Takbir

Takbir (تَكْبِير, laƙabi [tak.biːr], "ɗaukaka [Allah]") shine jumlar larabci ʾAllāhu ʾakbaru (ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ, furta [ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.baru], ma'ana "Allah shine mafi girma".

Magana ce ta Larabci gama-gari, wanda Musulmai da Larabawa suka yi amfani da shi a fannoni daban -daban: a cikin Sallah (addu’a), a cikin Adhan (kiran Musulunci zuwa sallah), azaman bayanin bangaskiya na yau da kullum, a lokutan wahala ko farin ciki, ko don bayyana ƙuduri ko ƙeta.

Kiristocin Larabawa ma suna amfani da jumlar.

 Tafsiri 
Kalmar Larabci كَبِير (kabīr) tana nufin mai girma daga tushen Semitic k-b-r. Kalmar Larabci أَكْبَر (ʾakbar) ita ce sifar sifa (mafi girma) na sifar kabīr. Lokacin amfani dashi a cikin Takbīr galibi ana fassara shi mafi girma, amma wasu marubutan suna fassara shi mafi girma.E. W. Lane, Arabic English Lexicon, 1893, gives for kabir: "greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity, and more, or most, advanced in age, older, and oldest" (p. 2587) ."The formula, as the briefest expression of the absolute superiority of the One God, is used in Muslim life in different circumstances, in which the idea of God, His greatness and goodness is suggested." Wensinck, A. J. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. Brill, 2000. Volume 10, T-U, p. 119, Takbir. Kalmar Takbīr da kanta ita ce jigon kalma na II na tushen triliteral k-b-r, ma'ana "babba", daga abin da aka samo akbar "babba". Siffar Allāhu shine zababben Allah, ma'ana 'Allah'.Böwering, Gerhard, God and His Attributes, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān, Brill, 2007.Macdonald, D. B. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. Brill, 1971. Volume 3, H-Iram, p. 1093, Ilah.

 Amfani a cikin ayyukan addinin Musulunci 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allahoakbar_Vectorized.svg|left|thumb|Takubur cikin nastaʿlīq
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Takbir_of_prayer.jpg|left|thumb|Musulmi yana ɗaga hannuwansa biyu don karanta Takbari cikin sallah
Musulmai suna karanta wannan jumlar a yanayi daban -daban. Misali, lokacin da suke farin ciki sosai, don bayyana yarda, don hana Musulmi yin girman kai ta hanyar tunatar da su cewa Allah shine tushen nasarar su, a matsayin kukan yaƙi, ko lokacin matsanancin damuwa. Ba a samun jumlar a cikin Alƙur'ani, wanda ba ya nufin Allah a matsayin akbar, amma yana amfani da sunan al-Kabīr "Babban" ko Kabīr "Babban", wanda aka saba fassara shi da "Mafi Girma" (13: 9, 31:30) , 22:62, 34:23, 40:12, 4:34).

 Cikin sallah 
An faɗi jumlar a kowane matakin sallar biyu (sallolin farilla, ana yin su sau biyar a rana), da nafila (sallolin nafila, ana yin su yadda ake so). Kiran da musulmi yayi zuwa sallah (adhan) ta muezzin da fara sallah (iqama) shima yana dauke da jumlar.

Duk da cewa akwai gajerun addu'o'i kamarsa, yin amfani da takbi ya fi kowacce gajeriyar sallah.

 Bayan haihuwa da mutuwa 
Ana amfani da jumlar bayan haihuwar yaro a matsayin hanyar yabon Allah. Hakanan wani bangare ne na jana'izar Musulunci da al'adun jana'iza.

 Yayin Bukukuwan Idi da Aikin Hajji 
A lokacin bukukuwan Eid al-Adha da kwanakin da ke gabanta, Musulmai suna karanta Takbīr. Musamman abin da ya faru a ranar Arafah.

 A lokacin yanka dabbobi na halal 
Tsarin furta sunan Allah yayin yin Dhabihah dole ne mutum yace "Bismillah Allahu Akbar".

 Sauran amfanin zamantakewa 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:God_is_the_Greatest-Arabic-Desouk.jpg|thumb|333x333px|Allāhu akbar a cikin abin tunawa, Desouk, Misira
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imam_Ali_Shrine_-_1994.jpg|thumb|255x255px|"Allāhu akbar" a cikin rubutun larabci da aka gani akan ginin Masallacin Imam Ali (tsakiyar Iwan), 1994
Ana iya amfani da kalmar "Allahu Akbar" a yanayi daban -daban, daga bukukuwa zuwa lokutan baƙin ciki.

A cikin tarihin wani wanda ya kasance a wurin haihuwar Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr da kuma jana'izarsa, marubucin ya lura cewa an faɗi "Allahu Akbar" a lokuta biyu.

 A lokutan wahala 
A wasu lokuta ana amfani da kalmar a lokacin wahala.

Kafin Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 ya faɗa cikin daji kusa da Medan, Indonesia, matukin jirgin ya yi kururuwa "Aaaaaaah! Allāhu akbar" a cikin rediyonsa. Dangane da rubutacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta rediyo, tattaunawar matukin jirgin tare da mai sarrafa iska ya kasance cikin Ingilishi, amma kalmominsa na ƙarshe sune takbir yayin da jirgin ya faɗi a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1997, inda ya kashe mutane 234 da ke cikin hatsarin mafi muni a Indonesia. An yi zargin cewa wataƙila hatsarin ya faru ne saboda rashin daidaituwa ko gazawar injin injin turbin da hayaƙin da ke cikin gida ya haifar sakamakon gobarar daji.

 A lokutan farin ciki da godiya 
Ana iya amfani da Takbir don nuna farin ciki ko mamaki. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman tafi a cikin abubuwan addini, kamar bayan karatun Al -Qur'ani, kamar yadda ake ganin sauran nau'ikan tafi ba su dace ba.

Lokacin da aka gano Reshma Begum da rai kwanaki 17 bayan rushewar ginin Savar na 2013 a Bangladesh wanda ya kashe mutane 1129, taron jama'a sun yi kukan murna tare da fadin "Allāhu akbar" don nuna farin cikin su da godiya cewa ta tsira.

A matsayin jumla mai ma'ana iri-iri, wani lokaci masu sharhin kwallon kafa na Larabawa kan yi amfani da ita azaman abin mamaki, ko ma a matsayin waƙar ƙwallon ƙafa.

 A cikin fadace -fadace 
An yi amfani da shi a tarihi azaman kukan yaƙi yayin yaƙi.Ludwig W. Adamec, Historical Dictionary of Islam, Scarecrow Press, 2nd ed. 2009, pg. 32 Tarihin Ibn Ishaq na Mohammed ya ba da labarin aƙalla abubuwa biyu da aka yi amfani da jumlar a ciki.

"Lokacin da manzon ya kai hari kan mutane sai ya jira har gari ya waye. Idan ya ji kiran sallah 'sai ya ja da baya; idan bai ji ba ya kai hari. Mun zo Khaybar da dare, kuma manzon ya kwana a can; kuma lokacin da gari ya waye bai ji kiran sallah ba, 'don haka ya hau muka hau tare da shi, ni kuma na hau bayan Abii Talba da kafafuna na taba kafafar manzo. Mun sadu da ma'aikatan Khaybar suna fitowa da safe da kwandunansu da kwanduna. Lokacin da suka ga manzon da runduna sai suka yi kira, `` Muhammadu da ƙarfinsa, '' suka juya wutsiya suka gudu. Manzon ya ce, 'Allahu akbar! An lalata Khaybar. Lokacin da muka isa dandalin mutane mugun safiya ne ga waɗanda aka yi wa gargaɗi. '"(Shafi na 511)" Don haka sai ya sauka daga kan dokinsa ya zo wurinsa sannan Ali ya ci gaba da garkuwarsa. `` Amr ya yi nufin busa wanda ya yanke cikin garkuwar sosai har takuba ta makale a ciki ta buga kansa. Amma Ali ya yi masa rauni a jijiya a gindin wuyansa sai ya fadi kasa. Ƙura ta tashi sai manzon ya ji kukan, 'Allahu Akbar' kuma ya san cewa Ali ya kashe shi. "(Shafi na 456)Life of Mohammed [سيرة رسول الله] by Ibn Ishaq, translated by Alfred Guillaume, Oxford University Press, 1955, 17th printing, Karachi, 2004 https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume

 Zanga -zanga 
A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979, an yi ihu daga saman bene a Iran a cikin maraice a matsayin wani nau'in zanga -zanga. Wannan al'ada ta dawo a cikin zanga -zangar zaben shugaban kasar Iran na 2009,Yahoo News  wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da sakamakon zaben.

 Amfani da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da 'yan ta'adda 
A wasu lokutan ana amfani da jumlar azaman kukan yaƙi na masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Musulmi. Sauran Musulmai sun yi tir da wannan amfani.

Farfesa Khaled A. Beydoun ya rubuta cewa danganta kalmar da "Allah Akbar" tare da ta'addanci ta ƙara kazancewa ta kafofin yaɗa labarai da talabijin. Ya yi nuni da cewa fina -finan almara da wasan kwaikwayon suma suna amfani da shi azaman wasan kwaikwayo na fim wanda ke ƙara haɓaka ƙungiyar.

 Amfani da Kiristoci 
Har ila yau kalmar tana amfani da Kiristocin da ke magana da Larabci; Ana fassara “Allah” da “Allah” da Larabci. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan jumlar a cikin yanayin liturgical tsakanin Kiristocin Orthodox na Falasdinawa, kuma Archbishop na Sebastia, Theodosios ya kare shi.

 A tutoci 
An rubuta jimlar Allāhu akbar a tsakiyar tutar Iraki, sau 22 a kan iyakokin farar fata ta tsakiya akan tutar Iran.

 Iraq 
A lokacin yakin Gulf a watan Janairun 1991, Saddam Hussein ya gudanar da taro tare da manyan kwamandojin soji, inda aka yanke shawarar ƙara kalmomin Allāhu akbar (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kukan yaƙin Musulunci) a cikin tutar Iraki don haɓaka martabar addininsa na mulkinsa, yana jefa kansa a matsayin shugaban sojojin musulunci. Hussein ya bayyana tutar a matsayin "tutar jihadi da tauhidi".

A cikin 2004, Majalisar Mulkin Iraki da Amurka ta zaɓa ta amince da sabon tutar Iraki wanda ya watsar da alamomin mulkin Husaini, kamar kalmomin Allāhu akbar. Amma a cikin watan Janairun 2008, majalisar dokokin Iraki ta zartar da dokar sauya tutar ta hanyar barin cikin jumla, amma canza kiran rubutun kalmomin Allāhu akbar, wanda ya kasance kwafin rubutun Hussein, zuwa rubutun Kufic.Abdul-Zahra, Qassim, "Iraqi Lawmakers Vote to Change Flag," USA Today, January 22, 2008, accessed February 9, 2010   Tutar Iraqi karkashin Husain tana da kowanne daga cikin kalmomin biyu na jumlar da aka rubuta a ɗaya daga cikin sarari tsakanin taurari akan ƙungiya ta tsakiya; tutar 2008, yayin barin kalmar a ciki, tana cire taurari.

 Sauran ƙasashe 
An rubuta jumlar Allāhu akbar a kan tutar Iran, kamar yadda doka ta 18 ta kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ta buƙata. Wannan jimlar ta bayyana sau 22 a tutar.Jacoby, Jeff, "Is Israel a Jewish State?", The Boston Globe, November 14, 2007, accessed February 11, 2010 

Tsarin mulkin Afghanistan wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2004, ya buƙaci a rubuta Allāhu akbar a kan tutar Afghanistan.[ McCarthy, Andrew C., "Cold Comfort on Islam and Apostasy; No one who’s actually read the Afghan constitution should be surprised by the Abdul Rahman case", National Review, March 27, 2006, accessed February 11, 2010]

Yunƙurin gwagwarmaya da yaƙi mulkin Biritaniya a Waziristan, Pakistan, wanda Riv ke jagoranta a cikin 1930s, ya yi amfani da jan tutar da ke ɗauke da Allāhu akbar cikin fararen haruffa.

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