Mutanen Dagaaba

Mutanen Dagaaba, (mufuradi Dagao, da kuma, a yarukan arewa, Dagara na jam'i da kuma mufuradiConstancio Nakuma. An Introduction to the Dagaare Language. on DagaareLinguists' HomePage , update as of 25 May 2003, retrieved 2009-02-12.) kabila ce dake arewa da haduwar Ghana, Burkina Faso da Cote d'Ivoire. Suna magana da yaren Dagaare, yaren Gur wanda ya ƙunshi yarukan Dagaare na Arewa masu alaƙa da yarukan Dagaare na Kudu da kuma wasu ƙananan yarukan. A cikin yarukan arewa ana kiran harshe da jama’a da Dagara. Suna da alaka da mutanen Birifor da Dagaare Diola.Dagara, Southern in Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/. Retrieved 200902-12. Harshen da aka fi sani da Dagaare (wanda kuma ake kira Dagare, Dagari, Dagarti, Dagara ko Dagao), kuma a tarihi wasu wadanda ba 'yan asalin kasar ba sun dauki wannan a matsayin sunan mutane.Dr. A. B. Bodomo. [Dagaare Language and Culture, Introduction: The Dagaare language and its speakers], from The Structure of Dagaare (1994) Posted by author March 9, 2004. Retrieved 2009-02-12. Wani masanin tarihi, yana kwatanta yadda ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi amfani da “Dagarti” a da, ya rubuta cewa: “Dagarti ya bayyana cewa Turawa na farko da suka ziyarci yankin ne suka kirkiro sunan Dagarti, daga asalin harshen dagaa, daidai ‘Dagari’. ' shine sunan yare, 'Dagaaba' ko 'Dagara' na mutane, da 'Dagaw' ko 'Dagawie' na ƙasa."Ivor Wilks. Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana (African Studies) # Cambridge University Press ( 2002)  p. 15.

 Yaduwar yanki 
Duk da cewa a wasu lokuta ana raba su zuwa Arewa da Kudancin Dagaare, idan aka kwatanta da yawan al’ummarsu a shekarar 2003 sama da miliyan daya bazuwa a yankin Arewa maso Yamma na Ghana da yankin Sud-Ouest a kudu maso yammacin Burkina Faso.Dagara, Northern in Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/. Retrieved 2009-02-12. Kudancin Dagaare mutane ne da ke da kusan 700,000 da ke zaune a yammacin yankin Upper West. Masu magana da harshen Dagaare na Arewa, wanda aka kiyasta yawansu ya kai 388,000 (a cikin 2001) suna zaune ne a lardin Ioba, amma kuma a lardunan Poni, Bougouriba, Sissili, da Mouhoun. A Ghana, guguwar hijira da dama daga cikin gida, tun daga farkon mulkin mallaka a karshen karni na 19 (amma mai yiyuwa ne aka fara shi da wuri) kuma a shekarun 1980, ya kawo yawan mutanen Dagaaba zuwa garuruwan kudancin kasar. , musamman yankin Brong Ahafo.Gariba B. Abdul-Korah. ‘Where Is Not Home?’: Dagaaba migrants in the Brong Ahafo Region, 1980 to the present. African Affairs 2007 106(422):71-94. A Ghana ta zamani, mahaifar Dagaaba na yankin Upper West ya hada da gundumomi da garuruwan Nandom, Lawra, Jirapa, Kaleo, Papu, Nadowli, Daffiama, Wechiau da Hamile. Hakanan ana samun manyan al'ummomi a garuruwan Wa, Bogda, Babile, Tuna, Han, Zambo, Ghana, da Nyoli.A. B. Bodomo. Introduction, in A Dagaare-Cantonese-English Lexicon for Lexicographical Field Research Training (Afrikawissenschaftliche Lehrbücher vol. 14). Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologne (2004). 

 Tarihi 
Tushen al’ummar Dagaaba a zamanin kafin mulkin mallaka ya Kuma kasance abin muhawara. Hujjar al’adar baka ita ce, Dagaaba ta fito ne daga kungiyar Mole-Dagbani da ta yi hijira zuwa yankin Sahel da ba shi da danshi a karni na goma sha hudu miladiyya. An yi imanin sun ƙara yin ƙaura zuwa ƙananan arewacin yankin a ƙarni na sha bakwai.A. B. Bodomo. Introduction, in A Dagaare-Cantonese-English Lexicon for Lexicographical Field Research Training (Afrikawissenschaftliche Lehrbücher vol. 14). Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologne (2004).  Tun kafin bayyanar Turawa, Dagaaba suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙananan al'ummomin noma, ba a mayar da su cikin kowane babban tsari irin na jiha ba. Nazarin ilimin ƙabilanci ya yi nuni da wallafe-wallafen baka wanda ya nuna cewa Dagaaba lokaci-lokaci, kuma a ƙarshe sun yi nasara, sun bijirewa yunƙurin mamaya da jihohi a kudancin Ghana na zamani, da kuma masarautun Dagbon da Mamprugu da Gonja a arewa. Ɗaya daga cikin kididdigar da aka kafa a kan shaidar baka ita ce, Dagaaba ta kafa a matsayin ƙungiyar Dagbon da ke ƙarƙashin Na Nyanse.Benjamin Kunbuor. "Customary Law of the Dagara" of Northern Ghana: Indigenous Rules or a Social Construction , Journal of Dagaare Studies, Vol 2 ( 2002).  On early history, he cites: Tuurey, G. (1982) An Introduction to the Mole-Speaking Community. Catholic Press: Wa.; Lentz, C. (1994) "A Dagara Rebellion against Dagomba rule?: Contested Stories of Origin in North-Western Ghana", in Journal of African Law Vol. 35: 457-492 Iyakokin turawan mulkin mallaka, da aka shata a lokacin Scramble for Africa, sun sanya su a arewa maso yammacin Ghana da kudancin Burkina Faso, da kuma kananan mazauna kasar Ivory Coast.

 Ƙarfafa dangantakar jama'a 
Al’ummar Dagaaba a wasu lokuta suna samun rikici da kungiyoyin da ke makwabtaka da su, musamman kan hakkin filaye, a shekarun 1980 da kabilar SisalaCarola Lentz. Contested boundaries : decentralisation and land conflicts in northwestern Ghana.  Le bulletin de l'APAD, n° 22, Gouvernance foncière au quotidien en Afrique , 15 December 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2009. da kuma a lokutan baya da mutanen Wala. Na karshen, tare da kawance da Daular Wassoulou ta Diola Samory Toure, sun ci Dagawie da yawa a karshen shekarun 1890, karkashin jagorancin Sarankye Mori.Ivor Wilks (2002) pp. 120-128.

Wasu daga cikin kauyukan Dagaaba na kudu sun kasance a farkon shekarun 1890 karkashin mulkin Masarautar Wala amma sai suka yi tawaye a 1894 suka ba da yancin kai. Duk da haka an mayar da su ga yankunan Wala Native Authority ta Birtaniya a 1933.Ivor Wilks, Wa and the Wala: Islam and polity in northwestern Ghana (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 8, 15

 Al'umma 
A cikin mahaifar Dagawie, Dagaaba sun kafa al'ummomin noma marasa zaman kansu. Tsakanin Dagaaba na zamani sun ƙunshi dangi goma waɗanda suka ƙunshi sama da mutane miliyan ɗaya.

 Siyasar gargajiya 
Al'ummomin Dagaaba na gargajiya sun samo asali ne daga ƙabilar "Yir" ko rukunin gida, waɗanda jerin su an tattara su zuwa cikin "Tengan", yankin bautar gumaka na duniya. Tsarin Tengan, ƙungiyar rawar da aka saba gada a cikin rukunin gida ɗaya, ana kiransa tendaalun. Shugaban wadannan wuraren tsafi, tengan sob (wani lokaci tindana) ya cika aikin dattijo da firist, tare da tengan dem, mai kula da al'ada da mai kula da cibiyar al'ada. Sauran ayyukan firist/dattijo a cikin tendalun sun haɗa da suo sob wanda ke yin yankan dabba ga allahntakar duniya, zongmogre da ke yin al'ada a cibiyoyin kasuwa mai tsarki, da gara dana ko wie sob wanda shi ne shugaban al'ada a tsakanin al'ummomin farauta. Wadannan sauran nau'o'in rayuwa na al'umma a yawancin al'ummar Dagaaba, da kuma tasiri, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ra'ayin al'umma game da ƙasa kamar yadda aka yi a cikin ruhaniya, da kuma albarkatun al'umma daban-daban da ke faɗo a ƙarƙashin kulawar hukumomi, zuriya, da/ko rundunonin ruhaniya daban-daban.Benjamin Kunbuor (2002), pp.9, 10. includes citing Lentz, C. (1994) on p. 9.

Har zuwa karshen karni na goma sha tara lokacin da aka samu sarautar hukumomi (kuma daga baya gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kafa shi),Benjamin Kunbuor (2002), passim al'ummomin Dagaaba sun yi aiki a karkashin tsarin majalisar dattawa.

Wasu daga cikin al’ummar Dagaaba suna rike da sarautar gargajiya, wani lokacin kuma suna takara. Tun a shekara ta 2006 ne ‘Majalisar Dattawa’ ta al’ummar Dagaaba ta kasar Ghana ta yi yunkurin hada kan bangarori daban-daban tare da nada Naa Franklin Suantah, babban jami’in kula da karatu na kwalejin horas da ma’aikata ta Saint Louis ta Kumasi a matsayin shugaban al’ummar Dagaaba a kasar Ghana.Avoid Intra-Tribal & Ethnic Conflicts . Ghana News Agency. 12-09-2006

 Al'adu 
Al’ummar Dagaaba a tarihi sun yi addinan Gargajiya, da Musulunci da Kiristanci. Dagaaba na Ghana a al'adance sun kasance suna da alakar ƴan uwa/Barkwanci da mutanen Frafra (Gurunsi).Wegru Joseph Yelepuo The Frafra-Dagaaba Dog Head Jokes . Electronic Journal of Folklore, volume 14, 2000. Retrieved 2009-02-12. Dagaaba, kafin tasirin ’yan mulkin mallaka, sun kasance masu dogaro da kai wajen samar da karfe, sun kuma samu nasara wajen noman gauraye. Sun kuma ƙera naɗaɗɗen kayan kida da suka haɗa da gyle (xylophones).

 Ilimin tattalin arziki 
Al'ummomi a yankunan Dagaaba sun kasance a matsayin ƙananan ƙananan noma, tare da filayen noman iyali da kansu ke nomawa. A zamanin yau, ana amfani da kuɗin shiga a waje da gonaki don ƙarin kuɗin shiga kasuwanci da rayuwa daga noma. Al'ummomin masu kamun kifi na Dagaaba sun ci gaba da tafiya tare da Black Volta, iyakar ƙasar Dagaaba. Saboda ana samun al'ummomin tare da hanyoyin kasuwanci na bakin teku zuwa Sahel mai tarihi, ciniki ya daɗe yana zama muhimmiyar sana'a, amma galibi a cikin kayan gida. Kasuwanni a cikin manyan garuruwa suna ranar Lahadi, tare da wasu a zagaye na kwanaki shida.Emmanuel Yiridoe. Economic and Sociocultural Aspects of Cowrie Currency of the Dagaaba of Northwestern Ghana . Nordic Journal of African Studies 4(2): 17-32 (1995)

Wasu al'ummomin Dagaaba na zamani na arewacin Ghana sun shahara a matsayin al'ummomin Yammacin Afirka na ƙarshe da har yanzu suke amfani da harsashi na Cowrie a matsayin kuɗi, tare da cedi na zamani na Ghana.Yiridoe (1995), pp. 1, passim. Ana amfani da Cowrie ba kawai don kayan ado na gargajiya da na biki ba (kamar yadda sauran al'ummomin Afirka ta Yamma suke yi), har ma a matsayin wata hujja ta hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na tanadi na cikin gida da kuma amintacciyar hanyar kasuwanci a kan iyakokin ƙasa (da kuɗaɗe) waɗanda za su iya raba kan al'ummomin Dagaaba.

 Adabin baka 
Adabin baka yana da dadadden al’ada tare da al’ummar Dagaaba, kuma ya kasance abin koyi da tarbiyya a cikin al’ummar Dagaaba. Akwai manyan adabi guda biyu a cikin al'ummar Dagaaba. Ana iya rarraba su gabaɗaya a matsayin adabi na duniya wanda ya ƙunshi labarai, tatsuniyoyi, karin magana da sauran nau'ikan baka da kuma adabi masu tsarki da aka samar a lokacin al'ada da hidimar addini. Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan su ne tatsuniyoyi na tatsuniyoyi na jakunkuna da jawabai da aka yi a lokacin bukukuwan qaddamarwa da sauran hidimomin addini.Dannabang Kuwabong. Naa konga : a Collection of Dagaaba Folktales. Accra : Woeli Pub. Services (1992). Gervase T Angsotinge. Thou shalt not reveal thy secrets: the value of reticence in speech in Dagaaba Folklore. Institute of African Studies: Research Review 2005, Vol. 21(1): 19-27Goody Jack, The Myth of the Bagre, 1972, Oxford: Clarendon PressTengan Alexis, Mythical Narratives in Ritual: Dagara Black Bgar, 2006, Brussels: Peter Lang

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Bibliography of Dagaare Studies, compiled by Dr. Adams B. Bodomo, retrieved 2009-02-12.
 Journal of Dagaare Studies, University of Hong Kong, ISSN 1608-0661.  Abstracts of 6 issues in 6 volumes, 2001–2006, retrieved 2009-02-12.
category:Kabilu a Ghana
category:Kabilu a Cote d'voire
category:Kabilu a Burkina faso