Kamfanonin mallakar gwamnati na Afirka ta Kudu

A Afirka ta Kudu Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Jama'a ita ce wakilin masu hannun jari na Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kuducompanies  "State Owned Companies" , Department of Public Enterprises, Republic of South Africa. Retrieved 2017-01-28. tare da alhakin sa ido kan kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati a muhimman sassa. Wasu kamfanoni ba Sashen Kamfanonin Gwamnati ne ke sarrafa su kai tsaye ba, sai dai wasu sassa daban-daban. Bugu da ari, ba duk mallakar jihar ba ne ake yiwa rijista a matsayin kamfanoni.

Kamfanonin mallakar gwamnati suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Kudu . A muhimman sassa kamar wutar lantarki, sufuri (iska, jirgin kasa, sufurin jiragen sama, da bututun mai), da kuma sadarwa, SOEs na taka rawar gani, wanda a lokuta da yawa doka ta bayyana, duk da cewa an ba da damar yin gasa mai iyaka a wasu sassa (watau sadarwa da iska). Sha'awar gwamnati a cikin wadannan sassa sau da yawa yana yin takara da kuma hana saka hannun jari na kasashen waje. 

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwancin Jama'a ta fito fili ta bayyana cewa ya kamata kamfanonin Afirka ta Kudu su inganta sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, masana'antu da kuma maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki. DPE yana da alhakin kulawa gaba ɗaya ko a wani ɓangare na shida daga cikin kusan 700 SOEs waɗanda ke wanzu a matakan ƙasa, larduna, da ƙananan hukumomi: Alexkor (lu'u-lu'u), Denel (kayan aikin soja), Eskom (ƙararr wutar lantarki), Transnet (shirar jirgin ƙasa da pipelines) South African Express, Afirka ta Kudu Kamfanin Gandun daji (SAFCOL) ( gandun daji), Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Afirka ta Kudu . Waɗannan SOE ɗin guda bakwai suna ɗaukar aiki kusan mutane 105,000. Kashi 21% na jarin da aka zuba jarin jahohin ya kai kashi 63% (kashe kashi 16 cikin dari na kudaden da gwamnati ta kashe). IMF ta yi kiyasin cewa bashin na SOEs zai kara kashi 13.5% ga bashin kasa baki daya. 

 Tarihi 
An kafa kamfanoni da dama mallakin gwamnati a zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata domin dakile tasirin takunkumin kasa da kasa kan kasar. Da farko dai gwamnatin ANC ta sayar da hannayen jari a kamfanonin, kuma ta rage harajin shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje. An sauya matakan ne bayan adawar COSATU da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu .  A shekara ta 2007, kawancen kungiyoyi da masu ra'ayin gurguzu a cikin jam'iyyar ANC sun tsige shugaba Thabo Mbeki, inda suka maye gurbinsa da Jacob Zuma .  Sabuwar manufar ta ANC na da nufin fadada rawar da kungiyar SOE ke takawa a fannin tattalin arziki, bisa koyi da kasar Sin. 

Duk da cewa a shekarar 2015 da 2016, manyan shugabannin gwamnati sun tattauna batun ba wa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu damar saka hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni sama da 700 na gwamnati, kuma a kwanan baya sun fitar da rahoton kwamitin da shugaban kasa ya kafa kan SOE, wanda ya yi kira da a mayar da kungiyar ta SOE zuwa kasa, amma babu wani takamaimi da aka dauka. an dauki kan batun tukuna. 

 Matsalolin kudi da rashawa 
Ya zuwa karshen gwamnatin Zuma a shekarar 2018 cin hanci da rashawa a tsakanin wasu kamfanoni mallakin gwamnatin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da wasu mutane masu alaka da gwamnati irinsu iyalan Gupta da ke da cece-kuce ya janyo wa kamfanoni da dama fuskantar matsalar kudi.  Zurfafa al'amurran kudi, rashin gudanar da mulki, rashin gudanar da mulki da kuma bailouts na gwamnati na kamfanoni irin su Kamfanin Watsa Labarun Afirka ta Kudu,    South African Airways, Eskom,   Denel,   PRASA,  da kuma Transnet sun haifar da karuwar yawan jama'a. A karshen shekarar 2015-2016 hade da lamunin gwamnati kan basussukan da kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati ke bi ya kai R467 biliyan (kwatankwacin dalar Amurka biliyan 33.1) kuma ana sa ran ya kai R500 biliyan nan da shekarar 2020 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 10 na GDP na Afirka ta Kudu.  An yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki a Eskom a matsayin mai tsanani har ya jagoranci jaridar kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu don yin hasashen cewa zai iya haifar da rikicin banki na kasa .  A cikin 2021 Baitul-mali na Afirka ta Kudu ya ba da rahoton cewa Jirgin saman Afirka ta Kudu ya tara jimillar asara tsakanin 2008 da 2020 na R32 biliyan (dalar Amurka biliyan 2.1) kuma ya sami jimillar R60 biliyan (dalar Amurka biliyan 4) a cikin garantin gwamnati .

 Lissafin tebur 
Dokar Gudanar da Kudi ta Jama'a ta bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan ƙungiyoyin jama'a guda uku. Jadawalin kungiyoyi 1 sun yi sulhu da Cibiyoyin Tsarin Mulki da suka hada da Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta da Mai Kare Jama'a da sauransu. Jadawalin ɓangarorin 2 an jera su a matsayin Manyan Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a kuma suna da ikon yancin kai fiye da Jigila 3. Jadawalin ɓangarorin 2 an jera su a ƙasa. Jadawalin ɓangarorin 3 an raba su zuwa:

 Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a na Ƙasa - waɗanda gabaɗaya suna aiki a matsayin hukumomi na musamman ko ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu irin su Kamfanoni da Hukumar Kula da Kayayyakin Hankali, Majalisar Binciken Kimiyyar Dan Adam da Asusun Hatsarin Hanya ;
 Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Gwamnati na Ƙasa - waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin kasuwancin neman riba ciki har da Majalisar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu, Hukumar Railway Fasinja ta Afirka ta Kudu da Rand Water ;
 Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a na Lardi - waɗanda ke da mai da hankali kan lardi da aiki a matsayin hukumomin lardi kamar Hukumar Gudanar da Gautrain da sauran lardunan caca da allunan giya;
 Kamfanonin Kasuwancin Gwamnatin Lardi - waɗanda kasuwancin ne na neman riba wanda gwamnatin lardi ke sarrafawa kuma sun haɗa da Yankin Raya Masana'antu na Richards Bay da Yankin Gabashin Masana'antu na London .

+List of South African Schedule 2 Major Public Entities. FY2019/2020 Data.NameIndustryNotesEmployeesRevenueProfit/(Loss)Ownership typeEstablishedAir Traffic and Navigation Services CompanyAir Traffic ControlManages air traffic and navigation within South Africa and part of the Southern Indian and Atlantic OceansR1.673bnR0.067bnFully state owned1993Airports Company South Africa (ACSA)Airport managementOwner and operator of major airports.3,110R2.86bnR0.23bn74.6% state owned1993AlexkorMiningDiamond mining.859R0.2bnR0.03bnFully state owned1992Armscor (South Africa)Arms procurementArms procurement agency for the SANDF.1,467R1.75bnR0.23bnFully state owned1968Broadband InfracoTelecommunicationsLong distance & international internet connectivity.166R0.41bn(R0.01bn)Fully state owned2007Central Energy FundResearch & DevelopmentEnergy development. Parent company of PetroSA.2,107R13.2bn(R0.45bn)Fully state owned1954DenelArms procurementArmaments manufacturer.3,968R3.76bn(R1.75bn)Fully state owned1992Development Bank of Southern AfricaBankingFunding for social and economic infrastructure.492R5.6bnR3.1bnFully state owned1983EskomPublic utilityElectrical production, transmission and distribution monopoly.46,665R179.8bn(R20.7bn)Fully state owned1923Independent Development TrustSocial DevelopmentSupports education, housing, health services and business development projects (not profit-seeking)279R0.162bn(R0.107bn)Fully state owned1990 (reconfigured 1999)Industrial Development Corporation of South AfricaIndustrial DevelopmentShareholder in numerous companies and subsidiariesR12.240bn(R3.bn)Fully state owned1940Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South AfricaAgricultural FinanceDevelopment finance for farmersR5.032bn(R2.124bn)Fully state owned1912South African Broadcasting CorporationBroadcastingSouth African public service broadcaster3,167R6.4bn(R0.6bn)Fully state owned1936South African ExpressTransportRegional airline980Fully state owned1994South African Forestry CompanyForestryManages forestry on state owned land2,363R0.93bn(R0.08bn)Fully state owned1992South African Nuclear Energy CorporationEnergyManages the Pelindaba research reactor1,400R2.702bn(0.131bn)Fully state owned1999 (in current form)South African Post OfficePostal servicesNational postal services18,119R4.5bn(R0.9bn)Fully state owned1991South African AirwaysTransportInternational airline10,071R30.7bn(R5.4bn)Fully state owned1934Telkom SATelecommunicationsNational telephone monopoly18,286R41bnR4.9bn55.3% state owned1991Trans-Caledon Tunnel AuthorityPublic utilityWater transport authority141R2.3bnR2.1bnFully state owned1986TransnetTransportRailways, harbours, oil/fuel pipelines and terminals55,946R74bnR6.04bnFully state owned1990
+Jerin sauran manyan hukumomin jama'a na Afirka ta Kudu (Jadawalin 3) da kamfanonin da jihar ke da hannun jari. Bayanan FY2019/2020. Suna Masana'antu Bayanan kula Ma'aikata Haraji Riba/(Asara) Nau'in mallaka An kafa Majalisar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu Bincike &amp; Ci gaba Ƙungiyar bincike ta ƙasa 3,000 R2.5bn R0.007bn Mallakar jihar cikakke 1945 Hukumar Fasinja ta Afirka ta Kudu Layukan dogo Ayyukan layin dogo na fasinja 16,350 R13.65bn (R1.69bn) Mallakar jihar cikakke 1990 PetroSA Makamashi Kamfanin mai da iskar gas na kasa 1,594 R10.3bn (R1.6bn) Mallakar jihar cikakke 1965 Farashin PBMR Bincike & Ci gaba Haɓaka fasahar makamashin nukiliyar Pebble Bed Modular Reactor 900 1994 Rand Ruwa Amfanin jama'a Mai amfani da ruwa don lardin Gauteng . 3,411 R13.4bn R3.15bn Mallakar jihar cikakke 1903 Sasol Makamashi Ƙwaƙwalwar kwal-liquefaction na duniya, tace man fetur da rarrabawa. 30,100 dalar Amurka biliyan 21.7 US $3.11bn 27.3% mallakar jihar (mafi yawa a kaikaice ta hanyar asusun fansho na ma'aikatan gwamnati) 1950 Sentech Sadarwa Kayan aikin sadarwa 531 R1.4bn R0.18bn Mallakar jihar cikakke 1996 National Parks na Afirka ta Kudu Kiyaye yanayi Mai shi kuma ma'aikacin wuraren shakatawa na kasa. 4,181 R2.6bn R0.2bn Mallakar jihar cikakke 1926 Hukumar kula da hanyoyi ta Afirka ta Kudu Kayan aiki Kulawa da haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙasa 397 R3,6bn R1.01bn Mallakar jihar cikakke 1998 Vodacom Sadarwa Sabis na salula 7,554 R86.4bn R24.5bn 13.9% na jihar "Here is Government’s shareholding in South African telecoms companies", mybroadband.co.za, 23 June 2015. 1994

 Cikakken jeri 
A halin yanzu akwai Kamfanoni na Jihohi 108 a Afirka ta Kudu 

 Accounting Standards Board
 Agricultural Research Council (ARC)
 Air Traffic and Navigation Services Company
 Airports Company South Africa (ACSA)
 Alexkor Limited
 Armaments Corporation of South Africa (ARMSCOR)
 Blind SA
 Brand South Africa
 Breede-Gouritz CMA
 Broadband Infraco
 Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa (BCCSA)
 Cape Town International Airport
 Central Energy Fund (CEF)
 Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration
 Commission for Employment Equity
 Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC)
 Compensation Fund
 Competition Commission (The)
 Competition Tribunal
 Council for Geoscience
 Council for Medical Schemes
 Council on Higher Education
 Denel (Pty) Ltd
 Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA)
 Eskom
 Estate Agency Affairs Board (The)
 Export Credit Insurance Corporation of South Africa (Ltd.)
 Film and Publication Board (FPB)
 Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA)
 Free State Development Corporation 
 Freedom Park
 Government Employees Medical Scheme (GEMS)
 Government Employees Pension Fund (GEPF)
 Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority (HWSETA)
 Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA)
 Housing Development Agency (HDA)
 Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)
 Independent Development Trust
 Industrial Development Corporation [Ltd] (IDC)
 Ingonyama Trust Board
 Institute of People Management (IPM)
 Ithala Development Finance Corporation (Ltd)
 Khula Enterprise Finance (Ltd)
 King Shaka International Airport
 Land Bank and Agriculture Bank of South Africa [ Land Bank ]
 Legal Aid South Africa
 Limpopo Economic Development Enterprise
 Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA)
 Mhlathuze Water
 Mining Qualification Authority
 Mintek (Council for Mineral Technology)
 National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI)
 National Agricultural Marketing Council
 National Archives of South Africa (NASA)
 National Arts Council of South Africa (NACSA)
 National Consumer Commission (The) (NCC)
 National Credit Regulator (NCR)
 National Development Agency (NDA)
 National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC)
 National Electronic Media of South Africa (NEMISA)
 National Empowerment Fund
 National Energy Regulator (NERSA)
 National Film and Video Foundation
 National Gambling Board of South Africa
 National Home Builders Registration Council (NHBRC)
 National House of Traditional Leaders 
 National Housing Finance Corporation (NHFC)
 National Lotteries Commission
 National Nuclear Regulator (NNR)
 National Peace Accord Trust (NPAT)
 National Ports Authority (NPA)
 National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS)
 National Youth Development Agency (NYDA)
 Nelson Mandela Museum
 North West Development Corporation
 OR Tambo International Airport
 Passenger Rail Agency of South African (PRASA)
 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Pty) Limited (PBMR)
 Perishable Products Export Control Board
 PetroSA (Pty) Ltd
 Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSIRA)
 Public Investment Corporation (PIC)
 Rand Water
 Refugee Appeal Board
 Road Accident Fund (RAF)
 Road Traffic Infringement Agency (RTIA)
 Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC)
 Robben Island Museum
 Safety and Security, Sector Education & Training Authority (SASSETA)
 Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA)
 Small Enterprise Finance Agency (SEFA)
 South African Agency For Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA)
 South African Airways (SAA)
 South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
 South African Bureau of Standards (SABS)
 South African Civil Aviation Authority
 South African Council for Educators (SACE)
 South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP)
 South African Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator
 South African Express
 South African Forestry Company (Ltd) (SAFCOL)
 South African Heritage Resources Agency
 South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport
 South African Library for the Blind
 South African Local Government Association (SALGA) 
 South African National Accreditation System
 South African National Council for the Blind
 South African National Parks (SANParks)
 South African National Road Agency
 South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd (NECSA)
 South African Post Office (SAPO)
 South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)
 South African Reserve Bank (SARB)
 South African Social Security Agency (SASSA)
 South African Special Risk Insurance Association (SASRIA)
 South African State Theatre - Pretoria
 South African Tourism
 South African Veterinary Council
 South African Weather Service (SAWS)
 Special Investigating Unit (SIU)
 State Information Technology Agency (SITA)
 Tax Ombud: South Africa
 Technology Innovation Agency
 Telkom SA (Ltd)
 Transnet (Ltd) 
 Universal Service Agency and Access of South Africa
 Water Research Commission (WRC)

 Nassoshi