Kunnandarkoil Cave Temple

Haikalin Kogon Kunnandarkoil a Kunnandarkoil, wani ƙauye a gundumar Pudukottai a jihar Tamil Nadu ta Kudancin Indiya, an sadaukar da shi ne ga allahn Hindu na Shiva . An gina shi a cikin gine-ginen dutsen , an yi imanin cewa sarakunan Muttaraiyar, Cardinal Pallavas, ne suka gina haikalin a cikin ƙarni na 8 tare da fadada daga Daular Vijayanagar daga baya. Tsarin gine-ginen dutse a cikin haikalin shine samfurin marigayi Pallava Art da farkon misalin Chola Art. Haikalin yana da rubutu iri-iri daga Cholas, Chalukyas, Pandyas da Vijayanagar Empire . Ana kuma ɗaukar haikalin ɗayan tsoffin wuraren bautar duwatsu a Kudancin Indiya. Sashen Kula da Archaeological Survey na Indiya yana kula da shi kuma ana kula da shi a matsayin abin tunawa da abin tunawa. 

 Tarihi 
Kunnandarkoil ya samo sunan daga Kundru-Andan-Koil ma'ana Ubangijin tudu a cikin haikalin. Mutharaiyars ne suka mallake Kunnandarkoil da yankin da ke kusa da shi a cikin karni na 7 zuwa 9, inda wasu mukaraban sojoji karkashin Pallavas suke . Medieval Cholas ta kame yankin daga baya. Asalin haikalin kogon mutumin Muttaraiyar ne ya gina wanda shine mukaddashin sarki Pallava Nandivarman II (710-775 CE), wanda kuma ake kira Nandivarman Pallava Malla. Rubutun farko shine daga lokacin Nandivarman da ɗansa Dantivarman wanda ke nuna gudummawa mai karimci ga mutanen Vedic (koya) yayin bikin Thiruvadirai.  Soundara Rajan yana gano haikalin zuwa ƙari yayin farkon rabin ƙarni na 8.  Akwai rubuce-rubuce daga baya daga Cholas, Chalukyas, Pandyas da Vijayanagar Empire . A cikin karni na 14, ƙauyen ya sami rarrabuwa biyu ga jama'ar Kallar .  Wasu daga cikin nazarin rubutun an nuna cewa akwai tsauraran hukunci da aka ɗora akan mutanen da suke yin fashi a ƙauyuka masu nisa kamar Kunnandarkoil. 

A zamanin yau, Ma'aikatar Archaeological Survey na Indiya suna kula da shi kuma suna kula da shi a matsayin babban abin tunawa. 

 Gine-gine 
Haikalin yana cikin Kunnandarkoil, wani dutse mai duwatsu a gundumar Pudukottai a kudancin Tamil Nadu . Kogon yana da siffofin girman rai guda uku na siffofin Shiva daban-daban.  Babban gidan ibada yana fuskantar Gabas kuma tsattsarkan gidan yana da hoto na Lingam, wani abin mamakin wakiltar Shiva. Ana bautar Shiva a matsayin Parvathagiriswarar. Bangon tsarkakakken fili ne, ba kamar ɗakunan Chola na baya ba waɗanda ke da wadatattun wurare don ɗaukar hotuna daban-daban. Ana gab da tsattsarkan gidan ta hanyar Arthamandapa, zauren da ke da ginshiƙai. Dvarapalas ne ke kula da tsattsarkan gidan daga kowane bangare. Ana yin rubutun ne a gindin Dvarapalas. Akwai hotunan hoto guda biyu, ɗayan ɗayan an bayyana shi da shugaban Mutharaiyar wanda ya gina haikalin ɗayan kuma mataimaki ne. 

 Mahimmanci 
Haikalin da ke cikin gine-ginen dutse misali ne na farko na Cholan Art, yana ci gaba da al'adar Pallavas. Ana adana hotunan kowane mutum da aka samo daga wurin a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Gwamnatin Pudukottia. Nrita Mandapa mutum ɗari ɗin da aka lalata yana da ginshiƙai ginshiƙai, irin na fasahar Vijayanaagar. Hotunan tagulla a cikin haikalin sune farkon samfurin kyawawan abubuwa da aka sassaka a cikin zane-zane na Kudancin Indiya. Tagulla na Somaskanda tare da Shiva da Parvathi, tare da ɗansu Skanda shine mafi shahara tsakanin tagulla a cikin haikalin. 

 Manazarta