Haƙƙin maye gurbi

" Haƙƙin maye gurbi  (RTR) " dokoki ne da ake da su a wasu jihohin Indiya waɗanda ke ba wa 'yan ƙasa damar cire ko maye gurbin ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke rike da mukaman Sarpanch, Mukhiya, Kamfanin kamfani da Magajin Gari a cikin gwamnati.

 Tarihi 
A  Indiya ta zamani, Sachindra Nath Sanyal ne ya fara neman 'yancin maye gurbin ma'aikatan gwamnati. Sachindra Nath Sanyal wasu ne suka rubuta bayanin kungiyar Hindustan Republican Association a cikin Disamba Shekarata 1924. A cikin littafinsa an rubuta cewa, "A wannan jamhuriya masu zabe za su sami 'yancin kiran wakilansu, idan ana so, in ba haka ba dimokuradiyya za ta zama abin izgili." "Letter, Writtings and Statements of Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his Co-patriots" http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?link=revolutionary

Muhawarar Tunawa da zababbun wakilai na da dadadden tarihi a dimokuradiyyar Indiya; har an tattauna lamarin a Majalisar Zartarwa. Sannan Kuma Muhawarar ta ta'allaka ne kan imanin cewa 'yancin yin kira dole ne ya kasance tare da 'yancin zaɓe kuma masu jefa ƙuri'a dole ne a samar musu da maganin 'idan abubuwa sun lalace'. Sai dai Dr. BR Ambedkar bai amince da wannan gyara ba. "Journal of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies January - December 2015" https://ipsdelhi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Right-to-Recall-in-India-An-Analysis-Kota-Neelima-1.pdf 

Yayin da wasu mambobin suka yi imanin cewa Recall zai taimaka wajen ilimin siyasa na mutane kuma zai karfafa masu jefa kuri'a suyi tunani, Kuma wasu sun yi jayayya cewa ba zai dace ba a samar da tanadin Tunawa a farkon dimokuradiyyar Indiya. An ji cewa Recall zai mayar da mazabar fagen fama tsakanin ’yan takara kuma ba dole ba ne ya sanya su zama masu adawa da hamayyar siyasa. 

“Idan akwai wasu bata gari ko wasu bakaken tunkiya da suka rasa amincewar mazabarsu har yanzu suna son ci gaba da wakiltar mazabar a majalisar, saboda wasu munanan lokuta bai kamata mu lalata mazabarmu ba. Sannan Kuma Ya kamata mu bar shi kamar yadda yake, ga kyakkyawar ma'anar membobin da abin ya shafa "Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel a ranar 18 ga Yuli yayin da yake tattaunawa game da gyare-gyaren da aka ba da shawara kan ikon tunawa a cikin muhawarar majalisar wakilai. "CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA DEBATES (PROCEEDINGS)-VOLUME IV Friday, the 18th July 1947" http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/cadebatefiles/C18071947.html

A lokaci guda, duk da haka, wasu membobin sun ji tsoron cewa ƙungiyoyin ƙauye ko na gundumomi na iya zama masu mulkin kama-karya ba tare da Ƙaddamar Amincewa ko Tunawa ba. 

Dokar Tunawa ta farko ta zo ne a matsayin tanadin rashin amincewa kan Sarpanch da membobin Gram Sabha suka yi a Uttar Pradesh a cikin shekarata 1947. "The U.P. Panchayat Raj Act, 1947, page 32, section 14" http://panchayatiraj.up.nic.in/docs/ActsnRules/GP-Act-1947-English.pdf

 Jihohin da ke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Panchayat 
An aiwatar da Tunawa a matakin Panchayat a cikin jihohin Uttar Pradesh,  Uttarakhand, "उत्तराखंड पंचायती राज अधिनियम, 2016" http://ukpanchayat.org/pdf/Panchayati-Raj-Adhiniyam-2016.pdf Bihar, "THE BIHAR PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT, 2006"  http://biharprd.bih.nic.in/StateActRules/ACT_Bihar%20Panchayat%20Raj%20Act%202006%20-%20English.pdf  Jharkhand, "The Jharkhand Panchayat Raj Act, 2001" https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/135070/the-jharkhand-panchayat-raj-act-2001-complete-act  Madhya Pradesh, "The M.P. Panchayat Raj Avam Gram Swaraj Adhiniyam, 1993" http://www.bareactslive.com/MP/MP558.HTM  Chhatisgarh, "The Chhattisgarh Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993" http://www.bareactslive.com/Ch/CG043.HTM  Maharashtra "THE MAHARASHTRA VILLAGE PANCHAYATS ACT" https://mahasec.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/Upload/GR/The%20Maharashtra%20Village%20Panchayts%20Act.pdf da Himachal Pradesh <ref name="HP_Law" ."THE HIMACHAL PRADESH PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT, 1994" https://hppanchayat.nic.in/PDF/THE%20HIMACHAL%20PRADESH%20PANCHAYATI%20RAJ%20ACT,%201994(Final).pdf

Dama Don Tunawa Sarpanch shima kwanan nan ya wuce don Haryana .

Hanyar Tunawa akan Sarpanch hanya ce ta mataki 2 wacce 'yan ƙasa za su iya farawa kai tsaye. Bayan lokacin kulle-kulle na shekaru 1-2 daban-daban daga jaha zuwa jaha, wasu adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a na Gram Sabha suna buƙatar gabatar da sa hannunsu / yatsan yatsan hannu da ƙara ofishin tattarawa. Bayan tabbatar da sa hannun, Kuma an shirya taron duk membobin Gram Sabha kuma idan yawancin Gram Sabha suka kada kuri'ar adawa da Sarpanch mai zaman, an cire Sarpanch.     "THE HIMACHAL PRADESH PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT, 1994" https://hppanchayat.nic.in/PDF/THE%20HIMACHAL%20PRADESH%20PANCHAYATI%20RAJ%20ACT,%201994(Final).pdf

 Rashin Tasirin Haƙƙin Tunawa da dokoki a matakin Panchayat 
Tun a shekarar 1947 aka fara yin tunawa a Uttar Pradesh kuma a Madhya Pradesh sama da shekaru goma yanzu amma ba a yi motsa jiki sosai a matakin Gram Panchayats ba, saboda rashin sanin yakamata. "MP: ‘Right to Recall’ in Panchayats not exercised" https://zeenews.india.com/news/madhya-pradesh/mp-right-to-recall-in-panchayats-not-exercised_731873.html

Duk da cewa mazauna kauyukan da ke cikin wadannan jihohin suna da ikon cire Sarpanch dinsu kai tsaye, Kuma cin hanci da rashawa da Sarpanch na wadannan jihohin ya yi yawa kuma ya yadu. "PMAY: Corruption Brings Housing Construction to a Standstill in UP's Village" https://www.videovolunteers.org/pmay-corruption-brings-housing-construction-to-a-standstill-in-ups-village/ "Thane: Woman Sarpanch Accepts Rs. 2.5 Lakh Bribe By Cheque, Arrested" https://www.ndtv.com/cities/thane-woman-sarpanch-accepts-rs-2-5-lakh-bribe-by-cheque-arrested-584091 "बेलगांव सरपंच ने पीएम आवास में लांघी भ्रष्टाचार की सीमा" http://www.palpalindia.com/2017/11/07/anuppur-mp-Belgaum-Sarpanch-PM-Housing-Scheme-Corruption-Interests-Bribery-news-in-hindi-216877.html  "सचिव सरपंच की मिलीभगत से पंचायत के लाखों रुपए के कामों में हेराफेरी का आरोप, आंगनवाड़ी भवन बना खंडहर, दीवारों में आईं दरारें" https://www.newindiatimes.net/?p=44496 "Millionaire mukhiyas" https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/millionaire-mukhiyas-42170

 Jihohin da suke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Municipal 
An aiwatar da Tunawa a matakin Municipal a cikin jihohin Madhya Pradesh, "The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961" http://www.mpurban.gov.in/pdf/MunicipalCorporationACT1961.pdf Chhatisgarh, "The Chhattisgarh Municipalities Act, 1961 Complete Act" https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/134620/the-chhattisgarh-municipalities-act-1961-complete-act  Bihar, "बिहार नगरपालिका विधेयेक 2007" http://urban.bih.nic.in/Acts/AR-02-29-03-2007.pdf  Jharkhand "The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 Complete Act" https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/135068/the-jharkhand-municipal-act-2011-complete-act  da Rajasthan . "The Rajasthan Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2010" http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/rajasthan/2010/2010Rajasthan19.pdf 

 Haƙƙin Tunawa da kudirin da aka gabatar na MP da MLA 
Kundin Tsarin Mulki (gyara) Kudiri game da haƙƙin masu jefa ƙuri'a na tunawa da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai an gabatar da shi a Lok Sabha ta CK Chandrappan a cikin shekarata 1974 kuma Atal Bihari Vajpayee ya goyi bayan wannan amma kudurin bai zartar ba.  

Hukumar zabe ta Indiya ta yi adawa da wannan Hakki kuma an yi muhawara tare da ba da haske a cikin siyasar Indiya . "Right to recall a dangerous idea" https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/right-to-recall-a-dangerous-idea/article20351844.ece1 "A Critical Take On ‘Right To Recall’" https://web.archive.org/web/20180726071205/https://www.livelaw.in/critical-take-right-recall/  

Kudirin memba mai zaman kansa, Dokar wakilcin Jama'a (gyara), shekarata 2016 Varun Gandhi ya gabatar da shi a Lok Sabha. 

 Manazarta 

Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba