New Zealand

Newzealand ko Niyu ZilanSunayen Kasashe da Manyan Birane, BBC. (da Turanci, New Zealand) kasa ce, da ke a Oseaniya. Babban birnin ƙasar newzealand Wellington ne; birnin mafi girman kasar Auckland ne. Sabuwar Zelandiya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i . Newzealand tana da yawan jama'a , bisa, ga jimilla a shekarar 2020. Akwai tsibirai dari shida(600) a cikin kasar newzealand. Newzealand ta samu yancizen kanta a shekara ta 1907.Wilson, John (March 2009). "European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2011. "The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement"

Firaministan kasar newzealand Jacinda Ardern ne daga shekara ta 2017. 

Etymology
Ƙarin bayani: Sunaye na New Zealand
Takardar murabba'i mai launin ruwan rawaya tare da rubutun Yaren mutanen Holland da ja mai kauri mai kauri, layi mai lanƙwasa
Cikakkun bayanai daga taswirar 1657 da ke nuna gabar tekun yammacin Nova Zeelandia (a kan wannan taswira, arewa tana ƙasa)
Baƙon Bature na farko zuwa New Zealand, ɗan ƙasar Holland mai binciken Abel Tasman, ya sanya wa tsibirin suna Staten Land, yana ganin sun kasance wani ɓangare na Staten Landt da Jacob Le Maire ya hango a ƙarshen Kudancin Kudancin Amurka.["European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement"  Bathgate, John. "The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement". NZETC. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2018. He named the country Staaten Land, in honour of the States-General of Holland, in the belief that it was part of the great southern continent.  "European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement" >Daga baya an sanya wannan sunaans zuwa New Zealand.[,Mackay, Duncan (1986). "The Search for the Southern Land". In Fraser, B. (ed.). The New Zealand Book of Events. Auckland: Reed Methuen. pp. 52–54. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand

[Grant (Lord Glenelg), Charles (1836). "Extract of a Despatch from Lord Glenelg to Major-General Sir Richard Bourke, New South Wales". Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via Waitangi Associates., Palmer 2008

Aotearoa (lafazi: [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa] a cikin Māori da /ˌaʊtɛəˈroʊ.ə/ a cikin Ingilishi; galibi ana fassara shi azaman 'ƙasar farin gajimare') [King 2003, p. 41 shine sunan Māori na yanzu don New Zealand. Ba a sani ba ko Māori yana da suna ga dukan ƙasar kafin zuwan Turawa; Aotearoa asalinsa yana nufin tsibirin Arewa kawai. Hay, Maclagan & Gordon 2008, yana da sunaye na gargajiya da yawa na manyan tsibiran guda biyu, ciki har da Te Ika-a-Māui ('kifin Maui') na Tsibirin Arewa da Te Waipounamu ('ruwa na greenstone') ko Te Waka o Aoraki (' kwalekwalen Aoraki') na tsibirin Kudu.Mein Smith 2005 Island / Rakiura).Brunner, Thomas (1851). The Great Journey: An expedition to explore the interior of the Middle Island, New Zealand, 1846-8. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2010. A cikin 1830, masu yin taswira sun fara amfani da "Arewa" da "Kudu" akan taswirorinsu don bambance manyan tsibirai biyu, kuma zuwa 1907, wannan shine ka'ida da aka yarda da ita.McKinnon, Malcolm (November 2009). "Place names – Naming the country and the main islands". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2011.  Williamson, Maurice (10 October 2013). "Names of NZ's two main islands formalised" (Press release). New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017 ga kowane tsibiri, ana iya amfani da sunan sa na Ingilishi ko na Māori, ko kuma a yi amfani da su tare.Williamson, Maurice (10 October 2013). "Names of NZ's two main islands formalised" (Press release). New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017
"COVID-19: Elimination strategy for Aotearoa New Zealand" ]  10.1080/03036758.2021.1908208  da haka, wannan ba shi da masaniya a hukumance.Using 'Aotearoa' and 'New Zealand' together 'as it should be' - Jacinda Ardern". Newshub. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021

 Tarihin kasa 
Tarihi
Babban labarin: Tarihin New Zealand
Don jagorar tarihin lokaci, duba Timeline na tarihin New Zealand.Mein Smith 2005
Saitin kibau ɗaya yana nunawa daga Taiwan zuwa Melanesia zuwa Fiji/Samoa sannan zuwa tsibirin Marquesas. Daga nan sai jama'a suka bazu, wasu sun nufi kudu zuwa New Zealand, wasu kuma suka nufi arewa zuwa Hawai'i. Saiti na biyu yana farawa a kudancin Asiya kuma ya ƙare a Melanesia.
Mutanen Māori sun fito ne daga mutanen Polynesia waɗanda kakanninsu suka yi hijira daga Taiwan zuwa Melanesia tsakanin 3000 zuwa 1000 KZ sannan suka yi tafiya gabas, suka isa tsibirin Society c. 1000 CE. Bayan dakatar da shekaru 200 zuwa 300, sabon yanayin bincike ya haifar da ganowa da daidaitawar New Zealand."Kupe". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Te Papa Tongarewa. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2024. "High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians"
Na farko ."Kupe". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Te Papa Tongarewa. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2024. Wadannan hadisai sun yi nuni da cewa, sai Kupe ya kasance tare da wani babban tawaga na mazauna, wadanda suka taso daga Hawaiki a gabashin Polynesia a wajajen shekara ta 1350.Howe, K.R. (2005). "'Ideas about Māori origins – 1840s–early 20th century: Māori tradition and the Great Fleet'". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024. Howe, K.R. (2005). "'Ideas about Māori origins – 1840s–early 20th century: Māori tradition and the Great Fleet'". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024. [Walters, Richard; Buckley, Hallie; Jacomb, Chris; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (7 October 2017). "Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand". Journal of World Prehistory. 30 (4): 351–376. doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y. "Genealogies as a basis for Maori chronology"  ]"The Peopling of the Pacific from a Bacterial Perspective" Ba a bayyana ainihin ranar wannan sulhu ba, tare da kafofin kwanan nan suna son sasantawa a cikin karni na 14. Yayin da bambancin DNA na mitochondrial a cikin al'ummar Māori ya ba da shawarar cewa an fara zama New Zealand tsakanin 1250 da 1300, Mein Smith 2005, p. 6   Wilmshurst, J. M.; Anderson, A. J.; Higham, T. F. G.; Worthy, T. H. (2008). "Dating the late prehistoric dispersal of Polynesians to New Zealand using the commensal Pacific rat". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (22): 7676–80. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.7676W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801507105. PMC 2409139. PMID 18523023. , Murray-McIntosh, Rosalind P.; Scrimshaw, Brian J.; Hatfield, Peter J.; Penny, David (1998). "Testing migration patterns and estimating founding population size in Polynesia by using human mtDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (15): 9047–52. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.9047M. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.9047. PMC 21200. PMID 9671802. ragowar ɗan adam, kayan tarihi ko tsarin da za a iya dogara da su a baya fiye da fashewar Kaharoa na Dutsen Tarawera a kusa da 1314 AZ."High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians" Wannan yanayin kuma ya yi daidai da layi na uku da aka yi muhawara a kai na shaidar baka, Moon, Paul (2013). "12 – The Great Fleet". Encounters: The Creation of New Zealand: The Creation o New Zealand ePub. Google Books: Penguin Random House New Zealand. ISBN 9781742539188. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.  "Hemispheric black carbon increase after the 13th-century Māori arrival in New Zealand" waau Māori daga baya sun yi ƙaura zuwa tsibiran Chatham inda suka haɓaka al'adun Moriori daban-dabanRoss (1994). "Moriori and Māori: The Linguistic Evidence". In Sutton, Douglas (ed.). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. pp. 123–135. Davis, Denise (September 2007). "The impact of new arrivals". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2010. ]
cikin, William (8 October 2019). "The Aotearoa History Show – 2: Tangata Whenua". RNZ History. RNZ. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2024. wata arangama ta 1642 da aka yi tsakanin Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri da ma’aikacin ɗan ƙasar Holland mai binciken Abel Tasman,[ , Hillary (10 February 2015). "Te Tau Ihu". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 15 September] an kashe ma’aikatan jirgin Tasman guda huɗu, kuma aƙalla Māori ɗaya ya sami harbin gwangwani.Salmond, Anne (1991). Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772. Auckland: Penguin Books. p. 82. ISBN 0-670-Turawa ba su sake ziyartar New Zealand ba sai a shekara ta 1769, lokacin da mai binciken dan Burtaniya James Cook ya tsara taswirar kusan dukkanin gabar teku.[49] Bayan Cook, yawancin ƙasashen Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun ziyarci New Zealand. Sun sayar da kayan abinci na Turai, kayan ƙarfe, makamai, da sauran kayayyaki da katako, da abinci na Maori, da kayayyakin tarihi, da ruwa.King 2003 Gabatar da dankalin turawa da musket sun canza aikin noma na Māori da yaƙi. Dankali ya ba da ingantaccen rarar abinci, wanda ya ba da damar dogon yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja. "Food, warfare and the impact of Atlantic capitalism in Aotearo/New Zealand" sakamakon yakin Musket na kabilanci ya ƙunshi yaƙe-yaƙe sama da 600 tsakanin 1801 zuwa 1840, inda suka kashe 30,000-40,000 Māori. Brailsford, Barry (1972). Arrows of Plague. Wellington: Hick Smith and Sons. p. 35. ISBN 0-456-01060-2. tun daga farkon karni na 19, masu mishan kiristoci sun fara zama a New Zealand, inda daga karshe suka canza mafi yawan al'ummar Māori. Wagstrom, Thor (2005). "Broken Tongues and Foreign Hearts". In Brock, Peggy (ed.). Indigenous Peoples and Religious Change. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 71 and 73. ISBN 978-90-04-  Māori ya ƙi zuwa kusan kashi 40% na matakin tuntuɓar sa a cikin ƙarni na 19; Cututtukan da aka gabatar su ne babban al’amariLange, Raeburn (1999). May the people live: a history of Māori health development 1900–1920.

Takarda ta tsage
Takardar Wraitangi daga Yarjejeniyar WaitangiPhillips, Jock (1 August 2015) [2005]. "History of immigration – British immigration and the New Zealand Company". In Phillips, Jock (ed.). Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021. ,Crown colony era – the Governor-General". NZHistory. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. March 2009. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta nada James Busby a matsayin mazaunin Burtaniya a New Zealand a cikin 1832. Orange, Claudia (1990). "Busby, James – Biography". In Oliver, W. H.; Orange, Claudia; Phillips, Jock (eds.). Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Te Ara: The Encycga ba blopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2011. Ayyukansa, wanda Gwamna Bourke ya ba shi a Sydney, shi ne don kare mazauna da 'yan kasuwa "masu kyau", hana "bacin rai" a kan Māori, da kama wadanda aka yanke wa hukunci.[Orange, Claudia (1990). "Busby, James – Biography". In Oliver, W. H.; Orange, Claudia; Phillips, Jock (eds.). Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2011. ."First British Resident comes ashore". NZHistory. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 24 December 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021. Orange, Claudia (1990). "Busby, James – Biography". In Oliver, W. H.; Orange, Claudia; Phillips, Jock (eds.). Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2011. , Te Ahukaramū (March 2009). "Māori – Urbanisation and renaissance". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2011
mulkin mallaka ya zama mai cin gashin kansa yadda ya kamata, yana samun alhakin duk al'amuran cikin gida (sai dai manufofin 'yan ƙasa, wanda aka ba da shi a tsakiyar shekarun 1860).,Government and nation – From colony to nation". In Phillips, Jock (ed.). Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2011. Bayan damuwar cewa tsibirin Kudu na iya samar da wani yanki na daban, Firayim Minista Alfred Domett ya matsar da kuduri don canja wurin babban birnin daga Auckland zuwa wani yanki kusa da Cook Strait.[ Temple, Philip (1980). Wellington Yesterday. John McIndoe. ISBN 0-86868-012-5.] An zaɓi Wellington don tsakiyar wurinsa, tare da majalisa a hukumance ta zauna a can a karon farko a cikin 1865.[70]Simpson, K. A. (1990). "Hobson, William – Biography". In Oliver, W. H.; Orange, Claudia; Phillips, Jock (eds.). Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
Foster, Bernard John (April 2009) [1966]. "Sir George Gipps". In McLintock, Alexander Hare (ed.). An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Archived from the orivginal on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via TeAra.govt.nz. McLintock, Alexander Hare, ed. (April 2009) [1966]. "Settlement from 1840 to 1852". An ba bab vavEncyclopaedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2011 – via TeAra.govt.nz. ISBN
A cikin 1886, New Zealand ta haɗa tsibirin Kermadec mai aman wuta, kimanin kilomita 1,000 (mita 620) arewa maso gabashin Auckland. Tun 1937, tsibiran ba su da zama sai dai kusan mutane shida a tashar Raoul Island. Waɗannan tsibiran sun sanya iyakar arewacin New Zealand a latitude 29 na kudu.Parliament moves to Wellington". NZHistory. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. January 2017. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2017. Bayan 1982 UNCLOS, tsibiran sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga keɓantaccen yankin tattalin arzikin New Zealand.  ,Pacific Island Exclusive Economic Zones". TEARA. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022. "New Zealand's 19th-century wars – overview". NZHistory. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2011. Jobberns, George (1966). "Kermadec Islands". In McLintock, A. H. (ed.). An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, Te Ara. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022. , Brian (November 2010). "Economic history – Great boom, 1935–1966". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
Wilson, John (16 September 2016) [2005]. "Nation and government – The origins of nationhood". In Phillips, Jock (ed.). Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
A cikin 1891, jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi ta hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa ta farko. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand  , David. "Seddon, Richard John". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 27 April 2017. sun wuce muhimman matakan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. A cikin 1893, New Zealand ita ce al'umma ta farko a duniya da ta bnbsbsai wa duk mata 'yancin yin zabeTe Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand kuma ta fara aiwatar da hukuncin sasantawa tsakanin ma'aikata da ƙungiyoyi a 1894."Strategy and Trade Union Effectiveness in a Neo-liberal Environment" ,A brief history of the minimum wage in New Zealand". Newshub. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
Levine, Stephen (13 July 2012). "Capital city – A new capital". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
A cikin 1907, bisa buƙatar Majalisar New Zealand, Sarki Edward VII ya shelanta New Zealand wani Mulki a cikin daular Biritaniya, Proclamation". The London Gazette. No. 28058. 10 September 1907. p. 6149. yana nuna matsayinta na mulkin kai. "Dominion status – Becoming a dominion" , John (16 September 2016) [2005]. "Government and nation – From colony to nation". In Phillips, Jock (ed.). Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2011
Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
War and Society". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 7 January da kuma shan wahala a cikin tsananin damuwaEaston, Brian (April 2010). "Economic history – Interwar years and the great depression". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011. Derby, Mark (May 2010). "Strikes and labour disputes – Wars, depression and first Labour government". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011
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, Basil (November 2010). "Te Māori i te ohanga – Māori in the economy – Urbanisation". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.

 Yanayin muhalli 
Ge
Tsibirin New Zealand kamar yadda aka gani daga tauraron dan adam,McKenzie, D. W. (1987). Heinemann New Zealand atlas. Heinemann Publishers. ISBN 0-7900-0187 Taupō". GNS Science. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
Kudancin Alps mai dusar ƙanƙara ya mamaye Tsibirin Kudu, yayin da yankin Arewacin Tsibirin Arewa ya miƙe zuwa ƙananan wurare.
New Zealand tana kusa da tsakiyar duniyar ruwa kuma tana da manyan tsibirai guda biyu da fiye da ƙananan tsibirai 700. Walrond, Carl (8 February 2005). "Natural environment – Geography and geology". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2020. manyan tsibiran guda biyu (Tsibirin Arewa, ko Te Ika-a-Māui, da Tsibirin Kudu, ko Te Waipounamu) sun rabu da Cook Strait, mai nisan kilomita 22 (14 mi) a mafi ƙanƙanta wurinsa.McLintock, Alexander, ed. (April 2009) [1966]. "The Sea Floor". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2011. Bayan tsibiran Arewa da Kudu, tsibiran mafi girma biyar da ke zaune su ne tsibirin Stewart (a gefen Foveaux Strait), Tsibirin Chatham, Tsibirin Great Barrier (a cikin Tekun Hauraki),  Hauraki Gulf islands". Auckland City Council. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2011. Island (a cikin Sauti na Marlborough) Hindmarsh (2006). "Discovering D'Urville". Heritage New Zealand. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011 da Tsibirin Waiheke (kimanin kilomita 22 (14 mi) daga tsakiyar Auckland).
"New Zealand". The World Factbook. US Central Intelligence Agency. 25 February 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
Geogaphy". Statistics New Zealand. 1999. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2009. Saboda tsibiran da ke nesa da su da kuma dogon bakin teku, kasar na da albarkatun ruwa masu yawa. Yankin tattalin arzikinta keɓantacce yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, wanda ya mamaye fiye da sau 15 yankin ƙasarsa.Offshore Options: Managing Environmental Effects in New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone
Garden 2005, p. 52
Grant, David (March 2009). "Southland places – Fiordland's coast". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2011. Lewis, Keith; Nodder, Scott; Carter, Lionel (March 2009). "Sea floor geology – Active plate boundaries". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on
Coates, Glen (2002). The rise and fall of the Southern Alps. Canterbury University Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-908812-93- Akwai kololuwa 18 sama da mita 3,000 (9,800 ft), mafi girmansu shine Aoraki / Dutsen Cook a mita 3,724 (12,218 ft). Garden 2005, p. 52 tsaunuka masu tsayi na Fiordland da zurfafan fiords sun yi rikodin yawan lokacin kankara na wannan kusurwar kudu maso yammacin tsibirin Kudu Grant, David (March 2009). "Southland places – Fiordland's coast". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2011. Tsibirin Arewa ba shi da tsaunuka amma yana da alamar aman wuta."Central North Island volcanoes". New Zealand Department of Conservation. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

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Category:Ƙasashen Oseaniya