Majalisar Masarautar Kano

Majalisar Masarautar Kano jiha ce ta gargajiya a Arewacin Najeriya tare da hedikwatar a birnin Kano, babban birnin Jihar Kano ta zamani. Da Masarautar Kano ta riga ta kafa majalisa a shekarar 1903 bayan zaman lafiya na Burtaniya na Khalifancin Sokoto .  Yankunan Masarautar suna da al'ada da Jihar Kano.

Ado Bayero ya zama sarkin a shekara ta 1963, ya yi mulki na shekaru 50 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 2014; ya kula da sauyawar Masarautar a karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin tarayya na Najeriya wanda ke ba da ikon mallakar Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya ga shugabannin siyasa.  Sarkin Kano yana aiki ne a matsayin shugaban tsarin sufi a Najeriya, a tarihi matsayi na biyu mafi muhimmanci na Musulmi a Najeriya bayan Sultan na Sokoto wanda shine shugaban mafi yawan jama'a na Qadiriyya sufi a Najeriya.

 Tarihi 
A cikin shekara ta 1903, sojojin Burtaniya sun kama Kano.Lokacin Sarkin Kano na 7, wanda ke Sokoto lokacin da aka mamaye Kanon, an kama shi kuma aka tura shi gudun hijira zuwa Lokoja inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1926. Nan da nan Birtaniya ta sanya Kano muhimmiyar cibiyar gudanarwa a Arewacin Najeriya.

Matsayin Masarautar Kano ya ci gaba da girma a cikin sabuwar Arewacin Najeriya. A cikin shekarun 1940s sake tsara gudanarwa ya dawo da matsayin shawarwari na tsohuwar Taran Kano ko majalisar tara, wannan ya koma baya daga matsayin Sarkin a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Ƙasa guda ɗaya kuma a maimakon haka ya sanya shi shugaban Ƙasar.

Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1940 tashin hankali na Arewacin Najeriya don samun 'yancin kai daga Kudu ya haifar da sake tsarawa ta kasa wanda ya sanya Najeriya Tarayyar yankuna masu zaman kansu da masu cin gashin kansu. Kano ta zama tushen sabon tsarin siyasa na Arewa wanda ya fito don yaƙi da tasirin kudancin da aka gani.

A cikin 1950 Northern Elements Progressive Union ta fito a Kano a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa ta farko a Arewacin Najeriya, nan da nan ta biyo bayan fitowar Majalisar Jama'ar Arewa da sauran kananan jam'iyyun siyasa.
A cikin shekara ta 1963, an gabatar da zarge-zargen zamba da cin zarafi a kan Sarkin Kano Sanusi Bayero. Wani kwamitin da D M Muffet ya jagoranta daga baya ya sami shaidar rashin daidaituwa kuma ya ba da shawarar murabus din Sanusi. Nan da nan bayan haka, Sarkin Sanusi ya yi murabus kuma kawunsa Inuwa Abbas ya maye gurbinsa wanda ya yi mulki na watanni tara kawai kafin mutuwarsa. Rashin amincewar Sanusi ya haifar da tashin hankali na 'yancin kai na Kanon kuma ya haifar da fitowar Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Kano. Inuwa ya gaji dan uwansa Ado Bayero wanda ya yi sarauta na shekaru 50 kafin mutuwarsa a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2014.

Sauye-sauye daban-daban na gudanarwa a cikin mulkin Bayero sun kawo raguwar ikon Sarkin a hankali. Kodayake Sarkin yana da iyakar iko, ya ci gaba da yin amfani da iko mai yawa kuma yana ba da jagoranci kan batutuwa kamar tashin hankali tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmai a Arewacin Najeriya. A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, an zabi tsohon babban bankin Najeriya Muhammadu Sanusi II don ya gaji Bayero a matsayin Sarkin Kano.

Sanusi ya rabu da al'adun gargajiya na fadar, wanda ke sa ran sarkin ba zai yi magana da gaskiya ba kuma ya rage jawabinsa kuma ya ba da kawai lokacin da ake buƙata. Sanusi a gefe guda an san shi da yin magana da gaskiya, kuma ya yi sharhi daban-daban game da siyasar kananan hukumomi.

 Rikici da karamar hukuma 
A cikin shekara ta 2019, gwamnatin Jihar Kano ta raba masarautar zuwa kashi biyar,  wanda ya kashe Masarautar Bichi, Karaye, Gaya da Rano, ban da raguwar Masarautar Kano.  Gwamnan jihar Kano, Abdullahi Umar Ganduje ne ya jagoranci wannan shawarar, a kokarin rage tasirin sarkin Kano. Sanusi a san shi da sukar gwamnati kuma, kai tsaye, gwamnan da kansa. An kuma zarge shi da tallafawa jam'iyyar hamayyar Gandujes a lokacin zaben shekara ta 2019, Abba Kabir Yusuf .  Sanusi ya kasa bayyana a ayyukan gwamnati na hukuma da tarurruka na hukuma, biyo bayan jayayya da gwamnan. Wannan rikici ya ƙare tare da tilasta fitar da Sanusi a matsayin sarkin a watan Maris na shekarar 2020, biyo bayan zarge-zargen cewa yana da "cikakken rashin girmamawa" ga karamar hukuma. An maye gurbin Sanusi a matsayin sarkin da Aminu Ado Bayero . 
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024, karamar hukumar (wanda Abba Kabir Yusuf ke jagoranta yanzu) ta sake sanya Muhammadu Sanusi II a matsayin Sarkin Kano. Masarautun Bichi, Karaye, Gaya, da Rano an rushe su, kuma a sake kafa iyakokin asalin masarautar (kafin shekara ta 2019).[1][2] Maido da shi ya zama mai kawo rigima, tare da umarnin kotu masu rikitarwa a lokaci guda suna umarnin gwamnatin Kano da ta cire Sanusi a matsayin sarkin (wanda Babban Kotun Tarayya ta bayar), yayin da Babban Kotun Jihar Kano ta hana hukumomin gida (kamar 'yan sanda) daga cire Sanusi daga matsayin sarkin. Bugu da kari, Aminu Ado Bayero (wanda ya maye gurbin Sanusi a matsayin sarkin shekaru 4 da suka gabata) ya ki barin fadarsa a Nasarawa.[3] A ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekarar  2024, an sanar da wani umarnin kotu, daga Babban Kotun Tarayya ta Kano, wanda ya soke Majalisar Masarautar Kano (Gwamnatin No. 2) Dokar, wacce ta sake dawo da Sanusi a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna kuma ta lalata masarautun Bichi, Karaye, Gaya, da Rano.[4] A cikin rikici da wannan ra'ayi, Gwamnatin Jihar Kano ta amsa umarnin kotu da aka ambata a sama, kuma ta bayyana cewa ta tabbatar da shawarar da suka yanke na soke masarautun kuma ta sake dawo da Sanusi a matsayin Sarkin Kano.[5][6]

A watan Yulin shekarar 2024, gwamnatin Jihar Kano ta sake kafa masarautun Karaye, Gaya, da Rano a matsayin masarautun aji na biyu a ƙarƙashin ikon Masarautar Kano ta farko. Wannan yanke shawara ta sake kafa masarautun da aka kirkira a baya a cikin shekara ta 2019, amma sun riƙe ikon Kano gaba ɗaya a kansu; masarautarsu za su kasance masu ba da gudummawa ga sarkin Kano. Musamman, ba a sake kafa Masarautar Bichi ba.

 Gwamnati 
A karkashin tsarin gudanarwa na kai tsaye na Burtaniya Sarkin shine kadai ikon mallakar asalin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar mazaunin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Hakimai (Shugabannin) sun taimaka wa Sarkin sarakuna a cikin gwamnatin Masarautar kuma a karkashin sake tsarawa ta Dokta Cargill Mazaunin lardin Kano an tura Hakimai daga babban birnin zuwa Gundumomi a matsayin Shugabannin Gundumar.

Sake tsara Cargill ya sanya kowane Hakimi ya sami yankin da ke kusa inda ya zauna a hedikwatar kuma ya gudanar a madadin Sarkin sarakuna da Jakadu an kawar da su. Har ila yau, ba a ba wa manyan jami'an bayi ba kuma an ba da dukiyarsu ta baya ga Hakimai da aka haifa kyauta mafi yawansu na dangin Sullubawa ne tare da kowannensu daga Yolawa, Jobawa, Danbazawa, Sullubawan Tuta waɗanda suka zama masu yin sarakuna da suka nada Sarkin sarakuna.

 Kasuwanci 
Birtaniya ta karfafa samar da kayayyaki don fitarwa a matsayin albarkatun kasa ga masana'antun Burtaniya. A Kano an karfafa groundnut da auduga. Lardin Kano ya zama mafi girma mai samar da groundnut a Najeriya kuma a cikin shekarun 1960 a lokacin girbi mai kyau yana samar da kusan rabin tan miliyan na kayan. Fitar da auduga bai kasance mai girma ba kamar nut saboda masu sana'a na gida sun yi amfani da shi har sai daga baya lokacin da samfuran su suka zama marasa gasa idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da aka shigo da su. Jirgin ƙasa ya kasance babban mai ba da gudummawa ga canjin tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka. Ya isa Kano a shekarar 1912 kuma ya taimaka wa lardin don kula da tattalin arzikinsa a kan wasu larduna. Baya ga sauƙin sufuri ya kuma kawo ma'aikatan ƙaura da yawa da ƙwararrun mutane daga wasu sassan Najeriya kuma sun kafa cibiyar Sabon Gari sabon gundumar da aka kirkira musu a waje da birnin Kano.

 Emirs 
Emirs a lokacin da kuma bayan mulkin mallaka: 

 Muhammad Abbass (ya yi mulki a shekara ta 1903 zuwa shekarar 1919)
 Usman II (ya yi mulki a shekara ta 1919 zuwa shekarar 1926)
 Abdullahi Bayero (ya yi mulki  a shekara ta 1926 zuwa shekarar 1953)
 Muhammadu Sanusi (ya yi mulki a shekara ta 1954 zuwa shekarar 1963)
 Muhammad Inuwa (ya yi mulki a shekara ta 1963) 
 Ado Bayero (ya yi mulki  a shekarar 1963 ,6  ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2014)
 Muhammadu Sanusi II (8  ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2014  zuwa  9 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2020)
 Aminu Ado Bayero (9 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2020 zuwa 23 ga watan  Mayu, shekara ta  2024)
 Muhammadu Sanusi II (23 ga watan Mayu,shekara ta  2024  zuwa  yanzu)

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