Haƙƙoƙi da ɗawainiyar aure a ƙasar Amurka

A cewar Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Gwamnatin Amurka ( GAO), akwai tanadin doka 1,138  wanda matsayin aure ya zama al'amari na tantance fa'idodi, hakkoki, da gata. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sun kasance wani muhimmin batu a muhawarar da aka yi kan amincewar tarayya na auren jinsi . A karkashin Dokar Tsaron Aure na shekara ta 1996 (DOMA), an hana gwamnatin tarayya amincewa da ma'auratan da suka yi aure bisa doka a karkashin dokokin jiharsu. Rikicin da ke tsakanin wannan ma’anar da Sashe na Tsari na Biyar ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya sa Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncin daurin rai da rai a DOMA a ranar 26 ga Yuni, shekara ta 2013, a shari’ar Amurka v. Windsor.

Kafin aiwatar da DOMA, GAO ta gano tanade-tanaden doka na tarayya guda 1,049  a cikin abin da fa'idodi, haƙƙoƙi, da gata suka dogara da matsayin aure ko kuma matsayin aure ya kasance wani abu. An buga sabuntawa a cikin shekara ta 2004 ta GAO wanda ke rufe lokacin tsakanin Satumba 21, shekarar 1996 (lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan DOMA zuwa doka), ga watan  Disamba 31, shekara ta  2003. Sabuntawar ta gano sabbin tanade-tanaden doka guda 120 da suka shafi matsayin aure, sannan an soke wasu gyare-gyare na dokokin 31 da suka shafi matsayin aure ta yadda za a kawar da matsayin aure a matsayin wani abu.

Auren jinsi na farko da aka amince da shi bisa doka ya faru a Minneapolis, At a ceremony in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, a United Methodist minister certified the marriage contract. See binder #7, McConnell Files, "America’s First Gay Marriage", Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies, University of Minnesota Libraries. Minnesota, a cikin shekarata 1971. McConnells against Blue Earth County, “CONCLUSIONS OF LAW”, Fifth Judicial District, File #07-CV-16-4559, 18 September 2018. "The September 3, 1971 marriage of James Michael McConnell and Pat Lyn McConnell, a/k/a Richard John Baker, has never been dissolved or annulled by judicial decree and no grounds currently exist on which to invalidate the marriage." Available online  from U of Minnesota Libraries. A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2015, a cikin yanayin Obergefell v. Hodges, Kotun Koli ta soke Baker v. Nelson kuma ya yanke hukuncin cewa aure wani hakki ne na asali da aka ba wa duk ƴan ƙasa, don haka ya halatta auren jinsi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

 Hakkoki da fa'idodi 

 Haƙƙin amfani yayin aure:
 Taimakon aikin yi da sabis na wucin gadi ga ma'auratan membobin da aka raba su daga aikin soja; ci gaba da commissary gata
 Biyan kuɗin kowace rana ga ma'aurata ga ma'aikatan gwamnatin tarayya lokacin ƙaura
 Kula da Sabis na Kiwon Lafiyar Indiya ga ma'auratan Ba'amurke (a wasu yanayi)
 Ta dauki nauyin miji/mata don fa'idodin shige da fice
 Fa'idodi mafi girma a ƙarƙashin wasu shirye-shirye idan an yi aure, gami da:
 Nakasar tsohon soja
 Ƙarin Kudin Tsaro
 Biyan naƙasa ga ma'aikatan tarayya
 Medicaid
 Keɓancewar harajin kadarorin ga gidajen tsofaffin tsofaffin nakasassu
 Rage harajin shiga, ƙididdigewa, keɓance ƙimar kuɗi, da ƙididdigewa
 Albashin ma'aikaci da ke aiki ga matar mutum an keɓe shi daga harajin rashin aikin yi na tarayya 
 Hakkoki na haɗin gwiwa da dangi:
 An halatta yin rajistar haɗin gwiwa na fatarar kuɗi
 Haƙƙoƙin haɗin gwiwa na iyaye, kamar samun damar shiga bayanan makarantar yara
 Hakkokin ziyarar iyali ga ma'aurata da ƴaƴan da ba na halitta ba, kamar ziyartar ma'aurata a asibiti ko kurkuku
 Matsayin dangi na gaba don yanke shawara na likita na gaggawa ko shigar da da'awar mutuwa ba daidai ba
 Hakkokin kula da yara, kadarorin da aka raba, tallafin yara, da kuma ciyarwa bayan kisan aure
 Rikicin cikin gida
 Samun dama ga ayyukan "iyali kawai", kamar rage yawan membobinsu zuwa kulake da kungiyoyi ko zama a wasu unguwannin
 Hayar da aka fi so ga ma'auratan tsofaffi a ayyukan gwamnati
 Canja wurin dukiya ba tare da haraji ba tsakanin ma'aurata (ciki har da kan mutuwa) da keɓancewa daga sassan "sake-kan-sale".
 La'akari na musamman ga ma'auratan 'yan ƙasa da baƙi mazauna
 Barazana ga ma'auratan ma'aikatan tarayya daban-daban laifi ne na tarayya
 Haƙƙin ci gaba da zama a ƙasar da aka saya daga ma'aurata ta National Park Service lokacin da aka ba da sauƙi ga ma'aurata
 Sanarwa na kotu game da shari'ar shari'a
 Umarnin kariyar tashin hankali na cikin gida
 Ci gaba da haƙƙin haƙƙin hayar gida na da
 Ka'idar siyar da gidajen kwana ga keɓancewar mai gida
 Sallar jana'iza da ta'aziyya
 Ɗaukar haɗin gwiwa da kulawa
 Shigar da haraji na haɗin gwiwa (duba halin da ake ciki )
 Lasisi na inshora, ɗaukar hoto, cancanta, da fa'idodin ƙungiyar fa'idodin jama'a
 Matsayin shari'a tare da ƴan uwa
 Yin shawarwarin likita na ma'aurata
 Ma'auratan da ba mazauni ba banbancin koyarwa
 Izinin yin shirye-shiryen jana'izar ma'auratan da suka rasu, gami da binnewa ko konawa
 Haƙƙin tsira na amana
 Haƙƙin canza suna bayan aure
 Haƙƙin shiga yarjejeniya kafin aure
 Haƙƙin gadon dukiya
 Gatan ma'aurata a cikin shari'o'in shari'a (gatar amincewar aure da gatan shaidar ma'aurata)
 Ga waɗanda aka sake su ko waɗanda aka kashe, haƙƙin samun yawancin fa'idodin tsohon ko marigayi, gami da:
 Social Security fensho
 Fansho na tsohon soja, biyan diyya na mutuwar haɗin gwiwar sabis, kula da lafiya, da kula da gidan jinya, haƙƙin binne a makabartar tsoffin sojoji, taimakon ilimi, da gidaje
 fa'idodin tsira ga ma'aikatan tarayya
 Fa'idodin tsira ga ma'auratan dogon teku, ma'aikatan tashar ruwa, ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa
 Ƙarin fa'ida ga ma'auratan masu hakar ma'adinan kwal waɗanda suka mutu da cutar huhu
 $100,000 ga matar duk wani jami'in kare lafiyar jama'a da aka kashe a bakin aiki
 Ci gaba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da ma'aikata ke ɗaukar nauyi
 Sabuntawa da soke haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka na abokin aure akan mutuwar mata
 Ci gaba da haƙƙin ruwa na ma'aurata a wasu yanayi
 Biyan albashi da fa'idodin diyya na ma'aikata bayan mutuwar ma'aikaci
 Yin, sokewa, da ƙin bayar da kyaututtukan jikin mutum bayan mutuwa

 Hakki 

 Ana ƙidaya kuɗin shiga na ma'aurata da kadarorin don tantance buƙata ta nau'ikan taimakon gwamnati, gami da:
 Amfanin lafiyar tsohon soja da kulawar gida
 Taimakon gidaje
 Lamunin gidaje ga tsoffin sojoji
 Lamunin ilimi na yara
 Jadawalin biyan lamuni na ilimi
 Tallafin farashin noma da lamuni
 Cancantar kuɗin yaƙin neman zaɓe na tarayya
 Rashin cancanta ga shirin Gidajen Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa idan ma'aurata sun taba siyan gida:
 Dangane da ƙa'idodin rigingimu na yawan ayyuka na gwamnati da na gwamnati
 Rashin cancanta don karɓar fa'idodin tsira iri-iri yayin sake yin aure
 Bayar da tallafin kuɗi don renon yaran da aka haifa daga auren

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Akwai wasu dokoki waɗanda ko dai suna amfana ko kuma hukunta ma'aurata akan marasa aure, ya danganta da yanayin su:

 Hukuncin aure / kari
 Canza masu cin gajiyar shirin yin ritaya ko barin haɗin gwiwa da nau'in rabon kuɗin fansho na fa'idar yin ritaya yana buƙatar rubutaccen amincewar ma'aurata.
 Ana iya ƙawata albashi a iyakar 60% (maimakon ƙayyadaddun 25% na al'ada) idan kayan ado na alimony ne ko tallafin yara.

 Jihohi 
Bugu da kari, jihohi da kadarorin al'umma akai-akai suna da nau'ikan mallakarsu wanda ke ba da damar yin cikakken tsari kan kason nasu na kadarorin al'umma kan mutuwar ma'aurata (ban da matakin na yau da kullun kan kadarorin ma'aurata).

 An kafa magunguna na shari'a bayan rahoton GAO 
Bayan rahoton a shekarata 2004 GAO aƙalla lissafin kuɗi ɗaya, Dokar Haɗin Kan Iyali na Amurka, an ba da shawarar yin ƙoƙarin gyara wasu bambance-bambancen haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin haɗin gwiwar jima'i da aure.

 Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Manazarta 

 Ci gaba da karatu 

 Gudanar da Haraji: Maganin Harajin Kuɗi na Ma'aurata da Maraɗaici. GAO/GGD-96-175, Satumba 3, 1996.