Haƙƙoƙin bayyana harshe

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Haƙƙoƙin bayyana harshe ko REL harshe ne mai sarrafa na'ura da ake amfani da shi don bayyana haƙƙin mallaka (kamar haƙƙin mallaka) da sauran sharuɗɗan amfani da abun cikin Magana. Ana iya amfani da RELs azaman maganganu na tsaye (watau metadata da ake amfani da ita don bincike, bin diddigin dacewa) ko cikin tsarin DRM .

Ana iya bayyana RELs a cikin yaren inji (kamar XML, RDF, RDF Schema, da JSON). Ko da yake ana iya sarrafa RELs kai tsaye, ana kuma iya saduwa da su idan an saka su azaman metadata a cikin wasu takardu, kamar littattafan eBooks, hoto, fayilolin odiyo ko bidiyo.

 Sanannen RELs 
Fitattun RELs sun haɗa da:

 ccREL
 Tsarin RDF wanda aikin Creative Commons ke amfani dashi don bayyana lasisin su .  
 Hakanan GNU Project ya karɓi wannan ƙamus ɗin don bayyana Babban Lasisin Jama'a (GPL) a cikin sigar da za a iya karantawa na inji.  

 W3C Buɗe Harshen Haƙƙin Dijital ODRL
 W3C Izini da Maganar Wajibi (POE) Ƙungiyar Aiki ta haɓaka shawarwarin ODRL don bayyana izini da bayanan wajibai don abun ciki na dijital. 
 Samfurin Bayani na W3C ODRL yana ba da tsari don mahimman ra'ayoyi, ƙungiyoyi, da alaƙa waɗanda suka samar da tushen tushe don tarukan tarukan maganganun ODRL. Manufar Samfurin Bayanin ODRL shine don tallafawa sassauƙan maganganun Manufofi ta hanyar kyale marubucin ya haɗa da yawa, ko kaɗan, cikakkun bayanai game da sharuɗɗa da sharuɗɗan amfani da kadari, ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa, da wajibai. 
 Kamus na W3C ODRL & Bayyanawa yana bayyana yuwuwar kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin maganganun Manufofin ODRL da yadda ake tsara su. Sharuɗɗan sun zama wani ɓangare na ODRL Ontology kuma suna tsara ilimin tarukan. Faɗin tsarin ƙamus a cikin ƙamus yana ba da tallafi ga Kuma al'ummomi don amfani da ODRL a matsayin harshe na farko don bayyana shari'o'in amfani gama gari. 

 XrML
 XrML ya fara da aiki a Xerox a cikin  shekarar 1990s. XrML.org Bayan wucewa ta da dama iri da ayyuka daban-daban, daga baya ya kafa tushen REL ga MPEG-21 . 

 MPEG-21
 Sashe na 5 na wannan MPEG misali hada da wani REL. 

 METSRrights
 METSRights wani tsari ne na tsawaitawa zuwa ma'aunin metadata na METS .  

 Amfani da REL 
Ayyukan REL shine ayyana lasisi, da kuma siffanta waɗannan lasisin dangane da izini ko hani waɗanda suke nuni ga yadda za'a iya amfani da abun a ciki mai alaƙa.

"Lasisi" a nan na iya nufin ko dai:

 "sanannen lasisi", kamar GFDL, Lasisin Apache ko Creative Commons CC-by-sa-3.0 da dai sauransu.
 Lasisin da aka riga aka ayyana wanda yake kamar waɗannan, amma ba sananne sosai ba. Misalai zasu zama lasisin “shrinkwrap” na mallakar mallaka.
 Takamammen lasisi wanda aka ƙirƙira tare da ɗaiɗaikun sharuɗɗa da sharuɗɗa, don abun ciki lasisi daga wannan ƙungiya zuwa wani.

 Sanannun lasisi 
Ana zaɓi amfani da sanannen lasisi galibi don sauƙi mara ma'ana: GFDL yana nufin iri ɗaya ko wanene ke amfani da shi. Yin amfani da lasisin da ke akwai kuma yana guje wa matsalolin yaɗuwar lasisi . Hakanan yana da amfani a yi amfani da irin wannan lasisin, da kuma bincika cewa aikin yana aiki da shi, ba tare da fahimtar cikakken bayani game da abin da ya kunsa ba. Sanin cewa "GFDL abin karɓa ne ga wannan aikin" da "Dukkan  waɗannan albarkatun da ke cikin wannan aikin suna amfani da GFDL" ya wadatar. A wannan ma'anar, sanannun lasisi hanya ce don guje wa buƙatar amfani da REL don yin ƙira da cikakkun bayanai na lasisi, sunansa kaɗai ya isa. 

Duk da wannan, REL na iya kasancewa da amfani tare da waɗannan lasisi. Yana ba da hanyar da za a iya sarrafa na'ura don gano lasisin da ake amfani da shi, guje wa batutuwan suna da yuwuwar shubuha tsakanin "Lasisi na Apache" ko "Lasisi har 2.0 Apache". Marubutan waɗannan lasisin kuma suna buƙatar hanyar bayyana bayanan cikin su.

 lasisin da aka rigaya ya bayyana 
Waɗannan suna kama da sanannun lasisi, domin an ayyana su kafin amfani da su kuma ana iya amfani da su a lokuta da yawa na lasisi. Bambancinsu shi ne kasancewar ba a san su ba, ya zama dole a bayyana abin da kowannen su ya kunsa, domin mai amfani zai iya haduwa da kowannen su a karon farko. REL yana ba da hanyoyin yin wannan.

Yin amfani da abun ciki mai lasisi a cikin aikin yanzu yana buƙatar kimanta bayanin, "Shin akwai wasu albarkatu a cikin wannan aikin wanda lasisinsa ya hana yanayin da aikin ke buƙata, ko yana buƙatar sharadi wanda aikin ba zai iya ba da izini ba?" . To amman Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da mahimmancin ikon rarraba kwafin aikin daga baya, ko kuma sharadi don tantancewa akan allon fantsama wanda ƙila ba za a yarda da wasu ayyukan ba.

A cikin buɗaɗɗen software na haɓakawa, ya zama ruwan dare ga ayyuka don ƙirƙirar lasisin nasu a ƙarƙashin sunan aikin nasu, amma don cikakkun bayanai na wannan lasisin ya zama kwafin tukunyar jirgi daga sanannen lasisi, ko ma nuni ga wannan lasisi. Make Your Open Source Software GPL-Compatible. Or Else., D. Wheeler (2014) REL yakamata ya goyi bayan wannan, yana ba da hanyar lasisi don fayyace su ta hanyar rarraba lasisin da ke akwai da yuwuwar canza halayensu. Yawancin waɗannan lasisin sun fi lasisin banza, Kuma kodayake sauran ayyukan dogaro dole ne su sami damar yin aiki tare da su. 

 Takamaiman lasisi 
Waɗannan lasisi ne waɗanda aka ƙirƙira kamar yadda ake buƙata, don takamaiman yanki na abun ciki, ko takamaiman masu amfani da ƙarshen. Yawancin lokaci ana yin hakan ne domin su sami takamaiman sharuɗɗan amfani da aka makala a kansu, kamar kwanakin ƙarewa. Kodayake waɗannan lasisin na iya dogara ne akan madaidaicin tukunyar jirgi, kowannensu na musamman ne. Nuna musu da suna ba zai iya aiki ba saboda babu guda ɗaya, tsayayye suna. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da REL don bayyana kowane ɗaya dangane da kaddarorin sa.

Misalai na iya haɗawa da kwangilar ƙayyadaddun lokaci don kallon wasanni na TV na wata ɗaya, kamar yadda kwangilar da ke gudana ta biya, da kuma kallon wannan a cikin gida amma ba don nuna shi a cikin gidan jama'a ba.

 Tsarin REL 
A jerin gwano na iya amfani da ƙirar ƙirar ƙimar-iri, kamar yadda RDF, don tsara bayanin ƙirar haƙƙin mallaka. Irin wannan samfurin  yana bayyana kansa azaman lissafin:

 Ƙungiyoyi
 Kankare "abubuwa" ko "classes", misali:

 Aiki / Kadari

 Abun da ake ba da lasisi.

 Lasisi

 Lasin, musamman lokacin da wannan shine ko dai “sanannen lasisi” (inda Ayyuka da yawa za su yi amfani da lasisi mai kama da ƙima, kamar GFDL )
 ko kuma misalin a takamaiman lasisi, kamar haƙƙin sake kunna abun ciki wanda mai amfani ɗaya ya saya.

 Ƙarshen-mai amfani/Ƙungiyoyi

 Hanya ce ta gano ƙarshen mai amfani, lokacin da lasisin takamaiman kwangila ne tare da mutum ɗaya ko jiki, da kuma ƙungiyar masu ba da lasisi.

 Hukunci

 Ba kasafai aka bayyana a sarari ba, amma muhimmiyar cancanta lokacin da akwai bambance-bambancen doka na gida a cikin dokar IP .

 Halaye
 "Properties", ko sassan kowane ɗayan waɗannan Abubuwan, misali don lasisi:

 ƙuntatawa

 Ayyukan da aka halatta, ko haramun

 Wasu RELs  sun raba waɗannan ƙuntatawa zuwa ƙungiyoyi, saboda ƙima ga kowane ɗayan gaba ɗaya sashe ne na gaba ɗaya (ayyukan da za a iya hana su wani lokaci ba sa zama dole ba)

 izini
 haramta
 bukatu/ wajibai (ko ayyuka)

 Darajoji
 Ƙimar waɗannan kaddarorin, daga ƙamus da aka riga aka ayyana, misali 'Yanci huɗu :

 Amfani da Aiki
 Karatu da gyaggyarawa Aikin
 Ana sake rarraba kwafi
 Ana sake rarraba kwafi da aka gyara
 Buga kadari

REL tana fayyace jerin mambobi ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku, da alaƙar da aka halatta a tsakanin su. A cikin misalin da ke sama ana iya samun ra'ayoyi na Lasisi, izini da sake rarraba kwafin . Sannan Kuma  Hakanan ana iya samun alaƙar, Lasisi na iya bayyana hani, kuma ana iya ba da izini daban don sake rarraba kwafin .

Ana iya yin bayani ta amfani da REL (waɗannan za su kasance a wajen REL kanta) kamar:Wannan yana bayyana sabon lasisi mai ƙima, kuma wanda ke ba da izinin sake rarraba kwafi. Ayyuka na iya amfani da wannan Lasisi ta hanyar komawa gare shi,<p>This web page is licensed under <a rel="license" href="http://example.org/licenses/distribution/" 
  >FooCo's Distribution Permitted Licence</a>. Lura cewa ko da yake an bayyana wannan hasashen lasisin "An halatta Rarrabawa" ta amfani da Creative Commons REL, ba lasisin Ƙirƙirar Commons ba ne. Yana amfani ne kawai da ra'ayoyin "Lasisi", "izni" da "Rarrabawa". Sai dai Ko da yake ba ɗaya daga cikin lasisin Ƙirƙirar Commons da aka ayyana ta wannan aikin ba, yana raba ainihin gama gari na waɗannan sharuɗɗan: "Rarraba" yana da ma'ana ɗaya daidai da ma'anar shari'a a tsakanin su.

Misalin W3C ODRL da ke ƙasa yana nuna Yarjejeniya (Lasisi) daga ƙungiyar masu ba da izini don kadari wanda mutum ɗaya zai iya Nunawa (mai amfani), da kuma wani don Buga kadarar.{
  "@context": {
  "odrl": "http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/"
  },
  "@type": "odrl:Agreement",
  "@id": "http://example.com/policy:4444",
  "target": "http://example.com/asset:5555",
   "assigner": "http://example.com/MyPix:55",
  "permission": [{
    "assignee": "http://example.com/guest:0001",
    "action": "odrl:display"
  }],
  "permission": [{
    "assignee": "http://example.com/guest:0002",
    "action": "odrl:print"
  }]
} 

 Yin aiki tsakanin lasisi 
Ƙara sha'awar mashups da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa yana haifar da buƙatar haɗa abun ciki, da kuma fasahar ba da lasisi wanda zai iya tallafawa wannan.

Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce haɗa abun ciki kawai a ƙarƙashin sanannun lasisi ɗaya. Wannan yana da wuce gona da iri ko da yake, kuma yawancin lasisi masu jituwa na iya ba da izinin haɗa abun cikin su . Duk da haka yana da wahala a yanke hukunci akan wannan, ko an ba shi izini da kuma yadda ya kamata a ba da lasisin abun ciki na sakamakon.  Har ila yau ana iya samun tatsuniyoyi lokacin da akwai buƙatu masu ruɓani ko al'amurran da suka shafi Kwafi. Musamman Creative Commons 'sanannen-sharealike' da 'sanannen-ba kasuwanci-sharealike' ba su dace ba. See Creative Commons#Criticism   

Haɗa lasisi ya fi sauƙi idan duk lasisin da abin ya shafa ana iya bayyana su ta hanyar REL iri ɗaya. A wannan yanayin yana da sauƙin ganin lokacin da izini ko hani ya shafi idan sun yi aƙalla shafi ma'anar "Rarrabawa". Misali a bayyane na wannan shine lasisin Creative Commons, inda dangin lasisi duk an ayyana su cikin sharuddan REL iri ɗaya .

Ko da an bayyana lasisi daban-daban ta asali ta hanyar REL daban-daban, yana iya yiwuwa a sake yin rikodin lasisi lokaci guda a cikin wani REL da aka raba, Kuma yana mai da su kwatankwacinsu. An bayyana GPL kwanan nan a cikin ccREL, yana ba da wannan fa'ida.   Note that despite the suggestion of Introducing RDF for GNU Licenses, the benefit accrues because GPL is expressed in ccREL (and RDF), not merely in RDF. For licences to become comparable, the REL vocabularies must be shared, not merely the data model.

 Matsalolin aiki tsakanin lasisi 
Baya ga batutuwan buƙatu masu karo da juna (a sama), akwai kuma batutuwan fasaha wajen kwatanta lasisi. Yawancin waɗannan ana rage su idan ana iya amfani da REL iri ɗaya, koda kuwa lasisin ya bambanta.

 Harsuna 
Matsala ta yau da kullun tare da fassarar ma'anar kalma tsakanin tsarawa (kamar RELs) shine a tabbatar da cewa ma'anar kalmomi iri ɗaya ne. Kodayake gidan yanar gizo na ma'anar ya fara amfani da kayan aikin ontology kamar OWL don bayyana ma'ana, yanayin fasaha na REL na yanzu bai wuce wannan ba. Sauƙaƙan aiki, da yuwuwar ƙarar ƙara mai tsada in ba haka ba, yana nufin cewa ma'anar tarukan RELs dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya a sarari, ba wai kawai an faɗi hakan ta hanyar mai tunani ba.

Matsalolin yau da kullun suna cikin nuna daidaiton azuzuwan, kadarori da misalai . Ga RELs babbar matsala ita ce ga misalan, watau ma'anar ma'anar "Rarraba", "Share-alike" da dai sauransu. Azuzuwan da kaddarorin yawanci ra'ayoyi ne masu sauƙi kuma kama da juna. Ba duk RELs ke goyan bayan duk azuzuwan ba: wasu suna watsi da Hukunci ko ma mai amfani na ƙarshe, gwargwadon buƙatun kasuwar da aka haɓaka su baki ɗaya.

 Sharuɗɗan pre-shiru 
Matsalolin da ba a bayyana ba a kwatanta RELs ita ce lokacin da suke da tushe daban-daban.   Tushen yana bayyana sharuɗɗan lasisin lokacin da babu takamaiman bayanai da aka haɗa. Wasu RELs suna ɗaukar hanyar "Duk abin da ba a yarda ba haramun ne", wasu (kamar ccREL) Kuma suna amfani da Yarjejeniyar Berne azaman tushen su.

 Manazarta 

Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba