Hakki zuwa lafiyayyen muhalli

Hakki ga yanayi mai lafiya ko haƙƙin yanayi mai ɗorewa da lafiya Hakkin ɗan adam ne da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin muhalli ke ba da shawara don kare tsarin muhalli waɗanda ke samar da lafiyar ɗan adam. Majalisar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da haƙƙin a lokacin zamanta na 48 a watan Oktoba 2021 a HRC / RES / 48/13  kuma daga baya Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkinobho a ranar 28 ga Yulin shekarar 2022 a A / RES > 36 / 300.   Hakki sau da yawa shine tushen kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta masu kare muhalli, kamar masu kare ƙasa, Masu kare ruwa da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar.

Hakkin yana da alaƙa da sauran haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke mai da hankali ga kiwon lafiya, kamar haƙƙin ruwa da tsabta, haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin kiwon lafiya. Hakkin yanayi mai lafiya yana amfani da tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam don kare ingancin muhalli; wannan tsarin yana magance tasirin cutar muhalli akan kowane ɗan adam, sabanin tsarin gargajiya na tsarin muhalli wanda ke mai da hankali kan tasirin wasu jihohi ko muhalli kanta. Duk da haka wata hanyar kare muhalli ita ce haƙƙin yanayi wanda ke ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa haƙƙin da mutane da kamfanoni ke morewa ga yanayi.

 Matsayin jihar 
Hakkin yana haifar da wajibi ga jihar don tsarawa da aiwatar da Dokokin muhalli, sarrafa gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma in ba haka ba samar da adalci da kariya ga al'ummomin da matsalolin muhalli suka cutar. Hakki ga yanayi mai lafiya ya kasance muhimmiyar dama don ƙirƙirar ka'idojin shari'ar muhalli don Shari'ar canjin yanayi da sauran batutuwan muhalli.

 Kokarin gyaran kundin tsarin mulki 

 Hanyoyin kasa da kasa 

A tarihi, manyan kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kamar Universal Declaration on Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ko International Covenant in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ba su amince da haƙƙin yanayi mai lafiya ba. Sanarwar Stockholm ta 1972 ta amince da haƙƙin, amma ba takardar doka ba ce. Sanarwar Rio ta 1992 ba ta amfani da harshen haƙƙin ɗan adam ba, kodayake ta bayyana cewa mutane za su sami damar samun bayanai game da batutuwan muhalli, shiga cikin yanke shawara, da kuma samun damar yin adalci. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka gabatar a halin yanzu, Yarjejeniyar Duniya don Muhalli, idan an karɓa, zai zama kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam na farko na Majalisar Dinkinobho don haɗawa da haƙƙin yanayi mai lafiya.

 Ƙudurin Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 
A cikin 2021 a lokacin zamanta na 48, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri (wanda babban rukuni wanda ya hada da Costa Rica, Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland da Maldives, tare da Costa Rica kasancewa mai riƙe da alkalami), ta amince da "Hakkin ɗan adam ga yanayi mai tsabta, lafiya da ɗorewa", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da jikin ya ayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam.  Ƙudurin ba doka ba ce, amma "ya gayyaci Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don yin la'akari da batun".

 Kudurin Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 
InA cikin 2022 a lokacin zamansa na 76, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da ƙuduri da wata kungiya ta gabatar da ciki har da Costa Rica, Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland, da Maldives sake amincewa da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga yanayi mai tsabta, lafiya, da ɗorewa. Kodayake ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba su da bin doka, Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkinobho na 'Yancin Dan Adam Michelle Bachelet,  masu ba da rahoto na musamman da yawa  da membobin wasu kungiyoyin farar hula t.,s.

 Manazarta 

Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam