Yanayin yanayi

Geomorphology na yanayi shine nazarin rawar da yanayi ke takawa wajen tsara yanayin ƙasa da kuma tsarin ƙasa. Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin yanayin yanayi yanayi shine nazarin siffofin ƙasa don ƙaddamar da yanayin yanayi na dā. Sau da yawa damuwa game da yanayin da ya gabata yanayin yanayin yanayi ana ɗaukarsa a wasu lokuta a matsayin wani bangare na ilimin ƙasa na tarihi. Tunda siffofin shimfidar wuri a cikin yanki ɗaya na iya samo asali a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban daga na yanzu, nazarin yankuna daban-daban na yanayi na iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar shimfidar wurare na yanzu. Misali, Julius Büdel ya yi nazarin matakai na Yanayin sanyi a Svalbard da matakai na yanayi a Indiya mai zafi don fahimtar asalin taimakon Tsakiyar Turai, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa shi ne palimpsest na siffofin ƙasa da aka kafa a lokuta daban-daban kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

 Ƙananan horo 
Abubuwa daban-daban na yanayin yanayi suna mai da hankali kan takamaiman yanayin yanayi. 

 Geomorphology na hamada 
Geomorphology na hamada ko geomorphology of busasshiyar ƙasa da ƙasa mai tsaka-tsaki yana da siffofi da matakai da yawa tare da yankuna masu zafi. Ɗaya daga cikin fasalulluka masu ban sha'awa shine ƙarancin ko rashin shuke-shuke, wanda ke tasiri ga hanyoyin ruwa da gangara, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aikin iska da gishiri. Ayyuka na farko a kan ilimin geomorphology na hamada sun yi ne daga masu binciken Yammacin yankuna na ƙasashensu a Afirka (Faransa Yammacin Amurka, Jamus Kudu maso Yammacin Afrịka, Yammacin Masar), a yankunan iyaka na ƙasashinsu (Amurka Yamma, Australiya Outback) ko kuma a cikin hamada na ƙasashen waje kamar Daular Ottoman, Daular Rasha da China. Tun daga shekarun 1970s geomorphology na hamada a Duniya ya yi aiki don samun kwatankwacin shimfidar wurare na Martian.

 Geomorphology na periglacial 
A matsayin horo periglacial geomorphology yana kusa amma ya bambanta da Quaternary kimiyya da geocryology. Ilimin yanayin ƙasa na periglacial ya damu da yanayin sanyi wanda ba na kankara ba a yankunan da ke da kuma ba tare da permafrost ba. Ko da yake ma'anar abin da yankin periglacial ba a bayyana ba wani ƙididdigar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya shine cewa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙasar duniya yana da yanayin periglacial. Bayan wannan kwata wani ƙarin kwata ko na biyar ko ƙasar ƙasa yana da yanayin periglacial a wani lokaci a lokacin Pleistocene. A cikin ilimin yanayin periglacial da aka lura da masu bincike sun hada da Johan Gunnar Andersson, Walery Łoziński, Anders Rapp da Jean Tricart . Gutiérrez, Mateo; Gutiérrez, Francisco (2013). "Climatic Geomorphology". Treatise on Geomorphology. Vol. 13. pp. 115–131.

 Yanayin Yanayi na wurare masu zafi 
Idan an bayyana wurare masu zafi a matsayin yankin tsakanin 35 ° N da 35 ° S, to kusan 60% na farfajiyar Duniya yana cikin wannan yanki. A mafi yawan karni na 20 an yi watsi da ilimin ƙasa na wurare masu zafi saboda nuna son kai ga Yanayin yanayi, kuma lokacin da aka magance shi an nuna shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa". Geomorphology na wurare masu zafi sun bambanta da sauran yankuna a cikin tsananin da ƙimar da hanyoyin da ke aiki, kuma ba ta hanyar nau'in matakai ba. Yankunan wurare masu zafi suna da wasu yanayi, wanda zai iya zama bushe ko danshi. Dangane da yankuna masu matsakaici, wurare masu zafi suna dauke da yankunan da ke da yanayin zafi, ruwan sama mai yawa da kuma hawan iska mai yawa dukansu siffofin yanayi ne da suka dace da matakai na ƙasa. Wani halayyar, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da yanayin yau da kansa, shi ne cewa babban ɓangare na wurare masu zafi suna da ƙarancin taimako wanda aka gada daga nahiyar Gondwana. [A] Julius Büdel, Pierre Birot da Jean Tricart sun ba da shawarar cewa koguna na wurare masu zafi sun mamaye nauyin da aka dakatar da shi wanda aka samo daga yanayin sinadarai na ci gaba, kuma wannan zai sa su zama marasa lalacewa fiye da koguna a wasu wurare. Wasu siffofin ƙasar da aka yi la'akari da su a baya kamar yadda suke na wurare masu zafi kamar bornhardts sun fi alaƙa da lithology da Tsarin dutse fiye da yanayi.

 Manazarta