CFA franc Yammacin Afirka

CFA franc na yammacin Afirka ( Faransanci : franc CFA ko kuma kawai franc, ISO 4217 code: XOF ; gajarta: F.CFA ) ita ce kudin da kasashe takwas masu zaman kansu ke amfani da shi a yammacin Afirka wadanda suka hada da Tarayyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi na Yammacin Afirka (UEMOA;  ): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nijar, Senegal da Togo . Waɗannan ƙasashe takwas suna da jimillar yawan jama'a 105.7 mutane miliyan a cikin 2014,  da kuma jimlar GDP na dalar Amurka 128.6 biliyan (kamar na 2018).

Farkon CFA yana nufin  ("Ƙungiyar Kuɗi na Afirka").  Babban bankin kasashen yammacin Afirka ne ke fitar da kudin (BCEAO;  ), wanda yake a Dakar, Senegal, don membobin UEMOA. Ana rarraba franc ɗin zuwa santimita 100 amma ba a taɓa fitar da tsabar kuɗi ko takardun banki da aka ƙididdige su ba. An gudanar da samar da bayanan kuɗi na CFA franc da tsabar kudi a Chamalières ta Bankin Faransa tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1945.

Kudin CFA na Afirka ta Tsakiya yana daidai da darajar CFA ta Afirka ta Yamma, kuma yana yawo a wasu jihohin tsakiyar Afirka. Dukansu ana kiransu da sunan CFA franc .

A watan Disambar 2019 ne aka sanar da cewa, za a sake fasalin kudin CFA na yammacin Afirka, wanda zai hada da canza masa suna da eco da rage rawar da Faransa ke takawa a cikin kudin.   Kungiyar bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika (ECOWAS) wacce mambobin kungiyar UEMOA suma mambobi ne, na shirin bullo da nata kudin bai daya ga kasashe mambobinta nan da shekarar 2027, wanda kuma suka amince da sunan eco a hukumance.  

 Tarihi 
An gabatar da kudin CFA ga ƙasashen da Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka ta Yamma a shekara ta 1945, wanda ya maye gurbin faransa na yammacin Afirka . Kasashen yammacin Afirka da suke amfani da kudin CFA sun hada da Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Sudan ta Faransa, Mauritania, Nijar, Sénegal, Togo da Upper Volta . An ci gaba da amfani da kudin ne a lokacin da wadannan kasashen da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka suka sami ‘yancin kai, sai dai a kasar Mali (tsohon Sudan ta Faransa), wadda ta maye gurbinsu a daidai da kudin CFA da franc din ta a shekarar 1961.

A cikin 1973, Mauritania ta maye gurbin CFA franc tare da ouguiya a farashin 1 ouguiya = 5 francs. Mali ta karbo kudin CFA a shekarar 1984, a kan kudi 1 CFA franc = 2 francs Malian. Tsohon mulkin mallaka na Portuguese na Guinea-Bissau ya karɓi CFA franc a cikin 1997,  ya maye gurbin peso Guinea-Bissau akan ƙimar 1 CFA franc = 65 pesos.

An danganta kudin zuwa Faransa Franc a F.CFA 1 = F 2. daga 1948, ya zama 1 F.CFA = NF 0.02 bayan gabatarwar sabon franc a 1 sabon franc = 100 tsohon francs. A cikin 1994 an rage darajar kudin da rabi zuwa F.CFA 1 = F 0.01. Daga 1999 tun daga lokacin an haɗa shi zuwa Yuro akan €1 = F 6.55957 = F.CFA 655.957

 Tsabar kudi 
Don tsabar kuɗi da aka buga kafin faran CFA, duba Franc na yammacin Afirka

A cikin 1948, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kudi na aluminum 1 da 2 franc. An bi waɗannan a cikin 1956 ta aluminum-bronze 5, 10, da 25 francs. Duk suna ɗauke da sunan "Afrique Occidentale Française" . A shekara ta 1957, an fitar da tsabar franc 10 da 25 da sunan "Togo" don amfani da su a wannan ƙasar, an fitar da waɗannan ne kawai a wannan shekarar. Daga 1959, BCEAO ta fitar da duk tsabar kudi.

Daga 1959 gaba, girman girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi ya canza kadan, duk da haka "Faransa Faransanci" kuma an cire kullun Marianne mai salo daga duk tsabar kudi, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da taken "Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest" tare da zane a kan 1, 5, 10, da 25 francs wanda ke nuna bayanan gazelle, wanda aka ɗauka daga al'amuran mulkin mallaka, da kuma abin rufe fuska na kabilanci tsakanin ɗarikar, wanda ya zama alamar ƙungiyar kuɗi ta Afirka ta Yamma. Nickel-Steel 100 franc tsabar kudi da aka gabatar a 1967, sai kuma cupro-nickel 50 franc tsabar kudi a 1972. Waɗannan kuma sun ƙunshi abin rufe fuska na kabilanci. Ƙananan, tsabar bakin karfe 1 franc an gabatar da su a cikin 1976, tare da maye gurbin manyan tsabar kudi na aluminum 1 franc, kuma an buga su har zuwa 1995. Tsabar kudi na franc 10 da 25 sun ga wani sabon salo a shekarar 1980, wanda ke nuna iyali suna amfani da famfon ruwa da wata budurwa mai kayan aikin sinadarai, bi da bi. An ƙaddamar da tsabar bimetallic 250 franc a cikin 1992 don rage yawan canji. Wadannan tsabar kudi, duk da haka, sun kasance marasa farin ciki a yankuna da yawa kuma an dakatar da su bayan 1996. Duk da haka, har yanzu suna da doka. A cikin 2003, an gabatar da tsabar bimetallic 200 da 500 franc, tare da maye gurbin ƙananan bayanan ƙididdiga. Kamar duk sauran tsabar kudin CFA na yamma, waɗannan sun nuna alamar abin rufe fuska.

Ba kamar wasu tsabar kuɗi na CFA na Afirka ta Tsakiya ba, ba a fitar da tsabar kuɗi na zamani da ke nuna sunayen ƙasashe membobin ɗaya ɗaya, ko wasu haruffa ko alamun alama.

Duk tsabar kudi na CFA suna nuna alamar mint guda biyu, tare da alamar keɓantacce . Alamar mint tana kan baya a gefen hagu na ƙungiyar ko kwanan wata yayin da tambarin zanen yana kan dama.

 Takardun kuɗi 
Lokacin da aka gabatar da CFA franc, bayanin kula da Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique Occidentale ya fitar a cikin ƙungiyoyin 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, da kuma 1,000 francs suna cikin yaduwa. An ƙara 500 franc a cikin 1946, sannan na 5,000 na francs a 1948. A shekara ta 1955, Institut d'Emission de l'AOF et du Togo ta ɗauki nauyin samar da kuɗin takarda, inda ta ba da bayanin kula akan 50, 100, 500, da 1,000 francs.

A shekara ta 1959, BCEAO ta ɗauki nauyin bayar da kuɗin takarda kuma ta sake dawo da takardar kuɗin franc 5,000. Ban da wasu batutuwa na farko, bayanan BCEAO suna ɗauke da wasiƙa don nuna ƙasar da aka fitar. Lambobin haruffan ƙasa sune kamar haka:

 A – 
 B – 
 C – 
 D – 
 H – 
 K – 
 S – 
 T – International Monetary Fund, March 2004. IMF Country Report No. 04/87. Burkina Faso: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes––Data Module, Response by the Authorities, and Detailed Assessment Using the Data Quality Assessment Framework, page 115.

Ana amfani da lambobin ƙasar don ganowa da kuma rarraba tsabar kuɗi tsakanin ƙasashen CFA franc, da kuma mayar da takardun banki zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali. International Monetary Fund, March 2004. IMF Country Report No. 04/87. Burkina Faso: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes––Data Module, Response by the Authorities, and Detailed Assessment Using the Data Quality Assessment Framework, page 115.

An ba da takardun kuɗi na franc 50 a ƙarshe a cikin 1959, tare da franc 100 ba a ba da su ba tun 1965. An ƙaddamar da bayanan franc 10,000 a cikin 1977, sannan 2,500 na franc a 1992.

A cikin 2004, an gabatar da sabon jerin bayanan kula a cikin ƙungiyoyin 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, da kuma 10,000 francs, tare da takardar kuɗin franc 500 da aka maye gurbinsu da tsabar kuɗi a shekarar da ta gabata. Sabbin bayanan kula sun ƙunshi sabbin abubuwan tsaro kuma sun fi na zamani ƙira. An yi marhabin da canjin saboda tunanin cewa tsofaffin bayanan sun kasance datti kuma suna da cututtuka.  An canza launi na bayanin kula na 5,000 daga shuɗi zuwa kore. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012, Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (Babban Bankin Afirka ta Yamma) ya ba da takardar kuɗi na franc 500.   Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (Central Bank of the West African States). Retrieved on 2012-11-07. West African States new 500-franc note to be issued 30 November 2012  BanknoteNews.com. November 7, 2012. Retrieved on 2012-11-09.
Bayanan banki na CFA franc na yammacin Afirka (fitowar 1991-1992) Daraja Banda Juya baya Magana 500 francs Dam din da ke kula da ambaliyar ruwa; mutum  Lambun tarakta A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 1,000 francs Dauke gyada; mace  sassaƙaƙe; mata; kwandon ajiya na gefen kogi A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 2,500 francs Ruwan lantarki; mace  Fesa maganin kashe kwari A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 5,000 francs Shuka mai narkewa; mata  Kungiyar mata A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 10,000 francs Ginin Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest ( Babban Bankin Yammacin Afirka ), Dakar, Senegal ; mutum  Wata mata dake tafiya akan gadar kurangar inabi A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo)
Bayanan banki na CFA franc na yammacin Afirka (fitowar 2003) Daraja Banda Juya baya Magana 500 francs Sawfish sifar nauyin tagulla na mutanen Ashanti don auna ƙurar zinariya; Kwamfuta a Yammacin Afirka: hannu yana taɓa kwamfutar kwamfutar hannu wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka akan taswirar Afirka  Hippopotamus  A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 1,000 francs Sawfish sifar nauyin tagulla na mutanen Ashanti don auna ƙurar zinariya; Alamomin ilimi da lafiya  Rakuma  A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 2,000 francs Sawfish sifar nauyin tagulla na mutanen Ashanti don auna ƙurar zinariya; sufuri  Kifi  A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 5,000 francs Sawfish sifar nauyin tagulla na mutanen Ashanti don auna ƙurar zinariya; noma  Antelopes ( Kobus kob kob )  A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo) 10,000 francs Sawfish sifar nauyin tagulla na mutanen Ashanti don auna ƙurar zinariya; sadarwa  Tsuntsaye ( Tauroco macrorhynchus )  A (Cote d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast); B (Benin); C (Burkina Faso); D (Mali); H (Nijar); K (Senegal); S (Guinea-Bissau); T (Togo)

 Rigima 
An dai tafka mahawara kan ko kudin CFA na Afirka ta Yamma ya zama wata hanya da Faransa za ta ci gaba da yin tasiri a yankin, wanda galibi ke yin illa ga wadannan kasashe.  Misali, daya daga cikin “dokokin” kudin shine cewa manyan bankunan kasashen da abin ya shafa dole ne su ajiye akalla kashi 50% na kadarorinsu na kasashen waje a cikin Baitul malin Faransa. Wasu na ganin hakan wata hanya ce ta tabbatar da daidaiton darajar kudin yayin da wasu ke ganin ya takaita ‘yancin cin gashin kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afirka da ke da hannu a ciki. Ko da yake a farkon shekarun 1950 zuwa tsakiyar 1980s, kasashen CFA sun sami babban ci gaban GDP na hakika da kuma raguwar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki fiye da sauran kasashen da ba na CFA ba na Saharar Sahara, girgizar tattalin arzikin da aka samu a shekarun 1986 da 1993 ya sa kudin CFA ya kara yin kima da kima. gudanar da ƙarin gibi a cikin Baitul malin Faransa. Wasu masu tsara manufofin sun yi jayayya cewa CFA franc za a ɗaure shi da kwandon kuɗi maimakon kuɗi ɗaya kamar yadda yake a halin yanzu. Har ila yau, sun bayyana cewa ya kamata a sake fasalin abin da ake bukata domin baiwa kasashen CFA 'yancin tattalin arziki. 

 Farashin musayar 

 Nassoshi 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

  Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) (Official Site of the West African Economic and Monetary Union)
 West African CFA franc Banknotes
 West African CFA franc Coins
 "The Many Varieties of West African States Banknotes"  by Weldon D. Burson
 "The exchange rate of the CFA Franc BCEAO"  (XOF)
Category:Kudi
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