Ciwon kai

ciwon kai na damuwa, ciwon kai na stress, ko ciwon kai irin ciwon kai (TTH), shine mafi yawan nau'in ciwon kai. Ciwo yawanci yana fitowa daga ƙananan baya na kai, wuyansa, idanu, ko wasu ƙungiyoyin tsoka a cikin jiki yawanci suna shafar bangarorin biyu na kai. Ciwon kai na nau'in tashin hankali yana da kusan kashi 90% na dukkan ciwon kai.

Magungunan zafi, irin su paracetamol da ibuprofen, suna da tasiri don maganin ciwon kai. Tricyclic antidepressants sun bayyana suna da amfani don rigakafi. Shaida ba ta da kyau ga SSRIs, propranolol da masu sanyaya tsoka.  

Binciken Global Burden of Disease na 2016 ya nuna cewa TTHs yana shafar kusan mutane biliyan 1.89 kuma ya fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza (30.8% zuwa 21.4% bi da bi).  TTH ya fi yawa tsakanin shekaru 35 zuwa 39. Duk da halin da yake da shi, ciwon kai na tashin hankali, musamman a cikin yanayin da ya dace, na iya ba da nakasa mai mahimmanci ga marasa lafiya da kuma nauyi ga al'umma gaba ɗaya. A cikin 2016, an bayar da rahoton cewa nauyin duniya na TTH ya kasance shekaru miliyan 7.2 na rayuwa tare da nakasa (YLDs). An lissafa YLD ta amfani da yaduwar TTH da matsakaicin lokacin da aka kashe tare da TTH da aka ninka ta hanyar asarar lafiya da TTH ya haifar (3.7%).

 Alamomi da alamomi 
Dangane da bugu na uku na Rarrabawar Kasa da Kasa na Ciwon Gashi,  hare-haren dole ne su cika ka'idoji masu zuwa:

 Tsawon lokaci tsakanin minti 30 zuwa kwanaki 7.
 Akalla biyu daga cikin halaye huɗu masu zuwa: matsawa ko tsauraran wurare biyu (ba tare da bugun jini ba) inganci mai sauƙi ko matsakaici ba tare da kara tsanantawa ta hanyar motsa jiki na yau da kullun ba kamar tafiya ko hawa matakala
 Yanayi na biyu
 matsewa ko tsaurara (ba ta motsawa) inganci
 mai sauƙi ko matsakaici
 ba a kara tsanantawa ta hanyar motsa jiki na yau da kullun kamar tafiya ko hawa matakala
 Dukkanin wadannan: babu ƙishirwa ko amai ba fiye da ɗaya na photophobia (mai saurin haske) ko phonophobia
 babu ƙishirwa ko amai
 ba fiye da ɗaya daga cikin photophobia (mai hankali ga haske mai haske) ko phonophobia

Ciwon kai na irin tashin hankali na iya kasancewa tare da tausayi na gashin kai a kan matsin hannu yayin harin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span>]

 Abubuwan haɗari 
Abubuwa daban-daban na haifar da ciwon kai a cikin mutane masu saukin kamuwa: 

 Damuwa
 Damuwa
 Matsalolin bacci
 Shekaru da ƙuruciya
 Rashin lafiya

 Hanyar aiki 
Kodayake tsokoki na kai da wuyansa da abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum kamar damuwa na iya taka rawa a cikin ilimin lissafi na TTH gaba ɗaya, a halin yanzu ba a yi imanin cewa shi ne kawai dalilin ci gaban TTH ba. Tushen cututtukan TTH mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwa da abubuwan mutum, abubuwan muhalli, da canji na hanyoyin ciwo na gefe da na tsakiya. Hanyoyin ciwo na waje suna karɓar siginar ciwo daga pericranial (a kusa da kai) myofascial tissue (kariya ga tsokoki) kuma canjin wannan hanyar mai yiwuwa ya haifar da ciwon kai na tashin hankali (ETTH).  Bugu da kari, tsananin tsokoki na pericranial, kumburi, da ischemic na tsoka an yi la'akari da su a cikin wallafe-wallafen ciwon kai don zama abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukani na TTH.Chen Y (December 2009). "Advances in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache: from stress to central sensitization". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 13 (6): 484–494. doi:10.1007/s11916-009-0078-x. PMID 19889292. S2CID 36447117. Koyaya, binciken da yawa sun kasa kwatanta shaidar rawar da ke tattare da shi na ischemia ko kumburi a cikin tsokoki. Har ila yau, tausayi na pericranial ba zai iya haifar da TTH ba, amma a maimakon haka yana iya yin aiki don haifar da sake zagayowar ciwo mai tsanani. Wannan shine lokacin da amsawar ciwo ta kewaye ta canza a tsawon lokaci zuwa amsawar ciwon tsakiya. Wadannan canje-canje masu tsawo a cikin hanyoyin ciwo na waje na iya haifar da karuwar tashin hankali na hanyoyin ciwo ta tsakiya, wanda ke haifar da sauyawa na ETTH zuwa ciwon kai na ciwo (CTTH).  Musamman, hyperexcitability yana faruwa a cikin neurons na tsakiya (nucleus na kashin baya, thalamus, da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa) wanda ke haifar da tsakiya na tsakiya, wanda ke bayyana a asibiti kamar allodynia da hyperalgesia na CTTH. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya na CTTH suna nuna raguwar ƙimar zafi da ciwo wanda ke kara ƙarfafa tallafi ga tsakiya mai mahimmanci da ke faruwa a cikin CTTH.

Canje-canje a cikin ilimin lissafi wanda ke haifar da tsari na tsakiya na tsakiya, ya haɗa da canje-canje a matakin sassan jijiyoyi, Neurotransmitters da masu karɓa su, neural synapse, da membrane na bayan-synaptic. Shaida kuma ta nuna cewa rashin aiki a cikin hanyoyin ciwo na ciwo na supraspinal na iya ba da gudummawa ga cututtukan tsakiya a cikin CTTH.Chen Y (December 2009). "Advances in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache: from stress to central sensitization". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 13 (6): 484–494. doi:10.1007/s11916-009-0078-x. PMID 19889292. S2CID 36447117.
MANAZARTA