Guatemala (ƙasa)

Guatemala bisa hukuma Jamhuriyar Guatemala ( Spanish:   ), kasa ce a Amurka ta tsakiya . Guatemala tana iyaka da arewa da yamma da Mexico ; zuwa arewa maso gabas ta Belize da Caribbean ; zuwa gabas ta Honduras ; zuwa kudu maso gabas ta El Salvador da kudu ta tekun Pacific, bi da bi. Tare da kiyasin yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 17.6,   ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka ta tsakiya kuma ita ce ƙasa ta 11 mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Amurka . Guatemala ita ce dimokuradiyya mai wakilci ; Babban birninta kuma mafi girma birni shine Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, wanda kuma aka sani da Guatemala City, birni mafi girma a Amurka ta tsakiya.

Jigon wayewar Maya, wanda ya mamaye Mesoamerica, ya kasance a tarihi a cikin ƙasar Guatemala ta zamani. A cikin karni na 16, yawancin wannan yanki Mutanen Espanya ne suka mamaye su kuma sun yi iƙirarin a matsayin wani ɓangare na mataimakan sabuwar Spain. Guatemala ta sami 'yancin kai a 1821 daga Spain da Mexico. A cikin 1823 Guatemala ta zama wani yanki na Tarayyar Amurka ta Tsakiya, wacce ta rushe ta 184.

Daga tsakiyar- zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19, Guatemala ta sha fama da rashin zaman lafiya da rikicin cikin gida. Tun daga farkon karni na 20, jerin ’yan mulkin kama-karya ne ke samun goyon bayan Kamfanin United Fruit Company da gwamnatin Amurka. A cikin 1944, an hambarar da shugaban mulkin kama-karya Jorge Ubico ta hanyar juyin mulkin soji na dimokuradiyya, wanda ya haifar da juyin juya hali na tsawon shekaru goma wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Wani juyin mulkin soja da Amurka ta goyi bayan a shekarar 1954 ya kawo karshen juyin juya hali tare da kafa mulkin kama-karya.[10]

Daga 1960 zuwa 1996, Guatemala ta jimre da yakin basasa mai zubar da jini tsakanin gwamnatin Amurka da 'yan tawayen hagu, gami da kisan kiyashi na al'ummar Maya da sojoji suka yi.Lovell 2005, p. 58. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi shawarwari ta haifar da ci gaba da bunkasar tattalin arziki da gudanar da zabukan dimokuradiyya cikin nasara, ko da yake talauci, laifuka, safarar muggan kwayoyi, da rashin zaman lafiyar jama'a na ci gaba da zama manyan batutuwa.

Ko da yake yana da wadatar kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, kusan kashi daya bisa hudu na al'ummar kasar (miliyan 4.6) na fuskantar matsalar karancin abinci, lamarin da ya kara tabarbare sakamakon matsalar karancin abinci da ake fama da ita sakamakon mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine.

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