba)
 Kan kiɗa (Περὶ μουσικῆς): fr. 80, 82, 89 Wehrli
 Akan sauraron kiɗa ko kwas ɗin Lecture akan kiɗa (Μουσικὴ ἀκρόασις): fr. 90 Wehrli
 Kan Praxidamas (Πραξιδαμάντεια): fr. 91 Wuri
 Kan waƙoƙin waƙa ko Kan kiɗa a cikin waƙar waƙa (Περὶ μελοποιίας): fr. 93 Wuri
 Akan kayan kida (Περὶ ὀργάνων): fr. 94–95, 102 Wehrli
 Kan aulos (Περὶ αὐλῶν): fr. 96 Waziri
 A kan auletes (Περὶ αὐλητῶν): fr. 100 Wehrli
 A kan m na aulos (Περὶ αὐλῶν τρήσεως): fr. 101 Wehrli
 Kan waƙoƙin waƙa (Περὶ χορῶν): fr. 103 Wehrli
 Kan rawa mai ban tausayi (Περὶ τραγικῆς ὀρχήσεως): fr. 104-106 Wehrli
 Kwatanta raye-raye (Συγκρίσεις): fr. 109 Wehrli
 Akan mawaƙa masu ban tausayi (Περὶ τραγῳδοποιῶν): fr. 113 Wehrli
 Rayuwar Telestes (Τελέστου βίος): fr. 117 Wehrli (a cewar wanda wannan Telestes shine mawaƙin dithyrambic )
 Maganar tebur dabam-dabam ko Tambayoyi daban-daban (Σύμμικτα συμποτικά): fr. 124 Wehrli
 Bayanan kula ko Memorabilia (Ὑπομνήματα), Bayanan tarihi (Ἱστορικὰ ὑπομνήματα), Takaitaccen bayanin kula (Κατὰ βραχὰ βραχὺ βραχὺ βραχὺ ὑπ΍΍΍΍΍ομne) ικτα ὑπομνήματα), Random jottings (Τὰ σποράδην): fr. 128–132, 139 Wehrli

 Wallafa-wallafe da fassarori 

 Barker, Andrew (1989). Rubutun Kiɗa na Girka, vol. 2: Harmonic and Acoustic Theory (Cambridge), shafi. 119–89, Fassarar Ingilishi tare da gabatarwa da bayanin kula, 
 Macran, Henry Stewart (1902). The Harmonics of Aristoxenus (Oxford), rubutun Girkanci tare da fassarar Turanci da bayanin kula ( archive.org, Internet Archive )
 Marquard, Paul (1868). Die harmonischen Fragmente des Aristoxenus (Berlin), rubutun Girkanci tare da fassarar Jamusanci da sharhi ( archive.org, Google Books )
 Pearson, Lionel (1990). Aristoxenus: Elementa rhythmica. Rukunin Littafi na II da ƙarin shaida don ka'idar rhythmic Aristoxenean (Oxford), rubutun Greek tare da gabatarwa, fassarar, da sharhi, 
 Wehrli, Fritz (1967). Die Schule des Aristoteles, vol. 2: Aristoxenos, na biyu. ed. (Basel/Stuttgart), Rubutun Helenanci (ban da gutsure masu jituwa, gutsuttsura rhythmic, A Tsawon Farko, da Kan tonoi : duba shafi na. 28) tare da sharhi cikin Jamusanci
 Westphal, Rudolf (1883-1893). Aristoxenus von Tarent: Melik und Rhythmik des classischen Hellenenthums, 2 vols. (Leipzig) ( juzu'i na 1, juzu'i na 2 )
 Westphal, Rudolf (1861). Die Fragmente und die Lehrsätze der griechischen Rhythmiker (Leipzig), shafi na. 26–41, Rubutun Helenanci na Elementa rhythmica da Akan Tsawon Farko ( Taskar Intanet )

 Duba kuma 

 Koyarwar Plato da ba a rubuta ba, don rahoton Aristoxenus akan Laccar Plato akan Mai Kyau.

 Bayanan kula 

 Manazarta