Hadarin muhalli game da lafiyar sana'a da wajajen shaƙatawa na dabbabo a amurka

A cikin Amurka, akwai hadarin muhalli da lafiyar sana'a a wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi. Hadarin da ke tattare da aiki tare da kula da dabbobi, sun haɗa da amincin ma'aikaci. Akwai kariya da yawa a wurin don hana rauni, cuta, da mutuwa.

 Amincin ma'aikata 
Masu kula da gidan zoo ko ma'aikatan gidan namun daji ana yiwa lakabin matsayi masu hadari. Akwai ka'idodin masu iyaka game da amincin ma'aikatan gidan zoo.

Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Ma'aikata (OSHA) wata hukuma ce ta tarayya da ke da alhakin saitawa da sa ido kan ka'idojin lafiya da aminci na wurin aiki. OSHA ba ta kebance takamaiman sashe na ka'idodin da ka'idodi don ma'aikatan gidan zoo ba. Kuma Abubuwan bukatun gidajen namun daji sun fadi karkashin ka'idodin OSHA don kiyaye yanayin aiki mai aminci da lafiya. "Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970" , "Occupational Safety and Health Administration" January 1, 2004

Kungiyar Zoos da Aquariums (AZA) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da izini ga cibiyoyin da ke aiki kuma sun cika ƙa'idodin su. Kuma Yayin da yawancin ma'aunai ke mayar da hankali kan lafiya da amincin dabbobi, an hada ka'idodin da suka shafi amincin ma'aikaci. "Guidelines for zoo and aquarium veterinary medical programs and veterinary hospitals", "American Association of Zoo Veterinarians," 1998

Gidan namun daji da kansa da hukumar su ne ke da alhakin kirkirar nasu tsare-tsare da tsare-tsare na tsaro. Dole ne manufofin su kasance cikin manyan ka'idodin tarayya. Sannan Zoos suna daukar jami'an tsaro da ke da alhakin habakawa, aiwatarwa, da kimanta manufofin aminci da horo. "Occupational Health and Safety Programs: In Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Final Report (chapter 6)", "National Research Council," 2005

Masu kula da gidan namun daji ne ke kula da tsaftacewa, ciyarwa, da kula da dabbobi. Wadannan ayyukan suna gabatar da matakin hadari. Kayan kariya na sirri (PPE) yana da mahimmanci a cikin wadannan ayyuka. Misalai na PPE da ma'aikatan gidan zoo ke amfani da su sune abin rufe fuska, safar hannu, takalma, tabarau, da na'urorin sadarwa. Dabaru da kayan aiki na musamman kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga amincin ma'aikatan gidan zoo. Gyaran kofofin zamiya da kofofin guillotine suna taimakawa wajen ciyar da dabbobi manya ko masu haɗari. Juyawa, Kuma wata dabarar da aka saba amfani da ita don ciyarwa da tsaftace wurin, tana buƙatar jagorantar dabbar zuwa wani yanki mai tsaro na mazauninsu.  Wannan dabarar tana kare ma'aikaci tare da hana rushewar tsarin tsaftacewa. Lokacin da ake buƙatar jigilar kaya ko kula da dabbobi, kayan kamawa na asali da kamewa sun bambanta da dabba. Kuma Kayayyakin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da safar hannu, raga, busa darts, bindigogi/darts, da akwatuna ko keji. 

Akwai wasu hadarin kiwon lafiya ga cututtuka masu alaka da numfashi da cututtuka irin su asma da rashin lafiyan jiki . Har ila yau, ga wadanda ke aiki tare da wasu nau'in yi-ga daba-ya-fata) ke yin aiki da su, da za su iya haifar da guba.

Yawancin bincike kan wadannan batutuwa an fitar da su ne daga nazarin kan ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje, duk da haka akwai takamaiman takamaiman binciken ma'aikatan gidan zoo. Yawancin karatu sun kasance a cikin nau'ikan tambayoyi na son rai. Kuma Yin amfani da kayan aikin ciki har da gwajin fata, gwajin rashin lafiyar fata, an gano ma'aikatan gidan zoo suna da allergies ko a'a. Krakowiak, A, Palczyñski, C, Walusiak, J, Wittezak, T, Ruta, U, Dudek, W, & Szule, B,"Allergy to Animal Fur and Feathers among Zoo Workers" 2009 A cikin waɗannan karatun, masu binciken sunyi la'akari da sauye-sauye masu rikitarwa kamar kasancewar dabbobi a gida. Sun kuma lissafta tsawon lokacin aiki tare da dabbobi. Wannan binciken ya ƙaddara gagarumin rashin lafiyan halayen ga ma'aikatan da ke aiki tare da parrots. Swiderska-Kielbik, S, Krakowiak, A, Wiszniewska, Dudek, W, Kowalczyk, M, Walusiak-Skorupa, J, Sliwkiewicz, K, & Palcynski, C,"Work-Related Respiratory Symptoms in Bird Zoo Keepers – Questionnaire Data" 2009

Wani hadari mai hadari ga ma'aikatan gidan zoo shine ga wadanda ke aiki da dabbobi masu guba. Vohra, R., Clark, R., & Shah, N, "A Pilot Study of Occupational Envenomations in North American Zoos and Aquaria" 2008 Wadannan dabbobin suna da cizo ko tsangwama da ke fallasa wanda abin ya shafa ga guba. Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin gidajen namun daji suna da ban mamaki kuma cibiyoyin sarrafa guba ba za su iya adana dafin da ya dace ba a hannun jari. Idan babu maganin dafin, Kuma  ana iya bukatar asibiti na gaggawa ko fasciotomy .

Sauran raunin da ya faru na yau da kullun sun hada da raunin allura, fallasa radiation daga radiyon x-ray da raunin da ya shafi dabba kamar cizo da harbi. Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin bayyanar sinadarai saboda magungunan kashe qwari, formaldehyde, magungunan kashe qwari, da magungunan kashe qwari. Hill, D, Langley, R,& Morrow, M,"Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Reported by Zoo Veterinarians in the United States"December 2008 

Yawancin wadannan hadari za a iya rage su ta amfani da kayan kariya na sirri. Ilimi kan hanyoyin kula da dabbobi masu kyau yana da mahimmanci, kuma gami da sarrafa sinadarai da goge sharar gida yadda ya kamata.

Cututtukan Zoonotic, in ba haka ba da aka sani da zoonosis, cututtuka ne da za a iya canjawa wuri daga dabbobi zuwa mutane da kuma akasin haka. Ana iya yada su ta cikin iska, ta hanyar cututtukan dabbobi na gama- gari (kamar dabbobi), ko kuma ta hanyar Hulda kai tsaye. Kuma A cikin gidajen namun daji, rukunin da ya fi kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar zoonotic shine ma'aikatan gidan namun daji kamar likitocin dabbobi da masu kula da namun daji wadanda ke da hulda kai tsaye da dabbobin. Mafi sanannun cututtukan zoonotic sune:

 West Nile
 Cutar mura
 Salmonella
 Escherichia coli

Sauran cututtukan da ba a san su ba waɗanda za a iya yaɗa su tsakanin mutane da dabbobi su ne:

 Cutar tarin fuka
 Kwayar cuta ta Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) galibi ana samun su azaman retroviruses a cikin dabbobi.

Zane da tsarin kowane nuni yana iyakance bayyanar cututtuka na zoonotic ga baki da ma'aikata ta hanyar iyakance fallasa da huldar kai tsaye ga dabbobi. Sannan Kuma Yin amfani da kayan kariya na sirri yadda ya kamata, bincika dabbobi akai-akai da kuma ba da rahoton sabbin cututtuka da barkewar cutar ga hukumomin da suka dace (misali. Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jiha), da kuma ba da ɗimbin ilimi da horo kan yadda za a iya yadda ya kamata da kula da dabbobi duk mahimman abubuwan da ke iyakance yaduwar cutar zoonotic. National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, INC, "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2011" "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention," May 6, 2011

 Amintaccen bako 
Kirar shinge mai kyau ita ce hanya mafi kyau don kare ma'aikatan gidan zoo daga bayyanar dabbobi. Sannan Baya ga tabbatar da jindadin dabbobi, an tsara nune-nune don nutsar da mai kallo a cikin wani wurin zama na musamman yayin kiyaye shinge tsakanin baki da dabbobi. Hutchins, M & Smith B,"Characteristics of a world class zoo or aquarium in the 21st century" "International Zoo Yearbook," 2003 Dole ne makallan su kasance suna nuna takamaiman halaye na jinsuna, kamar ikon tashi, tsalle, hawa, iyo ko tona. 

Ana gina busassun busassun ramuka ta hanyar tono rami mai zurfi a kusa da wani sashe ko gaba dayan nunin da ke da fadin da zai hana dabba yin tsalle.  Ana amfani da alamu da dogo don hana baki hawa cikin baje kolin ko fado cikin tudu.

Ruwan daskarewa yana kama da busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun ruwa kuma galibi ana gina su don kama da jikunan ruwa da ke faruwa a zahiri kamar kogi. Duk da haka, sai dai idan ba a zagaya ruwa da tacewa ba, Kuma daskararru na iya zama al'ada ga sauro da sauran cututtuka masu yaduwa. Pan Z, Yan, Z & Tang, X, "Study of the breeding state of the natural mosquito population in guangzhou"  "Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control," 2003

Gilashin shinge suna hana allergens da cututtukan zoonotic wucewa tsakanin baƙo da dabba saboda suna hana iskar iska kuma suna ba da shinge na zahiri ga abubuwan da ke ketare ko daga cikin nunin. Koyaya, gilashin yana bukatar tsaftacewa a bangarorin biyu na nunin kuma yana iya fallasa ma'aikata ga cututtuka ko hadari na jiki sai dai idan an dauki karin matakan tsaro.

An fi tsara shingen shinge don kada matsi da dabbar ta sanya musu kada ya lalata mutuncin shingen. Madaidaicin nau'in shingen da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da nau'in da aka ajiye a cikin baje kolin. "Apron shinge" ko shingen da ya shimfida a karkashin kasa ana amfani da shi don rufe nau'in da za su iya tono. Kuma Ana amfani da "zurgin sama-sama", ko shingen da ke lankwasa zuwa cikin nunin a saman don haɗa nau'ikan da za su iya tsalle ko hawa. Wani sabon motsi a cikin kirar shinge shine canza shingen aminci tare da fasalin halitta kamar ivy, ko a fentin su baki don su bayyana ganuwa idan an duba su daga nesa. 

Hatsarin Jiki ga Baki a Gidan Gidan Zoo: Alamar aminci ita ce ke da alhakin kawar da halayen da ba su da aminci kamar tsayawa kan shinge da guje wa hadari masu hadari   Bugu da Kari, kasancewar ma'aikatan tsaron gidan zoo, sabis na baƙi da masu kula da namun daji na iya taimakawa wajen iyakance yiwuwar yiwuwar. m yanayi ga baƙi.

 Dokokin tarayya 
Dokar Jin Dadin Dabbobi (AWA), wacce aka sanya hannu kan doka a ranar 24 ga Agusta,  shekarata 1966, ita ce kawai dokar tarayya wacce ke tsara yadda ake kula da dabbobi a cikin bincike, jigilar kayayyaki da dillalai. An yi wa dokar kwaskwarima sau bakwai tun (1970, 1976, 1985, 1990, 2002, 2007, 2008) amma gyare-gyaren baya-bayan nan sun mayar da hankali kan hakkin dabbobi dangane da al'amura kamar dabbobin gona da fadan dabbobi.

Ba wai kawai yana daidaita jin dadin dabbobi ba amma yana sa ido kan yadda za a iya baje kolin dabbobi a cikin gidajen namun daji da kuma kula da su. Sannan Kodayake yana ba da kariya ga duk dabbobin da suka cika sharuddan da aka ayyana a cikin doka, ikonsa yana iyakance a cikin adadin dabbobin da aka rufe.

AWA tana ba da mafi karancin ma'aunin kulawa don kula da dabbobi. Har ila yau, yana ba da iko ga Sakataren Noma don aiwatar da dokoki da ka'idoji da aka tsara a cikin doka. Hakazalika, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) da Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi (APHIS) ana cajin su da aiwatar da batutuwan da suka dace don ka'idodin kulawa. Hukumar ta APHIS tana gudanar da bincike duk shekara a gidajen namun daji da sauran wurare don sa ido da kuma bayar da rahoton duk wata matsala da ta taso, kuma tare da binciken korafe-korafen da aka samu daga wurare guda daya.

Duk da kasancewar dokar kasa da ke kula da kula da dabbobi, sau da yawa yakan hau kan jihohi su aiwatar da wasu tsare-tsare na namun daji don ba da cikakkiyar kulawa ga dabbobin da ke cikin wuraren aikinsu. AWA tana da Yan iyakoki; alal misali, dabbobi masu dumi ne kawai aka rufe ta ma'anar da aka tsara a cikin ka'idar. Bugu da kari, APHIS yana samun cikas ta rashin wadatattun kayan aiki don binciken da'awar; suna da masu dubawa 104 ne kawai don sanya ido kan wurare sama da 2,000 a duk fadin kasar. Har ila yau, AWA ba ta da tanadin kwat da wando na ɗan ƙasa, wanda zai ba da damar ɗan ƙasar da abin ya shafa ya kai ƙara a madadin dabbar da aka zalunta. Grech, K. "Overview of Laws Affecting Zoos""Animal Legal & Historic Center," 2004

 Manyan hatsarori 

 (Yuni 26 shekarata, 2012 - Gidan Zoo na Los Angeles, California) Wani balagagge namiji ne ya kashe wani jaririn chimpanzee a gaban masu ziyara. "Deadly Chimp Attack Frightens Zoo Visitors" "CBS Local News," 2012
 (Yuni 21, 2012 - Lake Superior Zoo, Minnesota) Babban ruwan sama ya haifar da ambaliya da ke kusa da shi, wanda ya kai ga ambaliya da yawa, tserewar dabbobi da nutsewa da asarar dukiya. "Flooding causes animal deaths at Lake Superior Zoo" "Greenbay Press Gazette," 2012
 (Maris, shekarar 2010 - Lincoln Park Zoo, Wisconsin) Wata mace ta yi watsi da shinge da alamun gargadi kuma ta yi kokarin ciyar da beyar biyu. Daya daga cikin berayen ta cije babban yatsanta da yatsa sannan ta yanke wani bangare na tsakiya da na zobe. 
 (Oktoba, 2009 - Calgary Zoo, Kanada) Maza biyu masu maye sun shiga cikin gidan Zoo na Calgary a cikin dare. Suka haura kan wani shingen tsaro suka shiga cikin kejin damisa. Wani damisar Siberiya ya yi wa daya daga cikin mutanen wuta tare da yi masa mummunar rauni.
 (Fabrairu, 2007 – Denver Zoo, Colorado) Wani dan jaguar ya kai hari ya kashe wani ma'aikacin gidan namun dajin da ya shiga cikin magaryar dabbar saboda wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba. "Denver Zoo May Never Know Why Worker Was Attacked"  "The Denver Channel," 2007
 (Disamba 25, shekarata 2007 – Gidan Zoo na San Francisco) Wani damisar Siberian, mai suna Tatiana, mai tarihin tashin hankali, ya tsere daga alkalaminsa ya kashe maziyartan gidan zoo tare da raunata wasu biyu. Shaidu sun bayyana cewa maziyartan suna yi wa dabbar ba'a kuma mai yiwuwa ma sun taimaka wajen tserewa. "Tiger Attacks Visitors at US Zoo" "BBC News," 2007

 Manazarta 

Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba