Kirkirar Basira

kirkirarriyar Fasaha (Artificial Intelligence - AI) shine ikon kwamfuta ko robot da kwamfuta ke sarrafa su don yin ayyukan da dan Adam  ke yi saboda amfani da fasaha zamani.

Ilimin Artificial (AI), a cikin ma'anarsa mafi girma, shine hankali da na ura ke nunawa, musamman tsarin kwamfuta. fannin bincike ne a kimiyyar na urar kwamfuta wanda ke haɓaka da nazarin hanyoyin da software waɗanda ke ba da damar na ura su fahimci mahallinsu kuma su yi amfani da ilmantarwa da hankali don ɗaukar matakai waɗanda ke haɓaka damar cimma burin da aka ƙayyade.[1] Irin waɗannan na'urorin ana iya kiransu AIs.
 Russell & Norvig (2021), pp. 1–4
https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence

 Goals 

Matsalolin gaba ɗaya na kwaikwayon (ko ƙirƙira) hankali an warware su zuwa matsuguni. Waɗannan sun ƙunshi takamaiman halaye ko iyawar da masu bincike ke tsammanin tsarin mai hankali zai nuna. Halayen da aka bayyana a ƙasa sun sami kulawa sosai kuma sun rufe iyakokin binciken AI.{{Efn|name="Matsalolin AI"|Wannan jerin halaye masu hankali sun dogara ne akan batutuwan da manyan littattafan AI suka yi bayani, gami da: {{Efn|name="Problems of AI"|Wannan jerin halaye na hankali sun dogara ne akan batutuwan da manyan litattafan AI suka tattara, gami da:

 Hankali da warware matsala 

Masu bincike na farko sun ƙirƙiro algorithms waɗanda suka kwaikwayi tunani mataki-mataki wanda ɗan adam ke amfani da shi lokacin da suke warware wasanin gwada ilimi ko yin ma'ana  deductions.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-15 A ƙarshen 1980s da 1990s, an ƙirƙiri hanyoyin magance rashin tabbas ko cikakkun bayanai, yin amfani da dabaru daga yuwuwar da tattalin arziki.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-16

Yawancin waɗannan algorithms ba su isa don magance manyan matsalolin tunani ba saboda suna fuskantar " fashewar haɗuwa ": Suna zama a hankali yayin da matsalolin suka girma.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Intractability-17 Ko da ɗan adam ba safai suke amfani da ragi na mataki-mataki wanda farkon binciken AI zai iya ƙima. Suna magance yawancin matsalolinsu ta amfani da hukunci mai sauri, da hankali.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Psychological_evidence_of_sub-symbolic_reasoning-18 Daidaitaccen tunani mai inganci matsala ce da ba a warware ba.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupermanReichleyBailey2006-22

 Wakilin ilimi 


Wakilin Ilimi da injinin ilmihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-19 ba da damar shirye-shiryen AI don amsa tambayoyi cikin hankali da yin ragi game da gaskiyar duniya. Ana amfani da wakilcin ilimi na yau da kullun a cikin bayanan tushen abun ciki da dawo da su,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmoliarZhang1994-20 tafsirin yanayi,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumannM%C3%B6ller2008-21 goyan bayan shawarar asibiti,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupermanReichleyBailey2006-22 gano ilimin (haƙar ma'adinai "mai ban sha'awa" da abubuwan da za a iya aiki daga manyan bayanan bayanai),https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGarry2005-23 da sauran fannoni.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertiniDel_BimboTorniai2006-24

Tushen ilimi wani yanki ne na ilimin da aka wakilta a cikin nau'i wanda shirin zai iya amfani da shi. Ontology shine saitin abubuwa, alaƙa, dabaru, da kaddarorin da wani yanki na ilimi ke amfani dashi.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021272-25 Tushen ilimi yana buƙatar wakiltar abubuwa kamar abubuwa, kadarori, nau'ikan, da alaƙa tsakanin abubuwa;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Representing_categories_and_relations-26 yanayi, abubuwan da suka faru, jihohi, da lokaci;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Representing_time-27 haddasawa da tasiri;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Representing_causation-28 ilimi game da ilimi (abin da muka sani game da abin da wasu suka sani);https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Representing_knowledge_about_knowledge-29 dalilan da ba su dace ba (abubuwan da mutane suke ɗauka gaskiya ne har sai an gaya musu daban kuma za su kasance gaskiya ko da lokacin da wasu abubuwan ke canzawa);https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Default_reasoning_and_non-monotonic_logic-30 da sauran bangarori da fagagen ilimi.

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