Sare dazuzzuka a Ghana

Dazuzzuka sun mamaye kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ɗaukacin ƙasar Ghana, tare da gandun daji na kasuwanci a kudancin Ghana.

 Tarihi 
Bangaren gandun daji na Ghana ya kai kashi 4.2 na GDP a shekarar 1990; katako ya kasance kasa ta uku wajen samun kudin waje. Tun daga shekarata 1983 gandun daji ya ci moriyar fiye da dalar Amurka miliyan 120 a cikin saka hannun jari kuma ya sami sauye-sauye masu yawa, wanda ya haifar da riba biyu tsakanin shekarun 1985 da 1990. A cikin 1993 kayan katako da kayan itace sun kai dalar Amurka miliyan 140 akan matakin da aka yi niyya na dalar Amurka miliyan 130. Tsakanin Janairu zuwa Nuwamba 1994, fitar da kayayyaki ya kai ton 919,000 kuma ya sami dalar Amurka miliyan 212. Clark, Nancy L. "Forestry in Ghana". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Har zuwa shekarun 1980, noman gandun daji ya sha wahala saboda cedi mai kima da tabarbarewar kayayyakin sufuri. Samar da gandun daji ya ragu da kashi 66 cikin 100 a tsakanin shekarun 1970-81 da katakon katako da kashi 47 cikin dari. Fitar da kayayyaki ya ragu daga dalar Amurka miliyan 130 a shekarar 1973 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 15 a shekarar 1983, kuma kamfanoni hudu da ke cikin kasa sun yi fatara a wannan lokacin. Clark, Nancy L. "Forestry in Ghana". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. An ba fannin gandun daji girma a cikin shekarata 1986, tare da dala miliyan 24 na gyaran katako, wanda ke ba da kuɗin shigo da kayan aikin katako. Sakamakon haka, samar da katako ya karu da kashi 65 cikin 100 a 1984-87, kuma kudaden shiga na fitar da kayayyaki ya karu da kashi 665 cikin shekarun 1983-88. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an rushe tsohuwar Hukumar Tallace-tallacen katako ta Ghana kuma an maye gurbinsu da wasu hukumomi biyu, Hukumar Bunkasa Fitar da katako—mai alhakin tallace-tallace da farashi, da kuma Hukumar Binciken Kayayyakin Gandun Daji—wanda ke da alhakin lura da kwangiloli, kula da inganci, samfuran ƙima, da kuma yin aiki kamar yadda ya kamata. mai sa ido kan hada-hadar haram. Wasu daga cikin kuɗaɗen waje sun sami waɗannan sauye-sauyen cibiyoyi, yayin da yawancin sauran sun ba da kuɗin sarrafa gandun daji da bincike gami da kayan aikin katako, niƙa, da masana'antu. 
Sashin dai ya fuskanci matsaloli da dama. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne sare itatuwa mai tsanani . Karni da suka wuce, gandun dajin Ghana na dazuzzukan dazuzzukan ya fara ne daga kusan tsakiyar kasar zuwa kudu zuwa teku. Haka kuma, kusan rabin kasar na cike da dazuzzuka, wadanda suka hada da nau'in itatuwa 680 da nau'in mahoganies da dama. Yawancin wannan itacen an yanke shi. A farkon shekarun 1990, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙasar ne har yanzu ake dazuzzuka, sannan kuma ba duk wannan yana da darajar kasuwanci ba. Wannan lamarin ya tilastawa gwamnati yin zaɓe mai wahala tsakanin samun kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe da ake buƙata da kuma kiyayewa. Aikin kula da albarkatun gandun daji, wani bangare na shirin farfado da tattalin arziki (ERP), an fara shi ne a shekarar 1988, kuma a shekarar 1989 gwamnati ta hana fitar da nau'in katako na nau'i goma sha takwas zuwa kasashen waje. Sannan Daga baya gwamnati ta tsawaita jerin sunayen kuma ta sanya manyan ayyuka a kan sauran nau'ikan, tana shirin kawar da fitar da katako da busassun katako gaba daya nan da shekarata 1994. Clark, Nancy L. "Forestry in Ghana". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Maimakon haka, gwamnati ta yi fatan ƙara yawan sayar da kayan itace don maye gurbin abin da ake samu daga gundumomi. Kuma Alkaluman gwamnati sun nuna cewa tsayin daka mai kubik daya na katako da katako sun ninka adadin katakon katako sau biyu; veneers da aka samu sau biyar; da sauran kayayyakin, kamar kayan daki da benaye, sun sami sau shida farashin kwatankwacin adadin katako. Ingantattun masana'antun sarrafa kayayyaki ya sa kayayyakin itace (ban da katako) ya kai kusan kashi 20 cikin 100 na abin da ake samu na fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje a shekarar 1991, wanda ya kai kashi 6.9 na yawan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje. Ta hanyar kwatanta, samfuran itace suna wakiltar kashi 11 cikin ɗari na samun kuɗi da kashi 5.5 na ƙara a cikin shakarar 1985. Faduwar adadin tallace-tallacen da aka ƙididdige ta rajistan ayyukan ya kasance tare da faɗuwar ban mamaki a cikin rabon da suke samu, daga kashi 50-60 cikin ɗari a tsakiyar  shekarata 1980 zuwa kashi 23 cikin ɗari a 1990. Clark, Nancy L. "Forestry in Ghana". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

 Bayanin 
A farkon shekarun 1990, akwai kusan na'urorin sarrafa katako 220 a Ghana, amma masana'antar tana aiki a ƙarƙashin wasu matsaloli. Yawancin buƙatun ƙetare shine busasshen kayayyakin kiln, kuma masana'antun Ghana ba su da isassun kiln ɗin da za su iya biyan wannan bukata. Hanyar sarrafa busasshen iska mai arha ba ta gamsar ba saboda busasshen itacen da iska yakan haifar da lalacewa cikin lokaci. Ƙwararrun saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje ba su da kyau sosai a wannan fannin kamar yadda a wasu, misali, hakar ma'adinai . Bugu da ƙari, ababen more rayuwa a Yankin Yamma inda ake sarrafa katako na cigaba da yin watsi da su idan aka kwatanta da yankunan haƙar ma'adinai da koko . Sauran matsalolin sun haɗa da rashin ƙwarewa a matakan fasaha da gudanarwa.

Tun a shekarar 1986 aka samu rahoton badakalar a masana'antar gandun daji ta Ghana, kuma ta sake barkewa a farkon shekarar 1992. Shahararriyar al'amarin ya shafi katako na Afirka da Plywood, wanda ya kasance mafi yawan masu fitar da gundumomi a Ghana. A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, gwamnati ta fara aikin farfado da dalar Amurka miliyan 36 domin bunkasa noman kamfanin. Kuma A shekara ta 1992 an yi zargin an sace kudi dalar Amurka miliyan 2.3 daga aikin ta hanyar munanan ayyuka, kuma an kama wasu jami’ai., ƙungiyar kare muhalli, Abokan Duniya, sun yi zargin cewa an sami ƙarin sata daga kamfanoni na waje wanda ya kai kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 50 a cikin tsabar kudi a cikin 1980s. A shekarar 1992 gwamnati ta fara bincike kan ayyukan daruruwan kamfanoni, na kasashen waje da na cikin gida, wadanda ake zargi da yin mu’amalar da ba bisa ka’ida ba da suka hada da fasa- kwauri, da zamba, da karya ka’idojin kudin gida, cin hanci da rashawa, cin hanci da kuma rashin biyan kudaden masarautu . . Sai dai kuma cin hanci da rashawa ya yadu, ta yadda za a duba ko hukumomin Ghana za su daina aikata laifukan da suka shafi katako nan ba da jimawa ba. Clark, Nancy L. "Forestry in Ghana". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

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Category: Ghana