Rikicin gama gari a Najeriya

Rikicin gama gari a Najeriya  ana iya raba shi zuwa fannoni biyu masu fadi:  

 Rikicin kabilanci da addini, wanda aka danganta shi ga Dalibai da aka raba su ta hanyar al'adu, kabilu, ko al'ummomin addinai da kuma asalinsu, kamar lokutan rikicin addini tsakanin al'ummomin Kirista da Musulmi.
 Rikicin makiyaya da manoma, galibi wanda ya shafi rikice-rikice kan filaye da / ko shanu tsakanin makiyaya (musamman Fulani da Hausawa ) da manoma (musamman Adara, Berom, Tiv da Tarok ).

Jihohin da lamarin ya fi shafa su ne na Najeriya ta Tsakiya kamar Benue, Taraba da Plateau. Tashin hankali ya kai kololuwa sau biyu a cikin Shekara ta 2004 da 2011 tare da kusan mutuwar 2000 a wadannan shekarun.  Hakan ya haifar da asarar rayuka sama da 700 a cikin 2015 kawai. 

 Dalili 
Canjin yanayi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hijirar Fulani makiyaya.

Kasashen Afirka sun fi fama da matsalar sauyin yanayi a duniya. Wannan ra'ayin ya taimaka wajen hijirar Fulani Makiyaya daga Arewa zuwa kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Kamar yadda aka lura daga samfurin "Turawa", kwararowar hamada, zaizayar ƙasa, fari, gurbatar yanayi, guguwar yashi, da cututtukan da duk suka samo asali daga canjin yanayi sun sanya Fulani Makiyaya barin garuruwansu. Wannan galibi galibi saboda fari ne wanda lokutan zamani suka dage fiye da yadda ake tsammani, kamar ƙwarin Tafkin Chadi . Haka kuma, cututtuka sun samo asali daga yanayin yanayi kuma suna kashe dabbobin wadannan makiyayan. Don haka, yawancin Fulani, wadanda aka fi sani da "the Bororos", suna da niyyar yin daura zuwa kudu inda ake samun ingantattun ciyayi, yanayin yanayi, damar kasuwa, da fata. 

 Rikicin makiyaya da manoma 
Tun bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta Huɗu a shekarar 1999, rikicin manoma da makiyaya ya kashe dubban mutane tare da raba wasu dubun dubata da muhallansu. Rashin tsaro da tashe-tashen hankula sun sa jama'a da yawa kirkirar sojojin kare kai da mayadan kabilanci, wadanda suka tsunduma cikin karin tashin hankali. Mafi yawan manomi-sa'iqi rikicin sun faru tsakanin Musulmi Fulani makiyaya da kuma manoma Kirista, exacerbating ethnoreligious tashin.  Wannan tashin hankali ya samo asali ne daga alaqar da ke tsakanin Fulanin Bororo da manoma Yarbawa . Kafin wannan, mutanen Fulanin sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya shekaru aru aru da suka gabata. A hakika, a cikin ƙarni na 18, wasu rukunin Fulani uku daban-daban sun yi kaura zuwa garin Iseyin . Wadannan kungiyoyin sun hada da Bangu, Sokoto, da Bororo Fulani. Daga cikin wadannan rukunoni uku, Fulanin Bororo musamman kungiyar ce ta raba kansu da manoma Yarbawa. A halin yanzu, Bangu da Sakkwato sun hadaka alaqar aiki da Yarbawan Najeriya.  Ta wannan dangantakar, suka ci gajiyar juna daga kayan shanu da noma. Fulanin za su yi fataucin duk wani kayan masarufi da suka ciro daga shanunsu zuwa na Yarbawa don amfanin gonakinsu. Amma, hijirar Fulanin Bororo sun canza wannan dangantakar kasancewar ana ganin sun fi Fulani tashin hankali. Wannan bambancin ya kara tsananta kasancewar basa jin yaren Yarbanci na asali ba kamar yadda Fulani mazauna yankin ke yi ba. Yayin da makiyaya Fulanin Bororo suka hade cikin wannan yankin sai shanun da suka mallaka suka fara lalata gonakin manoma Yarbawa . Wannan ya haifar da sabani ya zama gama gari tsakanin wadannan rukunonin biyu. Wata shari’ar da za a iya lura da ita ita ce lokacin da aka kara shigar da tarkacen jirgin a cikin manoma a cikin garin Iseyin bayan an kori wata kungiyar Fulani ta Bororo daga garin Oyo suka yi hijira zuwa can a 1998. 

Wani rikicin da Fulanin Bororo suka yi fama da shi shi ne na shekarar 1804 lokacin da Fulanin suka yi Yadin Tsarkaka tsakanin waɗanda suka nuna Musulmi ne kuma suka yi magana da Hausawa da waɗanda har yanzu suke da alaqa da kabilun Maguzawa.  Yakin ya gudana a yankin arewacin Najeriya . Wannan yakin ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin kungiyoyin Fulani biyu. Wata kungiya ta hade da Hausawa kuma a hade take kamar Hausawa yayin rike mukamai na dukiya da mulki. Sauran rukuni sun kiyaye hanyoyin makiyayarsu ba tare da sun hada kai da wasu kabilun ba . Wannan shine daga karshe ya zama Fulanin Bororo wanda ke nufin Bush ko Fulanin Shanu.

A yanzu haka, rikici tsakanin Fulani makiyaya da wasu manoman Najeriya ya tsananta.  Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2016, kimanin mutane 2,000 aka kashe yayin da dubun dubata suka rasa muhallansu. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda karuwar kungiyoyin jihadi, irin su Boko Haram . Kasancewar su ya sanya hatsari ga makiyaya da manoma da ke kiwo a Arewacin Nijeriya. Gwamnati ba ta yi kokari kadan don shiga tsakani da kirkirar makirci don rage wannan rikici ba . Saboda haka, makiyaya da manoma sun dauki nauyin magance rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa a tsakanin al'umma wanda ke karfafa rikici.

 Yankin Abet na Fulani Makiyaya 
Abet, wanda aka fi sani da Kachichere, wani yanki ne na Fulani.  Suna zaune ne a yankin Abet na Najeriya bayan sun yi daura zuwa can a karni na 18. Suna zaune a wani yanki na kimanin shekaru 3 zuwa 5 kafin su sake yin 'yan kilomitoci tsakanin Abet. Da zarar sun kafa gidan gida, garken garkensu suna kiwo cikin tazarar mil 3 . Dalilin da ya sa suka fi son yin kiwo a cikin Abet shi ne saboda kyakyawan yanayin da yake da shi ga dabbobinsu. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin rani wanda yayi daidai da lokacin haihuwar shanu da samar da madara. Bugu da ƙari, ya fi sauki ga garken dabbobi a cikin wadannan filayen fili maimakon a cikin wuraren da ke cike da ciyayi. Don hakkin kasa a cikin wannan yanki, ana iya ba wa iyalen Fulani hakkin bangarorin kasar ta hanyar tsarin al'ada. Don haka, ana rarraba ƙasa daga Shugabanni ko wadanda ke kula da ƙauyukan da waɗannan filayen suke zaune.

 Sauran misalai 
Karin wasu lokuta na rikice-rikicen kabilanci a Nijeriya suna nan;   waɗannan galibi rikice-rikicen birni ne ko irin wannan, misali rikice-rikicen Yarbawa da Hausawa a Legas,   kisan kabilar Ibo na 1966 ko rikicin da ke tsakanin Itsekiri da Ijaw a jihar Delta. Sauran su ne rikicin fili tsakanin makwabta, kamar rikici tsakanin Ile-Ife da Modakeke a karshen shekarun 1990s  da kuma a jihar Ebonyi a 2011. 

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 Rikicin gama gari a Najeriya
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