Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad

Birnin tarihi na Ahmadabad ko Tsohon Ahmedabad, birni mai katanga na Ahmedabad a Indiya, Ahmad Shah I na Gujarat Sultanate ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 1411. Ya kasance babban birnin Sultanate Gujarat kuma daga baya muhimmiyar cibiyar siyasa da kasuwanci ta Gujarat. A yau, duk da kasancewar cunkoson jama'a da rugujewa, har yanzu tana zama alamar zuciyar dan birni Ahmedabad. UNESCO ta sanya shi a matsayin Garin Tarihi na Duniya a cikin Yulin shekarar 2017.

 Tarihi. 
Mazaunan farko sun kasance a kudancin tsohon birni na yanzu kuma a bakin kogin Sabarmati. An san shi da Ashaval ko Ashapalli. Asha Bhil ta kasance sarkin Ashaval. A karni na sha daya, Karna na daular Chaulukya da ke mulki daga Anhilwad Patan (1072-1094), ya mai da garin babban birnin kasar kuma ya sanya masa suna Karnavati (garin Karan), ko Shrinagar (birni mai wadata) da Rajnagar (garin sarki).

Ahmed Shah I ya aza harsashin ginin Bhadra Fort wanda ya fara daga Manek Burj, tushe na farko na birnin a shekara ta 1411, wanda aka kammala a shekara ta 1413. Ya kuma kafa dandalin farko na birnin Manek Chowk, dukansu suna da alaka da almara na Hindu saint Maneknath. . Sultanatensa na Gujarat (1411-1573) ,  yi mulki daga birnin har zuwa 1484. Jikansa Mahmud Begada ya canza sheka babban birnin kasar daga Ahmedabad zuwa Muhammadabad daga 1484, zuwa 1535, amma ya yi katanga na biyu na birnin. Daga baya Ahmedabad ya sake zama babban birnin sultan har sai da ya fada hannun Mughals a shekara ta 1573. A lokacin mulkin Mughal (1572-1707), Bhadra Fort ya zama kujerar Gwamnan Gujarat. Garin ya bunkasa tare da Kara kauyuka da dama a cikin birnin da kewaye. Daga cikin mutanen birnin ba a tantance kiyasin ba. Akwai wasu kiyasin girman birni a cikin ayyukan lokacin: Ferishta, Ain-i-Akbari, da Mirat-i-Ahmadi. A cewar Ain-i-Akbari (1580), akwai puras 360, daga cikinsu tamanin da hudu ne kawai suke bunkasa; A cewar Ferishta akwai, a cikin 1600, 360 mahalla, kowane kewaye da bango; Mirat-i-Ahmadi a wani nassi yana cewa, irin wannan ta kasance da yawan al'ummarta cewa tana dauke da puras 380, kowanne pura kwata ne kusan gari; A wani nassin kuma ya ambaci unguwanni goma sha biyu na gari da sauran su a waje, kuma a cikin cikakken bayanin birnin ya ambace su da sunaye 110, da 19, daga cikinsu suka zauna karkashin mulkin Mughal. Bajamushe matafiyi Mandelslo (1638), ya ambata kauyuka da kauyuka masu dogaro kusan wasannin lig guda bakwai. A lokacin gwagwarmayar Mughal da Maratha (1707-1753), don sarrafa birnin, an cutar da birnin kuma an lalatar da yankuna da dama. Ganuwar birnin ta lalace a fadace-fadace kuma cinikin ya shafa. An raba kudaden shiga na birni tsakanin sarakunan Mughal da Maratha. Daga baya a lokacin mulkin Maratha (1758-1817), an raba kudaden shiga na birni tsakanin Peshwa da Gaekwad. Wadannan sun shafi tattalin arzikin birnin saboda karin haraji. A cikin 1817, Ahmedabad ya fadi karkashin mulkin Kamfanin Burtaniya wanda ya daidaita birnin a siyasance kuma ya inganta kasuwancin. Yawan jama'a ya tashi daga 80,000, a 1817, zuwa kusan 88,000, a shekara ta 1824. A cikin shekaru takwas da suka biyo baya an ba da haraji na musamman kan man ghee da sauran kayayyaki kuma a kan £25,000 (Rs. 2,50,000) an gyara ganuwar birnin. A daidai wannan lokaci ne aka kafa wani kantom a wani wuri da ke arewacin birnin. Yawan jama'a ya tashi (1816), zuwa kusan 95,000. Sauran kudaden jama'a bayan an gama katangar an yi amfani da su don ayyukan gundumar. Tsohon birnin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar harkokin siyasa a lokacin yunkurin 'yancin kai na Indiya karkashin Mahatma Gandhi.

 Garuruwa da kofofi. 

 Garuruwa. 
Fada a cikin tsari, wanda ya rufe yanki mai girman eka arba'in da uku, Bhadra sansanin yana da kofofi takwas, manya uku, biyu a gabas daya kuma a kusurwar kudu maso yamma; matsakaita uku, biyu a arewa daya kuma a kudu; da kanana biyu, a yamma. An kammala ginin Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad a shekara ta 1423. Yayin da birnin ya fadada, an fadada katangar birnin. Don haka katanga na biyu Mahmud Begada ya yi shi a shekara ta 1486, jikan Ahmed Shah, wanda ke da katanga na waje mai tsawon kilomita 10 (6.2 mi) a kewayensa kuma ya kunshi kofofi 12, bassoshi 189, da kuma sama da fadace-fadace 6,000 kamar yadda aka bayyana a Mirat-i- Ahmadi. Ganuwar katangar birni na biyu, tana gudana a yamma na kusan mil mil da kwata uku tare da bankin Sabarmati, da kuma shimfida gabas a siffa mai madauwari, sun hada da yanki mai nisan mil biyu a baya.

 Kofofi. 
Yawancin mutane sun yi imanin cewa Ahmedabad yana da kofofi 12, amma wasu masana tarihi sun ba da shawarar samun 16. Daga baya wani masanin ilimin halitta ya gano cewa Ahmedabad yana da kofofi 21. Bhadra Fort yana da kofofi takwas, manya uku, biyu a gabas daya kuma a kusurwar kudu maso yamma; matsakaita uku, biyu a arewa daya kuma a kudu; da kanana biyu, a yamma. A cikin garun birni na kagara na biyu, akwai kofofi goma sha takwas, manya goma sha biyar, kanana uku. Daga cikin goma sha biyar, an rufe daya, kuma an kara biyu daga baya. Waɗannan kofofi sun fara ne daga kusurwar arewa maso yamma, uku a bangon arewa, Shahpur a arewa maso yamma, Delhi a arewa, da Dariyapur a arewa maso gabas; hudu a bangon gabas, Premabhai, kofa da Birtaniyya ta gina, a arewa maso gabas, da Kalupur a gabas, da Panchkuva, kofar da Birtaniya ta gina, a gabas, da Sarangpur a kudu maso gabas; hudu a bangon kudu, Raipur da Astodiya a kudu maso gabas, da Mahuda, rufaffiyar kofa, da Jamalpur a kudu; bakwai a bangon yamma, Khan Jahan, Raikhad da Manek a kudu maso yamma; Kofofi uku na kagara, Ganesh, da Ram, da Baradari a tsakiya. da kuma kofar Khanpur dake arewa maso yamma. Sabbin kofofi biyu, Prem Darwaja da kofar Panchkuva da Birtaniyya ta Kara bayan bude layin dogo a 1864.

 Unguwa. 
A Pol shi ne irin rukunin gidaje na tsohon birni. Akwai kusan 356, pols da aka kwatanta a cikin ayyukan tarihi. An kafa tsarin rukunin gidaje a lokacin mulkin Mughal-Maratha da aka raba (1738-1753) saboda rikicin addini tsakanin Hindu da Musulmai. Bayan haka (1780-1832), lokacin da ganuwar birnin ta daina fakewa daga 'yan fashi, kofar pol da agogon ya zama kariya mai mahimmanci. Chabutro wani shinge ne na musamman kamar tsari don ciyar da tsuntsaye wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin Pols da yawa.

 Tafiya ta gado. 
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation tare da hadin gwiwar CRUTA Foundation, suna shirya yawo a cikin tsohon birni daga Kalupur Swaminarayan Mandir da kuma karewa a Jama Masjid kowace safiya. Tafiya ta kunshi wurare da yawa na zamantakewa, addini da gine-gine masu alaka da tarihi da al'adun Ahmedabad.

 Manazarta. 

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