Ifẹ

Ifẹ̀ (Yoruba, ko kuma Ilé-Ifẹ̀) tsohon birni ne na Yarbawa da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Birnin na karkashin jihar Osun ta yau. Ife na da nisan kilomita 218 daga arewa maso gabas da Legas "World: Africa Arrests after Nigerian cult killings".  yana da yawan jama'a 509,813, mafi girma a jihar Osun bisa ga ƙidayar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2006.
Bisa al'adar addinin Yarbawa, An kafa 1000 - 800 BC Ilé Ifè bisa ga umarnin abin bauta Olodum are na Obatala. Sai ta fada hannun dan uwansa Oduduwa, wanda ya haifar da gaba a tsakanin su biyun.Bascom, Yoruba, p. 10; Stride, Ifeka: "Peoples and Empires", p. 290. A can ne Oduduwa ya kafa daular, kuma ‘ya’ya maza da mata na wannan sarki sun zama sarakunan wasu masarautu da dama a kasar Yarbawa.Akinjogbin, I. A. (Hg.): The Cradle of a Race: Ife from the Beginning to 1980, Lagos 1992 (The book also has chapters on the present religious situation in the town). Oòni na farko na Ife ɗan Oduduwa ne, wanda shine Orisha na 401. Mai mulki a yanzu tun 2015 shine Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi Ojaja II, Ooni na Ife wanda kuma akawun Najeriya ne.Olupona, 201 Gods, 94. Birnin na Ife, wanda ake wa lakabi da birnin na gumaka 401, yana da yawan masu bautar wadannan gumakan kuma a nan ne ake gudanar da su ta hanyar bukukuwa.

Birnin Ilé-Ifè ya shahara a duniya saboda kasancewar karfen tagulla, na dutse da terracotta a birnin, tun daga 1200 zuwa 1400 AD 

 Tarihi 

 Asalin tatsuniyoyi na Ife: Halittar duniya 
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Yoruba-bronze-head.jpg/170px-Yoruba-bronze-head.jpg|left|thumb| Yarbawan Copper Mask don Sarki Obalufon, Ife, Nigeria c. 1300 CE
A cewar addinin Yarbawa, Olodumare, Ubangiji Maɗaukakin Sarki, ya umarci Obatala ya halicci ƙasa, amma a kan hanyarsa ya sami ruwan inabi na dabino wanda ya sha kuma ya zama maye. Don haka sai kanin na karshen, Oduduwa, ya dauko abubuwa guda uku na halitta daga gare shi, ya sauko daga sama a kan sarka, ya jefi dan kasa kadan a kan babban tekun farko, sannan ya dora zakara don ya watse. kasa, ta haka ne aka samar da kasar da za a gina Ile Ife a kanta. Bascom, Yoruba, p. 10; Stride, Ifeka: "Peoples and Empires", p. 290. Oduduwa ya dasa dabino a cikin wani rami a sabuwar kasar da aka kafa, daga nan kuma ya fito da wata babbar bishiya mai rassa goma sha shida, alama ce ta dangin daular Ife ta farko. Wannan cin zarafi da Oduduwa ya yi ne ya haifar da rigimar da ba ta dawwama a tsakaninsa da babban yayansa Obatala, wanda har yanzu kungiyoyin asiri na kabilun biyu suka sake kafawa a lokacin bikin sabuwar shekara ta Itapa. Olupona, 201 Gods, 144-173; Lange, Ancient Kingdoms, 347–366; idem., "Preservation", 130-1. A dalilin halittarsa duniya, Oduduwa ya zama kakan sarki Allah na farko na Yarbawa, yayin da Obatala ake ganin ya halicci Yarabawa na farko daga yumbu. Ma'anar kalmar " ife " a harshen Yarbanci ita ce "fadadawa"; Don haka “Ile-Ife” ana nuni ne da tatsuniyar asali da ake kira “Ƙasar Fadadawa” (lamar, Ile, kamar yadda ake furtawa a harshen Yarbawa na zamani, tana nufin gida ko gida, wanda zai iya sanya sunan garin yana nufin “The Land of Expansion). Gidan Fadada").

 Asalin jihohin yanki: Watsewa daga birni mai tsarki 
Oduduwa ya haifi ‘ya’ya maza da mata da jikoki, wadanda suka ci gaba da kafa masarautu da dauloli, wato Ila Orangun, Owu, Ketu, Sabe, Egba, Popo da Oyo. Oranmiyan, haifaffen Oduduwa na karshe, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan ministocin mahaifinsa kuma mai kula da daular Edo wadda ta fara haihuwa bayan Oduduwa ya amince da rokon mutanen Edo kan mulkinsa. Lokacin da Oranmiyan ya yanke shawarar komawa Ile Ife, bayan ya yi hidima da gudun hijira a Benin, ya bar wani yaro mai suna Eweka wanda yake da shi tare da wata gimbiya ’yar asalin Benin. Yaron ya ci gaba da zama na farko halastaccen sarki kuma Oba na daular Edo ta biyu wanda ya mulki kasar Benin a yanzu tun daga wannan rana har zuwa yau. Daga baya Oranmiyan ya ci gaba da samun daular Oyo wadda ta yi tsayin daka tun daga yammacin gabar kogin Nijar zuwa gabar gabashin kogin Volta. Za ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi karfi na kasashen Afirka na tsakiyar zamanai, kafin rugujewarta a karni na 19. Akinjogbin, I. A. (Hg.): The Cradle of a Race: Ife from the Beginning to 1980, Lagos 1992 (The book also has chapters on the present religious situation in the town).

 Saitin al'ada 


 Sarkin (Ooni na Ile-Ife) 
Oòni (ko sarkin) na Ife sun fito ne daga tsatsonOduduwa, kuma ana lissafta farko a cikin sarakunan Yarbawa. A al'adance an dauke shi ruhu na 401 ( Orisha ), wanda kawai yake magana. Hasali ma, daular Ife ta samo asali ne tun lokacin da aka kafa birnin fiye da shekaru dubu goma kafin haihuwar Yesu Almasihu. Sarkin yanzu shine Oba Enitan Adeyeye Ogunwusi (Ojaja II). Ooni ya hau karagar mulki a shekarar 2015. Bayan kafa kungiyar Yarbawa Orisha Congress a 1986, Ooni ya samu matsayi na duniya wanda masu rike da mukamansa ba su samu ba tun lokacin da Birtaniyya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka. A k'asa, ya kasance sananne a cikin jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya ta gidan sarautar Obas, ana yi masa kallon babban limami kuma mai kula da birni mai tsarki na dukan Yarbawa.Olupona, 201 Gods, 94. A da, fadar Ooni na Ife wani gini ne da aka gina shi da ingantattun bulo-bulo, wanda aka yi masa ado da fale-falen fale-falen fasaha da kowane irin kayan ado. Cheikh Anta Diop's Precolonial Black Africa, pg. 203 A halin yanzu, shi ne mafi zamani jerin gine-gine. Ooni na yanzu, Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi Ojaja II, Ooni na Ife, (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1974) ma'aikacin akawun Najeriya ne kuma Ooni na 51 na Ife. Ya gaji marigayi Oba Okunade Sijuwade (Oluuse II) wanda shine na 50 a Ife, wanda ya rasu a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2015.

 Cults ga ruhohi 
Ife sananniyarbirni ce da sunan birnin gumaka 401 (wanda aka fi sani da irumole ko orishas). An ce a kowace rana masu bautar gargajiya na gudanar da bikin daya daga cikin wadannan alloli. Sau da yawa bukukuwan sun wuce fiye da kwana ɗaya kuma suna haɗa da ayyukan firistoci a cikin fada da wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a sauran masarautar. A tarihi Sarki ya bayyana a bainar jama'a ne kawai a lokacin bikin Olojo na shekara (bikin sabuwar alfijir); wasu muhimman bukukuwa a nan sun hada da bikin Itapa na Obatala da Obameri, da bikin Edi na Moremi Ajasoro, da kuma masu yin Masallatan Igare . Walsh, "Edi festival", 231-8; Bascom, "Olojo", 64-72; Lange, Ancient Kingdoms, 358-366; Olupona, 201 Gods.

 Manazarta 
Category:Biranen Najeriya