Hadurran Bakin Rafi

Hadurran Bakin Rafi

Harkokin noma kan sa darajar ruwa ta karu, ta hanyoyi biyu. Na farko wajen dorewar harkokin noma a kan fakon da ake samun zaizayar asa. Dukan dattin da ruwan sama ya wanko, zuwa bakin rafi, da yadda bakin rafin kan zama tabkuna, da ma koguna da sauran tarkacen da ruwa kan kwaso, domin cike bakin rafin. Wannan na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, ya kuma hana madatsun ruwa yin aiki, yadda ya kamata. A dan lokacin, duk wadansu albarkatun dake gina jiki, kan rauraye, sai kuma shinfidar kasar dake fakon ta fara lalacewa. Yau da gobe, sai asar ta fara soyewa, ta kai ta fara wankewa. Idan zaizayar Kasar ta ci gaba, sai ta kai kasar ba ta sauran amfani. Wannan matsalar sai karuwa take yi, a duniya, inda fako ke ta wankewa, da kuma dankarewa. Matsin lambar yawan jama’a, da manufofin gwamnati, da bukatun kasuwanni da irin yadda kasar noma take lalacewa, na tilasta wa manoma, da su matsa, ya zuwa wurin da ya fi tudu. 

Al’amarin na biyu, na yin noma, da ruwa mai kyau, yana farawa ne, daga yin amfani da takin zamani, da kuma feshin magungunan kwari. Wadannan magungunan, na iya wanke ruwan damina, ya gangare, zuwa bakin tabkuna, da kuma teku. A nan Afrika, inda ba a faya yin amfani da takin zamani ba, dan Karin sinadarin inganta jiki, kan za ma da amfani, a gefen bakin tekun. A yankin Asia, kuma, inda ake rangwanta yin amfani da magungunan noma, koguna na iya kasancewa cike da magunguna. Wannan na iya kai mu ga tsabtace kazanta: Gamsa-kuka, ko sauran tsire-tsire, kan tsiro, da yawa, su kuma dagula tsarin albarkatu, ya kuma rage yawan iskar shaka, ko ya kashe kifaye. Idan takin zamani da magungunan kwari suka shiga cikin koramar kasa, da ake amfani da ita, domin sha, to, za a samu matsala kan kiwon lafiyar bil adama. Hukumar Kula da Gudanar da Harkokin kungiyoyin Zaizayar kasa, (MSEC), da aka faka, cikin shekarun 1990, domin magance rashin sanin kididdigar zagaen tabkuna, dake fadin Kudu maso Gabashin yankin Asia, ya gudanar da wani bincike, a wannan fannin. Gugun kungiyoyin, sun hada da na kasashen Indonesia, da Laos, da Philippines, da Thailand, da kuma Vietnam, tare da kuma hukumar IWMI, da ma Cibiyar Inganta Harkokin Bincike, ta kasar Faransa, French Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD). 

A lokacin aikin, na shekaru biyar, hukumar ta MSEC, ta tantance yawan wurin, da kuma sauran fakon da ya rage na noma, a wurare har 27, (na makwararar  ruwan fadamar), da ma kananan wurare, a kasashe biyar. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa, farfado da yin amfani da asar wurin, na iya taimakawa, wajen rigakafin duk wata mugunyar illa, ga al’ummar dake gefen tekun. 

Mafita Harkokin Kimiyya Kididdigar ta nuna cewa, hanzarta canje-canjen kasar noman, sun shafi wuraren. Alal misali, lokacin da manoman suka nemi kara samun abun na masarufi, ta hanyar gitta wadansu iri, a garaken na rambutan, da itacen rogo, a daya daga cikin wuraren dake kasar Indonesia, sai sauran fakon ya fara Karuwa, da nauyin gram kusan uku, a kowace hekta, ya zuwa gram 13.1. Masana harkokin kimiyya, sun gano cewa, ci gaba da noman dake haddasa zaizayar kasar, (alal misali, bunkasa irin masarar dake da saurin yabanya,  maimakon shinkafar). Daga bisani, sun gano cewa, aikin na iya taimaka wa rigakafin zaizayar kasar, irin na shuka itatuwan dake ‘ya’ya, ko shuka jerin ciyawa, a kan inda kasar noman ta yi shan-bante. 

An kuma ga ci gaban fakon, lokacin da manoman suka amince yin amfani da wadansu tsare-tsare na noman. Alal misali, lokacin da aka maye gurbin ciyayin  da aka gitta, da itacen rogon, a garaken na yankin rambutan, dake kasar Indonesia, domin dabbobi, sai zaizayar fakon ta fara raguwa, a kowace shekara, da gram 13.1, a kowace hekta, ya zuwa gram 2.7. Bugu da kari, manoman dake yankin Laos, sun rage zaizayar farkon, daga gram 5.9, a kowane hekta, a shekara, ya zuwa gram 0.1, inda suka yi amfani da tsarin kuyoyin da suka kara wa kasar kwari."Water Q&A: Why is water the "universal
solvent"?" . www.usgs.gov . ( U.S. Department of the Interior ). Retrieved 15 January 2021.

Tunanin Yin Canji
A dukan duniya, manoma na yin nawar yin amfani da dabarun rage zaizayaar Kasar. Masana harkokin kimiyyar hukumar IWMI, sun yi imanin manoman na da karancin tunani. Masana harkokin kimiyyar, suna tantance wani tsari ne, na rarrabe alfanun dake tsakanin kasar noman dake fako, da ta kamfanonin dake 
samar da wutar lantarki, ke nomawa, a gefen madatsun ruwa. Manufar ita ce, kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarkin, waanda ke da wata sha’awar dorewar tara ruwan da ba shi da dandanon gishiri, za su biya manoman, domin su rage karfin zaizayar kasar. 

“Wannan yankin na da wani irin yanayin shimfi]ar kasa, kuma bisa ga irin yadda aka samu bunkasar tattalin arziki, suna da bukatar wutar lantarki,” in ji Pay Drechsel, shugaban fasalin inganta darajar ruwa, da harkokin kiwon lafiya da kuma muhalli, na hukumar IWMI. “An tsara ginin daruruwan madatsun  ruwa, da dama.” Yin kuma amfani da wannan tunanin, na taimaka rage gurbacewar yanayi, daga takin zamani, da ma magunguna kwari, ba a nufin zai biya manoman ba, na da su yi amfani da ‘yan magungunan feshi; haka ma, tana bukatar a hari rangwanci, kwarai da gaske. Alal misali, idan har aka kai ga wani manzalin illar maganin farar wuta, phosphorus, da ake samu a yankin, to, zai yi amfani, a kawar da rangwamen, kan maganin na phosphorus, wanda ke dauke da wani sinadari, ko zai iya sanya tsadar magungunan, ko ya taimaka wa manoman, a su yi amfani da su, jefi-jefi. 

Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Albarkatun Ruwa, wata kungiyar ce, mai zaman  kanta, da ba riba take bukata ba, kuma daya daga cikin cibiyoyin nazari har 15, da Rukunin Harkokin Bayar da Shawarwari Kan Binciken Aikin Noma na Duniya, (CGIAR), ke tallafa wa. Manufar hukumar IWMI, ita ta ta “inganta kula da kasar noma, da kuma albarkatun ruwa, domin samar da abinci, da harkokin rayuwa, da kuma muhalli.” Cibiyar na aiki ne, da wadansu takwarorinta na kasashen waje, domin taimaka wa gano hanyoyin da za a rage duk wata illar da za ta shafi yin amfani da kasar noma, da kuma habaka darajar ruwa, da harkokin rayuwa."Water Q&A: Why is water the "universal solvent"?" . www.usgs.gov . ( U.S. Department of the Interior ). Retrieved 15 January 2021.

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