Daular Achaemenid

TAchaemenid Empire

Daular Achaemenid ko Daular Achaemeniya   (/ˈkiːmənɪd/; Old Persian, , lit. 'The Empire'  ko 'The Kingdom'), wacce kuma ake kira daular Farisa ta farko,  tsohuwar daular Iran ce da Cyrus mai girma ya kafa a shekara ta 550 BC. An kafa ta a Yammacin Asiya, a yanzu ita ce daula mafi girma a tarihi, wacce ta kai jimlar . daga Balkans da Masar a yamma zuwa tsakiyar Asiya da kwarin Indus a gabas.  

Kusan ƙarni na 7 BC, Farisawa ne suka zaunar da yankin Farisa a kudu maso yammacin tudun Iran.  Daga Farisa, Cyrus ya tashi ya ci daular Median da Lydia da Daular Neo-Babila, wanda ke nuna alamar kafa sabuwar mulkin daular a karkashin daular Achaemenid.
A zamanin yau, an san daular Achaemenid saboda shigar da ingantaccen tsarin gudanarwa na tsakiya, na hukuma; manufofinta na al'adu da yawa; gina haɗaddɗun ababen more rayuwa, irin su tsarin hanya da tsarin gidan waya da aka tsara; amfani da harsunan hukuma a faɗin yankunansa; da bunƙasa ayyukan farar hula, gami da mallakar manyan sojoji masu ƙwarewa. Ci gabanta ya ba da himma wajen aiwatar da irin wannan salon mulki ta wasu masarautu daban-daban daga baya. 

A shekara ta 330 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, Alexander the Great, babban mai sha'awar Cyrus mai girma ya ci daular Achaemenid; cin nasarar ya nuna wata babbar nasara a yaƙin  na daular Makidoniya da ke ci gaba da yi a lokacin.   Kamar yadda mutuwar Alexander ta haifar da farkon zamanin Hellenistic, yawancin yankunan daular Achaemenid da ta rushe sun kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Ptolemaic da kuma daular Seleucid, dukansu sun zama magaji ga Daular Makidoniya bayan rabuwar Triparadisus a cikin 321 BC. Mulkin Hellenanci ya kasance yana nan kusan karni guda kafin manyan Iraniyawa na tsakiyar tudu su kwato mulki a karkashin Daular Parthia.

 Name (Suna) 
Daular Achaemeniya ta ari sunanta daga kakan Cyrus Mai Girma, wanda ya kafa daular, Achaemenes. Kalmar  tana nufin "na dangin Achaemenis/Achaemenes" (Old Persian   Haxāmaniš ;  wani fili na bahuvrihi yana fassara zuwa "samun tunanin aboki").  Achaemenes shi kansa ƙaramin sarki ne na ƙarni na bakwai na Anshan a kudu maso yammacin Iran, kuma bawan Assuriya.  

Kusan 850 BC, mutanen ƙauyuka na asali waɗanda suka fara daular suna kiran kansu Parsa da yankinsu na yau da kullun Parsua, galibi suna kewaye da Farisa.  Sunan "Persia" furcin Girkanci ne da Latin na asalin kalmar da ke nufin ƙasar mutanen da suka samo asali daga Farisa (Tsohuwar Farisa: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, Pārsa) .  Kalmar Farisa Xšāça.
Kusan 850 BC, mutanen ƙauyuka na asali waɗanda suka fara daular suna kiran kansu Parsa da yankinsu na yau da kullun Parsua, galibi suna kewaye da Farisa.  Sunan "Persia" furcin Girkanci ne da Latin na asalin kalmar da ke nufin ƙasar mutanen da suka samo asali daga Farisa (Tsohuwar Farisa: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, Pārsa) .  Kalmar Farisa Xšāça.a zahiri ma'anar "Masarauta", an yi amfani da shi don nufin daular da ƙasarsu ta duniya ta kafa.




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