Henry VIII

Henry VIII (An haifeshi a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni shekara149128 Janairu shekara1547) shi ne Sarkin Ingila daga ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu shekara 1509 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara1547. An fi sanin Henry da aurensa shida, gami da ƙoƙarinsa na warware aurensa na farko (ga Catherine na Aragon ). Rashin jituwarsa da Paparoma Clement VII game da irin wannan sokewa ya sa Henry ya fara gyara Ingilishi, ya raba Cocin Ingila daga ikon papal. Ya nada kansa Babban Shugaban Cocin Ingila kuma ya rushe gidajen ibada da gidajen ibada, wanda aka kore shi daga gare su . Har ila yau ana kiran Henry da "uban Sojojin Ruwa," yayin da ya saka hannun jari sosai a cikin rundunar sojan ruwa, ya ƙara girman sa daga 'yan kaɗan zuwa fiye da jiragen ruwa hamsin50, kuma ya kafa Hukumar Sojojin Ruwa . J.J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII (1968) pp. 500–1.

A cikin gida, an san Henry saboda manyan canje -canjensa ga Tsarin Mulkin Ingilishi, yana kawo ka'idar ikon allahntaka na sarakuna . Ya kuma faɗaɗa ikon sarauta sosai a lokacin mulkinsa. Sau da yawa yana amfani da tuhumar cin amanar kasa da karkatacciyar koyarwa don murkushe masu adawa, kuma wadanda ake tuhuma galibi ana kashe su ba tare da an yi musu shari'a ba ta hanyar takardar kuɗi . Ya cimma manyan manufofinsa na siyasa ta hanyar aikin manyan ministocinsa, wasu daga cikinsu an kore su ko kuma an kashe su lokacin da suka yi rashin nasara. Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich, da Thomas Cranmer duk sun yi fice a gwamnatin sa.

Henry ya kasance mai yawan almubazzaranci, yana amfani da kuɗin da aka samu daga rushe gidajen ibada da ayyukan majalisar gyarawa . Ya kuma mayar da kudin da aka biya wa Roma a baya zuwa kudaden shiga na sarauta. Duk da kuɗaɗen da aka samu daga waɗannan tushe, yana ci gaba da gab da lalacewar kuɗi saboda almubazzaranci na kansa, da yaƙe -yaƙensa masu tsada da yawa waɗanda ba su yi nasara ba, musamman tare da Sarki Francis na Faransa, Mai Martaba Sarkin Rome Charles V, King James V na Scotland da mulkin Scottish a ƙarƙashin Earl of Arran da Mary of Guise . A gida, ya kula da ƙungiyar doka ta Ingila da Wales tare da Dokoki a Wales Ayyuka a shekarar 1535 da 1542, kuma shi ne sarkin Ingila na farko da ya yi sarauta a matsayin Sarkin Ireland bayan Dokar Crown of Ireland 1542 .

Mutanen zamanin Henry sun ɗauke shi sarki mai kyan gani, mai ilimi, kuma ƙwararren sarki. An bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin sarakuna masu kwarjini da zama a kan kursiyin Ingila" kuma an bayyana mulkinsa a matsayin "mafi mahimmanci" a tarihin Ingilishi. .  Marubuci ne kuma mawaki. Yayin da ya tsufa, ya yi kiba sosai kuma lafiyar sa ta wahala. An san shi sau da yawa a cikin rayuwarsa ta ƙarshe a matsayin mai son sha'awa, son kai, ɓarna da sarkin zalunci. ;  Dansa Edward VI ne ya gaje shi.

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