Morinda citrifolia

Morinda Citrifolia itace mai ba da 'ya'ya a cikin dangin kofi , Rubiaceae . Yankinsa na asali ya kai ko'ina a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Australasia, kuma matuƙan jirgin ruwa na Polynesia sun bazu a cikin tekun Pacific.  A jinsin aka yanzu horar da a ko'ina cikin tropics da kuma yadu halittarsu .  Daga cikin sunaye dari 100 na 'ya'yan itacen a yankuna daban -daban akwai sunayen Ingilishi na yau da kullun na babban morinda, mulberry Indiya, noni, mulberry na bakin teku, da ' ya'yan cuku . 

Sabon 'ya'yan itacen mai ƙarfi, ƙamshi kamar amai ya sa ya zama abincin yunwa a yawancin yankuna, amma ya kasance babban abinci a tsakanin wasu al'adu, kuma an yi amfani da shi a maganin gargajiya . A cikin kasuwar mabukaci, an gabatar da shi azaman kari a cikin tsari daban -daban, kamar capsules, samfuran fata, da ruwan 'ya'yan itace .

 Girma wuraren zama 
Morinda citrifolia yana girma a cikin dazuzzuka masu duhu, da kuma kan duwatsu masu buɗewa ko yashi.  Yana kuma kai balaga a cikin kusan watanni sha takwas 18, sannan yana haifar tsakanin huɗu da takwas

 na 'ya'yan itace kowane wata cikin shekara. Shi ne m da Saline kasa, fari ga yanayi, da kuma sakandare kasa . Saboda haka a cikin wata fadi da dama habitats: volcanic terrains, lawa -strewn ƙasar, kuma clearings ko farar ƙasa outcrops, kazalika a coralline atolls .  Zai iya girma har zuwa tara  tsayi, kuma yana da manyan, masu sauƙi, koren duhu, ganye mai haske da ƙyalli.

Shuka tana ba da furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa duk shekara. 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace ne da yawa waɗanda ke da ƙanshin ƙanshi lokacin girma, saboda haka ne kuma aka sani da 'ya'yan cuku ko ma amai' ya'yan itace. Yana da sifa mai siffa kuma ya kai goma to sha takwas  girma. Da farko kore, 'ya'yan itacen yana juya launin rawaya sannan kusan farare yayin da yake balaga. Ya ƙunshi tsaba da yawa. 

Morinda citrifolia yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga saƙar tururuwa, waɗanda ke yin gida daga ganyen itacen.  Waɗannan tururuwa suna kare shuka daga wasu kwari masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ƙanshin 'ya'yan itacen kuma yana jan jemagu na' ya'yan itace, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen tarwatsa tsaba. Wani nau'in kumburin 'ya'yan itace, Drosophila sechellia, yana ciyarwa akan waɗannan' ya'yan itacen. 

 Amfaninshi 
An gabatar da abubuwan sha iri -iri (abin sha na ruwan 'ya'yan itace), foda (daga busasshen cikakke ko' ya'yan itacen da ba su gama bushewa ba), samfuran kwaskwarima (lotions, sabulu), mai (daga tsaba), foda ganye (don encapsulation ko kwaya) an shigar da su cikin kasuwar mabukaci. 

 Abinci 
Wani lokaci ana kiran Noni '' 'ya'yan itace na yunwa' ', yana nuna cewa ' yan asalin ƙasar suna amfani da shi azaman abinci na gaggawa a lokacin yunwa .  Duk da ƙanshinsa mai ƙarfi da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, duk da haka an ci 'ya'yan itacen azaman abincin yunwa,  kuma, a wasu Tsibirin Pacific, har ma a matsayin babban abinci, ko danye ko dafa shi.  'Yan Asiya ta Kudu maso Gabas da Aboriginals na Ostiraliya suna cin ɗanyen' ya'yan itacen da gishiri ko kuma dafa shi da curry . Cribb, A.B. & Cribb, J.W. (1975) Wild Food in Australia. Sydney: Collins. Tsaba suna cin abinci lokacin gasashe . A cikin kayan abinci na Thai, ana amfani da ganye (wanda aka sani da bai-yo ) azaman kayan lambu kore kuma sune babban sinadarin kaeng bai-yo, dafa shi da madarar kwakwa . Ana ƙara 'ya'yan itacen ( luk-yo ) azaman kayan salati ga wasu nau'ikan somtam .

 Maganin gargajiya 
Ana iya amfani da 'ya'yan itacen kore, ganye, da tushe ko rhizomes a cikin al'adun Polynesian azaman tonic gaba ɗaya, ban da wurin gargajiya a al'adun Polynesia azaman abincin yunwa.  Kodayake ana ganin Morinda yana da kaddarorin ilimin halittu a cikin maganin gargajiya, babu tabbataccen shaidar ingancin asibiti don kowane amfani da aka yi niyya.  A shekara ta  dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018, a Hawaiian manufacturer na noni abinci da kuma Skincare kayayyakin da aka bayar an FDA gargadi wasika ga sayar unapproved kwayoyi da kuma yin ƙarya kiwon lafiya da'awar a take hakkin da Amurka Abinci, Drug da Cosmetic dokar . 

 Dyes 
Daga cikin mutanen Austronesian, al'ada ana amfani da noni da farko don samar da launi . An kai shi cikin Tsibirin Pacific a matsayin tsirran kwale -kwale ta masu yawon shakatawa na Austronesia . Haushi na Morinda yana samar da fenti mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi wanda za a iya amfani da shi don yin batik . A Hawaii, ana fitar da fenti mai launin rawaya daga tushen sa zuwa zane mai launi.  

 Abubuwan gina jiki da phytochemicals 
Morinda citrifolia 'ya'yan itace foda ya ƙunshi carbohydrates da fiber na abinci a cikin matsakaici.  A bayyane yake waɗannan macronutrients suna zaune a cikin ɓawon 'ya'yan itacen, kamar yadda ruwan' ya'yan <i id="mwlQ">citrus na citrus</i> yana da ƙarancin abubuwan gina jiki.  Babban sinadarin micronutrients na M. citrifolia pulp powder sun hada da bitamin C, niacin (bitamin B 3 ), iron da potassium .  Vitamin A, alli da sodium suna cikin matsakaicin adadi. Lokacin da ake nazarin ruwan 'ya'yan citrus kawai kuma idan aka kwatanta shi da ɓawon burodi, bitamin C ne kawai ake riƙe Nelson, Scot C. (2006) "Nutritional Analysis of Hawaiian Noni (Pure Noni Fruit Juice)" The Noni Website. Retrieved 15-06-2009. a cikin adadin  talatin da hudu (34 MG a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace gram dari 100) wanda shine kashi kusa kashi sitting da hudu 64% na abin da ke cikin ruwan ɗigon ruwan ɗumi (53 MG da Dari 100 g ko kashi tamanin da Tara  89% na ƙimar yau da kullun ).  Sodium matakai a M. citrifolia ruwan 'ya'yan itace (game da kashi uku 3% na Abincin Reference ci, DRI) Nelson, Scot C. (2006) "Nutritional Analysis of Hawaiian Noni (Noni Fruit Powder)" The Noni Website. Retrieved 15-06-2009. an high idan aka kwatanta da wani orange, da kuma potassium abun ciki mai tsakaitãwa. 

'Ya'yan itacen Morinda citrifolia sun ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na phytochemicals, gami da lignans, oligo- da polysaccharides, flavonoids, iridoids, fatty acid, scopoletin, catechin, beta-sitosterol, damnacanthal, da alkaloids .  Ko da yake wadannan abubuwa an yi karatu ga bioactivity, bincike ne kasa a kammala da wani abu game da su effects a kan mutum kiwon lafiya. 

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