Efunroye Tinubu

Madam Efunroye Tinubu ( c. 1810 - 1887), an haife ta Efunporoye Osuntinubu, [1] fitacciya ce a fagen siyasa a tarihin Nijeriya saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayinta ta mace mai karfin fada-a-ji da kuma fataucin bayi a cikin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya. Ta kasance babba a Legas a lokacin mulkin Obas Adele, Oluwole, Akitoye, da Dosunme.

 Rayuwa da aiki 

 Rayuwar farko 
An haifi Tinubu a yankin dajin Ojokodo na Egbaland. Sunan mahaifinta Olumosa. [1] An yi zargin cewa tana daga zuriyar Owu, ko dai ta bangaren mahaifiyarta ko na mahaifinta. [1] Madam Tinubu ta yi aure sau da yawa. Aurenta na farko ya kasance ga wani mutumin Owu Wanda ta haifan ma 'ya'ya maza biyu.  Bayan mijinta Owu ya mutu, sai ta auri Oba Adele Ajosun da ke gudun hijira a shekara ta, 1833, wanda yayin da ya ziyarci Abeokuta, Tinubu ta ba shi sha'awa. Ta koma tare da Oba da ke gudun hijira zuwa Badagry, wanda a al'adance mafaka ne ga sarakunan Legas. A Badagry, ta yi amfani da haɗin Adele don gina babbar kasuwancin fataucin taba, gishiri, da bayi.https://books.google.com/?id=iLtkFddAh7gC&q=tinubu+european+african+slavery&dq=tinubu+european+african+slavery 

 Lagos 
Oba Adele da ke gudun hijirar yana cikin Badagry lokacin da magajinsa, Oba Idewu, ya mutu. Yarima Kosoko, dan uwan Idewu Ojulari, shi ne babban dan takarar neman kujerar da babu kowa yanzu. Eletu Odibo, babban sarki, ya dakile burin Kosoko kuma Adele ya gayyace shi ya zama Oba. [7] Tinubu ta raka Adele zuwa Legas, amma Oba ya mutu shekaru 2 bayan haka. Bayan rasuwar Adele a shekarar, 1837, rahotanni sun nuna cewa Tinubu ta goyi bayan Oluwole (dan uwanta) a kokarinsa na Obaship na Legas fiye da na Kosoko.  

Oba Oluwole ya sha fama da rikice-rikice tare da Kosoko, wanda yake jin cewa shi ne magajin gaskiya ga gadon sarautar. [7] Sakamakon haka, an kori Kosoko zuwa Ouidah . A lokacin mulkin Oluwole, Madam Tinubu ta sake auren wani Yesufu Bada, wanda ake kira da Obadina, wanda shi ne kaftin din yakin Oluwole kuma tare da goyon bayan Oluwole, kasuwancin Tinubu da Yesufu a Egbaland ya bunkasa. [10]
Lokacin da Oluwole ya mutu a cikin shekara ta, 1841, Tinubu ta goyi bayan Akitoye (surukinta) a cikin neman Obaship akan Kosoko.  Bayan da Akitoye ya fito Oba, ya ba Tinubu wasu rangwamen kasuwanci na alheri.  Ba tare da fatawar shugabanninsa ba, Akitoye ya gayyaci Kosoko ya dawo Legas kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya lallaɓa shi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Kosoko ya kori Akitoye daga gadon sarauta. Lura da kawancen da Tinubu tayi da Akitoye, ita da sauran masu goyon bayan Akitoye sun gudu zuwa Badagry lokacin da Kosoko ya zama Oba a shekara ta, 1845.  A matsayinta na mace mai arziki, Madam Tinubu ta sami damar yin tasiri kan yanke shawara kan tattalin arziki da siyasa a lokacin da take Badagry. Ta yi kokarin tattara magoya bayan Akitoye don su yi yaki da Kosoko. [10]

A cikin watan Disamba shekara ta, 1851 kuma a karkashin hujjar kawar da bautar, Turawan Burtaniya sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a Legas, suka kori Kosoko daga gadon sarauta, suka kuma sanya Akitoye mai matukar kwarjini a matsayin Oba na Legas. Duk da cewa Akitoye ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Burtaniya wacce ta haramta cinikin bayi, amma Tinubu ya karya yarjejeniyar ta shekarar, 1852  kuma ya yi cinikin bayi a asirce tare da mutanen Brazil da ‘yan kasuwar Portugal. [13] Bugu da kari, ta samu wani fili daga Akitoye wanda a yanzu ya zama wani bangare na filin Tinubu Square da kuma Titin Kakawa na yanzu. Daga baya, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Tinubu da wasu dillalan bayi ciki har da Possu, mai biyayya ga Kosoko. Sakamakon haka, Possu, Ajenia, da sauran 'yan kasuwa sun yi kokarin tayar da Akitoye saboda tasirin Madam Tinubu a Legas. Dangane da zaman lafiya, Benjamin Campbell, karamin ofishin jakadancin Ingila a Legas, ya nemi Akitoye da ya kori Tinubu. [14] Bayan Akitoye ya mutu, Tinubu ya dawo Legas ya ba ta goyon baya ga magajinsa, Dosunmu . A karkashin mulkin Dosunmu Tinubu yana da rundunar tsaro mai yawa wanda ya kunshi bayi kuma wani lokacin takan aiwatar da umarnin da sarki yakan bayar. A sakamakon haka, Dosunmu ta yi hankali da tasirinta a Legas. [10] Wani sabon ci gaba shi ne goyon bayan da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi na dawo da kamammun da aka dawo da su (galibi al'adun Yarbawa) don zama a Legas. Da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka dawo, wadanda kuma ake kira Saro, sun sami tagomashi ne daga Turawan ingila kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka fara mamaye halattaccen kasuwanci a Legas. [15]

A cikin shekara ta, 1855, lokacin da Campbell yayi tafiya zuwa Ingila, Tinubu tayi kokarin jan hankalin Dosunmu don takaita tasirin wadanda suka dawo. Dosunmu ba ta amince da bukatarta ba saboda haka, ana zargin Tinubu da taka rawa a cikin boren da aka yi wa wadanda suka dawo inda mijinta, Yesufu Bada, ya kasance babban dan takara. [16] Lokacin da Campbell ya dawo a shekara ta, 1856, ya nemi Dosunmu da ta kori Tinubu. A cikin watan Mayu shekara ta, 1856, an kori Tinubu zuwa Abeokuta. [17] > 

A Abeokuta, Madam Tinubu ta yi cinikin makamai ta ba Abeokuta kayan yaki a yakin da Dahomey . Ta ayyuka a cikin yaki sanã'anta ta da Masarautu title na Iyalode na duk Egbaland .  Yayin da take Abeokuta, ana zargin ta yi adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka a Legas. [18] A shekarar, 1865, gobara ta lakume shagunan wasu 'yan kasuwa gami da wasu kadarorinta da ke Abeokuta. Wannan bai bayyana ya raunana mata kuɗi ba, duk da haka. [18] Tinubu ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan sarauta na Abeokuta shi ma, ya goyi bayan Prince Oyekan akan Ademola don taken Alake na Egbaland a shekara ta, 1879. 

 Rayuwar mutum 
Tinubu ta bayyana cewa ya sake yin wani aure tare da Momoh Bukar, masanin Larabci.  'Ya'yan Momoh daga wasu matan daga baya sun dauki sunan Tinubu.

 Mutuwa da gado 
Tinubu ta mutu a shekarar, 1887.  Filin Tinubu a tsibirin Lagos, wani wuri da a da ake kira da suna Independence Square, an sa mata suna. Ita Tinubu (yankin Tinubu ko kuma Filin Tinubu) an daɗe da sanin wannan sunan tun kafin ƙasar ta samu 'yancin kai, amma shugabannin Jamhuriya ta Farko sun sauya masa suna.

An binne ta a Ojokodo Quarters da ke Abeokuta. 

 Ra'ayoyi game da Cinikin Barorin Trans-Atlantic 
Wasu wallafe-wallafe   sun tabbatar ba tare da wata hujja ba cewa Madam Tinubu ta zama mutum mai canzawa bayan da ta koyi game da muguntar Trans Atlantic Slave Trade.   

Koyaya, tarihin da aka ambata sau da yawa game da Madam Tinubu ta hanyar Oladipo Yemitan yana ba da hoto daban na matsayin rashin tsari da riba.

Wani sashin tarihin Yemitan na Tinubu, wanda ake kira da Amadie-Ojo Affair, ya kama wata yarjejeniyar cinikin bayi da ta yi tsami a shekara ta, 1853 (musamman bayan Yarjejeniyar kawar da bautar a Legas a shekara ta, 1852 ) inda Madam Tinubu ta gaya wa wani dan kasuwar bayi (Domingo Martinez) cewa "ta gwamma gwammato da nutsar da bayin [lamba 20] da a siyar dasu akan ragi ". 

 Manazarta 

Category:Mata
Category:Ƴan Najeriya
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations
Rukuni:Ƴan Afirka da suka mallaki bayi