Harshen Hyam

Hyam dangunan yaruka ne da ke da mahimmanci ga harsunan yankin Filato a Najeriya. Hyam na Nok yare ne mai daraja (Blench a shekarar 2008). Rubuta ilimin zamantakewar al'umma na Hyam, Blench ya kula da Sait, da Dzar a matsayin nau'ikan daban, kuma ya lura cewa ana iya kallon Yat da Ankung a matsayin yarurruka daban-daban, duk da haka, Hayab (2016) ya gabatar da ra'ayi mabanbanta yana jayayya cewa Ankung ne, yare ne da ake kira Iduya, Hyam ba zai iya fahimtar hakan ba. A halin da ake ciki, Hyam, wanda mutanen Ham na Najeriya ke amfani da shi, wanda aka fi sani da 'Jaba' a cikin wani binciken kwanan nan da Philip Hayab, dan asalin yankin kuma masanin harshe wanda ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a cikin harshen, ya bayyana cewa Jaba yana da asalin asalin Hausa kuma yana da wulaƙanci kuma ya kamata a jefar dashi (John 2017).

 Rarrabawa 
Masu magana da Hyam na asali ana samun su galibi a Jaba, Kachia da Kagarko . Ana kuma samun su a ƙananan hukumomin Jema'a da ke kudancin jihar Kaduna da kuma a ƙaramar hukumar Keffi ta jihar Nasarawa ta Najeriya .

 Yaruka 
James (1998) ya rarraba yaruka na Hyam bisa ga ƙananan rukunonin da ya sanya ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Ham ko Arewacin ofungiyar Proto-Plateau Ethno-Linguistic Cluster:

 Ham Kpop (Jaban Kwoi)
 Ham Ngat Ham (Jaban Katari)
 Ham Shambang (Samban)
 Ham Duhyah (ko Idun ) (Jaban Lungu)
 Ham Kworri ( Chori )
 Ham Det (Faik / Kenyi)
 Ham Netkun / Netwho (Gbaham)
 Ham Nyakpah (ko Nyankpa ) (Yeskwa)
 Ham Kong / Rhuini (Kamantan)

A cewar Hayab (2016: 5-11), duk da haka, mutanen Ham, ban da ƙaura na ƙaura, batun da ke buƙatar cikakken nazari, za a iya cewa ya yi magana mai zuwa:

 Hyam Taa Ham - 'Hyam ya bazu a yankin Ham' gami da Nok, Ghikyaar, Kuscum, Har Dzyee, Shong, da sauransu.
 Kwyeny - daidai yake da James's Hyam Kpop (ana magana da shi a Har Kwain ko Kwoi )
 Kyoli - yaren Kworri / Kwori (wanda aka fi sani da Chori )
 Saik
 Shamang - kamar Shambang

Hayab (2016: 6) ya ƙara á da cewa wasu nau'ikan na iya hada da:

 Dùya / Idúyà - daidai yake da Idun
 Gwora - Gora
 Yat
 Zhire - Kenyi.

Bugu da ari, Hayab (2016: 8) ya rarraba waɗannan yarukan zuwa gungu huɗu, AD, gwargwadon matakan fahimtarsu.

 Cluster A. Hyam Taa, Kwyeny, kuma Saik (duk da ba kasa da 90% phonological homogeneity a ƙamus
 Cungiya B. Kyoli da Shamang (suna da kusan 50% fahimta)
 Cluster C. Yat da Zhire (na iya kasancewa tare da A da B. Ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu)
 Rubuce-rubucen D. Idúyà [ko Idun ] da Gwora (suna tsaye a cikin wani yanki mai zaman kansa)

Sake lura cewa Hyam shine yaren da mutanen Ham ke magana dashi.

Jerin Blench (2019): 

 Kwyeny
 Yaat
 Saik
 Dzar
 Hyam na Nok

 Fasaha 
Kwamitin Hyam na Karatu da rubutu ya gano waɗancan alamomin na asali 41/42 a cikin rubutun rubutun.

 a a̱ bcd dz e e̱ fg gb gh h hw hyw i i̱ jk kh kp lmn ng ny oprs sh t thtn ts uvwy yw z zh

 Wasula (Wasali) 

 Monophthongs

Gajerun Wasali (Vawella̱ Sha̱kuup)

 a a̱ e e̱ i i̱ ou

Wasali Dogo (Vawella̱ Sha̱ceri)

aa ee ii oo uu

 Diphthongs (Khwikhwir Vawel)

 ai au a̱u ou

 Baƙi (Konsonan) 

 bcd dh dz fg gy gb gh ghy h hw hwy hyw jk ky kh khy kp lmn nh ng ny prs sh t thth tsnw vwy yw z zh

 Lambobi 
Hayab (2016: 66) misalai, yana mai cewa "wadatar data samu a Hyam ta Koelle (1854: rataye, 2-188) da Meek (1931: 120) sun nuna cewa gasar Ham ɗin ta kusan wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba daga abin da aka samu a yau." Ya kara da cewa a bayyane yake cewa an sauya tsohon tsarin kirgawa da wanda aka yiwa salo na Hausa, sannan ya sake cewa "a halin yanzu, tsohon salon da goma (wanda ya kasance kop ) yanzu a matsayin ' shwak '. Lamarin da ya nuna kop (goma) ya nuna ba cikakke ba ne wanda ke lura da shaidar cewa ' mbwan shwak ' (11) ya nuna cewa mun kasance ba mu da yawa daga shwak (sha biyu). " Sannan ya ƙara da cewa "wannan saboda kalmar ' mbwan ' a zahiri tana nuna bwat - gajere ko 'saura'.

Abin da ke sama za a iya cewa gaskiya ne, idan aka yi la’akari da batun Tyap, wani yare da ya danganta shi, inda kalmar ta yanzu ta goma ta yi yawa, yayin da kalmar “kop / kwop” ta kusan ƙarewa, kamar yadda yake a Hyam, kuma ana amfani da ita ne don ƙidaya a dubbai. Kalmar "dubu" a cikin Tyap ita ce cyi kop / kwop, ma'ana (idan akayi la'akari da tsohuwar amfani da kalmar kop / kwop ), " sau dari - goma " ko " 100 X 10 ".

Wadannan, a cewar Hayab (2016: 66-67) lambobi ne da aka yi amfani dasu akalla shekaru 200 da suka gabata don ƙirgawa a Hyam.
 Hyam Turanci 0 npiit sifili / ba komai 1 zhinni daya 2 feli biyu 3 atwayar uku 4 naang hudu 5 sha biyu biyar 6 twani shida 7 twarfo bakwai 8 naarang takwas 9 mbwan-kop tara 10 kop goma 11 mbwan-shwak goma sha ɗaya 12 shwak goma sha biyu / dozin / kammala 24 shwak i'feri dozin biyu 36 shwak i'tat dozin uku 48 shwak i'nang dozin huɗu 60 shwak i'twoo goma sha biyar 72 shwak i'twani shida dozin 84 shwak i'twarfo bakwai dozin 96 shwak i'naarang takwas dozin 108 shwak i'mbwan-kop tara dozin 144 / rashin iyaka sok-sok-gha goma sha biyu / wanda ba za a iya lissafawa ba

 Manazarta 


 Blench (2008) Prospecting proto-Plateau. Manuscript.


 John, P. H. (2017). Narratives of identity and sociocultural worldview in song texts of the Ham of Nigeria: a discourse analysis investigation. PhD Dissertation submitted to the University of Stellenbosch, Unpublished


 Narratives of identity and sociocultural worldview in song texts of the Ham of Nigeria: A discourse analysis investigation
 Roger Blench: Hyamic page
Category:Harsunan Nijeriya
Category:Mutanen Afirka
Category:Mutanen Najeriya
Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations