Ta'if

Taif ko Ta'if ko Ɗaifa ( Larabci الطائف, aṭ-Ṭā’if ) birni ne, da ke a lardin Makka na Saudi Arabia, a tsayi a  a kan gangaren tsaunukan Sarawat (Dutsen Al-Sarawat). Yana da yawan jama'a 521,273 (ƙidayar 2004). A kowane bazara Gwamnatin Saudiyya tana tashi daga gari mai zafi na Riyadh zuwa Ta'if. Garin shine tsakiyar yankin noma wanda aka san shi da inabi, wardi da zuma.

 Mazauna 
Mazaunan yankin Ta'if, yawancinsu 'yan Saudiyya ne. Hakanan akwai manyan baƙi daga Asiya, Turkiya, da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa.

 Tarihi 

 Tarihin farko 
A cikin karni na 6 garin Banu Thaqif ne yake mulkin garin na Tā'if.

Garin yana kusan  kudu maso gabashin Makka .  Birni mai garu ya kasance cibiyar addinin maguzawa. Ta ƙunshi gunkin allahiya al-lāt, wanda a lokacin ake kira "matar Tā'if." Yanayinta ya banbanta da busasshiyar busharar yankuna kusa da Bahar Maliya. Alkama, inabi, da sauran kayan marmari duk ana samunsu a Yankin, shine ma fi girma a kewayen Tā'if. Garin ya sami taken "Aljannar Hejaz ."

Dukansu Ta'if da Makka duk wuraren shakatawa ne na aikin hajji. Mutanen Ta'if suna da alaƙar kasuwanci da mutanen Makka. Mutanen Ta'if sun cigaba da noma da 'ya'yan itace ‑ ƙari ga ayyukansu na kasuwanci. 

A lokacin shekarar giwa, garin ya kasance cikin abubuwan da suka faru. 

 620 – 632: zamanin Annabi Muhammadu 

 630: Yaƙin Hunayn da Juyawa Birni 
A 630, yaƙin Hunayn ya gudana a Hunayn, kusa da wannan birni. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Taron da aka gaza na Ta'if ya faru. Banu Daws ne suka kai wa garin hari, amma ta tsira kuma ta dakile hare-haren. Yaƙin Tabouk a shekara ta 631 ya bar Tā'if cikakkiyar sanarwa daga sauran ares don haka membobin Thaqīf suka isa Makka don tattaunawa don musuluntar da garin zuwa garin. An lalata gunkin al-lāt da sauran alamun da suka gabata na maguzawan garin da suka gabata.  

 1517: Miƙa wuya ga Daular Ottoman 
A ranar 17 ga Yuli 1517 Sharif na Makka ya ba da Ta'if ga Sarkin Ottoman Selim I. A matsayin alamar wannan, ya sallama masa mabuɗan biranen Islama na Makka da Madina. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Hejaz, an ba da Ta'if ga ikon daular Ottoman.

 1802 – 1813: Saudiyyar ta sake dawo dashi kuma Ottoman sun sake nemo ta 
Birnin ya cigaba da kasancewa Daular Ottoman har tsawon ƙarni uku, har sai a cikin 1802 tawayen Saudiyya, wanda ke cikin ƙawancen gidan Saud ya sake kwace shi . Wadannan sojojin sai suka cigaba da kwace Makka da Madina. Asarar ta Daular Usmaniyya sosai, wacce ta kalli kanta a matsayin mai kare Birane Masu Tsarki. Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya, Mahmud II, ya kirayi Mataimakinsa na musamman a Misira Muhammad Ali, wanda ya ƙaddamar da hari kan Hejaz kuma ya sake dawo da Ta'if a 1813.

 1813: Johann Ludwig Burckhardt 
A cikin 1813, matafiyi ɗan Switzerlandi kuma masanin gabas Johann Ludwig Burckhardt ya ziyarci Ta'if. Ya bar bayanin shaidun gani da ido a kan garin jim kaɗan bayan da Muhammad Ali ya dawo da shi, wanda ya yi hira da shi da yawa yayin da yake wurin. A cewar Burckhardt, Othman el Medhayfe ne ya gina bango da tsanya a kewayen birnin. Akwai ƙofofi uku da hasumiyoyi da yawa akan ganuwar gari, waɗanda, duk da haka, basu da ƙarfi, kasancewar a wasu wuraren  lokacin farin ciki Sharif Ghalib ne ya gina gidan. Ya kuma lura da halakar da birni da aka yi sanadiyyar mamayar 1802. Yawancin gine-ginen suna cikin rugujewa yayin da yake can kuma kabarin Abdullah bn Abbas - dan uwan Annabi Muhammad (SAW) kuma kakan khalifancin Abbasawa - ya lalace sosai. Ya kuma rubuta cewa yawan mutanen garin yawanci Thaqīf ne . Dangane da kasuwanci, garin ya kasance wurin ciniki ga kofi .

 1843: Aikin Gine-gine a cikin karni na 19 
Gidaje da barikin soja a Ta'if daular Ottoman ne suka gyara a cikin 1843, wani Hükümet Konağı - gidan kasuwanci na gwamnati - aka gina a 1869, kuma wani lokaci daga baya aka kafa gidan waya.

 1916 – 1924: Tawayen Larabawa da ikon Hashemite 
Kafin Tawayen Larabawa, an naɗa Ahmed Bey a matsayin kwamandan sojojin Ottoman a yankin Tā'if. Yana da sojoji 3,000 a karkashinsa da bindigogi 10 na manyan bindigogin tsaunuka. Ghalib Pasha, gwamnan Hejaz shima yana cikin garin. A cikin 1916, Hashemites sun ƙaddamar da tawayensu ga Daular Ottoman a Makka a watan Yuni. Birnin ya faɗi sannan a cikin Yuli, an aika Abdullah, babban ɗan shugaban Hashemite kuma Sharif na Makka Husayn bin Ali tare da mutum saba'in zuwa Tā'if. Yayin da ayyukansa a yankin suka haifar da shakkun Ahmed Bey, Ghalib Pasha bai damu da wata ƙaramar rundunar ba. Abdullah ya gina rundunarsa a asirce zuwa mutum 5,000. Sannan ya yanke wayoyin gidan waya zuwa cikin gari sannan ya cigaba da kai harin. Duk wasu hare-hare na Hashemite da aka kaiwa birni an tunkuɗe su da bindigogin tsaunuka, kuma ɓangarorin biyu sun daidaita zuwa ga mamayar da ba ta da tsoro. Koyaya, a hankali an kawo bindigogin Hashemite zuwa Tā'if, sannan garin ya ɗan ƙara tsayi; a karshe ya mika wuya a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba. Ta haka ne garin daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Masarautar Hashemite da ke Hejaz .

 1924 – yanzu: Masarautar Saudi Arabia 

 1924: Nasara ta Ikhwan ƙarƙashin Abdulaziz al-Saud 
Ta'if bai daɗe a hannun Hashemite ba. Ba da daɗewa ba rikici tsakanin Sarkin Hejaz, Husayn ibn Ali, da Abdulaziz al-Saud, Sarkin Nejd, ba da daɗewa ba cikin rikici. Ko da yake tashin hankali ya kasance na ɗan lokaci a cikin 1919, zuwa watan Satumba na 1924 Ikhwan da ke Saudiyya a lokacin ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sultan bin Bajad da Khaled bin Luwai a shirye suke su farma Ta'if. Ya kamata ɗan sarki, Ali ya kare garin, amma ya gudu da firgici tare da sojojinsa. 300 daga cikinsu Ikhwan ya kashe. David Holden in The House of Saud A cikin 1926 Abdulaziz al-Saud ya amince da shi a matsayin sabon sarki na Hejaz. Ta'if ya kasance wani bangare na Masarautar Hejaz har zuwa lokacin da Abdulaziz al-Saud ya hade masarautun sa biyu zuwa daya karkashin taken Masarautar Saudi Arabia a 1932. Shi kansa sarki daga baya ya mutu a cikin gari a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1953.

 1940s: Zamani a ƙarƙashin Saudi 
Ta'if har yanzu bai fi birni na da yawa ba lokacin da Saudi suka mamaye ta. Ko yaya, daga baya sun zura ido don zamanantar da garin. An kafa injin samar da wutar lantarki na farko a kasar ta Saudiyya a garin Ta'if a karshen shekarun 1940.  Dangane da gina hanyoyi zuwa cikin gari, a cikin 1965 Sarki Faisal na lokacin ya ƙaddamar da  babbar hanyar dutse tsakanin Makka da Ta'if,  kuma a cikin 1974 an fara babbar hanyar Ta'if- Abha - Jizan mai mil mil 400. 

 Wuraren Duba 

 Al Rudaf Park: A kudancin Taif babban filin Shaƙatawa ne wanda yake da bishiyoyi da duwatsu masu daraja. Har ila yau, shafin yana da karamin gidan ajiye namun daji.
 Wadi Mitna: Wuri na Muhammed a cikin 619 AD. Muhammed ya zo nan ne don ya sami goyon bayan Hawazeen da Tawfiq amma ƙabilun suka jejjefe shi. Daga baya makkan biyu suka bashi mafaka a gonar inabi.
 Ta'if ya tashi shuka. A cikin watan Afrilu fure-fure ke cike da wardi ruwan hoda wadanda aka debo da asuba sannan daga baya a narke su zuwa man ta'if mai tsada. An yi amfani da turaren Ta'if a cikin turaren alatu da dama wadanda suka hada da Ormonde Jayne Perfumery,  Chanel da Guerlain.
 Fadar Shubra, gidan kayan tarihin yankin na Ta'if, a cikin wani gini kusa da 1900, wanda ya yiwa Sarki Abdul Aziz masauki a cikin 1930s.  
 Rock sassaƙa Site: An kafa  arewacin Taif, wannan shi ne wurin da Okaz Souk yake,  mafi girma kuma sanannen sanannen preuqes ko wuraren taro. Souq ya kasance wuri ne na taron zamantakewar shekara, siyasa da kasuwanci. Hakanan wurin ya kasance wurin karatun karatun wakoki da karin magana. Gine-ginen sun kasance, gami da bayanan bangon dutsen basaltic .
 Fortasar Turkiya: Ragowar sansanin suna nan kusa da Rock Carvings. Lawrence na Arabiya ya yi yaƙi a nan cikin 1917. An yi yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa a can kuma ana iya samun kaburbura da yawa
 Yankin Yanayi: Tsakanin asibitin Al Hada da Otal din Sheraton a saman dutsen Al Hada babban wurin ajiyar yanayi ne a tsayin mita 2100 sama da matakin teku. Al Hada yana nufin nutsuwa. 
 Al Shafa: villagearamar ƙauye ce a tsaunukan Sarawat a tsawan mita 2200 zuwa 2500 sama da matakin teku, mai wadataccen kayan noma. Lambunan 'ya'yan itatuwa na Taif suna nan.

 Yanayi 
Taif yana da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen rabe-raben yanayi BWh), tare da rani mai zafi da sanyin hunturu. Yanayin zafi ba zafi a lokacin rani kamar na ƙananan yankuna na Saudi Arabia. Ruwan sama ba shi da ƙanƙanci, amma duk watanni suna ganin wasu ruwan sama, tare da ƙarin ruwan sama a bazara da ƙarshen kaka fiye da sauran watanni.

 Jerin mazauna 
Bani Hareth na ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilun Larabawan Adnani da ke zaune a kusa da Taif a Saudi Arabia. Kabilar tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙabilu a yankin kuma suna mamaye cikakken yanki tsakanin Taif da Al Qunfuthah a Saudi. Bani Adwan yana daya daga cikin kabilun Larabawan Adnani wadanda ke zaune a asalin yankin Taif na arewacin, da kuma a kudancin Jordan . Thu Al issba'a Al Adwani (a larabci) wani mutum ne na ƙabila A zamanin jahiliyya, wanda aka san shi a matsayin mawaƙi kuma mutum ne mai hikima. Bayan haka, Banu Thabet mutane ne daga zuriyar Thabit. Asalin asalinsa dangin Otaibah ne.

 Mutanen da aka haifa a Yankin 

 Sarki Faisal Na Iraki
 Naif bin Abdul Aziz
 Uthman bin Affan
 Mutlaq Hamid Al-Otaibi
 Sharif Ali | Sultan Sharif Ali, Sultan na 3 na Brunei Darussalam

 Mutanen da suka rayu a Yankin 

 Muhammad bin Qasim
 Uthman Ibn Affan khalifa na 3 Rashidun (khalifa shiryayye) wanda aka haifa a Taif.
 Midhat Pasha (1822-1884), mai tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Usmaniyya na farko wanda aka toshe a Taif.
 Muhammad Muhsin Khan
 Hadi Soua'an Al-Somaily (b. 1970) Wanda ya fara lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics a Saudiyya. 
 Addas- wani matashi bawan kirista bawa wanda shi ne mutum na farko daga lardin Taif na yamma da ya musulunta zuwa addinin Islama.
 Abd Allah ibn `Abbas ya mutu anan
 Talal Maddah

 Hugh N. Kennedy | Hugh Kennedy - Annabi da Zamanin Kalifofi
 Martin Lings - Muhammad: rayuwarsa ta dogara ne da tushen farko
 Johann Ludwig Burckhardt - Balaguro a cikin Larabawa; fahimtar asusun waɗancan yankuna a Hedjaz wanda musulmai ke ɗauka a matsayin tsarkakakke, sigar kan layi ana samun ta kyauta daga Gutenberg Project 
 Pars Tuğlacı - Osmanlı Şehirleri
 Michael Asher - Lawrence: The Uncrowned Sarkin Arab
 David Holden da Richard Jones - Gidan Saud

Hotuna

 Manazarta 

Category:Biranen Saudiyya
Category:Saudiyya
Category:Birane
Category:Biranen Asiya
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