Labarin kasa na Nijeriya

Najeriya kasa ce a yammacin Afirka, tana da iyaka da Jamhuriyar Benin daga yamma, Chadi da Kamaru daga gabas, da Nijar a arewa.Tekunta yana kan gabar tekun Guinea a kudu kuma tana iyaka da tafkin Chadi zuwa arewa maso gabas. Filayen da suka shahara a Najeriya sun hada da Plateau Adamawa, Plateau Mambilla, Jos Plateau,Plateau Obudu, Kogin Neja, Kogin Benue, da Neja Delta.

Ana samun Najeriya a cikin wurare masu zafi, inda yanayin yanayi ke da ɗanshi da ɗanshi sosai.Yanayin yanayi guda hudu ya shafa Najeriya; Wadannan nau'ikan yanayi gaba ɗaya ana yin su ne daga kudu zuwa arewa.

Da fadin kasa kilomita 923,768,manyan kogunan Najeriya su ne Nijar,inda ta samo sunan ta,da kuma Benue, wadda ita ce ta farko a Nijar.Wurin da ya fi daukaka a kasar shi ne Chappal Waddi(ko Gangirwal) mai tsayin mita 2,419(7,936 ft.), wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Adamawa a dajin Gashaka-Gumti, jihar Taraba, kan iyaka da Kamaru.

Babban birninta shi ne Abuja, yana cikin tsakiyar kasar, yayin da Legas ita ce babbar tashar ruwa ta kasar, cibiyar hada-hadar kudi, kuma birni mafi girma. Ana sadarwa cikin yarukan Ingilishi (na hukuma), Hausa, Igbo, da Yarbanci. An kiyasta cewa Najeriya tana da kusan tarukan kabilai 250 daban-daban.

 Yanayi 
Yanayin damina mai zafi,wanda Köppen rarrabuwar yanayi ya zayyana a matsayin "Am",ana samunsa a kudancin ƙasar. Wannan yanayin yana tasiri da damina mai tasowa daga Kudancin Tekun Atlantika,wanda aka kawo cikin ƙasar ta hanyar iska(masu zafi na teku)MT,iska mai dumin ruwa zuwa ƙasa.Dumi-duminsa da tsananin zafi yana ba shi yanayi mai ƙarfi na hawan sama da kuma samar da ruwan sama mai yawa,wanda sakamakon tururin ruwa a cikin iskar da ke tashi cikin sauri.Yanayin damina mai zafi yana da ƙananan zafin jiki.Sa'an nan kuma yawan zafin jiki ya kusan zama a ko'ina cikin shekara;Misali,Warri da ke kudancin Najeriya yana da adadin na wata mafi zafi yayin da mafi ƙarancin zafinsa shine a cikin watan sa mafi sanyi.

Kudancin Najeriya na samun ruwan sama mai yawa da yawa.Wadannan guguwa yawanci suna jujjuyawa a yanayi saboda kusancin yankin da bel equatorial.Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da ake samu a wannan yanki yana da yawa sosai.Yankin Neja Delta na karbar sama da ruwan sama a kowace shekara.Sauran kudu maso gabas suna karbar tsakanin 2,000 zuwa ruwan sama a kowace shekara.Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana samun yawan ruwan sama mai ninki biyu,wanda ke da kololuwar ruwan sama guda biyu,tare da karancin lokacin rani da kuma lokacin rani mai tsayi tsakanin da bayan kowace kololuwa.Damina ta farko tana farawa ne daga watan Maris zuwa karshen watan Yuli inda ake samun kololuwa a cikin watan Yuni,wannan daminar kuma sai a samu hutun bushewa a cikin watan Agusta da aka fi sani da hutun watan Agusta wanda shi ne gajeren lokacin rani na tsawon makonni biyu zuwa uku.Agusta.Wannan hutun yana karyewa da ɗan gajeren lokacin damina wanda zai fara kusan farkon Satumba kuma yana dawwama zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba tare da lokacin kololuwa a ƙarshen Satumba. Ƙarshen gajeren lokacin damina a watan Oktoba yana biye da dogon lokacin rani. Wannan lokacin yana farawa daga ƙarshen Oktoba kuma yana ɗaukar zuwa farkon Maris tare da yanayin bushewa mafi girma tsakanin farkon Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Yanayin yanayi mai zafi na savanna(Aw) ko ruwan sanyi da bushewar yanayi yana da yawa a yanki kuma ya mamaye yawancin yamma zuwa tsakiyar Najeriya, inda yake yin tasiri mai yawa a yankin. Wannan yanayi shi ne ke da mafi yawan ƙasar kuma yana da alamun damina da rani daban-daban tare da kololu ɗaya da aka sani da matsakaicin lokacin rani. Zazzabi yana sama da  duk shekara. Abuja,babban birnin Najeriya da aka samu a tsakiyar Najeriya,yana da kewayon zafin jiki  zuwa da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kusan tare da ruwan sama guda ɗaya maxima a cikin Satumba. Lokacin rani yana fitowa daga Disamba zuwa Maris kuma yana da zafi da bushewa tare da iskar Harmattan,iska mai yawan zafin jiki na nahiyoyi(CT) mai cike da ƙura daga Sahara,tana mamaye tsawon wannan lokacin.

Tare da yankin Intertropical Convergence Zone da ke karkada arewa zuwa yammacin Afirka daga Kudancin Hemisphere a watan Afrilu,ruwan sama mai yawa yana fitowa daga gajimare masu jujjuyawa kafin damina,galibi a cikin nau'in layin squall wanda aka fi sani da arewa maso gabas ya samo asali ne sakamakon mu'amalar mutanen biyu. rinjayen jiragen sama a Najeriya da aka fi sani da yanayin zafi na ruwa(kudu maso yamma)da na nahiyoyi masu zafi (arewa maso gabas),yana farawa ne a tsakiyar Najeriya yayin da damina ke zuwa a watan Yuli,yana kawo zafi mai zafi,tsananin rufewar girgije da ruwan sama mai yawa har zuwa Satumba.lokacin da damina ta fara ja da baya a hankali zuwa kudancin Najeriya.Adadin ruwan sama a tsakiyar Najeriya ya bambanta daga  a cikin ƙananan ƙasa zuwa sama da  tare da kudu maso yammacin Jos Plateau . 

Wani yanayi mai zafi(BSh)ya zama ruwan dare a yankin Sahel da ke arewacin Najeriya.Jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da ƙasa.Daminar damina a yankin Arewacin Najeriya na tsawon watanni uku zuwa hudu(Yuni-Satumba). Sauran shekara na zafi da bushewa tare da hawan zafi kamar  . Potiskum,jihar Yobe a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ya samu mafi karancin zafin jiki a Najeriya da ya kai .

Sauyin yanayi mai tsayi ko tsaunuka ko yanayin tsaunuka ana samunsu a yankunan tuddai a Najeriya.Tsaunuka masu yanayin tsaunuka a Najeriya,sun haura sama da matakin teku.Saboda yanayin da ke cikin wurare masu zafi,wannan tsayin yana da tsayin da zai kai ga yanayin yanayin yanayi mai zafi a cikin wurare masu zafi ta yadda ya ba tsaunuka,tsaunuka da yankunan tuddai masu tsayin daka sama da wannan tsayin,yanayin sanyin tsauni.

Ruwan sama a gabar tekun Neja-Delta ya yi yawa saboda kusancin yankin Delta da ma'adanin.Yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya bambanta daga 2,400 zuwa sama da milimita 4,000.

 Warri-2,730 mm
 Forcados(Garin bakin teku a Neja Delta) - 4,870 mm
 Port Harcourt - 2,400 mm
 Calabar(birnin bakin teku)- 3,070 mm(birni mafi ruwan sama da sama da mutane miliyan ɗaya a Najeriya)
 Bonny(kudancin Port Harcourt)- 4,200 mm

 Misalai 

 Duba kuma 

 Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya

 Nassoshi