Rikle Glezer

Rikle (Ruth) Glezer (Disamba 17,1924-Janairu 12,2006) ɗan bangaranci ne na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu wanda ya tsara fitattun waƙoƙi game da Holocaust lokacin yaƙin.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Glezer ga dangin Yahudawa a birnin Vilna, Poland, yanzu Vilnius,Lithuania, a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1924. 'Yar mai kayan ado,ta yi karatu a Yiddish Sh.Makarantar Frug na Kwamitin Ilimi na Tsakiya sannan kuma a cikin Makarantar Yaren mutanen Poland. Glezer ta fara rubuta wakoki tun yana dan shekara 12,ta kasance mai aiki a da'irar makaranta, kuma yana cikin SKIF, Ƙungiyar Yara ta Socialist-Ƙungiyar Yara ta Bundist.A cikin 1941, lokacin da take da shekaru 16, Nazi Jamus ta mamaye birnin, kuma ta kori Glezer da sauran Yahudawa zuwa Vilna Ghetto.
Nazis sun ɗauki mahaifin Glezer a farkon mamaya. Glezer, mahaifiyarta,da kanwarta sun rayu har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe ghetto a watan Satumba 1943,kuma an fitar da su daga ghetto tare. Duk da haka, Glezer ta yi tsalle daga cikin jirgin a lokacin da yake da nisan kilomita 15 daga Vilna kuma ta isa dajin inda ta zama mai ban sha'awa.

 Kiɗa 
Glezer wrote several songs during her years of imprisonment in the ghetto. Most of her compositions were lyrics set to the melodies of popular songs:for example, her song  "My Ghetto" was composed to the tune of the Russian song "My Moscow" ("Моя Москва") by the Soviet composer Isaak Dunayevsky.Rather than depicting the beauty of Vilna, however, Glezer’s lyrics tell of the grim reality of smuggling food under conditions of disease, exhaustion and starvation.

Shahararriyar waƙar Glezer ita ce mashahuriyar "S'iz geven a zumertog" ("Ranar bazara ce"). Waƙar ta ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda aka kora Yahudawa zuwa cikin Vilna ghetto,roƙon su na neman taimakon, da kuma kashe-kashen da ake yi a kan hanyar zuwa ghetto, da kuma cikin dajin Ponar kusa. Dajin Ponar shi ne wurin da aka yi kisan kiyashi na Ponary, daya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi sani da kisan gillar 'yan Nazif, inda aka harbe dubban maza da mata da kananan yara daga Vilna da garuruwan da ke kewaye da su aka binne su a kaburbura. An saita waƙoƙin masu sauƙi da masu jan hankali zuwa waƙar waƙar wasan kwaikwayo ta Yiddish ta shahararriyar waƙa ta shekarun tsakanin yaƙi, 'Papirosn' (Cigarettes), wanda Herman Yablokoff ya haɗa. A shekarar 1999,mawakin Isra'ila Chava Alberstein ya rera wakar da sunan "Zumer Tag". "Ranar bazara ce, rana mai kyau kuma kyakkyawa kamar koyaushe / Kuma yanayi yana da fara'a sosai.

 Tsuntsaye suna rera waƙa,suna yawo cikin fara'a. An umurce mu da mu shiga cikin ghetto.

 Haba, ka yi tunanin abin da ya faru da mu! Mun gane: komai ya ɓace.

 Rokonmu na cewa wani ya cece mu babu wani amfani. Har yanzu mun bar gidanmu.

 Hanya ta miƙe; Tafiya ke da wuya/Ina jin cewa, kallon mu, dutse zai yi kuka.

 Tsofaffi da yara sun tafi kamar shanu don a yi hadaya/Jini na kwararowa a titi." - Ranar bazara ce, 1941.

 Ayyukan bangaranci  
A shekara ta 1941, lokacin da Glezer ke da shekaru 18, jim kadan bayan ya shirya waƙar "Ranar bazara ce", an saka Glezer a cikin jirgin ƙasa don a kori shi. Majiyoyi sun bambanta ko za a tura ta zuwa sansanonin Nazi ko kuma dazuzzuka na Ponar.  Glezer ya sami nasarar tserewa daga jirgin, kuma ta shiga cikin dazuzzuka a cikin gandun dajin da ke kewaye da Vilna. Ƙananan memba na ƙungiyar ƙungiya, Glezer ya ci gaba da rubutawa tsakanin ayyukan soja.

Jim kadan bayan haka aka fitar da ita daga ghetto zuwa wani sansani. A kan hanyar zuwa Punar, wurin da aka yi kisan gillar Ponary, sojsota yi nasarar tsalle daga jirgin. Glazer ya koma Vilina kuma ya tuntuɓi membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa ta Ƙasa. Ta shiga cikin 'yan jam'iyyar Lithuania a cikin gandun daji na Rudniki a kudancin Vilna,a matsayin mai gwagwarmaya a cikin "Mutuwa zuwa Fascism". Tsakanin ayyukan soja, ta ci gaba da rubutawa.

Ta koma Vilna tare da ƴan bangaranci da rundunonin sojoji waɗanda suka 'yantar da birnin daga hannun sojojin Nazir.

 Bayan yakin duniya na biyu 
Daga cikin Yahudawa 60,000 na Vilna da ke raye a 1939,biytana ɗaya daga cikin kusan 3,000 da suka tsira don ganin 'yantar da garinsu ta Red Army.

A cikin Disamba 1948,ta yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila tare da danginta,ciki har da mijinta wanda shi ma tsohon ɗan jam'iyya ne, a cikin jirgin Nagba.

A cikin 1991, littafin wakokinta, "Leader von Life" (Jagoran Zuciya, 'Wakokin Rayuwa') ya buga ta Tarklin Publishing a Tel Aviv.

A cikin 1996, Glezer, yanzu da sunan aurenta Kaplan,ta yi magana game da abubuwan da ta samu ga waɗanda suka tsira daga Gidauniyar Kayayyakin gani na Shoah.

 Wakokin da aka sani   

 "My Ghetto" Du Geto Mayn -- דו געטאָ מײַן
 Mawaƙi: Isaak DunayevskyTo

 "Ranar bazara ce" Es Iz Geven A Zumertog - עס איז געװען זומערטאָג
 Mawaƙi: Yablakoff, Herman -- יאַבלאַקאָף, הערמאַן
 Saita zuwa waƙar "Papirosn"
 "Yana da Grey da Dark a cikin Ghetto" Gro un fintster iz in geto
 "The Last Night" Di letste nakht
 "Dariyar Yahudawa" Der yidisher gelekhter
 "Na kyauta" Ikh bin fray

 Ayyukan da aka buga 

 Jagoran Zuciya, Wakokin Rayuwa. Littafin wakoki. Tel Aviv: Zaure, 5791/1991. 

 Bayanan kafa 

Category:Mutuwan 2006