Zaftarewar ƙasa

Kalmar zaftarewar ƙasa ko, ƙasa da yawa, faɗuwar ƙasa,tana nufin nau'ikan ɓarna da yawa wanda zai iya haɗawa da faffadan motsi na ƙasa, kamar dutsen dutse, gazawar gangara mai zurfi, kwararar ruwa, da tarkace. gudanaLandslide synonyms". www.thesaurus.com. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus. 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2018..

Zaftarewar kasa na faruwa  a wurare daban-daban, wanda ke nuna ko dai m ko mai saukin kai, daga tsaunukan tsaunuka zuwa tsaunukan bakin teku ko ma a ƙarƙashin ruwa, inda a haka ake kiran su da zaftarewar ƙasa. Nauyin nauyi shine babban abin motsawa  don zaftarewar ƙasa ta faru, amma akwai wasu abubuwan da ke shafar kwanciyar hankali wanda ke haifar da takamaiman yanayi wanda ke sa gangara  ya zama mai rauniMcGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 11th Edition, ISBN 9780071778343, 2012.

A lokuta da yawa, zaftarewar ƙasa tana haifar da wani takamaiman abin da ya faru (kamar ruwan  faru (kamar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, girgizar ƙasa, yanke gangara don gina hanya, da sauran su da yawa), kodayake ba koyaushe ake iya gane wannan ba.

 Sanadi
Zaftarewar kasa na faruwa ne lokacin da gangaren (ko wani sashi) ke fuskantar wasu matakai da ke canza yanayin sa daga tsayayye zuwa maras tabbas. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda raguwar ƙarfin ƙarfi na kayan gangarawa, ƙaruwa a cikin matsin lamba na kayan, ko haɗuwa biyu. Canje -canjen kwanciyar hankali na gangarawa na iya haifar da wasu dalilai, yin aiki tare  ko kuma shi kaɗai. Abubuwan da ke haifar da zaftarewar ƙasa sun haɗa da: jikewa ta hanyar shigar da ruwan sama, narkar da dusar ƙanƙara, ko narkar  da kankara; mafitar ruwan karkashin kasa,  ko karuwa da rami ruwa matsa lamba  (misali saboda aquifer recharge a ruwa yanayi,  ko da ruwan sama da ruwa infiltration)Hungr, Oldrich; Leroueil, Serge; Picarelli, Luciano (2014-04-01). "The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update". Landslides. 11 (2): 167–194..

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