George Stuart Graham-Smith

George Stuart Graham-Smith wanda ya rayu (25, Satumba 1875 - 30, Agusta 1950) masanin ilimin halittu ne ɗan yankin Biritaniya kuma masanin dabbobi musamman lura da aikinsa akan kudaje, duka biyun a matsayin masu yada cututtukan , kuma a matsayin kwayoyin halitta masu sha'awar kansu.

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
Graham-Smith ɗan wani Kanar ne a cikin Sojojin Indiya. Ya halarci Kwalejin Clifton sannan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Pembroke, Cambridge, inda ya buga wasan cricket da yawa kuma ya kammala karatun BA a 1897. Daga nan ya yi karatun likitanci a asibitin Guy, London, inda ya sami MBBChir. a shekara ta 1901. Ya koma Cambridge, zuwa Sashen Nazarin Lafiya, kuma ya ɗauki Diploma a Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a 1902. A cikin 1904, ya zama ɗalibin John Lucas Walter, malanta da aka bayar don bincike na asali a cikin ilimin cututtuka, kuma ya sami MD ɗinsa a 1905. Spooner, E.T.C. (1951). "George Stuart Graham-Smith (25 September 1875-30 August 1950)". The Journal of Hygiene. 49 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1017/S002217240001531X. JSTOR 3860468. PMC 2234995. PMID 20475834

 Diphtheria. 
A cikin 1901, Graham-Smith ya shiga cikin aji na ilimin cututtuka wanda Louis Cobbett ya koyar a Cambridge. A cikin bazara na wannan shekarar an sami barkewar cutar diphtheria a cikin gida, kuma ajin ya bi ci gaban aikin Cobbett kan gano kwayoyin halitta daga swabs, allurar dabbobi, da ma'amala da marasa lafiya, likitoci da masu duba tsafta. A lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, an sami barkewar cutar diphthera a Colchester, kuma Graham-Smith ya tafi can a matsayin mataimakin Cobbett. Graham-Smith, G.S. (1947). "Louis Cobbett (Born 15th May 1863. Died 9th March 1947)". The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 59 (4): 695–706. doi:10.1002/path.1700590425 Weatherall, Mark (2000). Gentlemen, Scientists, and Doctors: Medicine at Cambridge 1800-1940. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-681-1. Ayyukansa a can sune tushen buga littafinsa na farko, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na littafinsa na MD. Ya bayyana matakan da aka dauka don magance bullar cutar, wadanda suka hada da maganin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, gwajin kwayoyin cuta na majinyata da tuntubar juna, warewar marasa lafiya har sai an nuna ba su da kamuwa da cutar, da kuma rufe makarantu tare da ware daliban da suka kamu da cutar da zarar sun dawo. -bude. Barkewar ta ragu a cikin kaka na 1901. Graham-Smith, G.S. (1904). "A Study of the Virulence of the Diphtheria Bacilli Isolated from 113 Persons, and of 11 Species of Diphtheria-Like Organisms, Together with the Measures Taken to Check an Outbreak of Diphtheria at Cambridge, 1903". The Journal of Hygiene. 4 (2): 258–327. doi:10.1017/S0022172400002163. JSTOR 3858882. PMC 2236130. PMID 20474195. S2CID 27294223

Graham-Smith ya ci gaba da aiki akan diphtheria na wasu shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin 1903, da 1904, ya buga takardu guda biyu da ke gabatar da shaida, duka daga nazarin wallafe-wallafen da nasa da kuma aikin Cobbett, game da kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta a cikin marasa lafiya, lambobin sadarwa ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba, da waɗanda ba su da alamun bayyanar, da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan binciken. don matakan magance cututtuka. Ya jaddada mahimmancin gwada ƙwayar cutar bacilli da aka samo, da kuma ganowa dangane da ilimin halittar jiki da kaddarorin al'adu. Ya ƙarasa da cewa ba a cika samun nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mutane masu lafiya ba tare da sanin alaƙa da marasa lafiya da aka gano suna da diphtheria ba, wani binciken da ya goyi bayan wata manufa ta keɓancewa da gwada lambobin diphtheria. Graham-Smith, G.S. (1903). "The Distribution of the Diphtheria Bacillus and the Bacillus of Hofmann in the Throats of "Contacts" and Normal Persons". The Journal of Hygiene. 3 (2): 216–257. doi:10.1017/S0022172400032812. JSTOR 3858774. PMC 2236072. PMID 20474168 Graham-Smith, G.S.; Keilin, David (1939). "George Henry Falkiner Nuttall, 1862-1937". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2 (7): 492–299. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1939.0009. JSTOR 769002

 Haɗin gwiwa tare da George Nuttall. 
A wannan lokacin, Graham-Smith ya haɓaka dangantaka ta kud da kud tare da George Nuttall, wanda aka nada shi Malamin Jami'a a Ilimin Bacteriology da Preventive Medicine a 1900.  Sun haɗa haɗin gwiwar Bacteriology na Diphtheria, Uilenberg, Gerrit (2006). "Babesia - historical overview". Veterinary Parasitology. 138 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.035. PMID 16513280 wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1908, babban aiki na farko akan wannan batu da aka buga a Biritaniya. Nuttall, George Henry Falkiner; Graham-Smith, G.S. (1905). "Canine Piroplasmosis. II". The Journal of Hygiene. 5 (3): 237–249. doi:10.1017/S0022172400002503. JSTOR 3858735. PMC 2236140. PMID 20474220 Nuttall da Graham-Smith kuma sun yi aiki tare a kan jerin nazarin canine Piroplasma canis, wanda yanzu ake kira Babesia canis, Graham-Smith, G.S. (1905). "Canine Piroplasmosis. III. Morbid Anatomy". The Journal of Hygiene. 5 (3): 250–267. doi:10.1017/S0022172400002515. JSTOR 3858736. PMC 2236141. PMID 20474221 protozoan parasite wanda ke mamaye jan jini na karnuka, kuma ana daukar su ta hanyar ticks . Nuttall, George H.F.; Graham-Smith, G.S. (1906). "Canine Piroplasmosis. V. Further Studies on the Morphology and Life-History of the Parasite". The Journal of Hygiene. 6 (5): 586–651. doi:10.1017/s0022172400003193. JSTOR 3858804. PMC 2236165 Schetters, Theo (2019). "Mechanisms involved in the persistence of Babesia canis infection in dogs". Pathogens. 8 (3): 94. doi:10.3390/pathogens8030094. PMC 6789894. PMID 31261942   Schetters (2019), yana nazarin wallafe-wallafen kan wannan ƙwayar cuta a cikin karnuka, ya sake tsara bayanan Graham-Smith game da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, kuma ya tabbatar da mahimmin bincikensa na tarin ƙwayoyin jajayen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin capillaries .  Nuttall, George Henry Falkiner (1904). Blood immunity and blood relationship: a demonstration of certain blood-relationships amongst animals by means of the precipitin test for blood. Cambrisge: The University Press. Wani kamuwa da cuta na jini ya fara bayyana ta Graham-Smith a cikin moles . Meyers, Robert A. (2012). Systems Biology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 172. ISBN 978-3-527-66859-5. OCLC 101808379 Kwayar halitta, kwayar cutar Gram-negative, ana kiranta Grahamella a cikin girmamawarsa, amma yanzu an lasafta shi da Bartonella . Graham-Smith, G.S. (1916). "Observations on the Habits and Parasites of Common Flies". Parasitology. 8 (4): 440–544. doi:10.1017/S0031182000010714. S2CID 251062828

 Manazarta. 

Category:Matattun 1950