Shamarpa

Shamarpa ( Tibetan, yana nufin “Mutum (ma’ana mai Rike da) Jan Kambi)” kuma an san shi da Shamar Rinpoche, ko kuma wanda aka fi sani Künzig Shamar Rinpoche, shine na biyu a matsayi a cikin mutanen Tulkus. Yana daya daga cikin mafi daukaka daga dangin Karma Kagyu na makarantar Tibetan Buddhism kuma ana daukan shi a matsayin ruhin Amitābha.  

Shamarpa, Drakpa Senggé na farko  (Wylie: grags pa seng+ge, 1283–1349), ya samu lakabin sa   "Shamarpa" da jan kambin, iri daya da bakin kambi na mutanen Karmapa dagaKarmapa, Rangjung Dorje ta uku, wanda ya assasa dangi na biyu na wanda ake sake halitta na addinin Tibetan na Buddisanci. Karmapa shine na farko.  

Ana kiran Shamarpa da “Jan Hulan Karmapa” musamman a rubuce-rubucen  Kagyu na farko.Yeshe Dronma: The Kunzig Shamarpas of Tibet 1992, P. 19.Shabkar Tsogdruk Rangdrol. "The Life of Shabkar: Autobiography of a Tibetan Yogin". Translated by Matthew Ricard. Shambala Publication, 2001, p. 91, footnote 18  

 Dangin Shamarpa 
Shamarpa da ake daukan su a matsayin cikakkun sake halitta an lissafo su a cikin  "The Garland of Moon Water Crystal" daga  Situpa Chökyi Jungne da Belo Tsewang Künkhyab na takwas. 

 Khedrup Drakpa Senge a shekara ta (1284 zuwa shekara ta 1349) shine babban almajirin Karmapa na uku .
 Shamar Khachö Wangpo a shekara ta (1350 zuwa shekara ta 1405) Karmapa na 4 ya gane shi. 
 Shamar Chöpal Yeshe shekara ta (1406 zuwa shekara ta 1452). Chöpal Yeshe ya shahara saboda ya gina gidajen ibada da cibiyoyi da dama. Ya kuma sami damar kawar da aikin hadayar dabbobi a yankunan Tibet inda wannan al'ada ta ci gaba. 
 Karmapa na  bakwai 7 ya gane Shamar Chokyi Drakpa Yeshe Pal Zangpo a shekara ta (1453 zuwa shekara ta 1526), wanda ya zama Lama. Shahararren sufi na Tibet Ga Mamo Tashi Rabten ne ya kafa shi. Ya kuma kafa ƙananan gidajen ibada da yawa. A lokacin tafiyarsa a wajen Tibet, Chökyi Tragpa ya gina gidajen ibada da dama, a tsakanin wasu akwai gidajen ibada guda huɗu a Bhutan kuma shine farkon Shamar ya sake dawowa ya ziyarci Nepal inda ya gina ƙaramin gidan sufi a Swayambhunath, ɗayan wurare mafi alfarma na ƙasar. Bayan ya dawo ƙasarsa, ya zama sarkin Tibet na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu kuma ya yi mulkin ƙasar bisa tsananin bin ƙa'idodin Buddha.
 Shamar Köncho Yenlak a shekara ta (1526 zuwa shekara ta 1583) ta Karmapa ta takwas 8 . Ya kuma gane kuma ya zama Lama na Karmapa na  tara 9 .
 Shamar Mipan Chökyi Wangchuk a shekara ta (1584 zuwa shekara ta 1629) an gane da 9th Karmapa wanda ya zama babban Lama. cf https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P1432
 Shamar Yeshe Nyinpo a shekara ta (1631 zuwa shekara ta 1694) Karmapa ta goma 10 ta gane shi, kuma ya zama almajirin Karmapa.
 An haifi Palchen Chökyi Döndrup a shekara ta(1695 zuwa shekara ta 1732) a Yilmo, Nepal kuma an kai shi Tibet yana ɗan shekara bakwai 7. Ya kuma karɓi koyarwa da umarni daga Karmapa na sha daya 11 kafin mutuwarsa. Shamarpa bi da bi, an gane shi kuma ya naɗa Karmapa na sha biyu 12 a matsayin Karmapa na sha biyu12 kuma ya zama Tushen-guru. 
 Könchog Geway Jungnay shekara ta (1733 zuwa shekara ta  1741) an haife shi a Paro a Bhutan , kuma Karmapa na 13 ya gano shi, amma ya rayu har zuwa shekaru tara
 Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso shekara ta (1742 zuwa shekara ta  1793) shine ɗan uwan ɗan Panchen Lama na shidda 6, Lobsang Palden Yeshe shekara ta (1738 zuwa shekara ta 1780). Tai Situ Rinpoche takwas ne suka koyar da shi, sannan kuma ya gane Tai Situ Rinpoche na tara. Shamar Tulku ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana rayar da Dharma a Tibet.  Musamman, Shamar Tulku yayi yunƙurin kawo koyarwar Kagyu zuwa tsakiyar Tibet, wanda ya kasance tangarɗar manyan ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Gelugpa a lokacin, tare da taimakon ɗan'uwansa Panchen Lama na shidda 6 na zuriyar Gelugpa.  Bayan aiwatar da wannan aikin Shamarpa ya tafi aikin hajji zuwa Nepal. A cewar wasu kafofin, wata muhawara a kan da'awar wa stepbrother ta kaya gado ya kai ga wani makamai rikici a cikin abin da Shamarpa maƙarƙashiya tare da Nepalese Gurkha sojoji a shekara ta  1788. Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin. 1968. Tibet: Its History, Religion and People. Reprint: Penguin Books, 1987, p. 272.  A cewar wasu majiyoyi, yayin da Shamarpa ke aikin hajji zuwa Nepal, fada ya barke tsakanin Gurkhas na Nepale da Tibet. Shamarpa yayi yunƙurin yin zaman lafiya da shiga tsakani a rikicin. A cikin Tibet mashahurin ministan Gelugpa Tagtsag Tenpai Gonpo ya ga damar cire wata barazanar siyasa da ake ganin ta mallaki dukiya. Ya yada jita -jita cewa Shamarpa ne ke iza wutar fada kuma ya kwace gidan sufi na Yang Chen daga Shamarpa. An tuba da sufaye zuwa makarantar Gelug. Daga baya gwamnati ta ba da umarni cewa duk gidajen ibada na Shamarpa dole ne su koma makarantar Gelug.   Wannan, da sauran jayayya tsakanin makarantun Gelug da Kagyu sun kai ga gudun hijira daga Tibet na Shamarpa da dokar Tibet da gwamnatin Tibet ta hana a ci gaba da zama cikin Shamarpa  Wannan haramcin ya ci gaba da kasancewa har sai bayan Dalai Lama ya rasa iko a Tibet yayin shekara ta  1950, kodayake daga baya an bayyana cewa Karmapa ya gane sake yin Shamarpa a asirce a lokacin shiga tsakanin. Douglas Nik, White Meryl : Karmapa, the Black Hat Lama of Tibet. London, Luzac & Company Ltd., 1976. P. 151.,
 Ba a sani ba, ana tsammanin gwamnatin Tibet ta tilasta ta buya.
 Tugsay Jamyang shekara ta (1895 zuwa shekara ta 1947 ) ɗan Karmapa na 15 ne . Koyaya, an yi rikodin cewa ya koyar kuma yayi addinin Buddha a matsayin ɗan adam. 
 Tinlay Kunchap a shekara ta  (1948zuwa shekara ta 1950), jariri ne wanda ya tsira kaɗan kaɗan fiye da shekara guda
 Mipham Chokyi Lodro shekara ta  (1952 zuwa shekara ta  2014) an haife shi a Derge, Tibet kuma yana ɗan shekara huɗu Karmapa na 16 ya gane shi. Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2014 a Jamus.

 Bayar da lakabin Shamar 
Bayan mutuwar Shamarpa na tara  9, an gano yara daban -daban guda biyu a matsayin wadanda za su iya zama 'yan takarar zama reincarnation: daya shine Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso, dan uwan dan Panchen Lama na 6; ɗayan kuma shine Könchok Garwang Gyatso (དཀོན་ མཆོག་ གར་ དབང་ རྒྱ་ མཚོ) na dangin Namseling (རྣམ་ སྲས་ གླིང). An warware rigimar da yawa: An jawo sunan Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso kuma an nada shi sarautar a matsayin Shamarpa ta goma 10. An kira Könchok Garwang Gyatso a matsayin Shamar Trisur ko "tsohon Shamarpa"; a cewar wasu asusun, "ya yi murabus" bayan cacar, yana nuna cewa da farko an naɗa shi sarauta. A kowane hali, Shamar Trisur ya zauna a gidan danginsa a Namseling Manor, kusa da Samye Monastery, kuma ya zama lama. Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1792, an gano reincarnation, yana kafa zuriyar da aka sani da suna Namling Shamar. Lamling Shamar na baya -bayan nan shi ne na biyar, wanda Karmapa sha biyar 15 shekara ta (1871 zuwa shekara ta 1922) ta gano shi kuma ya rayu har zuwa a shekara ta 1982. 

 Rigima 
A cikin shekara ta 1792 gwamnatin Tibet ta zargi Shamarpa ta goma 10 da ingiza yaki tsakanin Tibet da Nepal . An fitar da shi daga jihar Tibet kuma an sanya haramcin sa a cikin abubuwan da zai zo nan gaba daga amincewa da shi a hukumance. "The New York Times" Retrieved on December 24, 2008. Wani masanin ilimin Tibeto na zamani ya tabbatar da cewa wannan fassarar tarihin ba daidai ba ne kuma ya nuna cewa Shamarpa ce ta shiga tsakani a wannan rikici. 

Sharhin Gyalwa Karmapa na goma sha shida akan wannan lokacin shine: “Girmama yana ƙara ƙanƙanta. Akwai tsangwamar siyasa da yawa. Baƙi ya zama fari. Hakikanin ya zama na gaskiya. A wancan lokacin ba abu ne mai yiyuwa ba a san wani ko sanin Shamarpa. An boye komai. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki sun bayyana, amma ba a bayyana su ba. ” Douglas Nik, White Meryl : Karmapa, the Black Hat Lama of Tibet. London, Luzac & Company Ltd., 1976, P. 151. A shekarar 1963, bayan bukatar Karmapa ta sha shidda 16, gwamnatin Tibet da ke gudun hijira ta dage haramcin. "The Karmapa and Shamarpa Lineages" Retrieved on December 22, 2008. An nada Shamar Rinpoche na 14 a sarauta, kuma bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1979 ya fara aikin koyarwa mai yawa. https://www.diamondway-buddhism.org/buddhist-teachers/shamar-rinpoche/

Wani sabani ya fara ne a shekara ta 1992, yayin neman da karrama Gyalwa Karmapa na goma sha bakwai 17. An sami rarrabuwa tsakanin Karma Kagyu sangha kan zaɓen 'yan takarar Karmapa guda biyu. Rikicin Karmapa yana da ban sha'awa kuma yana da sarkakiya, kuma yana da asali a cikin tarihin Tibet na ƙiyayya, kuma yana da alaƙa da siyasar China da Indiya ma.  'Yan takarar Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje da Thaye Dorje sun hadu da juna, kuma sun ba da sanarwar hadin gwiwa da ke kira da hadin kai, da fatan samun Shamar Rinpoche na sha biyar 15 tare. 

 14 Shamarpa 
Shamarpa ta sha hudu 14 ita ce Mipham Chokyi Lodro, an haife shi a Derge, Tibet a shekara ta 1952. Yana ɗan shekara huɗu ya bayyana asalinsa a matsayin Shamarpa ta hanyar gane tsoffin sufaye daga gidan sufi na Yangpochen, wurin kakannin Shamarpas. Kawunsa, Karmapa na 16, ya gane shi a matsayin reincarnation na Shamarpa na baya.   A cikin she KARA shekara ta 1964 Shamar Rinpoche na sha hudu 14 ya hau gadon sarauta a cikin gidan sufi na Rumtek na Karmapa. A wannan lokacin Karmapa ya rubuta waka:

 Mafi ɗaukaka, ubangijin ƙasashen dusar ƙanƙara shine Avalokiteśvara.
 Haɗuwa da asalinsa shine Karmapa mai ɗaukaka.
 Ba za a iya raba shi daga asirinsa guda uku ba, kamar yadda ubangiji uku suke,
 Shine bayyanarsa, babban emanation; babbar rana,
 Wanda nake saka hannun jari yanzu shine mai mulkin tsarin jinsi.
 Da ikon warwatsa furanni masu kyawun kyawawan halaye
 Haɗe da kalmomin gaskiya na gaskiyar ṛiṣhi
 Bari ya yi nasara kuma har abada ya kasance mai ikon yin oda. Karma Trinlay Rinpoche: The 14th Shamarpa Mipham Chokyi Lodro In Loving Memory, pg. 6

Shamar Rinpoche ya karɓi duk tsarin koyarwar Kagyu daga Karmapa na sha bakwai 16. Ya kasance kusa da Karmapa na sha shidda 16 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1981.

Shamar Rinpoche yana sha'awar batun addinin Buddha da dimokuradiyya . Littafinsa "Samar da Dimokuraɗiyya Mai Fassara" ya shimfida wani tsari na kafa tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya na gaskiya wanda ke inganta walwala da wadata. Ya kuma kafa “Gidauniyar Tausayi Ta Ƙarshe” tare da dalilin inganta jin daɗin ɗan adam na dabbobin da aka kiwon don cin nama da sauran samfura. 

 Duba kuma 

 Drikungpa
 Karmapa

 Nassoshi 

 Hanyoyin waje 

 Shamarpa Official shafin yanar gizo
 Mai ba da tarihin rayuwar Shamar Rinpoche na 14 ta Karma Trinlay Rinpoche
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations