San José

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San José ( Spanish: [saŋ xoˈse] ; ma'ana "Saint Joseph") babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na Costa Rica, kuma babban birnin dake lardin mai suna . Yana cikin tsakiyar ƙasar, a tsakiyar yamma na Tsakiyar Valley, a cikin San José Canton . San José shine wurin zama na gwamnatin Costa Rica, cibiyar harkokin siyasa da tattalin arziki, da kuma babbar tashar sufuri. Yawan jama'ar San José Canton ya kasance 288,054 a cikin 2011,  kuma yankin gundumar San José yana da murabba'in kilomita 44.2 (mil murabba'in 17.2), tare da kiyasin mazauna 333,980 a cikin 2015.  Tare da wasu cantons da yawa na kwarin tsakiya, ciki har da Alajuela, Heredia da Cartago, ya zama Babban Babban Birni na ƙasar, tare da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 2 a cikin 2017.  Sunan birnin ne don girmama Yusufu na Nazarat .

An kafa garin a shekarar 1736 ta hanyar Cabildo de León, yawan jama'ar San José ya tashi a cikin karni na 18 ta hanyar amfani da tsarin mulkin mallaka. A tarihi ya kasance birni mai mahimmancin dabaru, kasancewar babban birnin Costa Rica sau uku. Fiye da mutane miliyan ne ke wucewa ta kowace rana. Gida ne ga Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Costa Rica, da La Sabana Metropolitan Park . Filin jirgin sama na Juan Santamaría yana hidimar birnin.
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San José sananne ne a tsakanin biranen Latin Amurka saboda ingancin rayuwa,  tsaro, matakin duniya, aikin muhalli, sabis na jama'a,  da cibiyoyi da aka sani. Bisa ga bincike kan Latin Amurka, San José na ɗaya daga cikin mafi aminci kuma mafi ƙarancin tashin hankali a yankin.  A shekarar 2006, an nada birnin Ibero-American Capital of Culture. A cewar The MasterCard Global Destinations Cities Index 2012, San José ita ce makoma ta shida da aka fi ziyarta a Latin Amurka, matsayi na farko a Amurka ta Tsakiya .  San José ya kasance na 15 a cikin biranen da suka fi samun saurin bunkasuwa a duniya ta hanyar ciyar da maziyartan kan iyaka.  GaWC tana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "Beta-" birni na duniya. San José ya shiga Cibiyar Sadarwar Duniya ta UNESCO a cikin 2016.

 Tarihi 
Yawan jama'ar dake a San José ya karu a lokacin mulkin mallaka na ƙarni na goma sha takwas, wanda ya bambanta da tsare-tsaren tushe na gargajiya na biranen Spain a nahiyar Amurka ta Tsakiya.

An Garin a shekarar 1736 ta hanyar Cabildo de León, manufarta ita ce ta tattara mazaunan tarwatsewar kwarin Aserrí.  Don haka De León ya ba da umarnin gina ɗakin sujada a kusa da yankin da ake kira La Boca del Monte wanda aka kammala shekara guda bayan haka. A wannan shekarar an zaɓi St. Joseph a matsayin majiɓincin Ikklesiya, saboda haka sunanta. An gina ɗakin sujada, wanda ya kasance mai ladabi sosai, tare da taimakon cocin Cartago.

 Gundumomi 
Iyakokin birnin San José, kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin Yankin Gudanarwa  kuma an tsara shi a cikin Dokar Zartarwa ta shekara 11562 na 27 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1980,  tyna ba da iyakokin San José Canton sai wani yanki na Gabas na gundumar Uruca. Saboda haka birnin ya ƙunshi jimlar gundumomi na Carmen, Merced, Asibiti, Catedral, Zapote, San Francisco de Dos Ríos, Mata Redonda, Pavas, Hatillo, San Sebastián da wani ɓangare na gundumar Uruca .

 Yanayi 

San José yana da yanayin jika da bushewar yanayi na wurare masu zafi ( Köppen canjin yanayi Aw ).  Hazo ya bambanta sosai tsakanin watan mafi bushewa ( 6.3 mm (0.25 a) ) da kuma mafi ƙarancin watan ( 355.1 mm (13.98 a) ), yayin da matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya bambanta kaɗan da saura.  Watan mafi zafi shine Afrilu tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 23.7 °C (74.7 °F), yayin da mafi kyawun watan shine Oktoba tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) .

Manazarta