Tsarin Haɗin Ƙididdigar Muhalli da Tattalin Arziki

Tsarin Ƙididdigar Muhalli-Tattalin Arziki (SEEA), System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012: Central Framework – final, official publication 2012, UN, EC, IMF, OECD and World Bank "System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting", United Nations, European Commission, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank 2012, 378 pp. wani tsari ne don tattara ƙididdigar da ke danganta ƙididdigar muhalli da ƙididdigar tattalin arziki. An kwatanta SEEA a matsayin tsarin tauraron dan Adam zuwa Tsarin Asusun Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SNA). EC, IMF, OECD, UN & World Bank "System of National Accounts 2008". European Commission, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Natiosns and World Bank, New York, Dec. 2009, 1993, lvi + 662 pp. Wannan yana nufin cewa an yi amfani da ma'anoni, jagorori da hanyoyin aiki na SNA akan SEEA. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar kwatanta kididdigar muhalli da ƙididdiga na tattalin arziki kamar yadda iyakokin tsarin ke ɗaya bayan wasu sarrafa kididdigar shigarwa. Ta hanyar nazarin kididdiga kan tattalin arziki da muhalli a lokaci guda yana yiwuwa a nuna nau'o'i daban-daban na dorewa don samarwa da amfani. Hakanan zai iya nuna sakamakon tattalin arziki na kiyaye ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun muhalli.

 Iyakar 
SEEA tsarin tauraron dan adam ne na SNA wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan asusu da yawa. A cikin fa'ida, ana iya bayyana yankin a matsayin mai ba da damar duk wani mai amfani da kididdiga don kwatanta al'amuran muhalli da tattalin arziki na gabaɗaya, sanin cewa kwatancen sun dogara ne akan nau'ikan iri ɗaya, alal misali, matakan gurɓatawar da masana'antar kera ke haifar za a iya danganta su da takamaiman. tattalin arzikin wannan masana'antar.

Ana iya siffanta yankuna daban-daban na SEEA a takaice kamar haka:

 Gudun kayan aiki da makamashi 
Ta wannan ana nufin kwararar kayayyaki da makamashi ta hanyar tattalin arziki, misali, man fetur, albarkatun kasa da sinadarai, tare da hayakinsu, na iya zama iskar hayaki, gurbatar ruwa ko sharar da wadannan kwararar ke haifarwa. Bayanai game da hayaki, sama da duka zuwa iska, an buga su ga ƙasashe da yawa, musamman, ƙasashen Turai masu bin SEEA. Babban bambanci tsakanin ƙididdiga na al'ada da hayaki a cikin asusun muhalli suna da alaƙa da iyakokin tsarin. Misali, abubuwan da aka samar don bayar da rahoton hayakin iskar zuwa Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFCCC) sun dogara ne akan iyakokin kasa yayin da asusun fitar da iskar da ke bin SEEA ke amfani da iyaka na takamaiman tattalin arziki (wannan shine. "ka'idar zama" na asusun kasa). Ana nuna wannan bambance-bambancen a cikin hayaƙin sufuri kamar yadda duk hayaƙin da tattalin arziƙin ya haifar yana cikin SEEA. Misali, fitar da hayaki daga manyan motoci, jiragen ruwa ko jiragen sama ana kasaftawa kasarsu ta asali, koda kuwa hayakin ya faru ne a wajen iyakokin kasar nan. Haka kuma, a cikin kayayyakin UNFCCC, “transport” wani yanki ne na musamman na kansa kuma ba zai yiwu a san rabon gidaje da na masana’antu daban-daban a cikin hayakin sufuri ba.

Sauran kididdigar da aka ɓullo da dangane da kwararar abubuwa sune asusun kwararar kayan aiki na tattalin arziƙi kuma har yanzu ana haɓaka su ne asusun kwararar makamashi da na ruwa .

 Kididdigar tattalin arzikin muhalli 
Matsalolin tattalin arziki waɗanda aka riga an haɗa su cikin asusun ƙasa amma suna da fa'ida a bayyane ta muhalli, kamar saka hannun jari da kashe kuɗi a fannin kare muhalli, haraji da tallafi masu alaƙa da muhalli, da rarraba ayyukan muhalli da aikin da ke tattare da su, da dai sauransu. A ka'ida, harajin muhalli da kuma kashe kuɗaɗen kare muhalli ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin ɓangarori biyu na tsabar kuɗi ɗaya. Dukansu suna haifar da farashin da ke cikin hanyoyin samarwa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da cin gajiyar muhalli ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A daya hannun kuma, kudaden da ake kashewa wajen kare muhalli suna yin lissafin kashe kudade kan matakan da suka dace na inganta muhalli, yayin da a daya bangaren kuma, haraji na lissafin kudaden da gwamnati ta gindaya don cin moriyar muhalli. Don haka, a cikin jimillar kuɗin da ake samarwa, ana iya ƙara harajin muhalli da aka biya don kashewa kan kare muhalli.

 Duba kuma 

 Faɗin tattalin arziƙin kayan yawo asusu.
 Asusun kashe kuɗin kare muhalli
 Tsarin Kididdigar Muhalli da Tattalin Arziki na Ruwa

 Sauran muƙaloli masu alaƙa 

 Kididdigar muhalli
 Green lissafin kudi
 Samfurin shigar-samfurin
 Tsarin Asusun Ƙasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta sadaukar da gidan yanar gizon don tsarin lissafin muhalli-Tattalin Arziki
 Sashin sadaukar da Eurostat zuwa Asusun Muhalli da kididdigar muhalli
 Ƙungiyar birni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: Ƙungiyar London
 Kwamitin Kwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli - Lissafin Tattalin Arziki
 gidan yanar gizo na Eurostat
 OECD da EEA bayanan bayanai akan kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don manufofin muhalli da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa 
 Ƙididdiga na Sweden ta sadaukar sashe akan Asusun Muhalli
 Lissafin Muhalli: Bayani da Bayanai a Austria 
 NAMEA – gauraye asusu a lissafin muhalli a Austria