Bauta

Bauta da enslavement su ne halin zama da yanayin zaman bawa,   wanda shi ne wanda aka hana shi barin hidimar bawa, kuma wanda mai bautar da bawa ya dauke shi a matsayin dukiyarsa.  Bauta yawanci ta kunshi wanda aka bautar da aka sa ya yi wani nau'i na aiki yayin da kuma mai bautar ya fadi inda yake. A tarihi, sa’ad da mutane suke bauta, sau da yawa yakan faru ne saboda suna bin su bashi, sun karya doka, ko kuma sun sha kashi na soja: Tsawon lokacin bautar na iya zama na rayuwa ne, ko kuma na kayyadadden lokacin da aka ba su ’yanci.Baker-Kimmons, Leslie C. "Slavery" in Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, Volume 3, p. 1234 (edited by Richard T. Schaefer, SAGE Publishing, 2008). Don haka, daidaikun mutane sukan zama bayi ba da gangan ba, saboda  tilastawa, ko da yake akwai kuma bautar son rai don biyan bashi ko samun kudi don wata manufa. A cikin tarihin dan adam, bautar wani nau'in siffa ce ta wayewa,  kuma ta shari'a a yawancin al'ummomi, to amma yanzu an haramta ta a duk kasashen duniya, sai dai a matsayin hukuncin laifi.
A cikin bautar chattel, ana ba da bawa bisa doka ta mallaki dukiya (chattel) na mai bawa. A fannin tattalin arziki, kalmar de facto bautar tana kwatanta yanayin aiki mara yanci da aikin tilastawa wanda yawancin bayi ke jurewa. 

A  2019, kusan mutane miliyan 40, wadanda kashi 26 cikin dari yara ne, ana bautar da su a duk fadin duniya duk da cewa haramun ne. A cikin duniyar zamani, fiye da kashi 50 cikin 100 na bayi suna ba da aikin tilastawa, yawanci a cikin masana'antu da shagunan gumi na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na tattalin arzikin kasa.  A cikin kasashe masu arzikin masana'antu, fataucin dan adam wani nau'in bauta ne na zamani; a kasashen da ba masu sana’a ba, bauta ta hanyar bautar bashi wani nau’i ne na bautar da mutum,  kamar bayin gida da aka kama, auren dole, da yara kanana. 


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