Karamokho Alfa

Ibrahima Musa Sambeghu wanda aka sani da Karamokho Alfa ko Alfa Ibrahim (ya mutu a shekara ta 1751) ya kasance shugaban addinin Fula wanda ya jagoranci jihadi wanda ya samar da imamancin Futa Jallon a cikin yankin da ake kira Guinea yanzu. Wannan shine farkon farkon jihadin Fulbe wanda ya kafa jihohin musulmai a Afirka ta Yamma. Alfa Ba, mahaifin Karamoko Alfa, ya kafa gamayyar kungiyoyin Musulmi na Fulbe kuma ya yi kira da a yi jihadi a shekarar 1725, amma ya mutu kafin fara gwagwarmayar. An kaddamar da jihadin ne a wajajen shekarar 1726-1727. Bayan gagarumar nasara, kammala nasara a Talansan, an kafa jihar a taron tara malamai na Fulbe waɗanda kowannensu ke wakiltar ɗayan lardunan Futa Jallon. Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi shugaban jihadi. A karkashin jagorancin sa, Futa Jallon ya zama kasar musulmai ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Duk da wannan, sauran ulama takwas sun takura wa Karamokho Alfa. Wasu daga cikin sauran Malamai suna da iko fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai nadin Timbo; saboda wannan dalilin sabuwar jihar koyaushe kungiyar hadin kai ce. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance.Abubuwan da ke ciki 1 Bayan Fage 2 Jihadi 3 Sarki 4 Gado 5 Duba kuma 6 Bayanan kula da nassoshi

Bayan Fage
Futa Jallon yanki ne mai tsauni inda kogunan Senegal da Gambiya suka hau biyu zuwa uku  karni na goma sha biyar shanu sun mamaye manoman Susu da Yalunka. A wannan lokacin, makiyayan Fulbe sun fara kaura zuwa yankin, suna kiwo da dabbobinsu a plateaux. Da farko sun aminta da matsayi na lumana zuwa ga Susu da Yalunka. hudu Al’ummomin Fulbe da na Mandé sun yi cakuduwa da juna har zuwa wani lokaci, kuma wanda ya fi zama a cikin Fulbe din ya zo ya yi wa ‘yan uwansu makiyaya kallon raini. biyar Turawa sun fara kafa ofisoshin kasuwanci a gefen tekun Guinea na sama a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, suna ƙarfafa haɓakar fata da fata da bayi. Makiyayan Fulbe sun fadada garkensu domin biyan bukatar fata. Sun fara gasa ƙasa tare da masu noma, kuma suka zama masu sha'awar cinikin bayi mai riba. hudu  Abokan kasuwancinsu musulmai sun kara rinjayi su shida A cikin rubu'in karshe na karni na goma sha bakwai mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi na Zawāyā Nasir al-Din ya ƙaddamar da jihadi don dawo da tsabtar kiyaye addini a yankin Futa Toro zuwa arewa. Ya sami goyon baya daga dangin malamai na Torodbe a kan mayaƙan, amma a shekarar 1677 an ci nasara da motsi. shida  Wasu daga cikin Torodbe sun yi hijira kudu zuwa Bundu wasu kuma sun ci gaba zuwa Futa Jallon. bakwai Torodbe, dangin Fulbe na Futa Jallon, sun tasirantu da su zuwa ga rungumar wani nau'in addinin Islama mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi.

Jihadi
Karamokho Alfa yana cikin GuineaKaramokho Alfa Karamokho Alfa babban birnin Timbo a cikin Guinea ta zamani. An kaddamar da jihadi a wajajen shekarar 1726 ko shekarar 1727.Wannan motsi ya kasance da farko na addini, kuma shugabanninsa sun hada da Mandé da Fulbe marabouts.Jihadin ya kuma jawo hankalin wasu Fulbe wadanda ba Musulmi ba, wadanda suka danganta shi ba kawai ga Musulunci ba amma tare da 'yancin Fulbe daga yin biyayya ga mutanen Mandé. Wasu Fulbe wadanda ba musulmi ba da shugabannin Yalunka wadanda ba musulmi ba sun yi adawa da shi

A bisa ga al'adar, Ibrahim Sori ya fara yakin ne a shekarar 1727 ta hanyar lalata takobin da Yalunka yake yi da takobinsa.Daga nan sai masu jihadi suka sami babbar nasara a Talansan.Rukunin musulmai sun ci karfin wanda ba musulmi ba sau goma, suka kashe da yawa daga masu adawa da su.Bayan wannan nasarar an kafa jihar a taron malamai na Fulbe tara wadanda kowannensu ke wakiltar daya daga cikin lardunan Futa Jallon.Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, ba shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban jihadi.Ya dauki lakabin almami, ko kuma "imami". Karkashin jagorancinsa Futa Jallon ya zama kasar Musulmi ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa.
Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a kusan shekarar 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance.

Sarauta
Sauran Ulama takwas ne suka takura wa Karamokho Alfa, kowannensu yana mulkin lardinsa, ko diwal. Tsarin sabuwar jihar Fulbe yana da almami a kanta, Karamokho Alfa shi ne na farko, tare da siyasarsa babban birni a Timbo.  Koyaya, wasu daga cikin sauran Malaman sunada karfi fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai narkar da Timbo. Babban birnin addini ya kasance a Fugumba, inda majalisar mashawarta ta zauna. Majalisar tayi aiki a matsayin karfinta na karfin almami, kuma ulama ta rike ikon cin gashin kanta da yawa, saboda haka sabuwar jihar koyaushe ta kasance tarayyar da take kwance. Karamokho Alfa ya shahara da karantarwar addinin Islama da tsoron Allah. Ya girmama haƙƙin tsofaffin "masanan ƙasa", yana mai cewa "Allah ne ya kafa su." Duk da wannan hukuncin, limamai sun tanadi damar sake sanya filaye, tunda sun rike ta amana ne ga mutane. A zahiri wadanda suka mallaki kadarorin ba a raba su da muhallansu ba, amma yanzu sun bayar da Zakka a matsayin kudin haya.  Karamoko Alfa ya mulki kasar ta tsarin mulki har zuwa 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ta sa shi ya kasance cikin rashin nutsuwa da tunani kuma aka zabi Sori a matsayin shugaba na zahiri. 

Legacy
Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance.  An zabi Ibrahim Sori Mawdo bayan gazawar Alfa Saliu, dan Karamoko Alfa, wanda ya yi karami sosai.Ibrahim Sori babban kwamandan sojoji ne wanda ya fara jerin yaƙe-yaƙe. Bayan shekaru da yawa na rikici, Ibrahim Sori ya sami gagarumar nasara a shekarar 1776 wanda ya karfafa ikon kasar Fulbe. Jihadi ya cimma burinta kuma Ibrahim Sori ya zama almami. A ƙarƙashin Ibrahima Sori an sayar da bayi don samun kayan yaƙi da ake buƙata don yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan an dauke shi karbabbe matukar dai bayi ba musulmai ba ne.  Jihadin ya samar da wadatattun bayi daga al’ummomin da suka sha kashi wanda watakila ya samar da dalilin ci gaba da yakoki.  Ajin mulki na Fulbe ya zama masu wadata bayi da kuma dillalan bayi. An kafa kauyukan bayi, wadanda mazaunansu ke ba da abinci ga iyayen gidansu na Fulba don cinyewa ko sayarwa.  Ya zuwa shekarar 2013 Fulbe sun kasance mafi yawan kabilu a Guinea da kashi 40% na yawan jama'a, bayan Malinke (30%) da Susu (20%).Jihadi a Futa Jallon ya biyo bayan jihadi a Futa Toro tsakanin 1769 da 1776 wanda Sileymaani Baal ya jagoranta. Wanda ya fi girma a cikin jihadin Fulani ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malamin nan Usman dan Fodio kuma ya kafa Khalifanci na Sakkwato a cikin 1808, ya fadada zuwa inda yake a yanzu arewacin Najeriya. An kafa kasar Masina ta Fulbe a kudancin Timbuktu a 1818. [Yara a ƙauyen Doucky da ke Futa Jallon a cikin 2005
Karamokho Alfa ya zama ana tunaninsa a matsayin waliyi. An ba da labari game da mu'ujiza da ta faru fiye da shekaru ɗari bayan mutuwarsa. Shugaban Ouassoulounké, Kondé Buraima, ya buɗe kabarin Karamokho Alfa ya yanke hannun hagu na gawar. Jini ya zubo daga yanke wuyan hannu, wanda ya sa Kondé Buraima ya gudu da tsoro.

Duba kuma

Bayanan kula da nassoshi: BAn ba Ibrahima Sambeghu sunan "Karamokho Alfa" a matsayin shi na babba. "Karamokho" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Mandinka kuma "Alfa" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Fula. Shugabannin Fulbe diwe sun yi amfani da taken "Alfa", ko "malami". Karamokho Alfa shine Alfa na Timbo Diwal.  Lardunan su ne Labé, Buriya, Timbi, Kebaali, Kollade, Koyin, Fugumba da Fode Haaji. Kakanin Ibrahima Sambeghu Mamadou Moktar Bari yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Fode Seri shi ne kakannin Seriyanke na Fougumba, Fode Seidi shi ne kakan Seidiyanke na Timbo. Jikan Fode Seidi Alfa Kikala shi ne kakan Almami Sory da Karamoko Alfa

Bayani: Isichei 1997, p. 301. Ruthven 2006, shafi na. 264. Haggett 2002, shafi na. 2316. Grey 1975, shafi na. 207. Willis 1979, shafi na. 25. Grey 1975, shafi na. 205. Grey 1975, shafi na. 206. Ndukwe 1996, p. 48. Amanat & Bernhardsson 2002, p. 244. Ogot 1992, p. 289. Grey 1975, shafi na. 208. Alford 1977, shafi na. 4. Adam 1988, p. 244. Rashedi 2009, p. 38. Ogot 1992, p. 291. Agusta 2010, p. 346. Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977, p. 365. Lapidus 2002, shafi na. 418. Gomez 2002, shafi na. 72. Ogot 1992, p. 292. BA NA. Kwamitin Al'adu 1999, p. 331. Grey 1975, shafi na. 209. Willis 1979, shafi na. 28. Derman & Derman 1973, p. 20. Harrison 2003, p. 68. Thornton 1998, p. 315-316. AFRIKA :: GUINEA - CIA. Stanton et al. 2012, shafi. 148. Sanneh 1997, p

Majiya:Adamu, Mahadi (1988-11-01). Makiyaya na Savanna Afirka ta Yamma. Jami'ar Jami'ar Manchester. ISBN 978-0-7190-2248-7. An dawo da 2013-02-11."AFRIKA :: GUINEA". CIA. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Alford, Terry (1977). Yarima Cikin Bayi. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. shafi na. 4. ISBN 978-0-19-504223-8. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Amanat, Abbas; Bernhardsson, Magnus T. (2002-02-09). Tunanin Endarshen: Wahayin wahayi daga Tsohon Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Amurka ta zamani. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-724-6. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Derman, William; Derman, Louise (1973). Ma'aikatan Serfs Socialst. Jami'ar California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01728-3. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gomez, Michael A. (2002-07-04). Pragmatism a cikin Zamanin Jihad: Preasar Mulkin Bundu. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-52847-4. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gray, Richard (1975-09-18). Tarihin Cambridge na Afirka. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Haggett, Bitrus (2002). Encyclopedia na Duniyar Duniya. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-7306-0. An dawo da 2013-03-04.
Harrison, Christopher (2003-09-18). Faransa da Islama a Afirka ta Yamma, 1860-1960. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 68. ISBN 978-0-521-54112-1. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977-04-21). Tarihin Cambridge na Islama :. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Isichei, Elizabeth (1997-04-13). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Afirka har zuwa 1870. Cambridge University Press. shafi na. 301. ISBN 978-0-521-45599-2. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Lapidus, Ira M. (2002-08-22). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Islama. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 418. ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Ndukwe, Pat I. (1996). Fulani. Rosungiyar enabi'ar Rosen. shafi na. 48. ISBN 978-0-8239-1982-6. An dawo da 2013-02-10

Ogot, Betwell Allan (2010). História Geral da África - Vol. V - África do século XVI ao XVIII. UNESCO. shafi na. 346. ISBN 978-85-7652-127-3. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Rashedi, Khorram (Janairu 2009). Histoire du Fouta-Djallon. Harmattan. shafi na. 38. ISBN 978-2-296-21852-9. An dawo da 2013-02-11.
Ruthven, Malise (2006-02-24). Musulunci a Duniya. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. ISBN 978-0-19-977039-7. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Sanneh, Lamin O. (1997). Kambi da rawani: Musulmai da Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Littattafai na asali. ISBN 978-0-8133-3058-7. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Stanton, Andrea L.; Ramsamy, Edward; Seybolt, Peter J.; Elliott, Carolyn M. (2012-01-05). Al'adu na Zamani na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Asiya, da Afirka: An Encyclopedia. SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4129-8176-7. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Thornton, John (1998-04-28). Afirka da 'yan Afirka a cikin Yin duniyar Atlantic, 1400-1800. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-62724-5. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Al'adun UN Comité de (1999-01-01). Histoire générale de l'Afrique.: Juzu'i na V, L'Afrique du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-201711-6. An dawo da 2013-02-10.
Willis, John Ralph (1979). Nazarin Tarihin Musulunci na Afirka ta Yamma. Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-1737-4. An dawo da 2013-02-10.

Manazarta