Hisyah

Hisyah (      , wanda kuma aka rubuta Hasya, Hasiyah, Hesa ko Hessia ) birni ne da ke tsakiyar kasar  Siriya, ya kasance yanki ne na gudanarwa na gundumar Homs, mai tazarar kilomita 35 kudu da Homs . Yana kan babbar hanyar M5 tsakanin Homs da Damascus, yankunan da ke kusa sun hada da al-Qusayr da Rableh zuwa arewa maso yamma, Shamsin da Jandar zuwa arewa, Dardaghan zuwa arewa maso gabas, Sadad zuwa kudu maso gabas da Bureij a kudu. A cewar Babban Ofishin Kididdiga (CBS), Hisyah yana da yawan jama'a 5,425 a cikin ƙidayar shekarar 2004.  Mazauna cikinta galibinsu Musulmai Sunni ne da Katolika . Smith, in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 173

 Tarihi 

 zamanin da 
A lokacin Neo-Assuriyawa a kasar  Siriya (ƙarni na 9 KZ – karni na 7 KZ), Hisyah yayi aiki a matsayin gidan waya da aka sani da “Hesa” akan hanyar zuwa Damascus. A lokacin mulkin Tiglath-Pileser III, da farko ya ƙunshi cikakken ƙungiyar masu sana'a na soja. Saboda ƙarancin yawan jama'a a yankin da ke kusa da Hesa, daga baya aka kori ƙungiyar kuma aka maye gurbinsu da gidaje 30 na Assuriya waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ɗaukar aikin soja. Kananan jami’an soji biyu ne ke gudanar da kauyen. Weippert, 2002, pp. 138-139.

 Zamanin Ottoman 
A lokacin mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kasar Siriya, musamman a karni na 18, Hisyah ya zama kagara mai kagara wanda wani soja ya jagoranta. Rundunar sojojin ta kasance babbar bangaren soji a gundumar Homs kuma kwamandojin ta akai-akai suna aiki a matsayin gwamnonin gundumomi. Douwes, 2000, p. 46. Garin yana kan hanyar da aka fi sani da "Hanyar Sultan" wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga Kasar Istanbul, wurin zama na Sultanate. Wurin da Hisyah ke keɓe a gefen hamadar Siriya ya sa ya kasance cikin haɗari sosai ga hare-haren Badinawa, amma ya kasance wuri guda biyu a matsayin wurin da ake gudanar da shawarwari tsakanin gwamnati da ƙabilun Badinawa, inda aka kaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yaƙi da Bedouin. An kuma yi amfani da Hisyah wajen sarrafa alkama da sha’ir, inda ake tattara hatsin a ajiye a cikin injina. 

Yankin ya kasance da ƙauyuka da aka yi watsi da su kuma an kwatanta Hisyah da kansa a matsayin "wuri mai wahala" na Pocock wanda ya yi balaguro a yankin a cikin 1730s. Pocock ya ci gaba da cewa garin na kunshe da gidan gwamna, masallaci, khan (“ ayari ”) da gidaje uku a rufe a cikin katangarsa da wasu ‘yan wasu gidaje da aka gina kewaye da shi. A cewar masanin tarihin Ottoman Dick Douwes, yawancin mazauna garin sun kasance iyalan gwamnonin garin da kuma masu rike da katanga. Tare da dakarun kawancen da ke Ma'arat al-Numan, Hisyah ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da zaman lafiya tsakanin Damascus da Aleppo . Ma'arra ya taimaka wa Hisyah a yakin da yake yi da kabilar Mawali na arewacin Siriya. A shekara ta 1717 sojojin dawakan Hisyah sun ceto birnin Hama daga harin da Badawiyya suka kai musu. Douwes, 2000, p. 46. Balarabe Isma'il Agha al-Azm shi ne babban hafsan runduna a wancan lokacin kuma ya kasance gwamnan Hama da Homs. Douwes, 2000, p. 47.

A tsakiyar karni na 19, matafiyi na Yamma Josias Leslie Porter ya lura cewa Hisyah yana da bango kuma ya haɗa da khan . An jibge sojojin dawakai na soja da 150 a wurin domin kare garuruwan yanki daga hare-haren Bedouin,  da dangi na kabilar Anizzah suka kaddamar da su.  Shekaru kadan kafin ziyarar Porter, an kashe tsohon sojan da sojojinsa 18 a wani kwanton bauna da kabilar Walid Ali Bedouin ta yi musu. Porter, 1858, p. 550. Yawancin mutanen kauyen Kiristoci ne . Baedeker, 1876, p. 556.

 Zamanin zamani 
Iyalan Suweidan sun mamaye Hisyah a lokacin wajabcin Faransanci . Atassi, Basel. Wasfi al-Atassi: Author of the First Constitution in Arab History. Atassi Family Official Website.

A yau, daya daga cikin ‘yan tsirarun tashoshin ‘yan sandan Syria da ke yankin da ke tsakanin Homs da Damascus yana cikin garin Hisyah. Weippert, 2002, pp. 138-139. Wani birni mai masana'antu, wanda ke da fadin hekta 2,500 a garin da gwamnatin Siriya ta gina a cikin 2001. 

 Manazarta 

 Littafi Mai Tsarki