Emotion

Emotions sune jihohin tunani da canje-canje na neurophysiological ke kawowa, daban-daban masu alaƙa da tunani, ji, amsa ɗabi'a, da matakin jin daɗi ko rashin jin daɗi.Panksepp, Jaak (2005). Affective neuroscience: the foundations of human and animal emotions ([Reprint] ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0195096736. Our emotional feelings reflect our ability to subjectively experience certain states of the nervous system. Although conscious feeling states are universally accepted as major distinguishing characteristics of human emotions, in animal research the issue of whether other organisms feel emotions is little more than a conceptual embarrassment  Cabanac, Michel (2002). "What is emotion?" Behavioural Processes 60(2): 69–83. "[E]motion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure)."  A halin yanzu babu yarjejeniya ta kimiyya akan ma'anar. Sau da yawa motsin rai yana haɗuwa tare da  yanayi, hali, hali, ko kerawa. Ekman, Paul; Davidson, Richard J. (1994). The Nature of emotion: fundamental questions. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 291–293. ISBN 978-0195089448. Emotional processing, but not emotions, can occur unconsciously.

Bincike kan motsin rai ya karu cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata tare da ba da gudummawa da yawa a fannonin da suka haɗa da ilimin halin ɗan adam, likitanci, tarihi, ilimin zamantakewa na motsin rai, da kimiyyar kwamfuta. Yawancin ra'ayoyin da ke ƙoƙarin bayyana asali, aiki da sauran sassa na motsin rai sun haifar da ƙarin bincike mai zurfi akan wannan batu. Yankunan bincike na yanzu a cikin ra'ayi na motsin rai sun haɗa da haɓaka kayan da ke motsa jiki da kuma tayar da hankali. Bugu da kari, PET sikanin da fMRI sikanin suna taimakawa nazarin hanyoyin hoto masu tasiri a cikin kwakwalwa.Cabanac, Michel (2002). "What is emotion?" Behavioural Processes 60(2): 69–83. "[E]motion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure)."
Daga hangen nesa na injiniya, ana iya bayyana motsin zuciyarmu a matsayin "ƙwarewa mai kyau ko mara kyau wanda ke da alaƙa da wani tsari na aikin ilimin lissafi." Hannun motsin rai suna haifar da canje-canje daban-daban na ilimin lissafi, halayya da fahimi. Matsayin asali na motsin rai shine don motsa ɗabi'un daidaitawa waɗanda a baya zasu ba da gudummawar wucewar kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar rayuwa, haifuwa, da zaɓin dangi.  

A wasu ra'ayoyin, fahimta abu ne mai mahimmanci na motsin rai. Wasu ra'ayoyin, duk da haka, suna da'awar cewa motsin rai ya bambanta da kuma yana iya gaba da fahimta. Fuskar da hankali a hankali yana nuna wakilcin tunani na wannan motsin rai daga wani abin da ya gabata ko na hasashe, wanda ke da alaƙa baya ga yanayin abun ciki na jin daɗi ko rashin jin daɗi.Scirst=Daniel L. (2011). Psychology Second Edition. New York: Worth Publishers. p. 310. ISBN 978-1429237192. Jihohin abun ciki an kafa su ta hanyar bayyani na gogewa, suna kwatanta yanayin ciki.Lisa Feldman Barrett; Michael Lewis; Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones, eds. (2016). Handbook of emotions (Fourth ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1462525348. OCLC 950202673.

Hankali yana da rikitarwa. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban akan tambayar ko motsin zuciyarmu yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin halayenmu.  A gefe guda, ilimin halittar jiki na motsin rai yana da alaƙa da haɓakar tsarin juyayi. Har ila yau, motsin rai yana da alaƙa da halin ɗabi'a. Mutanen da ba a san su ba sun fi zama masu zaman kansu da kuma bayyana motsin zuciyar su, yayin da mutanen da suka shiga cikin jama'a sukan fi janye hankalinsu da kuma boye motsin zuciyar su. Hankali sau da yawa shi ne ke haifar da kuzari. A daya hannun, motsin zuciyarmu ba karfi ne na haddasawa amma kawai cututtuka na sassa, wanda zai iya haɗawa da motsawa, ji, hali, da canje-canje na jiki, amma babu ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan da ke da motsin rai. Haka kuma motsin rai ba mahalli ne da ke haifar da waɗannan abubuwan ba. 
Hannun motsin rai sun ƙunshi sassa daban-daban, kamar ƙwarewa na zahiri, hanyoyin fahimta, halayen bayyanawa, canje-canje na psychophysiological, da halayen kayan aiki. A wani lokaci, masu ilimin kimiyya sun yi ƙoƙari su gano motsin rai tare da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan: William James tare da kwarewa mai mahimmanci, masu hali tare da halayen kayan aiki, masu ilimin psychophysiologists tare da sauye-sauye na jiki, da sauransu. Kwanan nan, an ce motsin rai ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwan da aka gyara. Daban-daban na ɓangarorin motsin rai an karkasa su da ɗan bambanta dangane da horon ilimi. A cikin ilimin halin dan Adam da falsafar, motsin rai yawanci ya haɗa da wani abu na zahiri, ƙwarewar sanin yakamata wanda aka fi sani da maganganun psychophysiological, halayen halittu, da yanayin tunani. Ana samun irin wannan bayanin nau'ikan nau'ikan motsin rai a cikin ilimin zamantakewa. Misali, Peggy Thoits Reitsema, A.M. (2021). "Emotion dynamics in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic and descriptive review". Emotion. 22 (2): 374–396. doi:10.1037/emo0000970. PMID 34843305. S2CID 244748515. ya bayyana motsin zuciyarmu kamar yadda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin lissafi, alamomin al'adu ko na tunani (fushi, mamaki, da sauransu), ayyukan jiki bayyananne, da kimanta yanayi da mahallin.

 Manazarta. 

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