Izz al-Dawla

Bakhtiyar (ya rasu a shekarar 978), wanda aka fi sani da ya laqab na'Izz al-Dawla (    ' Ɗaukakar daular ' ), shine Buyid amir na Iraki (shekarar 967-978).
Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Izz al-Dawla a matsayin Bakhtiyar, kuma shi ɗan Mu'izz al-Dawla ne . Yana kuma da 'yan'uwa maza uku 3 masu suna Sanad al-Dawla, Marzuban da Abu Ishaq Ibrahim . Bakhtiyar, a lokacin yarintarsa, ya auri ɗiyar jami'in Dailamite Lashkarwarz.

A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 955, Mu'izz al-Dawla ya kamu da rashin lafiya kuma ya yanke shawarar sanya ɗan nasa a matsayin magajinsa. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, halifa ya amince da hakan a hukumance ta hanyar baiwa Bakhtiyar taken "Izz al-Dawla". A lokacin balaguron soja na mahaifinsa, Izz al-Dawla ya yi mulki a Baghdad . Mu'izz al-Dawla ya mutu a ahekarar 967, ya bar wa ɗansa nasiha da dama. Ya ba da shawarar kiyaye ayyukan kwamandan Turkiyya Sebük-Tegin, girmama bukatun Turkawa, amincewa da kawunsa Rukn al-Dawla, wanda ya mulki arewacin Farisa a matsayin babban amir, da girmama dan uwansa 'Adud al-Dawla, wanda ya yi mulki daga Fars . Ya kuma ba da dabarun ma'amala da sarkin Hamdanid na Mosul, Abu Taghlib .

 Sarauta 
A shekarar 970, Izz al-Dawla, domin kawo karshen rikicin tsakanin Dailamites da Turkawa a cikin rundunarsa, ya fara yin aure da yawa tare da manyan Turkawa don karfafa dangantakar Dailamite da Turkic; dansa Marzuban bn Bakhtiyar ya auri 'yar Bukhtakin Azadruwayh, sannan wani dan nasa Salar ya auri' yar Baktijur. 

Izz al-Dawla ya ci gaba da siyasar mahaifinsa na yakar Shahiniyawa wadanda ke mulkin filayen Iraki, amma ya kasa shawo kansu. A lokaci guda, ya yi watsi da kan iyaka da Daular Byzantine, yana kuma ganin wannan wani lamari ne da khalifa zai yi aiki da shi. Lokacin da Rumawa da ke ƙarƙashin John I Tzimisces suka mamaye arewacin Mesopotamia a cikin shekarar 971, bai ma koma Bagadaza ba. Bosworth (1975), p. 265 Mutumin da ya dauki nauyin kare Iraki shi ne Sebük-Tegin, wanda ya ji kansa ya kara nisanta da Buyid. Bayan shekaru biyu, Izz al-Dawla nada Ibn Baqiyya kamar yadda ya vizier .

Izz al-Dawla shima yana da matsalar kuɗi; a cikin shekarar 973 ya mamaye Amirat na Mosul, bisa shawarar da mahaifinsa ya ba shi. Gangamin ya kasance bala'i; Hamdaniyawa karkashin Abu Taghlib sun yi tattaki zuwa Baghdad, yayin da mai yiwuwa Sebük-Tegin yana tallafa musu a ɓoye. Bosworth (1975), p. 266 Daga nan amir Buyid ya yi kokarin warware matsalolinsa na kudi ta hanyar kwace kayan masarufin Baturke, galibinsu sun kasance a Khuzestan . A lokaci guda, ya kori Sebük-Tegin daga mukaminsa. Baturke ya yi tawaye, ya tilasta Izz al-Dawla ya shiga cikin Wasit . Ya yi watsi da tayin Sebük-Tegin na sallama Bagadaza don musaya da kudancin Iraki. Daga nan sai Baturke ya hau kan Wasit, kuma ya yiwa garin kawanya.

A wannan lokacin, Rukn al-Dawla ya umarci Adud al-Dawla da su hau kan Wasit kuma su sauƙaƙe Izz al-Dawla. Zaɓin 'Adud al-Dawla yana da ɗan son sani: tun da farko ya ba da shawarar cire Izz al-Dawla saboda rashin sanin makamar aiki, kuma ya ba da mafaka ga wani ɗan'uwan amir ɗin Iraki wanda ya ƙaddamar da tawaye da bai yi nasara ba a Basra . Duk da wannan, 'Adud al-Dawla ya bi umarnin, kodayake ya yi tafiya a hankali yadda ya kamata don bai wa Sebük-Tegin damar shawo kan Wasit.

Izz al-Dawla, duk da haka, ya yi nasarar miƙawa, kuma Sebük-Tegin ya mutu yayin kawanyar. Bosworth (1975), p. 267 'Adud al-Dawla saboda haka daga karshe ya yanke shawarar mayar da shi a Bagadaza. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, tawayen da sojojin haya na Izz al-Dawla na Dailamite suka ƙaddamar ya ba 'Adud al-Dawla damar hamɓarar da ɗan uwan nasa. Da ya yi haka, da ya yi mulkin Iraki kai tsaye, amma Rukn al-Dawla ya nuna adawa da wannan. Don haka Izz al-Dawla ya zama mataimakin Adud al-Dawla zuwa Iraki. Tashin tashi daga karshen zuwa Shiraz ya sanya Izz al-Dawla cire ikonsa nan take.

 Yakin basasa da mutuwa 
Rukn al-Dawla ya mutu a cikin 976, yana jefa daular Buyid cikin rudani. Izz al-Dawla ya ki amincewa da maye gurbin 'Adud al-Dawla zuwa mukamin babban amir. Ya dauki sabbin mukamai don kansa, ya auri daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan khalifa, yana mai nuna amincewar da halifan ya yi a kan siyasarsa. 'Adud-Dawla sannan ya shirya mamaye Iraki. Duk da cewa ya shirya rundunarsa da kawayensa, an ci Izz al-Dawla a Khuzestan a cikin shekarar 977 kuma an tilasta masa komawa zuwa Wasit . A can ya tayar da wata sabuwar runduna, amma sai 'yan uwan nan biyu suka shiga tattaunawa. Bayan wani lokaci mai tsawo, an kuma ba Izz al-Dawla 'yancin wucewa zuwa Siriya, a madadin alkawarin ba zai hada kai da Hamdanids ba. Lokacin da ya karya wannan yarjejeniya, an sake ci gaba da tashin hankali. Dukkanin Izz al-Dawla da Hamdanids sun sha kaye a cikin Samarra a cikin bazarar shekarar 978, kuma aka kame Buyid. An kashe shi jim kaɗan bayan yardar 'Adud al-Dawla. Kennedy (2004), pp. 272, 230

 Manazarta 


 Majiya 







 Hanyoyin haɗin waje