Trinidad

200px|right|thumbnail|Masjid - Avocat Village, Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi yawan jama'a daga cikin manyan tsibirai biyu na Trinidad da Tobago. Tsibirin yana kwance  daga gefen gabashin arewa maso gabashin Venezuela kuma ya zauna akan yankin na Kudancin Amurka. Ana kiran shi sau da yawa a matsayin tsibirin kudu mafi tsayi a cikin Karibiyan. Tare da yanki na   , kuma shine na biyar mafi girma a cikin West Indies .

 Suna 
Asalin sunan tsibirin a yaren Arawaks shine Iëre wanda ke nufin 'Ƙasar Hummingbird'.  Christopher Columbus ya sake masa suna zuwa La Isla de la Trinidad ('Tsibirin Triniti '), ya cika alwashin da ya yi kafin ya fara tafiyarsa ta uku.  Wannan an taƙaita shi zuwa Trinidad .

 Tarihi 
Caribs da Arawaks sun zauna a Trinidad tun kafin Christopher Columbus ya gamu da tsibirin a tafiyarsa ta uku a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin 1498. Tsibirin ya kasance na Sifen har ya zuwa 1797, amma turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa daga Caribbean na Faransa, musamman Martinique sun daidaita shi sosai. Besson, Gerard (2000-08-27). "Land of Beginnings – A historical digest", Newsday Newspaper. A cikin 1889 tsibiran biyu sun zama masarauta ɗaya ta Mulkin Burtaniya. Trinidad da Tobago sun sami mulkin kansu a 1958 da samun ƴancin kai daga Kasar Ingila a shekarar 1962. 

 Labarin kasa 
Manyan hanyoyin ƙasa sun haɗa da tsaunukan Arewacin, Tsakiya da Kudancin Ranges (jeren wuraren Dinah), da Caroni, Nariva da Oropouche Swamps, da Caroni da filamare Plains. Manyan tsarin kogin sun hada da Caroni, Arewa da Kudancin Oropouche da Ortoire Ribers . Akwai sauran fasalin ƙasa da yawa kamar rairayin bakin teku da ruwa. Trinidad tana da yanayi biyu a shekara ta kalanda: lokacin damina da lokacin rani. El Cerro del Aripo, a mita 940 (3,084 ft), shine wuri mafi girma a Trinidad. Wani bangare ne na Aripo Massif kuma yana yankin Arewacin Range a tsibirin, arewa maso gabashin garin Arima . 

 Yawan jama'a 
Alƙaluman ƙasa na Trinidad da Tobago suna nuna bambancin wannan ƙasa mafi kudu a Yammacin Indiyawan. Wani lokacin ana kiranta da "Ƙasar Bakan Gizo"  ko fiye da haka cikin farin ciki "a callaloo " (yare na gida don abinci mai daɗi wanda aka shirya ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa da yawa)  Akwai bambancin kabilu, addinai, da al'adu.

Ya zuwa ƙidayar Trinidad da Tobago na 2011, yawan jama'a ya kasance 35.43% Indian ta Gabas, 34.22% na Afirka, 7.66% gauraye na Afirka da Indiyawan Gabas, da 15.16% sauran gauraye .  Venezuela ya kuma yi wani babban tasiri a kan Trinidad ta al'ada, kamar gabatar da music style parang zuwa tsibirin. Groupsungiyoyi da yawa sun haɗu. Misali, " Dougla " wani mutum ne daga asalin Afirka da Gabashin Indiya wanda zai iya bayyana kasancewarsa kowane bangare.   

Addini a Trinidad da Tobago ya ƙunshi ɗariku daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da Roman Katolika, Anglican, da sauran ɗariku na Kirista, da kuma addinin Hindu da na Musulmi . Akwai 'yan tsirarun mutane waɗanda ke bin addinan gargajiya na Afirka, addinan Afro-Amurka, Orisha ( Yarabawa ), addinan Amerindian, Yahudanci, Sikh, Jainanci, addinin jama'ar China ( Confucianism da Taoism ), Buddha, Cocin Jesus Christ na Waliyai na terarshe da Bangaskiyar Baháʼí.  Katolika shine babbar ƙungiyar addini a ƙasar. 

Da yawa daga cikin dariku sun bi wannan tsarin shekaru da yawa: Furotesta 32.1% (Pentikostal / Evangelical / Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian / Congregational 2.5%, wasu Furotesta 0.9%), Roman Katolika 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Musulmi 5%, Shaidun Jehovah 1.5%, wasu 8.4%, babu 2.2%, ba a tantance 11.1% ba. 

 Al'adu 
Akwai bukukuwa da yawa da ke nuna al'adun Karibiyan da ƙarfe, wanda ya samo asali daga Trinidad kuma shi ne kayan aikin ƙasar. Wadannan bukukuwa  sun hada da mashahurin Carnival, J'ouvert, da Panorama, gasar gasar kwanon rufin karfe na kasa. Har ila yau, Trinidad tana da ranakun hutu da yawa na jama'a, kamar Ranar Zuwan Indiya, Ranar 'Yanci, Ranar' Yanci, Ranar Jamhuriya, Ranar Aiki, Ranar Dambe, Ranar Sabuwar Shekara, Divali, Phagwah, Eid al-Fitr, Corpus Christi, Juma'a mai kyau, Ista, Ista Litinin, Kirsimeti, da Ranar Ruhaniya Baptist / Shouter Liberation Day. Wuraren mahimmancin al'adu sun haɗa da Mount Saint Benedict da Haikali a cikin Teku.  

 Gandun daji 
Tsibirin Trinidad yana da albarkatun halittu da yawa.  Fauna yana da yawa daga asalin Kudancin Amurka. Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa kusan 100 da suka hada da biri na Guyanese red howler, da peccary wanda aka hada shi, da jan buhun dawa, da olot da kuma kusan jemage 70.  Akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400 ciki har da pipin Trinidad piping-guan. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da wakilci sosai, tare da kusan nau'ikan 92 da aka rubuta ciki har da mafi yawan nau'in maciji a duniya, koren anaconda, caiman mai kyan gani, da ɗayan manyan ƙadangare a cikin Amurka, kore iguana. Trinidad kuma ita ce mafi girman wurin da ake yin tururuwa mai juya fata a yammacin duniya ( kunkuru mai fata ) suna gida a bakin gabas da arewacin Trinidad. Akwai nau'ikan kwaɗi guda 37 da aka tattara, gami da ƙaramin iccen zinariyar El Tucuche na zinariya, da kuma babbar yaduwar sandar kara . Kusan nau'ikan kifayen kifi 43 an san su daga Trinidad, gami da sananniyar guppy . An kiyasta cewa akwai akalla arthropods 80,000, da kuma aƙalla nau'in 600 na malam buɗe ido . 

 Tattalin arziki 
Tattalin arzikin Trinidad da Tobago ya banbanta, ya dogara da yawa akan mai, gas, masana'antu da noma. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin fitar da iskar gas a duniya kuma daga cikin manyan masu fitar da gas na gas da kuma mafi girman rijiyar iskar gas da aka gano kwanan nan a kudancin Trinidad. Wannan ya ba Trinidad damar cin gajiyar manyan ma'adanai a cikin yankunanta. Ƙasa ce mai arziƙin man fetur kuma tana da ƙarfin tattalin arziki. 

 Ilimin kasa da kasa 
Ƙasar Venezuela zurfi Basin ne subsidence tasa kafa tsakanin Caribbean da Kudancin Amirka faranti, kuma aka daure a kan arewa da tekun jeri na Venezuela da kuma Northern Range na Trinidad, kuma a daure a kan kudu ta Guayana Shield . Bane & Chanpong, p. 392. Wannan Guayana garkuwa kawota lafiya-grained clastic sediments, wanda tare da subsidence, kafa wani yankin korau nauyi anomaly da kuma ci gaban da zunubansu . Bane & Chanpong, p. 387. Man fetur da kuma iskar gas binciken daga Pliocene Moruga Group hada Teak (1968), Samaan (1971), Poui (1972) da kuma Galeota. Woodside, P.R., The Petroleum Geology of Trinidad and Tobago, 1981, USGS Report 81-660, Washington: US Dept. of the Interior, pp. 2 and 25 Waɗannan filayen galibi lalatattun tarko ne waɗanda ke samarwa daga zurfin  subsea, tare da Teak wanda ya mallaki layin hydrocarbon kusan  mai kauri 

Yankin Arewacin Yankin Jurassic ne na Lowerananan - Cananan ousananan duwatsu masu kama da duwatsu waɗanda suka buge gabas da kuma tsallaka kudu. Yankin kudu na kewayon yana da alamar kuskure daga Tsarin El Pilar Fault a Venezuela. Kudancin wannan kuskuren shine Basin na Arewa, ko Caroni Syncline, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan duwatsu masu ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda ba zai yiwu ba ya mamaye Jurassic da Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Kudancin wannan kwarin shine Yankin Tsakiya, wanda ya kunshi manyan tsaffin tsaunuka na kwance wadanda basu da daidaituwa akan dutsen Lower Eocene da Paleocene . Kudancin wannan zangon shi ne filin fili na Naparima, bel na Oligocene da gadajen Terananan Tertiary . Hanyoyin Hydrocarbon masu dauke da layukan sun hada da wadanda ke hade da Pitch Lake, Reserve Reserve, Point Fortin, Penal, Barrackpore, da Balata Fields. The Los Bajos Laifi ne a tsananin baƙin ciki Laifi, tare da Lower Pliocene hijirar na 6,51 mil, kẽwayesu a kan arewa da Siparia syncline, da kuma a kan kudu da Erin syncline. Aƙarshe, Yankin Kudancin ya kunshi dunƙulen dawakai, ciki har da Rock Dome-Herrera anticline da filin Moruga-West. Gabas wannan Rock Dome ne en echelon folds dauke da lizard Springs Field. Kudancin waɗannan lamuran wani salon juzu'i ne mai ɗauke da Yankin Moruga-Gabas, Guayaguayare, Ruwa, da Galeota Filin. Kudancin filin Morne Diablo-Quinam Erin Field yamma shine babban layin da aka narkar da shi wanda ke hade da diapirism na shale, wanda ya fadada yamma kudu maso yamma zuwa Filin Pedernales a kudu maso gabashin Venezuela. Yankin arewa maso gabas na Kudancin Range ya rabu zuwa yanayin arewacin wanda ke dauke da Lizard Springs, Navette, da kuma Yankin Mayaro, yayin da yanayin kudancin ya ƙunshi Filin Ruwa. Woodside, P.R., The Petroleum Geology of Trinidad and Tobago, 1981, USGS Report 81-660, Washington: US Dept. of the Interior, pp. 2 and 25 : 5-9

 Nishaɗi 
Trinidad ana ɗauka ɗayan daga mafi kyaun wurare a duniya don ɗaukar tarfin Atlantic .

Sake duba

 Trinidad da Tobago
 Tobago

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗin waje 

 Gotrinidadandtobago.com: Tashar Trinidad da Tobago
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