Abd Allah bin Saba'

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’Abd Allāh ibn Sabā’ al-himyarī (    ) (wani lokaci kuma ana kiransa Ibn Sabāʾ, Ibn al-Sawdāʾ, ko Ibn Wahb, )  wani mutum ne ɗan ƙarni na 7 a tarihin Musulunci wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar mabiya da ake kira Saba'iyya (  ). Abd Allah b. Saba, M.G.S. Hodgson, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H. A. R. Gibb, J. H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 51.

A bisa al’adar Sunnah da Shi’a, Abd Allah ibn Saba’ Bayahude ne ɗan Yaman daga ƙabilar Himyar Larabawa wanda ya musulunta a zamanin Uthman. Abd Allah b. Saba, M.G.S. Hodgson, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H. A. R. Gibb, J. H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 51.  Saboda girmamawar da yake yiwa Ali, a al'adance ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin farkon gwalat. A cikin lissafin da Sayf bn Umar ya tattara, an ce Ibn Saba' da mabiyansa (Saba'iyya) su ne suka yaudari Masarawa a kan Uthman, kuma su ne alhakin karya matsugunin da ke kusa a yakin Rakumi. 

Masana tarihi na zamani sun yi saɓani a kan tarihin Ibn Saba’.  Wasu suna ganin Abd Allah ibn Saba' da Ibn al-Sawda' ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin mutane biyu daban (Hodgson). Wasu sun siffanta shi a matsayin ɗan tarihi ko almara (Taha Hussein, Bernard Lewis, Wilferd Madelung, Leone Caetani, da malaman tarihi na Shi'a)  Wasu irin su Isra'ila Friedlander, Sabatino Moscati, da malaman tarihi na Sunni sun tabbatar da wanzuwarsa.  Asalinsa Bayahude ne kuma an yi hamayya da shi. Wasu masana tarihi na wannan zamani sun tabbatar da cewa Sayf bn Umar ya ƙirƙiri labarin kisan Usman ne don “kore mutanen Madina daga shiga cikin kisan halifa” kuma yunƙurin goyon bayan Ali a matsayin magajin Muhammad ba ya wanzu a zamanin Usman.  In ban da Taha Hussein, mafi yawan marubutan Sunnah na zamani sun tabbatar da samuwar Ibn Saba'. 

 Tarihi 
A cewar majiyoyin gargajiya na Sunni da Shi'a, Abd Allah ibn Saba' ya kasance Bayahude ya kuma karɓi Musulunci .  Amma masana tarihi na zamani sun yi saɓani a kan tarihin Ibn Saba. MGS Hodgson ya yi shakkar Ibn Saba' Bayahude ne, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Ibn Saba' da Ibn al-Sawada' ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin mutane biyu daban-daban.   Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 2002, Page 159,  A cewar Leone Caetani, asalin Ibn Saba ya kasance mai goyon bayan Ali ne kawai a siyasance, "wanda mutanen baya suka yi tunanin wani makirci na addini irin na Abbasiyawa".  Taha Hussein da Ali al-Wardi sun tafi a kan cewa Ibn Saba' shi ne ya kuma ƙirƙiro farfagandar Umayyawa . 

Sai dai wasu malaman tarihi sun tabbatar da samuwar Ibn Saba' ko mabiyansa. Isra'ila Friedlander ya kammala da cewa Ibn Saba' da Saba'iyya sun wanzu. Sabatino Moscati kuma ya tabbatar da aikinsa.  Linda D. Lau da AR Armush kuma sun yarda da lissafin Sayf ibn Umar da irin rawar da Saba'iyya suka taka a yakin Rakumi . Landau-Tasseron, Ella (January 1990). "Sayf Ibn 'Umar in Medieval and Modern Scholarship". Der Islam. 67: 1–26. doi:10.1515/islm.1990.67.1.1. ISSN 1613-0928. S2CID 164155720. But Linda D. Lau and A. R. Armush, in what seem to be independent studies, reached the conclusion that Sayf's explanation is not only the sole existing one, but is also governed by inner logic so that there is no reason to reject it.

Dangane da aƙidar Ibn Saba'i, musamman ta Saba'iyya, WF Tucker ya lura cewa sun fi cika kuma sun fi rubuce a cikin madogaran da suka shafi bidi'a.  Matti Musa ya yi nuni da cewa a haqiqa ƙungiyar Saba’iyya a matsayinta na gulat ta wanzu, yana mai cewa malaman bidi’a na Sunna da Shi’a sun yi la’akari da ra’ayinsu da gaske.  Hodgson ya bayyana cewa, akwai sabanin ra’ayi na addini da aka jingina shi da shi da mabiyansa, amma za mu iya ɗaukar cewa shi ne wanda ya assasa ko kuma gwarzon wata ɗarika ko fiye da ake kira Saba’iyya, wadda ta ɗaukaka matsayin Ali.

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