Haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani

Haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani shine haƙƙin mutumin da aka tauye Hukumar Kare hakkin Dan adam https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c9en81nr0mdo.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17216604272222&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fc9en81nr0mdohaƙƙin ɗan adam don gyara doka . Dole ne irin wannan maganin ya kasance mai isa, mai ɗaurewa, mai ikon gabatar da masu laifi a gaban shari'a, ba da lada mai dacewa, da kuma hana ci gaba da keta haƙƙin mutum.  Haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani yana tabbatar wa mutum ikon neman magani daga jihar kai tsaye maimakon ta hanyar ƙasa da ƙasa. Hanya ce ta zahiri ta kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a matakin jiha kuma tana buƙatar ƙasa ba wai kawai ta kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ba har ma a aikace kan shari'o'i guda ɗaya. Haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani ana yarda da shi azaman haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya.

An bayyana haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani a cikin Mataki na 8 na Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, Mataki na 2 na Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya Kan 'Yancin Bil Adama da Siyasa, Mataki na 13 na Yarjejeniyar Turai Kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, da Mataki na 47 na Yarjejeniya Ta Tarayyar Turai Muhimman Hakkoki .  

 Ma'ana 
Magani mai inganci wato effective remedy yana nufin hanya ko tsari da mutum zai iya amfani da shi don kalubalantar takewar haƙƙinsa kuma ya sami sakamako mai ma’ana. Wannan ya haɗa da tabbacin bin ka’ida kamar: sauraron ƙara cikin adalci, bin tsari na doka, samun damar zuwa kotu. Haka kuma ya haɗa da sakamakon ainihi kamar samun diyya, ko dakatar da takewar haƙƙin da ake yi.

Ra’ayin effective remedy ba yana nufin a samu hanyoyin korafi kawai ba, amma dole wadannan hanyoyi su haifar da sakamako na zahiri da za a iya aiwatarwa.

 Tushen Shari’a na Duniya 

 Takardu/tsarin doka na ƙasa da ƙasa da suka shafi dukkan ƙasashe 
An tabbatar da wannan haƙƙi a cikin manyan yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da dama, ciki har da:

 Dokar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya (Universal Declaration of Human Rights), Mataki na 8 – ta tabbatar da haƙƙin samun magani mai inganci a gaban kotuna masu dacewa.
 Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Haƙƙoƙin Farar Hula da Siyasa (ICCPR), Mataki na 2(3) – tana wajabta wa ƙasashe su samar da hanyoyin magani masu sauƙin samu kuma masu karfi (enforceable) don shawo kan take hakkin ɗan adam.
 Yarjejeniyar Kare Mutane Daga Azaba (Convention Against Torture), Mataki na 14 – tana tabbatar da samun diyya da ramawa ga waɗanda suka zama waɗanda aka yi wa azaba.
 Yarjejeniyar Duniya Kan Kawar da Bambancin Launin Fata (Tanadi na 6) – tana bukatar ƙasashe su tabbatar da ingantacciyar kariya da hanyoyin shari’a.
 Yarjejeniyar Hakkin Yara (Tanade 4 & 39) – tana kafa wajabcin tabbatar da hanyoyin shari’a da kuma farfadowar yara.

Kungiyoyin kula da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya suna ganin waɗannan tanade-tanade a matsayin wajabta wa ƙasashe su kafa tsarin shari’a, na gudanarwa, da na doka da zai iya ba da magani na gaske.

 Tsarin Haƙƙin ɗan Adam na yanki 

 Tsarin Turai 

 Yarjejeniyar Turai Kan Hakkin Dan Adam (Tanadi na 13) tana tabbatar da hakkin samun ingantaccen magani a gaban hukumar ƙasa.
 Kotun Turai ta Hakkin Dan Adam (ECtHR) ta samar da dogon tarihin shari’a wanda ke bayyana cewa ingantattun hanyoyin shari’a sune waɗanda suke a aikace, masu sauƙin samu, kuma za su iya hana ko gyara tauye hakki.

 Tsarin Hakkin Dan Adam na Tsakiyar Amurka 

 Yarjejeniyar Amurka Kan Hakkin Dan Adam (Tanadi na 25) tana kare tabbacin shari’a da samun ingantaccen mafita.
 Kotun Hakkin Dan Adam ta Tsakiyar Amurka (IACtHR) ta jaddada bukatar hanyoyin shari’a da ba su zama “kamar mafarki” ba, kuma ta samar da ka’idoji masu cikakken bayani kan diyya da ramuwar gayya.

 Tsarin Hakkin Dan Adam na Afirka 

 Katun Afirka Kan Hakkin Dan Adam da na Al’ummomi (Tanade 7 da 26) tana kare hakkin daukaka kara da tabbacin adalci a shari’a.
 Kotun Afirka Kan Hakkin Dan Adam da na Al’ummomi da Kwamitin Afirka suna fassara waɗannan tanade-tanade a matsayin wajabta samun hanyoyin shari’a masu sauƙin samu da cikin lokaci a matakin ƙasa.

 Abubuwan da ke Haɗa Ingantaccen Magani 

 Samun Sauƙi: Dole ne waɗanda aka tauye musu hakkinsu su iya kawo ƙara ba tare da nuna bambanci, tsada mai yawa, ko cikas na shari’a ba.
 Gaggawa: Dole ne hanyoyin magani su kasance a cikin lokaci mai ma’ana, musamman ga tauye-tauyen da ke ci gaba ko waɗanda ke haifar da lahani marar gyarawa.
 Kwarewa da ’Yanci: Hukumomin da ke da alhakin bayar da magani dole ne su kasance masu adalci, ’yanci, kuma suna da ikon yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi a doka.
 Diyya: Diyya na iya haɗawa da: Mayar da abin da aka kwace, Biya diyya, Farfadowa, Gamsuwa, da Tabbatar da cewa irin wannan ba zai sake faruwa ba.
 Isasshe da Iko aiwatarwa: Maganin dole ne ya samu iko don dakatar da tauye hakki, bayar da diyya, ko tabbatar da diyya. Dole ne a aiwatar da hukunci cikin inganci.

 Masu neman mafaka 
An yi amfani da haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani a cikin shari'o'in masu neman mafaka inda aka riƙe haƙƙin don hana wata jiha daga korar mai neman mafaka kafin yanke hukunci game da neman mafaka, da kuma cewa idan an ƙi neman mafaka, mai da'awar dole ne. suna da ikon ɗaukaka ƙara ta hanyar ba da isasshen lokaci da damar samun wakilcin doka. Kotu ba gaba daya sun gano cewa jihar na bukatar samar da lauya, ko da mai neman mafaka ba zai iya ba, muddin lauya bai zama dole don samun wani ingantaccen magani ba. Kotuna sun gano cewa tsarin da ya wuce kima na iya keta haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani, musamman idan ba a ba da lauya ba. 

 Tarayyar Turai 
A cikin dokar Tarayyar Turai, haƙƙin samun ingantaccen magani yana aiki fiye da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga duk haƙƙoƙin da dokar EU ta tanadar waɗanda ake aiwatar da su a kotunan ƙasashe membobi.

 Azaba 
Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa, a lokuta da ake azabtarwa, 'yancin samun ingantaccen magani yana bukatar jihohi su binciki zargin azabtarwa, gurfanar da wadanda suka aikata laifin, bayar da diyya ga wadanda abin ya shafa, da kuma hana aikata irin wannan cin zarafi daga sake faruwa. An bayyana ƙa'idar 'yancin samun ingantaccen magani a cikin sashi na 14 na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa .

 Nassoshi 

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