Haƙƙin dokar uwar duniya

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Dokar Haƙƙin Uwar Duniya ( Spanish   ) wata doka ce ta Bolivia ( Dokar 071 ta Plurinational State), wacce Majalisar Dokokin Plurinational ta Bolivia ta zartar a cikin Disamba shekarata 2010.   An samo wannan dokar labarin guda 10 daga ɓangaren farko na dogon daftarin doka, wanda Yarjejeniyar Haɗin kai ta tsara kuma ta fitar a watan Nuwamba shekarar 2010.

Doka ta bayyana Uwar Duniya a matsayin "batun gamayya na sha'awar jama'a," kuma ta bayyana duka Uwar Duniya da tsarin rayuwa (waɗanda suka haɗu da al'ummomin ɗan adam da yanayin muhalli) a matsayin masu mallakar haƙƙoƙin da aka kayyade a cikin doka. Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra , December 2010, article 5. Doka ta takaice ta yi shelar ƙirƙirar Defensoría de la Madre Tierra takwararta ga ofishin kare hakkin ɗan adam da aka sani da Defensoría del Pueblo, amma ya bar tsarinsa da ƙirƙirar ga doka ta gaba. Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra , December 2010, article 10.

An zartar da wani nau'in lissafin da ya fi tsayi da yawa a matsayin Tsare Tsaren Mulki na Uwar Duniya da Haɗin Kai don Rayuwa Lafiya ( Spanish   ; Dokar 300) ranar 15 ga Oktoba, shekarata shekarata 2012.

 Zuba jarin yanayi tare da hakki 
Doka ta bayyana Uwar Duniya a matsayin " .tsarin rayuwa mai kuzari wanda al'ummar da ba za a iya raba su ba na dukkan tsarin rayuwa da halittu masu rai wadanda ke da alaka da juna, masu dogaro da juna, da ma'amala, wadanda ke da makoma guda daya; ta kara da cewa "Uwar Duniya tana dauke da tsarki a cikinta. ra'ayin duniya na 'yan asali da al'ummomi. Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra , December 2010, article 3.

A wannan tsarin ana daukar 'yan adam da al'ummominsu a matsayin wani bangare na uwa duniya, ta hanyar hadewa cikin " Tsarin rayuwa " wanda aka ayyana da "...rikitattun al'ummomin tsirrai, dabbobi, kananan halittu da sauran halittu a muhallinsu, a cikin wanda al'ummomin ɗan adam da sauran yanayi suna hulɗa a matsayin ƙungiya mai aiki, ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin yanayi, physiographic da abubuwan geologic, da kuma ayyuka masu amfani da bambancin al'adu na Bolivia na duka jinsi, da kuma ra'ayoyin duniya na al'ummomi da al'ummomi na asali. al'ummomin tsakanin al'adu da kuma Afro-Bolivia. Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra , December 2010, article 4. Ana iya ganin wannan ma'anar a matsayin ƙarin ma'anar ma'anar halittu saboda ta haɗa da yanayin zamantakewa, da Kuma al'adu da tattalin arziki na al'ummomin ɗan adam.

Har ila yau, dokar ta kafa yanayin shari'a na Uwar Duniya a matsayin "batun gamayya na bukatun jama'a ",  Kuma don tabbatar da aiki da kare hakkinta. Ta hanyar baiwa Uwar Duniya halayya ta doka, zata iya, ta hanyar wakilanta (mutane), ta kawo wani mataki na kare hakkinta. Bugu da ƙari, faɗin cewa Uwar Duniya tana da muradin jama'a yana wakiltar babban sauyi daga hangen nesa na ɗan adam zuwa ƙarin hangen nesa na al'ummar Duniya. 

 Abun ciki 
Dokar ta lissafta takamaiman haƙƙoƙi guda bakwai waɗanda Uwar Duniya da tsarin rayuwarta, gami da al'ummomin ɗan adam, ke da hakki: Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra , December 2010, article 7.

 Zuwa rayuwa : Yana da haƙƙin kiyaye amincin tsarin rayuwa da tsarin dabi'a waɗanda ke ɗaukar su, da kuma iyawa da yanayi don sabunta su.
 Zuwa Bambance-bambancen Rayuwa : Yana da haƙƙin kiyaye bambance-bambance da nau'ikan halittu waɗanda suka haɗa da Uwar Duniya, ba tare da an canza su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta ba, kuma ba a canza su ta hanyar wucin gadi ba a cikin tsarin su, ta hanyar da ke barazanar wanzuwarsu, aiki da makomarsu. m
 Zuwa ruwa : Yana da haƙƙin kiyaye inganci da tsarin ruwa don kiyaye tsarin rayuwa da kariyarsu game da gurɓatacce, don sabunta rayuwar Uwar Duniya da duk abubuwan da ke tattare da su.
 Don tsaftace iska : Yana da hakkin kiyaye inganci da abun da ke ciki na iska don kiyaye tsarin rayuwa da kariyar su game da gurɓata, don sabunta rayuwar Uwar Duniya da dukan abubuwan da ke ciki.
 Don daidaitawa : Yana da haƙƙin kiyayewa ko maido da alaƙar juna, dogaro da juna, ikon daidaitawa da aiki na sassan Uwar Duniya, cikin daidaiton yanayi don ci gaba da zagayowarta da sabunta mahimman hanyoyinta.
 Don maidowa : Haƙƙi ne ga ingantaccen kuma dacewa maido da tsarin rayuwa wanda ayyukan ɗan adam ya shafa kai tsaye ko kai tsaye.
 Don rayuwa ba tare da gurɓata ba : Yana da haƙƙi don adana Uwar Duniya da duk wani abin da ke cikinta dangane da mai guba da sharar rediyo da ke haifar da ayyukan ɗan adam.

 Zayyanawa da tsarin doka 
Yarjejeniyar Haɗin kai (wanda ya tattara manyan ƴan asalin ƙasar Bolivia da ƙungiyoyin campesino ) sun tsara dogon juzu'in Doka tsakanin taron jama'ar duniya na Afrilu shekarata 2010 akan Canjin yanayi da 'yancin Uwar Duniya da Oktoba shekarar 2010, lokacin da suka gama sigar ƙarshe a cikin tare da wani kwamiti na Majalisar Dokoki ta Plurinational, Mataimakin Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Bolivia, da tawagar lauyoyi na ci gaban tsarin mulki daga ofishin mataimakin shugaban kasa.  Daga baya, an amince da gajeriyar juzu'i goma tare da Sanata Freddy Bersatti da Mataimakin Galo Silvestre, wanda Majalisar Dokoki za ta zartar a cikin Disamba shekarata 2010. An garzaya da gajeren sigar ta yadda shugaba Evo Morales ya gabatar da shi a taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekarata 2010 . 

Ana sa ran Majalisar za ta yi la'akari da Dokar Tsarin Mulki a cikin shekarar 2011,  amma ba. A cikin Fabrairun shekarata 2012, Sanata Eugenio Rojas, wanda ke jagorantar tawagar jam'iyyar, ya bayyana dokar a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka sa a gaba a cikin shekarar 2012.  An ƙaddamar da shi a watan Oktoba shekarata 2012.

 Gabatarwa 
Ana ɗaukar dokar a matsayin dokar muhalli ta farko ta ƙasa, ban da tanadin tsarin mulki na Ecuador na shakarata 2008, don amincewa da haƙƙin mahallin halitta.  Hakanan yana iya ba da damar 'yan ƙasa su kai ƙarar mutane da ƙungiyoyi a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Uwar Duniya" don mayar da martani ga haƙiƙanin keta haddin mutuncinta da ake zargi. Ya zuwa yanzu, duk da haka, tasirin wannan doka yana da iyaka. 

 Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Hakkokin dabbobi
 Cibiyar Dokar Duniya
 Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Duniya na Duniya da Haɗin Kai don Rayuwa Mai Kyau (majibin wannan dokar)
 Babban mutumcin biri
 Halin shari'a
 Pachamama
 Hakkokin shuka
 Hakkokin Halitta

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 ECOTERRA Intl. 

 Ci gaba da karatu 

 Rubutu (a cikin Mutanen Espanya) na Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra , Disamba 2010.
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