Ciwon Tafki

kaikayin tafki, cercarial dermatitis ko schistosome dermatitis cuta ce ta rashin lafiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci da ke samun  fatar jikin mutum wanda ya kamu da kwayar cutar  Tsargiya  na ruwa, nau'in flatworm . Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin ruwan koramu, ƙanƙara da wuraren zama na ruwa a duniya.  Abubuwan da ke faruwa na wannan yanayin na iya karuwa, ko da yake ana iya danganta wannan ga ingantacciyar kulawa da bayar da rahoto akan abinda ke faruwa . Duk da haka, ana ɗaukar yanayin a matsayin cuta  wadda take tasowa yanzu . "Avian Schistosome Biodiversity". www.schistosomes.net. Retrieved 2016-03-07.

Babban alamar ita ce kuraje ƙaiƙayi (fatar da ta tashi) wanda yawanci ke faruwa a cikin kwanaki 2, na kamuwa da cuta. Da farko,  kurajen  suna girma da sauri, sannan su juya zuwa macula(wani nau'in kurji) a cikin kusan rabin sa'a. A cikin sa'o'i 10, zuwa 12, waɗannan sun zama papules masu ƙaiƙayi waɗanda ke kaiwa ga mafi muni a rana ta biyu ko ta uku. Papules suna ɓacewa a cikin makonni 1-2, to amma sakamakon na biyu daga karce na iya ci gaba da tsayi. Ƙunƙarar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazanta, wanda ke tasowa bayan sa'o'i 48-72, yana hade da zafi da kumburin wuraren da aka shafa. "Avian Schistosome Biodiversity". www.schistosomes.net. Retrieved 2016-03-07. Mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar cercaria  akai-akai suna haɓaka alamun bayyanar cututtuka tare da farawa da sauri. Bonamonte, D.; Romita, P.; Vestita, M.; Angelini, G. (2016). "Dermatitis Caused by Aquatic Worms". In Bonamonte, D.; Angelini, G. (eds.). Aquatic Dermatology. Springer. p. 142. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40615-2_9. ISBN 978-3-319-40615-2

Babu wani tasiri na dindindin ga mutane daga wannan yanayin. Macháček, Tomáš; Turjanicová, Libuše; Bulantová, Jana; Hrdý, Jiří; Horák, Petr; Mikeš, Libor (2018-10-09). "Cercarial dermatitis: a systematic follow-up study of human cases with implications for diagnostics". Parasitology Research. 117 (12): 3881–3895. doi:10.1007/s00436-018-6095-0. ISSN 0932-0113. PMID 30302587. S2CID 52945883 maganin Hydroxyzine da baki, wanda yake maganin antihistamine, wani lokaci ana rubutashi don magance ƙaiƙayi na masu iyo da irin wannan rashin lafiyar dermal. Bugu da ƙari, yin wanka a cikin oatmeal, soda burodi, ko gishiri na Epsom kuma na iya ba da taimako na bayyanar cututtuka. In CDC. "Swimmers Itch FAQS." retrieved May 12, 2014

 Abinda ke kawo cuta. 
200px|right|thumb|kwayar cutar ciwon tafki
An san ciwon tafki  tun farkon karni na 19, amma sai a shekara ta 1928, wani masanin halitta ya gano cewa ciwon fatar na tafkin  ya faru ne ta hanyar tsutsa na rukuni na tsutsotsi a cikin iyali Schistosomatidae . In CDC. "Swimmers Itch FAQS." retrieved May 12, 2014 Abubuwan da aka fi dangantawa da ƙaiƙayi na masu iyo a cikin mutane sune Trichobilharzia "Swimmer's Itch in Michigan" (PDF). State of Michigan. 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2015 da Gigantobilharzia . Hakanan yana iya samuwa  ta hanyar schistosome parasites na vertebrates waɗanda ba avian ba, irin su Schistosomatium douthitti, wanda ke cutar da katantanwa da rodents . Sauran haraji da aka ruwaito sun haifar da dauki sun hada da Bilharziella polonica da Schistooma bovis . A cikin mahalli na ruwa, musamman tare da bakin teku, ƙaiƙayi na masu iyo na iya faruwa kuma. Brant S, Cohen A, James D, Hui L, Hom A, Loker E (2010). "Cercarial Dermatitis Transmitted by Exotic Marine Snail". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (9): 1357–65. doi:10.3201/eid1609.091664. PMC 3294964. PMID 20735918

Wadannan kwayoyin cuta  suna amfani da katantanwa na ruwa da katantanwa a matsayin runduna a cikin yanayin rayuwarsu kamar haka:
200px|right|thumb|yanayin rayuwar kwayar cutar ciwon tafki

 Da zarar an nutsar da kwai na schistosome cikin ruwa, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba ciyarwa ba, matakin rayuwa mai 'yanci wanda aka sani da miracidium ya fito. Miracidium yana amfani da cilia don bin abubuwan sinadarai da na zahiri da ake tunanin zai ƙara yuwuwar samun babban masaukin baki na farko a cikin tsarin rayuwarsa, katantanwa na ruwa mai daɗi .
 Bayan kamuwa da katantanwa, yana tasowa zuwa uwa sporocyst, wanda hakan yana haifar da haifuwa na jima'i, wanda ya haifar da adadi mai yawa na 'ya'ya mata, wanda ba tare da jima'i ba ya haifar da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, matakin rayuwa kyauta, cercaria .
 Cercariae yana amfani da abin da ke kama da wutsiya (sau da yawa ana cokali mai yatsa a cikin nau'in halitta yana haifar da ƙaiƙayi na masu iyo) don yin iyo zuwa saman ruwa; kuma a yi amfani da alamu na zahiri da na sinadarai iri-iri domin gano na gaba kuma na ƙarshe (tabbatacciyar) mai masaukin baki a cikin zagayowar rayuwa, tsuntsu. Waɗannan tsutsa na iya haɗuwa da fatar ɗan wasan ninkaya da gangan. Cercaria yana shiga cikin fata kuma ya mutu a cikin fata nan da nan. Cercariae ba zai iya cutar da mutane ba, amma suna haifar da amsawar rigakafi . Wannan yanayin yana haifar da ƙaiƙayi masu ƙaiƙayi da farko a fata. A cikin sa'o'i, waɗannan tabo sun zama papules masu tasowa waɗanda suke da ƙaiƙayi. Kowane papule yayi daidai da wurin shigar parasite guda ɗaya.
 Bayan gano wani tsuntsu, kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin fata (yawanci ƙafafu), yana zubar da wutsiya mai yatsa a cikin tsari. A cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini, tsutsotsin da ba su da girma ( schistosomula ) suna tasowa zuwa tsutsotsi maza da mata masu girma, ma'aurata da ƙaura ta hanyar tsarin jini na mai watsa shiri (ko tsarin jin tsoro idan akwai T. regenti ) zuwa wuri na ƙarshe (jijiya da ke ciyar da gastrointestinal tract) a ciki. jikin mai gida. A nan ne suke sanya ƙwai a cikin ƙananan jijiyoyi a cikin maƙarƙashiya na hanji daga cikin su suna shiga cikin lumen na hanji, kuma a jefa su cikin ruwa lokacin da tsuntsu ya yi bayan gida. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'in Turai, Trichobilharzia regenti, a maimakon haka yana cutar da ƙwayoyin hanci na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye da tsutsa daga ƙwai kai tsaye a cikin nama yayin shan / ciyar da tsuntsaye masu cutar. Brant S, Cohen A, James D, Hui L, Hom A, Loker E (2010). "Cercarial Dermatitis Transmitted by Exotic Marine Snail". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (9): 1357–65. doi:10.3201/eid1609.091664. PMC 3294964. PMID 20735918

 Abubuwan daka iya taimakawa wurin kamuwar ciwo. 
Yawancin mutane suna kamuwa da cutar bayan yin iyo a cikin koguna, tafkuna ko tafkuna masu tafiya a hankali. Wasu bincike  dakin gwaje-gwaje sun nuna katantanwa suna zubar da cercariae sosai da safe da kuma ranakun rana, kuma shiga cikin  ruwa a cikin waɗannan yanayi na iya ƙara haɗari. Tsawon lokacin yin iyo yana da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a Turai Chamot E, Toscani L, Rougemont A (1998). "Public health importance and risk factors for cercarial dermatitis associated with swimming in Lake Leman at Geneva, Switzerland". Epidemiol. Infect. 120 (3): 305–14. doi:10.1017/S0950268898008826. PMC 2809408. PMID 9692609 da Arewacin Amurka, Leighton BJ, Zervos S, Webster JM (2000). "Ecological factors in schistosome transmission, and an environmentally benign method for controlling snails in a recreational lake with a record of schistosome dermatitis". Parasitol. Int. 49 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1016/S1383-5769(99)00034-3. PMID 10729712 da ruwa mara zurfi na iya ɗaukar nauyin cercariae sama da buɗaɗɗen ruwa a bakin teku. Ana tsammanin iskar da ke kan teku za ta sa cercariae ta taru tare da bakin teku. Leighton BJ, Zervos S, Webster JM (2000). "Ecological factors in schistosome transmission, and an environmentally benign method for controlling snails in a recreational lake with a record of schistosome dermatitis". Parasitol. Int. 49 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1016/S1383-5769(99)00034-3. PMID 10729712 Nazarin tafkuna da barkewar annoba a Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun gano lokuta inda haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ya bayyana a ko'ina ya rarraba a kusa da gefen ruwa  da kuma lokutan da haɗarin ke ƙaruwa a cikin ƙaiƙayi na masu iyo "masu zafi".  Yara na iya kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar akai-akai kuma fiye da manya amma wannan yana iya nuna halinsu na yin iyo na tsawon lokaci a cikin teku, inda cercariae kuma ke maida hankali. Verbrugge LM, Rainey JJ, Reimink RL, Blankespoor HD (2004). "Prospective study of swimmer's itch incidence and severity". J. Parasitol. 90 (4): 697–704. doi:10.1645/GE-237R. PMID 15357056. S2CID 43205388 Abubuwan ƙarfafawa don shiga cikin mahaifa cikin fata mai masauki sun haɗa da fatty acids marasa ƙarfi, kamar linoleic da linolenic acid. Ana samun waɗannan mahimman fatty acid a yawancin amfanin gona da ake ci, da man shuka da aka samu, da man rana da man shafawa dangane da mai.

 Manazarta.