Kafofin yada labarai

Kafofin watsa labarai suna nufin nau'ikan fasahar watsa labarai daban-daban waɗanda ke isa ga ɗimbin masu sauraro ta hanyar sadarwar jama'a. Hanyoyin fasahar da wannan sadarwa ke gudana ta hanyar su sun haɗa da hanyoyi daban-daban.

Kafofin watsa labarai suna watsa bayanai ta hanyar electronically ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai kamar fina-finai, rediyo, kiɗan da aka yi rikodi, ko talabijin. Kafofin watsa labarai na dijital sun ƙunshi duka Intanet da sadarwa ta wayar hannu. Kafofin watsa labaru na Intanet sun ƙunshi ayyuka kamar imel, shafukan sada zumunta, gidajen yanar gizo, da rediyo da talabijin na tushen Intanet. Yawancin sauran kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun suna da ƙarin kasancewa akan gidan yanar gizo, ta hanyar haɗawa ko gudanar da tallan TV akan layi, ko rarraba lambobin QR a waje ko buga kafofin watsa labarai da jagorantar masu amfani da wayar hannu zuwa gidan yanar gizo. Ta wannan hanyar, za su iya amfani da sauƙi da damar kai wa Intanet damar, ta yadda ta haka cikin sauƙin watsa bayanai a cikin yankuna daban-daban na duniya lokaci guda kuma cikin farashi mai inganci. Kafofin watsa labarai na waje suna watsa bayanai ta hanyar irin wannan kafofin watsa labarai kamar tallan AR; allunan talla;  kumburi; allunan tallace-tallace masu tashi (signs in tow of airplanes); alluna ko kiosks da aka sanya a ciki da wajen motocin bas, gine-ginen kasuwanci, shaguna, filayen wasanni, motocin karkashin kasa, ko jiragen kasa; alamu; ko skywriting.  Kafofin watsa labarai suna watsa bayanai ta hanyar abubuwa na zahiri, kamar littattafai, ban dariya, mujallu, jaridu, ko ƙasidu.  Riesman et al. (1950) ch. 2 p. 50 Shirya taron da magana da jama'a kuma ana iya ɗaukar nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai. 
Ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da waɗannan fasahohin, irin su gidajen kallon fina-finai, kamfanonin buga littattafai, da gidajen rediyo da talabijin, ana kuma san su da kafofin watsa labarai.   

 Issues with definition 

A ƙarshen karni na 20, ana iya rarraba kafofin watsa labarai zuwa masana'antar watsa labarai guda takwas: littattafai, Intanet, mujallu, fina-finai, jaridu, rediyo, rikodin rikodin da talabijin. Fashewar fasahar sadarwar dijital a karshen karni na 20 zuwa farkon karni na 21 ya sanya babbar tambaya: wadanne nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai ya kamata a kasafta da "mass media"? Misali, yana da controversial ko haɗa wayar hannu, wasannin kwamfuta (kamar MMORPGs) da wasannin bidiyo a cikin ma'anar. A farkon shekarun 2000, an fara amfani da wani rarrabuwa da ake kira "Mass Media Bakwai". Sashwat Yogi "Role Of Media In Social Awareness (A Review Study)."  Domin gabatarwa, sune:

 Buga (littattafai, ƙasidu, jaridu, mujallu, fosta, da sauransu) daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 15
 Rikodi (rikodin gramophone, kaset na maganadisu, kaset, harsashi, CD da DVD) daga ƙarshen karni na 19
 Cinema daga 1900
 Rediyo daga kusan 1910
 Television daga 1950
 Intanet daga 1990
 Wayoyin hannu daga kusan 2000

Kowane matsakaicin taro yana da nau'ikan abun ciki na kansa, masu fasaha, masu fasaha da samfuran kasuwanci. Misali, intanit ya haɗa da bulogi, kwasfan fayiloli, rukunin yanar gizo da sauran fasahohi iri-iri da aka gina a saman hanyar sadarwa ta gama gari. Kafofin watsa labarai na shida da na bakwai, Intanet da wayoyin hannu, galibi ana kiran su gaba ɗaya azaman kafofin watsa labarai na dijital; da na huɗu da na biyar, rediyo da TV, kamar yadda kafofin watsa labarai watsa labarai. Wasu suna jayayya cewa wasannin bidiyo sun haɓaka zuwa nau'in watsa labarai na musamman. 
Yayin da wayar tarho na'urar sadarwa ce ta hanyoyi biyu, kafofin watsa labarai suna sadarwa zuwa babban rukuni. Bugu da kari, wayar ta rikide zuwa wayar salula wacce ke dauke da fasahar Intanet. Tambayar ta taso ko wannan ya sa wayar salula ta zama babbar hanyar sadarwar jama'a ko kuma kawai na'urar da ake amfani da ita don shiga hanyar sadarwa (Internet). A halin yanzu akwai tsarin da ‘yan kasuwa da masu talla za su iya shiga cikin tauraron dan adam, da watsa tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace kai tsaye zuwa wayar salula, ba tare da neman mai amfani da wayar ba. -tallace na jama'a ga miliyoyin mutane wani nau'i ne na sadarwar jama'a.

Wasannin bidiyo na iya kasancewa suna rikiɗa zuwa matsakaicin matsakaici. Wasannin bidiyo (misali, wasannin wasan kwaikwayo masu yawa akan layi (MMORPGs), irin su RuneScape) suna ba da ƙwarewar wasan gama gari ga miliyoyin masu amfani a duk faɗin duniya kuma suna isar da saƙon da akidu iri ɗaya ga duk masu amfani da su. Masu amfani wani lokaci suna raba gwaninta tare da juna ta yin wasa akan layi. Ban da Intanet, duk da haka, yana da shakka ko ’yan wasan wasannin bidiyo suna raba gogewa iri ɗaya lokacin da suke buga wasan ɗayan ɗayan. Yana yiwuwa a tattauna dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da suka faru na wasan bidiyo tare da aboki wanda bai taɓa yin wasa tare da shi ba, saboda ƙwarewar yana kama da kowane. Tambayar, ita ce, shin wannan wani nau'i ne na sadarwar jama'a.

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