Al'adun Ghana

Ghana ƙasa ce mai mutane miliyan 28.21 da ƙungiyoyin asali da yawa, kamar:Kwame Arhin: "The Political Systems of Ghana. Background to transformations in traditional authority in the colonial and post-colonial periods." Historical Society of Ghana, 2002. 

 Akans a tsakiya da Kudancin kasar
 Ga da Adangbe da ke kewaye da Gabashin Accra
 Mutanen Guan a cikin dajin ruwan sama
 Dagombas, Mamprusi da sauran al'ummar Arewa
 Harsunan Gurunsi da ke magana da al'ummomin yankin Arewa mai nisa
 Gonjas dake yankin Arewa

Turanci shine harshen hukuma, amma Twi na asali na Ashantis, yaren Fante, Frafra, Dangme, Ga, Dagbani, Mampruli, Gonja da Ewe suma suna da matsayi na hukuma kuma ana koyar da su a makarantu a matsayin yarukan ƴan asalin (na gida) a yankuna daban-daban. inda suka fi yawa.

 Mutanen 

 Akans 
Mutanen Akan suna zaune a Akanland, kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan al'ummomin mata a yammacin Afirka. Tsarin matrilineal na Akan ya ci gaba da kasancewa da mahimmancin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Kowace zuriya ta mallaki ƙasar da membobinta suke noma, tana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar addini don girmama kakanni, suna kula da auratayya, da sasanta rikicin cikin gida a tsakanin membobinta.

Sarakunan Akan, waɗanda a da suka yi suna don ƙawa da dukiyarsu, sun ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin masu daraja bayan mulkin mallaka. Bikin sarakunan Akan yana rayuwa a cikin al'adar Golden Stool. Ana lura da Akan don gwanintarsu a nau'ikan sana'a da yawa, musamman saƙa, sassaƙan itace, yumbu, ƴan tsana na haihuwa, ƙarfe da kente). Tufafin kente na al'ada ana saƙa a waje, na musamman na maza, a cikin rikitattun alamu na haske, kunkuntar tsiri. Kera sana'o'in Akan da yawa an iyakance ga ƙwararrun maza. Yin tukwane ita kaɗai ce sana'a wacce ta farko aikin mata ne; Maza yawanci ke yin tukwane ko bututu masu nuna siffofi na anthropomorphic ko zoomorphic.

Ƙungiyoyin Akan daban-daban suna magana da yare daban-daban na harshen Akan, harshe mai yawan karin magana, kuma amfani da karin magana alama ce ta hikima. Har ila yau, furucin ya zama ruwan dare, musamman game da abubuwan da suka shafi mutuwa.

'Yan Akan da ke bakin teku su ne na farko da suka fara hulda da Turawa a lokacin "Scramble for Africa". Sakamakon wannan doguwar haɗin gwiwa, waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun rungumi al'adun Biritaniya da harshe. Misali, ya zama al'ada a tsakanin waɗannan mutane yin amfani da sunayen sunayen Birtaniyya. Akans na bakin teku suna zama mafi yawa a Yankin Tsakiya da Yankin Yammacin Akanland.

 Ga-Adangbe 
Mutanen Ga-Adangbe ko kuma kawai Ga mutanen (mai suna ga yaren kakanni na gama-gari na Ga-Adangbe) suna zaune a yankin Greater Accra. Ga-Adangde suna da yaruka daban-daban amma gama-gari, Ga, Krobo, Sh3, Osudoko, Shai, Gbugblaa, da Ada, Ningo in ambaci kaɗan. Kabilar Adangbe suna zaune a filin gabas, yayin da kungiyoyin Ga suka mamaye yammacin gabar tekun Accra. Dukansu harsunan sun samo asali ne daga tushen harshe na gama-gari, kuma harsunan Ga da Adangbe na zamani suna kama da su a yau.

Duk da shaidar archaeological da ke nuna cewa masu magana da hotuna-Ga-Adangbe sun dogara da noman gero da dawa, Ga-Adangbe na zamani suna zaune ne a cikin al’ummomin da ake kamun kifi a da, kuma fiye da kashi 75 na Ga-Adangbe suna zaune ne a cikin birane. Kasancewar manyan cibiyoyi na masana'antu da kasuwanci da na gwamnati a cikin birni da garuruwa da kuma karuwar ƙaura da sauran jama'a ke yi a yankin, bai hana al'ummar Ga kiyaye al'adun gargajiyar su ba, duk da cewa Twi wata muhimmiyar ƙaura ce. harshe a kasashensu. A sakamakon haka, suna da ƙarfi

 Dagomba 
Dagomba suna magana da yaren Dagbani kuma suna zaune a cikin Masarautar Dagbon. Masarautar ita ce ta farko a Ghana. Tsawon shekaru aru-aru, yankin da al'ummar Dagomba ke zaune, ya kasance wurin da jama'a ke ci gaba da yin mamaya, da fadada kasuwanci, da kasuwancin arewa-maso-kudu da gabas-maso-yamma. Kalmomi da dama daga Larabci da Hausa da Dyula ana ganinsu a yaren Dagbani, saboda muhimmancin cinikayyar sahara da kasuwancin yammacin Afirka da kuma tasirin tarihi da addinin Musulunci ya yi a yankin.

 Ewé 

Mutanen Ewe sun mamaye kudu maso gabashin Ghana da wasu sassa na makwabciyarta Togo da Benin. Ewe na bin tsarin kakanni ne, ma'ana cewa wanda ya kafa al'umma ya zama sarki kuma dangin ubansa ne suka gaje shi. An tsara addinin Ewe a kusa da mahalicci ko allah, Mawu, da wasu alloli fiye da 600. Ewe sun fi karkata a al'ada ta fuskar addini da imani. Yawancin bukukuwa da bukukuwan ƙauye suna yin su don girmama gumaka ɗaya ko fiye.

Ewe Coastal ya dogara da cinikin kamun kifi, yayin da Ewe na cikin ƙasa galibi manoma ne kuma suna kiwon dabbobi. Bambance-bambancen gida na ayyukan tattalin arziki sun haifar da ƙwararrun sana'a. Har ila yau, Ewe yana saƙa zanen kente, sau da yawa a cikin sifofin geometric da ƙira na alama waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tun shekaru da yawa.

 Matsayi da matsayin mata 
Mata a al'umma kafin zamani ana ganin su a matsayin masu ɗaukar yara, masu sayar da kifi, da manoma. A al'adance, ana ganin iyawar mata ta haihu a matsayin hanyar da za a sake haifuwar kakanni na zuriya. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, auren mata fiye da daya yakan samu kwarin gwiwa, musamman ma masu hannu da shuni. A cikin al'ummar uba, ana kallon sadakin da ake samu daga aurar da 'ya'ya mata a al'adance a matsayin amincewa ga iyaye don tarbiyyar 'ya'yansu mata da kyau. A cikin ma'auratan da suka gabata na shekarun da suka gabata, matsayin jinsin mata ya sami ci gaba sosai. Matan Ghana a yanzu sun kai kashi 43.1% na masu aiki a Ghana. Mata sun hau kan manyan shugabannin siyasa, sana’a, kasuwanci, da sauran sassa. Fitattun mutane na siyasa sun haɗa da Joyce Bamford-Addo (Shugaban Zama na 5 na Majalisar), Georgina Theodora Wood (Babban Shari'a) da kuma masu rike da mukaman siyasa da yawa a baya da na yanzu.

 Bikin 
Mutanen Ashanti da sarakunan Ashanti ne suke gudanar da bikin Akwasidae (madaidaicin, Akwasiadae) da kuma al'ummar Ashanti. Ana yin bikin ne a ranar Lahadi, sau ɗaya a kowane mako shida. Panafest na murna da tushen, kuma Amurkawa-Amurka masu tushe daga yankin, sukan ziyarci kuma suna bikin al'adun su. Ana gudanar da bikin Doyan na Ashanti na kwanaki biyar daga ranar Talata, kamar yadda babban firist na yankin ya umarta. Yana nuna farkon girbin doya a lokacin kaka, bayan damina. Wannan biki yana da ma'ana ta addini da tattalin arziki. A addinance, ana amfani da bikin ne don gode wa alloli da kakanni saboda sabon girbi da kuma al'adar waje da sabon doya.

Al'ummar Dagbon da sauran kabilun kasar Ghana ne suka gudanar da bikin Damba. A yayin wannan biki, an sha baje kolin kayan shaye-shaye na Ghana da sauran rigunan gargajiya.

Har ila yau, ana gudanar da bikin Wuta ne a watan farko na kalandar Dagomba. Ana gudanar da wannan biki ne da daddare, kuma ya hada da jerin gwanon wuta da buge-buge da raye-rayen wakokin yaki.

A lokacin da aka fara girbin dawa na farko, mutanen garin Dagbon suna gudanar da bukin bayyana bukin dawa.

 Kiɗa 
Akwai nau'ikan kiɗan iri uku: kiɗan kabilanci ko na gargajiya,Music of Ghana waɗanda aka saba yin su a lokacin bukukuwa da kuma lokacin jana'iza; kiɗan "highlife", wanda ke haɗakar da kiɗan gargajiya da na 'shigo'; da kade-kade da wake-wake, wadanda ake yin su a dakunan wake-wake, coci-coci, makarantu, da kwalejoji.°

 Rawa 
Kowace kabila tana da nasu raye-rayen gargajiya, tare da takamaimai raye-raye na lokuta daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan raye-rayen na musamman ana yin su ne don jana'izar, bukukuwa, ba da labari, yabo da bauta. Akwai raye-raye daban-daban a kasar Ghana da yankuna goma a fadin kasar ke gudanar da su, galibi a lokutan bukukuwa da bukukuwa kamar jana'iza, bukukuwan aure da sauransu. These dances are performed to entertain and educate people.( e.g. The 'Gome' dance, as performed by the Gas of the Greater Accra region of Ghana during the Homowo festival  in August). Other dances in Ghana includes kpalongo performed by the Gas, Agbadza by the Ewes, Adowa by the Akans, Bambaya by the Northeners, Patsa by the Ga-Adangbes, and many others. There are many dances that have originated from Ghana and their ethnic groups.

 Kwastam 
Ana zuba jana'iza da liyafa. Ana aiwatar da lokacin Afirka. Ba a maganar jima'i a Ghana. Kasancewar Hannun Hagu yana jin haushi.

 Camfi 
Imani na sihiri yana da ƙarfi. Ikklisiyoyi na Ghana sun fito fili suna haɓaka ra'ayin cewa cututtuka da bala'i na iya haifar da ƙarfin allahntaka. Camfi yana da ƙarfi sosai matan da ake zargi da maita ana kora su zuwa sansanonin matsafa.

 Addini 

Ghana kasa ce mai yawan addini inda annabawan bishara suka shahara sosai. 

 Abinci 
Abincin yana da jita-jita na gargajiya iri-iri daga kowace kabila. Gabaɗaya, yawancin jita-jita sun ƙunshi ɓangaren sitaci, da miya ko miya, tare da kifi, katantanwa, nama ko namomin kaza.

 Wasanni 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stadium_tamale2.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Filin wasa na Tamale 
Ƙwallon ƙafar ƙungiyoyi shine wasanni mafi shahara a ƙasar. Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta maza ta kasa ana kiranta da Black Stars, tare da kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 da ake kira Black Satellites. Kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 ana kiranta da Black Starlets, yayin da kungiyar maza ta Olympics ake kiranta da Black Meteors. Sun halarci gasa da dama da suka hada da gasar cin kofin Afrika, da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma na FIFA U-20.

A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2009, Ghana ta zama kasa ta farko a Afirka da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta FIFA bayan ta doke Brazil da ci 4-3 a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. A ranar 13 ga watan Yunin 2010, Ghana ta doke Serbia da ci 1-0 a wasan zagaye na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010 ta zama tawaga ta farko a Afirka da ta taba lashe gasar cin kofin duniya da aka shirya a kasar Afirka, sannan ta zama tawaga daya tilo daga Afirka da ta tsallake zuwa rukunin. mataki zuwa buga fitar lokaci a taron 2010. A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2010 Ghana ta lallasa Amurka da ci 2 da 1 a wasan zagaye na 16 da suka yi, inda ta zama kasa ta uku a Afirka da ta kai matakin daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin duniya bayan Kamaru a 1990 da Senegal a 2002. Rashin nasara a hannun Uruguay Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2010 da bugun fanariti ya kawo karshen yunkurin Ghana na kaiwa wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar.

Yayin da wasan kwallon kafa na maza ya fi bibiyar wasanni a Ghana, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa na kara fitowa fili, inda ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA da kuma na CAF na mata. Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Ghana ana kiranta da Black Queens, yayin da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Ghana ake kira Black Princesses.

Akwai kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da dama a Ghana, wadanda ke buga gasar firimiya ta Ghana da kuma na rukuni na daya, wadanda hukumar kwallon kafar Ghana ke gudanarwa. Sanannu a cikin waɗannan akwai Accra Hearts of Oak SC da Asante Kotoko, waɗanda ke taka leda a matakin firimiya kuma su ne kan gaba a gasar.

Fitattun ‘yan wasan kwallon kafa da aka sansu a matakin kasa da kasa sun hada da Tony Yeboah, Michael Essien, Kevin-Prince Boateng, Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu, Abedi Pele, Asamoah Gyan, Anthony Annan, Quincy Owusu-Abeyie, John Pantsil, Samuel Osei Kuffour, Richard Kingson, Sulley Muntari, Laryea Kingston, Stephen Appiah, André Ayew, John Mensah da Dominic Adiyiah.

Ghana kuma ita ce mahaifar Wrestling Entertainment Kofi Kingston (an haife shi Kofi Sarkodie-Mensah), wanda ke kokawa akan alamar Smackdown. Haka kuma Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong wanda ya fafata a gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi na Vancouver. Haka kuma an samar da ’yan dambe masu inganci irin su Azumah Nelson ta zama zakaran duniya sau uku, Nana Yaw Konadu shi ma zakaran duniya sau uku, Ike Quartey, da kuma dan dambe Joshua Clottey da zakaran IBF na bantamweight Joseph Agbeko.

 Manazarta 

Category: Ghana