Haƙƙin Mazauni/wurin zama

thumb
Haƙƙin wurin zama ƴancin mutum ne a kula da shige da fice a wata ƙasa,  wato yanada kyau ya kasance ko kuma haƙƙin mutum ne a kula masa da wurin zama, kuma indai har an bashi wurin zama ba za'a kore shi ba kai tsaye sai da wani dalili mai ƙarfi.Mutumin ya samu dama/haƙƙin zama ɗan wata ƙasa ba ya bukatar izini daga gwamnati ya shiga kasar kuma zai iya zama ya yi aiki a can ba tare da takurawa ba, kuma gwamnati baza ta kore shi ba (sai dai idan an kwace masa haƙƙin zama a ƙasar).
Gabaɗaya, don samun ƴancin zama a wata ƙasa, dole ne mutum ya zama ɗan ƙasar. Wato kafin mutum ya sami damar zama a kowace kasa to doka ce sai ya zama yanada izinin zama a ƙasar ta hanya samun zama ɗan ƙasa (Citizen). Duk da haka, wasu ƙasashe suna ba da damar zama ga waɗanda ba ƴan ƙasa ba. Sai dai dai sun bi wasu ƙa'idoji kafin su samu wannan damar. Wannan shi ne daban-daban da abinda ake kira haƙƙin zuwa ƙasa, haƙƙin ya rayuwa ko haƙƙin zama, misali tare da  zama ɗan ƙasar gaba ɗaya. Mutane suna da wani haƙƙin mallaka na zama, amma ana iya soke shi a wasu lokuta saboda wani dalili (ba kamar ɗan ƙasa ba wanda zai iya). Ana soke shi ne kawai a cikin ƙayyadadden yanayi kamar zamba ko ɗan ƙasa yaci amanar ƙasar shi a ɓangaren tsaron ƙasa), misali ta hanyar aikata wani  babban laifi, ko a wasu ƙasashe, ko kuma ya kasance mutum ya daɗe baya a cikin ƙasar kuma bai ziyarce ta ba, haka kuma a yawancin lokuta, irin waɗannan mutanen ba su da ƴanci daga ikon shige da fice a cikin ƙasa ballantana su sami wajen zama.

 EU, EEA, da Yarjejeniyar Schengen 

Jama'an ko kuma ƴan ƙasashen da suke a ƙarƙashin  Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Turai (Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai da Iceland, Liechtenstein, da Norway ) da Switzerland sunada cikakken ƴancin tafiya zuwa, zama a ciki, da aiki a kowace ƙasa da take a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar ba tare da buƙatar izinin aiki ko biza ba, koda yake wannan na iya gamuwa da wani cikas saboda abubuwan wucin gadi. haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa na sababbin ƙasashe don yin aiki a wasu ƙasashe.An ayyana wannan a cikin Dokar shekara ta 2004/38/EC akan haƙƙin ƙaura da zama cikin walwala.

Koyaya, haƙƙin zama a wata EU/EEA ba cikakke ba ne.Don zama a wata jaha ta EU/EEA, dole ne mutum ya kasance yana aiki, neman aiki, ɗalibi, ko kuma yana da isassun  kuɗi  wanda zaiyi biya duk wata haya ko tara ko wani abu daban. da inshorar lafiya don tabbatar da cewa basu zama nauyi akan ayyukan zamantakewa na ƙasar da ke karbar bakuncin ba.Hakanan ƙasashe awannan ƙungiyar ƙasashen na iya buƙatar 'yan ƙasa na wasu Ƙasashen EU/EEA su yi rajistar kasancewarsu tare da hukumomi bayan wani ɗan lokaci. Jihohin EU/EEA na iya korar ƴan ƙasa na wasu jahohin EU/EEA tare da ba da umarnin keɓewa a kansu bisa dalilai na jama'a, tsaron jama'a, ko lafiyar jama'a.Alal misali, ana iya fitar da waɗanda suka yi manyan laifuffuka ko kuma suka dogara ga jin daɗi.Koma dai ta yaya, waɗanda aka yi wa irin waɗannan umarnin keɓance dole ne su iya ɗaukaka ƙararsu bayan iyakar tsawon shekaru uku, kamar yadda dokokin EU suka tanada.Babu wani yanayi da ƙasar EU/EEA za ta iya ware ɗan wata ƙasa na wata EU/EEA har tsawon rayuwa.
Duk wani ko wata ɗan/ƴar ƙasar  EU/EEA wanda ya cika shekaru biyar na zama tare da bin doka ba tare da ya bar ƙasar ya kuma dawowa ba a wata ƙasa ta EU/EEA ya cancanci zama na dindindin, bayan haka kasancewarsu ba a ƙara yin wani sharaɗi ba, kuma suna iya neman fa'idojiin da za su samu a baya. ya zama dalilin cirewa, kamar jindadi.Za a iya soke zama na dindindin bayan shekara biyu baya a cikin ƙasar.

 Yarjejeniyar Schengen 
Kusan duk ƙasashen EU/EEA suna cikin yankin Schengen ; gungun kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Schengen, wadda ta soke kula da kan iyakokin kasashen da ke shiga, ko da yake ya ba da damar kafa iyakokin na wani dan lokaci a cikin yanayi na musamman.Kasashen EEA da Switzerland sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Schengen.Da yawa daga cikin sabbin ƙasashen mambobin ba su cika aiwatar da shi ba.
Koyaya, ƴan ƙasashen Turai suna buƙatar kowa ya ɗauki katin shaida ko fasfo kuma ana buƙatar shaidar ɗan ƙasa don zama a kowace ƙasar da take memba.Don haka, yayin da Yarjejeniyar Schengen ta sauƙaƙe zirga-zirgar mutane a kan iyakokin, ba ta da wani babban bambanci ga haƙƙin zama a cikin wata mamba ƙasar ba.