Jerusalem

Jerusalem  (/dʒəˈruːsələm/;     Urushalima;     Al-Quds Al-Sharif ) A-Z Guide to the Qur'an: A Must-have Reference to Understanding the Contents of the Islamic Holy Book by Mokhtar Stork (1999): "JERUSALEM: Referred to in Arabic as Baitul Muqaddas (The Holy House) or Baitul Maqdis (The House of the Sanctuary)". Pan-Islamism in India & Bengal by Mohammad Shah (2002), p. 63: "... protector of Mecca, Medina and Baitul Muqaddas, the sacred places of pilgrimage of the Muslim world"   birni ne, da ke a Yammacin Asiya.Tana kan tudun  Yahudawa tsakanin Tekun Bahar Rum da Tekun Gishiri, tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin birane a duniya kuma ana ɗaukarsa birni mai tsarki ga manyan addinan Ibrahim guda uku: Yahudanci, Kiristanci, da Musulunci. Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawan duka suna ikirarin birnin Kudus a matsayin babban birninsu, yayin da Isra'ila ke riƙe da cibiyoyin gwamnatinta na farko a can kuma ƙasar Falasdinu a ƙarshe ta yi hasashen cewa ita ce ke da kujerar mulki. Saboda wannan takaddama, ba a san da'awar ba a duniya.  

A cikin dogon tarihinta, an halaka Urushalima aƙalla sau biyu, an kewaye ta sau 23, an kama ta kuma an sake kama ta sau 44, an kuma kai hari sau 52.  Sashen Urushalima da ake kira birnin Dauda ya nuna alamun farko na zama a cikin ƙarni na 4 K.Z., a cikin siffar sansani na makiyaya.  A lokacin Kan'aniyawa (ƙarni na 14 KZ), ana kira Urushalima da sunan Urusalim akan allunan Masarawa na da, mai yiwuwa ma'anar "Birnin Shalem " bayan gunkin Kan'aniyawa. A lokacin Isra’ilawa, an soma gagarumin aikin gine-gine a Urushalima a ƙarni na 9 K.Z. (Age II), kuma a ƙarni na 8 K.Z., birnin ya zama cibiyar addini da gudanarwa na Mulkin Yahudawa  A cikin shekarar 1538, an sake gina ganuwar birnin a karo na ƙarshe a kewayen Urushalima a ƙarƙashin Suleiman Mai Girman Daular Usmaniyya. A yau waɗancan ganuwar suna bayyana Tsohon birni, wanda aka raba bisa al'ada zuwa kashi huɗu-wanda aka sani tun farkon ƙarni na 19 a matsayin yankin Armeniya, Kiristanci, Bayahude, da Musulmai.  Tsohon birni ya zama Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a cikin shekarar 1981, kuma tana cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya cikin haɗari.  Tun daga shekara ta 1860, Urushalima ta yi girma fiye da iyakokin Tsohon birnin. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar 2015, Kudus tana da mazauna kusan 850,000, wanda ya ƙunshi Yahudawan Isra'ila kusan 200,000, Yahudawan Haredi 350,000 da Falasɗinawa 300,000.   A cikin shekarar 2016, yawan jama'a ya kai 882,700, wanda yahudawa sun ƙunshi 536,600 (61%), Musulmai 319,800 (36%), Kirista 15,800 (2%), da 10,300 waɗanda ba a tantance su ba (1%). 

Bisa ga Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci, Sarki Dauda ya ci birnin daga hannun Yebusiyawa kuma ya kafa ta a matsayin babban birnin Ƙasar Ingila na Isra’ila, kuma ɗansa, Sarki Sulemanu, ya ba da umarnin gina Temple na Farko.  Masana na zamani suna jayayya cewa Yahudawa sun fito daga al’ummar Kan’aniyawa da al’adunsu ta wurin haɓaka addini guda ɗaya—da kuma daga baya na tauhidi—addini da ke kan El/Yahweh. Tubb, 1998. pp. 13–14.  Rendsberg, Gary (2008). "Israel without the Bible". In Frederick E. Greenspahn. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship. NYU Press, pp. 3–5 Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a farkon karni na 1 K.Z., sun ɗauki babban mahimmancin alama ga mutanen Yahudawa. Since the 10th century BCE:  Sobriquet na birni mai tsarki (  ) Wataƙila an haɗa shi da Urushalima a lokacin da aka yi hijira.    Tsarkin Urushalima a cikin Kiristanci, wanda aka kiyaye shi a cikin fassarar Hellenanci na Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci, Isaiah 52:1 πόλις ἡ ἁγία. wanda Kiristoci suka ɗauka a matsayin nasu "Tsohon Alkawari", Joseph T. Lienhard, The Bible, the Church, and Authority: The Canon of the Christian Bible in History and Theology, Liturgical Press, 1995 pp. 65–66: 'The Septuagint is a Jewish translation and was also used in the synagogue. But at the end of the first century C.E. many Jews ceased to use the Septuagint because the early Christians had adopted it as their own translation, and it began to be considered a Christian translation.' an ƙarfafa ta da labarin Sabon Alkawari na gicciye Yesu da tashinsa daga matattu a can. A cikin Islama na Sunna, Kudus ita ce birni na uku mafi tsarki, bayan Makka da Madina. Third-holiest city in Islam: Middle East peace plans by Willard A. Beling: "The Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount is the third holiest site in Sunni Islam after Mecca and Medina". Birnin shi ne alqibla ta farko, madaidaicin alkiblar musulmi (salah),  kuma a cikin al'adar Musulunci, Annabi Muhammadu (SWA) ya yi Tafiyar Dare a can a shekara ta 621, ya je al'arshi inda yayi magana da Allah, bisa ga yadda Alkur'ani ya bayyana.   A sakamakon haka, duk da samun yanki na kawai ,  Tsohon birni gida ne ga wurare da yawa na mahimmancin addini, daga cikinsu akwai Dutsen Temple tare da bangonsa na Yamma, Dome na Rock da Masallacin al-Aqsa, da Cocin Mai Tsarki.
A yau, matsayin birnin Kudus ya kasance daya daga cikin batutuwan da ke cikin rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu. A lokacin yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a shekara ta 1948, yammacin birnin Kudus na daga cikin yankunan da Isra'ila ta kwace daga bisani kuma ta mamaye gabashin birnin Kudus, ciki har da tsohon birnin kasar Jordan daga baya. Isra'ila ta kwace Gabashin Kudus daga kasar Jordan a lokacin yakin kwanaki shida na 1967 sannan daga bisani ta mamaye birnin na Kudus, tare da karin yankunan da ke kewaye.  Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Isra'ila, Dokar Kudus ta 1980, tana nufin Urushalima a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar da ba a raba. Dukkan sassan gwamnatin Isra'ila suna birnin Kudus, ciki har da Knesset (majalisar dokokin Isra'ila), da gidajen Firayim Minista (Beit Aghion ) da kuma shugaban kasa (Beit HaNassi), da kuma Kotun Koli. Kasashen duniya sun yi watsi da mamayen a matsayin haramtacce kuma suna daukar Gabashin Kudus a matsayin yankin Falasdinawa da Isra'ila ta mamaye.                            

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