Sauyin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu

Canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu, yana haifar da karuwar yanayin zafi da canjin ruwan sama. Shaida ta nuna cewa abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi suna zama sanannu saboda canjin yanayi.Republic of South Africa, National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS) , Version UE10, 13 November 2019. Wannan damuwa ce mai mahimmanci ga 'yan Afirka ta Kudu kamar yadda canjin yanayi zai shafi matsayi da jindadin kasar gaba daya, misali game da albarkatun ruwa. Kamar sauran sassan duniya, binciken yanayi ya nuna cewa ainihin kalubalen a Afirka ta Kudu ya fi alaka da batutuwan muhalli maimakon na cigaba. Sakamakon da yafi tsanani zai kasance yana da niyya ga samar da ruwa, wanda ke da babban tasiri ga bangaren noma. Canje-canje na muhalli da sauri suna haifar da sakamako mai kyau a kan al'umma da matakin mujallar ta hanyoyi da fannoni daban-daban, farawa da ingancin iska, zuwa yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin yanayi, kaiwa ga tsaro na abinci da nauyin cututtuka.

Ana sa ran tasirin sauyin yanayi daban-daban a kan al'ummomin karkara sun hada da: fari, raguwar albarkatun ruwa da bambancin halittu, rushewar kasa, rage tattalin arzikin rayuwa da dakatar da ayyukan al-adu.

Afirka ta Kudu tana ba da gudummawa mai yawa na CO2, kasancewar ita ce ta 14 mafi girma da ke fitar da CO2. Sama da matsakaicin duniya, Afirka ta Kudu tana da tan 9.5 na hayakin CO2 ga kowane mutum a cikin shekarar 2015. Wannan ya faru ne a wani bangare saboda tsarin makamashi da ke dogaro da kwal da mai. A matsayin wani bangare na alkawurranta na kasa da kasa, Afirka ta Kudu ta yi alkawarin samun hayaki tsakanin shekara ta 2020 da kuma 2025.

 Rashin iskar gas 
Afirka ta Kudu ita ce ta 14 mafi girma a duniya mai fitar da iskar gas.

 Sufuri 
Sashin sufuri a Afirka ta Kudu yana ba da gudummawa 10.8% na jimlar Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions a cikin kasar. Baya ga hayaki kai tsaye, hayakin kai na kai a kai ta hanyar samarwa da jigilar man fetur suma suna samar da hayaniyar hayaka.Green Transport Strategy for South Africa: (2018-2050) , 2018.  Sufuri na hanya, musamman, yana ba da gudummawa kusan kashi uku cikin hudu ga jimlar hayaki na sufuri.

 Tasirin yanayin muhalli 

 Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi 
Akwai tabbaci daban-daban game da tasirin canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu tare da raguwar ruwan sama da sauri kuma an lura da matakan zafin jiki. Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kara yawan zafin jiki a Afirka ta Kudu da digiri 2-3 na Celsius a tsakiyar karni, da kuma digiri 3-4 na ° Celsius ta karshen karni a cikin wani yanayi na tsakiya. 
Tasirin zai hada da canza yanayin ruwan sama da karuwar evaporation, kara yiwuwar matsanancin fari.

Afirka a halin yanzu tana fama da manyan rakuman zafi bisa ga yanayin nahiyar a cikin rikicin muhalli na yanzu.


 Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane 

 Aikin noma 

Babban kalubalen da kowace kasa ke fuskanta saboda canjin yanayi shine tasirinsa kai tsaye akan tsaro na abinci. A wannan ma'anar, an lissafa Afirka a matsayin nahiyar da ta fi fuskantar sauye-sauyen yanayi. A Habasha misali, samar da abinci yana fuskantar kalubale da yawa saboda canjin yanayi. An lura cewa akwai karuwa a cikin asarar samarwa na shekara-shekara ga sauye-sauyen yanayi daga shekara zuwa shekara.

Ana sa ran aikin gona zai sami mummunar tasiri ta hanyar fari, rage ruwan sama, kwari, da sauran canje-canje a cikin muhalli saboda canjin yanayi. Yanayin zafi mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu da karancin ruwan sama zai haifar da iyakancewar albarkatun ruwa da canza danshi na ƙasa, wanda ke haifar le raguwar amfanin gona.

Wasu tsinkaya sun nuna cewa samar da ruwa na kasa na iya raguwa da kashi 60% a shekara ta 2070 a wasu sassan Yammacin Cape.Climate change to create African 'water refugees' – scientists, Reuters Alertnet. Accessed 21 September 2006].  Don juyar da lalacewar da rashin kula da kasa ya haifar, gwamnati ta goyi bayan wani makirci wanda ke inganta ci gaba mai dorewa da amfani da albarkatun kasa.

Samar da masara, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kashi 36% na yawan amfanin gona na Afirka ta Kudu, ya kuma sami mummunar sakamako saboda canjin yanayi. Kimanin darajar asarar, wanda ke la'akari da abubuwan da ke faruwa tare da kuma ba tare tare le tasirin takin carbon dioxide ba, yana tsakanin dubban da daruruwan miliyoyin rands.

 Yawon shakatawa 
Afirka ta Kudu tana da muhimmiyar al'amari na yawon bude ido don kallo da kuma mai da hankali sosai yayin la'akari da tasirin canjin yanayi. Wannan bangare ne mai hankali da za a ambata amma muhimmancinsa ya ta'allaka ne ga sauyin yanayi wanda ke girma kwanan nan. Kalubale sun wuce gaskiyar cewa akwai bukatar shirya hanya don karin masu yawon bude ido su zo. Babban damuwar Afirka ta Kudu ya kai ga bunkasa shirye-shiryen rage talauci sakamakon canjin yanayi a Afirka de Kudu. Yawon shakatawa ya bukaci masu tsara manufofi a Afirka da su inganta damar aiki, ci gaban tattalin arziki da tallafawa masana'antu daban-daban. Akwai kalubale daban-daban da ke fuskantar bangaren yawon bude ido a Afirka ta Kudu kuma wannan yafi sakamakon tasirin Canjin Yanayi. A wannan bangaren, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa gwamnatin kasa a Afirka ta Kudu ta fara aiwatar da sabbin manufofi na yawon bude ido da na yanayi don shawo kan kalubalen. Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa yanayin gaba daya a Afirka ta Kudu yana fama da yanayi da canje-canje daban-daban / Wadannan bambance-bambance sun yi niyya ga yankunan ruwan sama na rani da na hunturu, yankuna masu zafi, da yankunansu masu laushi da busasshiyar.

 Tasirin kiwon lafiya 
Akwai shaidar cewa canjin yanayi zai haifar da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu, musamman saboda yawan mutanen da ke fama da rauni. An riga an sami babban nauyin cututtuka a Afirka ta Kudu da ke da alaka da matsalolin muhalli kuma canjin yanayi zai kara tsananta yawancin wadannan batutuwan zamantakewa da muhalli. Ana saka ran canjin yanayi zai yi barazana ga lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar karuwar damuwa ta zafi, karuwa a cikin cututtukan da ke yaduwa da cututtuka masu yashiwa, kara yawan abubuwan da suka faru, raguwar tsaro na abinci, da karamin damuwa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Binciken wallafe-wallafen shekarar 2019 game da daidaitawa da lafiyar jama'a, ya gano cewa "kararru da ingancin bincike abin takaici ne, kuma ba daidai ba ne da barazanar da canjin yanayi ya haifar a Afirka ta Kudu".

 Ragewa 
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta himmatu ga hauhawar hayaki na CO2 tsakanin shekara ta 2020 da kuma 2025. Afirka ta Kudu ta amince da yin aiki tare da sauran masu sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris don ci gaba da karuwar zafin jiki a kasa da 2 ° C.UNFCCC, South Africa’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), 2015. Koyaya, masu sa ido masu zaman kansu sun kira ayyukan da gwamnati ke yi yanzu bai isa ba. A wani bangare, wannan gazawar yin aiki yana da alaƙa da mallakar gwamnati ta Eskom, wanda ke da alhakin yawancin aikin kwal a kasar. Hakazalika, tattalin arziki yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan makamashi a duniya kodayake ba ya saita manufofi na ragewa ga masana'antu. Kaddamar da kudi da saka hannun jari zuwa ga sauyawa zuwa tattalin arzikin carbon da al'umma babbar ƙalubale ce ga Afirka ta Kudu.

Kamar duk kasashen da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris Afirka ta Kudu za ta ba da rahoton kayan iskar gas ga UNFCCC akalla sau biyu daga shekara ta 2024 a ƙarshe.

Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na Duniya da Banken Ci Gaban Kudancin Afirka sun amince da rancen Yuro miliyan 200 don tallafawa sabon shirin samar da kudade da aka yi niyya don buɗe Yura miliyan 400 don saka hannun jari na makamashi mai sabuntawa a Afirka ta Kudu.

 Daidaitawa 
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta tsara dabarun sauyin yanayi na kasa (NCCAS) a cikin shekara ta 2019. Wannan dabarar tana gabatar da hangen nesa don daidaitawa da canjin yanayi da haɓaka juriya a cikin ƙasar. Wannan dabarar kuma tana tsara wuraren fifiko don cimma wannan hangen nesa, wanda ya haɗa da albarkatun ruwa, noma da gandun daji na kasuwanci, kiwon lafiya, bambancin halittu da yanayin halitte, mazaunan mutane, da rage haɗarin bala'i. An kuma samar da wannan dabarar don yin aiki a kan sadaukarwar kasar ga wajibai a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris a karkashin Yaruniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC).

Afirka ta Kudu tana cikin ci gaba na kammala dabarun sauyin yanayi na kasa. "Tsarin daidaitawa na kasa yana aiki ne a matsayin ma'anar maballi daidaita canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma yana ba da dandamali wanda za'a iya bayyana manufofin daidaita sauyin yanayi na kasa don samar da jagora ga dukkan bangarorin tattalin arziki".

 Jama'a da al'adu 

 Yunkurin fafutuka 
A cikin taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekarar 2011 (COP17) da aka gudanar a Durban, an shirya zanga-zangar da zanga'angar don nuna damuwa game da batutuwan canji na yanayi. Wani yunkuri da ya tara mutane 12,000 ya bukaci wakilai a COP17 da su dauki matakin yanayi na gaggawa. Masu zanga-zangar sun kuma shiga cikin wurin taron a lokacin da tattaunawar ta kasance a cikin rikici.

 Sanarwar jama'a 
Sanarwar jama'a game da wadannan tasirin da za su iya samu ya karu tare da fari na Kudancin Afirka na 201820 da kuma rikicin ruwa na Cape Town.

 Duba kuma 

 Canjin yanayi a Afirka
 Motocin lantarki a Afirka ta Kudu

 Manazarta 

Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba