Damar Samun Adalci

Samun adalci wata ƙa'ida ce ta asali a cikin doka wacce ke bayyana yadda 'yan ƙasa ke samun daidaitaccen damar yin amfani da tsarin doka a cikin mahallinsu. 

Yawancin mahallin suna da yunƙuri da shirye-shirye an tsara su don samar da sabis na doka ga al'ummomin da ƙila in ba haka ba suna da wahalar samun shawarar doka da wakilci. Idan ba tare da samun adalci ba, mutane ba za su iya yin cikakken amfani da haƙƙinsu ba, ƙalubalantar wariya, ko ɗaukar masu yanke shawara kan ayyukansu.

Yadda al'ummomi ke taimakawa ƴan kasarsu wajen samun adalci ya sha banban da kasa. Ana iya ƙara samun damar yin adalci ta hanyar samun kuɗi da kyau da ƙungiyoyin taimakon doka waɗanda ke ba da sabis na shari'a kyauta ga matalauta, da kuma ta hanyar shirye-shiryen pro bono ta hanyar da lauyoyin sa kai ke ba da sabis da wakilci a cikin kotu, ko ta wasu shirye-shiryen da aka tsara. don taimaka wa mutane su sami magunguna ta hanyar kotu ko wasu cibiyoyin shari'a.

 Shirye-shiryen ƙasa da kasa 

 Samun Kyautar Harkar Shari'a 

An kafa ƙungiyar Free Access to Law Movement (FALM) a cikin 1992, tare da burin samar da damar yanar gizo kyauta ga ainihin bayanan doka da albarkatu. A cikin 2002, FALM ta karɓi Sanarwa kan Samun Doka Kyauta. Manufar motsi shine tabbatar da cewa bayanan doka suna samuwa ga kowa da kowa. Sanarwar ta ayyana bayanan shari'a na jama'a a matsayin gadon gama gari na ɗan adam.https://oceanfdn.org/ha/bambance-bambancen-%C3%A3dalci-hada-da-damar-samun-adalci/

Ƙungiyoyin memba na FALM, da farko ta hanyar Intanet, sun tsunduma cikin yada bayanan shari'a na farko da na sakandare. Misalai na farko sun haɗa da Cibiyar Ba da Bayanin Shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Cornell da Cibiyar Ba da Bayanin Shari'a ta Australasia, aikin haɗin gwiwa na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sydney da Jami'ar New South Waleshttps://oceanfdn.org/ha/bambance-bambancen-%C3%A3dalci-hada-da-damar-samun-adalci/. Ƙarshen ya haɗa da farkon fara amfani da fasahar rubutu don wakiltar dokoki azaman hanyar sadarwar nodes, kowanne yana wakiltar sashe. Legal_Information_Institutes.htm

A cikin 2013, Makarantar Shari'a ta Cornell ta kafa Journal of Open Access to Law, don inganta bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa kan batun buɗe damar yin amfani da doka.

 Ƙaddamarwa ta ƙasa 

 Myanmar 
MyJustice wata ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ce da Tarayyar Turai ke ba da tallafin samun damar samun Adalci da nufin wadata al'ummar Myanmar da ilimi, kwarin gwiwa da damar magance rikice-rikice cikin adalci, adalci da adalci. Tun daga shekara ta 2015 sun kafa "cibiyoyin shari'a" da dama a fadin Myanmar don inganta damar yin adalci ta hanyar ba da shawarwarin shari'a kyauta ga masu ƙaramin ƙarfi da masu zaman kansu, da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan da suka shafi gabatar da taimakon shari'a da horar da doka.

 Pakistan 
Samun damar Adalci Initiatives (AJI) wani gungu ne na ayyukan da Sarhad Rural Support Programme (SRSP) ke aiwatarwa a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, da nufin haɓaka wayar da kan doka da ƙarfafa ƴan ƙasa a matakin tushe ta hanyar ba su damar yin amfani da su don gudanar da ayyukan. hakkokinsu da kuma neman maganin matsalolinsu na shari'a.

 Ƙaddamarwa 
Samun damar Ƙaddamar da Adalci ya ƙunshi ayyuka masu zuwa:

 Ƙarfafa Doka
 Aitebaar Madadin Rikicin Rigima
 Aitebaar Fadakarwa
 Ƙarfafa Doka a Malakand
 Maganganun Rikici Tsakanin Al'umma

 Siffofin 
Alamar gamayya ta ayyukan ita ce, dukkansu suna da manufar ƙarfafa ƙwarin gwiwar al'ummomin da ba su da galihu don kare haƙƙinsu da shiga da kuma ɗaukar nauyin hukumomin gwamnati. A cikin al'ummomi masu matsayi na gargajiya, ƙungiyoyin jama'a suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen haɓaka damar yin amfani da sabis ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu rauni.

Ayyukan na neman magance batutuwan da ke da rauni a tsakanin hanyoyin adalci da kuma rashin ingantaccen goyon bayan doka.   

Wasu daga cikin ayyukan sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan cibiyoyin shari'a na yau da kullun ta yadda za a iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin warware takaddama don warware takaddama a matakin al'umma, tare da taimakawa wajen samar da dandalin tattaunawa tsakanin hanyoyin yau da kullun da na yau da kullun.  An horar da mambobin al’ummomin a matsayin ƴan sanda don cike gibin da ke tsakanin masu rauni a cikin al’umma da cibiyoyin gwamnati. A yankuna masu nisa da kuma baya na Pakistan jama'a gaba daya ba sa son amincewa da 'yan sanda ko lauyoyi amma suna nuna babban sha'awar amincewa da manyan al'ummominsu,  wadanda sukan warware taƙaddama ta hanyar tsarin Jirga. Ana sanar da 'yan sanda da masu shiga tsakani game da haƙƙin ɗan adam, tsarin shari'a da iyakokin ikonsu wajen magance rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ba a rasa haƙƙin mahalarta ba. Ana bukatar Majalisar sasanta rikicin (DRC) da aka kafa ta wannan fanni da su yi aiki tare da ‘yan sandan yankin don tabbatar da gaskiya da inganci. An horar da mata da yawa a matsayin masu shiga tsakani da kuma ’yan sanda don ganin shirin ya kasance mai karbuwa ga mata. 

Ana ba da taimakon shari'a ga mutanen da ba za a iya magance matsalolinsu ta hanyar shawarwari, sulhu, sulhu ko wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Sau da yawa, shari'ar da ta cancanci taimakon shari'a ta ƙunshi batutuwan auren yara, auren dole, zaluncin aure, riƙon yara, hana gado, wariya da dai sauransu.

 Amurka 
Domin tsarin gargajiya na sabis na isarwa ya buƙaci duk aikin doka da a yi ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba wadatar ayyukan doka gabaɗaya ba ta da ƙarfi. Iyalan da ba su cancanci taimakon shari'a ba amma ba za su iya samun sauƙin biyan sabis na shari'a ba suna cikin rashin kulawa sosai ta tsarin gargajiya. Wani rahoto da Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Amurka ya yi game da Ba da Sabis na Shari'a ya gano cewa "a cikin gidaje masu matsakaicin matsakaici, kashi 39% sun yi amfani da tsarin shari'a don ƙoƙarin warware matsalolinsu na shari'a, 23% sun yi ƙoƙarin warwarewa ba tare da taimakon shari'a ba, kuma 26% sun dauka. babu wani aiki." 

 Hanyoyin fasaha 
Lauyoyi, masu zane-zane, da masana kimiyyar kwamfuta sun yi la'akari da hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da fasaha don inganta damar da ba lauyoyi ba don samun adalci. See CodeX Techindex. Stanford Law School, n.d. Web. 16 June 2017. <https://techindex.law.stanford.edu/ >.

Cibiyar Fasaha ta Illinois (IIT's) Cibiyar Zane-zane da Kwalejin Shari'a ta Chicago-Kent sun haɗu a kan sake fasalin shekaru da yawa na ƙwarewar kotuna masu wakiltar kansu. Rahoton su na 2002 ya rubuta bincikensu na tsarin taimako na yanzu, ƙirƙirar sabuwar ƙa'idar ƙira, da shirin sabon ƙirar tsarin. Rahoton ya kuma gabatar da wasu tsare-tsare na ra'ayi, yana sake yin tunanin yadda tsarin kotun zai yi aiki kuma mutane za su iya shiga. Wasu daga cikin shawarwarinsu sun haɗa da:

 "CourtNet", cibiyar sadarwa a cikin ginin kotun, don haɗa haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan shari'a da jama'a;
 "Interactive Translator", kayan aikin software wanda za'a iya amfani da shi wajen yin hira da musanyar kotu, mai iya fassara hanyoyin sadarwa na magana da rubutu zuwa harsuna daban-daban;
 "Archetypes", wani dandalin bincike wanda ke ƙera matsalolin shari'a na masu amfani, yana rarraba su, kuma yana ba da sabis na neman aiki;
 "Pursuit Evaluator", kayan aiki na kan layi don ba da damar masu yuwuwar masu kara su tantance ko bin shari'ar zai cancanci lokacinsu, kuɗi, da ƙoƙarinsu.
 "Formulator Formulator", na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don barin masu shigar da kara su cire bayanai daga halin da suke ciki da kuma tattara su cikin takardun shari'a daban-daban;
 "Mai ba da labari", software da ke amfani da samfurin shari'o'in don taimakawa masu ƙararrakin su tsara nasu fom kuma suna koya musu yadda ake rubutawa daidai; kuma
 "Case Tracker", ma'auni mai ma'amala da bincike na tarihin shari'a, wanda ke ba da fayyace tsarin lokaci da kuma nuni ga ayyukan da suka gabata.

Cibiyar Berkman a Harvard Law School tana aiki tare da alkali Dina Fein a Massachusetts don tsara hanyar samun damar yin adalci a cikin jihar don masu gabatar da kara, masu ƙaramin ƙarfi, masu kara da ba su iya Turanci, da masu naƙasa.

Codex, Cibiyar Stanford don Asusun Lafiya na Lafiya, da dokar bakuncin dokokin shari'a don samun damar masu bincike, 'yan kasuwa,' yan kasuwa da fasaha-da fasaha -gefe don ciyar da iyakokin fasahar doka.

 Manazarta 

Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba