Numidia

Numidia (Berber: Inumiden; 202–40 BC) ita ce tsohuwar daular Numidians da ke arewa maso yammacin Afirka, wanda da farko ta ƙunshi yankin da a yanzu ya zama Aljeriya ta zamani, amma daga baya ta faɗaɗa abin da a yau ake kira Tunisiya, Libya, da wasu sassa na Maroko. Tun asali an raba siyasar tsakanin Massylii a gabas da Masaesyli a yamma. A lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Biyu (218-201 BC), Masinissa, sarkin Massylii, ya ci Syphax na Masaesyli don haɗa Numidia zuwa masarauta ɗaya. Masarautar ta fara ne a matsayin ƙasa mai cikakken iko kuma daga baya ta canza tsakanin kasancewa lardin Romawa da ƙasar abokin ciniki na Romawa.

Numidia, a iyakarta, tana iyaka da Mauretania zuwa yamma, a kogin Moulouya,  Afirka Proconsularis daga gabas, Tekun Bahar Rum a arewa, da Sahara a kudu. Ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan jihohi na farko a tarihin Aljeriya da Berbers.

 Tarihi 

 'Yanci 
Masana tarihi na Girka sun kira waɗannan mutane da “Νομάδες” (watau Nomads), wanda ta hanyar fassarar Latin ya zama "Numidae" (amma cf. kuma daidai amfani da Nomades). Numida and Nomas Masanin tarihi Gabriel Camps, duk da haka, ya yi jayayya da wannan da'awar, yana fifita a maimakon asalin Afirka don wannan lokacin. Jongeling, Karel & Kerr, Robert M. (2005). Late Punic epigraphy: an introduction to the study of Neo-Punic and Latino-Punic inscriptions. Mohr Siebeck. p. 4. ISBN 3-16-148728-1.

Sunan ya fara bayyana a Polybius (karni na biyu BC) don nuna al'ummomi da yankunan yammacin Carthage ciki har da dukan arewacin Aljeriya har zuwa kogin Mulucha (Muluya), kimanin kilomita . yammacin Oran. 

Numidians sun ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu masu girma: Massylii a gabashin Numidia, da Masaesyli a yamma. A lokacin sashe na farko na Yaƙin Punic na Biyu, Massylii na gabas, ƙarƙashin sarkinsu Gala, sun haɗa kai da Carthage, yayin da Masaesyli na yamma, ƙarƙashin sarki Syphax, sun kasance tare da Roma. Masarautar Masaesyli da ke ƙarƙashin Syphax ta tashi daga kogin Moulouya zuwa Oued Rhumel. History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D.
Sigfried J. de Laet, Joachim Herrmann
UNESCO,
Duk da haka, a cikin 206 BC, sabon sarkin Massylii na gabas, Masinissa, ya haɗa kansa da Roma, kuma Syphax na Masaesyli ya canza mubaya'arsa zuwa bangaren Carthaginian. A ƙarshen yaƙin, Romawa masu nasara sun ba da dukan Numidia ga Masinissa na Massylii. A lokacin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 148 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, yankin Masinissa ya tashi daga Moulouya zuwa iyakar yankin Carthaginian, da kuma kudu maso gabas har zuwa Cyrenaica har zuwa gabar tekun Sirte, ta yadda Numidia ta kewaye Carthage gaba daya (Appian, Punica, 106). sai dai wajen teku. Bugu da ƙari, bayan kama Syphax sarki a zamanin yau Maroko tare da babban birninta a Tingis, Bokkar, ya zama vassal na Massinissa. Massinissa ya kuma kutsa har zuwa kudu bayan Atlas zuwa Gaetuli kuma Fezzan yana cikin yankinsa.

A cikin 179 BC Masinissa ya sami kambu na zinariya daga mazaunan Delos yayin da ya ba su kayan abinci. An kafa wani mutum-mutumi na Masinissa a Delos don girmama shi da kuma wani rubutu da wani ɗan ƙasar Rhodes ya keɓe masa a Delos. 'Ya'yansa maza kuma sun gina gunkinsa a tsibirin Delos kuma Sarkin Bitiniya, Nikodedes, ya keɓe wani mutum-mutumi ga Masinissa. Itineraria Phoenicia - Edward Lipiński

Bayan mutuwar Masinisa mai tsayi a kusa da 148 BC, dansa Micipsa ne ya gaje shi. Lokacin da Micipsa ya mutu a shekara ta 118 BC, ’ya’yansa biyu Hiempsal I da Aderbal da shege jikan Masinissa, Jugurtha, suka gaje shi tare da juna. Hiempsal da Jugurtha sun yi jayayya nan da nan bayan mutuwar Micipsa. Jugurtha ya kashe Hiempsal, wanda ya kai ga bude yaki da Aherbal. Sallust (c. 40 BCE), Jugurthine War XI–XIII.







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