Jami'a

Jami'a: babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce. Kalmar jami'a ta fito ne daga Latin universitis magistrorum et scholarium, wanda ke nufin "ƙungiyar malamai da malamai".  Ɗalibai na iya zuwa jami'a don samun ilimin digiri. Saɓanin karatun da suka yi a baya, kwasa-kwasan a jami'a kwararru ne. Mutumin da yake karatun nazarin halittu a jami'a yana da kwasa-kwasai da yawa game da ilimin halitta da ƙananan kwasa-kwasan a wasu fannoni kamar yare ko tarihi. Don samun digiri mafi girma, dole ne mutane suyi ɗan bincike.

Ba duk darussan ake bayarwa a jami'o'i ba. Galibi, jami'o'i suna ba da kwasa-kwasan da suka shafi ilimin. Galibi ba sa ba da kwasa-kwasan sana'a. A wasu lokuta kamar doka, inda akwai ilimin  maganganu na yau da kullun, jami'a tana yin akasarin ƙa'idojin batun. Cancantar a aikace wasu wurare ne.

 Tarihi 
Jami'o'in an kirkire su ne a Turai a lokaci tsararru. Cibiyar farko ta wannan nau'in ita ce Jami'ar Bologna, wacce daga baya ta zama abin koyi ga sauran cibiyoyin ilimi.

Da farko, jami'o'in sun ƙirƙiro kansu ne bisa ƙirar ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru kuma kamar kusan duk abin da ke Tsakiyar Zamani, sun kasance suna ɗaure da Chocin Katolika. A farkon, sun yi aiki don koyar da abin da ake kira " zane-zane bakwai masu sassaucin ra'ayi " ( trivium da quadrivium ):

 Trivium : nahawu, dabaru da lafazi.
 Quadrivium : ilimin lissafi da lissafi, ilmin taurari dakiɗa.

Wannan farkon rarrabuwa ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin fagen adabi da kimiyya. Daga ra'ayi guda, mafi tsufa jami'a a duniya ita ce jami'ar Qarawiyyin. Koyaya, koyar da addini ba shine ma'anar da yawancin mutane ke amfani da ita ba. Dole ne jami'a ta koyar da kowane fanni.

Ana kallon jami'a a matsayin ɗabi'a mai ƙa'ida wacce ta samo asali daga al'adar Kiristanci na zamanin da.  Verger, Jacques. “The Universities and Scholasticism,” in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume V c. 1198–c. 1300. Cambridge University Press, 2007, 257. Turai mafi girma ilimi ya faru ga daruruwan shekaru a babban coci makarantu ko zuhudu makarantu (scholae monasticae). A can, sufaye da mata masu zuhudu suka koyar da darasi: shaidar waɗannan kwanakin sun koma karni na 6. 

Jami'o'in Paris da Oxford membobin cocin ne suka kafa su. Gordon Leff 1968. Paris and Oxford Universities in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries: an institutional and intellectual history. Wiley, 1968. Daga baya sarakuna suka kafa jami'o'in.

A farkon zamanin da, yawancin sabbin jami'oi an kafa su ne daga makarantun da suka kasance, yawanci idan waɗannan makarantu suka zama manyan wuraren manyan makarantu. Johnson P. 2000. The Renaissance: a short history. New York: Modern Library, p9. Paparoma Gregory VII ya inganta manufar jami'ar zamani a matsayin Dokar Papal 1079. Ya ba da umarnin a kafa makarantu na babban coci, wadanda daga karshe suka rikide zuwa jami'o'in Turai na farko. Thomas Oestreich 1913. Pope St. Gregory VII. In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

 Ƙungiya 
Jami'a na iya haɗawa da cibiyoyi da yawa ko wurare daban-daban inda furofesoshi ke koyarwa. A cikin kowane harabar akwai fannoni da yawa da makarantun jami'a (galibi don koyarwa), da kuma ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje, sassan da cibiyoyin bincike. Yawancin makarantu suna da gidaje don ɗalibai a cikin gine-ginen da ake kira ɗakuna da tsari kamar ɗakunan karatu, ɗakunan karatu da wuraren motsa jiki don ɗaliban da ke zaune a ciki. Kowace makaranta tana ba da kwasa-kwasai da yawa waɗanda ɗalibai ke ɗauka don samun digiri. Mutumin da ke da babban iko na iko da ba da umarni a cikin jami'a shine shugaban jami'a, wanda ke jagorantar jami'ar tare da taimakon jam'iyyar mataimakin rektoci da na sauran gabobi kamar majalisar zamantakewar al'umma da hukumar mulki.

 Sanannun jami'o'i 

Masarautar Ingila 

 Jami'ar Aberdeen
 Jami'ar Aston
 Jami'ar Birmingham
 Jami'ar Bristol
 Jami'ar Queens, Belfast
 Jami'ar Cambridge
 Jami'ar Coventry
 Jami'ar Dundee
 Jami'ar Durham
 Jami'ar Edinburgh
 Jami'ar Exeter
 Jami'ar Glasgow
 Jami'ar Leeds
 Jami'ar London
 Kwalejin Sarki ta London
 Jami'ar Jami'ar London
 Jami'ar Manchester
 Jami'ar Bude
 Jami'ar Oxford
 Jami'ar St Andrews
 Jami'ar Wales

 sin 

 Jami'ar Peking
 Jami'ar Tsinghua
 Jami'ar Hong Kong

Jamus 

 Jami'ar Berlin ta kyauta
 Jami'ar Goethe Frankfurt
 Jami'ar Tübingen

Malesiya 

 Jami'ar Malaya
 Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

Meziko 

 UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México . Babban jami'a mafi mahimmanci a Mexico da Latin Amurka
 UdG, Jami'ar Guadalajara . Ita ce jami'a ta biyu mafi tsufa a cikin Meziko, ana ɗaukarta ɗayan manyan jami'o'i a Mexico.
 IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
 ITESM, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
 ITAM, Instituto Tecnoloógico Autónomo de México

Sweden 

 Jami'ar Chalmers
 Cibiyar Karolinska
 Jami'ar Lund
 Royal Institute of Technology
 Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Stockholm
 Jami'ar Uppsala
 Jami'ar Umeå

Kasar Finland 

 Jami'ar Akbo Akademi
 Jami'ar Aalto
 Jami'ar Helsinki

Taraiyar Amurka 
Akwai ƙungiyar shahararrun jami'o'i da ake kira Ivy League . Sune:

 Jami'ar Harvard
 Jami'ar Princeton
 Jami'ar Yale
 Jami'ar Brown
 Jami'ar Cornell
 Kwalejin Dartmouth
 Jami'ar Columbia
 Jami'ar Pennsylvania

Wasu shahararrun jami'o'in kuma sune:

 Cibiyar Fasaha ta California
 Jami'ar Duke
 Massachusetts Cibiyar Fasaha
 Jami'ar Stanford
 Jami'ar Chicago
 Jami'ar Georgetown
 Jami'ar California, Berkeley
 Jami'ar Jihar Ohio
 Jami'ar Jihar Illinois

 Kanada 

 Jami'ar Carleton
 Jami'ar McGill
 Jami'ar McMaster
 Jami'ar Sarauniya
 Jami'ar British Columbia
 Jami'ar New Brunswick
 Jami'ar Ottawa
 Jami'ar Toronto
 Jami'ar Waterloo
 Jami'ar Western Ontario

 Poland 

 Jami'ar Warsaw
 Jami'ar Jagiellonian

Japan 

 Jami'ar Tokyo
 Jami'ar Kyoto
 Jami'ar Waseda
 Jami'ar Osaka

Italiya 

 Jami'ar Bologna

 Ostiraliya 

 Jami'ar (asa ta Australiya
 Jami'ar Melbourne
 Jami'ar Deakin
 Jami'ar New South Wales

 Chile 

 Jami'ar Chile (Universidad de Chile)
 Jami'ar Katolika ta Chile (Universidad Católica de Chile)
 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Metropolitan (Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana)

 Turkiya 

Romania 

 Kwalejin Naval "Mircea cel Batran" (ANMB)

Najeriya
 Jami'ar Bayero Kano
 Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya
 Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina

Koriya ta Kudu 

 Jami'ar Kasa ta Seoul
 Jami'ar Yonsei
 Jami'ar Koriya

Hotuna

 Manazarta 

 Tarihin Jami'o'in 
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations