Tekun Caspian

Tekun Caspian shi ne ruwa mafi girma a cikin ƙasa a duniya, wanda galibi ana kwatanta shi a matsayin tafki mafi girma a duniya ko kuma cikakken teku.   "Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea". President Of Russia. Archived from the original on 2022-03-12. Retrieved 2022-01-22. Basin endorheic yana tsakanin Turai da Asiya; gabas da Caucasus, yamma da faffadan tazara ta Tsakiyar Asiya, kudu da filayen albarkatu na Kudancin Rasha a Gabashin Turai, da arewacin Dutsen Iran na Yammacin Asiya. Yana rufe fili mai girman 143,550 sq mi (372,000 km   (ban da babban tafkin ruwan saline na Garabogazköl zuwa gabas) da girma na 78,200 km3 Yana da salinity na kusan 1.2% (12 g/L), kusan kashi uku na salinity na matsakaicin ruwan teku. Tana iyaka da Kazakhstan zuwa arewa maso gabas, Rasha a arewa maso yamma, Azerbaijan a kudu maso yamma, Iran a kudu, da Turkmenistan a kudu maso gabas.
Tekun ya kai kusan 1,200 km (750 mi) daga arewa zuwa kudu, tare da matsakaicin faɗin 320 km (200 mi). Babban ɗaukar hoto shine 386,400 km2   kuma saman yana kusan 27 m (89 ft) kasa matakin teku. Babban ruwa mai shiga ruwa, kogin Turai mafi tsayi, Volga, yana shiga a ƙarshen arewa mara zurfi. Ruwan ruwa mai zurfi guda biyu sun zama yankunan tsakiya da na kudu. Waɗannan suna haifar da bambance-bambance a kwance a yanayin zafi, salinity, da muhalli. Yankin teku a kudu ya kai 1,023 m (3,356 ft) ƙasa da matakin teku, wanda shine na biyu mafi ƙasƙanci na yanayin rashin ruwa a duniya bayan tafkin Baikal (−1,180 m ko -3,870 ft ). Rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta daga tsoffin mazaunan bakin tekun sun fahimci Tekun Caspian a matsayin teku, mai yiwuwa saboda salinity da girmansa. Tare da fili mai , Tekun Caspian ya kusan ninki biyar girman tafkin Superior (  ). https://web.archive.org/web/20101029215637/http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/physfacts.html, Retrieved 2023-01-01. Tekun Caspian gida ne ga nau'ikan  da Tekun Caspian da Tekun Kaspian sun san Tekun Caspian kuma ana san su da masana'antar caviar da masana'antar mai). Gurbacewar masana'antar mai da kuma madatsun ruwa da ke kwarara a cikinta sun yi illa ga muhallinta.

 Asalin kalma 
Sunan tafkin ya samo asali ne daga Caspi, mutanen da suka rayu a kudu maso yammacin teku a Transcaucasia.  Strabo (ya mutu kimanin AD 24) ya rubuta cewa "ga ƙasar Albaniya (Caucasus Albania kada a ruɗe da ƙasar Albaniya) tana kuma da yankin da ake kira Caspiane, wanda ake kiransa da sunan kabilar Caspian, kamar yadda kuma teku; amma yanzu kabilar ta bace".  Haka kuma, Ƙofar Caspian, wani yanki na lardin Teheran na Iran, na iya sa irin waɗannan mutanen sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudanci. Birnin Qazvin na Iran yana da tushen sunan da wannan sunan na teku na kowa. Sunan Larabci na gargajiya da na daɗaɗɗen teku shine Bahr (teku) Xazar amma a cikin ƙarni na baya-bayan nan sunan gama gari kuma daidaitaccen suna a cikin harshen Larabci shine Baḥr Qazvin Larabci daga Caspian.  A cikin  na zamani, Kaspiyskoye more. 

Wasu ƙabilun Turkawa suna magana da shi tare da bayanin Caspi(an); a Kazakh ana kiranta , Kaspiy teñizi, , . Wasu kuma suna kiransa da Tekun Khazar: Turkmen; Azerbaijani   , . A cikin waɗannan duka kalmar farko tana nufin Khazars na tarihi waɗanda ke da babban daula mai tushe a arewacin Tekun Caspian tsakanin ƙarni na 7 zuwa na 10.

A Iran, ana kiran tafkin da Tekun Mazandaran (Persian), bayan lardin Mazandaran mai tarihi a gabar tekun kudancinta. 

Tsohuwar tushen Rasha suna amfani da Khvalyn ko Tekun Khvalis (  ) bayan sunan Khwarezmia. Max Vasmer, Etimologicheskii slovar' russkogo yazyka, Vol. IV (Moscow: Progress, 1973), p. 229.

Daga cikin Helenawa da Farisa a zamanin da na gargajiya shine tekun Hyrcanian. 

Taswirorin Renaissance na Turai sun lakafta shi da Tekun Abbacuch (Taswirar Duniya ta Oronce Fine ta 1531), Mar de Bachu (Taswirar Ortellius' 1570), ko Mar de Sala (taswirar Mercator's 1569).
Har ila yau, wani lokaci ana kiranta Tekun Kumyk Абдулгаффар Кырыми. Умдет ал-ахбар. Книга 2: Перевод. Серия «Язма Мирас. Письменное Наследие. (tr. "Abdulgaffar Crimea. Umdet al-ahbar. Book 2: Translation. Series "Written Heritage. Written Heritage.") Textual Heritage». Вып. 5 / Пер. с османского Ю. Н. Каримовой, И. М. Миргалеева; общая и научная редакция, предисловие и комментарии И. М. Миргалеева. — Казань: Институт истории им. Ш. Марджани АН РТ, 2018. — 200 с da Tekun Tarki Гусейнов Г.-Р., "Султан-Мут и западные пределы кумыкского государства", материалы научной конференции, (tr. " "Sultan-Mut and the western limits of the Kumyk state", materials of the scientific conference") journal Средневековые тюрко-татарские государства, 2009 (wanda aka samo daga sunan Kumyk da babban birninsu na tarihi Tarki).

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