Kullalliyar Kasa

Ƙasar da ba ta da yankin da ke da alaƙa da teku ko kuma bakin teku ko harshen Teku ya gege ta. A halin yanzu akwai ƙasashe 44 da kuma Ƙasashe marasa cikakken ƴanci biyar da suke a tsakiyar ƙasashe kuma ba suyi iyaka da kowanne sashen na Teku ba. Kazakhstan ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya da ba ta da ruwa. 

A cikin 1990, akwai ƙasashe 30 ne kawai a duniya. Rushewar Tarayyar Sobiyat da Czechoslovakia ; wargajewar Yugoslavia ; ƙuri'ar raba gardama na ƴancin kai na Ossetia ta Kudu, da Eritrea, da Montenegro, da Sudan ta Kudu, da kuma Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk ; da ayyana ƴancin kai na Kosovo bai ɗaya ya haifar da sabbin ƙasashe 15 da ba su da tudu da kuma wasu jahohi 5 da aka amince da su ba su da tudu yayin da tsohuwar ƙasar Czechoslovakia ta daina wanzuwa a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 1993.

Gabaɗaya, zama kullalliyar ƙasa yana haifar da wasu naƙasu na siyasa da na tattalin arziƙi waɗanda samun damar shiga ruwan duniya zai gagara. Saboda haka, al’ummai manya da ƙanana a cikin tarihi sun yi ƙoƙari su sami ruwa mai yawa, har da kashe kuɗi mai yawa na dukiya, zubar da jini, da jarin siyasa .

Za'a iya rage lahanin tattalin arziƙin da ke cikin ƙasa ko kuma ya ta'azzara dangane da girman cigaba, kewaye hanyoyin kasuwanci da yancin ciniki, shingen harshe, da sauran la'akari. Wasu ƙasashe da ba su da ƙasa a Turai suna da wadata, irin su Andorra, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, San Marino, Switzerland, da Vatican City, waɗanda duk, ban da Luxembourg, memba na NATO, akai-akai yin aiki da tsaka tsaki a al'amuran siyasar duniya. Duk da haka, 32 daga cikin ƙasashe 44 da ba su da ƙasa, ciki har da dukan ƙasashen Afirka, Asiya, da Kudancin Amirka, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ware su a matsayin ƙasashe masu tasowa (LLDCs).  Tara daga cikin ƙasashe goma sha biyu da ke da mafi ƙanƙanta Alamar Cigaban Ɗan Adam (HDI) ba su da ƙasa.  Shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa suna da nufin rage rashin daidaito sakamakon batutuwa irin waɗannan, kamar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai ci gaba mai dorewa Goal 10, wanda ke da nufin rage rashin dai-daito sosai nan da 2030. 

 Muhimmanci 
A tarihance, kasancewa kullalliyar ƙasa yana da illa ga cigaban kasa. Yana katse wata al'umma daga muhimman albarkatun teku kamar kamun kifi, da kuma hana ko hana shiga cinikin teku kai tsaye, wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Don haka, yankunan bakin teku, ko yankunan da ke cikin tekun da ke da damar shiga Tekun Duniya, sun kasance masu wadata da yawan jama'a fiye da yankunan da ba su da damar shiga Tekun Duniya. Paul Collier a cikin littafinsa mai suna The Bottom Billion yayi gardama cewa zama mara gida a wata unguwa mara kyau na daya daga cikin manyan “tarko” ci gaba guda hudu da za a iya rike kasa da su. Gabaɗaya, ya gano cewa idan maƙwabciyar ƙasa ta sami ci gaba mai kyau, ta kan kai ga ci gaba mai kyau ga ƙasar kanta. Ga ƙasashen da ba su da tudu, tasirin yana da ƙarfi musamman, saboda an iyakance su a harkar kasuwanci da sauran ƙasashen duniya. Ya ce, "Idan kana bakin teku, kana yi wa duniya hidima, idan ba ka da ƙasa, kana yi wa makwabtaka hidima."  Wasu kuma sun yi nuni da cewa kasancewar babu kasa yana da fa’ida domin yana haifar da “shamakin farashi na dabi’a” da ke kare ktasar daga shigo da kayayyaki masu sauki. A wasu lokuta, wannan ya haifar da ingantaccen tsarin abinci na gida.  

Kullallun lsashe masu tasowa suna samun tsada sosai na jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasa da ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe masu tasowa na bakin teku (a Asiya kasafin 3:1). 

Kafin tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama ya bunkasa, tafiye-tafiyen fasinja kuma ya sami cikas, yana buƙatar wuce iyakokin iyaka don isa ga jiragen ruwa na fasinja na ƙasa da ƙasa, watakila tare da buƙatun biza.

 Matakan da za a guje wa zama marar gida 
Kasashe sun ɗauki matakin shawo kan rashin kasa ta hanyar samun kasa da ta isa teku:

 Jamhuriyar Ragusa, a cikin 1699, ta ba da garin Neum ga Daular Ottoman saboda ba ta son samun iyakar ƙasa da Jamhuriyar Venice .  Wannan ƙamar hukuma Bosnia da Herzegovina ta gaji kuma a yanzu tana ba da iyakataccen hanyar ruwa, ta raba yankin Croatian na gabar tekun Adriatic gida biyu. Tun da Bosnia da Herzegovina sabuwar ƙasa ce, ba a gina titin jirgin ƙasa da tashoshi ba don buƙatar ta. Babu tashar jiragen ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya tare da ɗan gajeren bakin teku a Neum, yana mai da shi yadda ya kamata ba tare da ƙasa ba, kodayake akwai shirye-shiryen canza wannan. Maimakon haka ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na Ploče a Croatia.
 Ƙungiyar Kongo ta Duniya, wadda ta mallaki yankin da ke zama Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo a yanzu, an ba da kyautar ƙasa mai ƙunci ta hanyar Angola don haɗa ta da teku ta taron Berlin a 1885.
 Bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, a cikin yarjejeniyar Versailles, wani yanki na Jamus ya ba da "hanyar Poland " ga sabuwar Jamhuriyar Poland ta biyu, don shiga tekun Baltic . Wannan ya ba Poland ɗan gajeren bakin teku, to amma ba tare da babban tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Wannan kuma shine dalili na yin Danzig (yanzu Gdańsk ) tare da tashar jiragen ruwa na Free City of Danzig, wanda aka ba Poland damar shiga kyauta. Duk da haka, Jamusawa sun sanya cikas ga wannan damar shiga cikin 'yanci, musamman ma lokacin da ya shafi kayan soja. Dangane da mayar da martani, ƙaramin tashar kamun kifi na Gdynia ya ƙaru sosai.
 Sakamakon musayar yanki na 2005 tare da Ukraine, Moldova ta karɓi yankin bakin teku mai tsayin mita 600 (yadi 650) na Danube (wanda shine hanyar ruwa ta duniya ),  daga baya ta gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Giurgiulești a can.

 Yarjejeniyar ciniki 
Ƙasashe na iya yin yarjejeniya kan samun jigilar kayayyaki kyauta ta ƙasashen maƙwabta:

 Yarjejeniyar Versailles ta buƙaci Jamus ta ba wa Czechoslovakia hayar shekaru 99 na sassan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Hamburg da Stettin, ba da damar cinikin tekun Czechoslovakia ta kogin Elbe da Oder . Poland ta mamaye Stettin  bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu, amma Hamburg ta ci gaba da kwangilar ta yadda wani bangare na tashar jiragen ruwa (a yanzu ake kira Moldauhafen ) har zuwa 2028 zai iya amfani da shi don cinikin teku ta magajin Czechoslovakia, Jamhuriyar Czech .
 Danube hanya ce ta ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa, don haka Ostiriya, Hungary, Moldova, Serbia, da Slovakia suna da amintaccen damar shiga Tekun Bahar Rum (ana ba da damar iri ɗaya zuwa sassan cikin ƙasa na Jamus da Croatia, kodayake Jamus da Croatia ba su da ƙasa). Duk da haka, jiragen ruwa masu tafiya a cikin teku ba za su iya amfani da Danube ba, don haka dole ne a yi jigilar kaya ta wata hanya, kuma yawancin kayan da ake shigo da su zuwa kasashen Ostiriya da Hungary suna amfani da sufuri na kasa daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Atlantic da Mediterranean. Irin wannan yanayin ya kasance ga kogin Rhine inda Switzerland ke da hanyar shiga jirgin ruwa, amma ba jiragen ruwa ba. Luxembourg yana da irin wannan ta hanyar Moselle, amma Liechtenstein ba shi da hanyar shiga jirgin ruwa, ko da yake yana kusa da Rhine, saboda Rhine ba shi da tafiya zuwa sama.
 Mekong wata hanya ce ta ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta yadda Laos maras kankara ta sami damar shiga Tekun Kudancin China (tunda Laos ta sami ƴancin kai daga Indochina na Faransa ). Duk da haka, ba za a iya kewayawa sama da Khon Phhapheng Falls .
 Tashoshi masu kyauta suna ba da damar jigilar kaya zuwa jiragen ruwa masu nisa ko tasoshin kogi.
 Yarjejeniyar TIR ta ba da damar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ba tare da cajin kwastan ba, galibi a Turai.

 Sakamakon siyasa 
Rasa hanyar shiga teku gabaɗaya babbar asara ce ga al'umma, ta fuskar siyasa, ta soja, da tattalin arziki. Waɗannan su ne misalan ƙasashen da ba su da tudu.

 ' Yancin Eritrea, wanda yakin 30 na ƴancin kai na Eritriya ya kawo,  ya sa Habasha ta zama marar ruwa a cikin shekarar 1991. Sojojin ruwa na Habasha sun yi aiki daga tashar jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje na wasu ƙarin shekaru.
 Matakin da Montenegro ya yanke na yin watsi da Ƙungiyar Jiha ta Sabiya da Montenegro ya sa ƙungiyar tarayya ta Sabiya ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta a halin yanzu .
 Bolivia ta rasa iyakarta zuwa Chile a yakin Pacific kuma ta yarda da ita a cikin yarjejeniyoyin da aka sanya hannu a cikin 1884 da 1904. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙarshe ta ba da wuraren ajiyar tashar jiragen ruwa da kulawa ta musamman don jigilar kayayyaki daga da zuwa Bolivia ta tashar jiragen ruwa da ƙasa na Chile. Kasashen Peru da Argentina kuma sun ba da kulawa ta musamman ga jigilar kayayyaki. Jirgin ruwan Bolivian mai cike da ruwa, wanda bai wanzu a lokacin Yaƙin Pacific, an ƙirƙira shi daga baya kuma duka jiragen ƙasa kuma suna aiki a tafkin Titicaca da koguna. Al'ummar Bolivia a kowace shekara suna bikin " Dia del Mar " mai kishin ƙasa (Ranar Teku) don tunawa da asarar yankin da ta yi, wanda ya haɗa da birnin Antofagasta da ke bakin teku da kuma abin da ya tabbatar da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'auni na tagulla a duniya. . A farkon karni na 21, zaɓin hanyar bututun iskar gas daga Bolivia zuwa teku ya haifar da tashin hankalin jama'a, yayin da mutane ke adawa da zaɓi na shimfida bututun ta cikin yankin Chile.
 Ostiriya da Hungary suma sun rasa damar shiga tekun sakamakon yarjejeniyar Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) da Yarjejeniyar Trianon (1920) bi da bi. A baya can, ko da yake Croatia tana da iyakacin ikon mulkin mallaka a cikin Masarautar Hungary, birnin Fiume / Rijeka a bakin tekun Croatian an gudanar da shi kai tsaye daga Budapest ta wani gwamna da aka nada a matsayin wani yanki na corpus, don samar wa Hungary da tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa kawai a cikin lokutan. 1779-1813, 1822-1848 da 1868-1918. Mafi mahimmancin tashar jiragen ruwa a Austria sune Trieste da Pula, yanzu a Italiya da Croatia.
 A shekara ta 1801, mulkin Nizam na Jihar Hyderabad ya ɗauki siffar da ake tunawa da shi a yanzu: na wata ƙasa mai sarauta mai ƙasa da yankuna a tsakiyar Deccan, wanda Birtaniya ta Indiya ta yi iyaka da kowane bangare, yayin da shekaru 150 a baya tana da babban bakin teku . a kan Tekun Bengal wanda turawan Ingila suka hade. 
 Mai yiyuwa ne daya daga cikin musabbabin yakin Paraguay shi ne rashin samun damar shiga teku kai tsaye na Paraguay (ko da yake ana takaddama; duba labarin da aka danganta).
 Lokacin da Entente Powers suka raba tsohuwar daular Ottoman ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Sèvres a ƙarshen yakin duniya na 1, an yi wa Armeniya alkawarin wani yanki na Trebizond vilayet (wanda ya yi daidai da lardunan Trabzon da Rize na zamani a Turkiyya ). Wannan zai ba Armeniya damar shiga Tekun Bahar . Duk da haka, yerjejeniyar Sèvres ta ruguje tare da Yaƙin ƴancin kai na Turkiyya kuma yerjejeniyar Lausanne (1923) ta maye gurbinta, wadda ta tabbatar da mulkin Turkiyya a yankin.
 A cikin 2011, Sudan ta Kudu ta balle daga Sudan, wanda ya sa na farko ya zama marar ruwa. Har yanzu dai ana ci gaba da samun rikici kan rijiyoyin mai a Sudan ta Kudu tsakanin ƙasashen biyu.

Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan dokar teku a yanzu ta bai wa kasar da ba ta da tudu damar shiga da fita daga cikin teku ba tare da biyan harajin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta jihohi ba. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana da shirin aiwatar da ayyuka don taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa marasa iyaka,  kuma Babban Sakatare-Janar na yanzu shine Anwarul Karim Chowdhury .

Wasu ƙasashe suna da dogon bakin teku, amma yawancinsa ƙila ba za a iya amfani da su cikin sauƙi don kasuwanci da kasuwanci ba. Alal misali, a farkon tarihinta, tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha kawai suna kan Tekun Arctic kuma an rufe su a yawancin shekara. Burin samun iko da tashar ruwa mai dumi shine babban abin da ya motsa Rasha ta fadada zuwa Tekun Baltic, Bahar Black, da Tekun Fasifik . A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, wasu ƙasashen da ba su da tudu na iya samun damar shiga tekun tare da faffadan kogunan da za su iya kewayawa. Alal misali, Paraguay (da Bolivia zuwa ƙarami) suna samun damar shiga teku ta kogin Paraguay da Paraná .

Ƙasashe da yawa suna da bakin teku a kan gawawwakin ruwa marasa ƙarfi, kamar Tekun Caspian da Tekun Gishiri . Tun da yake waɗannan tekuna suna cikin tasirin tafkuna ba tare da samun damar yin ciniki mai zurfi ba, har yanzu ana ɗaukar ƙasashe irin su Kazakhstan a matsayin marasa ruwa. Kodayake Tekun Caspian yana da alaƙa da Bahar Black ta hanyar Canal Volga-Don da mutum ya yi, manyan jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin teku ba su iya wucewa.

 Da digiri 
Ƙasashen da ba su da tudu na iya zama iyaka da wata ƙasa guda da ke da damar shiga teku kai tsaye, biyu ko fiye da irin waɗannan ƙasashe, ko kuma a kewaye su da wasu ƙasashe marasa tudu, wanda hakan zai sa ƙasar ta kasance mai ninki biyu.

 Ƙasar da ƙasa ɗaya ce ta kulle ta 
Ƙasashe uku a duniya kullallun ƙasashe ne waɗanda ƙasa ɗaya ce kadai ta kulle su (kewayayyun ƙasashe):

 Lesotho, ƙasa ce da Afirka ta Kudu ta kewaye .
 San Marino, ƙasa ce da Italiya ke kewaye.
 Vatican City, ƙasa ce da Italiya ke kewaye da ita musamman Rome .

 Ƙasar da ƙasashe biyu suka kulle ta 
Ƙasashe bakwai da ba su da ƙasa suna kewaye da maƙwabta biyu kacal da ke da iyaka da juna (ƙasashen da ba su da iyaka):

 Andorra (tsakanin Faransa da Spain )
 Bhutan (tsakanin China da Indiya )
 Eswatini (tsakanin Mozambique da Afirka ta Kudu )
 Liechtenstein (ɗaya daga cikin "ƙasashen da ba su da ƙasa biyu", tsakanin Austria da Switzerland )
 Moldova (idan watsi da Transnistria da ba a san shi ba, tsakanin Romania da Ukraine )
 Mongolia (tsakanin China da Rasha )
 Nepal (tsakanin China da Indiya )

Zuwa wannan rukunin za a iya ƙara yankuna uku da ba su da ƙasa, biyu daga cikinsu jihohi ne na gaskiya waɗanda ba su da cikakken ƴanci:

 Kudancin Ossetia (tsakanin Jojiya da Rasha ) - jihar de facto
 Transnistria (tsakanin Moldova da Ukraine ) - de facto jihar
 Yammacin Kogin Jordan (tsakanin Isra'ila da Jordan ) - yankin da gwamnatin Falasdinu ke gudanarwa a wani ɓangare    

 Mai ƙasa sau biyu 
Ƙasa tana da "ƙasa sau biyu" ko "ba ta da ƙasa sau biyu" idan aka kewaye ta da ƙasashen da ba su da ƙasa kawai (suna buƙatar haye kan iyakokin ƙasa aƙalla biyu don isa bakin teku).   Akwai irin waɗannan ƙasashe guda biyu:

 Liechtenstein a tsakiyar Turai, Austria da Switzerland kewaye. 
 Uzbekistan a tsakiyar Asiya, kewaye da Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, da Turkmenistan . CIA World Factbook Uzbekistan

Zuwa wannan rukunin za a iya ƙara yanki guda ɗaya wanda ba shi da ƙasa sau biyu wanda ke da gaskiya ba tare da sanin ko iyaka na duniya ba :

 Artsakh (wanda kuma aka sani da Jamhuriyar Nagorno-Karabakh ) a cikin Caucasus, gabaɗaya Azerbaijan ta kewaye shi sai dai wata ƴar ƴar ƴan taɗi na ƙasa zuwa Armeniya wadda ke ƙarƙashin ikon dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Rasha. A da tana kan iyaka da Armeniya da Iran, ta zama marar iyaka sau biyu saboda asarar yankuna da aka sha yayin yakin Nagorno-Karabakh na 2020 .

Bayan rugujewar Daular Roman Mai Tsarki, Masarautar Württemberg ta zama ƙasa mai ninki biyu, tana iyaka da Bavaria, Baden, Switzerland, Grand Duchy na Hesse ( Wimpfen exclave), Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, da Hohenzollern-Hechingen . Na biyun sun kasance ba tare da ƙasa ba tsakanin juna, Württemberg da Baden. A cikin 1866 sun zama wani yanki na Prussia, suna ba Württemberg iyaka da wata ƙasa ta bakin teku amma duk wata hanya zuwa gaɓar teku za ta iya kaiwa aƙalla iyakoki biyu. Birnin Frankfurt na 'yanci wanda ke da ƴancin kai tsakanin 1815 zuwa 1866 ya kasance marar iyaka sau biyu yayin da yake kan iyaka da Zaɓaɓɓen Hesse, Grand Duchy na Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, da Nassau . A cikin Tarayyar Jamus akwai wasu jahohi da dama da ba su da ƙasa waɗanda kawai ke da iyaka da jihohin da ba su da ƙasa da kuma wuraren da ba su da ƙasa na jihohin bakin teku: Grand Duchy na Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, Nassau (duk har zuwa 1866), Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Hildburghausen (duka biyun). har zuwa 1826), da Reuss, layin dattijo (har zuwa 1871). Duk waɗannan sun yi iyaka da Prussia amma ba babban yankin da ke da damar shiga teku ba.

Babu ƙasashen da ƙasa biyu ce ta kulle su daga haɗewar Jamus a 1871 har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin duniya na ɗaya . Liechtenstein ta yi iyaka da daular Austro-Hungarian, wacce ke da gabar tekun Adriatic, sannan Uzbekistan ta kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, wacce ke da damar shiga teku da teku.

Tare da rushe Austria-Hungary a cikin 1918 da ƙirƙirar Ostiriya mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta, Liechtenstein ta zama ƙasa ɗaya tilo mai ninki biyu har zuwa 1938. A cikin Anschluss waccan shekarar, Ostiriya ta shiga cikin Nazi Jamus, wanda ke da iyaka a Tekun Baltic da Tekun Arewa. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Ostiriya ta sake samun ƴancin kai kuma Liechtenstein ta sake zama marar gida biyu.

Uzbekistan, wacce ta kasance wani bangare na Daular Rasha sannan kuma Tarayyar Sobiyet, ta sami ƴancin kanta tare da wargajewar karshen a shekarar 1991 kuma ta zama kasa ta biyu mai ninki biyu.

Duk da haka, matsayin Uzbekistan sau biyu ba tare da izini ba ya dogara ne akan taƙaddama matsayi na Tekun Caspian : wasu ƙasashe, musamman Iran da Turkmenistan, suna da'awar cewa Tekun Caspian ya kamata a la'akari da shi a matsayin teku na gaske (musamman saboda ta wannan hanyar za su sami manyan filayen mai da iskar gas )., wanda zai sa Uzbekistan ta zama ƙasa mai sauƙi marar iyaka tun lokacin da maƙwabtan Turkmenistan da Kazakhstan ke samun damar shiga Tekun Caspian.

 Jerin kullallun ƙasashe da wasu jahohin da ba a san su ba 
CountryArea (km2)PopulationContinentUN subregionSurrounding countriesCountInternationally recognized landlocked countries652,23033,369,945AsiaSouthern AsiaChina, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan646877,543EuropeSouthern EuropeFrance and Spain229,7433,254,300AsiaWestern AsiaAzerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, and Turkey483,8718,823,054EuropeWestern EuropeCzechia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland886,6008,997,401AsiaWestern AsiaArmenia, Artsakh, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey5 or 6207,6009,484,300EuropeEastern EuropeLatvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine538,394691,141AsiaSouthern AsiaChina and India21,098,58110,907,778AmericasSouth AmericaArgentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru5582,0001,990,876AfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe4274,22215,746,232AfricaWestern AfricaBenin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Togo627,83410,557,259AfricaEastern AfricaDR Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania3622,9844,422,000AfricaMiddle AfricaCameroon, Chad, the Congo, DR Congo, South Sudan, and the Sudan61,284,00013,670,084AfricaMiddle AfricaCameroon, the Central African Republic, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, and the Sudan678,86710,674,947EuropeEastern EuropeAustria, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia417,3641,185,000AfricaSouthern AfricaMozambique and South Africa21,104,300101,853,268AfricaEastern AfricaDjibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and the Sudan693,0289,797,561EuropeEastern EuropeAustria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine72,724,90016,372,000AsiaCentral AsiaChina, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan5199,9515,482,000AsiaCentral AsiaChina, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan4236,8007,123,205AsiaSouth-eastern AsiaCambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam530,3552,067,000AfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa116035,789EuropeWestern EuropeAustria and Switzerland22,586502,202EuropeWestern EuropeBelgium, France, and Germany3118,48415,028,757AfricaEastern AfricaMozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia31,240,19214,517,176AfricaWestern AfricaAlgeria, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal733,8463,559,500EuropeEastern EuropeRomania, Transnistria, and Ukraine2 or 31,566,5002,892,876AsiaEastern AsiaChina and Russia2147,18126,494,504AsiaSouthern AsiaChina and India21,267,00015,306,252AfricaWestern AfricaAlgeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria725,7132,114,550EuropeSouthern EuropeAlbania, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, and Serbia4 or 5406,7526,349,000AmericasSouth AmericaArgentina, Bolivia, and Brazil326,33810,746,311AfricaEastern AfricaBurundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, and Uganda46131,716EuropeSouthern EuropeItaly188,3616,926,705EuropeSouthern EuropeAlbania (via Kosovo and Metohija), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Romania849,0355,429,763EuropeEastern EuropeAustria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine5619,7458,260,490AfricaEastern AfricaThe Central African Republic, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Sudan, and Uganda641,2848,401,120EuropeWestern EuropeAustria, France, Germany, Italy, and Liechtenstein5143,1007,349,145AsiaCentral AsiaAfghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan4488,1005,110,000AsiaCentral AsiaAfghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan4241,03840,322,768AfricaEastern AfricaDR Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Tanzania5449,10032,606,007AsiaCentral AsiaAfghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan50.44826EuropeSouthern EuropeItaly1752,61212,935,000AfricaEastern AfricaAngola, Botswana, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe8390,75712,521,000AfricaEastern AfricaBotswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zambia4Partially recognized landlocked states3,170120,000AsiaWestern AsiaAzerbaijan110,9081,804,838EuropeSouthern EuropeAlbania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia48,3771,464,039EuropeEastern EuropeThe Donetsk People's Republic, Russia, and Ukraine33,90072,000AsiaWestern AsiaGeorgia and Russia24,163505,153EuropeEastern EuropeMoldova and Ukraine2Total14,776,228475,818,737N/APercentage of the World11.4%6.9%

   Has a coastline on the saltwater Caspian Sea
   Not fully recognized
   Landlocked by a single country
   Doubly landlocked

Ana iya haɗa su cikin rukunoni masu zuwa kamar haka: 

 Tarin Gabas, Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka (10): Burkina Faso, Burundi, Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka, Chadi, Habasha, Mali, Nijar, Ruwanda, Sudan ta Kudu, da Uganda
 Tarin Gabas, Kudancin, da Yammacin Turai (9): Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Kosovo (an gane da su), Liechtenstein, Arewacin Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia, da Switzerland
 Tari na Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya (6): Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, da Uzbekistan
 Tarin Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (4): Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, da Zimbabwe
 Rukunin Kudancin Amurka (2): Bolivia da Paraguay
 Rukunin Yammacin Asiya (2): Armeniya da Azerbaijan

Lura:

 Idan an haɗa Artsakh (ba a san shi ba), to, Armeniya, Artsakh, da Azerbaijan sun kafa ƙungiyar Yammacin Asiya maimakon.
 Idan Transnistria (ba a gane shi ba) an haɗa shi, to Moldova da Transnistria sun kafa nasu rukunin Gabashin Turai.
 Idan ba don  ba na bakin teku a Moanda, DR Congo za ta haɗu da gungu na Afirka guda biyu zuwa ɗaya, wanda zai zama babban gungu mafi girma a duniya.
 Ana iya la'akari da gungu na Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya da kuma rukunin Yammacin Asiya masu jujjuyawa, tare da Tekun Caspian mara ƙasa . Mongoliya kusan wani yanki ne na wannan gungu kuma, an raba shi da Kazakhstan da  kawai, a faɗin ƙasar Sin ko Rasha.

Akwai kasashe 14 masu zuwa "guda ɗaya" marasa iyaka (kowace ɗayansu ba ta da iyaka da wata ƙasa):

 Turai (7): Andorra, Belarus, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk (wanda aka sani da shi), Luxembourg, Moldova, San Marino, da Vatican City ( Mai Tsarki Mai Tsarki )
 Asiya (5): Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, da Kudancin Ossetia (an san da su)
 Afirka (2): Eswatini da Lesotho

 Kullallun ƙasashe ta nahiya 
Idan ana ƙirga Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, da Kudancin Ossetia a matsayin wani yanki na Turai, to Turai ce ke da mafi yawan kullallun ƙasashe 19, gami da jahohi uku da aka sani ba su da ƙasa. Idan an haɗa waɗannan ƙasashe uku masu wucewa a cikin Asiya, to, Afirka da Turai sun fi yawa, a 16. Dangane da matsayin Yammacin Kogin Jordan da kasashe uku masu wucewa, Asiya tana da tsakanin 11 da 15, gami da jihar Artsakh da ba a san ta ba. Amurka ta Kudu tana da kasashe biyu kacal. Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya su ne kawai nahiyoyin da ba su da ƙasa (ban da Antarctica, wadda ba ta da ƙasa). Oceania (wanda yawanci ba a la'akari da nahiya ba amma yanki ne na yanki) kuma ba shi da kullalliyar ƙasa. Ban da Papua New Guinea, wanda ke da iyaka da Indonesia (ƙasa mai wucewa), duk sauran ƙasashe a cikin Oceania ƙasashen tsibiri ne ba tare da iyakar ƙasa ba.

Duk kullallun ƙasashe banda Bolivia da Paraguay suna cikin Afro-Eurasia . Ko da yake wasu ƙasashen tsibirin suna raba aƙalla iyakar ƙasa ɗaya da wata ƙasa, babu ɗayansu da ba shi da ƙasa.

 Nassoshi 

Category:Amurka
Category:Afirka
Category:Ƙasashe
Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba