Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya

thumb
Najeriya ƙasa ce dake cikin ƙasashen da ake fataucin mutane musamman mata da ƙananan yara ta hanyar tilasta waɗanda akayi fataucin su don suyi karuwanci da kuma maida su bayi na tsawon lokaci bayan an gama lalata rayuwar su sai waɗanda suka yi fataucin su, su sallame su ba tare da duba wace rayuwa zasu tsinta kansu ba. Ana daukar mata da yara da aka yi safararsu a Najeriya daga yankunan karkara da ke kan iyakokin kasar – mata da ‘yan mata domin aikin gida ba tare da son rai ba da lalata, da kuma samari don yin aikin tilas a sana’ar sayar da kayan mata, bautar gida, ma’adinai, da bara. 

Ana daukar mata da kananan yara daga Najeriya zuwa wasu kasashen yammacin Afirka da Afirka ta Tsakiya, musamman Gabon, Kamaru, Ghana, Chadi, Benin, Togo, Nijar, Burkina Faso, da Gambia, don dalilai iri daya. Yara daga ƙasashen yammacin Afirka kamar Benin, Togo, da Ghana - inda dokokin kungiyar raya tattalin arzikin yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) ke ba da damar shiga cikin sauki - suma ana tilasta musu yin aiki a Najeriya, wasu kuma suna fuskanta ayyuka masu wahala da qunci a ma'adanai na Najeriya. Ana kai mata da kuma ’yan matan Najeriya zuwa Turai musamman Italiya da Rasha da kuma kasashen larabawa musamman Gabas ta Tsakiya, Saudi da Arewacin Afirka don yin karuwanci ta tilas. 

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Sa ido da Yaki da fataucin mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Jerin Kallon Tier 2" a cikin shekarar 2017.

 Laifi 
Dokar hana fataucin bil adama na gudanar da doka a shekarar 2003 da aka yi wa kwaskwarima a shekarar 2005, kuma daga karshe shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya sake kafa ta a shekarar 2015 domin kara hukunta masu safarar mutane, kuma don yin tasiri sosai ya haramta duk wani nau’in safarar mutane. Hukunce-hukuncen da shari'a ta gindaya na zaman gidan yari na shekaru biyar da/ko tarar dala $670 kan fataucin kwadago, daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari ga fataucin yara saboda barace- barace, da kuma shekaru 10 zuwa daurin rai da rai saboda fataucin jima'i sun cika tsauri kuma sun yi daidai da hukuncin da aka tsara. ga sauran manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. 

Dokar kare Haƙƙin yara a Najeriya ta shekarar 2003 ta kuma haramta safarar yara, duk da cewa jihohi 23 ne kawai daga cikin 36 na kasar, ciki har da babban birnin tarayya, suka kafa ta. A tsarin mulkin Najeriya, dokokin da suka shafi 'yancin yara suna karkashin ikon gwamnati; don haka, dole ne a amince da dokar kare hakkin yara ta kowane majalisu na jihohi don aiwatar da su gaba daya. Hukumar ta NAPTIP ta bayar da rahoton bincike 149, da gurfanar da mutane 26, da kuma laifuka 25 na laifukan safarar mutane a lokacin rahoton a karkashin dokar fataucin mutane ta 2003. Hukuncin ya kasance daga watanni biyu zuwa shekaru 10, tare da matsakaita hukuncin zaman gidan yari na shekaru 2.66; Mutane biyu ne kawai da aka samu da laifi aka ba su zabin biyan tara maimakon yin zaman gidan yari. 

Tare da abokan hulda na kasa da kasa, gwamnati ta ba da horo na musamman ga jami'ai kan yadda za su gane, bincike, da kuma gurfanar da laifukan fataucin. ‘Yan sanda da jami’an shige-da-fice da suka hada da masu aiki a ma’aikatun kan iyakoki da filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, a wasu lokutan ana zarginsu da karbar cin hanci don yin la’akari da laifukan safarar mutane. Hukumar NAPTIP ta kori wasu ma’aikatan gwamnati guda biyu da aka samu da karkatar da kudaden wadanda abin ya shafa; an sa su dawo da kudaden. "Nigeria". Trafficking in Persons Report 2010. U.S. Department of State (14 June 2010). 

A shekarar 2014 ne Babbar Darakta ta Hukumar hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta kasa (NAPTIP), Beatrice Jedy-Agba, ta samu lambar yabo daga John Kerry a birnin Washington DC, domin karrama ayyukan da ta ke jagorantar yaki da safarar mutane a Najeriya. Jedy-Agba: Ambassador Entwistle Speech for Reception in Honor of NAPTIP Executive Secretary Beatrice Jedy-Agba (July 15, 2014), 15 July 2015, Nigerian Embassy in the USA, Retrieved 7 February 2016 A watan Maris din shekarar 2017 ne aka nada Dame Julie Okah-Donli a matsayin Darakta-Janar na Hukumar NAPTIP, kuma ta samu gagarumar nasara wajen yaki da safarar mutane a Najeriya. .

 Fataucin 'yan Najeriya a Italiya 
Najeriya mafari ce da kuma hanyar safarar mutane. Saboda yawan al'ummar Najeriya, kasar na zama daya daga cikin kasashen Afirka da ke kan gaba wajen safarar mutane ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Sai dai ya zuwa shekarar 2016 daga cikin bakin haure 181,000 da suka isa Italiya ta tekun Bahar Rum, 'yan Najeriya sun kai kashi 21%.  Fataucin bil adama wata hanya ce ta cin zarafin mata da yara kan aikin arha da karuwanci a matsayin wata dama ta taimakon kansu daga kangin talauci. Fataucin bil adama na Najeriya yana faruwa ne a cikin iyakokin Najeriya, a kasashe makwabta, da kuma a kasashen Turai da dama saboda suna iya jigilar mata da yara a cikin hanyar sadarwa don safarar mutane don fadada kasuwa a cikin wannan masana'anta. Kungiyoyin ‘yan Najeriya sun aike da dubban mata zuwa kasuwannin jima’i a kasashen Italiya da Spain da kuma Netherlands. 

Kimanin mata da ‘yan mata ‘yan Najeriya 21,000 ne aka yi safarar su zuwa kasar Italiya tun daga shekarar 2015 inda kashi 80 cikin 100 na fama da safarar mutane.  A cewar wani rahoto na aikin Vie d'Uscita (Fita Hanyar), 64% na 'yan matan da ake safarar su zuwa Italiya sun fito ne daga Najeriya yayin da 34% daga Albania, Balkans da Romania suka fito.  An fara fataucin matan Najeriya zuwa Italiya a shekarun 1980 saboda bukatar karancin kwararrun ma’aikata a harkar noma da ayyuka.  Najeriya dai na da tarihin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da kudi da ke haddasa rashin aikin yi da fatara da kuma al'adar ba da matasa daga gidajen talakawa zuwa ga iyalan masu hannu da shuni a matsayin taimakon gida. Hakan ya kara tsananta safarar mutane.  An yi kiyasin cewa kusan 'yan Najeriya miliyan 15 ne ke zaune a kasashen waje don neman ilimi, samun ayyukan yi, da ingantacciyar rayuwa fiye da nasu a Najeriya.  Matsanancin yanayin tattalin arziki da ya haifar da rashin aikin yi da rashin aikin yi, da yawan jama'a, rashin zaman lafiya, rashin tsaro da iyakokin iyakoki na taimaka wa ƙaura daga ciki da waje a Nijeriya.    Babban dalilin yin hijira ga ’yan Najeriya shi ne don su taimaka wajen fitar da iyalansu daga kangin talauci ta hanyar samun aikin yi a kasashen waje da kuma aika kudi zuwa gida. Ba a kididdige Najeriya a cikin kasashe goma mafi talauci a Afirka da  kowane mutum GNP na kusan dalar Amurka bn 433.449 kamar yadda aka yi a watan December na shekarar 2019. 

An yaki fataucin bil adama a Najeriya ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da kungiyoyi na gida suka kafa irin su NAPTIP's Public Enlightenment Unit da ke haɗin gwiwa da Devatop Center for Africa Development, da gwamnatin Italiya da ke haɗin gwiwa da gwamnatin Najeriya don yin darasi game da yawan fataucin mutane da ke faruwa a cikin Italiya.   Italiya ba wai kawai jami'ai sun rufe gidajen karuwai a manyan biranen ba, amma gwamnati ta tsara shirye-shirye tare da ma'aikatan jin dadin jama'a don haɗa mata cikin al'umma da zarar sun sami 'yancin kansu. Yawancin ‘yan Najeriya da ke zuwa Italiya ba su iya karatu da karatu ba kuma ba su da masaniyar rayuwar birni, don haka samun wurin zama a cikin biranen Italiya yana da wahala ga ’yan Najeriya ba tare da jagora ba. 

Mummunar fataucin ‘yan mata da mata ‘yan Najeriya don yin lalata da su zuwa kasar Italiya ya zaburar da wani fim mai suna Oloture wanda ke nuna irin mugun halin da wadanda abin ya shafa ke ciki da kuma jure wa zuwa Italiya. Fim din wanda ya kasance cikin manyan fina-finai 10 na Netflix kwanaki kadan bayan fitowar shi a shekarar 2019 kuma ana kallon shi a matsayin wani mataki na ilimantar da 'yan mata da mata don fahimtar gaskiyar gaskiyar da ke bayan alkawuran 'aiki a Turai'.  

Galibin mata da ‘yan mata da ake safarar su zuwa kasar Italiya sun fito ne daga jihar Edo da ke Kudancin Najeriya.  Wadanda aka kama da safarar su, yawanci sun ki bayyana sunayen wakilan da aka sayar da su da kuma mutanen da aka sayar da su, saboda rantsuwar da aka yi da su a gaban likitocin ‘yan asalin jihar suna amfani da gashin kansu, farce da kuma jininsu a wasu lokutan a jihar Edo.   Oba na Benin wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin shugaban ruhi a Masarautar Benin, Jihar Edo kwanan nan ya la'anci wadanda ke taimakawa da fataucin 'yan matan Edo zuwa Italiya da sauran wurare. Ya kuma karya duk wasu yarjejeniyoyin da ake zargin wadanda aka yi fatauci da su sun kulla da barayin da wakilansu.    Ana sa ran wannan mataki da Oba na Benin ya dauka zai rage yawan fataucin mutane daga jihar Edo tare da kwarin gwiwar bayyana masu fataucin da wakilansu.
.  


 Kariya 
Najeriya ta ci gaba da kokarinta na kare fataucin wadanda abin ya shafa a shekarar 2009. Jami'an 'yan sanda, kwastam, shige-da- fice, da hukumar NAPTIP sun yi amfani da tsari don gano wadanda abin ya shafa a tsakanin masu hadarin gaske, kamar matasa mata ko 'yan mata da ke tafiya tare da wadanda ba dangi ba. Bayanai da hukumar ta NAPTIP ta bayar sun nuna cewa an gano jimillar mutane 1,109 da aka gano tare da bayar da agaji a daya daga cikin matsugunan NAPTIP guda takwas a fadin kasar nan a lokacin rahoton; 624 sun kasance lokuta na fataucin don cin zarafin kasuwanci da kuma 328 don cin zarafin aiki. Hukumomin gwamnati dabam-dabam sun aika da wadanda abin ya shafa fataucin zuwa ga NAPTIP don matsuguni da sauran ayyukan kariya: shige-da-fice da aka ambata 465; 'yan sanda sun mika 277; Ayyukan zamantakewa suna magana 192; kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha ta yi nuni da tara. 

Ma'aikatan mafaka sun tantance bukatun wadanda abin ya shafa a lokacin da suka isa wurin kuma sun ba da abinci, tufafi, matsuguni, ayyukan nishaɗi, da koyarwa kan fasaha daban-daban, gami da koyar da sana'o'i; An ba da shawara ta hankali ga mafi tsanani lokuta kawai. Yayin da suke matsugunan NAPTIP, mutane 70 da abin ya shafa sun samu tallafin koyar da sana’o’in hannu da tallafin gwamnati. Hukumar ta NAPTIP ta kiyasta kashe kudaden da gwamnati ta kashe a shekarar 2009 kan matsugunan ta ya kai dala 666,000. Dokar Taimakawa Doka da Gudanarwa ta 2003 ta ba da kulawa, kariya, da ayyukan rashin nuna wariya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. Dokar ta bayyana cewa ba za a iya tsare wanda aka yi fatauci ba saboda wani laifi da aka aikata sakamakon fataucinsa. 

A lokacin rahoton, gwamnati ta dauki matakin mayar da wuraren da wadanda abin ya shafa ke da nisa mai nisa daga wuraren da ake tsare da masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi, lamarin da ya rage yiwuwar masu safarar za su iya yin tasiri da bai dace ba a kan wadanda abin ya shafa. An bar wadanda abin ya shafa su zauna a matsugunin gwamnati na tsawon makonni shida. Idan ana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo, an tuntuɓi hukumomin ƙungiyoyin jama'a don ɗaukar wanda aka azabtar. Jami’ai sun karfafa wadanda abin ya shafa su taimaka wajen gudanar da bincike da hukunta masu safarar mutane, kuma wadanda abin ya shafa sun zama shaida a duk shari’ar da hukumar ta NAPTIP ta samu. 

Waɗanda abin ya shafa za su iya neman hakkinsu bisa ka’ida ta hanyar ƙararrakin farar hula a kan masu fataucin, ko kuma neman kudi daga Asusun Tallafawa wadanda aka kashe a shekarar 2009 inda ake mika kadarorin da aka kwace daga hannun masu fataucin ga wadanda abin ya shafa. Kwamitin Asusun Tallafawa yana karkashin jagorancin Ministan Shari'a kuma yana yin taro sau hudu a kowace shekara. Gwamnati ta ba da wani iyakataccen tsari na shari'a na kawar da waɗanda aka kashe daga ƙasashen waje zuwa kasashen da suke fuskantar wahala ko azaba - zama na gajeren lokaci wanda ba za a iya tsawaita ba. 

 Rigakafi 
Sashen wayar da kan jama’a na NAPTIP da ke aiki a yankunan karkarar Binuwai, Kogi, da Edo, NAPTIP ta bullo da shirye-shirye na asali tare da gudanar da gasar tseren gudun hijira na farko na shekara-shekara na yaki da fataucin mutane a Jihar Edo tare da ‘yan gudun hijira mutum 5,000 a shekara ta 2009.

Sashen wayar da kan jama'a na NAPTIP ya yi hadin gwiwa da Cibiyar Ci gaban Afirka ta Devatop don ilimantar da mata, matasa, malamai da matasa sama da 5000 kan yadda za a hana safarar mutane. A cikin shekara ta 2015, sun tallafa wa Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka don aiwatar da aikin gwaji: "The Academy for Prevention of Human Trafficking and Other Related Alters (TAPHOM)".  An kaddamar da aikin ne domin tara masu fafutukar yaki da fataucin bil-Adama da za su taka rawar gani wajen yaki da safarar mutane a yankunansu da jihohinsu daban-daban. 

Mata 120, matasa, malamai, jami’an tsaro, masu aikin shari’a, kwararrun kafafen yada labarai, ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya, da masu aikin sa kai na al’umma daga jihohi 6 an horar dasu tsakanin watan Yuli 2015 zuwa Mayu 2016. Mahalarta taron sun taka rawar gani wajen hana safarar mutane. Mataki na gaba shine a kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Rigakafin Fataucin Bil Adama wanda zai mayar da hankali kan horarwa, bincike, shawarwari, shawarwari da wallafe-wallafe.

A matakin kasa, ta kira taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekara ta 2009 don ɗaliban sakandare da taken yaki da safarar mutane. Bugu da kari, an kaddamar da rangadi na jihohi tara domin kafa ƙungiyoyin aiki na jiha don yaƙi da safarar mutane. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, NAPTIP ta gudanar da taron bita na masu ruwa da tsaki a Kaduna don tsara abubuwan da suka shafi shirye-shirye da kiyasin farashi don aiwatar da shirin na kasa. Sojojin Najeriya na samun horo na tilas kan kare Haƙƙin ɗan adam da fataucin mutane a shirye-shiryen gudanar da ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya a ƙasashen waje. Jami’ai sun koma rufe gidajen karuwai biyu a Legas a cikin kwata na farko na shekara ta 2010. A waɗannan gidajen karuwai, hukumomi sun ceto Mata guda 12, ciki har da wasu ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru shida da aka yi musu fatauci. An yanke masa hukuncin dauri na shekaru biyu a gidan yari, an kuma yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari, sannan aka bukaci ya kwace otal dinsa.  A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2020, 'yan sanda sun yi nasarar ceto mutane 232 da aka yi musu fataucin jima'i da kuma aikin tilastawa a wani babban aiki a Yamai, babban birnin kasar. 

 Ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da safarar mutane a Najeriya 
 Cibiyar Devatop for Africa Development (DCAD), ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta tare da mayar da hankali kan yaki da fataucin mutane, cin zarafin mata, cin zarafin yara ; da bayar da tallafin ilimi ga yara masu rauni. Ƙungiya ce ƙarƙashin jagorancin matasa wacce ta kasance a sahun gaba wajen yaƙi da safarar mutane da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi su. Ƙungiyar ta kasance tana jan hankalin matasa wajen gina kasa ba tare da safarar mutane ba.
 Gidauniyar Fataucin Mata da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (WOTCLEF), ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda ta dau ƙaƙƙarfan matsaya a kan fataucin mata da bautar da yara. WOTCLEF ta ba da shawarar kafa NAPTIP.
 Pathfinders Justice Initiative, Inc. (www.pathfindersji.org) wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai yaki da fataucin mutane wacce ke aiki don hana bautar zamani (fasirin jima'i) da 'yantar da mata da 'yan mata da suke bayi ta hanyar kawar da tushen tushen kai tsaye. R. Evon Benson-Idahosa ne ya kafa ta, Esq., babban kwararre kuma jagoran tunani kan fataucin jima'i wanda kuma mai ba da shawara ne ga gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi na ƙasa da kasta.
 Ƙungiyar Mata ta Najeriya
 Hadin gwiwar Yaki da Fataucin Bil Adama da Cin Duri da Yara
 Viable Knowledge Masters (VKM), wani kamfani ne na bincike da ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki sosai kan masana'antar jarirai da fataucin jarirai da mata da ke faruwa a waɗannan wurare. Ana buga ayyukan VKM akan masana'antar jarirai a cikin sanannun mujallolin da aka yi bitar takwarorinsu.
 Task Force Against Human Trafficking (ETAHT): Gwamnan Jihar Edo, Mista Godwin Obaseki ya kafa a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 2017, a matsayin martani ga yawaitar fataucin bil’adama da kaura ba bisa ka’ida ba a jihar. An kafa ETAHT da farko don kawar da bala'in fataucin mutane gaba daya a cikin jihar. a ƙarƙashinzu yana karkashin jagorancin Prof. Yinka Omorogbe. Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da comm. na Adalci.

 Duba kuma 

 Karuwanci a Najeriya
 Hakkin Dan Adam a Najeriya
 Laifuka a Najeriya

 Manazarta 

Category:Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
Category:Haƙƙoƙi
Category:Haƙƙoƙin Mata
Category:Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki
Category:Ƴancin Mata a Najeriya
Category:Ƴancin muhalli
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba
Rukuni:Fataucin Mutane a Afirka