Yobiko

Yobikō  makarantu ne masu zaman kansu da ake sayar da takardar shigansu ga ɗaliban da ke yin jarrabawar da ake yi kowace shekara a Japan daga Janairu zuwa Maris don tantance shigar koleji. Mafiya yawancin daliban dake shiga makarantungaba daya sun kammala karatun sakandare amma sun kasa shiga makarantar da suke so. Gwajin, ba kamar irin na baccalauréat na Faransa da Kwalejin Koriya ta Kudu ba, yana da nau'i daban-daban, tare da makarantu daban-daban suna neman sakamako daga jarrabawa daban-daban. A Japan, ana ɗaukar gwajin a matsayin mafi mahimmanci a cikin ilimin yara. Daliban da suka gaza suna iya ɗaukar shekara ɗaya ko fiye suna karatu don sake jarabawar. Ire-iren wadannan daliban ana kiran su da suna ronin. Yobiko suna kama da juku sai dai banbance-banbance kamar tsarin karatu, matsayin doka, da manyan nau'ikan ɗaliban da suke halarta. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry." Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 448–60 Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations." Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 285–303

 Matsayin doka. 
Su kamfanoni ne masu zaman kansu na riba Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): p.301 waɗanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Wasanni, Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Japan ta jera su a matsayin makarantu a hukumance.Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 448–60. A matakin gundumomi, ana kula da su ne daga hukumomin ilimi. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 448–60 Duk da haka, suna ƙarƙashin kulawa kaɗan, saboda bin ƙa'idodin yanayin jiki abin da aka fi bincikawa, kuma ba a duba tsarin karatu da albashin malamai. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 448–60

 Nau'ukan 
Yobiko ya bambanta da yawan ɗaliban da suka yi rajista. Mafi yawa sune na kowane birni, kuma kowannensu yana da ƙasa da ɗalibai 500.Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): p.287-288 Yobiko na ƙasa, wanda ake kira mammoth Yobiko, yana da ɗalibai 10,000 ko fiye. Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 288 Wasu kuma suna shirya ɗalibai don cin jarabawar shiga na musamman kamar na makarantun likitanci da na fasaha kuma suna da ɗalibai ƙasa da 100 kuma galibi suna karɓar kuɗin koyarwa fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 288

 Tsarin 

 Tsarin karatu 
An shirya tsarin karatun Yobiko ne don shirya ɗalibai suci jarabawar shiga jami'a, kuma manhajar tana da tsarin hadda da koyon dabarun jarabawa. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 456 Wani bincike na yobiko Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p. 44-49 na yau da kullun ya gano cewa tsarin karatun ya ƙunshi nazarin tambayoyin da ke kan jarrabawar da ta gabata, takamaiman hanyoyin inganta amsoshi, da takamaiman batutuwan da za a tattauna a cikin jarrabawar.

 Ma'aikata 
Ma’aikatan koyarwa na malamai iri-iri ne, galibinsu masu aikin yi da kuma malamai na wucin gadi kamar malaman da suka yi ritaya da malaman da ke da alaƙa da wata makaranta. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 455 Wasu kaɗan ne malamai na cikakken lokaci na yau da kullun. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 455

 Dalibai 
Akwai tazarar da ke tsakanin shekarun ɗaliban da ke zuwa yobikō. Daliban manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare an san su da halartar Makarantun Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 288 Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 449 bayan sa'o'in karatunsu na yau da kullum da kuma ranar Lahadi Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 288 amma yawancin ɗalibai rōnin, waɗanda suka kammala karatun sakandare waɗanda suka fadi jarrabawar shiga kwaleji kuma suna shirye-shiryen zuwa kwaleji. Sai kumaBlumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 449 Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p. 1 a matsayin ɗaliban ronin, suna halartar azuzuwan yobiko cikakken lokaci. Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations". Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 287

 Saka idanu 
Ana lura da kuma tantance ingancin koyarwa ta hanyoyi amfani da wasu abubuwa kamar kyamarori a cikin ajujuwa da bincike mai alaƙa da ingancin wasan kwaikwayon malamai da ɗalibai ke ɗaukar karatu. Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p. 40 Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 455

 Jarabawa (Mock Exams) 
Dalibai suna yin jarrabawar  a duk shekara. Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p. 31-32 Ana bayyana  makin ga jama'a don ɗalibai su sami damar kwatanta maki da sauran ɗalibai don samun matsayinsu na ilimi. Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p.31-32 Dangane da makinsu, ɗalibai sun san ko za su iya cika makin gwajin shiga kwalejin da suke shirin nema. Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p. 31-32

 Halarta da shahara 
Kashe Kudade akan manyan makarantu masu zaman kansu ya zama ruwan dare kamar na manyan makarantun gwamnati. OECD ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin 2013, kashe kuɗi a makarantu masu zaman kansu ya kai kusan kashi sittin da shida (66%) cikin ɗari (100%) na tsadar ilimi kuma kusan kashi tamanin (80%) na wannan adadin ya fito ne daga hannun al'umma. (shafi na 24). 2-3).

Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun Yobikō shine Kawaii Juku. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 449 Ko da yake ana kallonta a matsayin juku, daga cikin kwasa-kwasan da take bayarwa akwai azuzuwan musamman na shirye-shiryen jarrabawa, suna ba ta siffa irin ta Yobikō. Ba wai kawai ɗaliban rōnin ba ne har ma ga bangarorin shekaru daban-daban, kamar yadda ake ba da azuzuwan ga ɗalibai daga makarantar firamare zuwa kwaleji (Kungiyar Kawaijuku, 2012).

 Amfani 
Ana iya samun ƙarancin laifuffukan yara na Japan a wani ɓangare saboda yaran da ke zuwa Yobikō ko juku, ban da makaranta na yau da kullun, suna da ƙarancin lokacin yin wasu aiyukan. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 460

Yobiko zai iya inganta damar ɗalibai na karɓuwa zuwa kwalejin mai inganci. Hakanan, gaba ɗaya ronin waɗanda ke halartar manyan kwalejoji suna samun ƙarin kudin shiga (Ono, 2007, p. 282).

 Rashin amfani 
Yobiko ba sa bada dama daidai ga ɗalibai. Wani bincike na kasa da bincike kan reshen Hiroshima na Yobikō, wanda za a iya la'akari da shi na yau da kullun, ya gano cewa yawancin maza suna zuwa Yobiko fiye da mata. Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations." Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 288 Dalili ɗaya shine cewa rōnin mace tana jin haushi a cikin al'ummar Japan. Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation) p. 309 Hakanan, ba duka ɗalibai ne ke iya samun damar halartar makarantun ba. Tsukada, Mamoru (1988). "Institutionalised Supplementary Education in Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations." Comparative Education. Taylor & Francis. 24 (3): 300

Matsanancin kuɗin shiga ya haifar, ta hanyar kuɗin tura yara zuwa Yobiko ko juku na kuma iya haifar da raguwar adadin haihuwa a Japan. Blumenthal, Tuvia (1992). "Japan's Juken Industry." Asian Survey. University of California Press. 32 (5): 460

 Duba kuma 

 Makarantar Cram
 Juku
 Tarihin ilimi a Japan
 Ilimi a Japan
 Makarantar share fagen jami'a
 Jaesueng
 Sundai Preparatory School

 Manazarta 


 Kawaijuku Group. (2012). Details about our businesses. Retrieved from http://www.kawaijuku.jp/en/education/college/detail.html#college02 
 OCED. (n.d.). Education at a glance 2013: Country note for Japan. Retrieved from OCED url; http://www.oecd.org/japan/educationataglance2013-countrynotesandkeyfacttables.htm


 Tsukada, M. (1988b). The yobiko, the institutionalized supplementary educational institution in Japan: A study of the social stratification process (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10289
Category:Makarantun Japan
Category:Ilimin Kasar Japan
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba