Muhalli, Lafiya da kariya

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Muhalli, kiwon lafiya, da Kariya da turanci kuma (Environmental Health and Safety), kalma ce ta tsarin dake nazari da aiwatar da abubuwan da suka dace na kare muhalli da kiyaye lafiya da aminci aiki.https://www.rfi.fr/ha/shirye-shirye/muhallinka-rayuwarka/20210523-illolin-da-leda-ke-haifar-wa-muhalli A cikin saukakkiyar magana shi ne abin da kungiyoyin dole su yi don tabbatar da cewa ayyukan su ba su cutar da kowa ba. Yawancin lokaci, inganci - tabbacin inganci da kulawa mai kyau - an haɗa shi don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar kamfanin da aka sani da (HSQE)

Daga maganar kariya, ya haɗa da ƙirƙirar tsararren ƙoƙarin da matakai don gano hatsarin wuraren aiki da rage hatsari da haɗawa da halaye da abubuwa masu cutarwa. Hakan nan ya haɗa da horar da ma'aikata kan rigakafin haɗari, amsar haɗari, shirye-shiryen gaggawa, da yin amfani da rigar sanyi masu kariya da kayan aiki.

Ingantaccen lafiya a zuciya yakamata ya sami cigaba mai aminci, inganci,https://www.rfi.fr/ha/shirye-shirye/muhallinka-rayuwarka/20210523-illolin-da-leda-ke-haifar-wa-muhalli da kuma lamuran muhalli, ayyukan aiki da ayyukan tsari waɗanda ke hana ko rage hatsarin cutarwa ga mutane gaba ɗaya, masu aiki, ko marasa lafiya.

Daga mahanga ta muhalli, ya haɗa da ƙirƙirar tsari na tsaro don bin ƙa'idodin na muhalli, kamar gudanar da sharar gida ko hayaƙin iska, duk hanyar taimakawa da ta shafi raage sawun ƙarancin kamfanin.

Abubuwan buƙatu, ƙa'ida suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin horo na Tsaftan muhalli kuma dole ne manajan EHS su gano da kuma fahimtar ƙa'idodin EHS masu dacewa, waɗanda kuma dole ne a sanar da abubuwan da ke tattare da su ga gudanarwar zartarwa don haka kamfanin zai iya aiwatar da matakan da suka dacehttps://www.ekoetiket.com/ha/ekoloji/ekolojik-cevre/. Ungiyoyi masu tushe a Amurka suna ƙarƙashin dokokin EHS a cikin Ka'idodin Dokokin Tarayya, musamman CFR 29, 40, da 49. Duk da haka, gudanar da EHS ba'a iyakance ga bin doka ba kuma yakamata a karfafa kamfanoni suyi fiye da yadda doka ta buƙata, idan ya dace. 

 Wasu sunaye. 
Duk da mahimmancin halayen waɗannan al’amuran, cibiyoyi daban-daban da marubuta sun ba da alamar kalmomin daban. Shirye-shiryen HSE masu nasara sun haɗa da matakan magance kula da yanayin aiko, ingancin iska, da sauran fannoni na amincin wurin aiki waɗanda zasu iya shafar lafiyar da jin daɗin ma'aikata da sauran alumma. Wani mai binciken ya canza shi kamar SHE a 1996, yayin da yake bincika tunanin ingancin mutum dangane da matsayin rayuwa wanda dole ne ya biyo baya fiye da kiwon lafiya ..... [kamar yadda yake a cikin tsarin SHEQ, .... mahimmancin muhalli har zuwa 'lafiyar mutane a matsayin abin la'akari' '.  Dalilin shi ne saboda "Farkon Tsaro" an kira shi don ƙaddamar da sauya al'adun kiyaye zaman lafiya na ƙasashe.  Inganci shine "dacewa da manufa", Joseph M Juran, Joseph Defeo. Juran's Quality Handbook: The Complete Guide to Performance Excellence, Mcgraw Hill, 2000 kuma in ba tare da wannan ba kowane ɗaya daga cikin  aiki zai iya zama banza.

Bayan ESH, SHE, HSE, SHEQ, ana amfani da wasu karin kalmomi kaman haka  .
Kananan kalmomi Suna Rukuni OHS Kiwan lafiya da aminci Kiwan lafiya da aminci WHS Aiki lafiya da aminci Aiki lafiya da aminci  HSE Lafiya, aminci da muhalli Lafiya, aminci da muhalli EHS / EH&S Muhalli, lafiya da aminci TA Tsaro, lafiya da muhalli QHSE Inganci, lafiya, aminci, da muhalli Inganci, lafiya, aminci, da muhalli HSEQ Lafiya, aminci, muhalli da inganci HSSE Lafiya, aminci, tsaro da muhalli Lafiya, aminci, tsaro da muhalli QHSSE Inganci, lafiya, aminci, tsaro, da muhalli Inganci, lafiya, aminci, tsaro, da muhalli HSSEQ Lafiya, aminci, tsaro, muhalli, da inganci

 Hukumomin kula. 


 Masarautar Ingila 

 Lafiya da Tsaro Executive
 Hukumar Kula da Muhalli
 Authoritiesananan hukumomi

 Amurka 

 Tarayya / duniya
 Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Kula da Lafiya (OSHA)
 Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA)
 Hukumar Kula da Nukiliya (NRC)
 Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Kula da Lafiya (MSHA), da sauransu.
 Tarayyar Turai (Ka'idodin EU) - Lafiya da Tsaro A Dokar Aiki
 Ofishin Tsaro da Karfafa Muhalli (BSEE)
 Jiha
 Majalisar Tsaro da Lafiya ta Arewacin Carolina, Hukumar Kula da Nukiliya ta Massachusetts, da sauransu.
 Na gari
 Ma'aikatan kashe gobara na birni (binciken lambar gini)
 Hukumar Kula da Muhalli (EMA)

 Janar bangarori. 
Ka'idodin Muhalli, lafiya da Kariya sun ƙunshi nau'ikan keɓaɓɓe ga kowane masana'antu da waɗanda ke gaba ɗaya ga yawancin sassan masana'antu. Misalan janar rukuni da ƙananan rukuni sune:
1. Muhalli 1.1 Haɗar iska da yanayin iska mai kyau
1.2 Tanadin makamashi

1.3 Ruwa mai ƙazanta da yanayin ruwa mai kyau

1.4 Tanadin ruwa

1.5 Gudanar da kayan haɗari

1.6 Gudanar da shara

1.7 Surutu

1.8 Contasasshiyar ƙasa 2. Kiwan lafiya da aminci 2.1 Babban kayan aiki da aiki
2.2 Sadarwa da horo

2.3 Haɗarin jiki

2.4 Haɗarin haɗari

2.5 Hadarin halittu

2.6 Hadarin radiyo BG

2.7 Kayan aikin sirri (PPE)

2.8 Muhallin haɗari na musamman

2.9 Kulawa 3. Community lafiya da aminci 3.1 Ingancin ruwa da samuwar su
3.2 Tsarin lafiya na abubuwan more rayuwa

3.3 Rayuwa da lafiyar wuta (L&FS)

3.4 Tsaron hanya

3.5 Shigo da kayan haɗari

3.6 Rigakafin cututtuka

3.7 Shirye-shiryen gaggawa da martani 4. Ginawa da daina aiki 4.1 Muhalli
4.2 Kiwan lafiya da aminci

4.3 Lafiya da lafiyar al'umma

 Takamaiman rukunnai 

 Tarihi. 
Masana'antun sunadarai sun gabatar da tsarin gudanarwa na Muhalli, Lafiya da kariya na  farko a cikin 1985 a matsayin sakamako ga yawancin haɗarin haɗari (kamar bala'in Seveso na Yuli 1976 da bala'in Bhopal na Disamba 1984). Wannan yunƙurin na son rai a duk duniya, wanda ake kira " Kula da Hakki ", wanda Industryungiyar Masana'antu ta Kimiyyar Chemistry ta Kanada ta fara (a da can Canadianungiyar masu samar da sinadarai ta Kanada - CCPA), tana aiki a cikin ƙasashe kusan 50, tare da haɗin kai na tsakiya wanda Councilungiyar ofasashen Duniya na Chemicalungiyoyin Chemical (ICCA) suka samar. ). Ya ƙunshi fasali masu mahimmanci guda takwas waɗanda ke tabbatar da shuke-shuke da amincin samfura, lafiyar sana'a da kare muhalli, amma kuma suna ƙoƙarin nunawa ta hanyar kamfen- ƙirar hoto cewa masana'antar sunadarai suna aiki yadda ya kamata. Kasancewa wani yunƙuri na ICCA, an taƙaita shi zuwa masana'antar sinadarai.

Tun daga shekarar 1990s, hanyoyin gaba daya game da gudanar da EHS wanda zai iya dacewa da kowane irin ƙungiya sun bayyana a cikin ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya kamar: Ka'idodin Valdez, Sanyal, R. N. and J. S. Neves: 1991, 'The Valdez Principles: Implications for Corporate Social Responsibility', Journal of Business Ethics 10, 883- 890. waɗanda aka tsara don jagorantar da kimanta halayen kamfanoni game da yanayin.

 Tsarin Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa (EMAS), wanda Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta haɓaka a cikin 1993.
 ISO 14001, don kula da muhalli a cikin 1996
 ISO 45001, don kula da lafiyar ma'aikata da kiyaye lafiya a cikin 2018, wanda ya gabata daga OHSAS 18001 1999.

A shekara1998, Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Duniya ya kafa jagororin EHS.

 Misali. 
misali, ayyukan kungiyar lafiya, aminci da muhalli (HSE) na iya mai da hankali kan: 

 musayar sani game da lafiya, aminci da kuma mahalli na kayan
 inganta kyawawan ayyuka na aiki, kamar tattara kayan bayan-amfani don sake amfani da su

 Littattafai. 

 Gudanar da Aiki da Gudanar da Lafiya (Amurka) 
 Americanungiyar Injiniyan Tsaro ta Amurka
 Cibiyar Kanada don Kiwan lafiya da Tsaro na Aiki (CCOHS) 
 EHS A Yau 
 Tsaro + Mujallar Lafiya - Majalisar Tsaron Kasa 
 Jagoran Muhalli 
 EU-OSHA 
 ISHN 
 NIOSH 
 OH & S 

 Duba kuma. 

 Aiki na lafiya da lafiya
 Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa
 Robert W. Campbell Award, Kyauta don Businesswarewar Kasuwanci ta hanyar Gudanar da EHS.
 Injiniyan lafiya



 Hanyoyin haɗin waje. 

 NAEM, Firayim Minista don Gudanar da EHS: Menene EHS?
 Kamfanin Kuɗin Kuɗi na :asashen Duniya: Bankungiyar Bankin Duniya game da Mahalli, Kiwan lafiya, da Bayanin Tsaro 
 Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya don Gudanar da Muhalli
 Takardar shaidar tsaron aiki
 Manazarta. 
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations