Hankalin yanayi

Hankalin yanayi, gwargwadon yadda yanayin duniya zai sanyaya ko dumi bayan canjin tsarin yanayi, misali, nawa zai dumama don ninkawa a cikin carbon dioxide (CO2) maida hankali. A cikin maganganun fasaha, fahimtar yanayin sauyin yanayi shine matsakaicin canjin yanayin Duniyar saboda martani ga canje-canje a tilasta tilas, bambanci tsakanin makamashi mai shigowa da mai fita a Duniya. Hankalin yanayi shi ne babban ma'auni a kimiyyar yanayi, da kuma yanki mai da hankali ga masana kimiyyar yanayi, wadanda ke son fahimtar sakamakon karshe na canjin yanayin anthroprogenic.

Ƙasa ta dumi a matsayin sakamakon kai tsaye na ƙaruwar yanayin CO2, kazalika da karin yawan sauran iskar gas mai guba kamar su nitrous oxide da methane. Karuwa yanayin zafi yana da tasiri na biyu kan tsarin sauyin yanayi, kamar haɓaka tururin ruwa na yanayi, wanda shi ma gas ne mai gurɓataccen yanayi. Saboda masana kimiyya ba su san ainihin ƙarfin waɗannan bayanan yanayi ba, yana da wuya a iya faɗi daidai adadin dumamar da zai samu sakamakon ƙaruwar da aka bayar a cikin yawan iskar gas. Idan ƙwarewar yanayi ta kasance ta ɓangaren ƙididdigar kimiyya, ƙimar Yarjejeniyar Paris na iyakance ɗumamar yanayi zuwa ƙasa da 2°C (3.6°F) zai yi wuya a cimma shi.

Manyan nau'ika biyu na fahimtar yanayi sune gajeren lokaci "amsar yanayi mai wucewa", ƙaruwar matsakaicin matsakaicin duniya wanda ake tsammanin ya faru a lokacin da yanayin iska na CO2 maida hankali ya ninka; da "daidaituwar yanayin yanayi", mafi girman lokaci na karuwa a matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin duniya da ake tsammanin zai faru bayan tasirin CO2 ninki biyu natsuwa  sun sami lokaci don isa matsayin kwari. Yawanci ana fahimtar yanayin yanayi ta hanyoyi guda uku; ta yin amfani da lura kai tsaye na yanayin zafin jiki da matakan iskar gas mai ɗaukar hayaki da aka ɗauka lokacin shekarun masana'antu; ta amfani da zafin jiki kai tsaye kai tsaye da sauran ma'aunai daga abubuwan da suka gabata na duniya; da kuma samfurin abubuwa daban-daban na tsarin yanayi tare da kwamfutoci.

 Manazarta.