Shibam Hadramawt

Shibam Hadramawt (Larabci: شِبَام حَضْرَمَوْت, romanized: Shibām Ḥaḍramawt) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Yemen. Tana kuma da mazauna kusan 7,000, ita ce wurin zama na Gundumar Shibam a cikin Hakimin Hadramaut. An santa da gine-gine masu tsayi da aka yi da tubalin laka, ana kiranta da "Chicago of the Desert" (شِيْكَاغو ٱلصَّحْرَاء), ko kuma "Manhattan na Hamada" (مَانْهَاتَن ٱلصَّحْرَاء).

 Tarihi 
Rubutun farko da aka sani game da birnin ya kasance tun daga karni na 3 AD. Shi ne babban birnin Masarautar Hadramawt.

A ƙarni na 20, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan garuruwa uku na masarautar Qu'aiti, sauran su ne Al-Mukalla da Ash-Shihr.

An kuma jera birnin tare da jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO,Old Walled City of Shibam, UNESCO, World Heritage List a cikin 1982.Bricks and mortar fire: Yemen’s cultural heritage is in the crosshairs.17 December 2015.

A cikin shekarar 2008, guguwa mai zafi ta mamaye Shibam.Gulnaz Khan, This Ancient Mud Skyscraper City is the 'Manhattan of the Desert'. National Geographic.

A lokacin yakin basasar kasar Yemen, birnin ya samu 'yar barnaYemen suffers cultural vandalism during its war.This Ancient Mud Skyscraper City is the 'Manhattan of the Desert'. National Geographic. bayan da 'yan tawaye suka tayar da wata mota makare da bama-bamai.Maggie Michael, Report details damage to ancient Yemeni archaeological sites 15 November 2018. An kuma kai harin bam a yankin. A cikin 2015, UNESCO ta lissafa birnin a matsayin "al'adun gargajiyar da ke cikin haɗari".

 Labarin ƙasa 
Garin yana tsakiyar yammacin yankin Hadhramaut Governorate, a cikin hamadar Ramlat al-Sab'atayn. Babban hanyarta ta haɗa birnin Sana'a da sauran garuruwan yammacin Yemen da yankunan gabashi mai nisa. Garuruwan mafi kusa sune Seiyun, wurin zama na filin jirgin sama, da Tarim, duka a gabas. Wata hanyar, wacce ta taso daga kauyen Alajlanya, a yamma, ta hade Shibam zuwa Mukalla, babban birnin jihar dake gabacin tekun kasar Indiya.

 Yanayi 
Shibam yana da yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen: BWh). A matsakaicin zafin jiki na 28.0 Celsius (digiri 82.4 Fahrenheit), Yuni shine watan mafi zafi na shekara. Janairu shine watan mafi sanyi, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi 18.6 °C (65.5 °F).

 Gine-gine 

 Bayanin 
Shibam, wanda kuma a yanzu ya zama wurin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, an san shi da keɓaɓɓen gine-ginensa. Gidajen Shibam duk an yi su ne da tubalin laka, kuma kusan 500 daga cikinsu ginshiƙi ne, masu tsayin benaye 5 zuwa 11, kowanne bene yana da ɗaki ɗaya ko biyu. Anyi amfani da wannan salon gine-gine don kare mazauna daga hare-haren Bedouin. Yayin da Shibam ya kasance yana wanzuwa na kimanin shekaru 1,700, yawancin gidajen garin sun samo asali ne daga karni na 16. Da yawa, ko da yake, an sake gina su sau da yawa a cikin ’yan ƙarnuka da suka shige.

Shibam galibi ana kiransa "birni mafi tsufa a duniya". Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi kyawun misalan tsara birane bisa ka'idar gini a tsaye.Old Walled City of Shibam, UNESCO World Heritage Centre Birnin yana da wasu manyan gine-ginen laka mafi tsayi a duniya, tare da wasu daga cikinsu sama da 30 m (ƙafa 98) tsayi, don haka kasancewar manyan gine-gine na farko. Domin kare gine-gine daga ruwan sama da zazzagewa, dole ne a kiyaye ganuwar akai-akai ta hanyar amfani da sabbin laka. An kewaye birnin da katangar katanga, wanda aka ba shi suna "Birnin Shibam mai katanga".

 Barazana 
Gine-ginen bulo na laka ana kuma yawan fuskantar barazanar iska, ruwan sama, da zazzagewar zafi, kuma suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai domin kiyaye tsarinsu. Ambaliyar ruwa da aka yi a birnin ta yi katutu a shekarar 2008, sakamakon guguwa mai zafi da aka yi a birnin. Ruwan ya lalata harsashin ginin gine-gine da dama a birnin, wanda a karshe ya kai ga rugujewa. Har ila yau, ita ce harin da Al Qaeda ta kai a shekarar 2009.

A cikin shekarar 2015, an saka Shibam cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya da ke cikin haɗari lokacin da wani mummunan yakin basasa ya barke a Yemen. Gine-ginen tarihi sun lalace sosai yayin tashin bama-bamai a birnin Sana'a, kuma har yanzu suna cikin kasadar tashe-tashen hankula. 

 Hotuna 

 Manazarta