Ebrahim Raisi

Sayyid Ebrahim Raisol-Sadati ( Persian   ; an haife shi ranar 14 ga Watan Disamba,  a shekarar alif 1960),  wanda  aka sani a matsayin Ebrahim Raisi ( Persian   ,  lafazi ), Shi ne wani ɗan siyasar Iran ne mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma  tsauri a kan ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma Musulmi ne masanin (kiristanci) kuma zaɓaɓɓen shugaban kasar Iran, bayan da aka yi zaɓe a shekara 2021  zaɓen shugaban kasar  Iran. 
Raisi ya yi aiki a wurare da dama a tsarin shari'ar Iran, kamar Mataimakin Babban Jojin kotu daga (2004 - 2014), Babban Atoni Janar (2014-2016), da Babban Jojin (2019-2024). Ya kuma kasance mai gabatar da ƙara kuma Mataimakin mai gabatar da ƙara na Tehran a cikin ƙarni na 1980s da 1990s, a lokacin da yake lura da kisan dubban masu adawa da siyasa da fursunoni. Ya kasance wakili kuma Shugaban Astan Quds Razavi, wanda aka fi sani da bonyad, daga shekarar 2016 har zuwa 2019.  Shi ma memba ne na Majalisar Masana daga Lardin Khorasan ta Kudu, an zaɓe shi a karon farko a zaɓen shekarar 2006, . Shi surukin limamin Juma’a ne na Mashhad kuma Babban Limamin masallacin Imam Reza, Ahmad Alamolhoda .

Raisi ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2017,  a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta (Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces),  ya kayar da shugaban mai ci mai ci Hassan Rouhani da kashi 57% zuwa 38.3%. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane hudu da ke cikin kwamitin gurfanar da karar, wanda ya ɗauki nauyin aiwatar da kisan dubban fursunonin siyasa a Iran a shekarar alif 1988, wanda kungiyar adawa ta Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, da wasu kafofin watsa labarai na yamma ke yi wa lakabi da kwamitin Mutuwa. Ofishin kula da kadarorin kasashen waje na Amurka ya sanya masa takunkumi   daidai da Dokar Zartarwa ta 13876 . Kungiyoyin kare hakkin Bil Adama na kasa da kasa da wasu masu ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya sun zarge shi da cin zarafin ɗan Adam.  Raisi ya yi nasarar sake tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a karo na biyu a shekara ta 2021, inda ya gaji Hassan Rouhani, wanda aka iyakance wa’adi wato (term-limited).

 Rayuwar farko-farko 
An haifi Ebrahim Raisi a ranar 14 ga watan Disambar shekarar alif 1960, ga dangin malamin Fasiya a gundumar Noghan na Mashhad . Mahaifinsa, Seyed Haji, ya mutu yana da shekara 5. 

 Tsangaya da kuma neman ilimi 
Babu wata majiya ingantacciya da ta tabbatar da rikodin Makarantar gargajiya ta Raisi. Shafin tarihin yakin neman zaɓensa ya ambaci karatun Firamare ne kawai amma ba ko ya kammala Makarantar sakandare ba.  Yayi ikirarin cewa ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a mai zaman kansa daga Jami'ar Motahari duk da haka, wannan an yi sabani. 

 Takaddun shaida na malamai 
Ya fara karatu a makarantar hauza ta Qom yana dan shekara 15.  Sannan ya yanke shawarar ilimantarwa a makarantar Navvab na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bayan haka, ya tafi makarantar Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Mousavi Nezhad kuma karatunsa ya yi daidai da koyar da sauran ɗalibai. A shekarar alif 1976, ya tafi Kum don ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Ayatollah Borujerdi. Shi dalibin Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi, Morteza Motahhari, Abolghasem Khazali, Hossein Noori Hamedani, Ali Meshkini da Morteza Pasandideh. A cewar Alex Vatanka na Cibiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya, "ainihin cancantar addini" na Raisi "matsala ce". "Na wani lokaci" kafin kafofin yada labaran Iran su gudanar da bincike, ya "ambaci kansa" a mat tosayin "Ayatollah" a shafinsa na sirri. Koyaya, a cewar Vatanka, kafofin watsa labarai "sun ba da sanarwar rashin ilimin addini na yau da kullun" da takardun shaidarka, bayan haka Raisi ya daina da'awar riƙe matsayin da aka ambata. Bayan wannan binciken da sukarsa sai ya "gabatar da [ed] ga kansa a matsayin hojat-ol-eslam ", mukamin malami nan da nan a karkashin Ayatollah.  Daga baya Raisi ya sake bayyana kansa Ayatollah jim kadan kafin zaben shugaban kasa na 2021 . 

 Ayyukan shari'a 

 Shekarun farko 
A cikin shekara ta alif 1981, an naɗa shi mai gabatar da kara na Karaj . Daga baya kuma, an kuma nada shi a matsayin mai gabatar da ƙara na Hamadan kuma ya yi aiki tare. Ya kasance yana aiki tare a cikin birane biyu fiye da 300 km nesa da juna.  Bayan watanni hudu, an naɗa shi a matsayin mai gabatar da kara na Lardin Hamadan . 

 Mataimakin mai gabatar da ƙara na Tehran 
An naɗa shi a matsayin mataimakin mai gabatar da ƙara na Tehran a shekarar 1985 sannan ya koma babban birnin kasar.  Bayan shekaru uku da farkon 1988, an sanya shi a cikin ruhollah Khomeini kuma ya karɓi tanadi na musamman (mai zaman kansa daga ɓangaren shari'a) daga gare shi don magance matsalolin shari'a a wasu larduna kamar Lorestan, Semnan da Kermanshah .

 Kashe-kashen 1988 
Hussein-Ali Montazeri ya ambaci Raisi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane hudu da ke da hannu a kisan gillar fursunonin siyasar Iran na 1988.  Sauran mutanen sun haɗa da Morteza Eshraghi (mai gabatar da kara a Tehran), Hossein-Ali Nayeri (Alkali) da Mostafa Pourmohammadi (wakilin MOI a Evin ). An ambaci sunayen mutane biyu na farko a cikin umarnin Khomeini. Pourmohammadi ya musanta rawar da yake takawa amma Raisi bai ce komai ba game da batun har yanzu.  

Hukuncin kisa na fursunonin siyasa na Iran a 1988 ya kasance jerin waɗanda gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyin zartar da fursunonin siyasa a duk faɗin Iran, wanda ya fara daga 19 ga watan Yulin 1988 kuma yakai kimanin watanni biyar.       Yawancin wadanda aka kashe magoya bayan Mujahedin na Iran ne, kodayake magoya bayan sauran bangarorin hagu, ciki har da Fedaian da Tudeh Party of Iran (Jam'iyyar Kwaminis), suma an kashe su.  Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions, University of California Press, 1999, 209-228 A cewar Amnesty International, "dubun-dubatar 'yan adawa na siyasa an tsara su ta hanyar da ta dace ta hanyar bacewa a wuraren da ake tsare da Iran a duk faɗin kasar kuma an aiwatar da su ba bisa ka'ida ba bisa umarnin da Jagoran na Iran ya bayar kuma aka aiwatar da shi a duk gidajen yarin kasar. Da yawa daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a wannan lokacin sun sha azaba da azaba, azabtarwa a cikin aikin. ” 

An bayyana kashe-kashen a matsayin tsarkake siyasa ba tare da wani tarihi a tarihin Iran na zamani ba, ta fuskar faɗi da rufewa.  Koyaya, ainihin adadin fursunonin da aka kashe ya kasance batun mahawara. Amnesty International, bayan ta yi hira da dangi da yawa, ta sanya adadin a dubbai;  sannan- Mataimakin Shugaban Ruhollah Khomeini , Hussein-Ali Montazeri ya sanya lambar tsakanin 2,800 da 3,800 a cikin abubuwan da ya rubuta,  amma wani kiyasi na daban ya nuna cewa adadin ya wuce 30,000.  Saboda yawan mutanen, an loda fursunoni cikin manyan motocin daukar kaya a rukuni-rukuni shida kuma an rataye su daga kankara a tsakanin rabin awa. The World's Most Notorious Dictators. 

 Manyan muƙamai 
Bayan mutuwar Khomeini da kuma zaben Ali Khamenei a matsayin sabon Jagora, an naɗa Raisi a matsayin mai gabatar da ƙara na Tehran ta sabon Alkalin Alkalai Mohammad Yazdi da aka naɗa. Ya riƙe ofishin tsawon shekaru biyar daga 1989 zuwa 1994. A cikin shekarar 1994, an naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban Babban Ofishin Binciken .

Daga shekarar 2004 har zuwa 2014, Raisi ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Alƙalin Iran na Farko, wanda Babban Mai Shari'a Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi ya naɗa . Ya kiyaye matsayinsa a cikin Sadeq Larijani 's farko lokaci kamar yadda babban mai shari'a. Daga baya aka naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Lauyan Iran a 2014, muƙamin da ya riƙe har zuwa 2016, lokacin da ya yi murabus ya zama Shugaban Astan Quds Razavi .  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da ƙara na Kotu na Musamman.

 Shugabancin Astan Quds 
Ya zama Shugaban Astan Quds Razavi a ranar 7 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2016, bayan rasuwar magabacinsa Abbas Vaez-Tabasi .   Shi ne mutum na biyu da ya yi wannan ofishin daga shekarar 1979. Jagoran Ali Khamenei ya lissafa yi wa mahajjatan wurin ibada mai tsarki hidima, musamman talakawa sannan kuma yana aiki a kusa, musamman talakawa da waɗanda aka fatattaka a matsayin wasu manyan ayyuka biyu na Raisi a cikin naɗin nasa. 

 Zaɓen shugaban kasa 
a shekarar 2017n
An ambaci Raisi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘Yan takarar Shugabancin juyin juya halin Musulunci (JAMNA) a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2017.  Haka kuma an samu goyon bayan 'Yan tawayen Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci .   A hukumance ya sanar da naɗin nasa a cikin wata sanarwa da aka wallafa a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu, kuma ya kira shi "nauyin da ya hau kansa na addini da juyin juya hali", yana mai nuni da bukatar "canji na asali a bangaren gudanarwar kasar" da kuma gwamnatin da ke "faɗa da talauci da rashawa. ”  Ya yi rajista a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2017, a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida tare da cewa lokaci ya yi da za a yi haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa, ba wai kawai rubuce-rubuce ba. 

A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2017, dan takarar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf ya janye takararsa inda ya goyi bayan Raisi.  An yi ta raɗe-raɗin cewa Ghalibaf zai kasance mataimakin shugaban Raisi na farko idan aka zaɓe shi.  Sun kuma shiga cikin yakin neman zaɓe a Tehran da juna.

An bayyana Raisi a matsayin "masoyi kuma mai yuwuwar maye gurbin babban shugaban Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, ta kafofi da yawa,    (aƙalla kafin kayar da shi a zaɓe). 

Bayan an bayyana sakamakon zaɓe, Raisi ya samu 15,786,449 daga cikin 42,382,390 (38.30% na kuri'un). Ya sha kaye a hannun Shugaba mai ci Rouhani kuma ya zo na biyu. Bai taya Rouhani murnar sake zabarsa a matsayin shugaban kasa ba,  sannan ya nemi Majalisar Guardian da ta duba "karya doka" kafin da lokacin zaɓen, tare da shafuka 100 na takardun da aka makala. 

 Shugabancin ƙasa 

 Zaɓen shugaban kasa na 2021 
A shekarar 2021, Raisi ya sake tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa, kuma ya ci zaɓen.  Zaɓen ya samu kaso 48.8% na masu jefa ƙuri'a, kuma kashi 62% sun tafi Raisi.

Ba a kidaya miliyan 3.7 na miliyan 28.9 ba, wataƙila saboda ba su da komai ko kuma akasin haka ƙuri'ar rashin amincewa. 
Kusan 'yan takara 600, 40 daga cikinsu mata ne, suka yi rajista a zaɓen, daga cikinsu maza 7 sun amince da wata ɗaya gabanin zaɓen ta hanyar masanan 12 da masana tauhidi a Majalisar Guardian (kungiyar da ba a zaɓa ba wacce ke da hukunci na ƙarshe kan ingancin ɗan takarar bisa ƙarfin 'cancantar' ƴan takara '). Uku daga cikin wadannan 'ƴan takarar bakwai an ciresu daga baya kafin ranar kada kuri'a. Kafin ya janye, dan takarar mai neman kawo canji Mohsen Mehralizadeh ya yi ishara da cewa kuri’ar za ta zama abin da za a yi hasashe, yana mai cewa yayin muhawarar ‘yan takarar a talabijin cewa malaman addini masu mulki sun hada kai“ rana, wata da sammai don sanya mutum na musamman a matsayin shugaban kasa, ”a cewar The Masanin tattalin arziki. Tsohon shugaban kasar, Mahmud Ahmadinejad, daga cikin wadanda aka hana tsayawa takara, ya fada a cikin sakon bidiyo cewa ba zai yi zabe ba, yana mai cewa: "Ba na son shiga wani bangare a cikin wannan zunubin." . 

 Mai yuwuwa yayi nasara a matsayin Jagora 
A cikin shekarar 2019, Saeid Golkar na Al Jazeera ya kira Raisi "mafi yuwuwar maye gurbin Ayatollah Ali Khamenei " a matsayin Babban Jagoran Iran .  A cikin shekarar 2020, Dexter Filkins ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wanda aka ambata akai-akai" a matsayin magajin Khamenei. 

 Ra'ayin Siyasa 
Raisi yana goyan bayan rarrabuwar jima'i . Ya ce a cikin hirar da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2014, game da batun wariya a cikin karamar Hukumar Tehran ya ce "Ina ganin wannan kyakkyawar tafiya ce saboda yawancin mata suna yin aiki mafi kyau a cikin yanayi mai annashuwa gaba daya kuma ana bukatar dacewa."  Ya kuma kasance mai goyon bayan musuluntar da jami’o’i, yin kwaskwarima kan Intanet da takunkumi ga al’adun Yammaci.    Raisi ya ce yana ganin takunkumin tattalin arziki a matsayin dama. 

 Tattalin arziki 
A cikin shekarar 2017, Raisi ya ruwaito "Ina ganin kunna tattalin arziƙin a matsayin hanya ɗaya tilo da za ta kawo ƙarshen talauci da fatara a cikin ƙasar."  Yana tallafawa ci gaban ɓangaren noma a kan kasuwanci, wanda “zai amfanar da alamun ƙasashen waje”. 

A shekara ta 2017, ya yi wa'adi ga sau uku da wata-wata jiha amfanin, a halin yanzu 450,000 rials da jama'a, domin magance cin hanci da rashawa da kuma ƙirƙirar aiki miliyan shida. 

 Manufofin waje 
Da yake amsa tambayoyin manema labarai game da manufofinsa na kasashen waje, ya ce "zai kasance ne da kulla alaka da kowace ƙasa in ban da Isra'ila ." 

 Tarihin zabe 
Shekara Zabe Kuri'u % Matsayi Bayanan kula 2006 Majalisar Masana 200,906 68.6% Na 1 Yayi nasara  2016 Majalisar Masana 325,139 80.0% Na 1 Yayi nasara  2017 Shugaba 15,835,794 38.28% Na biyu Bace  2021 Shugaba 17,926,345 61.95% Na 1 Yayi nasara 

 Rayuwar mutum 
Raisi ya auri Jamileh Alamolhoda, diyar Limamin Masallacin Juma'a na Mashhad, Ahmad Alamolhoda . Mataimakiyar farfesa ce a Jami'ar Shahid Beheshti ta Tehran sannan kuma shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Asali ta Kimiyya da Fasaha.  Suna da yara mata biyu da jikoki biyu.  Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yansu mata ta yi karatu a jami’ar Sharif, dayar kuma a jami’ar Tehran .  

 Takunkumi 
Raisi daya ne daga cikin jami’an Iran tara da aka sakawa takunkumi a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2019 wanda Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanya takunkumi saboda zargin take hakkin bil adama.  Hakanan, Raisi ma Tarayyar Turai ce ta sanya takunkumi.  

Category:Pages with unreviewed translations