Murmansk

Murmansk ( Rashanci : Му́рманск) birni ne mai tashar jiragen ruwa a arewa maso yammacin Rasha . Tana cikin yankin Murmansk . Ya zuwa 2019, garin yana da yawan mutane 292,465.

 Tarihi 
An kafa Murmansk a cikin 1915. An kafa shi'a a lokacin yakin duniya na haka Rasha ta masõya iya aika kayayyaki zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da aka ba katange da kankara. Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 24 Wurin ba da daɗewa ba yana da tashar jirgin ruwa da tashar jirgin ruwa. Yankin ya zama birni na hukuma a cikin 1916, kuma ana kiran shi Romanov-on-Murman ( Rashanci : Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане, Romanov-na-Murmane). An ba birni sunansa na yanzu a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1917. Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 60–63

Daga 1918 zuwa 1920, a lokacin yaƙin basasa na Rasha , sojojin White da Triple Entente suka mamaye garin.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, garin ya kasance babbar hanyar haɗi zuwa Yammacin Turai don Tarayyar Soviet . Sun yi ciniki da kayayyaki yayin yakin. A cikin 1941, sojojin Jamus da na Finnish suka ƙaddamar da Operation Silver Fox da nufin kame Murmansk. Soviet ta fatattaki maharan, amma Murmansk ya sha wahala mai yawa. 

Murmansk ita ce hedikwatar rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Rasha. A lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki ya kasance cibiyar ayyukan jirgin ruwan Soviet.

A cikin 1974, an gina babban abin tarihi mai tsawon mita 36 (ƙafa 118) a cikin birni. Ana kiranta da Alamar Alyosha . An gina shi ne don tunawa da duk waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da Murmansk a Yaƙin Duniya na II. A ranar 6 ga Mayu 1985, a hukumance ana kiran Murmansk Jarumi Jarumi (wanda take ne da aka bayar ga biranen Tarayyar Soviet wanda ya yi fice a lokacin yaƙi na WW2). 

Otal ɗin Arctic ya buɗe a 1984, kuma ya zama mafi tsayi gini sama da Arctic Circle.

 Tattalin arziƙi 
Manyan masana'antu a Murmansk sune kamun kifi, safarar teku, jirgin ƙasa da jigilar hanya, ilimin ƙasa, da dai sauransu.

 Yawan jama'a 
Yawan jama'ar garin yana raguwa tun daga 1992. Lokacin da ya kai ƙololuwa, garin yana da kusan mutane 489,000 a cikin 1989. Tsakanin 1989 da 1992, sama da mutane 28,000 suka bar garin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda lalacewar kwatsam cikin yanayin tattalin arziki. 

Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010, tsarin ƙabilun shine: 

 Rashanci : 89.6%
 Ukrainian : 4.6%
 Belarusiya : 1.6%
 Tatar : 0.8%
 wasu : 3.4%

A shekarar 2016, kaso 16.5% na mutanen ƙasa da shekaru 15, yayin da 54.7% tsakanin 16 da 56, kuma kashi 28.7% na mutanen sun girmi 56.  Wannan yana nufin cewa garin yana da tsofaffin mutane idan aka kwatanta da duk Murmansk Oblast .

 Yanayi 
Murmansk yana da yanayin sauyin yanayi . Wannan yana nufin cewa garin yana da dogon lokacin sanyi da gajere, lokacin sanyi. Murmansk yana sama da da'irar duwatsu, don haka garin yana fuskantar darewar dare .
Hotuna

 Manazarta 

 Sauran yanar gizo 

 Tashar yanar gizon Murmansk 
 Labaran Murmansk Aka  Archived  
 Taswirar hulɗa da Murmansk 
 Barentsnova.com, Murmansk labaran kasuwanci, ƙididdiga
 Murmansk ta kyawawan kyawawan gareji - mujallar hoto ta ɗan jaridar labarai na BBC Jorn Madslien
 Siffar bidiyo ta Murmansk a Turanci, mintuna 4½, 2009
 Exarfin Sojan Burtaniya na Arewacin Rasha 1918-1919 (da ke Murmansk)
 "Cinikayyar dala da yawa na jarabtar kamfanonin Arctic" Labarin BBC akan tasirin masana'antar makamashi ga Murmansk
Category:Birane
Category:Biranen Rasha
Category:Biranen Asiya
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations