Coinfection

Coinfection shine kamuwa da cuta a lokaci guda na runduna ta nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta masu yawa. A cikin ilimin kwayar cutar virus, tagwayen cuta ya haɗa da kamuwa da rashin lapiya guda daya ta dalilin kwayar cuta guda biyu ko fiye da hakan. Misali shi ne haduwar kwayar cutar hanta B da cutar hanta C a cikin hanta, wanda zai iya tasowa da yawa ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ta farko.

Ba a san yawan yaduwar wannan yanayin a duniya ba. Ko abin yafaru ne a rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mutane, to amma ana tunanin ya zama ruwan dare, Cox, FE (2001). "Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses" (PDF). Parasitology. 122. Suppl: S23–38. doi:10.1017/s003118200001698x. PMID 11442193. S2CID 150432 wani lokacin ya fi yawa  da cuta guda ɗaya. Petney, TN; Andrews, RH (1998). "Multiparasite communities in animals and humans: frequency, structure and pathogenic significance". International Journal for Parasitology. 28 (3): 377–93. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00189-6. PMID 9559357 Haɗuwa da helminths yana shafar kusan mutane miliyan 800 a duka fadin duniya. Crompton, DW (1999). "How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?". The Journal of Parasitology. 85 (3): 397–403. doi:10.2307/3285768 

Coinfection yana da bukatar abashi matukar  mahimmancin lafiyar ɗan adam musamman saboda nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haduwa da juna su cutar da dan adam . Ana tunanin tasirin kwarin gwiwa akan lafiyar ɗan adam mara kyau. Griffiths, EC; Pedersen, ABP; Fenton, A; Petchey, OP (2011). "The nature and consequences of coinfection in humans". Journal of Infection. 63 (3): 200–206. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2011.06.005 Ma'amala na iya yin tasiri mai kyau ko mara kyau akan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. ingantacciyar hulɗar ƙwayoyin cuta, yana iya haɓakar cututtukGyaraa da kuma ci gabanta, wannan shine ake kira da  syndemism . Mu'amala mai cutarwa tsakanin kwayoyin cuta  ta haɗa da tsangwama na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta lokacin da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya ke danne  wasu. misali shinePseudomonas aeruginosa (nau'in kwayar cuta) yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na Staphylococcus aureus colony .Hoffman, L. R.; Deziel, E.; D'argenio, D. A.; Lepine, F.; Emerson, J.; McNamara, S.; Gibson, R. L.; Ramsey, B. W.; Miller, S. I. (2006). "Selection for Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants due to growth in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (52): 19890–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10319890H Ba a san cikakken tsarin mu'amular tsakanin nau'ikan  kwayoyin cuta ba, oyin cuta ba. har ma a tsakanin  waɗanda ke tsakanin  cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i. Shrestha, S. (2011). "Influence of host genetic and ecological factors in complex concomitant infections – relevance to sexually transmitted infections". Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 92 (1–2): 27–32. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2011.09.001 Koyaya,  nazarin hanyar samun abinci  a  ɗan adam yana nuni da cewa akwai yuwuwar yin hulɗa ta hanyar hanyoyin abinci fiye da karyewar garkuwar jiki.Griffiths, E.; Pedersen, A.; Fenton, A.; Petchey, O. (2014). "Analysis of a summary network of co-infection in humans reveals that parasites interact most via shared resources" 

tarin fuka da cutar sida sune cututtukan da sukafi kowane . A wasu ƙasashe, kusan kashi 80% na masu cutar tarin fuka suma suna ɗauke da cutar HIV. "Tuberculosis and HIV". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on July 21, 2006. An san yuwuwar habaka  waɗannan cututtukan guda biyu masu yaduwa da za a danganta su shekaru da yawa.Di Perri, G; Cruciani, M; Danzi, MC; Luzzati, R; De Checchi, G; Malena, M; Pizzighella, S; Mazzi, R; et al. (1989). "Nosocomial epidemic of active tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients". Lancet. 2 (8678–8679): 1502–4. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92942-5. PMID 2574778. S2CID 5608415Sauran misalan gama-gari na tsabar kuɗi sune cuta mai karya garkuwar jiki, wanda ya haɗa da haɗakar da kwayar cutar HIV ta ƙarshen zamani tare da ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani Lawn, SD (2004). "AIDS in Africa: the impact of coinfections on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection". Journal of Infection. 48 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2003.09.001. PMID 14667787da cututtukan polymicrobial kamar cutar Lyme tare da wasu cututtuka. Mitchell, PD; Reed, KD; Hofkes, JM (1996). "Immunoserologic evidence of coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and human granulocytic Ehrlichia species in residents of Wisconsin and Minnesota". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 34 (3): 724–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.3.724-727.1996. PMC 228878. PMID 8904446Haduwar kwayar cuta a lokuta da dama yakan goge alamun ko kuma yawan daya daga cikin kwayoyin cututtuka. misalin hakan shine: rhinovirus da  syncytial virus ta numfashi, da kuma  metapneumovirus ko parainfluenza cutar.a wadannan kwayoyin cutar  suna nuna saka makon awo marar yawa akan  wadanda sukeda da wadanda ke da rhinovirus kadai.Waghmare, A; Strelitz, B; Lacombe, K; Perchetti, GA; Nalla, A; Rha, B; Midgley, C; Lively, JY; Klein, EJ; Kuypers, J; Englund, JA (2019). "Rhinovirus in Children Presenting to the Emergency Department: Role of Viral Load in Disease Severity and Co-Infections". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 6 (10): S915–S916. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2304. PMC 6810026

 Poliovirus 
Poliovirus Kwayar cutar RNA ce wanda tsarin halittar ta yakeda dauri daya. day ce daga cikin dangin Picornaviridae .Haduwa da wasu Kwayoyin cuta da takeyi sun bayyana sannan  sun zama gama gari. wadannan hanyoyin sun hada da  watsa virions da kuma yada tantanin halittarta. Aguilera ER, Pfeiffer JK. Strength in numbers: Mechanisms of viral co-infection. Virus Res. 2019;265:43-46. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.003 Waɗannan sun haɗa da watsawa ta hanyar tattarawar virion, watsa kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta a cikin vesicles na membrane, da kuma watsuwa wadda bacteria take sakawa. 

Drake ya nuna cewa cutar poliovirus tana iya sake dawowa bayan ta warke. da yawa. Drake JW (August 1958). "Interference and multiplicity reactivation in polioviruses". Virology. 6 (1): 244–64. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(58)90073-4. PMID 13581529 wannan ze iya faruwa ne  lokacin da aka haske cutar ta poliovirus tare da hasken UV. da kuma aka bata damar shiga acikin jiki,cutar polio zata iya samun  za a iya samar da zuriya masu yawa na UV koda kuwa yakai yawan wanda yake hana kwayar cutar kara yawa da yaduwa.     

Poliovirus na iya fuskantar sake haɗewar kwayoyin halitta  da wata virus din lokacin da aƙalla nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta guda biyu suka kasance a cikin tantanin halitta ɗaya. Kirkegaard da Baltimore(mutane masana kimiya) Kirkegaard K, Baltimore D (November 1986). "The mechanism of RNA recombination in poliovirus". Cell. 47 (3): 433–43. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90600-8. PMC 7133339. PMID 3021340 sun gabatar da shaidar cewa RNA polymerase mai dogaro da RNA yana haɓaka haɓakawa ta hanyar zaɓin kwafi wanda RdRP ke canzawa tsakanin (+) samfuran ssRNA yayin haɗakar mara kyau. Sake haɗawa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na RNA ya bayyana cewa hanyace ta saka kwayar halittarta wadanda ba lalatattu ba zuwa ga yayanta. Barr JN, Fearns R (June 2010). "How RNA viruses maintain their genome integrity". The Journal of General Virology. 91 (Pt 6): 1373–87. doi:10.1099/vir.0.020818-0. PMID 20335491 Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (January 2018). "Sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 57: 8–25. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.024. PMID 29111273

 Misali 

 Anaplasmosis
 Bacteriophage coinfection
 GB Virus C
 Kwayar cutar HIV-HCV
 Cutar HIV-TB (yana haɓaka watsa tarin fuka da mutuwa)
 Hepatitis D
 Hooworm-malaria cofection
 Mansonella perstans
 Trichuriasis
 Chikungunya da Dengue coinfection
 Dengue da kwayar cutar HIV (yana hana HIV)
 Chagas da kwayar cutar HIV
 Mafi yawan cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da HIV (ƙarfafa watsa kwayar cutar HIV)
 Wasu marasa lafiya na COVID-19, ko waɗanda ba su da lafiya tare da wasu coronaviruses, suna iya kamuwa da cututtukan mura na yanayi (mura), wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da mura na gama gari, ko kuma suna iya kamuwa da su tare da mashako ko ciwon huhu na wasu kwayoyin cutar. mafi haɗari, wasu daga cikinsu zaya iya yiyuwa dama sun taba kamuwa da yanayi kamar tarin fuka ko cuta mai karya garkuwar jiki. Wanda wadannan sune wadanda zasu iya sa marar lapiya kamuwa.

 Manazarta 

Category: Rashin lafiya