Alamun Adinkra

Adinkra alamomi ne daga Ghana waɗanda ke wakiltar ra'ayi ko aphorisms. Ana kuma amfani da Adinkra sosai a cikin yadudduka, tambura da tukwane. An haɗa su cikin ganuwar da kuma sauran fasalulluka na gine-gine. Alamun Adinkra sun bayyana akan wasu ma'aunin gwal na Akan na gargajiya. Hakanan ana zana alamomin akan stools don amfanin gida da na al'ada. Yawon shakatawa ya haifar da sabbin tashi a cikin amfani da alamomin a cikin abubuwa kamar T-shirts da kayan ado.
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AdinkraCalabashStamps.jpg|alt=|thumb|Tambari na kalaman Adinkra
Alamun suna da aikin ado amma kuma suna wakiltar abubuwa waɗanda ke ɗauke da saƙon da ke ɗauke da hikimar gargajiya, al'amuran rayuwa, ko muhalli. Akwai alamomi da yawa masu ma'anoni daban-daban, galibi suna haɗe da karin magana. A cikin kalmomin Kwame Anthony Appiah, sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don "taimakawa watsawar hadadden tsarin aiki da imani".

 Tarihi 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adinkra_cloth.JPG|thumb|Tufafin makoki na Adinkra ta 1817
Mutanen Bono na Gyaman ne suka kirkiro alamun Adinkra. Sarkin Gyaman, Nana Kwadwo Agyemang Adinkra, da farko ya ƙirƙira ko ya tsara waɗannan alamomin, yana sanya wa kansa suna. Mutanen Bono sun fi amfani da alamun Adinkra akan tukwane, stools da dai sauransu. Adinkra tufafin Sarkin Gyaman ne, kuma amfanin sa ya yadu daga Bono Gyaman zuwa Asante da sauran masarautun Akan bayan shan kaye. An ce masu zanen guild da suka zana wannan tufa ga Sarakuna an tilasta musu koya wa Asantes sana’ar. Ɗan fari na sarkin Gyaman Nana Kwadwo Agyemang Adinkra, Apau, wanda aka ce ya ƙware a sana’ar Adinkra, an tilasta masa ya ƙara koya game da tufafin Adinkra. Bayanai na baka sun tabbatar da cewa Adinkra Apau ya koyar da wani mutum mai suna Kwaku Dwaku a wani gari kusa da Kumasi. A tsawon lokaci, duk mutanen Akan da suka hada da Fante, Akuapem da Akyem duk sun sanya alamun Adinkra wani muhimmin bangare na al'adarsu, saboda dukkansu sun samo asali ne daga tsohuwar masarautar Bono.

An yi zanen adinkra mafi tsufa a cikin 1817. Tufafin yana da alamomi 15 masu hatimi, ciki har da nsroma (taurari), dono ntoasuo ( ganguna Dono biyu), da lu'u-lu'u. An buga tsarin ta hanyar amfani da tambarin calash da aka zana da rini na tushen kayan lambu. Ya kasance a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya tun 1818, lokacin da Thomas E. Bowdich ya ba da ita.
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adinkra_1825.jpg|thumb|Adinkra tufafi ta 1825
An aika na gaba mafi tsufa yanki na adinkra textile a 1825 daga Elmina Castle zuwa ga sarauta majalisar ministocin curiosities a Hague, a mayar da martani ga wani aiki daga Major F. Last, wanda aka nada na wucin gadi Kwamandan Dutch Gold Coast. Ya sa rigar ta ba da izini daga Fante babban hafsan Elmina na William I na Netherlands, wanda zai bayyana dalilin da yasa rigar makamai na Netherlands ke tsakiyar. Sauran motifs sune halaye na tsofaffi adinkra. Yanzu an nuna shi a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Ƙasa a Leiden. clickable image on right links to description

A cikin Nuwamba 2020, wata hukumar makaranta a York, Pennsylvania, ta haramta "littafin canza launin yara wanda ke nuna alamun Adrinkra [sic] na Afirka da aka samu a cikin yadudduka, tambura da tukwane."Locurto, Tina (1 September 2021), "'Afraid to teach': School's book ban targeted Black, Latino authors", York Dispatch, September 1, 2021.

 Tufafin Adinkra 
A cikin Akan (Twi), kalmar adinkra tana nufin ba alamomi ba, amma wani nau'in zane. Sarautu da shugabannin ruhi ne kawai suke sa tufafin Adinkra a al'ada don jana'izar da sauran lokuta na musamman. A da, an buga su da hannu akan yadudduka na auduga marasa rini, ja, launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata wanda aka saka a hannun hannu dangane da taron da irin rawar da mai sanye yake da shi; a zamanin yau ana yawan samarwa da yawa akan yadudduka masu haske.
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NtonsoAdinkraComb.jpg|alt=|thumb|Anthony Boakye yana amfani da tsefe don alamar layi ɗaya a kan rigar adinkra a Ntonso, Ghana.
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NtonsoAdinkra.jpg|alt=|thumb|Anthony Boakye yana buga rigar adinkra tare da tambarin calabash a Ntonso, Ghana.
Cibiyar samar da kayan gargajiya a halin yanzu ta fito ne daga Ghana, Ntɔnso, mai nisan kilomita 20 daga arewa maso yammacin Kumasi da kuma cikin Ivory Coast. Dark Adinkra aduro pigment ga stamping ana yin shi a wurin, ta hanyar jiƙa, ɓarkewa, da kuma tafasa haushi na ciki da tushen bishiyar badie (Bridelia ferruginea) a cikin ruwa a kan wutar itace. Da zarar launin duhun ya fito, sai a yi tagulla, sannan a dafa shi na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa har sai ya yi kauri. An zana tambarin daga kasan guntun calabash. Suna auna tsakanin murabba'in santimita biyar zuwa takwas. Suna da hannu a baya, kuma tambarin kanta yana ɗan lanƙwasa don a iya sanya rini tare da motsin motsi.

 Misalin alamomin da aka jera 
Samfurin da aka yi rikodi na alamomin adinkra 53 da ma'anarsu
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adinkra_Rattray.JPG|thumb|Alamun Adinkra da Robert Sutherland Rattray ya rubuta, 1927
Jerin alamomi da Bayani
LambaSunan AlamaMa'ana ta zahiriKarin BayaniAlamomi masu alaƙa1Abangida mai hawa biyu, katafaren giniwannan zane a da Sarkin Gyaman ne kawai ke sawa4Adinkira 'henesarkin Adinkira'shugaban' duk waɗannan ƙirar Adinkira8Agyindawurugong bishiyar agyinruwan itacen wannan sunan wani lokaci ana matse shi cikin gong kuma a ce yana faranta wa ruhohi rai.Akamshukar da ake ci, mai yiyuwa ne dam9Akobenkahon yaki12Akoko nan tia 'ba, na nkum 'baKaza ta taka kaji amma ba ta kashe su13Akomazuciya, tare da giciye a tsakiya[None listed]No. 1314AKOMA NTOSOzukata masu haɗaka18AyafernKalmar kuma tana nufin 'Ba na jin tsoronku', 'Ni mai zaman kansa ne daga gare ku' kuma mai sawa yana iya nuna hakan ta hanyar sanya ta.20BI NKA BIkada wani ya ciji dayan23DAME-DAMEsunan wasan alloalamar hankali da basira25Donokalangun dono26Dono ntoasuoganguna biyu dono27Duafegunkin katako28Dwenini abenƙahonin rago30Epadaurin hannu34Fihankragidan madauwari35Se die fofoo pe, ne se gyinantwi abo bedieAbin da shukar fofoo mai launin rawaya yake so shine tsaban gintwi su zama bakiCewar Bono. Ɗayan ƙirar auduga yana da suna iri ɗaya. Fofoo, sunan botanical wanda shine Bidens pilosa, yana da ƙaramin fure mai launin rawaya, wanda, idan ya zubar da furanninsa, ya zama baƙar fata mai kaifi. Inji mai kishi. A cewar Ayensu (1978), gyinantwi kuma yana nufin Bidens pilosa.37Funtunfunefu Denkyemfunefukadan siamese Ciki daya suke raba duk da haka suna fada akan abinci38Gyawu Atikobayan kan GyawGyawu ya kasance babban hafsan Gyaman wanda a wajen bikin Adae Kesse aka ce an aske gashin kansa ta wannan salon.39Gye Nyame'Sai Allah' ko 'Allah Kadai'41Hye wo nhyeWanda zai kona ku ba zai ƙone ba44Kojo Biaden47Papani amma yenhu Kramo(yawan adadin) mutanen da suke kyautatawa sun hana mu sanin ainihin su wanene Mohammedkamar yadda aka wajabta wa mabiya addinin Musulunci da yin ayyuka na gari a cikin al’umma, haka nan kuma ana samun karuwar wadanda ba musulmi ba, ba za mu iya amfani da wannan ma’auni wajen bambance musulmin da ke zaune a cikinmu ba.49Kuntinkantansunkuyar da kai suka bajeKuntinkantan ana amfani da shi a ma'anar 'kada ku yi fahariya, kada ku yi girman kai'.50[None Listed]kofe daga TurawaNon listedKwatakye atikoa bayan kan KwatakyeKwatakye kyaftin din yaki ne na daya daga cikin sarakunan Gyaman; A wajen bikin Adae Kesse an ce ya yi aski bayan wannan salonNon listedMmrafo ani asekeloid akan Bahaushe55Mmra Kradomakullin mutumin Hausa56Musuyidiewani abu don cire muguntawani yadi mai wannan zanen da aka lika masa tambari a gefen gadon barci na Sarkin Gyaman, kuma duk safiya idan ya tashi sai ya dora kafarsa ta hagu sau uku.58MpuannumTufts biyar (na gashi)62Nkonsonkonsonhanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na sarkar63Nkotimsefuopuawasu masu hidima a kan Uwar Sarauniya waɗanda suka sanya gashin kansu a cikin wannan salon. Kama da swastika.66Nkyimkyimda karkatacciyar tsari68Nsaadaga zane na wannan sunan da aka samo akan zanen nsa69Nsirewakwarjini70Nsoroma / Nsorommayaron Sama / Ɗan Samayana nufin maganar nan: Oba Nyankon soroma te Nyame so na onte ne ho haka, 'Kamar tauraro, ɗan Maɗaukaki, na huta da Allah, ba na dogara ga kaina ba.' / tsarin yana kan matashin kai na Sarkin Gyaman71Ma te; MasieNa ji (abin da kuka fada); Na boye shiwannan yana ɗaukaka nagarta na iya kiyaye amincewaNon listedNyame, biribi wo soro, ma no me ka me nsaYa Allah, duk abin da yake a sama, ka bar hannuna ya taɓa shian buga tsarin a takarda kuma an rataye shi a saman ledar wata kofa a cikin gidan sarauta. Sarkin Gyaman ya kasance yana taba lintel, sa'an nan goshinsa, sa'an nan kuma ƙirjinsa yana maimaita waɗannan kalmomi sau uku.74Nyame duabagade ga Ubangiji Allah76Nyame nwu na ma wuBari Nyame ya mutu kafin in mutuNon listedObi nka obieBa na cutar da kowa ba tare da dalili ba84Ohene niwa(a) 'yan kananan idanun sarkiDomin samun yardar sarki85Ohen' tuobindigar sarki86Kodie mmowerewaduwawun mikiya96Sankofajuyowa ki dauko97Sankofajuyowa ki dauko98Sepowwuka ya cusa ta kuncin mutumAna gab da kashe mutumin don a hana shi la'antar sarki

 Bayanan kula 

 Ci gaba da karatu 

 The Adinkra dictionary: A visual primer on the language of Adinkra  by W. Bruce Willis. ISBN
 Cloth as Metaphor: (re)reading the Adinkra cloth symbols of the Akan of Ghana by Dr George F. Kojo Arthur.  Legon, Ghana: Centre for Indigenous Knowledge Systems, 2001. 187 [6], p. 29 cm. ISBN
 African Accents: Fabrics and Crafts to Decorate Your Home by Lisa Shepard. ISBN
 Adinkra Symbols: To say good bye to a dead relative or friend by Matthew Bulgin
 Adinkra: An Epitome of Asante Philosophy and History by Dickson Adome, Erik Appau Asante, Steve Kquofi