Nihilism

Nihilism: (/ˈnaɪ( h )ɪlɪzəm, ˈniː-/; daga Latin nihil 'ba komai') Falsafa. ce, ko dangin ra'ayi a cikin falsafar, wanda ta ƙi yarda da shi gaba ɗaya ko sassa na wanzuwar ɗan adam,   kamar ainihin gaskiya, ilimi, ɗabi'a, dabi'u , ko ma'ana. Crosby, Donald A. (1998). "Nihilism". Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Taylor and Francis. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-N037-1. ISBN 9780415250696. As its name implies (from Latin nihil, 'nothing'), philosophical nihilism is a philosophy of negation, rejection, or denial of some or all aspects of thought or life.  Kalmar ta shahara ta Ivan Turgenev, kuma musamman ta basirarsa Bazarov a cikin littafin Uba da 'ya'ya (Fathers and Sons).

An sami matsayi daban-daban na nihilist, ciki har da cewa dabi'un mutum ba su da tushe, cewa rayuwa ba ta da ma'ana, ilimi ba shi yiwuwa, ko kuma cewa wasu nau'o'in halittu ba su wanzu ko rashin ma'ana ko ma'ana.  
Masanan nihilism na iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin lakabi kawai da aka yi amfani da su a kan falsafa daban-daban, Deleuze, Gilles (1962). Nietzsche and Philosophy. Translated by Tomlinson, Hugh. London: The Athlone Press (published 1983). ISBN 978-0-231-13877-2. Nietzsche calls the enterprise of denying life and depreciating existence nihilism. ko kuma a matsayin wani ra'ayi na tarihi daban-daban wanda ya taso daga nominalism, skepticism, da falsafancin falsafa, da kuma yiwuwar daga Kiristanci kanta.  Fahimtar ra'ayin na yau da kullum ya samo asali ne daga 'rikicin nihilism' Nietzschean, wanda daga ciki ya samo asali biyu na tsakiya: lalata manyan dabi'u da adawa ga tabbatar da rayuwa.   

Siffofin nihilism na farko, duk da haka, na iya zama mafi zaɓaɓɓu wajen yin watsi da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin zamantakewa, ɗabi'a, siyasa da kyawawan tunani. 

A wasu lokuta ana amfani da kalmar tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da anomie don bayyana yanayin gaba ɗaya na yanke ƙauna a fahimtar rashin ma'ana na wanzuwa ko kuma sabani na ƙa'idodin ɗan adam da cibiyoyin zamantakewa. An kuma bayyana Nhilism a matsayin bayyananne a cikin wasu lokuta na tarihi. Misali,  Jean Baudrillard Baudrillard, Jean. 1993. "Game with Vestiges." In Baudrillard Live, edited by M. Gane. Baudrillard, Jean. [1981] 1994. "On Nihilism." In Simulacra and Simulation, translated by S. F. Glasser. da sauransu sun siffanta bayan zamani a matsayin zamanin nihilistic  ko yanayin tunani. See: Rose, Gillian. 1984. Dialectic of Nihilism; Carr, Karen L. 1988. The Banalization of Nihilism; Pope John-Paul II. 1995. Evangelium vitae: Il valore e l'inviolabilita delta vita umana. Milan: Paoline Editoriale Libri." Haka nan, wasu malaman tauhidi da malaman addini sun bayyana cewa bayan zamani  da yawancin abubuwan zamani  suna wakiltar nihilism ta hanyar watsi da ka'idodin addini. Nihilism, duk da haka, an danganta shi da ra'ayoyi na addini da na rashin addini. 
A cikin sanannun amfani, da kalmar yawanci tana nufin nau'ikan nihilism na wanzuwa, bisa ga abin da rayuwa ba ta da ƙima, ma'ana, ko manufa.  Sauran manyan mukamai a cikin nihilism sun haɗa da ƙin duk wani ra'ayi na al'ada da na ɗabi'a (§ Nihilism na ɗabi'a), ƙin yarda da duk cibiyoyin zamantakewa da siyasa (§ Nihilism na siyasa), matsayin da babu wani ilimi da zai iya ko ya wanzu (§ Epistemological nihilism), da kuma yawan matsayi na metaphysical, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ba su da tushe ba su wanzu ba (§ Metaphysical nihilism), cewa abubuwan da aka haɗa ba su wanzu (§ Mereological nihilism ), ko ma cewa rayuwar kanta ba ta wanzu ba.

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