Maida Shuɗi

Maida Shiɗi ya kasan ce an ƙarɓa sunan da yawa ga wani samarwar data kunshi muhalli, kullum da kuma kasafin kudi da sake fasalin cigaba bayan da COVID-19 cutar AIDS . An sami babban tallafi daga jam’iyyun siyasa, gwamnatoci, masu fafutuka da masana a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 'Boosting the EU's green recovery: Commission invests €1 billion in innovative clean technology projects' (3 July 2020) Ingila, 'Building back a green and resilient recovery' (8 July 2020) gov.uk. E McGaughey, M Lawrence and Common Wealth, 'The Green Recovery Act 2020 ', proposed UK law, and pdf Amurka, e.g. Tom Steyer, 'A fair, green recovery for all Californians '; New York City, COVID-19 Green Recovery.  D. Aldana Cohen, D. Kammen, J. Brave NoiseCat, et al, A green stimulus to rebuild our economy, Medium, March 22, 2020 da sauran ƙasashe don tabbatar da saka hannun jari don ɗaga ƙasashe Ana kashe koma bayan tattalin arziƙi ta hanyar yaƙar canjin yanayi, gami da rage kwal, mai, da amfani da gas, da saka hannun jari a tsaftataccen sufuri, makamashi mai sabuntawa, gine-gine masu muhalli, da ayyukan kamfanoni masu ɗorewa ko ayyukan kuɗi. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Cigaban Tattalin Arziki ne ke tallafawa waɗannan dabarun. M Holder, 'OECD and UN institutions demand green economic recovery from Covid-19' (5 June 2020) Business Green A watan Yuli na 2021, Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa kusan kashi 2% na kudin ceto tattalin arzikin duniya ne za su tsaftace makamashi. Bayanai na OECD sun nuna cewa kashi 17% ne kawai na kuɗin saka hannun jari na COVID-19 da aka ware don "murmurewa kore" har zuwa Maris 2021.

 Bayan Fage 
Tun juyin juya halin masana'antu, kona gawayi, man fetur da iskar gas ya saki miliyoyin tan na carbon dioxide, methane, da sauran iskar gas zuwa cikin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da dumamar yanayi. Zuwa shekarar 2020, matsakaicin zafin duniya ya karu da sama da 1 ° C tun daga matakin farko na masana'antu. Kwamitin Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya na Sauyin Yanayi ya lissafa cewa ci gaba da ƙona gawayi, man fetur, da iskar gas zai dumama duniya da tsakanin digiri 0.8 zuwa digiri 2.5, a kowane gigatonnes 1000 na ƙona carbon IPCC, ipcc.ch, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report (2014) 62 kuma akwai gigatonnes 2900 a cikin tabbatar reserves. C McGlade and P Ekins, ‘The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2oC’ (2015) 517 Nature 187, Figure 1 Don haka kona wani yanki na gawayi, man fetur, da iskar gas zai haifar da dumamar yanayin duniya wanda ba a iya sarrafa shi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona, da kuma taron ɓarna na taro na 6. A karshen shekarar 2019, an sami karuwar aukuwar gobarar daji a Ostiraliya, gandun dajin Amazon a Brazil, da gandun daji na Arctic a Rasha, F Pearce, ‘Long Shaped By Fire, Australia Enters a Perilous New Era’ (16 January 2020) YaleEnvironment360 da kuma karuwar hadarin guguwa a Amurka da Caribbean, da ambaliya. A cikin 2015, mafi yawan ƙasashe sun rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris da ke yin alƙawarin takaita fitar da hayaƙin carbon a duniya don hana hauhawar zafi sama da digiri 2, tare da burin iyakance yanayin zafi zuwa digiri 1.5. Masu fafutuka da 'yan siyasa, musamman matasa, sun zama masu ƙara faɗa a cikin neman " Green New Deal " a cikin Amurka, e.g. Bernie Sanders, Green New Deal. ko Juyin Masana'antu na Green a Burtaniya, See Green New Deal Group, A Green New Deal (July 2008) don kawo ƙarshen amfani da burbushin mai a cikin sufuri, makamashi. tsara, noma, gine -gine, da kuɗi. A ƙarshen 2019, EU ta ba da sanarwar Yarjejeniyar Green Green, duk da cewa an ce wannan ya yi nisa da burin kawo ƙarshen amfani da burbushin mai a cikin ƙungiyar nan da 2050. European Environmental Bureau, 'EU plans multi-billion euro ‘green recovery’ but falls short in crucial areas' (27 May 2020) eeb.org. Friends of the Earth Europe, 'EU Green Deal: fails to slam on the brakes' (11 December 2019)

A farkon 2020, cutar ta COVID-19 ta sa ƙasashe sun kulle tattalin arzikin su, don hana kamuwa da cuta da mutuwa daga yaduwar cutar. Wannan yana buƙatar kasuwancin da yawa su dakatar da aiki, yayin da mutane ke tafiya ƙasa da ƙasa, siyayya kaɗan, kuma suna zama a gida don yin ƙarin aiki. A yawancin ƙasashe wannan ya haifar da wasu asarar aiki, yayin da a Amurka, Ingila, da sauran ƙasashe masu ƙarancin haƙƙin aiki, an sami hauhawar hauhawar rashin aikin yi. Faduwar ayyukan tattalin arziki kuma ya haifar da faduwar iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli . S Evans, 'Analysis: Coronavirus set to cause largest ever annual fall in CO2 emissions' (9 April 2020) Carbon Brief. F Harvey, 'Steep fall in emissions during coronavirus is no cause for celebration' (19 May 2020) Guardian Wannan ya ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin kamfen su yi kira, kuma 'yan siyasa da gwamnatoci su yi alƙawarin, "murmurewa kore".

Yayin da aka shirya shirye -shirye da yawa na farfadowa don yaƙar matsalar tattalin arziƙi, muryoyin sun yi kira da a haɗa dabarun rage sauyin yanayi. Aiwatar da ƙa'idodin kore a cikin fakitin dawo da tallafi na ayyukan da ke haɓaka tsaka -tsakin carbon sun kasance manyan da'awa. Dangane da haka, an tsara “koren murmurewa” a matsayin dama maimakon raba nauyi, kamar yadda hanyar dawowar mai dorewa ba kawai tana haifar da ƙarancin gurɓataccen iska ba amma tana iya tallafawa ci gaban tattalin arziki da ɗorewa. A cikin jawabai na baya, an ƙirƙira waɗannan tasirin sakamako masu kyau kamar haɗin gwiwa . Dangane da IPCC, ana iya bayyana fa'idar haɗin gwiwa a matsayin: "sakamako mai kyau wanda manufa ko ma'auni da aka ƙulla da manufa ɗaya zai iya haifar da wasu manufofin, ba tare da la'akari da tasirin da ke tattare da jindadin jama'a gaba ɗaya". Matakai daban-daban na iya samun tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da yawa. Bayar da kuzari masu sabuntawa na iya haɓaka aikin yi da haɓaka masana'antu. Dangane da kasar da yanayin turawa, maye gurbin cibiyoyin samar da makamashin kwal da makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa na iya ninka ninki biyu na ayyuka ta kowane matsakaicin karfin MW. Bayan tasirin tattalin arziƙi, dabarun rage sauyin yanayi na iya haɓaka fa'idodin haɗin gwiwa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi. Tura kananan hanyoyin sadarwa na hasken rana na iya inganta hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki ga yankunan karkara da kuma maye gurbin makamashin da ke amfani da gawayi tare da sabbin abubuwan da za a iya sabuntawa na iya rage yawan mutuwar da ba a jima ba sakamakon gurbata iska.

 Bayar da shawarwarin kore 
Shawarwari don "murmurewa kore" sun bambanta sosai gwargwadon masu ba da shawara.

A cikin Amurka, gungun masana da masu fafutuka da ke aiki a manufofin canjin yanayi sun gabatar da "kore mai motsawa don sake gina tattalin arzikinmu" a cikin Maris 2020, wanda ya haɗa da shawarwari daga 'yan takara daban -daban a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Democrat na 2020 .  An gabatar da shawarar da aka gabatar a matsayin jerin manufofin da suka shafi filayen takwas, gidaje da kayayyakin more rayuwa na jama'a, sufuri, kwadago da masana'antun kore, samar da makamashi, abinci da aikin gona, muhalli da kore kayayyakin more rayuwa, manufofin kirkire -kirkire, da manufofin kasashen waje. An saita mafi ƙarancin matakin tallafinsa a kashi 4% na GDP na Amurka, ko kusan dala biliyan 850 a shekara, har zuwa nasarar cin nasarar cikakken ɓarna da rashin aikin yi a ƙasa da kashi 3.5%. 

A cikin Burtaniya, gwamnati ta ba da shawarar "murmurewa mai ɗorewa da jurewa," kuma ta ba da sanarwar fan miliyan uku don gina ginin a cikin Yuli. F Harvey, 'Treasury's 'green recovery' not enough, say campaigners' (7 July 2020)Guardian Sabanin haka, a farkon watan Yuli, wata kungiyar masana ilimi da tunani ta ba da shawarar "Dokar Mayar da Green" wacce za ta yi niyya a fannoni tara na gyaran doka, kan sufuri, samar da makamashi, aikin gona, burbushin halittu, ƙaramar hukuma, yarjejeniya ta ƙasa da ƙasa, kuɗi da gudanar da kamfanoni., aiki, da saka jari. Wannan yana da burin kafa ayyuka a kan dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da masu gudanar da aikin don kawo karshen amfani da duk kwal, man fetur da iskar gas "cikin sauri kamar yadda ake iya aiwatar da fasaha," tare da tsauraran matakai idan har yanzu babu sauran hanyoyin fasaha. E McGaughey, M Lawrence and Common Wealth, 'The Green Recovery Act 2020 ', proposed UK law on website, and pdf. See 'The Guardian view on a post-Covid-19 recovery: not much building back greener' (7 July 2020) Guardian, "Mr Johnson has talked of a “new deal” and he could take up the suggestion by the Common Wealth thinktank to legislate for a green recovery act to drive an economic revival with renewable energy at its core."

A watan Yuni na 2020, gwamnatin Jamus ta yi alƙawarin dawo da kore tare da tallafin € 40 biliyan (£ 36 biliyan ko dalar Amurka biliyan 45) a zaman wani ɓangare na shirin dawo da billion biliyan 130. JS Murray, 'Green Recovery: Germany unveils plans for €40bn climate spending surge' (4 June 2020) Business Green

A watan Yulin 2020 Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da babban asusu na farfadowa na billion 750 biliyan, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Next Generation EU (NGEU), don tallafawa kasashe membobin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta kashe. Babban burin sauyin yanayi na kashi 30% zai shafi jimlar kashe kuɗi daga NGEU bisa ƙa'idar yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta Paris . Special meeting of the European Council, 17-21 July 2020, paragraphs A21, 18 Retrieved 15 November 2020.

A watan Fabrairu na 2021, masu sharhi kamar Majalisar Dangantakar Ƙasashen waje sun lura cewa ban da manufofin sauyin yanayi da ake samu a Amurka ta hannun wanda ya lashe zaɓen farko na Democrat da Shugaba Joe Biden, sauran manyan ƙasashe masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki kamar China, Indiya, kuma Tarayyar Turai ta kuma fara "aiwatar da wasu manufofin da Green New Deal ta tsara."

A cikin bazara 2021, Biden ya gabatar da Tsarin Ayyukan Jojiya na Amurka da Tsarin Iyalan Amurka, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodin dawo da kore waɗanda suka haɗa da saka hannun jari a kamawa da adana carbon, makamashi mai tsafta, da Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Jama'a kwatankwacin Hukumar Kula da Jama'a . Shirye -shiryen sun sami suka daga masu ci gaba waɗanda ke kallon su da sauran manufofin canjin yanayi na Biden ba su da babban buri.

Sabuntawar Yuli 2021 ga Gargadin Masana Kimiyya na Duniya ga Bil Adama ya gano kashi 17% na kudaden saka hannun jari na COVID-19 wanda aka ba da rahoton cewa an raba su zuwa "murmurewa kore" tun daga Maris 2021 don rashin isa, yana mai gargadin cewa sabbin manufofin canjin yanayi yakamata su kasance na tsare-tsaren dawo da COVID-19, waɗanda su ma suna buƙatar tushen tushen tushen, maimakon alamu, tare da buƙatar canje-canje na tsarin sama da siyasa kuma nan da nan, raguwar iskar gas ɗin da za a fifita.

 Tattalin arziki 
Babban burin shi ne dawo da tattalin arziƙi da gyara lalacewar yanayi da muhalli a lokaci guda.

 Bayanan kula 

 E McGaughey, M Lawrence da Dukiyar Al'umma, ' The Green Recovery Act 2020  ', shawarar Burtaniya, da pdf
 Bernie Sanders, Shawarar Green New Deal ga Amurka
 Ƙungiyar Sabon Sabon Ƙungiyar, Sabon Sabon Yarjejeniyar ( Yuli 2008 )
 Green New Deal for Europe  (2019) Edition II, Gabatarwa ta Ann Pettifor da Bill McKibben

 Manazarta 
Category:Covid-19
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations