Dokar gurbataccen mai na 1961

Dokar Gurbacewar Mai na 1961, 33 USC Babi na 20 §§ 1001-1011, kafa ma'anar shari'a da hani na bakin teku ga masana'antar ruwa ta Amurka. Dokar ta yi amfani da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa na rigakafin gurbacewar ruwa ta teku, a shekarata 1954.https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cm5lg4013pyo.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17534484245394&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fcm5lg4013pyo Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta samar da tanadi don sarrafa fitar da gurɓataccen mai daga jiragen ruwa a ttekun.ref

Majalisar dokokin Amurka ta 87 ta zartar da dokar S. 2187 kuma shugaban Amurka na 35 John F. Kennedy ya zartar a ranar 30 ga Agusta, shekarar 1961.

 Tarihi 
Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don hana gurɓacewar teku ta Oil (OILPOL) taron ƙasa da ƙasa ne da Burtaniya ta shirya a shekarata 1954. An yi taron a London, Ingila daga 26 ga Afrilu, shekarata 1954 zuwa 12 ga Mayu, shekarar 1954. An kira taron na ƙasa da ƙasa don amincewa da zubar da sharar da ke haifar da haɗari ga yanayin tekun . 

Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar teku ta hanyar mai, 1954 an rubuta ainihin rubutu cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci . An gyara yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta shekarun 1954 a 1962, 1969, da 1971.  

 Abubuwan da Dokar 
Dokar ta yi koyi da ka'idoji na gaba na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Kare Gurɓacewar Ruwa ta Oil, a shekarata 1954.

 Ma'anoni 

 Zubar da ruwa dangane da mai ko gauraya mai na nufin duk wani fitarwa ko tserewa ko yaya aka yi
 Man dizal mai nauyi yana nufin man dizal na ruwa, ban da waɗancan distillates wanda sama da kashi 50 cikin ɗari ta hanyar ƙarar ƙararrawa a yanayin zafin da bai wuce 340 ° C / 644 ° F lokacin da Societyungiyar Gwaji da Kayayyakin Amurka ta gwada daidaitaccen hanyar D158-53  
 Mile yana nufin mil mil na nautical mil na 
 Man yana nufin mai dawwama, kamar ɗanyen mai, man fetur, man dizal mai nauyi, da mai mai mai . Man da ke cikin cakuda mai bai wuce kashi ɗari a cikin kashi miliyan ɗaya na cakuda mai ba, kuma ba a ɗauka yana lalata saman teku.
 Yankunan da aka haramta suna nufin yankuna huɗu da aka zayyana da aka bayyana a matsayin yankunan Adriatic, yankunan Tekun Arewa, yankunan Atlantic, da yankin Ostiraliya.
 Jirgin ruwa yana nufin
 (I) jiragen ruwa na lokacin da ake amfani da su azaman mataimakan ruwa;
 (II) jiragen ruwa na ƙasa da tan ɗari biyar babban ton ;
 (III) jiragen ruwa na lokacin da ke tsunduma cikin masana'antar whaling ;
 (IV) jiragen ruwa a halin yanzu suna tafiya a cikin Manyan Tafkunan Arewacin Amirka da haɗin gwiwarsu da ruwan rafi har zuwa gabas zuwa ƙananan mafita na Lachine Canal Montreal a lardin Quebec, Kanada .
 Sakatare na nufin Sakataren Sojojin Amurka

 Haramcin Yanki 

 Yankunan Adriatic - A cikin Tekun Adriatic yankunan da aka haramta daga gabar tekun Italiya da Yugoslavia bi da bi za su kara  daga ƙasa, ban da tsibirin Vis kawai.
 Yankunan Tekun Arewa - Yankin Tekun Arewa zai tsawaita tsawon  daga gabar tekun kasashe masu zuwa:
 Belgium
 Denmark
 Tarayyar Jamus
 Netherlands
 Ƙasar Ingila ta Burtaniya da Arewacin Ireland
 amma bai wuce wurin da iyakar  yanki daga yammacin gabar tekun Jutland ya haɗu da iyakar kimanin  yanki daga bakin tekun Norway .
 Yankunan Atlantika - Yankin Atlantika za su kasance cikin layin da aka zana daga wani wuri akan Greenwich meridian  a arewa-arewa-gabas shugabanci daga Shetland Islands ; daga nan zuwa arewa tare da Greenwich Meridian zuwa latitude 64° arewa; daga nan zuwa yamma tare da 64th layi ɗaya zuwa longitude 10° yamma ( ; daga nan zuwa latitude 60° arewa, longitude 14° yamma ( ; daga nan zuwa latitude 54° 30' arewa, longitude 30° yamma ( ; daga nan zuwa latitude 44° 20' arewa, longitude 30° yamma ( ; daga nan zuwa latitude 48° arewa, longitude 14° yamma ( ; daga nan zuwa gabas tare da 48th a layi ɗaya zuwa wani wuri na tsaka-tsaki tare da  yankin bakin tekun Faransa .
 Yankin Ostiraliya - Yankin Ostiraliya zai tsawaita  daga bakin tekun Ostiraliya, sai dai daga arewa da yammacin bakin tekun Ostiraliya tsakanin ma'anar da ke gaban tsibirin Alhamis da ma'ana a bakin tekun yamma a 20 ° kudu latitude ( ).

 Littafin Rubutun Mai 

 A kowane jirgi a ɗauke da littafin tarihin mai . Idan irin wannan fitarwa ko kubucewar mai daga jirgin ruwa a yankin da aka haramta, za a ba da sanarwar sanya hannu a cikin littafin tarihin mai, jami'in ko jami'an da ke kula da ayyukan da abin ya shafa da kuma mai kula da jirgin, yanayi da dalilin fitar ko tserewa.

Littafin Rubutun Mai na Tankokin Mai Ranar Shiga I.) Yin ƙwanƙwasa da fitar da ballast daga tankunan dakon kaya Lambobin shaida na tanki(s) Nau'in mai da a baya ya ƙunsa a cikin tanki(s) Kwanan wata da wurin yin ƙwallo Kwanan wata da lokacin fitar da ruwan ballast Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi Kimanin adadin ruwan gurbataccen mai da aka canjawa wuri zuwa tanki(s) slop Lambobin shaida na tanki (s) slop II. ) Share tankunan dakon kaya Lambobin shaida na tanki(s) da aka goge Nau'in mai da a baya ya ƙunsa a cikin tanki(s) Lambobin shaida na tanki (s) wanda aka canjawa wuri wanki Kwanaki da lokutan tsaftacewa III. ) Matsawa a cikin tanki (s) da zubar da ruwa Lambobin shaida na tanki (s) slop Lokacin daidaitawa (a cikin sa'o'i) Kwanan wata da lokacin fitar ruwa Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi Kimanin adadin ragowar IV. ) Zubar da ruwa daga ragowar mai daga tankunan tanki (s) da sauran hanyoyin Kwanan wata da hanyar zubarwa Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi Madogararsa da ƙimanta yawa
Littafin Rubutun Mai Na Jiragen Ruwa Ban da Tankokin Mai Ranar Shiga I.) Yin wasa, ko tsaftacewa yayin tafiya, na tankunan mai Lambobin shaida na tanki(s) Nau'in mai da a baya ya ƙunsa a cikin tanki(s) Kwanan wata da wurin yin ƙwallo Kwanan wata da lokacin fitar da ballast ko ruwan wanka Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi Ko mai raba amfani: idan haka ne, ba da lokacin amfani Zubar da ragowar mai da aka ajiye akan jirgin II. ) Zubar da ragowar mai daga tankunan mai da sauran hanyoyin Kwanan wata da hanyar zubarwa Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi Madogararsa da ƙimanta yawa
Littafin Rubutun Mai na Duk Jirgin Ruwa Ranar Shiga Hatsari da sauran fitattun fitar da mai ko kubucewar mai Kwanan wata da lokacin faruwa Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi Kimanin adadi da nau'in mai Halin fitarwa ko tserewa da kuma maganganun gaba ɗaya

 Soke Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1961 
An soke dokar Amurka ta shekarar 1961 ta hanyar kafa dokar hana gurɓacewar ruwa daga jiragen ruwa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1980.

 Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Tankin ballast
 Fitar ruwan ballast da muhalli
 Tasirin muhalli na jigilar kaya
 Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Maritime ta Duniya
 MARPOL 73/78
 Kayan aikin lura da fitar da mai
 Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1924
 Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1973
 Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1990

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 









Category:Mai
Category:Muhalli
Category:Ruwa