Zabid

Zabid (Larabci: زَبِيد) (wanda kuma aka fi sani da Zabīd, Zabeed da Zebid) birni ne, da ke da mazaunan birane kusan mutane 52,590 a gabar tekun Yaman ta yamma. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwa a Yemen, kuma ya kasance cibiyar UNESCO ta Duniya tun 1993; ko da yake, a cikin 2000, an sanya wurin a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin haɗari.

Babban Masallacin Zabid, wanda aka fi sani da Masallacin Asha'ir, wanda daya daga cikin mabiyan Muhammad Abu Musa Ashari ya gina a shekara ta 628 miladiyya. Garin shi ne babban birnin kasar Yemen daga karni na 13 zuwa na 15.

 Tarihi 
Garin, mai suna Wadi Zabid, wadi (ko kwari) a kudu, yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwa a Yemen. Abu Musa Ashari, daya daga cikin Sahabban Annabi Muhammad, ya fito ne daga Zabid, kuma an gina babban masallacin garin a shekara ta 628 miladiyya, wanda kuma har yanzu a zamanin Annabi. A bisa al'ada, wannan shi ne masallaci na 5 da aka gina a tarihin Musulunci. Wani sahabi; Shi ma Amru bin Ma’adi Yakrib ya fito daga Zabid kuma ya fito daga gidan Zubaid, kabilar Larabawa mai suna wannan gari. Zabid ta kasance hedkwatar kasar Yemen tun daga karni na 13 zuwa na 15, kuma cibiya ce ta kasashen larabawa da musulmi, saboda shahararriyar jami'ar Zabid da ta kasance cibiyar koyar da ilimin addinin musulunci. Ita ce babban birnin daular Ziyadid daga 819-1018 da kuma daular Najahid daga 1022-1158."Najahid Dynasty."  Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 14 April 2006.

A shekara ta 1067, a lokacin aikin hajji a Makka, dangin Banu Najah karkashin Sa'id Ibn Najah, yarima Zabid, suka far wa tawagar Ali da Asma bint Shihab, suka kashe Ali, suka kama Asmau. An tsare ta ne a wani gidan yari na sirri da ke Zabid, kuma rahotanni sun ce an dasa kan matar nata da aka yanke a kan wani sandar da ake gani a dakin da take ciki.Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The Forgotten Queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. . Bayan daurin shekara daya a gidan yari ta samu sakon danta da angonta dake garin Sa'ana, dan itama ya afkawa Zabid ya sako ta.

Wani Balarabe mai suna Ali ibn Mahdi al-Himyari, dan asalin tsaunukan Yaman ne ya kafa daular Mahdid a Tihama. Ibn Mahdi da mabiyansa sun kona gundumomi da dama a arewacin Zabid. Ya yi rantsuwa cewa zai mayar da Abyssiniyawa cikin bauta, ya kuma umarci mutanensa da su kashe kowa da kowa har da nakasassu. Saboda tsananin firgita mutanen Zabid suka nemi taimako daga Imam Zaidi Ahmed bn Sulayman akan al-Himyari. Limamin Zaidi ya ba da umarnin a kashe Fatiq III saboda zarginsa da luwadi. Imam Fatiq III ko dai Imam ne ya kashe shi, ko Mahdiya ko kuma sojojinsa. Da wannan waki’a ne daular bayi ta zo karshe kuma Mahdid suka karbe Zabid a shekara ta 1158.

Dakarun yarima Ayyubid Turan Shah sun mamaye mafi yawan kasar Yemen cikin sauri suka kwace Zabid a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1174.

Hadım Suleiman Pasha ya kara wa Ottoman ikon hada da Zabid a 1539. Zabid ya zama hedkwatar gudanarwa na Yemen Eyalet.
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mausoleum_syedna_Mohammad_Ejuddin.JPG|right|thumb|Kabarin Muhammad Ezzuddin, Zabeed, Yemen
Dawoodi Bohra dai Syedna Mohammad Ezzuddin shi ma ya isa Zabeed da niyyar zuwa aikin Hajji amma Zaidi ya sanya guba a cikin jirgin ruwa wanda hakan ya shafi Syedna Ezzuddin. Da ya san haka sai ya koma Zabid nan take ya rasu bayan ‘yan kwanaki. Kabarinsa kuma yana cikin Zabid.

A yau, duk da haka, Zabid yana kan iyakar ilimi da tattalin arziki na Yemen ta zamani.Eickelman, Dale F. "The Middle East and Central Asia." (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River: 2002)

 Labarin kasa 
Zabid tana da yawan jama'a a birane kusan mutane 52,590 a gabar tekun Yaman ta yamma.population of Zabid Hotunan Hotunan Zabid

 Gidan Tarihi na Duniya 
UNESCO ta ayyana Zabid a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya tun 1993. Babban Masallacin Zabid ya mamaye wani babban wuri a garin. Hakanan ana iya ziyartar wuraren jami'ar ta.

A cikin 2000, Zabid yana cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin haɗari; An yi jerin sunayen ne bisa umarnin gwamnatin Yaman saboda rashin kulawa da kiyayewa. A cewar wani rahoto na UNESCO, kusan "kusan 40% na gidajen birni an maye gurbinsu da gine-ginen siminti, kuma sauran gidaje da tsohuwar souk suna cikin lalacewa.UNESCO World Heritage Site in Danger 2000: Historic Town of Zabid Rubutun a matsayin wurin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, yana fuskantar yiwuwar asarar wannan babban matsayi.

 Tattalin Arziki 
Tun daga 1920, Zabid yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare biyu a cikin Arab wanda ke girma indigo. Zabid kuma yana noma da samar da auduga. Birtaniyya ta ambaci rigingimun kabilanci a matsayin dagula tattalin arzikin kasar a Zabid a farkon karni na 20.

 Hotuna 

 Manazarta 

Category:Biranen Yemen