Garga Haman Adji

Garga Haman Adji (an haife shi 27 Janairu 1944 Information on the First Arrondissement of Maroua  . ) ɗan siyasan Kamaru ne. Yayi aiki a gwamnatin Kamaru a matsayin Ministan Ma'aikatan farar hula daga 1990 zuwa 1992 kuma a yanzu shi ne Shugaban Alliance for Democracy and Development (ADD), karamar jam'iyyar siyasa. Hakanan shi kansila ne na birni a cikin Arrondissement na Farko na Maroua .

 Rayuwar farko da ilimi 
Musulmi ne  kuma memba ne na ƙabilar Fula,  Garga an haife shi ne a Maroua.   Ya fara aiki a cikin gwamnatin jihar tun yana saurayi, ya zama mai taimaka mataimakan mulki a Yagoua Prefecture a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta1961 sannan kuma shugaban sakatariyar karamar hukumar Kar-Haye a watan Yulin shekara ta 1962; mukamin na karshen ya bashi damar samun kwarewa a shirya kasafin kudi.  Ya kuma shiga jam’iyya mai mulki a 1962,  kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Kasa ta Kamaru da Magistracy, a Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Duniya da ke Paris, da kuma Jami’ar Tarayya ta Yaounde   a lokacin 1960s.

 Kwarewar aiki da aikin gwamnati 
A farkon aikinsa, Garga ya rike manyan mukamai a Kamaru, yana aiki a matsayin Babban Daraktan Tsaron Kasa, Mataimakin Darakta a Ma’aikatar Kudi, Babban Sakatare na Ma’aikatan Farar Hula, da Daraktan Kudi na Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Kamaru. Sannan yayi aiki a matsayin Sufeto na Jiha kuma Mataimakin Darakta na Kula da Gyara Tsarin Mulki. 

Bayan yunkurin juyin mulki na watan Afrilu na shekarar 1984, wanda yan Arewa ke da hannu a ciki, aka kama Garga aka tsare shi a babban kurkukun Kondengui . Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake shi, amma, aka naɗa shi Babban Darakta-Janar na Bankin Boston na Kamaru a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba 1984.  Shugaba Paul Biya ya nada Garga ga gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Ma’aikatan Gwamnati da kuma Oditon Jiha na Koli a shekarar 1990.  Da yake waiwaye bayan nadin nasa, Garga ya ce ya yi farin ciki da hakan saboda yana ganin Biya ya amince da kudurinsa na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa kuma zai ba shi damar yin hakan cikin 'yanci. Kini Nsom, "'The Corrupt Still Run Gov't'", The Post (Cameroon), 27 February 2006. Bayan halatta siyasa da yawa a watan Disambar shekarar 1990, Garga ya taimaka wajen kafa jam'iyyar siyasa, Alliance for Democracy and Progress; an yarda da shi bisa doka a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1991. Report by the Ministry of Justice on the State of Human Rights in Cameroon 2005 , October 2006, page 98 .

A cikin gwamnati, Garga yayi aiki don yaki da rashawa. Kini Nsom, "Garga Haman Adji: Hunting Embezzlers", The Post (Cameroon), 8 October 2004. A matsayinsa na shugaban Audit na Jiha, ya ba da rahoton cewa manyan jami’ai daban-daban suna bin jimlar kudi CFA miliyan 357 na kudaden da suka bace, New African, January 1992, page 18, cited in George B. N. Ayittey, Africa Betrayed (1992), page 239. inda aka gano 42 daga cikinsu da ake zargi da satar CFA miliyan daya ko fiye da haka. Garga ya ce ya kamata a gurfanar da manyan jami'an a gaban kotu don nuna cewa ba za a amince da rashawa ba, Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong, "Corruption, Governance and Development in Cameroon", in Cameroon: The Stakes and Challenges of Governance and Development (2009), ed. Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong and John Bobuin Gemandze, page 50. amma ba a dauki wani mataki a kansu ba.  "CAMEROON: New anti-corruption drive leaves many sceptical", IRIN, 27 January 2006. Daga nan sai aka gyara ma'aikatar Garga a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1992, lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Ministan Ma'aikatan Gwamnati da Gyara Tsarin Mulki;  don haka ya rasa ikonsa akan Kudin Gwamnatin Jiha.   A cewar Garga, Biya bai bayyana wa Garga dalilin da ya sa ya sauya ayyukan Garga ba,  amma Garga ya yi imanin cewa an yi hakan ne saboda Biya da wadanda ke kusa da shi ba su amince da tsayin daka na Garga game da rashawa ba.   Takaici da halin da ake ciki da kuma jin cewa Biya ba shi da tabbaci a kansa,  Garga ya yi murabus daga gwamnati a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1992.  Edmond Kamguia Koumchou, Le journalisme du carton rouge: réflexions et chronologie des années orageuses (2003), page 245 . Ya musanta cewa jagoran adawa John Fru Ndi ya shawo kansa ya yi murabus, duk da cewa ya yi yakin neman goyon bayan takarar Fru Ndi a zaben shugaban kasa Octoba shekarar 1992 .  A lokacin zaben, Biya ya ce Garga ya yi murabus ne saboda Biya ba ya son yin abin da Garga yake so.  Biya ya lashe zaben shekarar 1992 bisa ga sakamakon hukuma; duk da haka, Garga ya yi ikirarin cewa an yi magudi a zaben kuma Fru Ndi ne ainihin wanda ya yi nasara.

 Harkar siyasa bayan shekarar 1992 
Jam’iyyar Garga, wacce aka sauya mata suna zuwa Alliance for Democracy and Development (ADD), ta yi rawar gani a zabuka, amma Garga ya ce hakan ya faru ne saboda magudin zabe.  A watan Mayu na 1996, an shirya shi ya bayyana a matsayin bako a fagen Les Heures, shirin muhawara a rediyon jama'a, don tattaunawa game da mutuwar Ahmadou Ahidjo, amma an dakatar da shirin kai tsaye kafin watsa shi. A cewar manajan gidan rediyon, ba a watsa shirin ba ne saboda rashin cika takardu. "Cameroon: A Transition in Crisis", Article 19, October 1997, pages 15–16.

A matsayinsa na wakilin wata kungiyar siyasa, Garga ya kasance cikin kwamitin kidaya kuri’u na kasa na mutum 22 a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba na shekarar 1997, kuma ya zargi Hukumar da yin zamba wajen gudanar da sakamakon. Jean-Germain Gros, Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspective (2003), page 147.

Bayan zaben ' yan majalisar dokoki na watan Yunin shekarar 2002, Garga da wasu fitattun' yan siyasar arewa hudu sun fitar da sanarwa a watan Yuli, inda suka yi zargin magudin zabe tare da sanar da kafa "fagen adawa". Sun yi gargadin cewa gwamnatin Kamaru mai mulkin dimokiradiyya (RDPC) tana mayar da kasar zuwa mulkin jam'iyya daya kuma sun yi kira ga 'yan siyasa "da su tsallake duk wani banbanci, son kai da son zuciya don samar da wani yunkuri da zai iya ceto Kamaru daga rugujewa". "Five former Cameroonian ministers allege vote rigging", Panapress, 15 July 2002. Garga ya kuma bi sahun sauran 'yan siyasar arewa wajen sanya hannu a wata takarda a watan Satumbar shekarar 2002 inda ya yi tir da yadda ake zargin gwamnatin ta mayar da arewa saniyar ware da rashin kulawa tare da yin kira da a mai da hankali sosai kan magance matsalolin arewa. "Northerners in Cameroon deny seeking secession", Panapress, 15 September 2003.

Garga ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar ADD a zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba na shekarar 2004 . Da yake kin shiga kawancen adawar a wancan lokacin, ya ce baya ga Fru Ndi da Adamou Ndam Njoya hadakar ta kunshi ‘yan cin amana ne marasa gaskiya, yayin da masu sukar sa suka yi ikirarin cewa yana son yin takarar Shugaban kasa ne kawai don biyan bukatar kansa.  Tare da sauran shugabannin adawa, Garga ya yi kira da a yi amfani da na’ura mai kwakwalwa wajen gudanar da zaben, yana mai cewa ya zama dole “a kiyaye zaman lafiyar al’umma da kuma tabbatar da zaben gaskiya”  A zaben, ya sanya na hudu da kashi 3.73% na kuri'un.  Biya ya lashe zaben da gagarumin rinjaye, duk da cewa Garga ya gudanar da aikin "mutunci" a yankin Diamaré, wanda ke cikin lardin Arewa mai Nisa . "Cameroon - Biya Wins", Africa Research Bulletin, October 2004.

A wata sanarwa da aka fitar a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2004, 'yan kwanaki bayan zaben, Garga ya yi Allah wadai da zaben a matsayin magudi, yana mai nuni da kura-kurai da dama tare da tabbatar da bukatar hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta da za ta kula da zabuka masu zuwa. Ya kuma soki sauran shugabannin adawa saboda nuna halin da ya bayyana a matsayin ha'inci, son kai, da kuma sabawa tun a farkon shekarun 1990.  A wasu bayanan bayan zaben, ya nuna rashin amincewa ya lura cewa mutane sun zabi yin zaben ga ‘yan takarar da suka fito daga yankinsu tare da jaddada mahimmancin hadin kai, yana mai cewa ya kamata mutane su matsa gaba fiye da siyasar kabilanci kuma su zabi kan ra’ayi. Dangane da rashin gamsuwa da son ballewa a cikin yaren mutanen Ingilishi, ya ce korafin nasu ya cancanta kuma ya kamata gwamnati ta dauki wadannan korafe-korafen da muhimmanci. 

 Hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zaben shekarar 2007 
Lokacin da Biya ta fara kamfen na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a farkon shekarar 2006, Garga ya nuna amincewarsa a hankali, yana mai cewa Biya daga karshe yana yin abin da ya ba da shawara a farkon shekarun 1990 kuma "ya fi kyau fiye da yadda aka saba da shi", amma kuma ya ce masu adawa da yaƙin neman cin hanci da rashawa ya buƙaci faɗaɗa sosai. A cewar Garga, ministocin da shugabannin kamfanonin gwamnati da yawa sun yi almundahana. 

Baya ga matsayinsa na Shugaban ADD, Garga ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta "Kyakkyawan Lamiri" har zuwa na shekarar 2006. Biyo bayan kirkiro da lambar yabo ta Mo Ibrahim, wacce aka shirya don inganta shugabanci na gari ta hanyar ba shugabannin Afirka da suka yi ritaya ladan kudade masu yawa, Garga ya nuna shakku a wata hira da ya yi da BBC Afirka ta Oktoba a shekarar 2006. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa rashin son shiga cin hanci da rashawa ya ta'allaka ne da "imanin mutum, wanda ba shi da wata alaka da dukiya". Ya kuma nuna shakku kan cewa kyautar za ta karfafawa shugabannin Afirka gwiwa su yi ritaya, yana mai cewa babu wani kudi da zai isa idan ba sa son barin mulki. "Un prix pour promouvoir la bonne gouvernance en Afrique", BBC Afrique, 28 October 2006.

A ranar 15 ga watan Maris shekarar 2007, Shugaba Biya ya nada Garga zuwa wa'adin shekaru uku a Kwamitin Kula da Hukumar yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa na Kasa.  A bikin rantsar da shi a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2007, Garga ya fadi, amma ya sami kulawar gaggawa cikin gaggawa kuma ya murmure cikin 'yan mintoci. A cikin 'yan jaridu, an zargi rushewar tasa da yanayin cunkoson mutane a cikin zauren, da kuma gaskiyar cewa ya yi kusan awa daya tsaye. Kini Nsom and Christopher Jator Njechu, "National Anti-Corruption Commission: Garga Haman Collapses At Swearing-In Ceremony", The Post (Cameroon), 31 May 2007.

Garga yana ɗaya daga cikin yan takarar ADD guda uku da aka zaɓa cikin mambobina kungiyar Municipal mai mambobi 35 na Babban Arrondissement na farko na Maroua a zaɓen birni na watan Yulin shekarar 2007 .  Kodayake jam’iyyarsa ta samu ‘yan kujerun karamar hukuma kawai kuma ba ta da kujerun majalisa, amma Garga ya lura cewa ADD ba ta taba cin wani kujerun karamar hukuma ba sannan ya yi ikirarin cewa ADD din ta samu ci gaba saboda tana“ a yanayin barayi ”amma har yanzu ta yi nasarar wasu daga [kayanta] ". A zaman farko na Majalisar Birni ta farko ta Karamar Hukumar, an zabi Garga a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Kudi. Kodayake matsayin na biyu a karamar hukuma karami ne idan aka kwatanta shi da mukaman da ya rike a baya a rayuwarsa, Garga ya ce yana son ya zama mai amfani kuma yana farin cikin sanar da kwarewarsa ga sauran mambobin majalisar.  Dangane da rahoton da Hukumar Kula da Zabe ta Kasa ta bayar game da zaben majalisar dokoki da na kananan hukumomi na shekarar 2007, wanda aka buga a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2008, Garga ya ce an yi magudi a zaben kuma rahoton masu kula bai nuna gaskiya ba. A cewar Garga, rajistar masu jefa kuri'a zababbu ce kuma tana wakiltar wannan karamin yanki na yawan jama'a (miliyan 4.6 da suka yi rijista a cikin mutane miliyan 18.5) don haka zaben ba shi da wani kwari. Ya kuma yi nuni da zargin da aka yi na yawaitar kada kuri’a da kuma sayen kuri’u a da’awar cewa zaben ba shi da gaskiya da adalci. Kini Nsom, "Opposition Says NEO Report is Fallacious", The Post (Cameroon), 4 August 2008.

 Rayuwar mutum 
Garga, a matsayinsa na Musulmi, yana da mata da yawa . 

 Manazarta 

2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kini Nsom, "Garga Haman Adji: Hunting Embezzlers" , The Post (Cameroon), 8 October 2004.

3. ^ a b c d Mathurin Petsoko, "Garga Haman Adji: Un exemple de rectitude morale pour la jeunesse camerounaise" Archived 2011-07-13 at the Wayback Machine , journalducameroun.com, 20 March 2009 (in French).

4. ruqyah cirebon

5. ^ a b c d e f Kini Nsom, "'The Corrupt Still Run Gov't'" , The Post (Cameroon), 27 February 2006.

6. ^ a b Report by the Ministry of Justice on the State of Human Rights in Cameroon 2005 [permanent dead link], October 2006, page 98 (in French).

7. ^ New African , January 1992, page 18, cited in George B. N. Ayittey, Africa Betrayed (1992), page 239.

8. ^ a b c d e Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong, "Corruption, Governance and Development in Cameroon", in Cameroon: The Stakes and Challenges of Governance and Development (2009), ed. Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong and John Bobuin Gemandze, page 50.

9. ^ "CAMEROON: New anti-corruption drive leaves many sceptical" , IRIN, 27 January 2006.

10. ^ Edmond Kamguia Koumchou, Le journalisme du carton rouge: réflexions et chronologie des années orageuses (2003), page 245 (in French).

11. ^ "Cameroon: A Transition in Crisis" , Article 19, October 1997, pages 15–16.

12. ^ Jean-Germain Gros, Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspective (2003), page 147.

13. ^ "Five former Cameroonian ministers allege vote rigging" , Panapress, 15 July 2002.

14. ^ "Northerners in Cameroon deny seeking secession" , Panapress, 15 September 2003.

15. ^ Sylvestre Tetchiada, "Politics-Cameroon: A Vote for Computerization" Archived 2004-12-22 at the Wayback Machine , IPS, 27 September 2004.

16. ^ "List of candidates and results for the 2004 presidential election" . Archived from the original on December 12, 2004. Retrieved 2017-10-11. (in French).

17. ^ "Cameroon - Biya Wins" , Africa Research Bulletin, October 2004.

18. ^ "Présidentielle: Communiqué de Presse de Garga Haman Adji, Président de l'ADD"

Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine , Cameroon-Info.net, 23 October 2004 (in French).

19. ^ Kini Nsom and Nformi Sonde Kinsai, "SDF, Others, Ready For Dialogue With Biya"

Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine , The Post (Cameroon), 1 November 2004.

20. ^ "Un prix pour promouvoir la bonne gouvernance en Afrique" , BBC Afrique, 28 October 2006.

21. ^ "Décret n° 2007/078 du 15 mars 2007 portant nomination des membres du Comité de coordination de la Commission nationale anti-corruption" Archived 2007-08-19 at the Wayback Machine , Cameroon government website (in French).

22. ^ Kini Nsom and Christopher Jator Njechu,

"National Anti-Corruption Commission: Garga Haman Collapses At Swearing-In Ceremony" , The Post (Cameroon), 31 May 2007.

23. ^ "Garga Haman Adji : Un délégué du gouvernement n'est pas nécessaire à Maroua" Archived 2008-04-30 at the

Wayback Machine, Mutations, 18 January 2008 (in French).

24. ^ Kini Nsom, "Opposition Says NEO Report is Fallacious" , The Post (Cameroon), 4 August 2008.

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