Tashohin jini

thumb


Tasoshin jini sune abubuwan d suka shafi tsarin zagayen jini wanda ke jigilar jini a cikin jikin dan-Adam.  Wadannan tasoshin suna jigilar kwayoyin jini, kayan abinci, da iskar oxygen zuwa namar jikin mutum. Hakanan suna ɗaukar abubuwan da jiki baya bukarta da carbon dioxide daga gabban tissue. Ana buƙatar tasoshin jini don ci gaba da rayuwa, saboda dukkanin gabobin tissues na jiki sun dogara da ayyukan su. 

Akwai nau'ikan tasoshin jini guda biyar: arteries, wadanda ke fitar da jini daga zuciya ; arterioles ; capillaries, inda musayar ruwa da sinadarai tsakanin jini da tissues ke faruwa; venules ; da veins, waɗanda ke ɗaukar jini daga capillaries zuwa zuciya.

Kalmar vascular, ma'anar da ke da alaka da tasoshin jini, ta samo asali ne daga Latin vas, ma'ana rumbu. Wasu tsaruka - irin su guringuntsi, epithelium, da lens da cornea na ido - ba su da alaka da tasoshin jini kuma ana masu lakabi da avascular .

 Ma'anonin kalmomi 

 artery: Turancin karshen Tsakiyar Zamani; daga Latin arteria, daga Girkanci artēria, mai yiwuwa daga airein ("tasowa")
 vein - jijiya : Turancin Tsakiyar Zamani; daga tsohuwar Faransanci veine, daga Latin vena. Abubuwan da aka sani na farko sune "tashohin jini" da "kananan tashar ruwa ta karkashin kasa".
 capillary : tsakiyar karni na 17; daga Latin capillaris, daga capillus ("gashi"), ya samo tushe daga Tsohon Faransanci capillaire .

 Tsari 
Jijiyoyin j wato atteries da veins suna da shimfidu guda uku. Shimfida ta tsakiya ta fi kauri a cikin wadannan jinjiyoyin jini wato arteries fiye da yadda a cikin jijiyoyin - veins:

 Shimfida ta ciki, tunica intima, itace shimfida mafi siranta daga ciki. Nau'i ce ta kwayar halittar sel mai shimfida guda ɗaya ( mai sauƙi squamous epithelium ) wanda aka manne ta hanyar polysaccharide intercellular matrix, kuma an kewaye ta da wata shimfida mara kauri na subendothelial connective tissue an nannade ta tare da wani nau'i na abubuwa da suke a zagaye wanda ake kira da internal elastic lamina. Wani siririn membrane mai talewa a cikin tunica intima yana tafiya daidai da wannan rumbu na jini.
 Shimfida ta tsakiya tunica media itace mafi kauri a cikin shimfidun na jijiyoyin arteries. Ta ƙunshi wani nau'in elastic fiber, connective tissue, da abubuwan polysaccharide, Shimfida ta biyu da ta uku an raba su da wani bandeji mai kauri da ake kira lamina wanda ke talewa ta waje. Kafofin tunica media na iya zama wadatattu (musamman a cikin arteries) da tsoka masu santsi na jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke sarrafa ma'aunin tashohin jini. Jijiyoyin ba su da lamina mai talewa ta waje, amma na ciki ne kawai. Tashohin tunica media sun fi kauri a cikin arteries maimakon veins.
 Layer na waje itace tunica adventitia kuma itace shimfida mafi kauri acikin veins. An yi shi gaba ɗaya da connective tissue. Har ila yau, ta ƙunshi jijiyoyi waɗanda kejigilar jini da kuma kayan abinci na gina jiki ( vasa vasorum ) a cikin manyan hanyoyin jini.

Capillaries sun ƙunshi nau'in shimfida guda ɗaya na endothelial cell tare da subendothelium mai goyan baya wanda ya ƙunshi membrane na ginshiƙi da nama mai haɗi.
 Ire-ire 
Akwai ire-iren tashohin jini daban daban:
 Arteries
 Elastic arteries
 Distributing arteries
 Arterioles
 Capillaries (smallest blood vessels)
 Venules
 Veins
 Manyan tashohin jini, irinsu subclavian vein, jugular vein, renal vein da kuma iliac vein.
 Venae cavae (jijiyoyin veins guda biyu mafi girma, suna daukar jini zuwa zuciya).
 Sinusoids
 Kananan tashohin jini da ke a tsakanin bone marrow, da spleen, da kuma hanta.
 Amfani 
Muhimmin amfanin tashoshin jini shine sufurin Jini. A dunkule, jijiyoyi da arterioles suna sufurin jini mai dauke da oxygen daga Huhu zuwa jiki da sauran gabobin jiki, sa'annan kuma jijiyoyin veins suna daukar jini da bai dauke da oxygen (wato - deoxygenated blood) daga sassan jiki zuwa huhu. Har ila yau, tashohin jini (artery) suna zagayar da jini zuwa daukakin Circulatory system. Iskar Oxygen (wanda ke alaka da hemoglobin acikin red blood cells) shine nau'in kayan abinci na gina jiki mafii muhimmanci da jinin ke dauka. A cikin dukkanin wadannan jijiyoyi, amma banda Pulmonary artery, kowannensu cike yake makil da hemoglobin (95–100%)  da kuma oxygen. A cikin dukkanin jijiyoyin veins su ma, amma banda  pulmonary vein, adadin yawan Hemoglobin ya kai kusan kashi 75%. (Adadin suna zama ko akasin hakan acikin  pulmonary circulation). Bayan sufurin iskar oxygen, har ila yau jini yana daukar hormones, abubuwan da jiki baya bukata, da kuma sinadaran gina jiki daga cikin kwayoyin halittar jiki.

Tashoshin jini ba kai tsaye suke gudanar da sufurin jini ba. An tunkuda jini cikin jijiyoyin arteries da arterioles ta hanyar wani matsin lamba wanda bugun zuciya ke haifarwa. Har ila yau, tashoshin jini suna sufurin jajayen kwayoyin jini - red blood cells wanda ke dauke da iskar oxygen da jiki ke bukata don gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullum. Adadin jajayen kwayoyin sel da ke cikin tashoshin jinin mutum na da illa ga lafiyarsa. Ana iya gudanar da gwajin Hematocrit don lissafa adadin yawan jajayen kwayoyin sel acikin jinin mutum. Idan adadin yayi yawa sosai ka iya haifar da matsalar ruwan jiki  wato dehydration ko kuma cututtukan zuciya, yayin da karancinsa kuma na iya haifar da cutar Anemia ko kuma asarar jini na tsawon lokaci.
 Girman Tashar jinin 
Jijiyoyin Arteries— da veins zuwa wani matsayi— sukan iya sarrafa girman cikinsu hadewar shimfidar jijiya. Hakan yana sanya gudanar jini zuwa gabobin da ke kasa, kuma hakan ya danganta da tsarin autonomic nervous system.

Girman wadannan tashoshin jini sun bambanta a tsakaninsu. Sun fara daga girman dayamita na 25 millimeters a aorta, zuwa 8 micrometers acikin capillaries. Wannan yana fitowa har zuwa ninki 3000.  Vasoconstriction shine matsewar tashar jini (zama karama) ta hanyar matsewar jijiyar vascular smooth muscle a jikin bangon tashar jini. Vasoconstrictors (abubuwan da ke janyo vasoconstriction) ne ke sarrafa ta. 

 Gudanar jini 
Tsarin circulatory system yana amfani da tashoshin jini wajen jigilar jini zuwa sassa daban daban na jiki. Wannan na faruwa ne a dalilin gabobin dama da na hagu da ke aiki a tare wajen tabbatar da gudanar jini zuwa huhu da wasu sassan jikin mutum. Jinin da ke dauke da karancin oxygen yana shiga gefen zuciya ta dama ta cikin waje jijiyoyi manya guda biyu. Jinin da ke cike makil da iskar oxygen daga huhu tana shiga gefen hagu cikin aorta zuwa sauran sassan jiki. Capillaries ke da alhakin barin jini ya samu oxygen ta hanyar wasu 'yan kananan ramuka acikin huhu. Haka zalika, wannan ma yana faruwa acikin huhu inda ake kirkirar jini.

Ana auna tunkudar jini a cikin tashohin jini a matsayin millimetres of mercury (1 mmHg = 133 Pa). Acikin tsarin Artey ya kan kai kimanin 120 mmHg (high pressure wave a dalilin motsin zuciya) da kuma 80 mmHg (low pressure wave). Bambancin kuma, tumkuda acikin jijiyoyin veins madawwama ne mawuyaci ne su wuce 10 mmHg.

Tsawon tashar jini itace gabaki daya tsawon tashar jini idan aka auna daga zuciya. 

 Cuta 
Tashoshin jini suna taka muhimmiyar rawa acikin akalla kowanne yanayi da lafiya. Misali, cancer bata iya yaduwa har sai kumburin ya janyo angiogenesis {kirkirar sabbin tashoshin jini) don isar da harkokin ruwa da kwayoyin halitta ke bukata.  Atherosclerosis wanda ke nufin ruftawar tashoshin jini a dalilin ginuwar plaque - samuwar wasu sabbin abubuwa acikin jijiyoyin veins, da kuma coronary artery disease wanda ke biyo bayan hakan kan janyo, heart attack, ko kuma cardiac arrest kuma shine abinda yafi komai kashe mutane a duniya, wanda ya yanyo mutuwar akalla mutum miliyan 8.9 ko kuma kaso 16% na gabaki daya adadin mace-mace a duniya.   

Manazarta