Na'urar dake sarrafa zafi daga shara

Naúrar dawo da zafi na sharar gida (WHRU) shine mai musanya zafi mai dawo da makamashi wanda ke canja wurin zafi daga abubuwan sarrafawa a babban zafin jiki zuwa wani ɓangaren tsari don wasu dalilai, yawanci yana haɓaka aiki. WHRU kayan aiki ne da ke cikin haɗin kai. Kuma Za'a iya fitar da sharar da zafi daga tushe kamar iskar hayaki mai zafi daga janareta na dizal, tururi daga hasumiya mai sanyaya, ko ma sharar ruwa daga hanyoyin sanyaya kamar na sanyaya karfe.

 Raka'a dawo da zafi 
Zafin da aka samu a cikin iskar iskar iskar gas na matakai daban-daban ko ma daga magudanar ruwa na naúrar sanyaya za a iya amfani da ita don dumama gas mai shigowa. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don dawo da zafin datti.https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c72jkxr3ym2o.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17536002532944&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fc72jkxr3ym2o Kuma Yawancin tsire-tsire masu yin ƙarfe suna amfani da wannan tsari a matsayin hanyar tattalin arziki don haɓaka samar da shuka tare da ƙarancin man fetur. Sannan  Akwai raka'o'in dawo da kasuwanci daban-daban don canja wurin makamashi daga matsakaicin sararin samaniya zuwa ƙasa ɗaya: Heat Recovery Systems, D.A.Reay, E & F.N.Span, 1979

 Recuperators : Ana ba da wannan sunan ga nau'ikan musayar zafi daban-daban waɗanda iskar gas ɗin da ake ratsawa a ciki, sun ƙunshi bututun ƙarfe waɗanda ke ɗaukar iskar gas ɗin don haka sai a fara dumama iskar kafin shigar da aikin. Ƙunƙarar zafi misali ne wanda ke aiki akan ka'ida ɗaya da naúrar sanyaya iska .
 Regenerators : Wannan rukunin masana'antu ne wanda ke sake amfani da rafi iri ɗaya bayan sarrafawa. A cikin wannan nau'in farfadowa na zafi, ana sake farfado da zafi kuma a sake amfani da shi a cikin tsari.
 Canjin bututu mai zafi: Bututun zafi suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu sarrafa thermal. Suna da ikon canja wurin zafi sau ɗari fiye da jan karfe. An fi sanin bututun zafi a fasahar makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin masu tara bututun da aka kwashe . Ana amfani da bututu mai zafi a sararin samaniya, tsari ko dumama iska, a cikin sharar da zafi daga wani tsari da ake canjawa wuri zuwa kewaye saboda ta hanyar canja wurin .
 Thermal Wheel ko Rotary Heat Exchanger: ya ƙunshi madauwari madauwari na saƙar zuma na kayan da ke ɗaukar zafi, wanda a hankali ke jujjuya shi a cikin samarwa da rafukan iska na tsarin sarrafa iska.
 Tattalin Arziki : Idan akwai tukunyar jirgi mai sarrafawa, zubar da zafi a cikin iskar iskar gas yana wucewa tare da na'urar recupeter wanda ke ɗaukar ruwan shigar da tukunyar jirgi kuma don haka yana rage yawan kuzarin kuzarin ruwan shigar.
 Famfon zafi : Yin amfani da wani ruwa mai narkewa wanda ke tafasa a ƙananan zafin jiki yana nufin cewa makamashi na iya sake haɓakawa daga ruwan sharar gida.
 Gudu a kusa da coil : ya ƙunshi coils biyu ko fiye da yawa na lallausan lallausan layukan da aka haɗa da juna ta hanyar da'irar bututun mai famfo.
 Abubuwan tacewa (DPF) don ɗaukar hayaƙi ta hanyar kiyaye yanayin zafi mafi girma kusa da mai juyawa da bututun wutsiya don rage yawan hayaƙi daga shaye-shaye.

Na'urar busar da zafi mai ɗorewa (WHRB) ta bambanta da na'urar samar da tururi mai dawo da zafi ( HRSG ) a ma'anar cewa matsakaicin zafi ba ya canza lokaci.

 Zafin wutar lantarki 
Bisa ga rahoton da Energetics Incorporated ya yi don DOE a watan Nuwamba shekarata 2004 mai suna Technology Roadmap  da kuma wasu da dama da hukumar Turai ta yi, yawancin samar da makamashi daga al'ada da albarkatun da za a iya sabuntawa sun ɓace zuwa yanayi saboda wurin (rashin ingancin kayan aiki). da hasarar da aka yi a sanadiyyar sharar da zafin rana) da kuma asara (asara ta USB da taswirar wuta), wanda adadin ya kai kusan kashi 66% na asarar wutar lantarki.  Za'a iya samun ɓarkewar zafi na digiri daban-daban a cikin samfuran ƙarshe na wani tsari ko azaman samfuri a masana'antu kamar suttura a cikin masana'antar ƙera ƙarfe . Kuma Raka'a ko na'urorin da za su iya dawo da zafin sharar da kuma canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ana kiran su WHRUs ko zafi zuwa raka'a :

 Sashin sake zagayowar kwayoyin halitta (ORC) yana amfani da ruwan halitta azaman ruwan aiki . Ruwan yana da ƙarancin tafasawa fiye da ruwa don ƙyale shi ya tafasa a ƙananan zafin jiki, don samar da iskar gas mai zafi wanda zai iya fitar da ruwan turbine kuma ta haka ne janareta.
 Hakanan ana iya kiran raka'a Thermoelectric ( Sebeck, Peltier, Thomson effects) WHRU, tunda suna amfani da bambance-bambancen zafi tsakanin faranti biyu don samar da ikon kai tsaye (DC).
 Hakanan za'a iya amfani da alloys na ƙwaƙwalwar siffa don dawo da ƙarancin zafin sharar zafi da canza shi zuwa aikin injiniya ko wutar lantarki. 

 Aikace-aikace 

 A al'ada, zubar da zafi na ƙananan zafin jiki (0-120 °C, ko yawanci ƙasa da 100 °C) ba a yi amfani da wutar lantarki ba duk da kokarin da kamfanonin ORC suka yi, galibi saboda ingancin Carnot yana da ƙasa kaɗan (max. 18% don 90). °C dumama da 20 °C sanyaya, rage hasara, yawanci yana ƙarewa da kimanin 5-7% wutar lantarki).
 Sharar da zafi na matsakaici (100-650 °C) da girma (> 650 °C) Za a iya amfani da zafin jiki don samar da wutar lantarki ko aikin injiniya ta hanyoyin ɗaukar hoto daban-daban.
 Hakanan za'a iya amfani da tsarin dawo da zafi don cika buƙatun firiji na tirela (misali). Daidaitawa yana da sauƙi saboda kawai tukunyar jirgi mai dawo da zafi mai sharar gida da mai sanyaya ana buƙata. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan matsi da yanayin zafi ne kawai ake buƙatar kulawa.

 Amfani 
Tsarin dawowa zai kara dacewar tsarin kuma don haka rage farashin man fetur da makamashi da ake bukata don wannan tsari. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090401102235.htm Tapping Industrial Waste Heat Could Reduce Fossil Fuel Demands

 Amfanin kai tsaye 

 Rage gurbatar yanayi : gurɓataccen iska da iska za su ragu sosai tunda ƙarancin iskar hayaƙin hayaki mai zafi yana fitowa daga shuka tunda yawancin makamashin ana sake yin fa'ida.
 Rage girman kayan aiki: Yayin da yawan man fetur ke raguwa don haka sarrafawa da kayan tsaro don sarrafa mai suna raguwa. Hakanan, kayan aikin tacewa don iskar gas ba a buƙata a cikin manyan masu girma dabam.
 Rage yawan amfani da makamashi na taimako: Rage girman kayan aiki yana nufin wani raguwar makamashin da ake ba wa waɗannan tsarin kamar famfo, masu tacewa, magoya baya,...da sauransu. 

 Rashin hasara 

 Kudin babban birnin kasar don aiwatar da tsarin dawo da zafi na sharar zai iya fin fa'idar da aka samu a cikin zafin da aka dawo dashi. Wajibi ne a sanya farashi ga zafin da ake kashewa.
 Sau da yawa zafi sharar gida yana da ƙarancin inganci (zazzabi). Zai iya zama da wahala a yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi da ke ƙunshe a cikin matsakaicin zafi na sharar gida.
 Masu musayar zafi sun kasance sun fi girma don dawo da adadi mai yawa wanda ke ƙara yawan farashi.
 Kula da kayan aiki: Ƙarin kayan aiki yana buƙatar ƙarin farashin kulawa.
 Raka'a suna ƙara girma da taro zuwa naúrar wuta gabaɗaya. Musamman la'akari da raka'a ikon tafi-da-gidanka na motocin.

 Misalai 

 An ƙera Injin Waste Heat ɗin Cyclone don samar da wutar lantarki daga makamashin zafi da aka dawo da shi ta amfani da zagayowar tururi. 
 International Wastewater Heat Exchange Systems wani kamfani ne da ke magance tsarin dawo da zafin sharar. An mayar da hankali kan mazaunin raka'a da yawa, gine-ginen da aka raba a bainar jama'a, aikace-aikacen masana'antu da tsarin makamashi na gundumomi, tsarin su yana amfani da makamashi a cikin ruwan sharar gida don samar da ruwan zafi na cikin gida, ginin sararin samaniya da sanyaya. 
 Motorsport jerin Formula One ya gabatar da raka'a dawo da zafi a cikin shekarar 2014 a ƙarƙashin sunan MGU-H .

 Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Haɗin kai ko haɗin zafi da ƙarfi (CHP)
 Heat dawo da tururi janareta da Organic Rankine sake zagayowar
 Electric turbo fili
 Tsare-tsaren dawo da zafi mai zafi
 Thermal oxidizer
 Tsuntsaye bincike
 Shuka-zuwa-makamashi

 Manazarta