Harshen Kuteb

Kuteb (wanda aka fi sani da Kutep ko Ati ) yare ne a Najeriya, ƙabilar Kuteb na zaune ne a yankin kudancin jihar Taraba, sannan mutane sama da dubu na amfani da harshen yankin iyakar Kamaru. A Nijeriya, kuma galibi anfi magana da yaren Ƙaramar Hukumar Takum dake Jihar Taraba.

 Karin Harshe 
Kuteb na da sautukan baƙi 27, wasula 12, da sautuka biyar. Blench, Roger. Kuteb grammar. p. 19

 Wasula 
A cikin Kuteb, akwai nau'ikan wasula biyu, na baka, da na hanci. A sautin magana, kowane saiti yana da wasula daban-daban guda shida. Gabaɗaya, akwai sauti iri daban-daban guda 12. Matsayin ɨ kasancewar sautin magana a Kuteb bai tabbata ba. Wannan sautin yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin rubabbun sirafi, wasu sunaye prefixes, da kuma rage magana ta inda akwai tsaka tsaki u da i . 
+Tebur na amon wasali a Kuteb Wasikun baka Wasalin hanci Gaba Tsakiya Baya Gaba Tsakiya Baya Kusa i
/i / ɨ
/ɨ / u
/u / ĩ
/ĩ / ũ
/ũ / Kusa Tsakiya e
/e / o
/o / ē
/ẽ / ō
/õ / Kusa Da Buɗe ae
/æ / ãe
/æ̃ / Buɗe a
/a / ã
/ã /

 Tsarin Sauti 
Kuteb yana da sauti iri daban-daban 27. Ana samun shigarwar da aka buga da rubutu a cikin kalmomin rance gama gari, ko, a cikin yanayin / v / da / z /, bambancin rarrabuwa. Kamar yawancin harsunan Jukunoid, Kuteb ya ba da baƙin baƙin. A cikin binciken daya, waɗannan ba a haɗa su azaman gyare-gyare kan tushe-phoneme ba, amma a matsayin nasu sautin daban.  Blench, Roger. Kuteb grammar. p. 20
+Tebur na karin sauti a Kuteb Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Hanci m
/m / n, nn In the standard Kuteb orthography, ⟨n⟩ is used initially and medially for /n/, while ⟨nn⟩ is used finally /n / ny
/ɲ / ŋ
/ŋ / Kusa bayyana b
/b / d
/d / g
/g / ba'a ji ba shafi na
/p / t
/t / c
/c / k
/k / pre-hanci</br> bayyana mb
/ m / nd
/ n / nj
/ n / / ŋg
/ ŋgg / Ricarfafa ts
/s /  Fricative bayyana v
/v / z
/z / j
/ʒ /ba'a ji ba f
/f / s
/s / sh
/ʃ / h
/h / Mai kusanci y
/j / w
/w / Shafa r
/ɾ / Lateral-Kusanci l
/l /

 Sautuna 
A cikin Kuteb, akwai sautuna daban-daban guda huɗu ko biyar, dangane da yadda aka ƙidaya su. Sautunan da yawancin karatu ke karɓa sune ƙananan (marasa alama), tsakiyar (¯), babba (´), da sautunan (ˆ).

 Muhawara 
A cewar Roger Blench, akwai sautuna daban-daban guda biyar a cikin Kuteb, waɗannan sune: ƙananan (marasa alama), tsakiyar (¯), babba (´), fadowa (ˆ), da tashin (ˇ). Sauti na biyar, (mai tasowa) an ƙirƙire shi ne kawai ta hanyar canje-canjen sandhi waɗanda ke shafar wasu ƙamus bayan “tsani”.  Dangane da WE Welmers, wannan canjin sandhi ba ya faruwa, kuma idan ya faru, kawai furucin zai canza, ba ma rubutaccen bugun rubutu ba kuma. 

 Hanyoyin sarrafa abubuwa 

 Iyakokin Syllabic 
A Kutep, kamar a sauran Harsunan Jukunoidid
N - rubutun hanci, V - wasali, C - baƙi Kuteb ( rarrabaccen tsarin aiki) Kuteb Fassarar Turanciƙ
N ḿ.m .m a'a V u.fu ufu kofa CV bá bá zo CVC mūm mūm tona CCV u.kwe ukwe shugaba CCVC kwáb kwáb gwada

 Sandhi ya canza 
Harafin ⟨w⟩ a cikin yaren Kuteb yana riƙe da matsayinta na kusan labio-velar, kamar yadda yake a uwé 'face' ko kuma a wōm 'bushe' - kodayake, lokacin da aka haɗa ⟨w⟩ a cikin gungu tare da baƙon faranti (/ c, j, sh, nj /) / w /, saboda canje-canjen sandhi, ya zama ana sakin murya ko sakin magana.

 Rarraba baƙin 
A cikin Kuteb, akwai gungu da yawa na baƙaƙe waɗanda zasu iya wanzu, kodayake, mafi yawan waɗannan suna faruwa tsakanin iyakokin kalmomi, kodayake, wasu daga waɗannan suna faruwa ne a cikin keɓewar sigari guda ɗaya - waɗannan jerin kalmomin suna ƙasa. A ka'idar duk da haka, duk wani haɗuwa da baƙi-na ƙarshe (duba ƙasa) sannan kowane harafin harafi zai biyo baya. Zai yiwu, duk da haka, ragin zai iya faruwa, kamar yadda a cikin kalmar ushitong 'mai motsa-miya' (daga shir da utoŋ ) inda aka jefa / r / a ciki. Har ila yau, lokacin da finalnn⟩ na ƙarshe In the standard Kuteb orthography, ⟨n⟩ is used initially and medially for /n/, while ⟨nn⟩ is used finally mai tushe zai kasance mai tushe farawa da ⟨n⟩, ⟨nn⟩ + doublen⟩ ninki biyu ya ragu zuwa kawai justn⟩. Ana iya nuna wannan tasirin a cikin kalmomi kamar munae (munn-náe) 'su kasance masu yalwa', kuma a munji (munn-nji) 'manta'. Blench, Roger. Kuteb grammar. p. 37–38

A cikin matsayin CV, ana amfani da baƙin baƙi masu zuwa: 

 p ts tckb (d) (g) mb nd nj ŋg fs sh hvz nz mn ŋ rl

Duk da yake a cikin C (C) VC matsayi na ƙarshe, ana amfani da waɗannan a maimakon:

 brgmn * ŋ *

Kuma ana amfani da waɗannan masu zuwa a gungu CC:

 Tare da Cw : pw, mbw, bw, fw, mw, sw (?), Cw, njw, jw, shw, kw, ngw, da ŋw Roger Blench notes that ⟨ŋ⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ are equivalent in the standard orthography. Here, both ⟨ŋw⟩ and ⟨ngw⟩ are listed as separate phonemes, though, the difference between them is not given
 Tare da Cy : py, mby
 Tare da Ck : pk, tk, fk, sk
 Tare da Cg : mbg, ndg

 Ƙungiyoyin baƙi 
A cikin 1964, Peter Ladefoged ya yi rikodin sautuka a harsunan Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yarukan shine Kuteb, kuma waɗannan abubuwan bincikensa ne: 
Labial Hakori Alveolar Palatal Post-palatal Velar Tare da / w / Tare da / y / Tare da / ɣ / ko / x / pw py px ts tx tʃ tf kw mbw mby mbɣ ndz ndɣ ndʒ ndv ŋgw bw by bɣ dʒ dv (gw) fw fy fx sk .f mw na (mɣ) a'a ŋw

 Bayanan kula 

 Hanyoyin haɗin waje 

 http://www.koeppe.de/titel_details.php?id=514
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120405160934/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Kuteb.htm
 http://www.koeppe.de/titel_details_print.php?id=514
 http://globalrecordings.net/en/language/1757
 Sake ambaton Karin magana a Kuteb 

 Manazarta 
Category:Harsunan Nijeriya
Category:Harsuna
Category:Al'adun Najeriya
Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya
Category:Al'ummomi
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations