Harsunan Ekoi

Harsunan Ekoi rukuni ne na yaruka na Bantoid na Kudancin Bantoid da ake magana dasu musamman a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da kuma yankuna kusa da Cameroon. Suna da alaƙa da harsunan Bantu, hasali ma ba kasafai ake iya bambance su ba. Crabb (1969) Crabb, D.W. 1969. Ekoid Bantu Languages of Ogoja. Cambridge University Press ya kasance shi kadai ne rubutaccen abu akan harshen, duk da cewa abin baƙin ciki, shine Sashi na II, wanda zai ƙunshi nazarin nahawu, ba a taɓa buga shi ba. Hakanan Crabb yana nazarin wallafe-wallafen akan Ekoid har zuwa ranar da kuma aka buga shi.

Yaren Mbe na kusa shine dangi mafi kusanci da yaren Ekoid kuma su suka hada reshen Ekoid – Mbe na kudancin Bantoid. 

 Harsuna 
Nazarin rarrabuwar harsuna ya lissafa ire-iren Ekoid tare da sauran yarukan masu zaman kansu. Branching daga Watters ne (1978) da Yoder et al. (2009).

 Ndoe
 (ainihin)
 Ejagham (Ekoi)
 Efutop – Ekajuk: Efutop, Nde-Nsele-Nta, Abanyom, Nkem-Nkum, Ekajuk - Nnam

 Sunaye da wurare (Najeriya) 
Teburin da ke ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare (a cikin Najeriya kawai) daga Blench (2019). 
LanguageClusterDialectsAlternate spellingsOwn name for languageEndonym(s)Other names (location-based)Other names for languageExonym(s)SpeakersLocation(s)Bakor clusterBakorAbanyomBakorAbanyom, AbanyumBefun, Bofon, Mbofon12,500 (1986)Cross River State, Ikom LGA, main village AbangkangEfutopBakorOfutopAgbaragba8,740 (1953), 10,000 (1973 SIL)Cross River State, Ikom LGAEkajukBakorAkajukmore than 10,000 (Crabb 1965); 30,000 (1986 Asinya)Cross River State, Ogoja LGA, Bansara, Nwang, Ntara 1,2 and 3, and Ebanibim townsNde–Nsele–Nta clusterBakor10,000 (1973 SIL)Cross River State, Ikom LGANdeBakorEkamtulufu, Mbenkpe, Udom, Mbofon, Befon4,000 (1953); est. 12,000 (Asinya 1987)NseleBakorNselle1,000 (1953); est. 3,000 (Asinya 1987)NtaBakorAtam, Afunatamest. 4,500 (Asinya 1987)Nkem–Nkum clusterBakorCross River State, Ogoja LGANkemBakorNkim, Ogoja, Ishibori, Isibiri, OgbojaNkimOgojaIshibori11,000 (1953); est 18,000 (Asinya 1987)NkumBakor5,700 (1953); est. 16,500 (Asinya 1987)NnamBakorNdem1,230 (1953); est. 3,000 (Asinya 1987)Cross River State, Ikom and Ogoja LGAsEjagham clusterEjagham5 dialects in Nigeria, 4 in CameroonEkoi (Efik name)80,000 total: 45,000 in Nigeria, 35,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL)Cross River State, Akamkpa, Ikom, Odukpani and Calabar LGAs, and in CameroonBendegheEjaghamBindege, Bindiga, DindigaMbumaCross River State, Ikom LGAEtung NorthEjaghamIcuatai13,900 (1963)Cross River State, Ikom LGAEtung SouthEjagham4,200 (1963)Cross River State, Ikom and Akamkpa LGAsEjaghamEjaghamEkwe, Ejagam, AkamkpaCross River State, Akamkpa LGA and in CameroonEkinEjaghamQua, Kwa, AquaAbakpa900 active adult males (1944–45): bilingual in Efik (Cook 1969b)Cross River State, Odukpani and Calabar LGAsNdoe clusterNdoe3,000 (1953)Cross River State, Ikom LGAEkparabongNdoeAkparabongTowns above 2,102 and 310, respectively, (1953)Akparabong Town, Bendeghe AffiBalepNdoeAnep, Anyeb619 (1953)Balep and OpuMbeIdum, Ikumtale, OdajeMbeM̀ bèKetuen, Mbube (Western)9,874 (1963); 14,300 (1973 SIL); 20-30,000 (2008 est.). 7 villages (Bansan, Benkpe, Egbe, Ikumtak, Idibi, Idum, Odajie)Cross River State, Ogoja LGA

 Fasaha 
An sake gina Proto-Ekoid tare da wasula da sautuna masu zuwa:  ; babban, ƙasa, tashi, faɗuwa, da gangara . Sautunan tashi da faɗowa, kodayake, na iya zama haɗuwa.

Ana tsammanin yana da baƙaƙe masu zuwa:
 Labial Alveolar Palatal /</br> Postalveolar Velar Labiovelar Hanci     Tsayawa /</br> Ricarfafa      Fricative   Rhotic Mai kusanci     
 yana faruwa yayin fara kalma da kuma,  a tsakiyar ƙarshe.

 Nazari 
Bugun farko na kayan Ekoid yana cikin Clarke (1848) Clarke, John 1848. Specimens of dialects: short vocabularies of languages: and notes of countries and customs in Africa. Berwick-upon-Tweed: Daniel Cameron inda aka lissafa 'yaruka' biyar kuma an ba da gajeren lafazin kowane. Sauran manyan littattafan farko sune Koelle (1854), Koelle, S.W. 1854. Polyglotta Africana. London: Church Missionary Society Thomas (1914) Thomas, N.W. 1914. Specimens of languages from Southern Nigeria. London: Harrison & Sons da Johnston (1919-1922). Johnston, H.H. 1919-22. A comparative study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu languages. (2 vols.) Oxford: Clarendon Press Kodayake Koelle ya ɗibar da samfurinsa a yanki ɗaya, da alama Cust (1883) Cust, R.N. 1883. The modern languages of Africa. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley shi ne farkon wanda ya haɗa su wuri ɗaya kuma ya sanya su cikin rukuni tare da Bantu amma ba a ciki ba. Thomas (1927) Thomas, N.W. 1927. The Bantu languages of Nigeria. In: Festschrift Meinhof F. Boas et al. eds. 65-73. Hamburg: Friederichsen & Co. shine marubuci na farko da yayi daidai yadda aka tsara Ekoid Bantu, amma ba daidai ba daga Westermann & Bryan (1952) Westermann, Diedrich & Bryan, M.A. (1970 [1952]). The Languages of West Africa. Oxford: International African Institute / Oxford University Press sake maimaita tsufa, wanda bai dace ba. Wannan shima ya yada wata tsohuwar kuskuren kuma ta hada da yarukan Nyang tare da Ekoid. Harsunan Nyang suna da halaye daban daban kuma tabbas suna nesa da Bantu fiye da Ekoid.

Guthrie (1967-1971) Guthrie, Malcolm 1967-71. Comparative Bantu. 4 vols. Farnham: Gregg International Publishers bai iya yarda cewa Ekoid ya zama wani ɓangare na Bantu ba. Bayaninsa na farko da ba zai yiwu ba shi ne cewa 'Bantuism' ya samo asali ne daga masu magana da yaren Bantu kasancewar wadanda ke magana da 'Yammacin Sudanic' suna 'shagaltar da su,' a takaice dai, kwatankwacin kamanceceniya, ya kasance mai yawan toshe kalmomin bashi. Daga baya aka canza wannan cikin 'Harsunan Ekoid na iya dan raba asali da wasu daga cikin yarukan yankin na A, amma da alama sun sha wahala sosai' (Guthrie 1971, II: 15). Williamson (1971) Williamson, K. 1971. The Benue–Congo languages and Ịjọ. Current Trends in Linguistics, 7. ed. T. Sebeok. 245-306. The Hague: Mouton a cikin rarrabuwa mai tasiri na Benuwe-Congo ya sanya Ekoid a cikin 'Wide Bantu' ko kuma abin da yanzu za'a kira shi Bantoid, yawancin harsunan da ba su da kyau a tsakanin Bantu da ragowar Benuwe-Congo .

Duk rabe-raben zamani na Ekoid sun dogara ne da Crabb (1969) kuma lokacin da Watters (1981) Watters, John R. 1981. A phonology and morphology of Ejagham, with notes on dialect variation. Ph.D. thesis. University of California at Los Angeles. xviii, 549 p. ya zo don bincika ladabi-Enology na Ekoid, ya yi amfani da wannan tushe, maimakon kayan aikinsa na kansa daga yarukan Ejagham a Kamaru. Matsalar matsalar Crabb ita ce labarinsa na Ekoid wanda ba ya bayyana bambancin sauti da rubutun sauti. Sabon aiki akan Ejagham na Watters (1980, Watters, John R. 1980. The Ejagam noun class system: Ekoid Bantu revisited. In Larry M. Hyman (ed.), Noun classes in the Grassfields Bantu borderland, 99-137. Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics, 8. Los Angeles: University of Southern California 1981) ya faɗaɗa iliminmu na yarukan Kamaru na Ekoid. Koyaya, wata muhimmiyar takaddar da Asinya (1987) Asinya, O.E. 1987. A reconstruction of the Segmental phonology of Bakor (an Ekoid Bantu language). M.A. Linguistics, University of Port Harcourt wanda ba a buga shi ba wanda aka kafa shi a cikin sabo a cikin Nijeriya ya yi muhimmin da'awa game da fasahar fasahar Ekoid, wato yawancin harsunan Ekoid suna da tsayi / gajere a wasula. Ekoid ya tayar da sha'awa musamman tsakanin Bantuists saboda yana da tsarin suna wanda yake kusa da Bantu kuma amma ba za'a iya cewa yayi daidai (Watters 1980) ba.

 Duba kuma 

 Jerin kalmomin Ekoid (Wiktionary)

 Manazarta 

Category:Harsunan Nijeriya
Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya
Category:Al'ummomi
Category:Al'adun Najeriya