Lillie Rose Ernst

Lillie Rose Ernst (Satumba 14,1870 - Disamba 6,1943) malama Ba'amurke ce. Ita ce jagorar Potters,ƙungiyar mata masu fasaha a farkon karni na 20 a St.Louis, Missouri, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama mataimakiyar Sufurtantan koyarwa a tsarin makarantun jama'a na St.Louis.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Lillie Rose Ernst a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1870,a St.Louis. Gidanta 'yar aji tsakiya ce kuma ita ce auta a cikin yara shida. Ta fara halartar Makarantar Clay da Makarantar Ames, sannan Makarantar Sakandare ta Tsakiya. Ta tafi Jami'ar Washington a St.Louis,inda ta kammala karatun magna cum laude a 1892,daya daga cikin mata goma sha biyu na farko da suka sauke karatu daga wannan kwaleji.   
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Ta kasance memba na Phi Beta Kappa.A matsayinta na memba mai kafa kuma mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar tsofaffin daliban Jami'ar Washington,ta sami digiri na girmamawa na MA a 1907.  

 Sana'a 
Ernst ya kasance malamin botany a Makarantar Sakandare ta Tsakiya sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba a Makarantar Elementary ta Cote Brilliante daga 1907 zuwa 1920.A cikin 1920 ta gaya wa ɗalibanta:Lokacin wasanmu ne ya kamata ya sa mu sake yin halitta,sha'awar aiki,farin ciki don rayuwa,filayen tunani koyaushe,zurfafa zurfafa tunani na rai,girmamawa,da haɓakar hankali da fahimtar gaskiya da kyau da doka.A cikin 1920 ta zama mataimakiyar Sufurtanda na koyarwa,mace ta farko da ta rike mukami a tsarin Makarantun Jama'a na St.Louis.Wasu gungun shugabanni maza sun shirya adawa da Ernst,suna imani kamar yadda aka ce, tallata mace a matsayin Sufeto"zai kawo cikas ga tsarin makaranta".Muzaharar jama'a ta biyo baya,karkashin jagorancin kungiyoyin mata kamar kungiyar mata masu kada kuri'a da mambobin hukumar makarantar,kuma an samu nasarar nadinta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. A shekara ta 1926 an rage mata matsayin shugabar makaranta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Mark Twain,inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu lakabin "shugaba"a babbar makarantar gwamnati. Ta dawo don zama mataimakiyar Sufeto na koyarwa a cikin 1929 har zuwa 1934, kuma an sake rage mata matsayi zuwa shugabar makarantar Blewett a 1934. Wannan matsayi na karshe da ta rike har zuwa 1941,lokacin da ta yi ritaya tana da shekaru 70.A yayin da take mataimakiyar Sufurtanda na koyarwa ta bayar da shawarar yin garambawul ga hukumar ilimi,don inganta karatun dalibai a manyan makarantu da kuma samar da tsarin fansho ga malaman da suka yi ritaya. Domin ba ta yi nasarar kafa fansho ga malamai ba,sai ta dauki hutu maimakon ta yi ritaya ba tare da lada ba.    

 Membobi 
ata Masu Zaɓuɓɓuka, Ƙungiyar Audubon ta Ƙasa,da Ƙungiyar Dan Adam.Ta kasance memba mai daraja ta Laraba Club.  Ta kasance daital(kuma memba na hukumar),da Urban League of St. an hukumar). A cikin 1931 Ernst an jera shi ta Ƙungiyar Talla ta Mata a cikin manyan mata 10 na St. Louis. 

 Masu Tukwane 
Ernst ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga The Potters,ƙungiyar mata masu fasaha na yau da kullum da suka wuce shekarun matasa zuwa farkon shekaru ashirin, wanda ya buga mujallar fasaha da wallafe-wallafen kowane wata da ake kira The Potter's Wheel tsakanin 1904 da 1907. Haka Potters sun bayyana kansu a matsayin"masu bautar gumaka suna bauta wa Amazon mai launin rawaya";sun kira mai ba su jagoranci Ernst"mai farin ciki mai farin ciki ... tauraron rayuwarmu."   

Masu tukwane sun haɗa da:

 Sara Teasdale (1884-1933) (mawaki)
 Caroline Risque (1883-1952) (mai zane)
 Petronelle Sombart (1897-1949) (mai fasaha)
 Grace Parrish (1882-1954) (mai daukar hoto) da Williamina Parrish (1880-1940) (mai daukar hoto) ( 'Yan uwan Parish )
 Vine Colby (marubuci)
 Inez Dutro (marubuci)
 Celia Harris (marubuci)
 Edna Wahlert (marubuci)
 Guida Richey (b. 1881) (marubuci)

Teasdale ya sadaukar da sonnet ga Ernst wanda ya fara:

 Rayuwa ta sirri 
Gidan Ernst a kan 6058 Kingsbury Boulevard,St.Louis,wanda aka gina a 1910,an tsara shi ta hanyar injiniya Francis De Menil.Yana daga cikin gundumar Tarihi ta Skinker DeBaliviere.

Ernst ba ta yi aure ba kuma ta zauna tare da ƴan uwanta mata biyu da ba su yi aure ba.A kan halin Ernst,Williame Drake ya rubuta a cikin 1989:Kyakkyawar a cikin rigar rigar sitaci da gilashin zinari, tsananin manufa,da aikace-aikacen da ba a daina aiki ba. Ko daya daga cikin abubuwan sha'awarta,hawan dutse,ya kasance mai wahala. Ta kasance kusa da Leonora Halsted, marubuci kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Dan Adam,wanda,ya mutu a 1929,ya bar $ 20,000 zuwa Ernst a"yabo da kulawa ta sadaukarwa...da kuma ƙaunata ta dawwama"Saboda wannan dalili,Ernst ya ƙirƙiri Leonora B.Halsted Scholarship ga ɗaliban da ke bukata a Jami'ar Washington. Ernst ya mutu a St. Louis,ranar 6 ga Disamba,1943. 

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami'ar Washington

 Bayanan kula 

 Nassoshi 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 


Category:Matattun 1943