Shingles

Shingles, wanda kuma aka sani da zoster ko herpes zoster, cuta ce ta kwayar cutar virus da ke dauke da ciwon fata mai raɗaɗi tare da blisters a cikin wani yanki.   Yawanci kurjin  yana faruwa a sashe  ɗaya na jiki , mai faɗi ko dai a gefen hagu ko dama na jiki ko fuska.  Kwanaki biyu zuwa hudu kafin kurjin ya fito  ana iya samun tsira  ko ciwo a wani yankin jiki.   Sauran alamomin da aka sani sune zazzabi, ciwon kai, da gajiya.   Kurjin yakan warke cikin makonni biyu zuwa hudu;  duk da haka, wasu mutane suna ci gaba da ciwon jijiyar dake daukar sako  wanda zai iya wucewa na watanni ko shekaru, yanayin da ake kira postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).  A cikin waɗanda ba su da garkuwar jiki mai kyau  kumburin na iya faruwa ko'ina .  Idan kurjin ya shafi ido, mutum na iya rasa ganinsa .  

Shingles yana aukuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta ta varicella zoster (VZV) wanda kuma ke haifar da kaji . A cikin yanayin kashin kaji, wanda kuma ake kira varicella, kamuwa da cutar ta farko tare da kwayar cutar yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin ƙuruciya ko samartaka.  Da zarar karambau  ya warware, kwayar cutar na iya zama  (ba aiki) a cikin  jijiya na ɗan adam ( dorsal root ganglia ko cranial jijiyoyi ) .

Shingles yana faruwa ne bayan da  kwayar cutar varicella ta sake dawowa.  Sannan kwayar cutar ta bi ta jikin jijiyoyi zuwa karshen jijiyoyi a cikin fata, ta haifar da blisters.  Yayin barkewar cutar shingle, kamuwa da kwayar cutar varicella da aka samu a cikin blisters na iya haifar da cutar kaji a cikin wanda bai riga ya kamu da cutar ba, kodayake mutumin ba zai yi fama da shingles ba, aƙalla a farkon kamuwa da cuta.  Ba a fahimci yadda kwayar cutar ta kasance a kwance a jiki ba ko kuma ta sake kunnawa.  

An gano cutar tun zamanin da .  Abubuwan da da zasu iya saka kamuwa da  kwayar cutar sun haɗa da tsufa, rashin aikin rigakafi, da kamuwa da cutar kaji kafin watanni 18.  Ana gano cutar yawanci akan alamu da alamun da aka gabatar.  Cutar varicella zoster ba iri ɗaya ce da cutar ta herpes simplex ba, ko da yake suna cikin iyali ɗaya na ƙwayoyin cuta . 

Alurar rigakafin shingles suna rage haɗarin shingles da kashi 50% zuwa 90%, ya danganta da maganin da ake amfani da shi.   Alurar riga kafi kuma yana rage adadin neuralgia na postherpetic, kuma, idan shingles ya faru, tsananinsa.  Idan shingles ya tasowa, magungunan antiviral kamar aciclovir na iya rage tsanani da tsawon lokacin cutar idan an fara a cikin sa'o'i 72 na bayyanar kurji.  Shaida ba ta nuna tasiri mai mahimmanci na antivirals ko steroids akan ƙimar neuralgia na postherpetic ba.   Ana iya amfani da paracetamol, NSAIDs, ko opioids don taimakawa tare da ciwo mai tsanani. 

An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi uku na mutane suna kamuwa da shingle a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.  Yayin da shingle ya fi yawa a tsakanin tsofaffi, yara kuma na iya kamuwa da cutar.  A cewar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka, adadin sabbin lokuta a kowace shekara ya tashi daga 1.2 zuwa 3.4 a cikin shekaru 1,000 tsakanin mutane masu lafiya zuwa 3.9 zuwa 11.8 a cikin 1,000 mutum-shekaru tsakanin waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 65.   Kimanin rabin waɗanda ke rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 85 za su sami aƙalla hari ɗaya, kuma ƙasa da 5% za su sami hari fiye da ɗaya.   Kodayake alamun suna iya zama mai tsanani, haɗarin mutuwa yana da ƙasa sosai: 0.28 zuwa 0.69 mutuwar kowace miliyan. 

 Alamomi 
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Alamomin dake fara bayanna  na shingles, waɗanda suka haɗa da ciwon kai, zazzaɓi, da rashin lafiya, ba takamaiman ba ne, kuma na iya haifar da ganewar asali ba daidai ba.   Revised June 2005. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka yawanci suna biye da jin zafi na zafi, itching, hyperesthesia (oversensitivity), ko paresthesia ("fita da allura": tingling, pricking, ko numbness).  Jin zafi na iya zama mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani a cikin dermatome da aka shafa, tare da jin dadi da aka kwatanta da sau da yawa a matsayin tingling, tingling, aching, numbing ko throbbing, kuma za a iya shiga tare da sauri mai zafi na zafi mai zafi. 

Shingles a cikin yara sau da yawa ba shi da zafi, amma mutane suna iya kamuwa da shingle yayin da suka tsufa, kuma cutar takan yi tsanani. 

A mafi yawan lokuta, bayan kwana daya zuwa biyuamma wani lokacin har tsawon sati ukukashi na farko yana biye da bayyanar halayen fata. Ciwo da kurji sun fi faruwa akan gaɓoɓin jiki amma suna iya bayyana a fuska, idanu, ko wasu sassan jiki. Da farko, kurji ya bayyana kama da bayyanar farko na amya ; duk da haka, ba kamar amya ba, shingles yana haifar da canje-canjen fata da aka iyakance ga dermatome, yawanci yana haifar da ratsin ko bel mai kama da bel wanda ke iyakance zuwa gefe ɗaya na jiki kuma baya ketare tsakiyar layi.  Zoster sine herpete ("zoster without herpes") ya bayyana mutumin da ke da dukkan alamun shingles sai wannan sifa mai kurji. 

 Manazarta