Fafutukar haƙƙin kurame

alt=A drawing of the American Sign Language manual alphabet|thumb| Harsunan kurame muhimmin sashe ne na al'adun kurame. Ana nuna haruffa Harshen Alamar Amurka (ASL) anan.
Kungiyar kare hakkin kurame ta kunshi jerin kungiyoyin zamantakewa a cikin hakkin nauseous da kungiyoyin al'adu daban-daban wadanda ke karfafa kurame da masu wuyar ji don tura al'umma su dauki matsayi na girmamawa daidai gare su. Yarda da cewa wadanda suka kasance Kurame ko masu fama da ji suna da hakkin samun abubuwa iri daya kamar yadda masu ji suke jagorantar wannan motsi. Kuma ta kaddamar da tsarin ilmantarwa don koyar da masu jin Kurame yana daya daga cikin abubuwan farko na wannan motsi. Harshen kurame, da kuma dasa shuki, sun kuma yi tasiri mai yawa ga al'ummar Kurame. Wadannan duk sun kasance bangarorin da suka share hanya ga wadanda ke da Kura, wanda ya fara da kungiyar kare hakkin Kura.takasance tanah da nahi ancient sosoi 

 Ilimin kurma 

 Maganar baka 
Baka yana mai da hankali kan koyar da daliban kurame ta hanyoyin sadarwa ta baka maimakon harsunan kurame.

Akwai adawa mai karfi to a cikin al'ummomin kurame ga hanyar baka na koya wa kurame magana da karatun lebe tare da iyakance ko rashin amfani da yaren kurame a cikin aji. Hanyar da aka yi niyya don saukaka wa yara kurame su shiga cikin al'ummomin ji, amma ana jayayya game da fa'idodin koyo a irin wannan yanayi. Hakanan ana amfani da yaren kurame na tsakiya ga kurma kuma ana daukar kokarin iyakance amfani da shi azaman hari.

 Makarantun kurame 
Iyayen yara kurame kuma suna da damar tura yaransu makarantun kurame, inda ake koyar da karatun cikin Harshen Kurame na Amurka . Makaranta ta farko don ilimin kurame ita ce Mafaka ta Connecticut don Ilimi da Koyarwar Kurame da bebaye, duk wadda ta bude ranar 15 ga Afrilu, shekarata 1817.  Wannan cibiyar hadin gwiwa ce.  Daga baya an canza wa wannan makaranta suna zuwa Makarantar Kurame ta Amurka, kuma an ba ta kudin tarayya don kafa cibiyoyin kurame a cikin kasar.  Yawancin malamai a wadannan makarantu mata ne, saboda a cewar PBS da kuma binciken da aka yi na fim din ta hanyar idanu na kurame, sun fi dacewa da koyarwa saboda hakurin da ake yi don yin wani abu akai-akai.  An kafa Makarantar Kurame ta Amirka bisa tsarin ilmantarwa na Biritaniya ga kurame tare da koyarwa a batutuwan karatu, rubutu, tarihi, lissafi, da kuma nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki na gaba. 

Jami’ar Gallaudet ita ce jami’ar kurame tilo a duniya, wadda ke koyarwa cikin Harshen kurame na Amurka, da kuma inganta bincike da kuma littattafai ga al’ummar kurame.  Jami'ar Gallaudet ce ke da alhakin fadada ayyuka da ilimi ga kurame a kasashe masu tasowa a duniya, da kuma a Amurka. "Reviewing The Pioneering Roles Of Gallaudet University Alumni In Advancing Deaf Education And Services In Developing Countries: Insights And Challenges From Nigeria." American Annals Of The Deaf 2 (2015): 75. Project MUSE. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Mutane da yawa kurame sun zabi a koya musu a muhallin kurma don karatun matakin koleji. 

 Kurame Shugaban Kasa Yanzu 
Shugaban kurame na Jami’ar Gallaudet Yanzu dalibai, tare da goyon bayan tsofaffin dalibai, malamai, ma’aikata da abokai, Kuma duk sun nuna rashin amincewa da ci gaba da nadin da kwamitin amintattu ke yi na nadin shugabannin saurare a kan kwararrun dan takarar kurame a wata cibiyar da aka kafa don yi wa kurame hidima. I. Sarki Jordan ya kafa tarihi a shekarar 1988, inda ya zama shugaban kasa kurame na farko.

 Alkaluma na tarihi 
An sami mutane da yawa da suka sami ci gaba a cikin al'ummar kurame. Wadannan mutane duka sun kasance kurma ko ji. Kuma Kadan daga cikin sunayen da aka fi sani da su sun hada da: Alexander Graham Bell, wanda aka sani da kirkira wayar tarho amma ga Kurame, ana kallonsa a matsayin mugu;  Heather Whitestone, kurma ta farko Miss-America; Marlee Matlin, sanannen yar wasan kurma; Laurent Clerc, sanannen farfesa kurame; da Helen Keller, wacce aka fi sani da kurma makaho.

Duk da haka, wannan kananan mutane ne kawai wadanda suka sami ci gaba a cikin kurma.

 Wuraren jama'a 
Dokar nakasassu ta Amirka, wadda aka fi sani da ADA, ta yi tasiri sosai ga al'ummar kurame. A cikin shekarata 1990 ya kasance alamar kasa ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. ADA ta kasance babbar fa'ida ga masu taurin ji da kurame don taimaka musu su sami kowane fanni na rayuwa da mai ji yake da shi. ADA ta dauki mahimman ka'idoji a cikin wadannan dokoki kuma ta fadada su zuwa ga fa'idar rayuwar jama'ar Amurkawa. Ya haramta wariya a kusan kowane fanni na al’umma, ma’ana mutum yana buqatar sahihin dalili na kin hayar mai nakasa. Dokar ta ba da kariyar doka a cikin aiki (Title I), samun damar shiga jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi da sufuri na jama'a (Title II), masaukin jama'a (Title III) (dole ne su samar da mai fassara), da sadarwa (Title IV). (26) George HW Bush ya sanya hannu kan wannan aiki, kuma babu wani ramuwar gayya daga wannan. Bai magance matsalar wariya ba amma ya ba wa nakasassu kariya.

A cikin shekarar 1975 Majalisa ta gano cewa fiye da yara miliyan takwas ba sa samun daidaiton ilimi. Akwai wani kudirin doka da aka zartar don taimakawa wajen magance wannan matsala mai suna Dokokin Ilimin Nakasa (IDEA). An yi IDEA don "tabbatar da cewa duk yara masu nakasa sun sami damar samun ilimi kyauta, dacewa, ilimin jama'a wanda ke jaddada ilimi na musamman da kuma ayyuka masu dangantaka da aka tsara don biyan bukatunsu da shirya su don yin aiki da zaman kansu. Don tabbatar da cewa an kare hakkin yara masu nakasa da iyayensu. To Don taimaka wa jihohi, kananan hukumomi, hukumomin sabis na ilimi, da hukumomin tarayya don biyan kudin ilimi ga duk yara masu nakasa. Kuma a karshe don tantancewa da tabbatar da ingancin yunkurin ilmantar da yara masu nakasa.” (73) 

 motsin al'adun kurame 
Al'adar kurame al'ada ce da aka ayyana ta hanyar amfani da yaren kurame da yawancin al'adun al'adu da zamantakewa. 

 Cochlear implants 
A cikin al'ummar kurame, akwai adawa mai karfi ga yin amfani da na'urar dasa shuki da kuma wasu lokuta ma na'urorin ji da makamantansu. Wannan sau da yawa barata ne dangane da kin yarda da ra'ayi cewa kurma, a matsayin yanayin, wani abu ne da ke bukatar gyarawa . 

Wasu kuma na ganin cewa wannan fasaha ma tana yin barazana ga ci gaba da wanzuwar al’adun kurame, amma Kathryn Woodcock ta yi nuni da cewa, babbar barazana ce ga al’adun kurame, yin watsi da masu zuwa domin kawai sun ji, saboda iyayensu sun zabo musu dasa, Dan haka yasa saboda sun samu. sautin muhalli mai amfani, da dai sauransu .  Cochlear implants na iya inganta fahimtar sauti don dacewa da shigarwa, amma ba sa juyar da kurame, ko haifar da tsinkaye na yau da kullum na sautuna. Al'ummar kurame har yanzu sun dage cewa ba za a saka wa yaro abin dasa shuki ba har sai ya isa ya yanke shawara da kansa saboda abin da ya faru ba zai iya jurewa ba kuma zai iya haifar da ciwo, nadama, da kiyayya / ware.

 Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Al'adar kurame
 Harshen alamar
 Ilimin kurma
 Samfuran kurame
 Audism
 Kurame Shugaban Kasa Yanzu
 motsin hakkin nakasa
 Kurma

 Manazarta 

 Ci gaba da karatu 


Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba