Ballet

Ballet (French: [balɛ]) wani nau'i ne na raye-rayen wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya samo asali a lokacin Renaissance na Italiya a karni na sha biyar kuma daga baya ya zama nau'i na raye-raye a Faransa da Rasha. Tun daga lokacin ya zama nau'in rawa mai yaɗuwa da fasaha sosai tare da ƙamus na kansa. Ballet ya kasance mai tasiri a duniya kuma ya bayyana dabarun tushen da ake amfani da su a wasu nau'ikan rawa da al'adu da yawa. Makarantu daban-daban a duniya sun haɗa al'adunsu. A sakamakon haka, ballet ya samo asali ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Ballet a matsayin aikin haɗin kai ya ƙunshi zane-zane da kiɗa don ƙirƙirar ballet. ƙwararrun  masu rawa ce kuma suna yin su. Ana yin raye- rayen gargajiya na gargajiya tare da rakiyar kade-kade na gargajiya da yin amfani da fitattun kayayyaki da kide-kide, yayin da ’yan wasan ƙwallo na zamani sukan yi su cikin sauƙi kuma ba tare da ƙayyadadden tsari ko kyan gani ba.

 Asalin kalma 
Ballet kalma ce ta Faransanci wacce ta samo asali ne a cikin balletto na Italiyanci, ƙarancin ballo (rawa) wanda ya fito daga Latin ballo, ballare,  ma'ana "don rawa",Chantrell, Glynnis (2002). The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Word Histories. New York: Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-19098-2.Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "A Greek-English Lexicon". Perseus Digital Library. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29.   wanda kuma ya fito daga Girkanci "βαλλίζω" (ballizo), "don rawa, tsalle game".Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "A Greek-English Lexicon". Perseus Digital Library. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29.Harper, Douglas. "Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13.   Kalmar ta zo cikin amfani da Ingilishi daga Faransanci a kusa da 1630.

 Tarihi 
Ballet ya samo asali ne a kotunan Renaissance na Italiya na ƙarni na sha biyar da na sha shida. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar Catherine de' Medici a matsayin Sarauniya, ya bazu zuwa Faransa, inda ya ci gaba har ma.  Mawakan rawa a cikin waɗannan ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kotun farko galibinsu ƴan rawa ne masu daraja. Tufafin ado an yi nufin burge masu kallo, amma sun hana ƴan wasan ƴancin motsi.Clarke, Mary; Crisp, Clement (1992). Ballet: An Illustrated History. Great Britain: Hamish Hamilton. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-0-241-13068-1. 

An yi wasan a cikin manyan ɗakuna tare da masu kallo a bangarori uku. Aiwatar da baka na proscenium daga 1618 akan masu wasan kwaikwayo masu nisa daga masu sauraro, wanda zai iya dubawa da kuma godiya da fasaha na ƙwararrun masu rawa a cikin abubuwan samarwa.
Ballet na kotun Faransa ya kai tsayin daka a karkashin mulkin Sarki Louis XIV. Louis ya kafa Académie Royale de Danse (Royal Dance Academy) a cikin shekarar 1661 don kafa ƙa'idodi da tabbatar da masu koyar da rawa."The Art of Power: How Louis XIV Ruled France ... With Ballet". Mental floss. 2017-03-15. Archived from the original on 2017-10-02. Retrieved 2017-10-02.  A shekara ta 1672, Louis XIV ya sanya Jean-Baptiste Lully darektan Académie Royale de Musique (Paris Opera) wanda kamfanin farko na ƙwararrun ballet ya tashi, Paris Opera Ballet.  Pierre Beauchamp yayi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ballet na Lully. Tare da haɗin gwiwarsu zai yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban wasan kwaikwayo, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar lamuni da aka ba su don ƙirƙirar manyan wurare biyar na ƙafafu. A shekara ta 1681, "ballerinas" na farko ya dauki mataki bayan shekaru na horo a Kwalejin. 

Ballet ya fara raguwa a Faransa bayan shekarar 1830, amma ya ci gaba da bunkasa a Denmark, Italiya, da Rasha. Zuwan Turai na Ballets Russes karkashin jagorancin Sergei Diaghilev a jajibirin yakin duniya na farko ya farfado da sha'awar wasan ballet kuma ya fara zama na zamani yanzu. 

A cikin karni na ashirin, ballet yana da tasiri mai yawa akan sauran nau'ikan raye-raye,  Hakanan a cikin karni na ashirin, ballet ya ɗauki bi da bi ya raba shi daga wasan ballet na gargajiya zuwa ƙaddamar da raye-rayen zamani, wanda ya haifar da ƙungiyoyin zamani a ƙasashe da yawa. 

Shahararrun raye-raye na karni na ashirin sun hada da Anna Pavlova, Galina Ulanova, Rudolf Nureyev, Maya Plisetskaya, Margot Fonteyn, Rosella Hightower, Maria Tall Chief, Erik Bruhn, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Suzanne Farrell, Gelsey Kirklanda , Natalia, Natalia, da kuma Natalia Hightower.  Jeanne Devereaux ya yi a matsayin firamare ballerina tsawon shekaru talatin kuma ya kafa tarihin duniya ta hanyar iya aiwatar da 16 sau uku.Lesko, Kathleen Menzie. Jeannne Devereaux, Prima Ballerina of Vaudeville and Broadway, pp. 3, 28-9, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, 2017, ISBN 978-1-4766-6694-5. Lesko, Kathleen Menzie. 

 Manazarta 

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