Von Neumann architecture

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Von Neumann Tsarin gine-ginen von Neumann wanda aka fi sani da samfurin von Neumann ko kuma gine-ginen Princeton - gine-ginen kwamfuta ne bisa bayanin Shekara ta1945 na John von Neumann, da wasu, a cikin Daftarin Farko na Rahoton kan EDVAC.

Takardar ta bayyana tsarin gine-ginen kwamfuta na dijital na lantarki tare da waɗannan abubuwan:

Rukunin sarrafawa tare da na'urar dabaru na lissafi da sarrafawa.

Ƙungiyar sarrafawa wanda ya haɗa da rajistar umarni da ma'aunin shiri.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai adana bayanai da umarni na kwamfuta.

Ma'ajiyar taro na waje na kwamfuta

Hanyoyin shigarwa da fitarwa na kwamfuta.

Kalmar "von Neumann architecture" ta samo asali ne don komawa ga duk wata kwamfuta da aka adana bayanai a cikinta wanda ba za a iya samo umarni da aikin bayanai a lokaci guda ba (tunda suna amfani da fasahar bus na yanar gizo). Ana kiran wannan a matsayin kuloluwa na von Neumann, wanda sau da yawa yana iyakance aikin tsarin da ya dace.

Zane na na'ura na von Neumann ya fi sauƙi fiye da na'urar gine-ginen Harvard-wanda kuma tsarin shirye-shiryen da aka adana, duk da haka yana da saiti guda ɗaya na adireshi da kundin bayanai don karantawa da rubutu zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma wani saitin adireshi da kundin bayanai don debo umarni.

Tsarin dokoki (umarni) da aka adana suna amfani da tsarin tushe iri ɗaya don ɓoye umarnin shirye-shirye da bayanai sabanin ƙira waɗanda ke amfani da na'urar bas ko ƙayyadaddun da'ira don aiwatar da koyarwa. Kwamfutocin da aka adana sun kasance ci gaba a kan kwamfutocin da aka sake tsarawa da hannu ko kafaffen kwamfutoci na 1940s, kamar Colossus d.a ENIAC. An tsara waɗannan ta hanyar saita maɓalli da shigar da kebil masu zuwa hanyar bayanai da siginar sarrafawa tsakanin sassan aiki daban-daban.

Galibin kwamfutoci na zamani suna amfani da na'urar hardware iri ɗaya don ɓoyewa da adana duk bayanai da umarnin shirye-shirye, amma suna da ma'ajin bayanai na wucin gadi tsakanin masarrafar umarni na kwamfuta (kwa-kwalwa) da ma'ajin bayanai, sannan kuma, dan gane da ma'ajin ajiya na wucin gadi mafi kusa da masarrafar umarni na kwamfuta, kuma suna da maɓalli daban-daban don umarni da bayanai, ta yadda yawancin koyarwa da ƙwararrun bayanai suna amfani da na'urar bas daban-daban (daya raba tsarin gine-ginen ma'ajin ajiya na wucin gadi).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann

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