Tilde

Tilde / / ˈtɪld eɪ , _ - da i  - da , ˈtɪld / ) [ 1  ˜ ko ~, grapheme ne mai amfani da yawa. Sunan halin ya zo cikin Turanci daga Mutanen Espanya, wanda kuma ya fito daga Latin titulus, ma'ana "lake" ko "rubutun".   Amfaninsa na farko shine azaman diacritic (lafazin) a hade tare da harafin tushe; amma saboda dalilai na tarihi, ana kuma amfani da shi a cikin tsayayyen tsari a cikin yanayi daban-daban.

 Tarihi 

 Amfani da marubuta na tsakiyar zamanai 
An fara rubuta tilde a kan wasikar da aka tsallake ko kuma haruffa da yawa azaman gajeriyar rubutun, ko "alamar dakatarwa" da "alamar ƙanƙancewa", Martin, Charles Trice (1910). The record interpreter : a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records (2nd ed.). London, preface, p.5  wanda aka nuna shi azaman madaidaiciyar layi idan aka yi amfani da shi da manyan. Don haka, kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su Anno Domini ana rage su akai-akai zuwa A o Dñi, tare da tasha mai tsayi tare da alamar dakatarwa akan "n". Irin wannan alamar na iya nuna tsallake harafi ɗaya ko haruffa da yawa. Wannan ya ajiye akan kudin aikin magatakarda da tsadar magudanar ruwa da tawada. Yarjejeniya ta Turai ta Tsakiya da aka rubuta da Latin galibi sun kunshi irin wadannan gajerun kalmomi tare da alamomin dakatarwa da sauran gajarta; Kalmomin da ba a saba gani kawai aka ba su cikakke.

Rubutun Littafin Domesday na 1086, wanda ke da alaqa da misali, zuwa gidan Molland a Devon (duba hoto kusa), an takaita shi sosai kamar yadda tildes masu yawa suka nuna.
Rubutun da aka fadada shi da gajarta shine kamar haka:

 Matsayin na'urorin injina 
A kan na'urar buga rubutu da aka kera don harsunan da suke amfani da yaruka akai-akai (alamomin lafazin), akwai yuwuwar mafita guda biyu. Ana iya sadaukar da maɓallai ga haruffan da aka riga aka tsara ko kuma a iya samar da mataccen maballi . Tare da na ƙarshe, ana yin alama lokacin da aka buga mataccen maballi, amma ba kamar makallan na yau da kullun ba, jigilar takarda ba ta ci gaba kuma don haka ana buga harafi na gaba da za a buga a karkashin wannan lafazin. Rubutun rubutu na Mutanen Espanya yawanci suna da maballi na musamman don Ñ /ñ amma, kamar yadda Portuguese ke amfani da Ã /ã da Õ /õ, mataccen maballi daya (maimakon daukar maballai biyu don sadaukarwa) shine mafita mafi amfani.

Alamar tilde ba ta wanzu da kanta a matsayin nau'i mai motsi ko halayyar bugun gubar mai zafi tunda nau'in shari'o'in Mutanen Espanya ko Fotigal zai hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kira.

 Matsakaicin ASCII tilde 
Serif: -~- Sans-serif: -~- Monospace: -~- Tilde mai 'yanci tsakanin dashes guda biyu</br> a cikin iyalan font guda uku
Matsayin ASCII na farko (X3.64-1963) ba shi da tilde.  Kamar Portuguese da Mutanen Espanya, Faransanci, Jamusanci da Scandinavian harsuna kuma suna bukatar alamomi fiye da ainihin 26 da ake bukata don Ingilishi. ASA ta yi aiki tare da kuma ta hanyar CCITT don kaddamar da kayyadaddun lambar, don biyan bukatun akalla yarukan Yammacin Turai.

KuISO646 and ASCII incorporated many of the overprinting lower-case diacritics from typewriters, including tilde. Overprinting was intended to work by putting a backspace code between the codes for letter and diacritic. However even at that time, mechanisms that could do this or any other overprinting were not widely available, did not work for capital letters, and were impossible on video displays, with the result that this concept failed to gain significant acceptance. Consequently, many of these free-standing diacritics (and the underscore) were quickly reused by software as additional syntax, basically becoming new types of syntactic symbols that a programming language could use. As this usage became predominant, type design gradually evolved so these diacritic characters became larger and more vertically centered, making them useless as overprinted diacritics but much easier to read as free-standing characters that had come to be used for entirely different and novel purposes. Most modern fonts align the plain ASCII "spacing" (free-standing) tilde at the same level as dashes, or only slightly higher.

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