Edward Thomas Ryan

Edward Thomas Ryan (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, 1962) masanin ilimin halitta ɗan Amurka ne, masanin rigakafi, kuma likita a Jami'ar Harvard da Babban Asibitin Massachusetts . Ryan ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2010. Ryan Farfesa ne na Immunology da Cututtuka masu Yaduwa a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan, Farfesa na Magunguna a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, da kuma Daraktan Cututtukan Cutar Duniya a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts. Binciken Ryan da na asibiti ya kasance akan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da zama a ciki, ƙaura daga, ko tafiya ta wuraren da ba su da iyaka.
Aikin binciken na Ryan ya mayar da hankali ne kan cututtuka masu saurin yanayi, masu tasowa da cututtuka na duniya, musamman fahimtar hulɗar masu kamuwa da cuta, da kuma danganta wannan ilimin ga ganowa, haɓakawa, da aiwatar da manyan bincike da alluran rigakafi. Musamman wuraren da aka mai da hankali sun hada da kwalara, typhoid, shigella, COVID-19 da yada cututtukan da mutane ke ketare kan iyakokin ƙasa da ƙasa.

 Sana'a 

 Farkon aiki da horo 
An haifi Ryan a birnin New York kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Horace Mann . Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyyar biochemical a Jami'ar Princeton . Ya sami digiri na uku a fannin likitanci daga Jami'ar Harvard. Ya yi aikin zama na likita da horar da zumunci kan cututtukan cututtuka a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts. Ryan ya sami ƙarin horo a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta London da Cibiyar Nazarin Cutar Cutar Zawo ta Duniya (ICDDRB) a Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ryan kuma ɗan ƙetare ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Al'umma da Magunguna, Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci na Jami'ar Columbia . Bayan horar da shi, Ryan ya shiga jami'ar Harvard da ma'aikatan babban asibitin Massachusetts. An nada shi Farfesa a Jami'ar Harvard a watan Afrilu, 2012. Ryan yana zaune a Wellesley, Massachusetts .

 Cutar Zawo na Kwalara 
Tare da Dr. Stephen Calderwood, Dr. Jason Harris, Dr. Regina LaRocque, Dr. Daniel Leung, Dr. Richelle Charles da abokan aiki a Harvard, da Dr. Firdausi Qadri da abokan aiki a ICDDRB, Ryan ya mayar da hankali ga ci gaba da fahimtar mai watsa shiri. -maganin kamuwa da cuta da na rigakafi a lokacin kwalara, cutar da ɗan adam ke takurawa wanda ya fi addabar talakawa a yankunan da ke da iyakacin albarkatu a duniya. Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Amurka tana tallafawa aikin binciken Ryan. Mahimman gudumawa sun haɗa da gano cewa sabanin tsarin da aka kafa a baya, cutar kwalara tana haifar da martani mai saurin kumburi a cikin mutane masu fama da cutar, kuma wannan martanin yana da alaƙa da girma da tsawon lokacin rigakafin cutar kwalara. Karlsson, Elinor K.; Harris, Jason B.; Tabrizi, Shervin; Rahman, Atiqur; Shlyakhter, Ilya; Patterson, Nick; O'Dushlaine, Colm; Schaffner, Stephen F.; Gupta, Sameer (2013-07-03). Arifuzzaman, Mohammad; Rashu, Rasheduzzaman; Leung, Daniel T.; Hosen, M. Ismail; Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Bhuiyan, M. Saruar; Rahman, Mohammad Arif; Khanam, Farhana; Saha, Amit (2012-08-01) Patel, Sweta M.; Rahman, Mohammad Arif; Mohasin, M.; Riyadh, M. Asrafuzzaman; Leung, Daniel T.; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Chowdhury, Fahima; Khan, Ashraful I.; Weil, Ana A. (2012-06-01). Ryan ya mayar da hankali sosai kan nazarin martanin rigakafi akan murfin polysaccharide na kwayoyin Vibrio cholerae, O-specific polysaccharide (OSP), yana aiki tare da Dr. Paul Kovac na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa. Johnson, Russell A.; Uddin, Taher; Aktar, Amena; Mohasin, M.; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Chowdhury, Fahima; Harris, Jason B.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Kelly Bufano, Meagan (2012-11-01). "Comparison of Immune Responses to the O-Specific Polysaccharide and Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladeshi Adult Patients with Cholera". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 19 (11): 1712–1721. Leung, Daniel T.; Uddin, Taher; Xu, Peng; Aktar, Amena; Johnson, Russell A.; Rahman, Mohammad Arif; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Bufano, Meagan Kelly; Eckhoff, Grace (2013-06-01). "Immune Responses to the O-Specific Polysaccharide Antigen in Children Who Received a Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 20 (6): 780–788. Martanin rigakafi ga OSP yana shiga tsakani kariya daga kwalara a cikin mutane, Patel, Sweta M.; Rahman, Mohammad Arif; Mohasin, M.; Riyadh, M. Asrafuzzaman; Leung, Daniel T.; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Chowdhury, Fahima; Khan, Ashraful I.; Weil, Ana A. (2012-06-01). "Memory B Cell Responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 Lipopolysaccharide Are Associated with Protection against Infection from Household Contacts of Patients with Cholera in Bangladesh da Ryan et al sun nuna cewa wannan kariyar tana da alaƙa da ƙarfin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke niyya V. cholerae OSP don hana ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun na wayar hannu daga yin iyo a cikin lumen na hanji. Charles, Richelle C.; Kelly, Meagan; Tam, Jenny M.; Akter, Aklima; Hossain, Motaher; Islam, Kamrul; Biswas, Rajib; Kamruzzaman, Mohammad; Chowdhury, Fahima; Khan, Ashraful I.; Leung, Daniel T. (2020-11-17). "Humans Surviving Cholera Develop Antibodies against Vibrio cholerae O-Specific Polysaccharide That Inhibit Pathogen Motility". mBio. 11 (6 Kauffman, Robert C.; Adekunle, Oluwaseyi; Yu, Hanyi; Cho, Alice; Nyhoff, Lindsay E.; Kelly, Meagan; Harris, Jason B.; Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Qadri, Firdausi; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Charles, Richelle C. (2021-04-20). "Impact of Immunoglobulin Isotype and Epitope on the Functional Properties of Vibrio cholerae O-Specific Polysaccharide-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies". mBio. 12 (2). doi:10.1128/mBio.03679-20. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 8092325. PMID 33879588 Wannan aikin ya sanar da ci gaban rigakafin rigakafin. Xu, Peng; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Kalsy, Anuj; Charles, Richelle C.; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Qadri, Firdausi; Ryan, Edward T.; Kováč, Pavol (2011-10-19). "A Simple, Direct Conjugation of Bacterial O-SP–Core Antigens to Proteins: Development of Cholera Conjugate Vaccines" Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Bufano, Megan Kelly; Xu, Peng; Kalsy, Anuj; Yu, Y.; Freeman, Y. Wu; Sultana, Tania; Rashu, Md. Rasheduzzaman; Desai, Ishaan (2014-02-06). "Evaluation in Mice of a Conjugate Vaccine for Cholera Made from Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa) O-Specific Polysaccharide". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (2): e2683. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002683. ISSN 1935-2727. OCLC 1052652955. PMC 3916310. PMID 24516685 Sayeed, Md. Abu; Bufano, Meagan Kelly; Xu, Peng; Eckhoff, Grace; Charles, Richelle C.; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Sultana, Tania; Rashu, Md. Rasheduzzaman; Berger, Amanda (2015-07-08). "A Cholera Conjugate Vaccine Containing O-specific Polysaccharide (OSP) of V. cholerae O1 Inaba and Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain (OSP:rTTHc) Induces Serum, Memory and Lamina Proprial Responses against OSP and Is Protective in Mice". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (7): e0003881 An ba Ryan lambar yabo ta MERIT daga NIH don tallafawa waɗannan ƙoƙarin.

 Typhoid 
Ƙoƙarin da Ryan ya yi a kan typhoid ya fi mayar da hankali kan yin amfani da manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su don tantance martanin ƙwayoyin cuta yayin zazzaɓin typhoid, gami da bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar, da kuma martanin rigakafin ɗan adam ga kamuwa da cuta. Harris, Jason B.; Baresch-Bernal, Andrea; Rollins, Sean M.; Alam, Ashfaqul; LaRocque, Regina C.; Bikowski, Margaret; Peppercorn, Amanda F.; Handfield, Martin; Hillman, Jeffery D. (2006-09-01). "Identification of in vivo-induced bacterial protein antigens during human infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi". Infection and Immunity. 74 (9): 5161–5168. Charles, Richelle C.; Sheikh, Alaullah; Krastins, Bryan; Harris, Jason B.; Bhuiyan, M. Saruar; LaRocque, Regina C.; Logvinenko, Tanya; Sarracino, David A.; Kudva, Indira T. (2010-08-01). Sheikh, Alaullah; Khanam, Farhana; Sayeed, Md. Abu; Rahman, Taibur; Pacek, Marcin; Hu, Yanhui; Rollins, Andrea; Bhuiyan, Md. Saruar; Rollins, Sean (2011-06-07). "Interferon-γ and Proliferation Responses to Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Proteins in Patients with S. Typhi Bacteremia in Dhaka, Bangladesh". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 5 (6): e1193. Wannan aiki na haɗin gwiwa tare da Charles da Qadri sun gano wani ma'aunin kwayar halitta na kwayar cutar bacillus wanda ke haifar da zazzaɓin typhoid (YncE; STY1479), Charles, Richelle C.; Sultana, Tania; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Yu, Yanan; Wu-Freeman, Ying; Bufano, Meagan Kelly; Rollins, Sean M.; Tsai, Lillian; Harris, Jason B. (2013-08-01). "Identification of Immunogenic Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Antigens Expressed in Chronic Biliary Carriers of S. Typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (8): e2335.  kuma ya haɗa da nazarin rubutun farko (bayanin kwayar halitta) na kwayar cutar kwayan cuta kai tsaye a cikin jini na wata cuta. kamuwa da mutum; Sheikh, Alaullah; Charles, Richelle C.; Rollins, Sean M.; Harris, Jason B.; Bhuiyan, Md. Saruar; Khanam, Farhana; Bukka, Archana; Kalsy, Anuj; Porwollik, Steffen (2010-12-07). "Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi A Gene Expression in the Blood of Bacteremic Patients in Bangladesh". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 4 (12): Sheikh, Alaullah; Charles, Richelle C.; Sharmeen, Nusrat; Rollins, Sean M.; Harris, Jason B.; Bhuiyan, Md. Saruar; Arifuzzaman, Mohammad; Khanam, Farhana; Bukka, Archana (2011-12-13). "In Vivo Expression of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Genes in the Blood of Patients with Typhoid Fever in Bangladesh". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 5 (12) aikin da aka yi a cikin mutane masu fama da typhoid da zazzabin paratyphoid a Bangladesh. Wannan aikin ya sanar da ci gaban tantancewar bincike. Khanam, Farhana; Sheikh, Alaullah; Sayeed, Md. Abu; Bhuiyan, Md. Saruar; Choudhury, Feroza Kaneez; Salma, Umme; Pervin, Shahnaz; Sultana, Tania; Ahmed, Dilruba (2013-07-11). "Evaluation of a Typhoid/Paratyphoid Diagnostic Assay (TPTest) Detecting Anti-Salmonella IgA in Secretions of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh" Charles, Richelle C.; Liang, Li; Khanam, Farhana; Sayeed, M. Abu; Hung, Chris; Leung, Daniel T.; Baker, Stephen; Ludwig, Albrecht; Harris, Jason B. (2014-03-01). "Immunoproteomic Analysis of Antibody in Lymphocyte Supernatant in Patients with Typhoid Fever in Bangladesh". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 21 (3): 280–285

 Shigella 
Ƙoƙarin Ryan akan shigellosis ya mai da hankali kan haɓakar rigakafin rigakafi da hulɗar masu cutar. Gaston, J. S. Hill; Inman, Robert D.; Ryan, Edward T.; Venkatesan, Malabi M.; Barry, Eileen M.; Hale, Thomas L.; Bourgeois, A. Louis; Walker, Richard I. (2009-09-04). "Vaccination of children in low-resource countries against Shigella is unlikely to present an undue risk of reactive arthritis". Vaccine. 27 (40): 5432–5434. Bennish, Michael L.; Khan, Wasif A.; Begum, Monira; Bridges, Emily A.; Ahmed, Sabeena; Saha, Debasish; Salam, Mohammad A.; Acheson, David; Ryan, Edward T. (2006-02-01). "Low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in Bangladesh". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 42 (3): 356–362 A shekara ta 2006, Ryan ya nuna cewa gudanar da maganin rigakafi ga yara masu shigellosis a Bangladesh bai kara yawan samar da guba daga kwayoyin ba. Bennish, Michael L.; Khan, Wasif A.; Begum, Monira; Bridges, Emily A.; Ahmed, Sabeena; Saha, Debasish; Salam, Mohammad A.; Acheson, David; Ryan, Edward T. (2006-02-01). "Low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in Bangladesh". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 42 (3): 356–362 Wannan binciken yana tallafawa maganin rigakafi da aka yi niyya na mutane tare da shigellosis. Irin wannan maganin yawanci ana hana shi a cikin mutane masu kamuwa da Shiga-toxin da ke bayyana E. coli kamuwa da cuta (STEC/EHEC: enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli ), wanda irin wannan magani yana ƙara haɗarin gazawar koda. Wong, Craig S.; Jelacic, Srdjan; Habeeb, Rebecca L.; Watkins, Sandra L.; Tarr, Phillip I. (2000-06-29). "The Risk of the Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome After Antibiotic Treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections". The New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (26): 1930–1936

 Manazarta 

Category:Rayayyun Mutane 
Category:Haifaffun 1962