Sinima a Misra

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Sinima a Masar na nufin masana'antar fina-finai da ke ci gaba da bunƙasa a birnin Alkahira wanda aka sani da Hollywood na yankin MENA. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, babban birnin ƙasar ya gudanar da kuma bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta amince da shi .  Akwai kuma wasu bukukuwa guda 12. Daga cikin fina-finai sama da 4,000 gajere da tsayin daka da aka yi a yankin MENA tun daga shekara ta alif 1908, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na fina-finan Masar ne. Masar fina-finai suna yawanci magana a cikin kasar Masar Larabci yare.

 Tarihi 

 Farko 
An yi taƙaitaccen adadin fina-finan shiru wato marasa sauti a Masar tun daga shekara ta alif 1896; Laila ta shekara ta alif 1927, ta shahara a matsayin siffa mai cikakken tsayi ta farko. Masana'antar fina-finai ta Alkahira ta zama wani yanki na yanki tare da fitowar sauti. Tsakanin shekara ta alif 1930, zuwa shekara ta alif 1936, ƙananan ɗakunan studio daban-daban sun samar da aƙalla fina-finai 44. A cikin shekara ta alif 1936, Studio Misr, wanda masanin masana'antu Talaat Harb ya ba da kuɗi, ya fito a matsayin jagorar Masarawa daidai da manyan ɗakunan ɗaukar shiri na Hollywood, rawar da kamfanin ya riƙe tsawon shekaru talatin. Darwish, Mustafa, Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, shekara ta alif 1998, Pp. 12–13.

Masana tarihi sun yi saɓani wajen tantance farkon silima a Masar. Wasu sun ce a shekarar alif 1896, lokacin da aka fara kallon fim na farko a Masar, yayin da wasu suka fara daga ranar 20 ga watan Yunin, shekara ta alif 1907, tare da wani gajeren fim na Documentary game da ziyarar Khedive Abbas Hilmi na biyu a Cibiyar Mursi Abul-Abbas da ke Iskandariya. A cikin shekara ta alif 1917, darekta Mohammed Karim ya kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki a Alexandria. Kamfanin ya samar da fina-finai guda biyu: Matattu Flowers da Honor the Bedouin, wanda aka nuna a birnin Alexandria a farkon shekara ta alif 1918.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, fiye da fina-finai 4,000 ne aka shirya a Masar, kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimlar Larabawa. Ƙasar Masar ita ce kasa mafi albarka a yankin gabas ta tsakiya a fagen shirya fina-finai, kuma ƙasar da ta fi samun ci gaban tsarin yaɗa labarai.

 Zamanin Zinare 
Shekarun 1940, 1950 da 1960 galibi ana ɗaukar shekarun zinare na cinema na Masar. A cikin shekarun 1950, masana'antar silima ta Masar ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya.  Kamar yadda ake yi a Yamma, fina-finai sun mayar da martani ga sanannen hasashe, tare da faɗowa cikin nau'ikan da za a iya faɗi (ƙarar farin ciki shine al'ada), kuma yawancin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo suna yin sana'o'insu ba tare da buga sassa masu ƙarfi ba. A cikin kalmomin wani mai sukar, "Idan wani fim na Masar da aka yi niyya don shahararrun masu sauraro ba shi da wani daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ake bukata, ya zama cin amana na kwangilar da ba a rubuta ba tare da 'yan kallo, wanda sakamakonsa zai bayyana a cikin akwatin akwatin."

A cikin 1940,  ɗan kasuwa kuma mai fassara Anis Ebeid ya kafa "Anis Ebeid Films", a matsayin kamfani na farko na fassara fim a Masar da sauran Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana kawo ɗaruruwan fina-finan Amurka da na duniya zuwa Masar. Daga baya ya shiga harkar rarraba fina-finai shima. 

Sauye-sauyen siyasa a Masar bayan hamɓarar da Sarki Farouk a shekarar 1952 da farko ba su da wani tasiri a fim din Masar. Mulkin Nasser ya nemi iko a kan masana'antar ne kawai bayan ya koma tsarin gurguzu a 1961.  A shekarar 1966, an mayar da masana'antar fina-finan Masar ta zama kasa. Kamar yadda yake da kowane al'amura a wancan lokacin, ana iya samun ra'ayi mai ma'ana game da masana'antar silima a lokacin. A cikin kalmomin Ahmed Ramzi, babban mutum na zamanin, "ya tafi karnuka".  "Hannun gwamnati mai nauyi" wanda ke tare da ƙaddamar da fim ɗin Masar na ƙasa "ya hana sababbin abubuwan da suka faru kuma sun lalata ƙarfinsa". Farid, Samir, "Lights, camera... retrospection" Al-Ahram Weekly, December 30, 1999 Koyaya, yawancin fina-finan Masar 44 waɗanda ke cikin mafi kyawun jerin fina-finan Masar 100 na kowane lokaci an shirya su a lokacin. Sanannun lakabi sun haɗa da Daren Kidayar Shekaru, Tashar Alkahira , Mai Wasiƙa da Baya .

A shekarun 1970, fina-finan Masar sun daidaita tsakanin siyasa da nishaɗi. Fina-finai irin su Khalli Balak min Zouzou na 1972 ( Watch out for Zouzou ), wanda ke nuna "Cinderella of Arab cinema", Soad Hosny, ya nemi daidaita harkokin siyasa da masu sauraro. Zouzou ya haɗa kiɗa, raye-raye, da salon zamani cikin labarin da ya daidaita harabar ɗakin karatu tare da kiɗa da wasannin kwaikwayo na iyali. 

Fim ɗin Masar mai suna Al-Rida' al-Abyad ( The White Gown ) na Hassan Ramzi a shekarar 1975 ya fito ne a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1976, inda ya sayar 61 million a kasar. Wannan ya sa ya zama fim ɗin waje mafi girma da aka samu a cikin shekarar kuma fim na bakwai mafi girma na waje da aka taɓa samu a Tarayyar Soviet .   Wannan kuma ya sa ya zama fim ɗin Masar mafi girma a kowane lokaci, inda tallace-tallacen tikitin Soviet ya zarce tallace-tallacen tikitin duniya na duk sauran fina-finan Masar. 

 Lokacin canzawa 
A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980 masana’antar shirya fina-finan Masar ta yi ƙasa a gwiwa, tare da bunkasar abin da aka kira “fim ɗin kwangila”. Jarumi Khaled El Sawy ya bayyana wadannan a matsayin fina-finai "inda babu labari, babu wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samar da ingancin kowane nau'i ... fina-finai na asali wadanda ke da nufin yin kudi mai sauri." Yawan fina-finan da ake samarwa kuma ya ragu: daga kusan fina-finai 100 a shekara a fagen masana'antar zuwa kusan dozin a 1995. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin rani na 1997, lokacin da "Ismailia Rayeh Gayy" (fassara: Ismailia baya da gaba) ya girgiza masana'antar silima, yana jin daɗin nasara mara misaltuwa da riba mai yawa ga furodusoshi, gabatar da Mohamed Fouad ( shahararren mawaki) da Mohamed Henedi, sannan ya yi fice. Jarumin da ba a san shi ba wanda daga baya ya zama tauraron barkwanci na daya. Bisa nasarar wannan fim ɗin, an fitar da fina-finan barkwanci da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

 Yanzu 
Tun daga shekarun 1990, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar ya tafi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ƙananan fina-finai na fasaha suna jan hankalin wasu ƙasashen duniya, amma ba sa halarta a gida. Shahararrun fina-finai, galibin manyan barkwanci irin su What A Lie!, da kuma ayyuka masu fa'ida sosai na ɗan wasan barkwanci Mohamed Saad, yaƙi don ɗaukar masu sauraro ko dai sun ja hankalinsu zuwa fina-finan yammacin duniya ko kuma, suna ƙara yin taka tsantsan game da lalatar fim ɗin. 

Wasu ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, irin su Sahar el Layali na 2003 ( Sleepless Nights ), labarun da suka haɗa da ma'auratan bourgeois guda huɗu "Sahar el Layali", The New York Times, 2004 da 2006 na Imrat Yacoubian ( Ginin Yacoubian ) sun haɗu da wannan rarrabuwa ta hanyar haɗuwa da babban ingancin fasaha da kuma babbar mashahuriyar sha'awa.

A cikin 2006, an fitar da fim ɗin Awkat Faragh ( Lokacin hutu ). Sharhin zamantakewa game da raguwar matasan Masar, an shirya fim ɗin a kan ƙananan kasafin kuɗi kuma yana da ma'aikacin ƙananan ƙimar samarwa. Fim ɗin, duk da haka, ya zama nasara. Batun sa mai cike da cece-kuce, wato, yanayin jima'i a cikin al'ummar yau, ana ganinsa a matsayin tabbatar da cewa masana'antar ta fara yin kasada.

Babban ƙalubalen da ke gaban masanan Masar da na duniya, dalibai da masu sha'awar fina-finan Masar, shi ne rashin wadatattun kayan aiki ta fuskar ayyukan da aka buga, da adanawa da samun kwafin fina-finan da kansu, da ci gaba a Masar na cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu da suka sadaukar da bincike da adanawa. na fim. Cibiyar Fina-Finai ta Masarawa (ENFC), wacce bisa ka'ida ta ke rike da kwafin dukkan fina-finan da aka yi bayan 1961, a cewar wani mai binciken fina-finan Masar, "da nisa da zama dakin karatu, akwai tarin gwangwani masu tsatsa da ke ɗauke da kwafi masu inganci." 

A shekara ta 2007, duk da haka, an sami ƙaruwa sosai a yawan fina-finan Masar da aka yi. A cikin 1997, adadin fina-finai masu tsayi na Masar da aka ƙirƙira shine 16; Bayan shekaru 10, adadin ya haura zuwa 40. Har ila yau, bayanan akwatin ofishin sun tashi sosai, yayin da fina-finan Masar suka samu kusan dala miliyan 50 yayin da fina-finan Amurka, idan aka kwatanta, sun samu dala miliyan 10.

 Bukukuwa 
Tun shekara ta alif 1952, Alƙahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na Cibiyar Katolika. Shi ne bikin fina-finai mafi daɗewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. Ya kware a Cinema na Masar. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, Alkahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta kasa da kasa ta amince da shi .  Ana gudanar da wani bukukuwan fina-finai a Masar da haɗa da:

 Luxor African Film Festival
 Aswan International Women's Film Festival
 Cairo International Women's Film Festival
 Alexandria International Film Festival
 El Gouna Film Festival
 Cairo Cinema Days
 National Egyptian Film Festival
 Cairo Francophone Film Festival
 Catholic Center Film Festival
 Port Said Festival for Arab Films
 Film Association Festival for Egyptian Cinema
 Sharm El-Sheikh Film Festival

 Fina-finai masu shahara 
TitleTransliterationYearDirectorMy Father above the TreeAbi foq al-Shagara1969Hussein KamalThe Asphalt boogymenAfarit el-asphalt1996Oussama FawziAli Baba and The Forty ThievesAli Baba wa Al Arbaeen harami1942Togo MizrahiI Am FreeAna Horra1959Salah Abu SeifDate WineArak el-balah1998Radwan El-KashefThe Land Of FearArd El-Khof1999Daoud Abdel SayedAl-Go'aAl-Go'a1986Ali BadrakhanThe LandEl Ard1969Youssef ChahineThe SparrowAl Asfour1972Youssef ChahineThe Return of the Prodigal SonAwdat al ibn al dal1976Youssef ChahineSons of EgyptAwlad Masr1933Togo MizrahiThe Days of SadatAyam El-Sadat2001Mohamed KhanThe Soft HandsAl Ayde Al Na'ema1963Mahmoud ZulfikarThe WillEl Azima1939Kamal SelimThe Gate of SunBab el shams2004Yousry NasrallahCairo StationBab El-Hadid1958Youssef ChahineI Love CinemaBaheb el cima2004Oussama FawziThe Search for Sayed MarzoukAl Bahths an Al Sayyid Marzuq1990Daoud Abdel SayedThe InnocentEl Baree'1988Atef El-TayebBarsoum Looking for a JobBarsoum Yabhas Aen Wazifa1923Mohamed BayoumiA Beginning and an EndBidaya wa Nihaya1960Salah Abu SeifThe PostmanAl Boustaguy1968Hussein KamalThe Path of MahabilDarb al-mahabil1955Tawfik SalehThe Nightingale's prayerDoaa al-Karawan1959Henry BarakatTraffic LightEisharit morour1995Khairy BesharaIn the Land of TutankhamunFi bilad Tout Ankh Amoun1923Mohamed BayoumiThe Paradise of the Fallen AngelsGannat al shayateen1999Oussama FawziThe IslandEl Geezera2007Sherif ArafaThe Flirtation of GirlsGhazal Al Banat1949Anwar WagdiThe SinAl Haram1965Henry BarakatChafika et MetwalShafika w Metwally1978Ali BadrakhanHassan and MarcusHassan wi Mor'os2008Ramy EmamLife or DeathHaya aw Maut1954Kamal El SheikhThe ChoiceAl Ikhtiyar1970Youssef ChahineTerrorism and KebabAl Irhab wal kabab1992Sherif ArafaAlexandria... Why?Iskanderija ... lih?1978Youssef ChahineKarnakAl Karnak1975Ali BadrakhanThe Kit KatEl Kit Kat1991Daoud Abdel SayedThe Lady's PuppetLaabet el sitt1946Waley-ElDin SamehLeila1927Aziza AmirAngel of MercyMalak al-Rahma1946Youssef WahbiThe CityEl Medina1999Yousry NasrallahThe Night of Counting the YearsAl Mummia1975Shadi Abdel SalamThe ImpossibleEl Mustahil1966Hussein KamalSaladin The VictoriousEl Nasser Salah El-Din1963Youssef ChahineYaaqubian buildingOmaret yakobean2006Marwan HamedA Bullet in the HeartRossassa Fel Qalb1944Mohammed KarimReturn My Heart BackRudda Kalbi1958Ezz-El-Din ZulfikarSalama is OkaySalama fi khair1938Niazi MostafaSalamah1945Togo MizrahiThe Bus DriverSawaq El-Autobis1983Atef El-TayebSome of the FearShey min el khouf1969Hussein KamalStruggle of the HeroesSira' Al Abtal1962Tawfik SalehBlack MarketSuq al-Soda, Al1945Kamel El-TelmissanyAdrift on the NileTharthara Fawq Al Neel1971Hussein KamalThe Collar and the BraceletEl Tooq wal Eswera1986Khairy BesharaAdieu BonaparteWeda'an Bonapart1985Youssef ChahineThe Two OrphansAl Yateematain1949Hassan Al ImamThe Sixth DayAl Yawm al-Sadis1986Youssef ChahineHappy DayYawm Saeed1940Mohammed KarimSweet Day, Bitter DayYom mor ... Yom helw1988Khairy BesharaThe Wife of an Important ManZawgat Ragol Mohim1988Mohamed KhanZeinab1950Mohammed KarimThe Second WifeEl Zouga El Tania1967Salah Abu SeifThe White GownAl-Rida’ al-Abyad1975Hassan RamziPeople on the TopAhl el qema1981Ali Badrakhan

 Fitattu a Masana'antar 

 Daraktoci 

 Ahmed Badrakhan (1909–1969)
 Anwar Wagdi (1904–1955)
 Atef E-Taieb (1947–1995)
 Daoud Abdel Sayed (1946–)
 Ezz El-Dine Zulficar (1919–1963)
 Hassan Al Imam (1919–1988)
 Henry Barakat (1912–1997)
 Hussein Kamal (1932–2003)
 Jehane Noujaim (1974–)
 Khairy Beshara (1947–)
 Maher Sabry (1967–)
 Mahmoud Zulfikar (1914–1970)
 Marwan Hamed (1970–)
 Mohamed Khan (1942–2016)
 Mohammed Karim (1896–1972)
 Salah Abu Seif (1915–1996)
 Shady Abdel Salam (1930–1986)
 Sherif Arafa (1960–)
 Tamer El Said (1972–)
 Yousry Nasrallah (1952–)
 Youssef Chahine (1926–2008)
 Youssef Wahbi (1898–1982)

Masu Ɗauka
 Wahid Farid (1919-1998)
 Tarek El-Telmissany (1950–)

Jarumai

 Abdelhalim Hafez (El Andaleeb) (1929–1977)
 Adel Emam (El Zaeem) (1940–)
 Ahmed El Sakka (1973–)  
 Ahmed Ezz (1971–)
 Ahmed Helmy (1969–)
 Ahmed Mazhar (1917–2002) 
 Ahmad Zaki (1949–2005) 
 Amina Rizk (1910–2003) 
 Anwar Wagdi (1904–1955) 
 Elham Shahin (1961–)
 Emad Hamdy (1909–1984) 
 Ezzat El Alaili (1934–2021)
 Ezz El-Dine Zulficar (1919–1963) 
 Farid al-Atrash (1915–1974) 
 Farid Shawky (1920–1998) 
 Farouk al-Fishawy (1952–2019)
 Faten Hamama (1931–2015) 
 Fuad Al Mohandes (El Ostaz) (1924–2006) 
 Hend Rostom (1929–2011)
 Hussein El Imam (1951-2014)
 Hussein Fahmy (1940–)
 Ismail Yasin (1912–1972)
 Khaled Abol Naga (1966–)
 Laila Elwi (1962–)
 Layla Murad (1918–1995)
 Lebleba (1945–)
 Madiha Yousri (1921–2018)
 Magda (1931–2020)
 Mahmoud Abdel Aziz (1946–2016)
 Mahmoud Yassin (1941–2020)
 Mahmoud Zulfikar (1914-1970)
 Mariam Fakhr Eddine (1933–2014)
 Mary Queeny (1913–2003)
 Mervat Amin (1946–)
 Mohamed Abdel Wahab (1902–1991)
 Mohamed Henedi (1965–)
 Mona Zaki (1976–)
 Mounira El Mahdeya (1885–1965)
 Nabila Ebeid (1945–)
 Nadia Al-Gindi (1946–)
 Nadia Lutfi (1937–2020)
 Nagat El-Sagheera (1938–)
 Naglaa Fathi (1951-)

Manazarta

 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 
 Shirye-shiryen Watsa Labarun Afirka  Cikakken bayanan kafofin watsa labarai na Afirka
 El-Cinema.com (wani IMDb da aka yi wahayi zuwa bayanan fina-finai na Masar da Larabci)
Category:Sinima a Afrika
Category:Misra
Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba