Anthony Enahoro

Cif Anthony Eromosele Enahoro (22 ga watan Yuli shekara ta alif 1923 A.c- ya mutu 15 ga watan Disamba 2010) yana daya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan rajin kare mulkin mallaka da masu rajin kare dimokiradiyya a Najeriya. An haife shi ɗan fari a cikin yara goma a Uromi a cikin Jihar Edo ta yanzu ta Nijeriya. Iyayensa Esan sune Anastasius Okotako Enahoro (1900-1968) da Fidelia Victoria Inibokun née Ogbidi Okojie (1906-1969). Enahoro ya daɗe yana da fice a fagen aikin jarida, siyasa, da ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma gwagwarmayar dimokiradiyya. Enahoro ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Uromi, da Makarantar Gwamnati Owo da Kwalejin King, da ke Legas, Enahoro ya zama editan jaridar Nnamdi Azikiwe, mai kare Kudancin Najeriya, Ibadan, a 1944 yana da shekara 21, don haka ya zama edita mafi karancin shekaru a Najeriya. Daga baya ya zama editan gidan wakafi na Zik, Kano, 1945–49, mataimakin edita na West African Pilot, Lagos, kuma babban editan jaridar Morning Star daga shekarar 1950 zuwa 1953. 
 Tarihin Rayuwa 
A cikin 1953, Enahoro ya zama na farko da ya gabatar da kudirin neman ‘yancin Nijeriya wanda a karshe aka ba shi a cikin 1960 bayan koma bayan siyasa da yawa da shan kaye a majalisar. Enahoro ya sami ɗaukaka daga masana da yawancin Nigeriansan Najeriya a matsayin "Uban Kasar Najeriya". Koyaya, kudirinsa na neman ‘Yancin kan Najeriyar ya gamu da koma baya a majalisar a lokuta da dama tare da‘ yan majalisun arewacin kasar da suka shirya wani yajin aiki sakamakon abin da aka gabatar. Ba tare da shan kaye a majalisa ba, an fara wani yunkuri na musamman saboda wannan kudirin kuma yanzu an matsa lamba kan adawa da mulkin mallaka kuma akwai masu neman 'yanci ga Najeriya, ko kuma akalla mulkin kai. SL Akintola ya yi yunkurin sake duba kudirin neman ‘yancin Najeriya a shekarar 1957 kuma duk da cewa majalisar ta zartar da kudirin nasa amma hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ba su amince da shi ba saboda haka ya gaza. A watan Agusta 1958, Remi Fani-Kayode ya sake duba kudirin Enahoro kuma majalisar ta sake zartar da kudirin amma Burtaniya ba ta amince da ranar ba. Kudirin Fani-Kayode ya bukaci a baiwa Najeriya 'yanci a ranar 2 ga Afrilun 1960. An ba Nijeriya ‘yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. A cigaba da gabatar da kudirin na Enahoro, Sir Tafawa Balewa ya gabatar da kara gaban majalisar a 1959 kuma aka zartar. Sakamakon matsin lambar, gwamnan mulkin mallaka ya sanar da shawarar da gwamnatin Birtaniyya ta yanke na ba da 'yanci a 1960.

 Rayuwar farko 
An haife shi ɗan fari a cikin yara goma a ƙauyen Onewa, Uromi, a cikin jihar Edo ta Nijeriya a yanzu. Wasu daga cikin ‘yan’uwansa sun hada da Ambasada Edward, shahararren dan Jarida Peter (Peter Pan), Farfesa Henry, fitaccen mai yada labarai na Mike Enahoro Ace na gidan talabijin na NTA, Ben, Dan, Bess, Chris, da Emmanuel. Iyayensa Esan sune Anastasius Asuelinmen "Okotako" Enahoro (d. 1968) da Fidelia Inibokun née Ogbidi Okojie (d. 1969). Enahoro ya daɗe yana da fice a fagen aikin jarida, siyasa, da ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma gwagwarmayar dimokiradiyya. Enahoro ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Uromi, da Makarantar Gwamnati Owo da Kwalejin King, da ke Legas, ya zama editan jaridar Nnamdi Azikiwe, mai kare Kudancin Najeriya, Ibadan, a 1944 yana da shekara 21. A matsayinsa na dalibi a Kwalejin Sarakuna, Enahoro ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci na Najeriya da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka a farkon shekarun 1940, wanda ya haifar da tayar da dalibai a kwalejin a Legas inda ya kasance shugaban daliban. Ya shahara a fagen siyasa a lokacin canji mai saurin gaske. An yi masa daurin talala har sau biyu daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka, saboda wani labarin da ya yi izgili da wani tsohon gwamna, sannan ga wani jawabi da ya ce ya tunzura sojojin Najeriya da ke aiki a cikin sojojin Ingila. Turawan Ingila sun nuna shi a matsayin gobarar wuta, amma duk da cewa an daure shi a karo na uku, ya fara sake duba matsayinsa.

 Siyasa 
A cikin 1950 shi da Arthur Perst suka kafa Midungiyar Mid-West . Enahoro ya riga ya fara Mid-West Press kuma ya buga jaridar Najeriya daga 1950 zuwa 1953. Midungiyar Mid-West ta zama ɓangare na Groupungiyar Action a cikin 1951. 

A lokacin rikicin Najeriya da ya biyo bayan juyin mulkin 1966, Enahoro shi ne shugaban tawagar Mid-West na wancan lokacin zuwa Taron Tsarin Mulki na Ad Hoc a Legas. Daga baya ya zama Kwamishinan Tarayya (Ministan) na Watsa Labarai da Kwadago a karkashin Gwamnatin Soja ta Janar Yakubu Gowon, 1967-77; Kwamishinan Tarayya na Ayyuka na Musamman, 1975. Daga baya ya zama memba na National Party of Nigeria, NPN, 1978–83. Ya kasance shugaban kasa, Bikin Duniya na Fasaha da Al'adu na Duniya, 1972-75.

Enahoro ya kasance shugaban National Democratic hadin gwiwa (NADECO), a pro-dimokuradiyya kungiyar cewa ya yi yaƙi fir'auna Sani Abacha har Abacha ta mutuwa. Enahoro an ba shi lambar girmamawa ta kasa ta Kwamanda, Order of the Federal Republic, CFR, a 1982, kuma shi ne shugaban kungiyar Movement for Reformation National, MNR; kazalika da Pro-National Conference Organisation, PRONACO . Jami'ar Benin ta bashi lambar girmamawa ta DSC a shekarar 1972. Littattafan nasa sun hada da rubutun Fugitive Offender . Enahoro ya yi wasan golf kuma ya bi kiriket da wasa. Power in an Emergent African Nation" by Richard L. Sklar,, Google Books, Page 269 "The Truth About the Motion for Independence",'AllAfrica.com, 27 September 2010 "Enahoro was a titan, says Fani-Kayode",'Vanguard, 15 December 2010 Enahoro wakili ne ga yawancin tarurrukan tsarin mulki da suka jagoranci samun 'yancin kan Najeriya a shekarar 1960.

 Rikici a Yammacin Najeriya 
A lokacin rikicin 1962 a tsohuwar yankin Yamma, an tsare shi tare da sauran mambobin kungiyar Action . An zargi Enahoro da cin amanar kasa yayin shari’ar juyin mulki da ake zargin Awolowo da aikatawa, Enahoro ya tsere ta kasar Ghana zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1963, Najeriya ta bukaci a mika Enahoro a karkashin Dokar Gudanar da Laifukan Masu Laifi na 1881, ta hana shi neman mafakar siyasa. A farkon 1963, sabon shugaban jam'iyyar Labour, Harold Wilson, ya gano abin kunyar da kama Enahoro da ɗaurin kurkukun ya haifar. Ma'aikata sun ci gaba da kai hari a cikin House of Commons, tare da tallafi daga wasu Tories, tare da goyan bayan kafofin watsa labarai. Ya kasance ɗayan sanannun Nigeriansan Najeriya a Biritaniya. Shi "mai laifi ne mai tsere" wanda ya haifar da muhawara ta kwanaki a cikin majalisar ta Commons a cikin 1963 yayin da yake gwagwarmaya da mika shi.

"Al'amarin na Enahoro" ya zama batun 'yancin ɗan adam tare da babban burin gwamnati na kada ta fusata Najeriya, kuma ya sanya firayim minista Tory, Harold Macmillan, da sakataren gidansa, Henry Brooke, cikin tsaka mai wuya.
An dawo da shi daga Burtaniya kuma an daure shi saboda cin amanar ƙasa. A 1966, Gwamnatin Soja ta sake shi.

 Wasanni 
Enahoro ya fito ne daga asalin wasanni. Ya yi fice a wasanni a Kwalejin King kuma an yaba masa da kasancewa dan Najeriya na farko da ya samu shiga kungiyar wasan golf a Najeriya. Ya sami nasarar kawo nakasasshensa zuwa mutum-mutumi guda daya yayin da yake aikin golf. Hakanan shi ne ya jagoranci kawo FESTAC zuwa Nijeriya a cikin shekarun 1970s, a lokacin ne kuma Muhammad Ali da Pele suka ziyarci ƙasar don yabawa sosai. Duk 'ya'yansa sun yi fice a wasanni yayin karatunsu da shekarun Jami'a, suna wasa Kwallan kafa, Rugby, Golf da Tennis. Kenneth (1953-2017) da Eugene gwanaye ne masu son wasan golf kuma sun kafa membobin kungiyar Asabar a Benin Golf Club. Annabella tana yin aikin Pilates kuma Gabriel mai son keke ne.

 Legacy 
A shekarar 1953, Anthony Enahoro ya gabatar da kudirin neman mulkin kai a Majalisar Dokoki ta Yamma, wanda a karshe ya haifar da samun ‘yancin kan Najeriya a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary

 Iyali 
Enahoro ya bar matarsa Helen [née Ediae] (1933-2012), yaransu biyar, jikoki da jikoki da dama. 

 Littattafai 

 Mai laifi mai gudu: labarin fursunonin siyasa

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗin waje 

 Anthony Enahoro: Tabbacin Cutar
 Anthony Enahoro: Gwajin Siyasa a Tarihi: Daga Tsoho zuwa Yau
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations