Mosasaurus

Mosasaurus, wani dadadden kungiyar na cikin ruwa squamate dabbobi masu rarrafe. Yana rayu daga game da 82 zuwa 66 da miliyan shekaru da suka wuce a lokacin da Campanian da Maastrichtian saukarwa daga Late Cretaceous. An gano burbushin Mosasaurus na farko da aka sani da kimiyya a matsayin kokon kai a cikin dutse na alli kusa da garin Maastricht na kasar Holland a karshen karni na 18, wanda da farko ake zaton kasusuwan kada ko dabbobin ruwa. Skaya daga cikin kwanyar da aka gano a kusa da 1780, wanda Faransa ta kwace a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa don ƙimar kimarta, an shahara da "babban dabba na Maastricht".https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxkdnBzcGFsZW98Z3g6NzMyMmYyZDM2ZGE0MWE5MA 

 Tarihi 
A shekara ta 1808, masanin halitta Georges Cuvier ya kammala cewa mallakar wata katuwar ruwan teku ce mai kamanceceniya don sa ido kan kadangare amma in ba haka ba sabanin kowane sanannen dabba mai rai. Wannan ra'ayi ya kasance juyin-juya hali a lokacin kuma ya taimaka wajen tallafawa ra'ayoyin ɓarna na lokacin. Koyaya, Cuvier bai sanya sunan kimiyya ga sabuwar dabba ba; William Daniel Conybeare ya yi wannan a cikin 1822 lokacin da ya sanya masa suna Mosasaurus dangane da asalin sa a cikin burbushin burbushin da ke kusa da Kogin Meuse. Haƙiƙanin alaƙar Mosasaurus a matsayin ɗan ƙanƙara ya ci gaba da zama mai kawo rigima, kuma masana kimiyya na ci gaba da yin muhawara ko dangin da ke kusa da su suna sa ido kan macizai ko macizai.
Fassarar gargajiya ta kiyasta matsakaicin tsawon mafi girman nau'in, M. hoffmannii, ya kai 17.1 metres (56ft), yana mai da shi daya daga cikin manyan masallatai. Kwanyar Mosasaurus sanye take da jaws masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke iya juyawa da baya da tsokoki masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke iya cizo mai ƙarfi ta amfani da ɗimbin manyan hakora da aka tsara don yankan ganima. Gabobinsa guda huɗu an ƙera su zuwa keɓaɓɓun kekuna don jagorantar dabba a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Jelarsa ta yi tsawo kuma ta ƙare cikin lanƙwasawa ƙasa da ƙyalli mai kama da filafili. 

Mosasaurus ya kasance mai farauta wanda ke da kyakkyawan hangen nesa don rama rashin jin ƙanshinsa, da ƙima mai ƙarfi na rayuwa wanda ke nuna cewa yana da ƙima ("mai ɗumi-ɗumi"), daidaitawa kawai da ake samu a cikin masallaci tsakanin 'yan squamates. Akwai saɓani mai ɗimbin yawa a tsakanin nau'ikan da aka sani a yanzu a cikin Mosasaurus- daga M.hoffmannii mai ƙarfi zuwa ga siriri da maciji. Lemonnieri-amma ba a sani ba ganewar asali (bayanin rarrabe fasali) na nau'ikan nau'ikan M. hoffmannii ya kai ga rarrabuwa mai matsala na tarihi. Sakamakon haka, fiye da hamsin iri daban-daban an danganta su ga halittar a baya. Sake sake fasalin nau'in nau'in a cikin 2017 ya taimaka wajen magance batun harajin kuma ya tabbatar da aƙalla nau'ikan guda biyar su kasance cikin jinsi. Wasu nau'ikan guda biyar da har yanzu suna cikin Mosasaurus ana shirin sake tantance su a binciken da za a yi nan gaba.https://www.1limburg.nl/datum-vondst-mosasaurus-ontdekt-oktober-1778|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307171343/https://www.1limburg.nl/datum-vondst-mosasaurus-ontdekt-oktober-1778|archive-date=March
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