Jamhuriyyar tarraya

Jamhuriyar tarayya  tarayya ce ta jihohi mai tsarin gwamnatin jamhuriya.  A tsakiyarta, ainihin ma’anar kalmar jamhuriya idan aka yi amfani da ita wajen yin nuni ga wani tsari na gwamnati, na nufin: “Ƙasar da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai da zaɓaɓɓen shugaba ne ke mulkarta (kamar shugaban ƙasa) maimakon wani sarki ko sarauniya”.

A jamhuriya ta tarayya, ana samun rabon madafun iko tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin kowane yanki. Yayin da kowace jamhuriya ta tarayya ke tafiyar da wannan rabon muƙamai ta hanyoyi daban-daban, al’amuran gama-gari da suka shafi tsaro da kariya, da kuma tsarin kuɗi ana gudanar da su ne a matakin tarayya, yayin da al’amura kamar su kula da infrastructure da policies na ilimi galibi ana gudanar da su ne a matakin yanki ko na ƙananan hukumomi. Duk da haka, ra’ayoyi sun banbanta kan batutuwan da ya kamata su zama na tarayya, kuma sassan yanki yawanci suna da iko a wasu al’amuran da gwamnatin tarayya ba ta da hurumi. Ta haka ne  ake fitar da maa'anar jamhuriya ta tarayya ta  saɓanin jumhuriya guda, inda gwamnatin tsakiya ke da cikakken ikon mallakar kowane fanni na rayuwar siyasa. Wannan tsarin da ya fi karkata ya taimaka wajen bayyana ra'ayin kasashe masu yawan al'umma suyi aiki a matsayin jumhuriyar tarayya. Forum of Federations:, Schram, Sanford. Handbook of Federal Countries: United States, pg 373–391, 2005. Yawancin jumhuriyar tarayya sun tsara rarrabuwar madafun iko tsakanin umarnin gwamnati a cikin rubutaccen takardar tsarin mulki .

Bambance-bambancen siyasa tsakanin jamhuriyar tarayya da sauran jihohin tarayya, musamman masarautun tarayya ƙarƙashin parliamentary system na gwamnati, mafi akasari lamari ne da ya shafi tsarin doka maimakon siyasa, domin galibin jihohin tarayya na tsarin dimokuraɗiyya ne idan ba a aikace ba tare checks and balances . Duk da haka kuma wasu tarayyar masarautu, irin su Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa sun dogara ne akan wasu ƙa'idoji da ba na dimokuraɗiyya ba.

 Na zamani 
CountryOfficial name and styleAdministrative divisionsForm of governmentHead of stateArgentine RepublicProvinces (23) and  autonomous city (1)Presidential systemAlberto FernándezRepublic of AustriaStates (9)Parliamentary republicAlexander Van der BellenBosnia and HerzegovinaEntities (2) and self-governing district (1)Parliamentary republicChristian SchmidtMilorad DodikŠefik DžaferovićŽeljko KomšićFederative Republic of BrazilStates (26) and federal district (1)Presidential systemJair BolsonaroUnion of the ComorosAutonomous islands (3)Presidential systemAzali AssoumaniFederal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaRegions (10) and chartered cities (2)Parliamentary republicSahle-Work ZewdeFederal Republic of GermanyStates (16)Parliamentary republicFrank-Walter SteinmeierRepublic of IndiaStates (28) and union territories (8)Parliamentary republicRam Nath KovindRepublic of IraqGovernorates (19)Parliamentary republicBarham SalihUnited Mexican StatesStates (31) and autonomous entity (1)Presidential systemAndrés Manuel López ObradorFederated States of MicronesiaStates (4)Presidential systemDavid W. PanueloFederal Democratic Republic of NepalProvinces (7)Parliamentary republicBidhya Devi BhandariFederal Republic of NigeriaStates (36) and federal territory (1)Presidential systemMuhammadu BuhariIslamic Republic of PakistanProvinces (4), autonomous territories (2) and federal territory (1)Parliamentary republicArif AlviRussian FederationFederal subjects (85)Semi-presidential systemVladimir PutinFederal Republic of SomaliaFederal member states (5)Parliamentary republicMohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (acting)Republic of South SudanStates (10), administrative areas (2) and area with special administrative status (1)Presidential systemSalva Kiir MayarditRepublic of the SudanStates (18)Provisional governmentAbdel Fattah al-BurhanSwiss ConfederationCantons (26)Parliamentary republicGuy ParmelinIgnazio CassisUeli MaurerSimonetta SommarugaAlain BersetKarin Keller-SutterViola AmherdUnited States of AmericaStates (50), federal district (1) and territories (14), nine of which are uninhabited.Presidential systemJoe BidenBolivarian Republic of VenezuelaStates (23) and capital district (1)Presidential systemNicolás Maduro

 Na tarihi 
Ƙasa Sunan hukuma da salo Zaman tsarin gwamnatin tarayya sassan gudanarwa Jamhuriyar Bakwai United Netherlands 1581-1795 Larduna Valais Jamhuriyar Zakkar Bakwai 1613-1798 Jamhuriyar Colombia 1819-1831 Tarayyar Amurka ta tsakiya Tarayyar Amurka ta tsakiya 1823-1838 Granadine Confederation Granadine Confederation 1858-1863 Amurka ta Colombia Amurka ta Colombia 1863-1886 Jihohi Jamhuriyar China Jamhuriyar China 1912-1928 Larduna Jamhuriyar tsaunuka na Arewacin Caucasus Jamhuriyar tsaunuka na Arewacin Caucasus 1917-1922 Jamhuriya Jamus Reich 1919-1933 Jihohi Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus 1949-1952 Jihohi  Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar 1922-1991 Jamhuriya  Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Tarayyar Yugoslavia (1945-1963)</br> Jamhuriyyar gurguzu ta Yugoslavia (1963-1992) 1945-1992 Jamhuriya Tarayyar Yugoslavia 1992-2003 Jamhuriyoyin da suka kunshi Tarayyar Burma 1948-1962 Jihohi Jamhuriyar Amurka ta Indonesiya 1949-1950  Jihohi Jamhuriyar Kamaru 1961-1972  Jamhuriyar Czech (1948-1960)</br> Jamhuriyar Socialist Czechoslovak (1960-1990) 1969-1990 Jamhuriya Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovak Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovak 1990-1992 Jamhuriyar 1990) 1969-1990 Jamhuriya Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae 1569-1795 Larduna da Voivodeships

 Kuma duba 

 Tsarin gwamnati
 Jerin jumhuriyoyi
 Masarautar Tarayya

Manazarta

Category:Jamriya
Category:Tarayya
Category:Jamhuriyar tarayya